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Wu J, Ji Y, Qu H, Zuo S, Liang J, Su J, Wang Q, Yan G, Ding G. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the right inferior frontal gyrus impairs bilinguals' performance in language-switching tasks. Cognition 2024; 254:105963. [PMID: 39340870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that bilinguals activate both languages simultaneously, even when intending to speak only one. A prevailing theory proposes that bilinguals inhibit the nontarget language to produce the target language, thought to be supported by evidence that the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), a region typically associated with inhibition, is activated during language-switching tasks. However, it remains unclear whether the rIFG plays a causal or epiphenomenal role in this process. To explore the role of the rIFG, the present study employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to modulate its neural activity and evaluate subsequent behavior in bilinguals. Specifically, twenty-nine Chinese-English bilinguals participated in the study and performed picture-naming tasks in single- and dual-language contexts after receiving sham stimulation (Sham), continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), or intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) over the rIFG in three separate visits. Sham served as a control, with cTBS and iTBS intended to decrease and increase cortical excitability, respectively. We found that, compared to Sham, cTBS led to larger asymmetric switching costs and smaller asymmetric mixing costs, whereas iTBS resulted only in smaller asymmetric mixing costs. These findings suggest that cTBS targeting the rIFG likely impairs both local and global control. However, iTBS applied to the rIFG alone may not necessarily enhance language control mechanisms and could even hinder global control. Moreover, exploratory analyses found pronounced TMS-induced impairments in less balanced bilinguals, implying their potentially greater reliance on bilingual language control. Overall, this study is the first to suggest a causal role of the rIFG in language switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wu
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Student Mental Health and Intelligence Assessment, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yannan Ji
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Clinical College, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hongfu Qu
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Shuyue Zuo
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jinsong Liang
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Juan Su
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Student Mental Health and Intelligence Assessment, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Qiping Wang
- School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guoli Yan
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Student Mental Health and Intelligence Assessment, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Guosheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Song H, Yang P, Zhang X, Tao R, Zuo L, Liu W, Fu J, Kong Z, Tang R, Wu S, Pang L, Zhang X. Atypical effective connectivity from the frontal cortex to striatum in alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:381. [PMID: 39294121 PMCID: PMC11411137 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a profound psychiatric condition marked by disrupted connectivity among distributed brain regions, indicating impaired functional integration. Previous connectome studies utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have predominantly focused on undirected functional connectivity, while the specific alterations in directed effective connectivity (EC) associated with AUD remain unclear. To address this issue, this study utilized multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and spectral dynamic causal modeling (DCM). We recruited 32 abstinent men with AUD and 30 healthy controls (HCs) men, and collected their resting-state fMRI data. A regional homogeneity (ReHo)-based MVPA method was employed to classify AUD and HC groups, as well as predict the severity of addiction in AUD individuals. The most informative brain regions identified by the MVPA were further investigated using spectral DCM. Our results indicated that the ReHo-based support vector classification (SVC) exhibits the highest accuracy in distinguishing individuals with AUD from HCs (classification accuracy: 98.57%). Additionally, our results demonstrated that ReHo-based support vector regression (SVR) could be utilized to predict the addiction severity (alcohol use disorders identification test, AUDIT, R2 = 0.38; Michigan alcoholism screening test, MAST, R2 = 0.29) of patients with AUD. The most informative brain regions for the prediction include left pre-SMA, right dACC, right LOFC, right putamen, and right NACC. These findings were validated in an independent data set (35 patients with AUD and 36 HCs, Classification accuracy: 91.67%; AUDIT, R2 = 0.17; MAST, R2 = 0.20). The results of spectral DCM analysis indicated that individuals with AUD exhibited decreased EC from the left pre-SMA to the right putamen, from the right dACC to the right putamen, and from the right LOFC to the right NACC compared to HCs. Moreover, the EC strength from the right NACC to left pre-SMA and from the right dACC to right putamen mediated the relationship between addiction severity (MAST scores) and behavioral measures (impulsive and compulsive scores). These findings provide crucial evidence for the underlying mechanism of impaired self-control, risk assessment, and impulsive and compulsive alcohol consumption in individuals with AUD, providing novel causal insights into both diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Song
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science of Anhui Province on Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intelligence Intervention, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
- The Institute of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Substance-Related Disorders, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Zuo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weili Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaxin Fu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo Kong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liangjun Pang
- Department of Substance-Related Disorders, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive Science Center, Hefei, China.
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Alvarez GM, Jolink TA, West TN, Cardenas MN, Feldman MJ, Cohen JR, Muscatell KA. Differential effects of social versus monetary incentives on inhibitory control under acute inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2024:S0889-1591(24)00601-9. [PMID: 39293694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
While the impact of chronic, low-grade inflammation on cognitive functioning is documented in the context of neurodegenerative disease, less is known about the association between acute increases in inflammation and cognitive functioning in daily life. This study investigated how changes in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were associated with performance on an inhibitory control task, the go/no-go task. We further examined whether the opportunity to earn different incentive types (social or monetary) and magnitudes (high or low) was associated with differential performance on the task, depending on IL-6 levels. Using a within-participant design, individuals completed an incentivized go/no-go task before and after receiving the annual influenza vaccine. Multilevel logistic regressions were performed on the trial-level data (Nobs = 30,528). For no-go trials, we did not find significant associations between IL and 6 reactivity between the sessions and changes in trial accuracy. For go trials, we found significant differences in the associations between IL and 6 reactivity and changes in accuracy from session 1 to session 2 as a function of the incentive condition. Notably, greater IL-6 reactivity was consistently associated with fewer omission errors (i.e., greater accuracy on go trials) on high-magnitude social incentives (i.e., viewing a picture of a close-other picture) when compared to both low-magnitude social and high-magnitude monetary incentives. Together, these results suggest that mild fluctuations in inflammation might alter the valuation of an incentive, and possibly a shift toward devoting greater attentional resources when a large social incentive is on the line. Overall, this study sheds light on how everyday, low-grade fluctuations in inflammation may influence cognitive abilities essential for daily life and effective inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M Alvarez
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
| | - Tatum A Jolink
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Taylor N West
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Megan N Cardenas
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Mallory J Feldman
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jessica R Cohen
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Keely A Muscatell
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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He M, Li Y, Chen M, Li H, Liang C, Chen Y, Long C, Yang Y, Ye J, Mao Y, Wang Y, Li L. Insomnia and stress: the mediating roles of frontoparietal network. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00922-6. [PMID: 39269599 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Insomnia is a widespread health problem among adults, and it impairs cognitive control and emotional regulation functions. Stress and insomnia are positively correlated, and their vicious cycle has been widely reported. In this study, we explore the neural biomarkers of insomnia from the perspective of whole-brain functional connectivity and investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the association between stress and insomnia. The current study was conducted on a cross-sectional sample (N = 430). First, we investigated the correlation between perceived stress and insomnia. Second, we applied connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to determine the neuromarkers of insomnia. Finally, we explored the neural basis underlying the association between perceived stress and insomnia. A significant positive correlation was found between perceived stress and insomnia in the present research. Results of CPM revealed the following as the neural substrates supporting insomnia: the emotion regulation circuit involving repetitive negative thinking and the cognitive control circuit involving attention control. According to further results from mediation analysis, the frontoparietal network supporting cognitive emotion regulation is an important neural mechanism that maintains the correlation between stress and insomnia. The present study offers a profound insight into the alterations of brain activity related to insomnia, and it further investigates the neural underpinnings of the robust association between stress and insomnia. This study also opens new avenues for neural interventions to alleviate stress-related insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of Medical Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Medical Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Huiyun Li
- Department of Medical Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Chunrong Liang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- Department of Medical Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Chunyan Long
- Department of Medical Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jingyi Ye
- Department of Medical Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Medical Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Azriel O, Arad G, Tik N, Weiser M, Bloch M, Garber E, Lazarov A, Pine DS, Tavor I, Bar-Haim Y. Neural activation changes following attention bias modification treatment or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for social anxiety disorder. Psychol Med 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39252484 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724001521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delineation of changes in neural function associated with novel and established treatments for social anxiety disorder (SAD) can advance treatment development. We examined such changes following selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and attention bias modification (ABM) variant - gaze-contingent music reward therapy (GC-MRT), a first-line and an emerging treatments for SAD. METHODS Eighty-one patients with SAD were allocated to 12-week treatments of either SSRI or GC-MRT, or waitlist (ns = 22, 29, and 30, respectively). Baseline and post-treatment functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected during a social-threat processing task, in which attention was directed toward and away from threat/neutral faces. RESULTS Patients who received GC-MRT or SSRI showed greater clinical improvement relative to patients in waitlist. Compared to waitlist patients, treated patients showed greater activation increase in the right inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex when instructed to attend toward social threats and away from neutral stimuli. An additional anterior cingulate cortex cluster differentiated between the two active groups. Activation in this region increased in ABM and decreased in SSRI. In the ABM group, symptom change was positively correlated with neural activation change in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Brain function measures show both shared and treatment-specific changes following ABM and SSRI treatments for SAD, highlighting the multiple pathways through which the two treatments might work. Treatment-specific neural responses suggest that patients with SAD who do not fully benefit from SSRI or ABM may potentially benefit from the alternative treatment, or from a combination of the two. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03346239. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03346239.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Azriel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Arad
