1
|
Rao F, Xue T. Circadian-independent light regulation of mammalian metabolism. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1000-1007. [PMID: 38831000 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The daily light-dark cycle is a key zeitgeber (time cue) for entraining an organism's biological clock, whereby light sensing by retinal photoreceptors, particularly intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, stimulates the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, a central pacemaker that in turn orchestrates the rhythm of peripheral metabolic activities. Non-rhythmic effects of light on metabolism have also been long known, and their transduction mechanisms are only beginning to unfold. Here, we summarize emerging evidence that, in mammals, light exposure or deprivation profoundly affects glucose homeostasis, thermogenesis and other metabolic activities in a clock-independent manner. Such light regulation could involve melanopsin-based, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell-initiated brain circuits via the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and other nuclei, or direct stimulation of opsins expressed in the hypothalamus, adipose tissue, blood vessels and skin to regulate sympathetic tone, lipolysis, glucose uptake, mitochondrial activation, thermogenesis, food intake, blood pressure and melanogenesis. These photic signalling events may coordinate with circadian-based mechanisms to maintain metabolic homeostasis, with dysregulation of this system underlying metabolic diseases caused by aberrant light exposure, such as environmental night light and shift work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Rao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Tian Xue
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leon S, Simon V, Lee TH, Steuernagel L, Clark S, Biglari N, Lesté-Lasserre T, Dupuy N, Cannich A, Bellocchio L, Zizzari P, Allard C, Gonzales D, Le Feuvre Y, Lhuillier E, Brochard A, Nicolas JC, Teillon J, Nikolski M, Marsicano G, Fioramonti X, Brüning JC, Cota D, Quarta C. Single cell tracing of Pomc neurons reveals recruitment of 'Ghost' subtypes with atypical identity in a mouse model of obesity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3443. [PMID: 38658557 PMCID: PMC11043070 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus contains a remarkable diversity of neurons that orchestrate behavioural and metabolic outputs in a highly plastic manner. Neuronal diversity is key to enabling hypothalamic functions and, according to the neuroscience dogma, it is predetermined during embryonic life. Here, by combining lineage tracing of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc) neurons with single-cell profiling approaches in adult male mice, we uncovered subpopulations of 'Ghost' neurons endowed with atypical molecular and functional identity. Compared to 'classical' Pomc neurons, Ghost neurons exhibit negligible Pomc expression and are 'invisible' to available neuroanatomical approaches and promoter-based reporter mice for studying Pomc biology. Ghost neuron numbers augment in diet-induced obese mice, independent of neurogenesis or cell death, but weight loss can reverse this shift. Our work challenges the notion of fixed, developmentally programmed neuronal identities in the mature hypothalamus and highlight the ability of specialised neurons to reversibly adapt their functional identity to adult-onset obesogenic stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Leon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Simon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas H Lee
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lukas Steuernagel
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Samantha Clark
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nasim Biglari
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Nathalie Dupuy
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Zizzari
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Allard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Gonzales
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yves Le Feuvre
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emeline Lhuillier
- University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSERM, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, U1297, 31400, France; GeT-Santé, Plateforme Génome et Transcriptome, GenoToul, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Brochard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Charles Nicolas
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérémie Teillon
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, BIC, US4, UAR 3420, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Macha Nikolski
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Bioinformatics Center, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hammerschmidt P, Steculorum SM, Bandet CL, Del Río-Martín A, Steuernagel L, Kohlhaas V, Feldmann M, Varela L, Majcher A, Quatorze Correia M, Klar RFU, Bauder CA, Kaya E, Porniece M, Biglari N, Sieben A, Horvath TL, Hornemann T, Brodesser S, Brüning JC. CerS6-dependent ceramide synthesis in hypothalamic neurons promotes ER/mitochondrial stress and impairs glucose homeostasis in obese mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7824. [PMID: 38016943 PMCID: PMC10684560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of hypothalamic ceramides has been associated with disrupted neuronal pathways in control of energy and glucose homeostasis. However, the specific ceramide species promoting neuronal lipotoxicity in obesity have remained obscure. Here, we find increased expression of the C16:0 ceramide-producing ceramide synthase (CerS)6 in cultured hypothalamic neurons exposed to palmitate in vitro and in the hypothalamus of obese mice. Conditional deletion of CerS6 in hypothalamic neurons attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-dependent weight gain and improves glucose metabolism. Specifically, CerS6 deficiency in neurons expressing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) or steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) alters feeding behavior and alleviates the adverse metabolic effects of HFD feeding on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. POMC-expressing cell-selective deletion of CerS6 prevents the diet-induced alterations of mitochondrial morphology and improves cellular leptin sensitivity. Our experiments reveal functions of CerS6-derived ceramides in hypothalamic lipotoxicity, altered mitochondrial dynamics, and ER/mitochondrial stress in the deregulation of food intake and glucose metabolism in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hammerschmidt
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sophie M Steculorum
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Research Group Neurocircuit Wiring and Function, Cologne, Germany
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cécile L Bandet
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Almudena Del Río-Martín
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Steuernagel
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vivien Kohlhaas
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marvin Feldmann
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luis Varela
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Laboratory of Glia-Neuron Interactions in the Control of Hunger. Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque-Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Adam Majcher
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Quatorze Correia
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rhena F U Klar
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Corinna A Bauder
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ecem Kaya
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marta Porniece
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nasim Biglari
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Sieben
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Laboratory of Glia-Neuron Interactions in the Control of Hunger. Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque-Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee HG, Jung IH, Park BS, Yang HR, Kim KK, Tu TH, Yeh JY, Lee S, Yang S, Lee BJ, Kim JG, Nam-Goong IS. Altered Metabolic Phenotypes and Hypothalamic Neuronal Activity Triggered by Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:784-795. [PMID: 37915185 PMCID: PMC10695712 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are currently used to treat patients with diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated that treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors is accompanied by altered metabolic phenotypes. However, it has not been investigated whether the hypothalamic circuit participates in the development of the compensatory metabolic phenotypes triggered by the treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors. METHODS Mice were fed a standard diet or high-fat diet and treated with dapagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor. Food intake and energy expenditure were observed using indirect calorimetry system. The activity of hypothalamic neurons in response to dapagliflozin treatment was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with c-Fos antibody. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine gene expression patterns in the hypothalamus of dapagliflozin-treated mice. RESULTS Dapagliflozin-treated mice displayed enhanced food intake and reduced energy expenditure. Altered neuronal activities were observed in multiple hypothalamic nuclei in association with appetite regulation. Additionally, we found elevated immunosignals of agouti-related peptide neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. CONCLUSION This study suggests the functional involvement of the hypothalamus in the development of the compensatory metabolic phenotypes induced by SGLT-2 inhibitor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Gyun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Il Hyeon Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byong Seo Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kwang Kon Kim
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Thai Hien Tu
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Yeh
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sewon Lee
- Division of Sport Science, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
- Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sunggu Yang
- Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
- Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Il Seong Nam-Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Z, Xiao T, Liu H. Leptin signaling and its central role in energy homeostasis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1238528. [PMID: 38027481 PMCID: PMC10644276 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1238528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin plays a critical role in regulating appetite, energy expenditure and body weight, making it a key factor in maintaining a healthy balance. Despite numerous efforts to develop therapeutic interventions targeting leptin signaling, their effectiveness has been limited, underscoring the importance of gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms through which leptin exerts its functions. While the hypothalamus is widely recognized as the primary site responsible for the appetite-suppressing and weight-reducing effects of leptin, other brain regions have also been increasingly investigated for their involvement in mediating leptin's action. In this review, we summarize leptin signaling pathways and the neural networks that mediate the effects of leptin, with a specific emphasis on energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxun Liu
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Xiao
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hailan Liu
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim KK, Lee TH, Park BS, Kang D, Kim DH, Jeong B, Kim JW, Yang HR, Kim HR, Jin S, Back SH, Park JW, Kim JG, Lee BJ. Bridging Energy Need and Feeding Behavior: The Impact of eIF2α Phosphorylation in AgRP Neurons. Diabetes 2023; 72:1384-1396. [PMID: 37478284 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) is a key mediator of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR). In mammals, eIF2α is phosphorylated by overnutrition-induced ER stress and is related to the development of obesity. Here, we studied the function of phosphorylated eIF2α (p-eIF2α) in agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons using a mouse model (AgRPeIF2αA/A) with an AgRP neuron-specific substitution from Ser 51 to Ala in eIF2α, which impairs eIF2α phosphorylation in AgRP neurons. These AgRPeIF2αA/A mice had decreases in starvation-induced AgRP neuronal activity and food intake and an increased responsiveness to leptin. Intriguingly, impairment of eIF2α phosphorylation produced decreases in the starvation-induced expression of UPR and autophagy genes in AgRP neurons. Collectively, these findings suggest that eIF2α phosphorylation regulates AgRP neuronal activity by affecting intracellular responses such as the UPR and autophagy during starvation, thereby participating in the homeostatic control of whole-body energy metabolism. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS This study examines the impact of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation, triggered by an energy deficit, on hypothalamic AgRP neurons and its subsequent influence on whole-body energy homeostasis. Impaired eIF2α phosphorylation diminishes the unfolded protein response and autophagy, both of which are crucial for energy deficit-induced activation of AgRP neurons. This study highlights the significance of eIF2α phosphorylation as a cellular marker indicating the availability of energy in AgRP neurons and as a molecular switch that regulates homeostatic feeding behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Kon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Seo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasol Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Rae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Sungho Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sung Hoon Back
