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Ito-Harashima S, Tsubouchi Y, Takada E, Kawanishi M, Yagi T. Development of a yeast reporter gene assay to detect ligands of freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna ultraspiracle, a homolog of vertebrate retinoid X receptors. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1447-1461. [PMID: 37078133 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) often affect homeostatic regulation in living organisms by directly acting on nuclear receptors (NRs). Retinoid X receptors (RXRs), the most highly conserved members of the NR superfamily during evolution, function as partners to form heterodimers with other NRs, such as retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D3 receptors. RXRs also homodimerize and induce the expression of target genes upon binding with their natural ligand, 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA), and typical EDCs organotin compounds, such as tributyltin and triphenyltin. In the present study, we established a new yeast reporter gene assay (RGA) to detect the ligands of freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna ultraspiracle (Dapma-USP), a homolog of vertebrate RXRs. D. magna has been used as a representative crustacean species for aquatic EDC assessments in the Organization for Economic Corporation and Development test guidelines. Dapma-USP was expressed along with the Drosophila melanogaster steroid receptor coactivator Taiman in yeast cells carrying the lacZ reporter plasmid. The RGA for detecting agonist activity of organotins and o-butylphenol was improved by use of mutant yeast strains lacking genes encoding cell wall mannoproteins and/or plasma membrane drug efflux pumps as hosts. We also showed that a number of other human RXR ligands, phenol and bisphenol A derivatives, and terpenoid compounds such as 9c-RA exhibited antagonist activity on Dapma-USP. Our newly established yeast-based RGA system is valuable as the first screening tool to detect ligand substances for Dapma-USP and for evaluating the evolutionary divergence of the ligand responses of RXR homologs between humans and D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoko Ito-Harashima
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Yumiko Tsubouchi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Eiji Takada
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawanishi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Takashi Yagi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
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2
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Zhao HN, Thomas SP, Zylka MJ, Dorrestein PC, Hu W. Urine Excretion, Organ Distribution, and Placental Transfer of 6PPD and 6PPD-Quinone in Mice and Potential Developmental Toxicity through Nuclear Receptor Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13429-13438. [PMID: 37642336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The rubber antioxidant 6PPD has gained significant attention due to its highly toxic transformation product, 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ). Despite their detection in urines of pregnant women, the placental transfer and developmental toxicity of 6PPD and 6PPDQ are unknown. Here, we treated C57Bl/6 mice with 4 mg/kg 6PPD or 6PPDQ to investigate their urine excretion and placental transfer. Female and male mice exhibited sex difference in excretion profiles of 6PPD and 6PPDQ. Urine concentrations of 6PPDQ were one order of magnitude lower than those of 6PPD, suggesting lower excretion and higher bioaccumulation of 6PPDQ. In pregnant mice treated with 6PPD or 6PPDQ from embryonic day 11.5 to 15.5, 6PPDQ showed ∼1.5-8 times higher concentrations than 6PPD in placenta, embryo body, and embryo brain, suggesting higher placental transfer of 6PPDQ. Using in vitro dual-luciferase reporter assays, we revealed that 6PPDQ activated the human retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) at concentrations as low as 0.3 μM, which was ∼10-fold higher than the concentrations detected in human urines. 6PPD activated the RXRα at concentrations as low as 1.2 μM. These results demonstrate the exposure risks of 6PPD and 6PPDQ during pregnancy and emphasize the need for further toxicological and epidemiological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Nina Zhao
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sydney P Thomas
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mark J Zylka
- University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wenxin Hu
- University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Haque N, Tischkau SA. Sexual Dimorphism in Adipose-Hypothalamic Crosstalk and the Contribution of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor to Regulate Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147679. [PMID: 35887027 PMCID: PMC9322714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are fundamental sex differences in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of energy balance that account for this asymmetry will assist in developing sex-specific therapies for sexually dimorphic diseases such as obesity. Multiple organs, including the hypothalamus and adipose tissue, play vital roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis, which are regulated differently in males and females. Various neuronal populations, particularly within the hypothalamus, such as arcuate nucleus (ARC), can sense nutrient content of the body by the help of peripheral hormones such leptin, derived from adipocytes, to regulate energy homeostasis. This review summarizes how adipose tissue crosstalk with homeostatic network control systems in the brain, which includes energy regulatory regions and the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, contribute to energy regulation in a sex-specific manner. Moreover, development of obesity is contingent upon diet and environmental factors. Substances from diet and environmental contaminants can exert insidious effects on energy metabolism, acting peripherally through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Developmental AhR activation can impart permanent alterations of neuronal development that can manifest a number of sex-specific physiological changes, which sometimes become evident only in adulthood. AhR is currently being investigated as a potential target for treating obesity. The consensus is that impaired function of the receptor protects from obesity in mice. AhR also modulates sex steroid receptors, and hence, one of the objectives of this review is to explain why investigating sex differences while examining this receptor is crucial. Overall, this review summarizes sex differences in the regulation of energy homeostasis imparted by the adipose–hypothalamic axis and examines how this axis can be affected by xenobiotics that signal through AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Shelley A. Tischkau
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Correspondence:
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Jia Y, Zhang H, Hu W, Wang L, Kang Q, Liu J, Nakanishi T, Hiromori Y, Kimura T, Tao S, Hu J. Discovery of contaminants with antagonistic activity against retinoic acid receptor in house dust. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127847. [PMID: 34836686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) control reproduction and development in vertebrates, but little attention has been paid to anthropogenic chemicals exhibiting RAR agoniztic/antagonistic activity. Here we applied a His-RARα pull-down assay combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify chemicals with RARα activity in house dust. After screening, a total of 540 peaks were retained as potential RARα ligands. The mass spectra of 14 chemicals matched with those in the database, of which triphenyl phosphate, galaxolidone, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate were confirmed by their standards. While one chemical in the sample matched with monophenyl phosphate in the MS/MS database, its retention time was much higher than that of monophenyl phosphate standard, suggesting that it may be an in-source fragment. Its parent ion was finally identified to be m/z 399.2663 using a similarity analysis among chromatographic peaks of hundreds of ions at the same retention time in MS1 spectrum, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phenyl phosphate (BEHPP) was identified. BEHPP, DEHP, and TEHP were for the first time identified to be RARα antagonists with IC50 values of 6556, 6600, and 2538 nM, respectively. This study improved structural annotation and filled the knowledge gap regarding widespread environmental contaminants with RAR antagonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Jia
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Wenxin Hu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Qiyue Kang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Youhei Hiromori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kimura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Japan
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China.
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Ganguly RK, Al-Helal MA, Chakraborty SK. Role of bioactive xenobiotics towards reproductive potential of Odontotermes longignathus through in silico study: An amalgamation of ecoinformatics and ecotechnological insights of termite mounds from a tropical forest, India. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113275. [PMID: 35131584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present research study has evaluated the roles of different naturally occurring compounds in termite mounds of Odontotermes longignathus (GenBank Id: MZ542727.1) which facilitate to promote higher population growth of termites and subsequent biodegradation. The study has also monitored the change in physicochemical parameters along with the trend of biodegradation of complex organic carbon-based compounds like lignin, polysaccharides etc. and nitrogenous compounds from two different types of termite mounds such as developing (T1) and developed (T2) mounds. The GC MS profiling of mound samples have revealed the occurrence of different humic acids like organic materials in both T1 and T2 mound samples. Both the termite mounds have demonstrated a high population density as T1 (23.67 ± 1.56) individuals and T2 (43.51 ± 2.36) individuals per 0.1 kg of mound materials. Such observations have prompted to undertake molecular docking experiments which revealed that different molecules interact at low binding affinity with hormone receptors involved in moulting, spermatogenesis and oogenesis of termite like Adamantane carboxylate (EcR: -7.6 Kcal/mol; BTB-KLHL10: -6.2 Kcal/mol; USP-LBD: -7.3 Kcal/mol; VgR: -6.8 Kcal/mol), Benzene dicarboxylic acid (EcR: -5.5 Kcal/mol; BTB-KLHL10: -5.1 Kcal/mol; USP-LBD: -5.4 Kcal/mol; VgR: -5.6 Kcal/mol), Hexadecanol (EcR: -6.0 Kcal/mol; BTB-KLHL10: -4.4 Kcal/mol; USP-LBD: -6.9 Kcal/mol; VgR: -6.0 Kcal/mol), oxirane (EcR: -5.3 Kcal/mol; BTB-KLHL10: -4.9 Kcal/mol; USP-LBD: -5.2 Kcal/mol; VgR: -5.3 Kcal/mol) and tocopherol (EcR: -8.0 Kcal/mol; BTB-KLHL10: -5.4 Kcal/mol; USP-LBD: -7.6 Kcal/mol; VgR: -7.0 Kcal/mol). Such spontaneous ligand binding phenomenon coupled with high population density of termites have established the significance of different bioactive xenobiotics in achieving high reproductive potential of termites which in turn facilitate the process of biodegradation and enhance the nutrient enrichment in the soils of tropical deciduous forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar Ganguly
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar university, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India.