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Niv Tik
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mark Weiser
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Miki Bloch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Psychiatric Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eddie Garber
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Psychiatric Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amit Lazarov
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Section on Developmental Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ido Tavor
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Bar-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Leota J, Faulkner P, Mazidi S, Simpson D, Nash K. Neural rhythms of narcissism: Facets of narcissism are associated with different neural sources in resting-state EEG. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:4907-4921. [PMID: 39073208 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Trait narcissism is characterized by significant heterogeneity across individuals. Despite advances in the conceptualization of narcissism, including the increasing recognition that narcissism is a multidimensional construct, the sources of this heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Here, we used a neural trait approach to help better understand "how," and shed light on "why," individuals vary in facets of trait narcissism. Participants (N = 58) first completed personality measures, including the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), and then in a second session sat passively while resting-state electroencephalography (rs-EEG) was recorded. We then regressed source-localized rs-EEG activity on the distinct facets of narcissism: Grandiose Exhibitionism (GE), Entitlement/Exploitativeness (EE), and Leadership/Authority (LA). Results revealed that each facet was associated with different (though sometimes overlapping) neural sources. Specifically, GE was associated with reduced activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC). EE was associated with reduced activation in the DMPFC and right lateral PFC. LA was associated with increased activation in the left anterior temporal cortex. These findings support the idea that trait narcissism is a multidimensional construct undergirded by individual differences in neural regions related to social cognition (the DMPFC), self-regulation (right lateral PFC), and self-referential processing (left anterior temporal cortex).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Leota
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paige Faulkner
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shafa Mazidi
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Simpson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kyle Nash
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Sütçübaşı B, Bayram A, Metin B, Demiralp T. Neural correlates of approach-avoidance behavior in healthy subjects: Effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 203:112392. [PMID: 39002638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is implicated in top-down regulation of emotion, but the detailed network mechanisms require further elucidation. To investigate network-level functions of the dlPFC in emotion regulation, this study measured changes in task-based activation, resting-state and task-based functional connectivity (FC) patterns following suppression of dlPFC excitability by 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). In a sham-controlled within-subject design, 1-Hz active or sham rTMS was applied to the right dlPFC of 19 healthy volunteers during two separate counterbalanced sessions. Following active and sham rTMS, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted in the resting state (rs-fMRI) and during approach-avoidance task responses to pictures with positive and negative emotional content (task-based fMRI). Activation and generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses were performed on task-based fMRI, and seed-based FC analysis was applied to rs-fMRI data. Task-based fMRI revealed greater and more lateralized activation in the right hemisphere during negative picture responses compared to positive picture responses. After active rTMS, greater activation was observed in the left middle prefrontal cortex compared to sham rTMS. Further, rTMS reduced response times and error rates in approach to positive pictures compared to negative pictures. Significant FC changes due to rTMS were observed predominantly in the frontoparietal network (FPN) and visual network (VN) during the task, and in the default mode network (DMN) and VN at rest. Suppression of right dlPFC activity by 1-Hz rTMS alters large-scale neural networks and modulates emotion, supporting potential applications for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernis Sütçübaşı
- Acibadem University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Bayram
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Barış Metin
- Uskudar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tamer Demiralp
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Song Y, Xu T, Chen X, Wang N, Sun Z, Chen J, Xia J, Tian W. Brain structural changes in diabetic retinopathy patients: a combined voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry study. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00905-7. [PMID: 39172355 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in gray matter structure among individuals diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study included a cohort of 32 diabetic patients with retinopathy (DR group, n = 32) and 38 healthy adults (HC group, n = 38). Both cohorts underwent comprehensive psychological and cognitive assessments alongside structural magnetic resonance imaging. The brain's gray matter volume and morphology were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM). Partial correlation analysis was employed to investigate the associations between differences in gray matter volume (GMV) across diverse brain regions and the outcomes of cognitive psychological tests as well as clinical indicators. The VBM results revealed that, in comparison to the healthy control (HC) group, patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) exhibited reduced gray matter volume (GMV) in the right fusiform gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part, and left hippocampus; conversely, an increase in GMV was observed in the right thalamus. The SBM results indicated cortical thinning in the left caudal anterior cingulate cortex, left superior frontal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, and bilateral lingual gyrus in the DR group. Sulcal depth (SD) exhibited increased values in the bilateral rostral middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, frontal pole, left precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, lateral orbitofrontal gyrus, and right paracentral gyrus. Local gyrification indices (LGIs) decreased in the left caudal middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus. The fractal dimension (FD) decreased in the posterior cingulate gyrus and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. The left hippocampal gray matter volume (GMV) in patients with diabetic retinopathy was negatively correlated with disease duration (r = -0.478, p = 0.008) and self-rating depression scale (SAS) score (r = -0.381, p = 0.038). The structural alterations in specific brain regions of individuals with DR, which may contribute to impairments in cognition, emotion, and behavior, provide valuable insights into the neurobiological basis underlying these dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Song
- Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Tianye Xu
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Zhongru Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China.
| | - Weizhong Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China.
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Sookprao P, Benjasupawan K, Phangwiwat T, Chatnuntawech I, Lertladaluck K, Gutchess A, Chunharas C, Itthipuripat S. Conflicting Sensory Information Sharpens the Neural Representations of Early Selective Visuospatial Attention. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2012232024. [PMID: 38955488 PMCID: PMC11326869 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2012-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive behaviors require the ability to resolve conflicting information caused by the processing of incompatible sensory inputs. Prominent theories of attention have posited that early selective attention helps mitigate cognitive interference caused by conflicting sensory information by facilitating the processing of task-relevant sensory inputs and filtering out behaviorally irrelevant information. Surprisingly, many recent studies that investigated the role of early selective attention on conflict mitigation have failed to provide positive evidence. Here, we examined changes in the selectivity of early visuospatial attention in male and female human subjects performing an attention-cueing Eriksen flanker task, where they discriminated the shape of a visual target surrounded by congruent or incongruent distractors. We used the inverted encoding model to reconstruct spatial representations of visual selective attention from the topographical patterns of amplitude modulations in alpha band oscillations in scalp EEG (∼8-12 Hz). We found that the fidelity of the alpha-based spatial reconstruction was significantly higher in the incongruent compared with the congruent condition. Importantly, these conflict-related modulations in the reconstruction fidelity occurred at a much earlier time window than those of the lateralized posterior event-related potentials associated with target selection and distractor suppression processes, as well as conflict-related modulations in the frontocentral negative-going wave and midline-frontal theta oscillations (∼3-7 Hz), thought to track executive control functions. Taken together, our data suggest that conflict resolution is supported by the cascade of neural processes underlying early selective visuospatial attention and frontal executive functions that unfold over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchalee Sookprao
- Neuroscience Center for Research and Innovation (NX), Learning Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Chula Neuroscience Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Cognitive Clinical and Computational Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- SCG Digital Office, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Benjasupawan
- Neuroscience Center for Research and Innovation (NX), Learning Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Chula Neuroscience Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Cognitive Clinical and Computational Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanagrit Phangwiwat
- Neuroscience Center for Research and Innovation (NX), Learning Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Big Data Experience Center (BX), Department of Computer Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10600, Thailand
- Computer Engineering Department, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Itthi Chatnuntawech
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanda Lertladaluck
- Neuroscience Center for Research and Innovation (NX), Learning Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Angela Gutchess
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453
| | - Chaipat Chunharas
- Chula Neuroscience Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Cognitive Clinical and Computational Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirawaj Itthipuripat
- Neuroscience Center for Research and Innovation (NX), Learning Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Big Data Experience Center (BX), Department of Computer Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10600, Thailand
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10
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Cui X, Ding Q, Yu S, Zhang S, Li X. The deficit in cognitive reappraisal capacity in individuals with anxiety or depressive disorders: meta-analyses of behavioral and neuroimaging studies. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 114:102480. [PMID: 39243683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deficit in cognitive reappraisal capacity is a key factor in developing and maintaining emotional disorders such as anxiety disorders and depressive disorders. However, the results from both neuroimaging and behavioral studies are mixed. Therefore, we systematically conducted a series of meta-analyses based on behavioral and neuroimaging studies to clarify this issue. METHODS In behavioral meta-analyses, we used three-level random-effects models to summarize the overall effect sizes based on Hedges' g. In neuroimaging meta-analyses, we used SDM-PSI to summarize the brain activation patterns. RESULTS Behavioral meta-analyses found that individuals with anxiety disorders or depressive disorders could reduce negative reactivity through reappraisal; the reduction of negative emotions through reappraisal by individuals with anxiety disorders was similar to that by healthy individuals; the reduction by depressive disorders was lower than that of healthy individuals. Neuroimaging meta-analyses showed that individuals with anxiety disorders or depressive disorders activated regions of cognitive control during cognitive reappraisal; the activation in individuals with anxiety disorders was lower than in healthy individuals; while the activation in individuals with depressive disorders was similar to that in healthy individuals. CONCLUSION Individuals with anxiety and depressive disorders showed dissociation in behaviour and neuroimaging patterns of cognitive reappraisal capacity deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Qingwen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Shuting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China.