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Basic-Clinical Convergence Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Basic-Clinical Convergence Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Basic-Clinical Convergence Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jovanovic P, Pool AH, Morones N, Wang Y, Novinbakht E, Keshishian N, Jang K, Oka Y, Riera CE. A sex-specific thermogenic neurocircuit induced by predator smell recruiting cholecystokinin neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4937. [PMID: 37582805 PMCID: PMC10427624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory cues are vital for prey animals like rodents to perceive and evade predators. Stress-induced hyperthermia, via brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, boosts physical performance and facilitates escape. However, many aspects of this response, including thermogenic control and sex-specific effects, remain enigmatic. Our study unveils that the predator odor trimethylthiazoline (TMT) elicits BAT thermogenesis, suppresses feeding, and drives glucocorticoid release in female mice. Chemogenetic stimulation of olfactory bulb (OB) mitral cells recapitulates the thermogenic output of this response and associated stress hormone corticosterone release in female mice. Neuronal projections from OB to medial amygdala (MeA) and dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) exhibit female-specific cFos activity toward odors. Cell sorting and single-cell RNA-sequencing of DMH identify cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing neurons as recipients of predator odor cues. Chemogenetic manipulation and neuronal silencing of DMHCCK neurons further implicate these neurons in the propagation of predator odor-associated thermogenesis and food intake suppression, highlighting their role in female stress-induced hyperthermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Jovanovic
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Allan-Hermann Pool
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nancy Morones
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yidan Wang
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Edward Novinbakht
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Nareg Keshishian
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Jang
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yuki Oka
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Celine E Riera
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chu P, Guo W, You H, Lu B. Regulation of Satiety by Bdnf-e2-Expressing Neurons through TrkB Activation in Ventromedial Hypothalamus. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050822. [PMID: 37238691 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcripts for Bdnf (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), driven by different promoters, are expressed in different brain regions to control different body functions. Specific promoter(s) that regulates energy balance remain unclear. We show that disruption of Bdnf promoters I and II but not IV and VI in mice (Bdnf-e1-/-, Bdnf-e2-/-) results in obesity. Whereas Bdnf-e1-/- exhibited impaired thermogenesis, Bdnf-e2-/- showed hyperphagia and reduced satiety before the onset of obesity. The Bdnf-e2 transcripts were primarily expressed in ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), a nucleus known to regulate satiety. Re-expressing Bdnf-e2 transcript in VMH or chemogenetic activation of VMH neurons rescued the hyperphagia and obesity of Bdnf-e2-/- mice. Deletion of BDNF receptor TrkB in VMH neurons in wildtype mice resulted in hyperphagia and obesity, and infusion of TrkB agonistic antibody into VMH of Bdnf-e2-/- mice alleviated these phenotypes. Thus, Bdnf-e2-transcripts in VMH neurons play a key role in regulating energy intake and satiety through TrkB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - He You
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bai Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Centre, 10 Marais Street, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guadilla I, González S, Cerdán S, Lizarbe B, López-Larrubia P. Magnetic resonance imaging to assess the brain response to fasting in glioblastoma-bearing rats as a model of cancer anorexia. Cancer Imaging 2023; 23:36. [PMID: 37038232 PMCID: PMC10088192 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global energy balance is a vital process tightly regulated by the brain that frequently becomes dysregulated during the development of cancer. Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most investigated malignancies, but its appetite-related disorders, like anorexia/cachexia symptoms, remain poorly understood. METHODS We performed manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) and subsequent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in adult male GBM-bearing (n = 13) or control Wistar rats (n = 12). A generalized linear model approach was used to assess the effects of fasting in different brain regions involved in the regulation of the global energy metabolism: cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and thalamus. The regions were selected on the contralateral side in tumor-bearing animals, and on the left hemisphere in control rats. An additional DTI-only experiment was completed in two additional GBM (n = 5) or healthy cohorts (n = 6) to assess the effects of manganese infusion on diffusion measurements. RESULTS MEMRI results showed lower T1 values in the cortex (p-value < 0.001) and thalamus (p-value < 0.05) of the fed ad libitum GBM animals, as compared to the control cohort, consistent with increased Mn2+ accumulation. No MEMRI-detectable differences were reported between fed or fasting rats, either in control or in the GBM group. In the MnCl2-infused cohorts, DTI studies showed no mean diffusivity (MD) variations from the fed to the fasted state in any animal cohort. However, the DTI-only set of acquisitions yielded remarkably decreased MD values after fasting only in the healthy control rats (p-value < 0.001), and in all regions, but thalamus, of GBM compared to control animals in the fed state (p-value < 0.01). Fractional anisotropy (FA) decreased in tumor-bearing rats due to the infiltrate nature of the tumor, which was detected in both diffusion sets, with (p-value < 0.01) and without Mn2+ administration (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that an altered physiological brain response to fasting occurred in hunger related regions in GBM animals, detectable with DTI, but not with MEMRI acquisitions. Furthermore, the present results showed that Mn2+ induces neurotoxic inflammation, which interferes with diffusion MRI to detect appetite-induced responses through MD changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Guadilla
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara González
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastián Cerdán
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Lizarbe
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Larrubia
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Neurotransmitters in Type 2 Diabetes and the Control of Systemic and Central Energy Balance. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030384. [PMID: 36984824 PMCID: PMC10058084 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient signal transduction is important in maintaining the function of the nervous system across tissues. An intact neurotransmission process can regulate energy balance through proper communication between neurons and peripheral organs. This ensures that the right neural circuits are activated in the brain to modulate cellular energy homeostasis and systemic metabolic function. Alterations in neurotransmitters secretion can lead to imbalances in appetite, glucose metabolism, sleep, and thermogenesis. Dysregulation in dietary intake is also associated with disruption in neurotransmission and can trigger the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. In this review, we highlight the various roles of neurotransmitters in regulating energy balance at the systemic level and in the central nervous system. We also address the link between neurotransmission imbalance and the development of T2D as well as perspectives across the fields of neuroscience and metabolism research.
Collapse
|
11
|
Plakkot B, Di Agostino A, Subramanian M. Implications of Hypothalamic Neural Stem Cells on Aging and Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050769. [PMID: 36899905 PMCID: PMC10000584 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus, one of the major regulatory centers in the brain, controls various homeostatic processes, and hypothalamic neural stem cells (htNSCs) have been observed to interfere with hypothalamic mechanisms regulating aging. NSCs play a pivotal role in the repair and regeneration of brain cells during neurodegenerative diseases and rejuvenate the brain tissue microenvironment. The hypothalamus was recently observed to be involved in neuroinflammation mediated by cellular senescence. Cellular senescence, or systemic aging, is characterized by a progressive irreversible state of cell cycle arrest that causes physiological dysregulation in the body and it is evident in many neuroinflammatory conditions, including obesity. Upregulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress due to senescence has the potential to alter the functioning of NSCs. Various studies have substantiated the chances of obesity inducing accelerated aging. Therefore, it is essential to explore the potential effects of htNSC dysregulation in obesity and underlying pathways to develop strategies to address obesity-induced comorbidities associated with brain aging. This review will summarize hypothalamic neurogenesis associated with obesity and prospective NSC-based regenerative therapy for the treatment of obesity-induced cardiovascular conditions.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bodas DS, Maduskar A, Kaniganti T, Wakhloo D, Balasubramanian A, Subhedar N, Ghose A. Convergent Energy State-Dependent Antagonistic Signaling by Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Modulates the Plasticity of Forebrain Neurons to Regulate Feeding in Zebrafish. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1089-1110. [PMID: 36599680 PMCID: PMC9962846 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2426-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic reconfiguration of circuit function subserves the flexibility of innate behaviors tuned to physiological states. Internal energy stores adaptively regulate feeding-associated behaviors and integrate opposing hunger and satiety signals at the level of neural circuits. Across vertebrate lineages, the neuropeptides cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) have potent anorexic and orexic functions, respectively, and show energy-state-dependent expression in interoceptive neurons. However, how the antagonistic activities of these peptides modulate circuit plasticity remains unclear. Using behavioral, neuroanatomical, and activity analysis in adult zebrafish of both sexes, along with pharmacological interventions, we show that CART and NPY activities converge on a population of neurons in the dorsomedial telencephalon (Dm). Although CART facilitates glutamatergic neurotransmission at the Dm, NPY dampens the response to glutamate. In energy-rich states, CART enhances NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function by protein kinase A/protein kinase C (PKA/PKC)-mediated phosphorylation of the NR1 subunit of the NMDAR complex. Conversely, starvation triggers NPY-mediated reduction in phosphorylated NR1 via calcineurin activation and inhibition of cAMP production leading to reduced responsiveness to glutamate. Our data identify convergent integration of CART and NPY inputs by the Dm neurons to generate nutritional state-dependent circuit plasticity that is correlated with the behavioral switch induced by the opposing actions of satiety and hunger signals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Internal energy needs reconfigure neuronal circuits to adaptively regulate feeding behavior. Energy-state-dependent neuropeptide release can signal energy status to feeding-associated circuits and modulate circuit function. CART and NPY are major anorexic and orexic factors, respectively, but the intracellular signaling pathways used by these peptides to alter circuit function remain uncharacterized. We show that CART and NPY-expressing neurons from energy-state interoceptive areas project to a novel telencephalic region, Dm, in adult zebrafish. CART increases the excitability of Dm neurons, whereas NPY opposes CART activity. Antagonistic signaling by CART and NPY converge onto NMDA-receptor function to modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission. Thus, opposing activities of anorexic CART and orexic NPY reconfigure circuit function to generate flexibility in feeding behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devika S Bodas