| | - Md Abdullah Al-Helal
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar university, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
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Nováková Z, Novák J, Bittner M, Čupr P, Přibylová P, Kukučka P, Smutná M, Escher BI, Demirtepe H, Miralles-Marco A, Hilscherová K. Toxicity to bronchial cells and endocrine disruptive potentials of indoor air and dust extracts and their association with multiple chemical classes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127306. [PMID: 34879546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of indoor environment, where people spend much of their time, comprises complex mixtures of compounds with vastly understudied hazard potential. This study examined several important specific toxic effects and pollutant levels (177 compounds) of indoor samples (air gas phase, PM10 and dust) from different microenvironments after two extractions with focus on their gas/particle/dust distribution and polarity. The endocrine disruptive (ED) potential was assessed by human cell-based in vitro bioassays addressing anti-/estrogenicity, anti-/androgenicity, aryl hydrocarbon, thyroid and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-mediated activities. Potential toxicity to respiratory tract tissue was assessed using human bronchial cell line. The toxicological analyses pointed out the relevance of both inhalation and ingestion exposure, with significant effects detected after exposure to extracts from all three studied matrices with distinct gas/particle distribution patterns. Chemical analyses document the high complexity of indoor pollutant mixtures with greatest levels of phthalates, their emerging alternatives, and PAHs in dust. Despite the detection of up to 108 chemicals, effects were explained only to low extent. This emphasizes data gaps regarding ED potencies of many detected abundant indoor contaminants, but also potential presence of other unidentified ED compounds. The omnipresent ED potentials in indoor environment rise concern regarding associated human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nováková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Bittner
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Čupr
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Smutná
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Beate I Escher
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Cell Toxicology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hale Demirtepe
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Miralles-Marco
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Basak Turkmen N, Askin Ozek D, Taslidere A, Dogan F, Ciftci O. Beta-glucan effects on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxicity in liver and brain. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:441-448. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2025902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nese Basak Turkmen
- Department of Pharmaceutic Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Dilan Askin Ozek
- Pharmacy Services Department, Kovancilar Vocational School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Asli Taslidere
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Dogan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Osman Ciftci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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8
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Marinello WP, Patisaul HB. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and placental function: Impact on fetal brain development. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:347-400. [PMID: 34452690 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical time of vulnerability for the development of the fetal brain. Exposure to environmental pollutants at any point in pregnancy can negatively impact many aspects of fetal development, especially the organization and differentiation of the brain. The placenta performs a variety of functions that can help protect the fetus and sustain brain development. However, disruption of any of these functions can have negative impacts on both the pregnancy outcome and fetal neurodevelopment. This review presents current understanding of how environmental exposures, specifically to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), interfere with placental function and, in turn, neurodevelopment. Some of the key differences in placental development between animal models are presented, as well as how placental functions such as serving as a xenobiotic barrier and exchange organ, immune interface, regulator of growth and fetal oxygenation, and a neuroendocrine organ, could be vulnerable to environmental exposure. This review illustrates the importance of the placenta as a modulator of fetal brain development and suggests critical unexplored areas and possible vulnerabilities to environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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9
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Novák J, Vaculovič A, Klánová J, Giesy JP, Hilscherová K. Seasonal variation of endocrine disrupting potentials of pollutant mixtures associated with various size-fractions of inhalable air particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114654. [PMID: 32375093 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution, namely exposure to air particulate matter (PM), has been shown to be connected with a number of adverse health effects. At least part of the effects can be caused by organic pollutant mixtures associated with PM, which can elicit a wide range of specific toxic potentials. These potentials could be affected by seasonal variation of pollutant mixtures and PM size fraction. To examine this, six size subfractions of PM10 were collected at rural and urban site in the Czech Republic in a year-long sampling campaign. The samples were assessed for aryl hydrocarbon (AhR)-mediated activity, estrogenicity and anti-androgenicity using mammalian cell models. The concentrations of detected toxic potentials differed among seasons. The greatest levels were observed in samples collected during winter when AhR-mediated effects and estrogenicity were at least 10-times greater than in summer. While the observed potentials were mostly less pronounced in samples from rural area, during winter, their AhR-mediated activity was twice as great as at the urban site. This was probably caused by the low-quality of fuel used for heating at the rural site. Assessed toxic potentials were associated mainly with PM size fractions with lesser aerodynamic diameters (<1 μm). Toxic potentials were compared with data from chemical analyses covering 102 chemicals from different pollutant groups to model their contribution to the observed effects. For AhR-mediated activity, chemical analyses explained on average 44% of the effect and the main identified effect-drivers were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. For estrogenicity and anti-androgenicity, detected chemicals were able to explain on average less than 1.6% and 11% of the potentials, with their highest explicability reaching 13% and 57%, respectively. This was affected by the lack of data on specific toxic potency of some detected air pollutants, but also indicates a possible role of further not analyzed chemicals in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Novák
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anita Vaculovič
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - John P Giesy
- Dept. Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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10
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Katsanou ES, Batakis P, Spyropoulou A, Schreiber E, Bovee T, Torrente M, Gómez MM, Kumar V, Domingo JL, Machera K. Maternal exposure to mixtures of dienestrol, linuron and flutamide. Part II: Endocrine-related gene expression assessment on male offspring rat testes. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111603. [PMID: 32738380 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) during pregnancy and early development can lead to adverse developmental outcomes in offspring. One of the endpoints of concern is feminization. The present study aimed to investigate for any possible correlations with endocrine sensitive parameters in the testes of male rat offspring following dam exposure to three EDCs by assessing the expression of endocrine-related genes. Dienestrol (DIES) [0.37-6.25 μg/kg bw/day], linuron (LIN) [1.5-50 mg/kg bw/day], flutamide (FLU) [3.5-50 mg/kg bw/day] as well as their binary mixtures were administered to sexually mature female rats from gestation day (GD) 6 until postnatal day (PND) 21. Gene expression analysis of Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Hsd3b2, Pgr and Insl3 was performed by RT-qPCR. Administration of the anti-androgen FLU alone significantly upregulated Cyp11a1 and Cyp17a1 gene expression while administration of LIN and DIES alone did not alter significantly gene expression. The effects of the binary mixtures on gene expression were not as marked as those seen after single compound administrations. Deregulation of Cyp17a1 in rat pup testis, following administration of FLU alone or in mixtures to dams, was significantly correlated with the observed feminization endpoints in male pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrosini S Katsanou
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Batakis
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Elga Schreiber
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Toine Bovee
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Department of Bioassays and Biosensors, WUR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Margarita Torrente
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Research Center in Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Mercedes Gómez
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Analysis and Management Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain; IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José Luis Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece.