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11
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Ter Horst J, Boillot M, Cohen MX, Englitz B. Decreased Beta Power and OFC-STN Phase Synchronization during Reactive Stopping in Freely Behaving Rats. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0463242024. [PMID: 38866485 PMCID: PMC11308328 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0463-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
During natural behavior, an action often needs to be suddenly stopped in response to an unexpected sensory input-referred to as reactive stopping. Reactive stopping has been mostly investigated in humans, which led to hypotheses about the involvement of different brain structures, in particular the hyperdirect pathway. Here, we directly investigate the contribution and interaction of two key regions of the hyperdirect pathway, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and subthalamic nucleus (STN), using dual-area, multielectrode recordings in male rats performing a stop-signal task. In this task, rats have to initiate movement to a go-signal, and occasionally stop their movement to the go-signal side after a stop-signal, presented at various stop-signal delays. Both the OFC and STN show near-simultaneous field potential reductions in the beta frequency range (12-30 Hz) compared with the period preceding the go-signal and the movement period. These transient reductions (∼200 ms) only happen during reactive stopping, which is when the stop-signal was received after action initiation, and are well timed after stop-signal onset and before the estimated time of stopping. Phase synchronization analysis also showed a transient attenuation of synchronization between the OFC and STN in the beta range during reactive stopping. The present results provide the first direct quantification of local neural oscillatory activity in the OFC and STN and interareal synchronization specifically timed during reactive stopping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ter Horst
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Morgane Boillot
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Michael X Cohen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Englitz
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
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12
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Wang P, Guo SJ, Li HJ. Brain imaging of a gamified cognitive flexibility task in young and older adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:902-912. [PMID: 38627304 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/31/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to develop and validate a gamified cognitive flexibility task through brain imaging, and to investigate behavioral and brain activation differences between young and older adults during task performance. Thirty-one young adults (aged 18-35) and 31 older adults (aged 60-80) were included in the present study. All participants underwent fMRI scans while completing the gamified cognitive flexibility task. Results showed that young adults outperformed older adults on the task. The left inferior frontal junction (IFJ), a key region of cognitive flexibility, was significantly activated during the task in both older and young adults. Comparatively, the percent signal change in the left IFJ was stronger in older adults than in young adults. Moreover, older adults demonstrated more precise representations during the task in the left IFJ. Additionally, the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and superior parietal lobule in older adults and the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and inferior frontal gyrus in young adults were also activated during the task. Psychophysiological interaction analyses showed significant functional connectivity between the left IFJ and the left IPL, as well as the right precuneus in older adults. In young adults, significant functional connectivity was found between the left IFJ and the left MFG, as well as the right angular. The current study provides preliminary evidence for the validity of the gamified cognitive flexibility task through brain imaging. The findings suggest that this task could serve as a reliable tool for assessing cognitive flexibility and for exploring age-related differences of cognitive flexibility in both brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sheng-Ju Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hui-Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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13
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Clarke AT, Fineberg NA, Pellegrini L, Laws KR. The relationship between cognitive phenotypes of compulsivity and impulsivity and clinical variables in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 133:152491. [PMID: 38714143 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the relationship between cognitive phenotypes of compulsivity and impulsivity and clinical variables in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS We searched Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and PsychINFO databases until February 2023 for studies comparing patients with OCD and healthy controls on cognitive tests of compulsivity and impulsivity. The study followed PRISMA guidelines and was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021299017). RESULTS Meta-analyses of 112 studies involving 8313 participants (4289 patients with OCD and 4024 healthy controls) identified significant impairments in compulsivity (g = -0.58, [95%CI -0.68, -0.47]; k = 76) and impulsivity (g = -0.48, [95%CI -0.57, -0.38]; k = 63); no significant difference between impairments. Medication use and comorbid psychiatric disorders were not significantly related to impairments. No associations were revealed with OCD severity, depression/anxiety, or illness duration. CONCLUSION Cognitive phenotypes of compulsivity and impulsivity in patients with OCD appear to be orthogonal to clinical variables, including severity of OCD symptomatology. Their clinical impact is poorly understood and may require different clinical assessment tools and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Clarke
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
| | - Naomi A Fineberg
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK; Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Welwyn Garden City, UK; University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luca Pellegrini
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK; Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Welwyn Garden City, UK; Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Keith R Laws
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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14
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Narmashiri A. Effects of stimulus onset asynchrony on cognitive control in healthy adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306609. [PMID: 39018299 PMCID: PMC11253978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of cognitive control in healthy adults can be influenced by various factors, including the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) effect and strategy training. To address these issues, our study aims to investigate the impact of SOA on single-mode cognitive control using the Go/No-Go task, as well as the manifestation of proactive control within dual mechanisms of cognitive control through the AX-CPT task. In single-mode cognitive control, extending SOA led to significantly enhanced reaction times (RTs) during Go trials, suggesting improved task performance with increased preparation time. Moreover, the analysis revealed consistently higher accuracy rates in No-Go trials than to Go trials across all SOA levels, indicating robust inhibition processes unaffected by SOA variations. In the dual mechanisms of cognitive control, significant variations in RT and accuracy were observed among different trial types. Notably, participants exhibited superior performance in detecting targets during BY trials and shorter RTs in BX trials, indicative of efficient processing of target stimuli. Conversely, prolonged RTs in AY trials suggest proactive control strategies aimed at maintaining task-relevant information and inhibiting irrelevant responses. Overall, these findings highlight the effect of SOA on single-mode cognitive control and the emergence of proactive control within dual mechanisms of cognitive control in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolvahed Narmashiri
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), School of Cognitive Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Electrical Engineering Department, Bio-Intelligence Research Unit, Sharif Brain Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Takehana A, Tanaka D, Arai M, Hattori Y, Yoshimoto T, Matsui T, Sadato N, Chikazoe J, Jimura K. Healthy dietary choices involve prefrontal mechanisms associated with long-term reward maximization but not working memory. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae302. [PMID: 39066505 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Taste and health are critical factors to be considered when choosing foods. Prioritizing healthiness over tastiness requires self-control. It has also been suggested that self-control is guided by cognitive control. We then hypothesized that neural mechanisms underlying healthy food choice are associated with both self-control and cognitive control. Human participants performed a food choice task and a working memory task during functional MRI scanning. Their degree of self-control was assessed behaviorally by the value discount of delayed monetary rewards in intertemporal choice. Prioritizing healthiness in food choice was associated with greater activity in the superior, dorsolateral, and medial prefrontal cortices. Importantly, the prefrontal activity was greater in individuals with smaller delay discounting (i.e. high self-control) who preferred a delayed larger reward to an immediate smaller reward in intertemporal choice. On the other hand, working memory activity did not show a correlation with delay discounting or food choice activity, which was further supported by supplementary results that analyzed data from the Human Connectome Project. Our results suggest that the prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in healthy food choice, which requires self-control, but not working memory, for maximization of reward attainments in a remote future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takehana
- Department of Informatics, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki-machi, Maebashi, 371-8510, Japan
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Biocenter 3, Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Daiki Tanaka
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Mariko Arai
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hattori
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yoshimoto
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Research & Development Department, Araya Inc., 1-11 Kanda Sakuma-cho, Chiyoda, 101-0025, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Matsui
- Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sadato
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Junichi Chikazoe
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Research & Development Department, Araya Inc., 1-11 Kanda Sakuma-cho, Chiyoda, 101-0025, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Jimura
- Department of Informatics, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki-machi, Maebashi, 371-8510, Japan
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16
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Santander T, Leslie S, Li LJ, Skinner HE, Simonson JM, Sweeney P, Deen KP, Miller MB, Brunye TT. Towards optimized methodological parameters for maximizing the behavioral effects of transcranial direct current stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1305446. [PMID: 39015825 PMCID: PMC11250584 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1305446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) administers low-intensity direct current electrical stimulation to brain regions via electrodes arranged on the surface of the scalp. The core promise of tDCS is its ability to modulate brain activity and affect performance on diverse cognitive functions (affording causal inferences regarding regional brain activity and behavior), but the optimal methodological parameters for maximizing behavioral effects remain to be elucidated. Here we sought to examine the effects of 10 stimulation and experimental design factors across a series of five cognitive domains: motor performance, visual search, working memory, vigilance, and response inhibition. The objective was to identify a set of optimal parameter settings that consistently and reliably maximized the behavioral effects of tDCS within each cognitive domain. Methods We surveyed tDCS effects on these various cognitive functions in healthy young adults, ultimately resulting in 721 effects across 106 published reports. Hierarchical Bayesian meta-regression models were fit to characterize how (and to what extent) these design parameters differentially predict the likelihood of positive/negative behavioral outcomes. Results Consistent with many previous meta-analyses of tDCS effects, extensive variability was observed across tasks and measured outcomes. Consequently, most design parameters did not confer consistent advantages or disadvantages to behavioral effects-a domain-general model suggested an advantage to using within-subjects designs (versus between-subjects) and the tendency for cathodal stimulation (relative to anodal stimulation) to produce reduced behavioral effects, but these associations were scarcely-evident in domain-specific models. Discussion These findings highlight the urgent need for tDCS studies to more systematically probe the effects of these parameters on behavior to fulfill the promise of identifying causal links between brain function and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Santander
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Sara Leslie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Luna J. Li
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Henri E. Skinner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Jessica M. Simonson
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn P. Deen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Michael B. Miller
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Tad T. Brunye
- U. S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
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Liu H, Gao W, Jiao Q, Cao W, Guo Y, Cui D, Shi Y, Sun F, Su L, Lu G. Structural and functional disruption of subcortical limbic structures related with executive function in pediatric bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:461-469. [PMID: 38820996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired cognition has been demonstrated in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). The subcortical limbic structures play a key role in PBD. However, alternations of anatomical and functional characteristics of subcortical limbic structures and their relationship with neurocognition of PBD remain unclear. METHODS Thirty-six PBD type I (PBD-I) (15.36 ± 0.32 years old), twenty PBD type II (PBD-II) (14.80 ± 0.32 years old) and nineteen age-gender matched healthy controls (HCs) (14.16 ± 0.36 years old) were enlisted. Primarily, the volumes of the subcortical limbic structures were obtained and differences in the volumes were evaluated. Then, these structures served as seeds of regions of interest to calculate the voxel-wised functional connectivity (FC). After that, correlation analysis was completed between volumes and FC of brain regions showing significant differences and neuropsychological tests. RESULTS Compared to HCs, both PBD-I and PBD-II patients showed a decrease in the Stroop color word test (SCWT) and digit span backward test scores. Compared with HCs, PBD-II patients exhibited a significantly increased volume of right septal nuclei, and PBD-I patients presented increased FC of right nucleus accumbens and bilateral pallidum, of right basal forebrain with right putamen and left pallidum. Both the significantly altered volumes and FC were negatively correlated with SCWT scores. SIGNIFICANCE The study revealed the role of subcortical limbic structural and functional abnormalities on cognitive impairments in PBD patients. These may have far-reaching significance for the etiology of PBD and provide neuroimaging clues for the differential diagnosis of PBD subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Distinctive features of neural structure and function in PBD subtypes may contribute to better comprehending the potential mechanisms of PBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China; School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Weijia Gao
- Department of Child Psychology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Jiao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China; School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.