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Pune 411008, India
| | - Aditi Maduskar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Pune 411008, India
| | - Tarun Kaniganti
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Pune 411008, India
| | - Debia Wakhloo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Pune 411008, India
| | | | - Nishikant Subhedar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Pune 411008, India
| | - Aurnab Ghose
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meng JJ, Shen JW, Li G, Ouyang CJ, Hu JX, Li ZS, Zhao H, Shi YM, Zhang M, Liu R, Chen JT, Ma YQ, Zhao H, Xue T. Light modulates glucose metabolism by a retina-hypothalamus-brown adipose tissue axis. Cell 2023; 186:398-412.e17. [PMID: 36669474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Public health studies indicate that artificial light is a high-risk factor for metabolic disorders. However, the neural mechanism underlying metabolic modulation by light remains elusive. Here, we found that light can acutely decrease glucose tolerance (GT) in mice by activation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) innervating the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON). Vasopressin neurons in the SON project to the paraventricular nucleus, then to the GABAergic neurons in the solitary tract nucleus, and eventually to brown adipose tissue (BAT). Light activation of this neural circuit directly blocks adaptive thermogenesis in BAT, thereby decreasing GT. In humans, light also modulates GT at the temperature where BAT is active. Thus, our work unveils a retina-SON-BAT axis that mediates the effect of light on glucose metabolism, which may explain the connection between artificial light and metabolic dysregulation, suggesting a potential prevention and treatment strategy for managing glucose metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Meng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang-Jie Ouyang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jia-Xi Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Shuo Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi-Ming Shi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ju-Tao Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Qian Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- College of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fischer-Schulte LH, Peng KP. Migraine prodromes and migraine triggers. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 198:135-148. [PMID: 38043958 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823356-6.00014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is characterized by a well-defined premonitory phase occurring hours or even days before the headache. Also, many migraineurs report typical triggers for their headaches. Triggers, however, are not consistent in their ability to precipitate migraine headaches. When looking at the clinical characteristics of both premonitory symptoms and triggers, a shared pathophysiological basis seems evident. Both seem to have their origin in basic homeostatic networks such as the feeding/fasting, the sleeping/waking, and the stress response network, all of which strongly rely on the hypothalamus as a hub of integration and are densely interconnected. They also influence the trigeminal pain processing system. Additionally, thalamic and hormonal mechanisms are involved. Activity within all those networks is influenced by various endogenous and external factors and might even cyclically change dependent on physiological internal rhythms. This might affect the threshold for the generation of migraine headaches. Premonitory symptoms thus appear as the result of an already ongoing alteration within those networks, whereas triggers might in this special situation only be able to further stress the system over the threshold for attack generation as catalysts of a process already in motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Fischer-Schulte
- Clinic and Policlinic of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kuan-Po Peng
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Iwasa T, Noguchi H, Aoki H, Tamura K, Maeda T, Takeda A, Uchishiba M, Arakaki R, Minato S, Kamada S, Yamamoto S, Imaizumi J, Kagawa T, Yoshida A, Fukui R, Daizumoto K, Kon M, Shinohara N, Yoshida K, Yamamoto Y. Effects of undernutrition and low energy availability on reproductive functions and their underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms. Endocr J 2022; 69:1363-1372. [PMID: 36372440 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that undernutrition and low energy availability disturb female reproductive functions in humans and many animal species. These reproductive dysfunctions are mainly caused by alterations of some hypothalamic factors, and consequent reduction of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Evidence from literature suggests that increased activity of orexigenic factors and decreased activity of anorexigenic/satiety-related factors in undernourished conditions attenuate GnRH secretion in an integrated manner. Likewise, the activity of kisspeptin neurons, which is a potent stimulator of GnRH, is also reduced in undernourished conditions. In addition, it has been suggested that gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone, which has anti-GnRH and gonadotrophic effects, may be involved in reproductive dysfunctions under several kinds of stress conditions. It should be remembered that these alterations, i.e., promotion of feeding behavior and temporary suppression of reproductive functions, are induced to prioritize the survival of individual over that of species, and that improvements in metabolic and nutritional conditions should be considered with the highest priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hidenori Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kou Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takaaki Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Asuka Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Maimi Uchishiba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Arakaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Saki Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Junki Imaizumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Rijin Fukui
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tokushima Municipal Hospital, Tokushima 770-0812, Japan
| | - Kei Daizumoto
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kon
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Herrera Moro Chao D, Kirchner MK, Pham C, Foppen E, Denis RGP, Castel J, Morel C, Montalban E, Hassouna R, Bui LC, Renault J, Mouffle C, García-Cáceres C, Tschöp MH, Li D, Martin C, Stern JE, Luquet SH. Hypothalamic astrocytes control systemic glucose metabolism and energy balance. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1532-1547.e6. [PMID: 36198294 PMCID: PMC9615252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is key in the control of energy balance. However, strategies targeting hypothalamic neurons have failed to provide viable options to treat most metabolic diseases. Conversely, the role of astrocytes in systemic metabolic control has remained largely unexplored. Here, we show that obesity promotes anatomically restricted remodeling of hypothalamic astrocyte activity. In the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, chemogenetic manipulation of astrocytes results in bidirectional control of neighboring neuron activity, autonomic outflow, glucose metabolism, and energy balance. This process recruits a mechanism involving the astrocytic control of ambient glutamate levels, which becomes defective in obesity. Positive or negative chemogenetic manipulation of PVN astrocyte Ca2+ signals, respectively, worsens or improves metabolic status of diet-induced obese mice. Collectively, these findings highlight a yet unappreciated role for astrocytes in the direct control of systemic metabolism and suggest potential targets for anti-obesity strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew K Kirchner
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Cuong Pham
- Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, Sorbonne Universite, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Raphael G P Denis
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France; Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Chloe Morel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Enrica Montalban
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Rim Hassouna
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Linh-Chi Bui
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Justine Renault
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Christine Mouffle
- Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, Sorbonne Universite, Paris 75005, France
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, 80333, Germany; Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Dongdong Li
- Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, Sorbonne Universite, Paris 75005, France
| | - Claire Martin
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Javier E Stern
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Serge H Luquet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang J, Hao Y, Lai K, Lyu L, Yuan X, Yang G, Li W, Sun C. Neurosecretory protein GL in GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): cDNA cloning, tissue distribution and effects of feeding on its expression. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 327:114096. [PMID: 35841941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), a novel neuropeptide, has been identified in the hypothalamus of chicks and rodents. NPGL plays a crucial role in monitoring energetic status via the regulation of feeding and metabolism. However, no study on NPGL has been reported in fish thus far. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of NPGL was identified from the hypothalamus of GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The ORF of tilapia NPGL is 471 bp and encodes a precursor peptide with a size of 156 a.a, consisting of a 26 a.a signal peptide and an 82 a.a mature peptide. Tissue distribution profiles of npgl in tilapia were acquired using semiquantitative PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH). The results showed that the highest npgl mRNA is expressed in the telencephalic-preoptic complex, which comprises both the telencephalon and the anterior preoptic area (POA) of male tilapia, and in the ovary of female tilapia. In addition, in male tilapia, the ISH results showed that the cells containing npgl mRNA were distributed exclusively in the anterior periventricular pretectal nucleus (Ppa) of the POA. FISH results demonstrated that npgl mRNA is also expressed in the lateral tuberal nucleus of the hypothalamus (NLT). Real-time PCR showed that npgl mRNA significantly increased in the telencephalic-preoptic complex of male tilapia that were fasted for 24 h and then fed a full diet for 20 min compared with the unfed group. Results of the FISH study showed that parvocellular cells containing npgl mRNA in the Ppa of fed fish were apparently more abundant than those of the unfed group. Few npgl positive signals also appeared in the NLT after full feeding, where pomc mRNA is highly expressed. These results indicate that NPGL may be a short-term satiety factor in fish and that the coexpression of NPGL and POMC may be present in the hypothalamus of male tilapia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yuchen Hao
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Kingwai Lai
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Likang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Guokun Yang