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An interim internal Threshold of Toxicologic Concern (iTTC) for chemicals in consumer products, with support from an automated assessment of ToxCast™ dose response data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 114:104656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nováková Z, Novák J, Kitanovski Z, Kukučka P, Smutná M, Wietzoreck M, Lammel G, Hilscherová K. Toxic potentials of particulate and gaseous air pollutant mixtures and the role of PAHs and their derivatives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105634. [PMID: 32446144 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution, which represents a major environmental risk to human health, comprises a complex mixture of compounds where only little is known about its specific toxicities. OBJECTIVES This study examined the specific toxicities associated with ambient air pollutant mixtures with respect to gas/particle partitioning, particulate matter (PM) size, pollutant polarity and bioaccessibility from PM, and evaluated the contribution of PAHs and their oxygenated and nitrated derivatives (OPAHs, NPAHs). METHODS Air samples (gas phase, PM10 and size-segregated PM), were collected at urban (in winter and summer) and background (winter) sites in the Czech Republic. The total and bioaccessible concentrations were addressed using organic solvent extraction and simulated lung fluid extraction, respectively. Organic extracts were also further fractionated according to polarity. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity, anti-/estrogenicity, anti-/androgenicity, thyroid receptor (TR)-mediated activity and cytotoxicity for bronchial cells were determined by human cell-based in vitro bioassays. The contribution of studied compounds to observed effects was assessed by both modelling and reconstructing the mixtures. RESULTS Significant effects were detected in the sub-micrometre size fraction of PM (estrogenicity, androgenicity, TR- and AhR-mediated activities) and in the gas phase (TR-mediated activity, antiandrogenicity). Compounds interacting with TR showed high bioaccessibility to simulated lung fluid. Relatively lower bioaccessibility was observed for estrogenicity and AhR-mediated activity. However, the toxicity testing of reconstructed mixtures revealed that the targeted pollutants are not the main contributors, except for urban PM air pollution in winter, where they accounted for 5-88% of several effects detected in the original complex environmental samples. DISCUSSION Studied toxicities were mostly driven by polar compounds largely attributed to the easily inhalable PM1, which is of high relevance for human health risk assessment. Except of parent PAHs in some cases, the targeted compounds contributed to the detected effects mostly to a relatively low extent implying huge data gaps in terms of endocrine disruptive potencies of targeted substances and the significance of other polar compounds present in ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nováková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zoran Kitanovski
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Smutná
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Wietzoreck
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Erdemli ME, Yigitcan B, Erdemli Z, Gul M, Bag HG, Gul S. Thymoquinone protection against 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:567-574. [PMID: 32207631 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1735520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) on kidney tissues of Wistar rats with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced nephrotoxicity. We used 50 rats divided into five groups; control, corn oil, TCDD, TQ, TCDD + TQ. We found that malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the TCDD treated group increased significantly compared to the other groups, while reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels decreased in the TCDD group. In the TQ treated group, we found that GSH, SOD, CAT, TAS levels increased and MDA, TOS, IL-6 and TNF-α levels decreased compared to the other groups. The effects of TCDD on oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory markers and histological changes were ameliorated by TQ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Birgul Yigitcan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Harika Gozukara Bag
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Semir Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
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Yoshinouchi Y, Shimizu S, Lee JS, Hirano M, Suzuki KIT, Kim EY, Iwata H. In vitro assessment of effects of persistent organic pollutants on the transactivation of estrogen receptor α and β (ERα and ERβ) from the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:463-471. [PMID: 31228822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on the estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathway in Baikal seals (Pusa sibirica), we investigated the molecular characterizations and functions of two Baikal seal ER (bsER) isoforms, bsERα and bsERβ. The bsERα and bsERβ cDNA clones isolated have an open reading frame of 595 and 530 amino acid residues, respectively. The tissue distribution analyses of bsER mRNAs showed that bsERα transcripts were primarily found in the ovary and uterus, and bsERβ in the muscle in wild Baikal seals. The immunofluorescence staining assay showed that 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment promoted the nuclear translocation of in vitro-expressed bsERα. Transient transfection of bsERα in U2OS cells enhanced the transcription of pS2, an ER target gene of E2. We then measured bsER-mediated transactivation potencies of POPs in an in vitro reporter gene assay system, in which a bsERα or bsERβ expression vector was transfected into COS-1 cells. For comparison, transactivation potencies of POPs on mouse ERs (mERα and mERβ) were also evaluated in the same manner. Results showed significant dose-dependent responses of bsERs and mERs when treated with p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE). bsERs and mERs showed no response when exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Comparison of the dose-response curves of DDTs across species (bsERs vs. mERs) showed that bsERα had a response similar to mERα, but bsERβ was less sensitive than mERβ. Comparing the lowest observable effective concentrations of p,p'-DDT (2.8 μM) and p,p'-DDE (10 μM) for in vitro bsERα-mediated transactivation with their hepatic concentrations in wild Baikal seals indicated that some individuals accumulated these compounds at levels comparable to the effective concentrations, suggesting the potential disruption of the bsERα signaling pathway in the wild population by these compounds. Co-transfection experiments with bsER and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) suggested that high accumulation of estrogenic compounds exerts a synergistic effect with dioxin-like congeners on ER signaling through AHR activation in the wild seal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yoshinouchi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Sachiko Shimizu
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Jin-Seon Lee
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi T Suzuki
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.
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Erdemli ME, Yigitcan B, Gul M, Bag HG, Gul S, Aksungur Z. Thymoquinone is protective against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced hepatotoxicity. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:453-462. [PMID: 29701106 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1453549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated changes in rat liver tissues following administration of thymoquinone (TQ) against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced hepatotoxicity. Fifty rats were assigned randomly to five groups of 10 as follows: control, corn oil, TCDD, TQ and TCDD + TQ. Biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on liver tissue. We found that 30 day TCDD administration caused histopathological changes in liver including thickening of Glisson's capsule, intracytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes, sinusoidal dilation, vascular and sinusoidal congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration. TCDD administration increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in rat liver tissue and reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels compared to all other groups. In the TQ treated group, GSH, SOD, CAT and TAS levels increased compared to all other groups. MDA, TOS, ALT, AST, ALP levels decreased compared to all other groups. Our histological findings were consistent with the biochemical findings. The oxidative and histologic effects of TCDD were eliminated by TQ treatment. TCDD administration caused oxidative stress in rat liver and TQ administered with TCDD prevented TCDD induced hepatotoxicity. TQ could be considered an alternative anti-TCDD toxicity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Erdemli
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Nigde Omer Halisdemir University , Nigde
| | - B Yigitcan
- b Departments of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya
| | - M Gul
- b Departments of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya
| | - H G Bag
- c Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya
| | - S Gul
- b Departments of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya
| | - Z Aksungur
- d Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
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Allinson M, Kameda Y, Kimura K, Allinson G. Occurrence and assessment of the risk of ultraviolet filters and light stabilizers in Victorian estuaries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12022-12033. [PMID: 29453716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This reconnaissance study was undertaken to examine the occurrence of common ultraviolet filters (UVF) and light stabilizers (UVLS), and preservatives in four different estuaries in Port Philip Bay, Victoria, for the first time. In total, 11 UV filters, 10 UV stabilizers, 12 preservatives and a metabolite, and one fragrance were screened in grab samples of water and sediment using a combination of solid phase extraction and gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry measurement techniques. In that context, 16 of the UVF and UVLS and 5 of the preservatives screened were observed in water and/or sediment samples. There are no marine water quality guideline values for any of the fragrances, preservatives and UV filters and light stabilizers in Australia's current national water quality guidelines, so potential risk was assessed using the risk quotient (RQ) and toxic unit (TU) concepts. In that context, only two chemicals (OC and EHMC) had both an RQ above 1 and a log10TU above - 3, suggesting that few of the screened chemicals would have posed an individual, short-term risk to organisms in the waters studied at the time of sampling. However, the detection of common UV filters, such as 4MBC, EHMC, OC and the common preservatives 2-PE, MP, and PB in these Victorian estuaries highlights that the existence of personal care products in the environment is not just an issue for more densley populated countries in the northern hemisphere, but also potentially of concern in Australia. And, in that context, more sampling campaigns in Port Philip Bay are of paramount importance to assess the potential risk posed by these compounds to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Allinson
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Yutaka Kameda
- Chiba Institute of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0016, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kimura
- Saitama City Institute of Health Science and Research, 7-5-12 Suzuya, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 338-0013, Japan
| | - Graeme Allinson
- Future Farming Systems Research Division, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, DEPI Queenscliff Centre, Queenscliff, Victoria, 3225, Australia.
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia.