| | - Weifang Cao
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongxin Guo
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Dong Cui
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Fengzhu Sun
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Linyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Han S, Zheng Q, Zheng Z, Su J, Liu X, Shi C, Li B, Zhang X, Zhang M, Yu Q, Hou Z, Li T, Zhang B, Lin Y, Wen G, Deng Y, Liu K, Xu K. Exosomal miR-1202 mediates Brodmann Area 44 functional connectivity changes in medication-free patients with major depressive disorder: An fMRI study. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:470-476. [PMID: 38608766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Previous large-sample postmortem study revealed that the expression of miR-1202 in brain tissues from Brodmann area 44 (BA44) was dysregulated in patients with major depressive disorder (MDDs). However, the specific in vivo neuropathological mechanism of miR-1202 as well as its interplay with BA44 circuits in the depressed brain are still unclear. Here, we performed a case-control study with imaging-genetic approach based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and miR-1202 quantification from 110 medication-free MDDs and 102 healthy controls. Serum-derived circulating exosomes that readily cross the blood-brain barrier were isolated to quantify miR-1202. For validation, repeated MR scans were performed after a six-week follow-up of antidepressant treatment on a cohort of MDDs. Voxelwise factorial analysis revealed two brain areas (including the striatal-thalamic region) in which the effect of depression on the functional connectivity with BA44 was significantly dependent on the expression level of exosomal miR-1202. Moreover, longitudinal change of the BA44 connectivity with the striatal-thalamic region in MDDs after antidepressant treatment was found to be significantly related to the level of miR-1202 expression. These findings revealed that the in vivo neuropathological effect of miR-1202 dysregulation in depression is possibly exerted by mediating neural functional abnormalities in BA44-striatal-thalamic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Han
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China; Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qingtong Zheng
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Changzhou Shi
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Hou
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Lin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat Sen University, Sun-Yat Sen University, Zhuhai, China; The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Wen
- Medical Imaging Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjia Deng
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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19
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Ginieis R, Yan F, Franz EA, Peng M. Contrasting frontal cortical responses to food versus money rewards across BMI groups. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:688-697. [PMID: 37603004 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2245212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has linked obesity with an altered perception of rewards. This study aimed to contrast frontal cortical activities across body mass index (BMI) groups, in responding to differential rewards (monetary versus food). A total of 60 male participants (27.43 ± 6.07 years of age; 21 normal weight [BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg·m-2]; 20 overweight [BMI: 25.0-29.9 kg·m-2]; and 19 individuals with obesity [BMI ≥ 30 kg·m-2]) were tested for their response bias towards food and money rewards using the Probabilistic Reward Task (PRT), while their frontal cortical responses were recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). The feedback-related negativity (FRN), a reliable measure of reward valuation and learning, was calculated for food (FRN(Food)) and money (FRN(Money)). Results indicate a left-lateralised frontal cortical activity associated with the food reward condition, in the group of overweight and obesity. In contrast, a right-lateralisation was observed in the money reward condition only in the group with obesity. More specifically, FRN(Food) was shown to significantly differ between left and right frontal cortical areas among individuals with obesity (p = 0.035) and overweight (p = 0.012), but not in normal-weight individuals (p = 0.153). Additionally, results revealed that FRN(Food) and FRN(Money) were significantly different for individuals with obesity (p = 0.019), but such a significant difference was not evident in the overweight and normal-weight individuals (p ≥ 0.05). These findings offer intriguing new insights into neuropsychological differentiation across BMI groups, adding to the understanding of obesity-related behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ginieis
- Sensory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Fu Yan
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Mei Peng
- Sensory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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20
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Joyce MKP, Uchendu S, Arnsten AFT. Stress and Inflammation Target Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Function: Neural Mechanisms Underlying Weakened Cognitive Control. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01420-3. [PMID: 38944141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Most mental disorders involve dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), a recently evolved brain region that subserves working memory, abstraction, and the thoughtful regulation of attention, action, and emotion. For example, schizophrenia, depression, long COVID, and Alzheimer's disease are all associated with dlPFC dysfunction, with neuropathology often being focused in layer III. The dlPFC has extensive top-down projections, e.g., to the posterior association cortices to regulate attention and to the subgenual cingulate cortex via the rostral and medial PFC to regulate emotional responses. However, the dlPFC is particularly dependent on arousal state and is very vulnerable to stress and inflammation, which are etiological and/or exacerbating factors for most mental disorders. The cellular mechanisms by which stress and inflammation impact the dlPFC are a topic of current research and are summarized in this review. For example, the layer III dlPFC circuits that generate working memory-related neuronal firing have unusual neurotransmission, depending on NMDA receptor and nicotinic α7 receptor actions that are blocked under inflammatory conditions by kynurenic acid. These circuits also have unusual neuromodulation, with the molecular machinery to magnify calcium signaling in spines needed to support persistent firing, which must be tightly regulated to prevent toxic calcium actions. Stress rapidly weakens layer III connectivity by driving feedforward calcium-cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) opening of potassium channels on spines. This is regulated by postsynaptic noradrenergic α2A adrenergic receptor and mGluR3 (metabotropic glutamate receptor 3) signaling but dysregulated by inflammation and/or chronic stress exposure, which contribute to spine loss. Treatments that strengthen the dlPFC via pharmacological (the α2A adrenergic receptor agonist, guanfacine) or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation manipulation provide a rational basis for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kate P Joyce
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stacy Uchendu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amy F T Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut.
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21
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Disselhoff V, Jakab A, Latal B, Schnider B, Wehrle FM, Hagmann CF. Inhibition abilities and functional brain connectivity in school-aged term-born and preterm-born children. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03241-0. [PMID: 38898110 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition abilities are known to have impact on self-regulation, behavior, and academic success, and they are frequently impaired in children born preterm. We investigated the possible contributions of resting-state functional brain connectivity to inhibition following preterm birth. METHODS Forty-four preterm and 59 term-born participants aged 8-13 years were administered two inhibition tasks and resting-state functional MRI was performed. Functional connectivity (FC) networks were compared between groups using network-based statistics. Associations of FCNs and inhibition abilities were investigated through multivariate linear regression models accounting for the interaction between birth status and inhibition. RESULTS NBS revealed weaker FC in children born preterm compared to term-born peers in connections between motor and supplementary motor regions, frontal lobe, precuneus, and insula. Irrespective of birth status, connections between the cerebellum, frontal, and occipital lobes and inter-lobar, subcortical, intra-hemispheric long-range connections were positively correlated with one of the two inhibition tasks. CONCLUSIONS Preterm birth results in long-term alterations of FC at network level but these FCN alterations do not specifically account for inhibition problems in children born very preterm. IMPACT Irrespective of birth status, significant associations were found between the subdomain of response inhibition and functional connectivity in some subnetworks. A group comparisons of functional brain connectivity measured by rsfMRI in school-aged children born very preterm and at term. The investigation of network-level functional connectivity at rest does not appear adequate to explain differences in inhibition abilities between children born very preterm and at term, hence other imaging techniques might be more suited to explore the underlying neural mechanisms of inhibition abilities in school-aged children born very preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Disselhoff
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andras Jakab
- Centre for MR Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Latal
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Schnider
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flavia M Wehrle
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia F Hagmann
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Liu D, Jamshaid S, Wang L. Neural Mechanisms of Inhibition in Scientific Reasoning: Insights from fNIRS. Brain Sci 2024; 14:606. [PMID: 38928606 PMCID: PMC11202143 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the impact of response and semantic inhibition on scientific reasoning using fNIRS data from 30 students (15 male, 15 female). Utilizing Go/Nogo and Stroop-like tasks within a modified speeded-reasoning task, it was found that inhibition significantly influences scientific reasoning. Specifically, slower responses and lower accuracy on incongruent statements were linked to increased activity in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). The research shows that both DLPFC and pre-SMA are associated with overcoming misconceptions in scientific reasoning. The findings suggest that understanding inhibitory mechanisms can enhance educational strategies to improve critical thinking and scientific literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Liu
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (D.L.); (S.J.)
- School of Psychology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Samrah Jamshaid
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (D.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (D.L.); (S.J.)
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23
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Miller AB, Jenness JL, Elton AL, Pelletier-Baldelli A, Patel K, Bonar A, Martin S, Dichter G, Giletta M, Slavich GM, Rudolph KD, Hastings P, Nock M, Prinstein MJ, Sheridan MA. Neural Markers of Emotion Reactivity and Regulation Before and After a Targeted Social Rejection: Differences Among Girls With and Without Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Histories. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:1100-1109. [PMID: 37918460 PMCID: PMC11063123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are common among adolescent girls and increase risk for suicide death. Emotion regulation difficulties are linked with STBs, particularly in response to targeted social rejection. However, neural correlates of this link have not been investigated and may identify novel targets for interventions. Here, we examined neural correlates of emotion regulation before and after an experimentally delivered targeted social rejection in adolescent girls with STBs and girls without STBs (i.e., control participants). METHODS Girls (N = 138; age range, 9-15 years; mean [SD] age = 11.6 [1.79] years) completed a functional neuroimaging emotion regulation task. In the middle of the task, participants were socially rejected by an unfamiliar confederate whom the participants had elected to meet. Participants also completed a multimethod STB assessment. RESULTS Before rejection, girls with a history of STBs, compared with control participants, showed greater activation in the right superior frontal gyrus when passively viewing negative stimuli, and girls with suicidal behavior (SB) versus those without SB showed less activation in the right frontal pole during emotion regulation attempts. Following the rejection, girls with STBs, compared with control participants, showed greater activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus during emotion regulation. CONCLUSIONS Before social rejection, girls with SB versus without SB may not activate brain regions implicated in emotion regulation, suggesting a vulnerability to poor regulation at their baseline emotional state. After social rejection, girls with any history of STBs showed altered activation in a brain region strongly associated with inhibition and emotion regulation success, possibly reflecting increased effort at inhibiting emotional responses during regulation following stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bryant Miller
- Mental Health Risk and Resilience Research Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Jessica L Jenness
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amanda L Elton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Kinjal Patel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Adrienne Bonar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sophia Martin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gabriel Dichter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matteo Giletta
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Gent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karen D Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Paul Hastings
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Matthew Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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24