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Wensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Caiyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Katz A, Gonen M, Shahar Y, Roichman A, Lerrer B, Cohen HY. Hypothalamus–Muscle Parallel Induction of Metabolic Pathways Following Physical Exercise. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:897005. [PMID: 35928013 PMCID: PMC9344923 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.897005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern lifestyle requires less physical activity and skills during our daily routine, leading to multiple pathologies related to physical disabilities and energy accessibility. Thus, exploring the mechanisms underlying the metabolic regulation of exercise is crucial. Here, we characterized the effect of forced and voluntary endurance exercises on three key metabolic signaling pathways, sirtuins, AMPK, and mTOR, across several metabolic tissues in mice: brain, muscles, and liver. Both voluntary and forced exercises induced AMPK with higher intensity in the first. The comparison between those metabolic tissues revealed that the hypothalamus and the hippocampus, two brain parts, showed different metabolic signaling activities. Strikingly, despite the major differences in the physiology of muscles and hypothalamic tissues, the hypothalamus replicates the metabolic response of the muscle in response to physical exercise. Specifically, muscles and hypothalamic tissues showed an increase and a decrease in AMPK and mTOR signaling, respectively. Overall, this study reveals new insight into the relation between the hypothalamus and muscles, which enhances the coordination within the muscle–brain axis and potentially improves the systemic response to physical activity performance and delaying health inactivity disorders.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee TH, Cota D, Quarta C. Yin-Yang control of energy balance by lipids in the hypothalamus: The endocannabinoids vs bile acids case. Biochimie 2022:S0300-9084(22)00182-1. [PMID: 35863558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and debilitating disorder that originates from alterations in energy-sensing brain circuits controlling body weight gain and food intake. The dysregulated syntheses and actions of lipid mediators in the hypothalamus induce weight gain and overfeeding, but the molecular and cellular underpinnings of these alterations remain elusive. In response to changes in the nutritional status, different lipid sensing pathways in the hypothalamus direct body energy needs in a Yin-Yang model. Endocannabinoids orchestrate the crosstalk between hypothalamic circuits and the sympathetic nervous system to promote food intake and energy accumulation during fasting, whereas bile acids act on the same top-down axis to reduce energy intake and possibly storage after the meal. In obesity, the bioavailability and downstream cellular actions of endocannabinoids and bile acids are altered in hypothalamic neurons involved in body weight and metabolic control. Thus, the onset and progression of this disease might result from an imbalance in hypothalamic sensing of multiple lipid signals, which are possibly integrated by common molecular nodes. In this viewpoint, we discuss a possible model that explains how bile acids and endocannabinoids may exert their effects on energy balance regulation via interconnected mechanisms at the level of the hypothalamic neuronal circuits. Therefore, we propose a new conceptual framework for understanding and treating central mechanisms of maladaptive lipid action in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Lee
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chadwick SR, Güler AD. Local Drd1-neurons input to subgroups of arcuate AgRP/NPY-neurons. iScience 2022; 25:104605. [PMID: 35789850 PMCID: PMC9250019 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic afflicting more than 300 million people worldwide, driven by consumption of calorically dense and highly rewarding foods. Dopamine (DA) signaling has been implicated in neural responses to highly palatable nutrients, but the exact mechanisms through which DA modulates homeostatic feeding circuits remains unknown. A subpopulation of arcuate (ARC) agouti-related peptide (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) (ARCAgRP/NPY+) neurons express the D(1A) dopamine receptor (Drd1) and are stimulated by DA, suggesting one potential avenue for dopaminergic regulation of food intake. Using patch clamp electrophysiology, we evaluated the responses of ARC Drd1-expressing (ARCDrd1+) neurons to overnight fasting and leptin. Collectively, ARCDrd1+ neurons were less responsive to caloric deficit than ARCAgRP/NPY+ neurons; however, ARCDrd1+ neurons were inhibited by the satiety hormone leptin. Using Channelrhodopsin-2-Assisted Circuit Mapping, we identified novel subgroups of ARCDrd1+ neurons that inhibit or excite ARCAgRP/NPY+ neurons. These findings suggest dopamine receptive neurons have multimodal actions in food intake circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R. Chadwick
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience and the Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Ali D. Güler
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience and the Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Noseda R. Cerebro-Cerebellar Networks in Migraine Symptoms and Headache. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:940923. [PMID: 35910262 PMCID: PMC9326053 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.940923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is associated with the biology of migraine in a variety of ways. Clinically, symptoms such as fatigue, motor weakness, vertigo, dizziness, difficulty concentrating and finding words, nausea, and visual disturbances are common in different types of migraine. The neural basis of these symptoms is complex, not completely known, and likely involve activation of both specific and shared circuits throughout the brain. Posterior circulation stroke, or neurosurgical removal of posterior fossa tumors, as well as anatomical tract tracing in animals, provided the first insights to theorize about cerebellar functions. Nowadays, with the addition of functional imaging, much progress has been done on cerebellar structure and function in health and disease, and, as a consequence, the theories refined. Accordingly, the cerebellum may be useful but not necessary for the execution of motor, sensory or cognitive tasks, but, rather, would participate as an efficiency facilitator of neurologic functions by improving speed and skill in performance of tasks produced by the cerebral area to which it is reciprocally connected. At the subcortical level, critical regions in these processes are the basal ganglia and thalamic nuclei. Altogether, a modulatory role of the cerebellum over multiple brain regions appears compelling, mainly by considering the complexity of its reciprocal connections to common neural networks involved in motor, vestibular, cognitive, affective, sensory, and autonomic processing—all functions affected at different phases and degrees across the migraine spectrum. Despite the many associations between cerebellum and migraine, it is not known whether this structure contributes to migraine initiation, symptoms generation or headache. Specific cerebellar dysfunction via genetically driven excitatory/inhibitory imbalances, oligemia and/or increased risk to white matter lesions has been proposed as a critical contributor to migraine pathogenesis. Therefore, given that neural projections and functions of many brainstem, midbrain and forebrain areas are shared between the cerebellum and migraine trigeminovascular pathways, this review will provide a synopsis on cerebellar structure and function, its role in trigeminal pain, and an updated overview of relevant clinical and preclinical literature on the potential role of cerebellar networks in migraine pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Noseda
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo Noseda
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dumont C, Li G, Castel J, Luquet S, Gangarossa G. Hindbrain catecholaminergic inputs to the paraventricular thalamus scale feeding and metabolic efficiency in stress-related contexts. J Physiol 2022; 600:2877-2895. [PMID: 35648134 DOI: 10.1113/jp282996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of food intake and energy balance relies on the dynamic integration of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals monitoring nutritional, metabolic, cognitive, and emotional states. The paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is a central hub that, by integrating sensory, metabolic, and emotional states, may contribute to the regulation of feeding and homeostatic/allostatic processes. However, the underlying PVT circuits still remain elusive. Here, we aimed at unravelling the role of catecholaminergic (CA) inputs to the PVT in scaling feeding and metabolic efficiency. First, using region-specific retrograde disruption of CA projections, we show that PVT CA inputs mainly arise from the hindbrain, notably the locus coeruleus (LC) and the nucleus tractus solitarius. Second, taking advantage of integrative calorimetric measurements of metabolic efficiency, we reveal that CA inputs to the PVT scale adaptive feeding and metabolic responses in environmental, behavioural, physiological, and metabolic stress-like contexts. Third, we show that hindbrainTH →PVT inputs contribute to modulating the activity of PVT as well as lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamic neurons. In conclusion, the present study, by assessing the key role of CA inputs to the PVT in scaling homeostatic/allostatic regulations of feeding patterns, reveals the integrative and converging hindbrainTH →PVT paths that contribute to whole-body metabolic adaptations in stress-like contexts. KEY POINTS: The paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is known to receive projections from the hindbrain. Here, we confirm and further extend current knowledge on the existence of hindbrainTH →PVT catecholaminergic inputs, notably from the locus coeruleus and the nucleus tractus solitarius, with the nucleus tractus solitarius representing the main source. Disruption of hindbrainTH →PVT inputs contributes to the modulation of PVT neuron activity. HindbrainTH →PVT inputs scale feeding strategies in environmental, behavioural, physiological, and metabolic stress-like contexts. HindbrainTH →PVT inputs participate in regulating metabolic efficiency and nutrient partitioning in stress-like contexts. HindbrainTH →PVT inputs, directly and/or indirectly, contribute to modulating the downstream activity of lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Dumont
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Guangping Li
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fernández‐Arjona MDM, León‐Rodríguez A, Grondona JM, López‐Ávalos MD. Long-term priming of hypothalamic microglia is associated with energy balance disturbances under diet-induced obesity. Glia 2022; 70:1734-1761. [PMID: 35603807 PMCID: PMC9540536 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of microglia to an inflammatory environment may lead to their priming and exacerbated response to future inflammatory stimuli. Here we aimed to explore hypothalamic microglia priming and its consequences on energy balance regulation. A model of intracerebroventricular administration of neuraminidase (NA, which is present in various pathogens such as influenza virus) was used to induce acute neuroinflammation. Evidences of primed microglia were observed 3 months after NA injection, namely (1) a heightened response of microglia located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus after an in vivo inflammatory challenge (high fat diet [HFD] feeding for 10 days), and (2) an enhanced response of microglia isolated from NA‐treated mice and challenged in vitro to LPS. On the other hand, the consequences of a previous NA‐induced neuroinflammation were further evaluated in an alternative inflammatory and hypercaloric scenario, such as the obesity generated by continued HDF feeding. Compared with sham‐injected mice, NA‐treated mice showed increased food intake and, surprisingly, reduced body weight. Besides, NA‐treated mice had enhanced microgliosis (evidenced by increased number and reactive morphology of microglia) and a reduced population of POMC neurons in the basal hypothalamus. Thus, a single acute neuroinflammatory event may elicit a sustained state of priming in microglial cells, and in particular those located in the hypothalamus, with consequences in hypothalamic cytoarchitecture and its regulatory function upon nutritional challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Fernández‐Arjona
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Grupo de investigación en Neuropsicofarmacología, Laboratorio de Medicina RegenerativaHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Ana León‐Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Málaga, Campus de TeatinosMálagaSpain
| | - Jesús M. Grondona
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Málaga, Campus de TeatinosMálagaSpain
| | - María D. López‐Ávalos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Málaga, Campus de TeatinosMálagaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim YJ, Kang D, Yang HR, Park BS, Tu TH, Jeong B, Lee BJ, Kim JK, Kim JG. Metabolic Profiling of the Hypothalamus of Mice during Short-Term Food Deprivation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050407. [PMID: 35629911 PMCID: PMC9144291 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient availability and utilization in hypothalamic cells are directly associated with the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. Thus, establishing metabolic profiling in the hypothalamus in response to metabolic shift is valuable to better understand the underlying mechanism of appetite regulation. In the present study, we evaluate the alteration of lipophilic and hydrophilic metabolites in both the hypothalamus and serum of fasted mice. Fasted mice displayed an elevated ketone body and decreased lactate levels in the hypothalamus. In support of the metabolite data, we further confirmed that short-term food deprivation resulted in the altered expression of genes involved in cellular metabolic processes, including the shuttling of fuel sources and the production of monocarboxylates in hypothalamic astrocytes. Overall, the current study provides useful information to close the gap in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying hypothalamic control of whole-body energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (H.R.Y.); (B.S.P.); (T.H.T.)