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Wangmo C, Jarque S, Hilscherová K, Bláha L, Bittner M. In vitro assessment of sex steroids and related compounds in water and sediments - a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:270-287. [PMID: 29251308 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Detection of endocrine disrupting compounds in water and sediment samples has gained much importance since the evidence of their effects was reported in aquatic ecosystems in the 1990s. The aim of this review is to highlight the advances made in the field of in vitro analysis for the detection of hormonally active compounds with estrogenic, androgenic and progestogenic effects in water and sediment samples. In vitro assays have been developed from yeast, mammalian and in a few cases from fish cells. These assays are based either on the hormone-mediated proliferation of sensitive cell lines or on the hormone-mediated expression of reporter genes. In vitro assays in combination with various sample enrichment methods have been used with limits of detection as low as 0.0027 ng L-1 in water, and 0.0026 ng g-1 in sediments for estrogenicity, 0.1 ng L-1 in water, and 0.5 ng g-1 in sediments for androgenicity, and 5 ng L-1 in water for progestogenicity expressed as equivalent concentrations of standard reference compounds of 17β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone and progesterone, respectively. The experimental results and limits of quantification, however, are influenced by the methods of sample collection, preparation, and individual laboratory practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimi Wangmo
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment - RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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18
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Petersen K, Hultman MT, Rowland SJ, Tollefsen KE. Toxicity of organic compounds from unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) to primary fish hepatocytes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 190:150-161. [PMID: 28711771 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental matrices contaminated with organic pollutants derived from crude oil or degraded petroleum contain mixtures so complex that they are typically unresolved by conventional analytical techniques such as gas chromatography. The resulting chromatographic features have become known as 'humps' or unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs). These UCMs often dominate the organic contaminants of polluted environmental samples: for example, in oil sands produced water up to 150mgL-1 of 'naphthenic acids' appear as UCMs when examined by gas chromatography as the esters. In oil-contaminated mussels, aromatic hydrocarbon UCMs may comprise almost all of the total toxic hydrocarbons, with over 7000μgg-1 dry weight reported in some samples. Over the last 25 years, efforts to resolve and thus identify, or at least to produce average structures, for some UCM components, have proved fruitful. Numerous non-polar UCM hydrocarbons and more polar UCM acids have been identified, then synthesised or purchased from commercial suppliers. As UCMs have been proposed to represent a risk to aquatic organisms, the need for assessment of the ecotoxicological effects and characterisation of the mode of action (MoA) of these environmental pollutants has arisen. In the present study, several chemicals with structures typical of those found in some UCMs, were assessed for their potential to disrupt membrane integrity, inhibit metabolic activity, activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and activate the estrogen receptor (ER) in primary rainbow trout hepatocytes (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These endpoints were determined in order to screen for common toxic modes of action (MoA) in this diverse group of chemicals. The results from the in vitro screening indicated that of the endpoints tested, the predominant toxic MoA was cytotoxicity. EC50 values for cytotoxicity were obtained for 16 compounds and ranged from 77μM-24mM, whereof aliphatic monocyclic acids, monoaromatic acids, polycyclic monoaromatic acids and alkylnaphthalenes were the most toxic. The observed cytotoxicity of the chemicals correlated well with the hydrophobicity (LogKOW) suggesting that the toxicity was predominantly due to a non-specific MoA. Interestingly, two compounds induced the ER-mediated production of vitellogenin (Vtg) and six compounds induced the AhR-mediated Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) enzymatic activity to >20% of the positive control; by doing so suggesting that they may act as ER or AhR agonists in fish. The heterogeneous group of 'UCM compounds' tested exhibited multiple MoA that may potentially cause adverse effects in fish. Additional studies to determine if these compounds may cause adverse effects in vivo at environmentally relevant concentrations, are warranted to identify if such compounds are indeed of potential environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Petersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria T Hultman
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Steven J Rowland
- Petroleum & Environmental Geochemistry Group, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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Zhou JL, Ding Z, Ge X, Shi QM, Wang HX, Chen G, Li MX, Wang H, Ju Q, Wang Q, Zhang JP, Zhang MR, Xu LC. Cypermethrin inhibits interleukin-6-induced androgen receptor transactivation through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:717-722. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1351505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Long Zhou
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Zhen Ding
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Xing Ge
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Qiao-Mei Shi
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Heng-Xue Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Meng-Xue Li
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Qiang Ju
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Mei-Rong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Chun Xu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
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Cunha V, Santos MM, Moradas-Ferreira P, Castro LFC, Ferreira M. Simvastatin modulates gene expression of key receptors in zebrafish embryos. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:465-476. [PMID: 28682217 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1335258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NR) are involved in the regulation of several metabolic processes and it is well known that these constituents may be modulated by different chemicals classes, including pharmaceuticals that may activate or antagonize NR. In mammals, some pharmaceuticals modulate the transcription of pregnane X receptor, Pxr, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, Ppars, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Ahr, affecting mRNA expression of genes belonging to various regulatory pathways, including lipid metabolism and detoxification mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of simvastatin (SIM), an anticholesterolemic drug, on selected NR and AhR mRNA transcription levels during zebrafish early development. Embryos were collected at different development stages (0, 2, 6, 14, 24, 48, and 72 hr post fertilization (hpf)) and mRNA of all target NR was detected at all time points. Embryos (1 and 24 hpf) were exposed to different concentrations of SIM (5 or 50 μg/L) in two differing assays with varying exposure times (2 or 80 hr). The transcription levels of ahr2, raraa, rarab, rarga, pparαa, pparβ1, pparγ, pxr, rxraa, rxrab, rxrbb, rxrga, rxrgb, as well as levels of cholesterol (Chol) were measured after exposure. SIM exerted no marked effect on Chol levels, and depending upon exposure duration mRNA levels of NR and AhR either increased or decreased. After 2 hr SIM treatment in 24 hpf embryos, transcription of ppars, pxr, and ahr was up-regulated, while after 80 hr mRNA levels of pxr and ahr were decreased with no marked changes in ppars. Data demonstrate that SIM produced alterations in gene expression of NR which are involved in varying physiological functions and that may disturb regulation of different physiological processes which might impair fish survival and ecosystems regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cunha
- a CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n , Matosinhos , Portugal
- b ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - M M Santos
- a CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n , Matosinhos , Portugal
- c FCUP-Department of Biology , Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre , Porto , Portugal
| | - P Moradas-Ferreira
- b ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
- d I3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - L F C Castro
- a CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n , Matosinhos , Portugal
- c FCUP-Department of Biology , Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre , Porto , Portugal
| | - M Ferreira
- a CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n , Matosinhos , Portugal
- e School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science , Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Private mail box, Laucala Bay Road , Suva , Fiji Islands
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Oziol L, Alliot F, Botton J, Bimbot M, Huteau V, Levi Y, Chevreuil M. First characterization of the endocrine-disrupting potential of indoor gaseous and particulate contamination: comparison with urban outdoor air (France). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3142-3152. [PMID: 27858277 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The composition of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the ambient air of indoor environments has already been described, but little is known about the inherent endocrine-disrupting potential of indoor air contamination. We therefore aimed to study the distribution of bioactive EDCs in the gaseous and particulate phases of indoor air using a cellular bioassay approach that integrates the interaction effects between chemicals. Organic air extracts, both gaseous and particulate, were taken from three indoor locations (office, apartment, and children's day care) in France and sampled in two different seasons in order to study their interference with the signaling of estrogen, androgen, and thyroid receptors. The experiments were also conducted on aerial extracts from an outdoor site (urban center). We found that gaseous and/or particulate extracts from all locations displayed estrogenicity, anti-androgenicity, and thyroidicity. Overall, indoor air extracts had a higher endocrine-disrupting potential compared to outdoor ones, especially during winter and in the day care. The biological activities were predominant for the gaseous extracts and tended to increase for the particulate extracts in cool conditions. In conclusion, our data confirmed the presence of bioactive EDCs in a gaseous state and highlighted their indoor origin and concentration, especially in the cold season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Oziol
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France.
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Fabrice Alliot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 Metis, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Botton
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Team "Early Origin of the Child's Health and Development" (ORCHAD), Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Maya Bimbot
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Viviane Huteau
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Yves Levi
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
- University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Marc Chevreuil
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 Metis, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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22
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Inoue D, Sawada K, Sei K, Ike M. Detection of retinoic acid receptor antagonist contamination in the aquatic environment of the Kinki region of Japan. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 103:58-65. [PMID: 27434814 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonists are potential toxic compounds that can cause teratogenesis in vertebrates. This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of RAR antagonist contamination in aquatic environments and identify its potential sources in detail. To accomplish this, the RAR antagonistic activities of surface waters of two rivers (the Yodo River and the Ina River) and influents and effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Kinki region of Japan were investigated using a yeast two-hybrid assay. In the investigated rivers, remarkable RAR antagonistic activities were detected relatively consistently in specific regions, although the levels varied with time, and tended to increase downstream of municipal WWTPs. Investigations of WWTPs also revealed that RAR antagonists were present at remarkably high levels in municipal wastewater, and that RAR antagonist contamination remained in effluent after activated sludge treatments. Comparison of the concentration factors that reduced 50% of the RAR agonistic activity of 10(-7) M all-trans retinoic acid (IC50) for selected river water and WWTP effluent samples revealed that the contamination levels were greater in effluent (IC50: concentration factors of 92-313) than river water (IC50: concentration factors of 10.2-68.9). These results indicate that municipal WWTPs could be an important source of RAR antagonist contamination in the receiving rivers. Fractionations with high-performance liquid chromatography directed by the bioassay indicated that there were multiple RAR antagonists in municipal wastewater. Although a trial to identify the causative compounds in municipal wastewater was not completed, multiple bioactive peaks that should be studied further were isolated. This study clarified the occurrence of novel endocrine disrupting chemicals (i.e., RAR antagonists) in the aquatic environment at the watershed level and identified their possible source for the first time, which suggests the need of further studies to identify the causative compounds and to assess possible ecological risks associated with the contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kazuko Sawada
- Department of Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazunari Sei
- Department of Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michihiko Ike
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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23
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Maier D, Benisek M, Blaha L, Dondero F, Giesy JP, Köhler HR, Richter D, Scheurer M, Triebskorn R. Reduction of dioxin-like toxicity in effluents by additional wastewater treatment and related effects in fish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 132:47-58. [PMID: 27262214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficiency of advanced wastewater treatment technologies to reduce micropollutants which mediate dioxin-like toxicity was investigated. Technologies compared included ozonation, powdered activated carbon and granular activated carbon. In addition to chemical analyses in samples of effluents, surface waters, sediments, and fish, (1) dioxin-like potentials were measured in paired samples of effluents, surface waters, and sediments by use of an in vitro biotest (reporter gene assay) and (2) dioxin-like effects were investigated in exposed fish by use of in vivo activity of the mixed-function, monooxygenase enzyme, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) in liver. All advanced technologies studied, based on degradation or adsorption, significantly reduced dioxin-like potentials in samples and resulted in lesser EROD activity in livers of fish. Results of in vitro and in vivo biological responses were not clearly related to quantification of targeted analytes by use of instrumental analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Maier
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Martin Benisek
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Francesco Dondero
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro" -Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli, Via Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Heinz-R Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Doreen Richter
- DVGW Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Straße 84, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marco Scheurer
- DVGW Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Straße 84, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Steinbeis Transfer-Center for Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Blumenstraße 13, D-72108 Rottenburg, Germany.