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Phillips MR, Byrne J, Gibson EC, Gilbert C, Ford L, Marsh G, Chow J, Robinson GA. The brief executive language screen: sensitivity and specificity in acute to early sub-acute stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38833512 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2024.2356412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Propositional language and underlying executive functions can be impaired post-stroke and affect communication and quality of life. Current stroke screening tools are largely tailored to patients with aphasia, being either non-verbal or focussed on core language skills such as naming and repetition. The Brief Executive Language Screening Test (BELS) is a newly developed cognitive screening tool that assesses memory, oral apraxia, core language, as well as propositional language and associated executive functions that can be impacted and overlooked in stroke patients without aphasia. This study examines BELS sensitivity and specificity, and performance in acute to early sub-acute stroke relative to controls. METHOD Cross-sectional BELS data from 88 acute left and right hemisphere stroke patients (within 7 weeks of stroke) and 116 age-matched healthy controls were compared using independent samples t-tests. ROC Curve Analysis was performed to determine a cutoff score for the BELS. RESULTS Left and right stroke patients were reduced on all propositional language subtests, and executive function subtests of inhibition, strategy, and selection. Differences were also observed for Oral Apraxia, Naming, and Memory. By contrast, Word Comprehension and Repetition, and Sentence Completion Initiation (after corrections applied) did not differ between groups. A total BELS score of 79.25/100 was highly sensitive (.89) and specific (.89) when classifying stroke patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSION The BELS is brief, sensitive, suitable for bedside administration, and can aid in detection and rehabilitation of subtle executive language impairments. This in turn will help improve relationships and quality of life post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia R Phillips
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Byrne
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Emily C Gibson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Casey Gilbert
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucy Ford
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Georgia Marsh
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Chow
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Gail A Robinson
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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25
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Kim GW, Park JI, Yang JC. Brain morphological changes and functional neuroanatomy related to cognitive and emotional distractors during working memory maintenance in post-traumatic stress disorder. Brain Res Bull 2024; 211:110946. [PMID: 38614407 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with abnormalities in the processing and regulation of emotion as well as cognitive deficits. This study evaluated the differential brain activation patterns associated with cognitive and emotional distractors during working memory (WM) maintenance for human faces between patients with PTSD and healthy controls (HCs) and assessed the relationship between changes in the activation patterns by the opposing effects of distraction types and gray matter volume (GMV). Twenty-two patients with PTSD and twenty-two HCs underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and event-related functional MRI (fMRI), respectively. Event-related fMRI data were recorded while subjects performed a delayed-response WM task with human face and trauma-related distractors. Compared to the HCs, the patients with PTSD showed significantly reduced GMV of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). For the human face distractor trial, the patients showed significantly decreased activities in the superior frontal gyrus and IFG compared with HCs (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). The patients showed lower accuracy scores and slower reaction times for the face recognition task with trauma-related distractors compared with HCs as well as significantly increased brain activity in the STG during the trauma-related distractor trial was observed (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). Such differential brain activation patterns associated with the effects of distraction in PTSD patients may be linked to neural mechanisms associated with impairments in both cognitive control for confusable distractors and the ability to control emotional distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Won Kim
- Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chul Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Battaglia S, Nazzi C, Di Fazio C, Borgomaneri S. The role of pre-supplementary motor cortex in action control with emotional stimuli: A repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1536:151-166. [PMID: 38751225 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Swiftly halting ongoing motor actions is essential to react to unforeseen and potentially perilous circumstances. However, the neural bases subtending the complex interplay between emotions and motor control have been scarcely investigated. Here, we used an emotional stop signal task (SST) to investigate whether specific neural circuits engaged by action suppression are differently modulated by emotional signals with respect to neutral ones. Participants performed an SST before and after the administration of one session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the pre-supplementary motor cortex (pre-SMA), the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), and the left primary motor cortex (lM1). Results show that rTMS over the pre-SMA improved the ability to inhibit prepotent action (i.e., better action control) when emotional stimuli were presented. In contrast, action control in a neutral context was fostered by rTMS over the rIFG. No changes were observed after lM1 stimulation. Intriguingly, individuals with higher impulsivity traits exhibited enhanced motor control when facing neutral stimuli following rIFG stimulation. These results further our understanding of the interplay between emotions and motor functions, shedding light on the selective modulation of neural pathways underpinning these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battaglia
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Claudio Nazzi
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Fazio
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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27
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Koyun AH, Wendiggensen P, Roessner V, Beste C, Stock AK. Effects of Catecholaminergic and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Response Inhibition. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 27:pyae023. [PMID: 38742426 PMCID: PMC11184454 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The principle of gain control determines the efficiency of neuronal processing and can be enhanced with pharmacological or brain stimulation methods. It is a key factor for cognitive control, but the degree of how much gain control may be enhanced underlies a physical limit. METHODS To investigate whether methylphenidate (MPH) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) share common underlying mechanisms and cognitive effects, we administered MPH and anodal tDCS (atDCS) over the right inferior frontal gyrus both separately and combined, while healthy adult participants (n = 104) performed a response selection and inhibition task. The recorded EEG data were analyzed with a focus on theta band activity, and source estimation analyses were conducted. RESULTS The behavioral data show that MPH and atDCS revealed interactive effects on the ability to inhibit responses. Both MPH and atDCS modulated task-related theta oscillations in the supplementary motor area when applied separately, making a common underlying mechanism likely. When both stimulation methods were combined, there was no doubling of effects in the supplementary motor area but a shift to inferior frontal areas in the cortical network responsible for theta-driven processing. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that both MPH and atDCS likely share a common underlying neuronal mechanism, and interestingly, they demonstrate interactive effects when combined, which are most likely due to the physical limitations of gain control increases. The current study provides critical groundwork for future combined applications of MPH and non-invasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Helin Koyun
- University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Wendiggensen
- University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
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28
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Storbeck J, Stewart JL, Wylie J. Sadness and fear, but not happiness, motivate inhibitory behaviour: the influence of discrete emotions on the executive function of inhibition. Cogn Emot 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38738654 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2349281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition, an executive function, is critical for achieving goals that require suppressing unwanted behaviours, thoughts, or distractions. One hypothesis of the emotion and goal compatibility theory is that emotions of sadness and fear enhance inhibitory control. Across Experiments 1-4, we tested this hypothesis by inducing a happy, sad, fearful, and neutral emotional state prior to completing an inhibition task that indexed a specific facet of inhibition (oculomotor, resisting interference, behavioural, and cognitive). In Experiment 4, we included an anger induction to examine whether valence or motivational-orientation best-predicted performance. We found support that fear and sadness enhanced inhibition except when inhibition required resisting interference. We argue that sadness and fear enhance inhibitory control aiding the detection and analysis of problems (i.e. sadness) or threats (i.e. fear) within one's environment. In sum, this work highlights the importance of identifying how negative emotions can be beneficial for and interact with specific executive functions influencing down-stream processing including attention, cognition, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Storbeck
- Psychology Department, Queens College, CUNY, Queens, NY, USA
- Psychology Department, The City University of New York Graduate Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jordan Wylie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
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Shintaki R, Tanaka D, Suzuki S, Yoshimoto T, Sadato N, Chikazoe J, Jimura K. Continuous decision to wait for a future reward is guided by fronto-hippocampal anticipatory dynamics. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae217. [PMID: 38798003 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Deciding whether to wait for a future reward is crucial for surviving in an uncertain world. While seeking rewards, agents anticipate a reward in the present environment and constantly face a trade-off between staying in their environment or leaving it. It remains unclear, however, how humans make continuous decisions in such situations. Here, we show that anticipatory activity in the anterior prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus underpins continuous stay-leave decision-making. Participants awaited real liquid rewards available after tens of seconds, and their continuous decision was tracked by dynamic brain activity associated with the anticipation of a reward. Participants stopped waiting more frequently and sooner after they experienced longer delays and received smaller rewards. When the dynamic anticipatory brain activity was enhanced in the anterior prefrontal cortex, participants remained in their current environment, but when this activity diminished, they left the environment. Moreover, while experiencing a delayed reward in a novel environment, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus showed anticipatory activity. Finally, the activity in the anterior prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex was enhanced in participants adopting a leave strategy, whereas those remaining stationary showed enhanced hippocampal activity. Our results suggest that fronto-hippocampal anticipatory dynamics underlie continuous decision-making while anticipating a future reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Shintaki
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daiki Tanaka
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Suzuki
- Centre for Brain, Mind and Markets, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Social Data Science and HIAS Brain Research Center, Hitotsubashi University, 2-1 Naka, Kunitachi, 186-8601, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yoshimoto
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
- Section of Brain Function Information, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sadato
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
- Section of Brain Function Information, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Junichi Chikazoe
- Section of Brain Function Information, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Araya, Inc., 1-11 Kanda Sakuma-cho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0025, Japan
| | - Koji Jimura
- Department of Informatics, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki-machi, Maebashi, 371-8510, Japan
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Bigwanto M, Pénzes M, Urbán R. Does sensation-seeking behavior influence the patterns of flavored e-cigarette use? A cross-sectional study among Indonesian adolescents and young adults. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1140. [PMID: 38658887 PMCID: PMC11040837 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variety of available flavors in e-cigarettes may be a driver for young people to start using these products. The objectives of our study were to examine the relationship between sensation-seeking behavior and e-cigarette use, and to identify the predictors of flavor use patterns among adolescents in Indonesia. METHODS Students aged 15 to 24 years participated from randomly selected high schools and universities in Indonesia. Participants answered questions about their demographic data, e-cigarette use, conventional cigarette use, and sensation-seeking. Flavor preferences were identified from eight different flavor categories. Multivariate multinomial regression analysis was employed to predict conventional cigarette and e-cigarette use among students. A latent class analysis was conducted to determine the number of latent classes of flavor use. RESULTS One thousand six hundred high school and university students, with a mean age of 18.2 years (SD 2.19), were recruited between March and August, 2023. Conventional cigarette use in the past 30 days was higher (16.3%) compared to e-cigarette use (13.3%, p = 0.017), with approximately 8.5% of students were being dual users. Higher levels of sensation-seeking significantly increased the odds of being a current e-cigarette user (OR = 2.54, 95%CI 1.99-3.25) and a current conventional cigarette smoker (OR = 2.38, 95%CI 1.85-3.07). Three groups of flavor classes were identified: 1) primarily menthol flavor users (14%), who had a strong association with current conventional cigarette use; 2) experimenters, who mostly preferred fruit-flavored e-cigarettes (76%); and 3) the multi-flavor user group (10%), who had a higher sensation-seeking tendency. CONCLUSIONS Flavors, especially menthol and fruit flavors, attract youth, broaden the e-cigarette audience and are particularly appealing to high sensation-seekers. Banning these flavors could significantly deter e-cigarette initiation among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamad Bigwanto
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella U. 46, Budapest, 1064, Hungary.