| | - Dasol Kang
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea; (D.K.); (B.J.); (B.J.L.)
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (H.R.Y.); (B.S.P.); (T.H.T.)
| | - Byong Seo Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (H.R.Y.); (B.S.P.); (T.H.T.)
| | - Thai Hien Tu
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (H.R.Y.); (B.S.P.); (T.H.T.)
| | - Bora Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea; (D.K.); (B.J.); (B.J.L.)
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea; (D.K.); (B.J.); (B.J.L.)
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (H.R.Y.); (B.S.P.); (T.H.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.K.); (J.G.K.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8241 (J.K.K.); +82-32-835-8256 (J.G.K.)
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (H.R.Y.); (B.S.P.); (T.H.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.K.); (J.G.K.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8241 (J.K.K.); +82-32-835-8256 (J.G.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rossetti C, Cherix A, Guiraud LF, Cardinaux JR. New Insights Into the Pivotal Role of CREB-Regulated Transcription Coactivator 1 in Depression and Comorbid Obesity. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:810641. [PMID: 35242012 PMCID: PMC8886117 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.810641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and obesity are major public health concerns, and there is mounting evidence that they share etiopathophysiological mechanisms. The neurobiological pathways involved in both mood and energy balance regulation are complex, multifactorial and still incompletely understood. As a coactivator of the pleiotropic transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) has recently emerged as a novel regulator of neuronal plasticity and brain functions, while CRTC1 dysfunction has been associated with neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. This review focuses on recent evidence emphasizing the critical role of CRTC1 in the neurobiology of depression and comorbid obesity. We discuss the role of CRTC1 downregulation in mediating chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors, and antidepressant response in the light of the previously characterized Crtc1 knockout mouse model of depression. The putative role of CRTC1 in the alteration of brain energy homeostasis observed in depression is also discussed. Finally, we highlight rodent and human studies supporting the critical involvement of CRTC1 in depression-associated obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Rossetti
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Cherix
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia F. Guiraud
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-René Cardinaux
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Jean-René Cardinaux,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Iwasa T, Yamamoto Y, Noguchi H, Takeda A, Minato S, Kamada S, Imaizumi J, Kagawa T, Yoshida A, Kawakita T, Yoshida K. Neuroendocrine mechanisms of reproductive dysfunctions in undernourished condition. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:568-575. [PMID: 34979587 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that undernourished conditions disturb female reproductive functions in many species, including humans. These alterations are mainly caused by a reduction in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus. Evidence from the literature suggests that some hypothalamic factors play pivotal roles in the coordination of reproductive functions and energy homeostasis in response to environmental cues and internal nutritional status. Generally, anorexigenic/satiety-related factors, such as leptin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and proopiomelanocortin, promote GnRH secretion, whereas orexigenic factors, such as neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, orexin, and ghrelin, attenuate GnRH secretion. Conversely, gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone, which exerts anti-GnRH and gonadotrophic effects, promotes feeding behavior in many species. In addition, the activity of kisspeptin, which is a potent stimulator of GnRH, is reduced by undernourished conditions. Under normal nutritional conditions, these factors are coordinated to maintain both feeding behavior and reproductive functions. However, in undernourished conditions their activity levels are markedly altered to promote feeding behavior and temporarily suppress reproductive functions, in order to prioritize the survival of the individual over that of the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asuka Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Saki Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junki Imaizumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takako Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Iwasa T, Minato S, Imaizumi J, Yoshida A, Kawakita T, Yoshida K, Yamamoto Y. Effects of low energy availability on female reproductive function. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 21:e12414. [PMID: 34934398 PMCID: PMC8656184 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that metabolic and nutritional disturbances induce reproductive dysfunction in females. The main cause of these alterations is reduced gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus, and the underlying mechanisms have gradually been elucidated. Methods The present review summarizes current knowledge about the effects of nutrition/metabolism on reproductive functions, especially focusing on the GnRH regulation system. Main findings Various central and peripheral factors are involved in the regulation of GnRH secretion, and alterations in their activity combine to affect GnRH neurons. Satiety‐related factors, i.e., leptin, insulin, and alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone, directly and indirectly stimulate GnRH secretion, whereas orexigenic factors, i.e., neuropeptide Y, Agouti‐related protein, orexin, and ghrelin, attenuate GnRH secretion. In addition, kisspeptin, which is a potent positive regulator of GnRH, expression is reduced by metabolic and nutritional disturbances. Conclusion These neuroendocrine systems may be defensive mechanisms, which help organisms to survive adverse conditions by temporarily suppressing reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Saki Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Junki Imaizumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Takako Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dou Z, Son JE, Hui CC. Irx3 and Irx5 - Novel Regulatory Factors of Postnatal Hypothalamic Neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:763856. [PMID: 34795556 PMCID: PMC8593166 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.763856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a brain region that exhibits highly conserved anatomy across vertebrate species and functions as a central regulatory hub for many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis and circadian rhythm. Neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus are largely responsible for sensing of peripheral signals such as leptin and insulin, and are critical for the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. While these neurons are mainly born during embryogenesis, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that neurogenesis also occurs in postnatal-adult mouse hypothalamus, particularly in the first two postnatal weeks. This second wave of active neurogenesis contributes to the remodeling of hypothalamic neuronal populations and regulation of energy homeostasis including hypothalamic leptin sensing. Radial glia cell types, such as tanycytes, are known to act as neuronal progenitors in the postnatal mouse hypothalamus. Our recent study unveiled a previously unreported radial glia-like neural stem cell (RGL-NSC) population that actively contributes to neurogenesis in the postnatal mouse hypothalamus. We also identified Irx3 and Irx5, which encode Iroquois homeodomain-containing transcription factors, as genetic determinants regulating the neurogenic property of these RGL-NSCs. These findings are significant as IRX3 and IRX5 have been implicated in FTO-associated obesity in humans, illustrating the importance of postnatal hypothalamic neurogenesis in energy homeostasis and obesity. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding postnatal-adult hypothalamic neurogenesis and highlight recent findings on the radial glia-like cells that contribute to the remodeling of postnatal mouse hypothalamus. We will discuss characteristics of the RGL-NSCs and potential actions of Irx3 and Irx5 in the regulation of neural stem cells in the postnatal-adult mouse brain. Understanding the behavior and regulation of neural stem cells in the postnatal-adult hypothalamus will provide novel mechanistic insights in the control of hypothalamic remodeling and energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Dou
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joe Eun Son
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chi-chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chatterjee O, Gopalakrishnan L, Mol P, Advani J, Nair B, Shankar SK, Mahadevan A, Prasad TSK. The Normal Human Adult Hypothalamus Proteomic Landscape: Rise of Neuroproteomics in Biological Psychiatry and Systems Biology. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:693-710. [PMID: 34714154 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The human hypothalamus is central to the regulation of neuroendocrine and neurovegetative systems, as well as modulation of chronobiology and behavioral aspects in human health and disease. Surprisingly, a deep proteomic analysis of the normal human hypothalamic proteome has been missing for such an important organ so far. In this study, we delineated the human hypothalamus proteome using a high-resolution mass spectrometry approach which resulted in the identification of 5349 proteins, while a multiple post-translational modification (PTM) search identified 191 additional proteins, which were missed in the first search. A proteogenomic analysis resulted in the discovery of multiple novel protein-coding regions as we identified proteins from noncoding regions (pseudogenes) and proteins translated from short open reading frames that can be missed using the traditional pipeline of prediction of protein-coding genes as a part of genome annotation. We also identified several PTMs of hypothalamic proteins that may be required for normal hypothalamic functions. Moreover, we observed an enrichment of proteins pertaining to autophagy and adult neurogenesis in the proteome data. We believe that the hypothalamic proteome reported herein would help to decipher the molecular basis for the diverse range of physiological functions attributed to it, as well as its role in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Extensive proteomic profiling of the hypothalamic nuclei would further elaborate on the role and functional characterization of several hypothalamus-specific proteins and pathways to inform future research and clinical discoveries in biological psychiatry, neurology, and system biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oishi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Lathika Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Praseeda Mol
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, India
| | | | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, India
| | - Susarla Krishna Shankar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Astrocyte Gliotransmission in the Regulation of Systemic Metabolism. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110732. [PMID: 34822390 PMCID: PMC8623475 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal brain function highly relies on the appropriate functioning of astrocytes. These glial cells are strategically situated between blood vessels and neurons, provide significant substrate support to neuronal demand, and are sensitive to neuronal activity and energy-related molecules. Astrocytes respond to many metabolic conditions and regulate a wide array of physiological processes, including cerebral vascular remodeling, glucose sensing, feeding, and circadian rhythms for the control of systemic metabolism and behavior-related responses. This regulation ultimately elicits counterregulatory mechanisms in order to couple whole-body energy availability with brain function. Therefore, understanding the role of astrocyte crosstalk with neighboring cells via the release of molecules, e.g., gliotransmitters, into the parenchyma in response to metabolic and neuronal cues is of fundamental relevance to elucidate the distinct roles of these glial cells in the neuroendocrine control of metabolism. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying astrocyte-released gliotransmitters that have been reported to be crucial for maintaining homeostatic regulation of systemic metabolism.