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24
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Guo J, Wu C, Lv S, Lu D, Feng C, Qi X, Liang W, Chang X, Xu H, Wang G, Zhou Z. Associations of prenatal exposure to five chlorophenols with adverse birth outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:478-484. [PMID: 27131805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to chlorophenols (CPs) have been linked with adverse health effects on wildlife and humans. This study aimed to evaluate prenatal exposure to five CP compounds using maternal urinary concentrations during pregnancy and the potential associations with birth outcomes of their infants at birth. A total of 1100 mother-newborn pairs were recruited during June 2009 to January 2010 in an agricultural region, China. Urinary concentrations of five CPs from dichlorophenol (DCP) to pentachlorophenol (PCP), namely, 2,5-DCP, 2,4-DCP, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 2,4,6-TCP and PCP, were measured using large-volume-injection gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LVI-GC-MS-MS), and associations between CP levels and weight, length as well as head circumference at birth were examined. Median urinary creatinine-adjusted concentrations of 2,5-DCP, 2,4-DCP, 2,4,5-TCP, 2,4,6-TCP and PCP were 3.34 μg/g, 1.03 μg/g, < LOD, 1.78 μg/g and 0.39 μg/g creatinine, respectively. We found lower birth weight 30 g [95% confidence interval (CI): -57, -3; p = 0.03] for per SD increase in log10-transformed concentrations of 2,4,6-TCP and lower birth weight 37 g (95% CI: -64, -10; p = 0.04) for PCP, respectively. Similarly, head circumference decrease in associations with creatinine-corrected 2,4,6-TCP and PCP concentrations were also achieved. Considering sex difference, the associations of lower birth weight were only found among male neonates, while head circumference was associated with 2,4-DCP and 2,5-DCP only found among female neonates. This study showed significant negative associations between CPs exposure and reduction in neonatal anthropometric measures. The biological mechanisms concerning CPs exposure on fetal growth deserved further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Guo
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shenliang Lv
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Dasheng Lu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399, Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Weijiu Liang
- Changning District, Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Changning District, Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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25
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Berntssen MHG, Ørnsrud R, Rasinger J, Søfteland L, Lock EJ, Kolås K, Moren M, Hylland K, Silva J, Johansen J, Lie K. Dietary vitamin A supplementation ameliorates the effects of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 175:171-183. [PMID: 27060237 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported on the interaction between vitamin A (VA) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-binding toxicants, including poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In aquaculture, the use of plant oils in novel aquafeeds can increase PAH levels while simultaneously lowering natural VA background levels, causing the need to supplement plant oil-based feeds with synthetic VA. To study dietary VA-PAH interactions, Atlantic salmon (initial weight 195±0.15g) were fed four identical plant-based diets that were supplemented with PAHs (100 and 10mgkg(-1) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and phenanthrene (Phe), respectively) or VA (retinyl acetate 8721IUkg(-1)) separately or combined for 2.5 months in a 2×2 factorial design, with triplicate net-pens per diet. Dietary PAH significantly reduced hepatic VA storage, and VA-enriched diets restored hepatic VA. There was a significant PAH-VA interaction effect on hepatic BaP, but not Phe, accumulation, with reduced hepatic BaP concentrations in fish fed VA+PAH compared to fish fed PAH alone. Concurrently, PAH and VA significantly interacted in their effects on CYP1A phase I biotransformation as observed from increased ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, increased CYP1A protein concentration, and elevated transcription (cyp1a1 gene expression) in fish fed PAH+VA compared to PAH alone. Dietary VA supplementation alone had no significant effect on CYP1A phase I biotransformation. Metabolomic assessment showed that dietary VA caused a restoration of metabolic intermediates involved in energy metabolism that were affected by dietary PAH. Moreover, a PAH-induced growth inhibition was partially ameliorated by dietary VA supplementation. In conclusion, dietary VA interacted with PAH toxicity on the level of CYP1A-mediated detoxification, hepatic PAH accumulation, energy allocation, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ketil Hylland
- University of Oslo, Department of Bioscience, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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26
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Allinson G, Shiraishi F, Kamata R, Allinson M. Combining Passive Sampling with Recombinant Receptor-Reporter Gene Bioassays to Assess the Receptor Activity of Victorian Rivers. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 95:758-763. [PMID: 26071881 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This pilot study was initiated to provide new information on the 'hormonal' activity of Victorian rivers. Chemcatcher™ passive sampler systems containing Empore™ C18FF disks were deployed at eight riverine sites near Melbourne. Little estrogenic activity [<0.4-1.8 ng estradiol equivalents (EQ)/disk] and no retinoic acid activity (RAR, all samples <0.8 ng trans-retinoic acid EQ/disk) was observed. Almost all sample extracts showed aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity (from <4 to 29 ng β-naphthoflavone EQ/disk). Overall, the disk extracts were eminently compatible with the bioassay screening technology, enabling the relative levels of 'hormonal activity' to be observed in the surface waters in and around Melbourne. From a practical perspective, the in situ sampling and pre-concentration provided by passive sampling reduces the manual handling risks associated with sample transport, and the number of laboratory operations required to obtain assay-ready solutions for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Allinson
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
- Future Farming Systems Research, Department of Primary Industries, DPI Queenscliff Centre, Queenscliff, VIC, 3225, Australia.
| | - Fujio Shiraishi
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Ryo Kamata
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi 23-bancho, Towada-Shi, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Mayumi Allinson
- Future Farming Systems Research, Department of Primary Industries, DPI Queenscliff Centre, Queenscliff, VIC, 3225, Australia
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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27
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Yudkovski Y, Herut B, Shefer E, Tom M. Dioxin-like biological activity of organic extracts from sediments and fish livers sampled along the Israeli Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 98:295-300. [PMID: 26165935 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study provides, for the first time, a baseline evaluation of dioxin-like biological activity in sediments and fish sampled in- and adjacent to anchorages along the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts of Israel. It indicates the effect of past pollution, still present in the sediments of older Israeli harbors, with putative contribution of still existing sources of pollution. A commercial reporter gene bioassay was used to evaluate the biological activity of dioxin-like compounds extracted from the samples. HRGC/HRMS analysis of several samples contributed a profile of dioxin-like compounds in sediments and fish. The results point out 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HeptaCDD, 2,3,4,6,7,8-HexaCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HeptaCDF, РСВ-126 and РСВ-118 as major contributors to the dioxin-like activity in sediments. It indicates polychlorinated biphenyls non-selective absorption in fish livers, in contrary to a biased accumulation of poorly chlorinated and more potent dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Yudkovski
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, P.O.B. 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Barak Herut
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, P.O.B. 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Edna Shefer
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, P.O.B. 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Moshe Tom
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, P.O.B. 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel.
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28
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Synergistic activation of human pregnane X receptor by binary cocktails of pharmaceutical and environmental compounds. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8089. [PMID: 26333997 PMCID: PMC4569708 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are chronically exposed to multiple exogenous substances, including environmental pollutants, drugs and dietary components. Many of these compounds are suspected to impact human health, and their combination in complex mixtures could exacerbate their harmful effects. Here we demonstrate that a pharmaceutical oestrogen and a persistent organochlorine pesticide, both exhibiting low efficacy when studied separately, cooperatively bind to the pregnane X receptor, leading to synergistic activation. Biophysical analysis shows that each ligand enhances the binding affinity of the other, so the binary mixture induces a substantial biological response at doses at which each chemical individually is inactive. High-resolution crystal structures reveal the structural basis for the observed cooperativity. Our results suggest that the formation of ‘supramolecular ligands' within the ligand-binding pocket of nuclear receptors contributes to the synergistic toxic effect of chemical mixtures, which may have broad implications for the fields of endocrine disruption, toxicology and chemical risk assessment. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals act on nuclear hormone receptors, such as PXR. Here, Delfosse et al. show how two such chemicals interact with each other in the PXR ligand-binding pocket, forming a so-called supramolecular ligand that is a more potent PXR activator than each of the two chemicals alone.