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella U. 46, Budapest, 1064, Hungary.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA, Jl Limau II, Jakarta, 12210, Indonesia.
| | - Melinda Pénzes
- Data-Driven Health Division of the National Laboratory for Health Security, Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 2, Budapest, H-1125, Hungary
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella U. 46, Budapest, 1064, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella U. 46, Budapest, 1064, Hungary
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Xia Y, Wang X, You W, Hua L, Dai Z, Tang H, Yan R, Yao Z, Lu Q. Impulsivity and neural correlates of response inhibition in bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives: A MEG study. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:430-441. [PMID: 38246283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response inhibition is a core cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder (BD), leading to increased impulsivity in BD. However, the relationship between the neural mechanisms underlying impaired response inhibition and impulsivity in BD is not yet clear. Individuals who are genetically predisposed to BD give a way of identifying potential endophenotypes. METHODS A total of 97 participants, including 39 patients with BD, 22 unaffected relatives (UR) of patients with BD, and 36 healthy controls performed a Go/No-Go task during magnetoencephalography. We carried out time-frequency and connectivity analysis on MEG data. RESULTS Decreased beta power, prolonged latency and increased peak frequency in rIFG, decreased beta power in pre-SMA and reduced rIFG-to-pre-SMA connectivity were found in BD relative to healthy controls. In the UR group, we found a decrease in the beta power of pre-SMA and prolonged latency of rIFG. Furthermore, increased motor impulsiveness in BD was related to abnormal alterations in beta oscillatory activity of rIFG and functional connectivity between rIFG and pre-SMA. CONCLUSIONS Hypoactivity activity in rIFG and impaired dominant role of rIFG in the prefrontal control network may underlie the neuropathology of response inhibition dysfunction, resulting increased motor impulsivity in BD. Our findings point to measuring rIFG dysfunction as a potential means of identifying individuals at genetic high risk for transition to BD disease expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei You
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lingling Hua
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhongpeng Dai
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - ZhiJian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Xia Y, Wang X, Sheng J, Hua L, Dai Z, Sun H, Han Y, Yao Z, Lu Q. Response inhibition related neural oscillatory patterns show reliable early identification of bipolar from unipolar depression in a Go/No-Go task. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:414-424. [PMID: 38272369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response inhibition is a key neurocognitive factor contributing to impulsivity in mood disorders. Here, we explored the common and differential alterations of neural circuits associated with response inhibition in bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar disorder (UD) and whether the oscillatory signatures can be used as early biomarkers in BD. METHODS 39 patients with BD, 36 patients with UD, 29 patients initially diagnosed with UD who later underwent diagnostic conversion to BD, and 36 healthy controls performed a Go/No-Go task during MEG scanning. We carried out time-frequency and connectivity analysis on MEG data. Further, we performed machine learning using oscillatory features as input to identify bipolar from unipolar depression at the early clinical stage. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, patients had reduced rIFG-to-pre-SMA connectivity and delayed activity of rIFG. Among patients, lower beta power and higher peak frequency were observed in BD patients than in UD patients. These changes enabled accurate classification between BD and UD with an accuracy of approximately 80 %. CONCLUSIONS The inefficiency of the prefrontal control network is a shared mechanism in mood disorders, while the abnormal activity of rIFG is more specific to BD. Neuronal responses during response inhibition could serve as a diagnostic biomarker for BD in early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Junling Sheng
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lingling Hua
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhongpeng Dai
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yinglin Han
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Zhong X, Wang C, Xu M, Yuan X, Jiang C. Physical training improves inhibitory control in children aged 7-12 years: An fNIRS study. Behav Brain Res 2024; 463:114902. [PMID: 38341102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise plays a crucial role in the development of cognition and brain functions in children. Inhibitory control is an advanced cognition that affects children's life and learning. In the current study, the relationship between physical training and inhibitory control was explored. In total, 80 children were randomly but equally assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent physical training (volleyball) for 60 min, thrice a week for 12 weeks. In contrast, the control group did not undergo any training and continued with their daily routines. The flanker task and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were employed to investigate the effects of 12-week physical training on inhibitory control and changes in the oxy-Hb concentration in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the task. The behavioral results revealed that the experimental group performed better on the flanker task (e.g., shorter response time [F(1,74) = 18.420, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.199] and higher accuracy [F(1,74) = 15.00, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.169] than the control group. The oxy-Hb concentration in the right dorsolateral PFC (R-DLPFC) was higher and the activation level of this region was higher during the flanker task [F(1,74) = 6.216, p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.077]. Moreover, the McNemar test revealed improved cognitive performance in response time or accuracy and R-DLPFC activation induced by physical exercise coincided significantly (χ2 = 5.49, p < 0.05; χ2 = 6.081, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the R-DLPFC is likely the neural substrate for improved cognitive performance elicited by 12-week physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Zhong
- Graduate Department, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Graduate Department, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mingchao Xu
- Graduate Department, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yuan
- Graduate Department, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Changhao Jiang
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100089, China.
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34
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Park Y, Zhang Y, Schwartz F, Iuculano T, Chang H, Menon V. Integrated number sense tutoring remediates aberrant neural representations in children with mathematical disabilities. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.587577. [PMID: 38645139 PMCID: PMC11030345 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.587577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Number sense is essential for early mathematical development but it is compromised in children with mathematical disabilities (MD). Here we investigate the impact of a personalized 4-week Integrated Number Sense (INS) tutoring program aimed at improving the connection between nonsymbolic (sets of objects) and symbolic (Arabic numerals) representations in children with MD. Utilizing neural pattern analysis, we found that INS tutoring not only improved cross-format mapping but also significantly boosted arithmetic fluency in children with MD. Critically, the tutoring normalized previously low levels of cross-format neural representations in these children to pre-tutoring levels observed in typically developing, especially in key brain regions associated with numerical cognition. Moreover, we identified distinct, 'inverted U-shaped' neurodevelopmental changes in the MD group, suggesting unique neural plasticity during mathematical skill development. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of targeted INS tutoring for remediating numerical deficits in MD, and offer a foundation for developing evidence-based educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Park
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Flora Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Teresa Iuculano
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris 75016, France
| | - Hyesang Chang
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
- Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, CA, 94305
- Symbolic Systems Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, CA, 94305
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Zhao K, Fonzo GA, Xie H, Oathes DJ, Keller CJ, Carlisle NB, Etkin A, Garza-Villarreal EA, Zhang Y. Discriminative functional connectivity signature of cocaine use disorder links to rTMS treatment response. NATURE. MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 2:388-400. [PMID: 39279909 PMCID: PMC11394333 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is prevalent, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shows promise in reducing cravings. However, the association between a consistent CUD-specific functional connectivity signature and treatment response remains unclear. Here we identify a validated functional connectivity signature from functional magnetic resonance imaging to discriminate CUD, with successful independent replication. We found increased connectivity within the visual and dorsal attention networks and between the frontoparietal control and ventral attention networks, alongside reduced connectivity between the default mode and limbic networks in patients with CUD. These connections were associated with drug use history and cognitive impairments. Using data from a randomized clinical trial, we also established the prognostic value of these functional connectivities for rTMS treatment outcomes in CUD, especially involving the frontoparietal control and default mode networks. Our findings reveal insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of CUD and link functional connectivity biomarkers with rTMS treatment response, offering potential targets for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanhao Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Gregory A Fonzo
- Center for Psychedelic Research and Therapy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hua Xie
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Desmond J Oathes
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corey J Keller
- Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Alto Neuroscience, Los Altos, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo A Garza-Villarreal
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
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Stern JA, Kelsey CM, Yancey H, Grossmann T. Love on the developing brain: Maternal sensitivity and infants' neural responses to emotion in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Dev Sci 2024:e13497. [PMID: 38511516 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Infancy is a sensitive period of development, during which experiences of parental care are particularly important for shaping the developing brain. In a longitudinal study of N = 95 mothers and infants, we examined links between caregiving behavior (maternal sensitivity observed during a mother-infant free-play) and infants' neural response to emotion (happy, angry, and fearful faces) at 5 and 7 months of age. Neural activity was assessed using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), a region involved in cognitive control and emotion regulation. Maternal sensitivity was positively correlated with infants' neural responses to happy faces in the bilateral dlPFC and was associated with relative increases in such responses from 5 to 7 months. Multilevel analyses revealed caregiving-related individual differences in infants' neural responses to happy compared to fearful faces in the bilateral dlPFC, as well as other brain regions. We suggest that variability in dlPFC responses to emotion in the developing brain may be one correlate of early experiences of caregiving, with implications for social-emotional functioning and self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Stern
- Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Caroline M Kelsey
- Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heath Yancey
- Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Tobias Grossmann
- Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Arrigoni E, Antoniotti P, Bellocchio V, Veronelli L, Corbo M, Pisoni A. Neural alterations underlying executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102207. [PMID: 38281709 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease's (PD) neuropsychological profile is often characterized by altered performance in executive functions (EF) tasks, with a remarkable impact on patients' quality of life. To date, the available neuroimaging literature lacks conclusive evidence about neural patterns underlying EF deficits in PD. Here, we aimed to synthesize the results of PET/fMRI studies examining the differences in brain activation between PD patients and controls during EF tasks, focusing on the three main EF sub-components: cognitive flexibility, working memory, and response inhibition. We conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis to assess the converging alterations in brain activity in PD patients compared to controls. We assessed the association between aberrant patterns of activity and the EF sub-domains. We found a significant association between hypoactivation patterns in PD converging at the level of the right inferior frontal gyrus in response inhibition tasks, whereas hypoactivation in the left inferior frontal gyrus was found in association with the cognitive flexibility domain. Our results confirm the existence of neural alterations in PD patients in relation to specific EF sub-domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Arrigoni
- PhD program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Paola Antoniotti
- PhD program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura IGEA, via Dezza 48, 20144 Milano, Italy
| | - Virginia Bellocchio
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Veronelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura IGEA, via Dezza 48, 20144 Milano, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura IGEA, via Dezza 48, 20144 Milano, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Pisoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.