Collapse
|
31
|
Saucisse N, Mazier W, Simon V, Binder E, Catania C, Bellocchio L, Romanov RA, Léon S, Matias I, Zizzari P, Quarta C, Cannich A, Meece K, Gonzales D, Clark S, Becker JM, Yeo GSH, Fioramonti X, Merkle FT, Wardlaw SL, Harkany T, Massa F, Marsicano G, Cota D. Functional heterogeneity of POMC neurons relies on mTORC1 signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109800. [PMID: 34644574 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are known to trigger satiety. However, these neuronal cells encompass heterogeneous subpopulations that release γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, or both neurotransmitters, whose functions are poorly defined. Using conditional mutagenesis and chemogenetics, we show that blockade of the energy sensor mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in POMC neurons causes hyperphagia by mimicking a cellular negative energy state. This is associated with decreased POMC-derived anorexigenic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and recruitment of POMC/GABAergic neurotransmission, which is restrained by cannabinoid type 1 receptor signaling. Electrophysiology and optogenetic studies further reveal that pharmacological blockade of mTORC1 simultaneously activates POMC/GABAergic neurons and inhibits POMC/glutamatergic ones, implying that the functional specificity of these subpopulations relies on mTORC1 activity. Finally, POMC neurons with different neurotransmitter profiles possess specific molecular signatures and spatial distribution. Altogether, these findings suggest that mTORC1 orchestrates the activity of distinct POMC neurons subpopulations to regulate feeding behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Saucisse
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wilfrid Mazier
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Simon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elke Binder
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Caterina Catania
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Roman A Romanov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphane Léon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Matias
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Zizzari
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kana Meece
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Delphine Gonzales
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Samantha Clark
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julia M Becker
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- NutriNeuro, UMR 1286 INRAE, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux INP, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Florian T Merkle
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sharon L Wardlaw
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Massa
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP, Donato J. Rolling out physical exercise and energy homeostasis: Focus on hypothalamic circuitries. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100944. [PMID: 34425188 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Energy balance is the fine regulation of energy expenditure and energy intake. Negative energy balance causes body weight loss, while positive energy balance promotes weight gain. Modern societies offer a maladapted way of life, where easy access to palatable foods and the lack of opportunities to perform physical activity are considered the roots of the obesity pandemic. Physical exercise increases energy expenditure and, consequently, is supposed to promote weight loss. Paradoxically, physical exercise acutely drives anorexigenic-like effects, but the mechanisms are still poorly understood. Using an evolutionary background, this review aims to highlight the potential involvement of the melanocortin system and other hypothalamic neural circuitries regulating energy balance during and after physical exercise. The physiological significance of these changes will be explored, and possible signalling agents will be addressed. The knowledge discussed here might be important for clarifying obesity aetiology as well as new therapeutic approaches for body weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kaneko K. Appetite regulation by plant-derived bioactive peptides for promoting health. Peptides 2021; 144:170608. [PMID: 34265369 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Appetite is closely regulated not only by gut hormonal and neuronal peptides but also by exogenous peptides derived from food proteins. Food proteins are now recognized to contain many thousands of bioactive compounds that provide additional health benefits beyond their nutritional effects. Bioactive peptides are beneficial to the life and/or to regulate physiological functions. Although animal protein products have been widely applied in the food industry, exploring the possibilities of developing functional foods based on plant protein-derived peptides is considered attractive for achieving sustainable development goals. In addition, peptides from plant proteins have the potential to treat numerous diseases or risk factors and may therefore facilitate a healthy life expectancy. In this review, we discuss the identified plant-based bioactive peptides and their appetite regulating effects. Plant-based bioactive peptides may provide new opportunities to discover novel approaches that can improve and prevent diseases in a sustainable environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kaneko
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pozzi R, Fernandes L, Cavalcante da Silva V, D'Almeida V. Nandrolone decanoate and resistance exercise affect body composition and energy metabolism. Steroids 2021; 174:108899. [PMID: 34358557 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the independent and associated effects of nandrolone decanoate (DECA) and resistance exercise (REx) on central and peripheral hormones and neuropeptides related to energy balance in male rats. The experimental protocol was performed for eight weeks and comprised four groups: control (C) - exposed to vehicle 3x/wk; trained (T) - REx 5x/wk and vehicle 3x/wk; decanoate (D) - exposed to DECA (5 mg/kg) 3x/wk, and REx with DECA (TD) - submitted to REx 5x/wk and DECA (5 mg/kg) 3x/wk. Cross-sectional area analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle was higher in the T and TD groups compared to the C group. Biometrical analyses showed a decrease in body weight only in the TD compared to the C group, however, a reduction in total fat mass was observed in both the T and TD when compared to the C group. In respect of hypothalamic mRNA expression, there was an increase in prepro-orexin in the T compared to the C group. In mesenteric fat there was a decrease in leptin expression in the T and TD compared to the C group. Plasma evaluations showed reduced leptin concentrations in D, T and TD compared to C, and an increase in orexin-A in the D group compared to the C and T groups. Our data showed that REx was related to central and peripheral changes in energy metabolism, while DECA changed only peripheral components. REx associated with DECA promoted peripheral changes in energy metabolism and decreased body and fat weights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Pozzi
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Fernandes
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang Q, Zhang L, Huang Y, Ma P, Mao B, Ding YQ, Song NN. Satb2 regulates the development of dopaminergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus by Dlx1. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:879. [PMID: 34564702 PMCID: PMC8464595 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus play essential roles in the secretion of prolactin and the regulation of energy homeostasis. However, the gene regulatory network responsible for the development of the DA neurons remains poorly understood. Here we report that the transcription factor special AT-rich binding protein 2 (Satb2) is required for the development of ARC DA neurons. Satb2 is expressed in a large proportion of DA neurons without colocalization with proopiomelanocortin (POMC), orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP), neuropeptide-Y (NPY), somatostatin (Sst), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), or galanin in the ARC. Nestin-Cre;Satb2flox/flox (Satb2 CKO) mice show a reduced number of ARC DA neurons with unchanged numbers of the other types of ARC neurons, and exhibit an increase of serum prolactin level and an elevated metabolic rate. The reduction of ARC DA neurons in the CKO mice is observed at an embryonic stage and Dlx1 is identified as a potential downstream gene of Satb2 in regulating the development of ARC DA neurons. Together, our study demonstrates that Satb2 plays a critical role in the gene regulatory network directing the development of DA neurons in ARC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Ning Song
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhou B, Yuan Y, Shi L, Hu S, Wang D, Yang Y, Pan Y, Kong D, Shikov AN, Duez P, Jin M, Li X, Hu X. Creation of an Anti-Inflammatory, Leptin-Dependent Anti-Obesity Celastrol Mimic with Better Druggability. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:705252. [PMID: 34526895 PMCID: PMC8435713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.705252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive body mass, but is also closely associated with metabolic syndrome. And, so far, only limited pharmacological treatments are available for obesity management. Celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid from a traditional Chinese medicine (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.), has shown remarkable potency against obesity, inflammation and cancer, but its high toxicity, low natural abundance and tedious chemical synthesis hindered its translation into clinics. In the present work, a triterpenoid library was screened for compounds with both high natural abundance and structural similarity to celastrol; from this library, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a compound present in extremely high yields in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC., was selected as a possible scaffold for a celastrol mimic active against obesity. A simple chemical modification of GA resulted in GA-02, a derivative that suppressed 68% of food intake in diet-induced obesity mice and led to 26.4% weight loss in 2 weeks. GA-02 plays a role in obesity treatment by re-activating leptin signaling and reducing systemic and, more importantly, hypothalamic inflammation. GA-02 was readily bioavailable with unnoticeable in vitro and in vivo toxicities. The strategy of scaffold search and modification on the basis of bio-content and structural similarity has proved to be a green, economic, efficient and practical way of widening the medicinal applications of “imperfect” bioactive natural compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Le Shi
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexander N Shikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Formulations, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Moonsoo Jin
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebo Hu
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Energy homeostasis deregulation is attenuated by TUDCA treatment in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease mice model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18114. [PMID: 34518585 PMCID: PMC8437965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. While cognitive deficits remain the major manifestation of AD, metabolic and non-cognitive abnormalities, such as alterations in food intake, body weight and energy balance are also present, both in AD patients and animal models. In this sense, the tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) has shown beneficial effects both in reducing the central and cognitive markers of AD, as well as in attenuating the metabolic disorders associated with it. We previously demonstrated that TUDCA improves glucose homeostasis and decreases the main AD neuromarkers in the streptozotocin-induced AD mouse model (Stz). Besides that, TUDCA-treated Stz mice showed lower body weight and adiposity. Here, we investigated the actions of TUDCA involved in the regulation of body weight and adiposity in Stz mice, since the effects of TUDCA in hypothalamic appetite control and energy homeostasis have not yet been explored in an AD mice model. The TUDCA-treated mice (Stz + TUDCA) displayed lower food intake, higher energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient. In addition, we observed in the hypothalamus of the Stz + TUDCA mice reduced fluorescence and gene expression of inflammatory markers, as well as normalization of the orexigenic neuropeptides AgRP and NPY expression. Moreover, leptin-induced p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 signaling in the hypothalamus of Stz + TUDCA mice was improved, accompanied by reduced acute food intake after leptin stimulation. Taken together, we demonstrate that TUDCA treatment restores energy metabolism in Stz mice, a phenomenon that is associated with reduced food intake, increased EE and improved hypothalamic leptin signaling. These findings suggest treatment with TUDCA as a promising therapeutic intervention for the control of energy homeostasis in AD individuals.