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29
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Maier D, Blaha L, Giesy JP, Henneberg A, Köhler HR, Kuch B, Osterauer R, Peschke K, Richter D, Scheurer M, Triebskorn R. Biological plausibility as a tool to associate analytical data for micropollutants and effect potentials in wastewater, surface water, and sediments with effects in fishes. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 72:127-144. [PMID: 25260601 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of substances like pesticides, pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, and chelating agents in surface waters has increased over the last decades due to the rising numbers of chemicals used by humans and because many WWTPs do not eliminate these substances entirely. The study, results of which are presented here, focused on associations of (1) concentrations of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, surface waters, sediments, and tissues of fishes; (2) results of laboratory biotests indicating potentials for effects in these samples and (3) effects either in feral chub (Leuciscus cephalus) from two German rivers (Schussen, Argen) or in brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed in bypass systems to streamwater of these rivers or in cages directly in the rivers. The Schussen and Argen Rivers flow into Lake Constance. The Schussen River is polluted by a great number of chemicals, while the Argen River is less influenced by micropollutants. Pesticides, chelating agents, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were detected in effluents of a WWTP discharging to the Schussen as well as in surface water, and/or fishes from downstream of the WWTP. Results obtained by biotests conducted in the laboratory (genotoxicity, dioxin-like toxicity, and embryotoxicity) were linked to effects in feral fish collected in the vicinity of the WWTP or in fishes exposed in cages or at the bypass systems downstream of the WWTP. Dioxin-like effect potentials detected by reporter gene assays were associated with activation of CYP1A1 enzymes in fishes which are inducible by dioxin-like chemicals. Abundances of several PCBs in tissues of fishes from cages and bypass systems were not associated with these effects but other factors can influence EROD activity. Genotoxic potentials obtained by in vitro tests were associated with the presence of micronuclei in erythrocytes of chub from the river. Chemicals potentially responsible for effects on DNA were identified. Embryotoxic effects on zebrafish (Danio rerio), investigated in the laboratory, were associated with embryotoxic effects in trout exposed in streamwater bypass systems at the two rivers. In general, responses at all levels of organization were more pronounced in samples from the Schussen than in those from the Argen. These results are consistent with the magnitudes of chemical pollution in these two streams. Plausibility chains to establish causality between exposures and effects and to predict effects in biota in the river from studies in the laboratory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Maier
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Biology & Chemistry and State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Anja Henneberg
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-R Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Kuch
- Estate Water Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Raphaela Osterauer
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Peschke
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doreen Richter
- DVGW Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Straße 84, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marco Scheurer
- DVGW Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Straße 84, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany; Steinbeis Transfer-Center for Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Blumenstraße 13, D-72108 Rottenburg, Germany
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30
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Kim SH, Hwang KA, Shim SM, Choi KC. Growth and migration of LNCaP prostate cancer cells are promoted by triclosan and benzophenone-1 via an androgen receptor signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:568-76. [PMID: 25682003 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a global health concern in human males. Recently, it has been known that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may act as an exogenous factor to enhance cancer progression. Triclosan (TCS) and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1) were reported to bioaccumulate in human bodies through the skin absorption. However, there has been insufficient evidence on the findings that the intervention of EDCs may promote the cancer progression in PCa. In the present study, to verify the risk of TCS and BP-1 to a PCa progression, cancer cell proliferation and migration were investigated in LNCaP PCa cells. TCS and BP-1 increased LNCaP cell proliferative activity and migration as did dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This phenomenon was reversed by the treatment with bicalutamide, a well known AR antagonist, suggesting that TCS and BP-1 acted as a xenoandrogen in LNCaP cells via AR signaling pathway by mimicking the action of DHT. A Western blot assay was performed to identify the alterations in the translational levels of cell growth- and metastasis-related markers, i.e., c-fos, cyclin E, p21, and cathepsin D genes. The expressions of genes related with G1/S transition of cell cycle and metastasis were increased by DHT, TCS, and BP-1, while the expression of p21 protein responsible for cell cycle arrest was reduced by DHT, TCS, and BP-1. Taken together, these results indicated that TCS and BP-1 may enhance the progression of PCa by regulating cell cycle and metastasis-related genes via AR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763 Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science & Technology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763 Republic of Korea.
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31
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Families of nuclear receptors in vertebrate models: characteristic and comparative toxicological perspective. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8554. [PMID: 25711679 PMCID: PMC4339804 DOI: 10.1038/srep08554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various synthetic chemicals are ligands for nuclear receptors (NRs) and can cause adverse effects in vertebrates mediated by NRs. While several model vertebrates, such as mouse, chicken, western clawed frog and zebrafish, are widely used in toxicity testing, few NRs have been well described for most of these classes. In this report, NRs in genomes of 12 vertebrates are characterized via bioinformatics approaches. Although numbers of NRs varied among species, with 40-42 genes in birds to 66-74 genes in teleost fishes, all NRs had clear homologs in human and could be categorized into seven subfamilies defined as NR0B-NR6A. Phylogenetic analysis revealed conservative evolutionary relationships for most NRs, which were consistent with traditional morphology-based systematics, except for some exceptions in Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Evolution of PXR and CAR exhibited unexpected multiple patterns and the existence of CAR possibly being traced back to ancient lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods (Sarcopterygii). Compared to the more conservative DBD of NRs, sequences of LBD were less conserved: Sequences of THRs, RARs and RXRs were ≥90% similar to those of the human, ERs, AR, GR, ERRs and PPARs were more variable with similarities of 60%-100% and PXR, CAR, DAX1 and SHP were least conserved among species.
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Baldridge MG, Marks GT, Rawlins RG, Hutz RJ. Very low-dose (femtomolar) 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) disrupts steroidogenic enzyme mRNAs and steroid secretion by human luteinizing granulosa cells. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 52:57-61. [PMID: 25697571 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most toxic congener of the polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which causes anatomical abnormalities and developmental defects, impairs ovulation and reduces fertility. TCDD's endocrine-disrupting effects are, in part, caused by a direct action at the ovary. Herein we investigated the in-vitro effects of environmentally relevant doses of TCDD on estradiol-17β (E2) production by human luteinizing granulosa cells (hLGC) obtained from women stimulated for in-vitro fertilization (IVF). TCDD at all concentrations tested (3.1fM, 3.1pM and 3.1nM) significantly decreased E2 secretion when assayed for by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Herein we confirm that TCDD alters E2 secretion by hLGC in a time-, not dose-dependent fashion and are the first to show decreases in E2 secretion with fM concentrations of TCDD. Using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), the decreased E2 secretion correlates with a decrease in the mRNA expression levels two enzymes in the estrogen biosynthesis pathway: CYP11A1 and CYP19A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Baldridge
- College of Natural Sciences and Health Sciences, Department of Health and Medicine, Carroll University, Waukesha, WI 53186, United States.