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Alizadehgoradel J, Molaei B, Barzegar Jalali K, Pouresmali A, Sharifi K, Hallajian AH, Nejati V, Glinski B, Vicario CM, Nitsche MA, Salehinejad MA. Targeting the prefrontal-supplementary motor network in obsessive-compulsive disorder with intensified electrical stimulation in two dosages: a randomized, controlled trial. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:78. [PMID: 38316750 PMCID: PMC10844238 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with a high disease burden, and treatment options are limited. We used intensified electrical stimulation in two dosages to target a main circuitry associated with the pathophysiology of OCD, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC), and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and assessed clinical outcomes, neuropsychological performance, and brain physiology. In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, thirty-nine patients with OCD were randomly assigned to three groups of sham, 2-mA, or 1-mA transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the l-DLPFC (F3) and pre-SMA (FC2) with anodal and cathodal stimulation respectively. The treatment included 10 sessions of 20-minute stimulation delivered twice per day with 20-min between-session intervals. Outcome measures were reduction in OCD symptoms, anxiety, and depressive states, performance on a neuropsychological test battery (response inhibition, working memory, attention), oscillatory brain activities, and functional connectivity. All outcome measures except EEG were examined at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up times. The 2-mA protocol significantly reduced OCD symptoms, anxiety, and depression states and improved quality of life after the intervention up to 1-month follow-up compared to the sham group, while the 1-mA protocol reduced OCD symptoms only in the follow-up and depressive state immediately after and 1-month following the intervention. Both protocols partially improved response inhibition, and the 2-mA protocol reduced attention bias to OCD-related stimuli and improved reaction time in working memory performance. Both protocols increased alpha oscillatory power, and the 2-mA protocol decreased delta power as well. Both protocols increased connectivity in higher frequency bands at frontal-central areas compared to the sham. Modulation of the prefrontal-supplementary motor network with intensified tDCS ameliorates OCD clinical symptoms and results in beneficial cognitive effects. The 2-mA intensified stimulation resulted in larger symptom reduction and improved more converging outcome variables related to therapeutic efficacy. These results support applying the intensified prefrontal-SMA tDCS in larger trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behnam Molaei
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | | | - Asghar Pouresmali
- Department of Family Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Kiomars Sharifi
- Sharif Brain Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Benedikt Glinski
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carmelo M Vicario
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e degli studi culturali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- Bielefeld University, University Hospital OWL, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld, Germany
- German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), Bochum, Germany
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
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Farshad M, Artemenko C, Cipora K, Svaldi J, Schroeder PA. Regional specificity of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation effects on spatial-numerical associations: Comparison of four stimulation sites. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25304. [PMID: 38361404 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Neuromodulation with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an increasingly popular research tool to experimentally manipulate cortical areas and probe their causal involvements in behavior, but its replicability and regional specificity are not clear. This registered report investigated cathodal tDCS effects on spatial-numerical associations (i.e., the SNARC effect), the numerical distance effect (NDE), and inhibitory control (i.e., stop-signal reaction time; SSRT). Healthy adults (N = 160) were randomly assigned to one of five groups to receive sham tDCS or 1 mA cathodal tDCS to one of four stimulation sites (left/right prefrontal cortex [PFC], left/right posterior parietal cortex) with extracephalic return. We replicated that cathodal tDCS over the left PFC reduced the SNARC effect compared to sham tDCS and to tDCS over the left parietal cortex. However, neither NDE nor SSRT were modulated in the main analyses. Post hoc contrasts and exploratory analyses showed that cathodal tDCS over the right PFC had a time-dependent effect by delayed practice-related improvements in SSRT. Math anxiety moderated changes in the NDE in the groups receiving tDCS to the right parietal cortex. With few exceptions, the replicability and regional specificity of tDCS effects on behavior were weak and partially moderated by individual differences. Future research needs to characterize the parameter settings for effective neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farshad
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christina Artemenko
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Cipora
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Centre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jennifer Svaldi
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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He Q, Geißler CF, Ferrante M, Hartwigsen G, Friehs MA. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on reactive response inhibition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105532. [PMID: 38194868 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Reactive response inhibition cancels impending actions to enable adaptive behavior in ever-changing environments and has wide neuropsychiatric implications. A canonical paradigm to measure the covert inhibition latency is the stop-signal task (SST). To probe the cortico-subcortical network underlying motor inhibition, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been applied over central nodes to modulate SST performance, especially to the right inferior frontal cortex and the presupplementary motor area. Since the vast parameter spaces of SST and TMS enabled diverse implementations, the insights delivered by emerging TMS-SST studies remain inconclusive. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to account for variability and synthesize converging evidence. Results indicate certain protocol specificity through the consistent perturbations induced by online TMS, whereas offline protocols show paradoxical effects on different target regions besides numerous null effects. Ancillary neuroimaging findings have verified and dissociated the underpinning network dynamics. Sources of heterogeneity in designs and risk of bias are highlighted. Finally, we outline best-practice recommendations to bridge methodological gaps and subserve the validity as well as replicability of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu He
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph F Geißler
- Institute for Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience (ICAN), Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Matteo Ferrante
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian A Friehs
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Psychology of Conflict Risk and Safety, University of Twente, the Netherlands; University College Dublin, School of Psychology, Dublin, Ireland.
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Wang K, Fang Y, Guo Q, Shen L, Chen Q. Superior Attentional Efficiency of Auditory Cue via the Ventral Auditory-thalamic Pathway. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:303-326. [PMID: 38010315 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Auditory commands are often executed more efficiently than visual commands. However, empirical evidence on the underlying behavioral and neural mechanisms remains scarce. In two experiments, we manipulated the delivery modality of informative cues and the prediction violation effect and found consistently enhanced RT benefits for the matched auditory cues compared with the matched visual cues. At the neural level, when the bottom-up perceptual input matched the prior prediction induced by the auditory cue, the auditory-thalamic pathway was significantly activated. Moreover, the stronger the auditory-thalamic connectivity, the higher the behavioral benefits of the matched auditory cue. When the bottom-up input violated the prior prediction induced by the auditory cue, the ventral auditory pathway was specifically involved. Moreover, the stronger the ventral auditory-prefrontal connectivity, the larger the behavioral costs caused by the violation of the auditory cue. In addition, the dorsal frontoparietal network showed a supramodal function in reacting to the violation of informative cues irrespective of the delivery modality of the cue. Taken together, the results reveal novel behavioral and neural evidence that the superior efficiency of the auditory cue is twofold: The auditory-thalamic pathway is associated with improvements in task performance when the bottom-up input matches the auditory cue, whereas the ventral auditory-prefrontal pathway is involved when the auditory cue is violated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Fang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Shen
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Moffat R, Caruana N, Cross ES. Inhibiting responses under the watch of a recently synchronized peer increases self-monitoring: evidence from functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Open Biol 2024; 14:230382. [PMID: 38378138 PMCID: PMC10878812 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing motor synchrony with a peer (through interventions such as the mirror game) can yield collaborative, cognitive and social benefits. However, it is also well established that observation by an audience can improve cognition. The combined and relative advantages offered by motor synchronization and audience effects are not yet understood. It is important to address this gap to determine the extent to which synchronizing activities might interact with the positive effects of an audience. In this preregistered study, we investigate the extent to which response inhibition may be improved when observed by a peer after motor synchronization with this peer. We compare behavioural and cortical (functional near-infrared spectroscopy; fNIRS) measures of inhibition between synchronized and non-synchronized dyads and find that the presence of a synchronized peer-audience introduces a speed-accuracy trade-off, consisting of slower reaction times and improved accuracy. This co-occurs with cortical activation in bilateral inferior frontal and middle prefrontal cortices, which are implicated in monitoring and maintenance of social alignment. Our findings have implications for carers and support people, who may benefit from synchronizing activities for rehabilitating inhibition and social skills in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Moffat
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Professorship for Social Brain Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - N. Caruana
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - E. S. Cross
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Westmead Innovation Quarter Building U, Westmead New South Wales 2145, Australia
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QB, UK
- Professorship for Social Brain Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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43
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Healey R, Goldsworthy M, Salomoni S, Weber S, Kemp S, Hinder MR, St George RJ. Impaired motor inhibition during perceptual inhibition in older, but not younger adults: a psychophysiological study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2023. [PMID: 38263414 PMCID: PMC10805883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) governs the ability to rapidly cancel planned movements when no longer appropriate (motor inhibition) and ignore distracting stimuli (perceptual inhibition). It is unclear to what extent these processes interact, and how they are impacted by age. The interplay between perceptual and motor inhibition was investigated using a Flanker Task, a Stop Signal Task and a combined Stop Signal Flanker Task in healthy young (n = 33, Mean = 24 years) and older adults (n = 32, Mean = 71 years). PFC activity was measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), while electromyography (EMG) measured muscle activity in the fingers used to respond to the visual cues. Perceptual inhibition (the degree to which incongruent flankers slowed response time to a central cue) and motor inhibition (the speed of cancellation of EMG activation following stop cues) independently declined with age. When both processes were engaged together, PFC activity increased for both age groups, however only older adults exhibited slower motor inhibition. The results indicate that cortical upregulation was sufficient to compensate for the increased task demands in younger but not older adults, suggesting potential resource sharing and neural limitations particularly in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Healey
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Megan Goldsworthy
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Sauro Salomoni
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Simon Weber
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Sarah Kemp
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark R Hinder
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Rebecca J St George
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
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Marques CC, Sayal A, Crisóstomo J, Duarte JV, Castilho P, Goss K, Pereira AT, Castelo-Branco M. A neural network underlying cognitive strategies related to eating, weight and body image concerns. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 17:1274817. [PMID: 38318273 PMCID: PMC10839062 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1274817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Concerns about food intake, weight and body shape can trigger negatively loaded emotions, which may prompt the use of cognitive strategies to regulate these emotional states. A novel fMRI task was developed to assess the neurobehavioral correlates of cognitive strategies related to eating, weight and body image concerns, such as self-criticism, avoidance, rumination, and self-reassurance. Fourteen healthy females were presented audio sentences referring to these conditions and instructed to repeat these internally while engaging their thoughts with the content of food or body images. Participants were asked to report the elicited emotion and rate their performance. All cognitive strategies recruited a network including the inferior and superior frontal gyri, orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and dorsal striatum. These brain regions are involved in emotional, reward and inhibitory control processing. Representational similarity analysis revealed distinct patterns of neural responses for each cognitive strategy. Additionally, self-report measures showed that self-criticism was positively associated with superior frontal gyrus (SFG) activation. Self-compassion scores were negatively correlated with activations in the insula and right putamen, while self-reassurance scores were negatively associated with activity in the orbitofrontal cortex. These findings identify a neural network underlying cognitive strategies related to eating, weight and body image concerns, where neurobehavioral correlation patterns depend on the cognitive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana C. Marques