Collapse
|
38
|
Castellanos-Jankiewicz A, Guzmán-Quevedo O, Fénelon VS, Zizzari P, Quarta C, Bellocchio L, Tailleux A, Charton J, Fernandois D, Henricsson M, Piveteau C, Simon V, Allard C, Quemener S, Guinot V, Hennuyer N, Perino A, Duveau A, Maitre M, Leste-Lasserre T, Clark S, Dupuy N, Cannich A, Gonzales D, Deprez B, Mithieux G, Dombrowicz D, Bäckhed F, Prevot V, Marsicano G, Staels B, Schoonjans K, Cota D. Hypothalamic bile acid-TGR5 signaling protects from obesity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1483-1492.e10. [PMID: 33887197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) improve metabolism and exert anti-obesity effects through the activation of the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) in peripheral tissues. TGR5 is also found in the brain hypothalamus, but whether hypothalamic BA signaling is implicated in body weight control and obesity pathophysiology remains unknown. Here we show that hypothalamic BA content is reduced in diet-induced obese mice. Central administration of BAs or a specific TGR5 agonist in these animals decreases body weight and fat mass by activating the sympathetic nervous system, thereby promoting negative energy balance. Conversely, genetic downregulation of hypothalamic TGR5 expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus favors the development of obesity and worsens established obesity by blunting sympathetic activity. Lastly, hypothalamic TGR5 signaling is required for the anti-obesity action of dietary BA supplementation. Together, these findings identify hypothalamic TGR5 signaling as a key mediator of a top-down neural mechanism that counteracts diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Guzmán-Quevedo
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France; Laboratory of Neuronutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, 61650 Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico; Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50732-970 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valérie S Fénelon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Zizzari
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Julie Charton
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Daniela Fernandois
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Simon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Allard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Quemener
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Valentine Guinot
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Duveau
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marlène Maitre
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Samantha Clark
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Dupuy
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Gonzales
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- INSERM U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, University of Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 N Copenhagen, Denmark; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincent Prevot
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fatty acids role on obesity induced hypothalamus inflammation: From problem to solution – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
40
|
The Microbiota and the Gut-Brain Axis in Controlling Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115830. [PMID: 34072450 PMCID: PMC8198395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity currently represents a major societal and health challenge worldwide. Its prevalence has reached epidemic proportions and trends continue to rise, reflecting the need for more effective preventive measures. Hypothalamic circuits that control energy homeostasis in response to food intake are interesting targets for body-weight management, for example, through interventions that reinforce the gut-to-brain nutrient signalling, whose malfunction contributes to obesity. Gut microbiota-diet interactions might interfere in nutrient sensing and signalling from the gut to the brain, where the information is processed to control energy homeostasis. This gut microbiota-brain crosstalk is mediated by metabolites, mainly short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids or amino acids-derived metabolites and subcellular bacterial components. These activate gut-endocrine and/or neural-mediated pathways or pass to systemic circulation and then reach the brain. Feeding time and dietary composition are the main drivers of the gut microbiota structure and function. Therefore, aberrant feeding patterns or unhealthy diets might alter gut microbiota-diet interactions and modify nutrient availability and/or microbial ligands transmitting information from the gut to the brain in response to food intake, thus impairing energy homeostasis. Herein, we update the scientific evidence supporting that gut microbiota is a source of novel dietary and non-dietary biological products that may beneficially regulate gut-to-brain communication and, thus, improve metabolic health. Additionally, we evaluate how the feeding time and dietary composition modulate the gut microbiota and, thereby, the intraluminal availability of these biological products with potential effects on energy homeostasis. The review also identifies knowledge gaps and the advances required to clinically apply microbiome-based strategies to improve the gut-brain axis function and, thus, combat obesity.
Collapse
|
41
|
Microglia-Neuron Crosstalk in Obesity: Melodious Interaction or Kiss of Death? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105243. [PMID: 34063496 PMCID: PMC8155827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity can originate from the dysregulated activity of hypothalamic neuronal circuits, which are critical for the regulation of body weight and food intake. The exact mechanisms underlying such neuronal defects are not yet fully understood, but a maladaptive cross-talk between neurons and surrounding microglial is likely to be a contributing factor. Functional and anatomical connections between microglia and hypothalamic neuronal cells are at the core of how the brain orchestrates changes in the body's metabolic needs. However, such a melodious interaction may become maladaptive in response to prolonged diet-induced metabolic stress, thereby causing overfeeding, body weight gain, and systemic metabolic perturbations. From this perspective, we critically discuss emerging molecular and cellular underpinnings of microglia-neuron communication in the hypothalamic neuronal circuits implicated in energy balance regulation. We explore whether changes in this intercellular dialogue induced by metabolic stress may serve as a protective neuronal mechanism or contribute to disease establishment and progression. Our analysis provides a framework for future mechanistic studies that will facilitate progress into both the etiology and treatments of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
42
|
Son JE, Dou Z, Kim KH, Wanggou S, Cha VSB, Mo R, Zhang X, Chen X, Ketela T, Li X, Huang X, Hui CC. Irx3 and Irx5 in Ins2-Cre + cells regulate hypothalamic postnatal neurogenesis and leptin response. Nat Metab 2021; 3:701-713. [PMID: 33859429 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is mainly due to excessive food intake. IRX3 and IRX5 have been suggested as determinants of obesity in connection with the intronic variants of FTO, but how these genes contribute to obesity via changes in food intake remains unclear. Here, we show that mice doubly heterozygous for Irx3 and Irx5 mutations exhibit lower food intake with enhanced hypothalamic leptin response. By lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing using the Ins2-Cre system, we identify a previously unreported radial glia-like neural stem cell population with high Irx3 and Irx5 expression in early postnatal hypothalamus and demonstrate that reduced dosage of Irx3 and Irx5 promotes neurogenesis in postnatal hypothalamus leading to elevated numbers of leptin-sensing arcuate neurons. Furthermore, we find that mice with deletion of Irx3 in these cells also exhibit a similar food intake and hypothalamic phenotype. Our results illustrate that Irx3 and Irx5 play a regulatory role in hypothalamic postnatal neurogenesis and leptin response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Eun Son
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhengchao Dou
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyoung-Han Kim
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Vincent Su Bin Cha
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rong Mo
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Troy Ketela
- Princess Margaret Genomics Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chi-Chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Enhanced lipid utilization is coupled to the sickness responses triggered by lipopolysaccharide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 558:44-50. [PMID: 33895550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sickness symptoms exerted via inflammatory responses occur in several infectious and chronic diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that altered nutrient availability and metabolism are tightly coupled to inflammatory processes. However, the relationship between metabolic shifts and the development of the sickness response has not been explored fully. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate metabolic phenotypes with a mouse model showing sickness symptoms via systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the present study. LPS injection elevated the lipid utilization and circulating levels of fatty acids. It also increased the levels of β-hydroxybutyric acid, a ketone body produced from fatty acids. We confirmed the functional connectivity between nutrient utilization and inflammatory responses and demonstrated enhanced lipid utilization in the hypothalamus providing insights into hypothalamic control of sickness responses. Collectively, these findings could help develop new therapeutic strategies to treat patients with severe sickness symptoms associated with infectious and chronic human diseases.