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Sayal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Siemens Healthineers, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Crisóstomo
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João V. Duarte
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Castilho
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kenneth Goss
- Coventry & Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry Eating Disorder Service, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ana T. Pereira
- Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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45
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Chien JCY, Eich TS. Does stereotype threat influence age-related differences on directed forgetting tasks? Front Psychol 2024; 14:1296662. [PMID: 38314250 PMCID: PMC10836358 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1296662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Directed Forgetting paradigm has proven to be a powerful tool to explore motivated forgetting in the lab. Past work has shown that older adults are less able to intentionally suppress information from memory relative to younger adults, which is often attributed to deficits in inhibitory abilities. Instructions in traditional Directed Forgetting tasks contain terms that may elicit stereotype threat in older adults, which may negatively impact memory. Here, we tested whether the instructions in a Directed Forgetting task affected older adults' ability to appropriately control the contents of memory. Methods In two experiments that differed in the number of words presented (30 vs. 48 items), younger and older adults were randomized into one of four crossed Conditions of a Directed Forgetting task. At encoding, participants were either instructed to remember/ forget items, or to think about/not think about items. At test, they were either asked whether the memory probe was old or new, or whether they had seen it before (yes/no). Each experiment contained data from 100 younger (18- 40 years) and 98 older (60+ years) adults, with ~25 participants per Condition. All participants were recruited from Prolific and tested online. Results In neither Experiment 1 nor Experiment 2 did we find evidence of a stereotype threat effect, or age-related effects of directed forgetting. We did find that performance for to-be-forgotten items was worse in conditions with encoding instructions that contained words that might trigger stereotype threat relative to conditions that did not contain such words: when explicitly told to forget items, both older and younger adults forgot more items than did participants who were cued to not think about the words and put them out of mind. However, we found no such difference across the two different remember instructions: regardless of whether participants were told to remember or to think about items, recognition memory for to be retained items was high. The pattern of results across the two experiments was similar, except, not surprisingly, participants performed worse in Experiment 2 than Experiment 1. Interestingly, we found that higher accuracy for to be remembered items was associated with a more positive outlook of one's own memory relative to others. Discussion These results suggest that directed forgetting may not always be impaired in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teal S. Eich
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Sheynin J, Lokshina Y, Ahrari S, Nickelsen T, Duval ER, Ben-Zion Z, Shalev AY, Hendler T, Liberzon I. Greater Early Posttrauma Activation in the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus Predicts Recovery From Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:91-100. [PMID: 37451548 PMCID: PMC10787040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with altered emotion processing and modulation in specific brain regions, i.e., the amygdala, insula, and medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. Functional alterations in these regions, recorded shortly after trauma exposure, may predict changes in PTSD symptoms. METHODS Survivors (N = 104) of a traumatic event, predominantly a motor vehicle accident, were included. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess brain activation 1, 6, and 14 months after trauma exposure (T1, T2, and T3, respectively). Participants performed the Shifted-attention Emotional Appraisal Task, which probes 3 affective processes: implicit emotional processing (of emotional faces), emotion modulation by attention shifting (away from these faces), and emotion modulation by appraisal (of the participants' own emotional response to these faces). We defined regions of interest based on task-related activations, extracted beta weights from these regions of interest, and submitted them to a series of analyses to examine relationships between neural activation and PTSD severity over the 3 time points. RESULTS At T1, a regression model containing activations in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and medial prefrontal cortex during emotion modulation by appraisal significantly predicted change in PTSD symptoms. More specifically, greater right IFG activation at T1 was associated with greater reduction in symptom severity (T1-T3). Exploratory analysis also found that activation of the right IFG increased from T1 to T3. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that greater early posttrauma activation during emotion appraisal in the right IFG, a region previously linked to cognitive control in PTSD, predicts recovery from PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jony Sheynin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Yana Lokshina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Samira Ahrari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Tetiana Nickelsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Elizabeth R Duval
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ziv Ben-Zion
- Departments of Comparative Medicine and Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Sagol Brain Institute Tel-Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD Clinical Neuroscience Division, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Arieh Y Shalev
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Talma Hendler
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel-Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
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Abugu EU, Harper SA, Kim Y, Bolton DAE. Prefrontal activation when suppressing an automatic balance recovery step. Gait Posture 2024; 107:281-286. [PMID: 38349937 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated neural mechanisms for suppressing a highly automatic balance recovery step. Response inhibition has typically been researched using focal hand reaction tasks performed by seated participants, and this has revealed a neural stopping network including the Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG). It is unclear if the same neural networks contribute to suppressing an unwanted balance reaction. RESEARCH QUESTION Is there greater IFG activation when suppressing an automatic balance recovery step? METHODS Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure brain activity in 21 young adults as they performed a balance recovery task that demanded rapid step suppression following postural perturbation. The hypothesis was that the IFG would show heightened activity when suppressing an automatic balance recovery step. A lean and-release system was used to impose temporally unpredictable forward perturbations by releasing participants from a supported forward lean. For most trials (80%), participants were told to recover balance by quickly stepping forward (STEP). However, on 20% of trials at random, a high-pitch tone was played immediately after postural perturbation signaling participants to suppress a step and fully relax into a catch harness (STOP). This allowed us to target the ability to cancel an already initiated step in a balance recovery context. Average oxygenated hemoglobin changes were contrasted between STEP and STOP trials, 1-6 s post perturbation. RESULTS The results showed a greater bilateral prefrontal response during STOP trials, supporting the idea that executive brain networks are active when suppressing a balance recovery step. SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrates one way in which higher brain processes may help us prevent falls in complex environments where behavioral flexibility is necessary. This study also presents a novel method for assessing response inhibition in an upright postural context where rapid stepping reactions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezinne U Abugu
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Sara A Harper
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Sorenson Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Kinesiology Department, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA.
| | - Youngwook Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Sorenson Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Kyungil University, 50, Gamasil-gil, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - David A E Bolton
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Sorenson Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
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Joshi SD, Ruffini G, Nuttall HE, Watson DG, Braithwaite JJ. Optimised Multi-Channel Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (MtDCS) Reveals Differential Involvement of the Right-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (rVLPFC) and Insular Complex in those Predisposed to Aberrant Experiences. Conscious Cogn 2024; 117:103610. [PMID: 38056338 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown a prominent role for cortical hyperexcitability underlying aberrant perceptions, hallucinations, and distortions in human conscious experience - even in neurotypical groups. The rVLPFC has been identified as an important structure in mediating cognitive affective states / feeling conscious states. The current study examined the involvement of the rVLPFC in mediating cognitive affective states in those predisposed to aberrant experiences in the neurotypical population. Participants completed two trait-based measures: (i) the Cortical Hyperexcitability Index_II (CHi_II, a proxy measure of cortical hyperexcitability) and (ii) two factors from the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale (CDS). An optimised 7-channel MtDCS montage for stimulation conditions (Anodal, Cathodal and Sham) was created targeting the rVLPFC in a single-blind study. At the end of each stimulation session, participants completed a body-threat task (BTAB) while skin conductance responses (SCRs) and psychological responses were recorded. Participants with signs of increasing cortical hyperexcitability showed significant suppression of SCRs in the Cathodal stimulation relative to the Anodal and sSham conditions. Those high on the trait-based measures of depersonalisation-like experiences failed to show reliable effects. Collectively, the findings suggest that baseline brain states can mediate the effects of neurostimulation which would be missed via sample level averaging and without appropriate measures for stratifying individual differences.
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Papadopoulou AK, Samsouris C, Vlachos F, Badcock NA, Phylactou P, Papadatou-Pastou M. Exploring cerebral laterality of writing and the relationship to handedness: a functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound investigation. Laterality 2024; 29:117-150. [PMID: 38112692 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2023.2284407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral lateralization of oral language has been investigated in a plethora of studies and it is well established that the left hemisphere is dominant for production tasks in the majority of individuals. However, few studies have focused on written language and even fewer have sampled left-handers. Writing comprises language and motor components, both of which contribute to cerebral activation, yet previous research has not disentangled. The aim of this study was to disentangle the language and motor components of writing lateralization. This was achieved through the comparison of cerebral activation during (i) written word generation and (ii) letter copying, as assessed by functional Transcranial Doppler (fTCD) ultrasound. We further assessed cerebral laterality of oral language. The sample was balanced for handedness. We preregistered the hypotheses that (i) cerebral lateralization of the linguistic component of writing would be weaker in left-handers compared to right-handers and (ii) oral language and the linguistic component of written language would not be correlated in terms of cerebral lateralization. No compelling evidence for either of our hypotheses was found. Findings highlight the complexity of the processes subserving written and oral language as well as the methodological challenges to isolate the linguistic component of writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia-Konstantina Papadopoulou
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Samsouris
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Filippos Vlachos
- Department of Special Education, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Nicholas A Badcock
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Phivos Phylactou
- School of Physical Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Marietta Papadatou-Pastou
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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El Haffaf LM, Ronat L, Cannizzaro A, Hanganu A. Associations Between Hyperactive Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Brain Morphology in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:841-853. [PMID: 38143342 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperactive neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) (i.e., agitation, disinhibition, and irritability) are among the most challenging symptoms to manage in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their underlying brain correlates have been poorly studied. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the associations between the total score of hyperactive NPS and brain structures in participants with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively normal older adults (CN). METHODS Neuropsychiatric and 3T MRI data from 216 AD, 564 MCI, and 660 CN participants were extracted from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. To define NPS and brain structures' associations, we fitted a general linear model (GLM) in two ways: 1) an overall GLM including all three groups (AD, MCI, CN) and 2) three pair-wise GLMs (AD versus MCI, MCI versus CN, AD versus CN). The cortical changes as a function of NPS total score were investigated using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Results from the overall GLM include associations between 1) agitation and the right parietal supramarginal surface area in the MCI-CN contrast, 2) disinhibition and the cortical thickness of the right frontal pars opercularis and temporal inferior in the AD-MCI contrast, and 3) irritability and the right frontal pars opercularis, frontal superior, and temporal superior volumes in the MCI-CN contrast. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that each hyperactive NPS is associated with distinct brain regions in AD, MCI, and CN (groups with different levels of cognitive performance). This suggests that each NPS is associated with a unique signature of brain morphology, including variations in volume, thickness, or area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyna Mariam El Haffaf
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lucas Ronat
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Cannizzaro
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandru Hanganu
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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