Collapse
|
44
|
Anti-Obesity Effect of Pine Needle Extract on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050837. [PMID: 33919440 PMCID: PMC8143554 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity due to an excessive intake of nutrient disturbs the hypothalamus-mediated energy metabolism subsequently develops metabolic disorders. In this study, we investigated the effect of pine needle extract (PNE) on the hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons involved in the regulation of energy balance via melanocortin system and fat tissue metabolism. Methods: We performed electrophysiological and immunohistochemical analyses to determine the effect of PNE on POMC neurons. Mice were fed a normal or high-fat diet for 12 weeks, then received PNE for the last 2 weeks to measure the following physiological indices: Body weight, food intake, fat/lean mass, glucose metabolism, and plasma leptin levels. In addition, changes of thermogenic, lipolytic, and lipogenetic markers were evaluated in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) by western blotting, respectively. Results: PNE increased hypothalamic POMC neuronal activity, and the effect was abolished by blockade of melanocortin 3/4 receptors (MC3/4Rs). PNE decreased body weight, fat mass, plasma leptin levels, and improved glucose metabolism after high-fat-induced obesity. However, PNE did not change the expression of thermogenic markers of the BAT in HFD fed groups, but decreased only the lipogenetic markers of WAT. This study suggests that PNE has a potent anti-obesity effect, inhibiting lipogenesis in WAT, even though HFD-induced leptin resistance-mediated disruption of POMC neuronal activity.
Collapse
|
45
|
Yin KJ, Ren JN, Li X, Fan G, Zhao L, Li Z, Zhang LL, Xie DY, Pan SY, Yuan F. Effect and mechanism of high-fat diet on the preference for sweeteners on mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1844-1853. [PMID: 32901966 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male Kunming mice were divided into a normal diet group (control group) and a high-fat diet group (HF group) (185 g·kg-1 protein, 600 g·kg-1 fat and 205 g·kg-1 carbohydrate). After 8 weeks' feeding, behavioral indicators and biochemical indicators in serum were determined. The double-bottle preference experiment was used to study the preferences of mice for five sweeteners. The monoamine neurotransmitter content, gene expression related to dopamine (DA), and opioid receptors were also determined. RESULTS The body weight of the mice in the HF group increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 36 days compared with the control group. The feed intake of the HF group increased sharply in the first 12 days, and then it became basically unchanged. The preference of the HF group for all of the five sweeteners was highly significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that of the control group. Depression-related behavior was observed in the HF group mice. The triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) content in the HF group were very much higher (P < 0.01) than those of the control group. The gene expression related to DA and opioid receptor in the HF group was significantly lower than that of the control group, except for preproenkephalin (PENK). CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study suggested that a long-term high-fat diet could result in a decrease in the preference for sweeteners and could result in a state of reward hypofunction in mice. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jing Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Nan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding-Yuan Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Yi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nuzzaci D, Cansell C, Liénard F, Nédélec E, Ben Fradj S, Castel J, Foppen E, Denis R, Grouselle D, Laderrière A, Lemoine A, Mathou A, Tolle V, Heurtaux T, Fioramonti X, Audinat E, Pénicaud L, Nahon JL, Rovère C, Benani A. Postprandial Hyperglycemia Stimulates Neuroglial Plasticity in Hypothalamic POMC Neurons after a Balanced Meal. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3067-3078.e5. [PMID: 32130907 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic studies in rodents evidenced synaptic remodeling in neuronal circuits that control food intake. However, the physiological relevance of this process is not well defined. Here, we show that the firing activity of anorexigenic POMC neurons located in the hypothalamus is increased after a standard meal. Postprandial hyperactivity of POMC neurons relies on synaptic plasticity that engages pre-synaptic mechanisms, which does not involve structural remodeling of synapses but retraction of glial coverage. These functional and morphological neuroglial changes are triggered by postprandial hyperglycemia. Chemogenetically induced glial retraction on POMC neurons is sufficient to increase POMC activity and modify meal patterns. These findings indicate that synaptic plasticity within the melanocortin system happens at the timescale of meals and likely contributes to short-term control of food intake. Interestingly, these effects are lost with a high-fat meal, suggesting that neuroglial plasticity of POMC neurons is involved in the satietogenic properties of foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danaé Nuzzaci
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Céline Cansell
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Fabienne Liénard
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nédélec
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Selma Ben Fradj
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Unité "Biologie Fonctionnelle & Adaptative," CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Unité "Biologie Fonctionnelle & Adaptative," CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Raphael Denis
- Unité "Biologie Fonctionnelle & Adaptative," CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Grouselle
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Amélie Laderrière
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Aleth Lemoine
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexia Mathou
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Tolle
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- Laboratoire NutriNeuro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Etienne Audinat
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- StromaLab, CNRS, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nahon
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Carole Rovère
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fouesnard M, Zoppi J, Petera M, Le Gleau L, Migné C, Devime F, Durand S, Benani A, Chaffron S, Douard V, Boudry G. Dietary switch to Western diet induces hypothalamic adaptation associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in rats. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1271-1283. [PMID: 33714973 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early hyperphagia and hypothalamic inflammation encountered after Western diet (WD) are linked to rodent propensity to obesity. Inflammation in several brain structures has been associated with gut dysbiosis. Since gut microbiota is highly sensitive to dietary changes, we hypothesised that immediate gut microbiota adaptation to WD in rats is involved in inflammation-related hypothalamic modifications. METHODS We evaluated short-term impact of WD consumption (2 h, 1, 2 and 4 days) on hypothalamic metabolome and caecal microbiota composition and metabolome. Data integration analyses were performed to uncover potential relationships among these three datasets. Finally, changes in hypothalamic gene expression in absence of gut microbiota were evaluated in germ-free rats fed WD for 2 days. RESULTS WD quickly and profoundly affected the levels of several hypothalamic metabolites, especially oxidative stress markers. In parallel, WD consumption reduced caecal microbiota diversity, modified its composition towards pro-inflammatory profile and changed caecal metabolome. Data integration identified strong correlations between gut microbiota sub-networks, unidentified caecal metabolites and hypothalamic oxidative stress metabolites. Germ-free rats displayed reduced energy intake and no changes in redox homoeostasis machinery expression or pro-inflammatory cytokines after 2 days of WD, in contrast to conventional rats, which exhibited increased SOD2, GLRX and IL-6 mRNA levels. CONCLUSION A potentially pro-inflammatory gut microbiota and an early hypothalamic oxidative stress appear shortly after WD introduction. Tripartite data integration highlighted putative links between gut microbiota sub-networks and hypothalamic oxidative stress. Together with the absence of hypothalamic modifications in germ-free rats, this strongly suggests the involvement of the microbiota-hypothalamus axis in rat adaptation to WD introduction and in energy homoeostasis regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mélanie Petera
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Léa Le Gleau
- Institut MICALIS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Carole Migné
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabienne Devime
- Institut MICALIS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stéphanie Durand
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6265-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 13241-Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Samuel Chaffron
- Université de Nantes, CNRS (UMR6004), LS2N, Nantes, France.,Research Federation (FR2022) Tara Oceans GO-SEE, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Douard
- Institut MICALIS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gaëlle Boudry
- Institut Numecan, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ramirez-Pedraza R, Ramos F. Decision-making bioinspired model for target definition and “satisfactor” selection for physiological needs. COGN SYST RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
49
|
On the Role of Central Type-1 Cannabinoid Receptor Gene Regulation in Food Intake and Eating Behaviors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010398. [PMID: 33401515 PMCID: PMC7796374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Different neuromodulatory systems are involved in long-term energy balance and body weight and, among these, evidence shows that the endocannabinoid system, in particular the activation of type-1 cannabinoid receptor, plays a key role. We here review current literature focusing on the role of the gene encoding type-1 cannabinoid receptors in the CNS and on the modulation of its expression by food intake and specific eating behaviors. We point out the importance to further investigate how environmental cues might have a role in the development of obesity as well as eating disorders through the transcriptional regulation of this gene in order to prevent or to treat these pathologies.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Energy balance is centrally regulated by the brain through several interacting neuronal systems involving external, peripheral, and central factors within the brain. The hypothalamus integrates these factors and is the key brain area in the regulation of energy balance. In this review, we will explain the structure of the hypothalamus and its role in the regulation of energy balance. An important part of energy balance regulation is the sensing of nutrient status and availability. This review will focus on the sensing of the two main sources of energy by the hypothalamus: glucose and fat. As many common health problems and chronic diseases can be traced back to a disrupted hypothalamic function, we will also discuss hypothalamic sensing of glucose and fats in these pathologies. Finally, we will summarize the current knowledge and discuss how this may be applied clinically and for future research perspectives.
Collapse
|