| | - G T Marks
- College of Natural Sciences and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Sciences, Carroll University, Waukesha, WI 53186, United States
| | - R G Rawlins
- Rush Copley Center for Reproductive Health, Aurora, IL 60504, United States
| | - R J Hutz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 5321, United States; Department of OB/GYN, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
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Jonas A, Scholz S, Fetter E, Sychrova E, Novakova K, Ortmann J, Benisek M, Adamovsky O, Giesy JP, Hilscherova K. Endocrine, teratogenic and neurotoxic effects of cyanobacteria detected by cellular in vitro and zebrafish embryos assays. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:321-327. [PMID: 25170595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria contain various types of bioactive compounds, which could cause adverse effects on organisms. They are released into surface waters during cyanobacterial blooms, but there is little information on their potential relevance for effects in vivo. In this study presence of bioactive compounds was characterized in cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa (Chroococcales), Planktothrix agardhii (Oscillatoriales) and Aphanizomenon gracile (Nostocales) with selected in vitro assays. The in vivo relevance of detected bioactivities was analysed using transgenic zebrafish embryos tg(cyp19a1b-GFP). Teratogenic potency was assessed by analysis of developmental disorders and effects on functions of the neuromuscular system by video tracking of locomotion. Estrogenicity in vitro corresponded to 0.95-54.6 ng estradiol equivalent(g dry weight (dw))(-1). In zebrafish embryos, estrogenic effects could not be detected potentially because they were masked by high toxicity. There was no detectable (anti)androgenic/glucocorticoid activity in any sample. Retinoid-like activity was determined at 1-1.3 μg all-trans-retinoic acid equivalent(g dw)(-1). Corresponding to the retinoid-like activity A. gracile extract also caused teratogenic effects in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, exposure to biomass extracts at 0.3 gd wL(-1) caused increase of body length in embryos. There were minor effects on locomotion caused by 0.3 gd wL(-1)M. aeruginosa and P. agardhii extracts. The traditionally measured cyanotoxins microcystins did not seem to play significant role in observed effects. This indicates importance of other cyanobacterial compounds at least towards some species or their developmental phases. More attention should be paid to activity of retinoids, estrogens and other bioactive substances in phytoplankton using in vitro and in vivo bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jonas
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Scholz
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eva Fetter
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eliska Sychrova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Novakova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Ortmann
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Benisek
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Adamovsky
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Grimaldi M, Boulahtouf A, Delfosse V, Thouennon E, Bourguet W, Balaguer P. Reporter Cell Lines for the Characterization of the Interactions between Human Nuclear Receptors and Endocrine Disruptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:62. [PMID: 26029163 PMCID: PMC4426785 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances interfering with hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action, and consequently causing disturbances in the endocrine system. Various pathways are activated by EDCs, including interactions with nuclear receptors (NRs), which are primary targets of numerous environmental contaminants. The main NRs targeted by environmental contaminants are the estrogen (ER α, β) and the androgen (AR) receptors. ERs and AR have pleiotropic regulatory roles in a diverse range of tissues, notably in the mammary gland, the uterus, and the prostate. Thus, dysfunctional ERs and AR signaling due to inappropriate exposure to environmental pollutants may lead to hormonal cancers and infertility. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is also recognized by many environmental molecules. PXR has a protective role of the body through its ability to regulate proteins involved in the metabolism, the conjugation, and the transport of many exogenous and endogenous compounds. However, the permanent activation of this receptor by xenobiotics may lead to premature drug metabolism, the formation, and accumulation of toxic metabolites and defects in hormones homeostasis. The activity of other NRs can also be affected by environmental molecules. Compounds capable of inhibiting or activating the estrogen related (ERRγ), the thyroid hormone (TRα, β), the retinoid X receptors (RXRα, β, γ), and peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPAR α, γ) receptors have been identified and are highly suspected to promote developmental, reproductive, neurological, or metabolic diseases in humans and wildlife. In this review, we provide an overview of reporter cell lines established to characterize the human NR activities of a large panel of EDCs including natural as well as industrial compounds such as pesticides, plasticizers, surfactants, flame retardants, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grimaldi
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- U1194, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdelhay Boulahtouf
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- U1194, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vanessa Delfosse
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- U1054, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Erwan Thouennon
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- U1194, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- U1054, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- U1194, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Patrick Balaguer, U1194, IRCM, INSERM, ICM, Parc Euromédecine, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier 34090, France,
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Delfosse V, Grimaldi M, Cavaillès V, Balaguer P, Bourguet W. Structural and functional profiling of environmental ligands for estrogen receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:1306-13. [PMID: 25260197 PMCID: PMC4256047 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals are exposed daily to environmental pollutants that may act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), causing a range of developmental, reproductive, metabolic, or neoplastic diseases. With their mostly hydrophobic pocket that serves as a docking site for endogenous and exogenous ligands, nuclear receptors (NRs) can be primary targets of small molecule environmental contaminants. However, most of these compounds are chemically unrelated to natural hormones, so their binding modes and associated hormonal activities are hardly predictable. OBJECTIVES We conducted a correlative analysis of structural and functional data to gain insight into the mechanisms by which 12 members of representative families of pollutants bind to and activate the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. METHODS We used a battery of biochemical, structural, biophysical, and cell-based approaches to characterize the interaction between ERs and their environmental ligands. RESULTS Our study revealed that the chemically diverse compounds bound to ERs via varied sets of protein-ligand interactions, reflecting their differential activities, binding affinities, and specificities. We observed xenoestrogens binding to both ERs-with affinities ranging from subnanomolar to micromolar values-and acting in a subtype-dependent fashion as full agonists or partial agonists/antagonists by using different combinations of the activation functions 1 and 2 of ERα and ERβ. CONCLUSIONS The precise characterization of the interactions between major environmental pollutants and two of their primary biological targets provides rational guidelines for the design of safer chemicals, and will increase the accuracy and usefulness of structure-based computational methods, allowing for activity prediction of chemicals in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Delfosse
- Inserm (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) U1054, Montpellier, France
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Chen MHC, Hsu LC, Wu JL, Yeh CW, Tsai JN, Hseu YC, Hsu LS. Exposure to benzidine caused apoptosis and malformation of telencephalon region in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1428-1436. [PMID: 23766236 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to benzidine has been known to induce human cancers, particularly bladder carcinomas. In this study, the zebrafish model was used to investigate the developmental toxicity of benzidine. Embryos at 6 h postfertilization (hpf) that were exposed to benzidine exhibited embryonic death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Benzidine induced malformations in zebrafish, such as small brain development, shorter axes, and a slight pericardial edema. High concentrations (50, 100, and 200 µM) of benzidine triggered widespread apoptosis in the brain and dorsal neurons, as evidenced by acridine orange and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis also showed that benzidine treatment affected p53, bax, and noxa expression. Decreases in specific brain markers, such as emx1 in the telencephalon, ngn1 in differentiated neurons, and otx2 in the midbrain, were observed in benzidine-treated embryos at 24 hpf. Conversely, no overt changes to pax2.1 expression in the midbrain-hindbrain boundary were found. Moreover, the use of Tg(HuC:GFP) zebrafish showed that benzidine caused a malformation of the telencephalon region. Our findings show that benzidine exposure triggers widespread apoptosis in the zebrafish brain and dorsal neurons, resulting in the development of an abnormal telencephalon.
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André A, Ruivo R, Gesto M, Castro LFC, Santos MM. Retinoid metabolism in invertebrates: when evolution meets endocrine disruption. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 208:134-45. [PMID: 25132059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent genomic and biochemical evidence in invertebrate species pushes back the origin of the retinoid metabolic and signaling modules to the last common ancestor of all bilaterians. However, the evolution of retinoid pathways are far from fully understood. In the majority of non-chordate invertebrate lineages, the ongoing functional characterization of retinoid-related genes (metabolism and signaling pathways), as well as the characterization of the endogenous retinoid content (precursors and active retinoids), is still incomplete. Despite limited, the available data supports the presence of biologically active retinoid pathways in invertebrates. Yet, the mechanisms controlling the spatial and temporal distribution of retinoids as well as their physiological significance share similarities and differences with vertebrates. For instance, retinol storage in the form of retinyl esters, a key feature for the maintenance of retinoid homeostatic balance in vertebrates, was only recently demonstrated in some mollusk species, suggesting that such ability is older than previously anticipated. In contrast, the enzymatic repertoire involved in this process is probably unlike that of vertebrates. The suggested ancestry of active retinoid pathways implies that many more metazoan species might be potential targets for endocrine disrupting chemicals. Here, we review the current knowledge about the occurrence and functionality of retinoid metabolic and signaling pathways in invertebrate lineages, paying special attention to the evolutionary origin of retinoid storage mechanisms. Additionally, we summarize existing information on the endocrine disruption of invertebrate retinoid modules by environmental chemicals. Research priorities in the field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A André
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - R Ruivo
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M Gesto
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M M Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Wang J, Bernhöft S, Pfister G, Schramm KW. Water exposure assessment of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in Three Gorges Reservoir, China using SPMD-based virtual organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 496:26-34. [PMID: 25058931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
SPMD-based virtual organisms (VOs) were deployed at five to eight sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), China for five periods in 2008, 2009 and 2011. The water exposure of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists was assessed by the VOs. The chosen bioassay response for the extracts of the VOs, the induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) was assayed using a rat hepatoma cell line (H4IIE). The results show that the extracts from the VOs could induce AhR activity significantly, whereas the chemically derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalent (TEQcal) accounted for <11% of the observed AhR responses (TEQbio). Unidentified AhR-active compounds represented a greater proportion of the TCDD equivalent in VOs from TGR. High TEQbio value in diluted extract and low TEQbio in concentrated extract of the same sample was observed suggesting potential non-additive effects in the mixture. The levels of AhR agonists in VOs from upstream TGR were in general higher than those from downstream reservoir, indicating urbanization effect on AhR agonist pollution. The temporal variation showed that levels of AhR agonists in 2009 and 2011 were higher than those in 2008, and the potential non-additive effects in the area close to the dam were also obviously higher in 2009 and 2011 than in 2008, indicating big changes in the composition of pollutants in the area after water level reached a maximum of 175 m. Although the aqueous concentration of AhR agonists of 0.8-4.8 pg TCDDL(-1) in TGR was not alarming, the tendency of accumulating high concentration of AhR agonists in VO lipid and existence of possible synergism or antagonism in the water may exhibit a potential hazard to local biota being exposed to AhR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Wang
- TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung Landnutzung und Umwelt, Department für Biowissenschaften, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Silke Bernhöft
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Pfister
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung Landnutzung und Umwelt, Department für Biowissenschaften, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Fossi MC, Casini S, Maltese S, Panti C, Spinsanti G, Marsili L. An "ex vivo" model to evaluate toxicological responses to mixtures of contaminants in cetaceans: integumentum biopsy slices. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1107-1121. [PMID: 23339137 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The need for powerful new tools to detect the effects of chemical pollution, in particular of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Mediterranean cetaceans led us to develop and apply a suite of sensitive biomarkers for integument biopsies of stranded and free-ranging animals. This multi-response ex vivo method has the aim to detect toxicological effects of contaminant mixtures. In the present study, we applied an ex vivo assay using skin biopsy and liver slices, combining molecular biomarkers [Western blot of Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and Cytochrome P450 2B (CYP2B)] and gene expression biomarkers (Quantitative real-time PCR of CYP1A1, heat shock protein 70, estrogen receptor alpha and E2F transcription factor) in response to chemical exposure [organochlorines compounds (OCs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and PAHs] for stranded Mediterranean Stenella coeruleoalba. The main goal of this experiment was to identify the biomarker and/or a suite of biomarkers that could best detect the presence of a specific class of pollutants (OCs, PBDEs, and PAHs) or a mixture of them. This multi-response biomarker methodology revealed an high sensitivity and selectivity of responses (such as CYP1A and ER α mRNA variations after OCs and PAHs exposure) and could represent a valid future approach for the study of inter- and intra-species sensitivities to various classes of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Earth, Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Zheng L, Xu T, Li D, Zhou J. A representative retinoid X receptor antagonist UVI3003 induced teratogenesis in zebrafish embryos. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:280-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research; East China Normal University; 3663 Zhongshan (N) Road Shanghai 200062 China
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology; University of Illinois College of Medicine; One Illini Drive Peoria IL 61605 USA
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research; East China Normal University; 3663 Zhongshan (N) Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Daoji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research; East China Normal University; 3663 Zhongshan (N) Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Junliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research; East China Normal University; 3663 Zhongshan (N) Road Shanghai 200062 China
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Yamada H, Takeda T, Koga T, Ishii Y. [Role of the critical period in sex and brain differentiation: learning from dioxin-induced disorders in next generations]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2014; 134:529-35. [PMID: 24694814 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sexual differentiation of animal fetuses and infants needs stimuli by sex steroids, which are produced in their own gonads, during a short window ('critical period') of pre- and post-natal periods. Our laboratory has conducted a series of studies focusing on the damage to next generations by dioxins. When pregnant rats are exposed to a prototype of dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 1 μg/kg), sexual immaturity such as defects in copulation behavior as well as growth retardation emerges in their pups. We have provided evidence that such disorders are evoked, if not all, from a transient reduction in the gonadal synthesis of sex steroids in fetuses/infants during the critical period. Our studies also revealed that TCDD initially reduces the pituitary expression of luteinizing hormone (LH) to exert the effect on steroidogenesis. Several mechanisms seem to be involved in a TCDD-induced reduction in LH expression. For example, a change in epigenetic regulation in the pituitary and impaired energy production in the hypothalamus are suggested to contribute to the above reduction. Current our study has demonstrated that a transient reduction in the pituitary-gonad axis fixes the lowered expression of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone, resulting in defects in sexual behavior. Through these topics, we discuss the role of the critical period in differentiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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Wang J, Song G, Li A, Henkelmann B, Pfister G, Tong AZ, Schramm KW. Combined chemical and toxicological long-term monitoring for AhR agonists with SPMD-based virtual organisms in drinking water Danjiangkou Reservoir, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 108:306-313. [PMID: 24548649 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
SPMD-based virtual organisms (VOs) were employed for time-integrating, long-term sampling combined biological and chemical analyses for exposure assessment of hydrophobic organic pollutants (HOPs) in a drinking water reservoir, China. The SPMDs were deployed at four and five sites in the Danjiangkou (DJK) reservoir over two periods of 26 and 31 d to sequester the hydrophobic contaminants in water. The chosen bioassay response for the extracts of the SPMDs, the induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) was assayed using a rat hepatoma cell line (H4IIE). The known aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists PAHs and PCBs were analyzed by HRGC/HRMS instrument. The cause-effect relationship between the observed AhR activities and chemical concentrations of detected AhR agonists was examined. The results show that the extracts from the SPMD samples could induce AhR activity significantly, whereas the chemically derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalent (TEQcal) was not correlated with the bioassay-derived TCDD equivalent (TEQbio). The known AhR agonists could only account for 2-10% of the observed AhR responses among which the contribution of PCBs could almost be neglected. Unidentified AhR-active compounds represented a greater proportion of the TCDD equivalent (TCDD-EQ) in SPMD samples from DJK. Based on the first assessment, the VO followed by the combination of chemical and biological analyses emerges as a resource efficient water monitoring device in ecotoxicological assessment for toxicologically relevant compounds which are readily available for uptake by resident aquatic biota in drinking water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan fuer Ernaehrung und Landnutzung, Department fuer Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada.
| | - Guoqiang Song
- Hubei Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Aimin Li
- Hubei Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Bernhard Henkelmann
- Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Pfister
- Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Z Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan fuer Ernaehrung und Landnutzung, Department fuer Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany.
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Zhu J, Shi H, Zhu P, Hu L, Wu L, Yang Y, Rotchell JM. Effects of antagonist of retinoid X receptor (UVI3003) on morphology and gene profile of Xenopus tropicalis embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:153-162. [PMID: 24950139 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We exposed Xenopus tropicalis embryos to a selective antagonist of retinoid X receptor (UVI3003). UVI3003 induced multiple malformations at the concentrations of 200-1000 μg/L after 48 h exposure. The most prominent malformations affected brains, eyes, cement gland and fins. UVI3003 also induced variable and divergent malformations at 250-1500 μg/L after 0-24 and 24-48 h exposure. Microarray analysis showed that seven genes (rps15, serp2, fmr1, cyp2e1, lrrc9, ugtla6 and LOC100490188) were differentially regulated in all three treatment groups after 0-24h exposure. The most significantly affected pathway was galactose metabolism. In 24-48 h exposure groups, 18 genes were differentially regulated, mainly comprising components of the PPAR signaling pathway. These results suggested that UVI3003 is teratogenic in amphibian embryos. Differential gene expression suggests that galactose metabolism and PPAR signaling pathways may provide underlying mechanistic detail accounting for the observed malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Pan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lijiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jeanette M Rotchell
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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Kudłak B, Szczepańska N, Owczarek K, Mazerska Z, Namieśnik J. Revision of Biological Methods for Determination of EDC Presence and Their Endocrine Potential. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2014; 45:191-200. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.904731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Henneberg A, Bender K, Blaha L, Giebner S, Kuch B, Köhler HR, Maier D, Oehlmann J, Richter D, Scheurer M, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Sieratowicz A, Ziebart S, Triebskorn R. Are in vitro methods for the detection of endocrine potentials in the aquatic environment predictive for in vivo effects? Outcomes of the Projects SchussenAktiv and SchussenAktivplus in the Lake Constance Area, Germany. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98307. [PMID: 24901835 PMCID: PMC4047013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies about endocrine pollution in the aquatic environment reveal changes in the reproduction system of biota. We analysed endocrine activities in two rivers in Southern Germany using three approaches: (1) chemical analyses, (2) in vitro bioassays, and (3) in vivo investigations in fish and snails. Chemical analyses were based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. For in vitro analyses of endocrine potentials in water, sediment, and waste water samples, we used the E-screen assay (human breast cancer cells MCF-7) and reporter gene assays (human cell line HeLa-9903 and MDA-kb2). In addition, we performed reproduction tests with the freshwater mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum to analyse water and sediment samples. We exposed juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) to water downstream of a wastewater outfall (Schussen River) or to water from a reference site (Argen River) to investigate the vitellogenin production. Furthermore, two feral fish species, chub (Leuciscus cephalus) and spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus), were caught in both rivers to determine their gonadal maturity and the gonadosomatic index. Chemical analyses provided only little information about endocrine active substances, whereas the in vitro assays revealed endocrine potentials in most of the samples. In addition to endocrine potentials, we also observed toxic potentials (E-screen/reproduction test) in waste water samples, which could interfere with and camouflage endocrine effects. The results of our in vivo tests were mostly in line with the results of the in vitro assays and revealed a consistent reproduction-disrupting (reproduction tests) and an occasional endocrine action (vitellogenin levels) in both investigated rivers, with more pronounced effects for the Schussen river (e.g. a lower gonadosomatic index). We were able to show that biological in vitro assays for endocrine potentials in natural stream water reasonably reflect reproduction and endocrine disruption observed in snails and field-exposed fish, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Henneberg
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Bender
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sabrina Giebner
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertram Kuch
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heinz-R. Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Diana Maier
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Agnes Sieratowicz
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simone Ziebart
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Érseková A, Hilscherová K, Klánová J, Giesy JP, Novák J. Effect-based assessment of passive air samples from four countries in Eastern Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:3905-16. [PMID: 24532343 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although passive sampling has been previously used for the monitoring of volatile and semi-volatile contaminants in air, there are limited data on the use of this technique coupled with bioassays based on specific biological responses. Biological responses including those mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptor as well as (anti-)estrogenicity and (anti-)androgenicity of samples from four Eastern European countries (Lithuania, Slovakia, Romania, and Serbia) were determined. To address the potential differences of specific toxic potencies of pollutant mixtures in ambient air in Eastern Europe, each country was characterized by a single more remote location that served to determine regional background conditions and one location in more urbanized and industrialized locations, which were defined as "impacted" areas. Besides samples from Lithuania, a significant gradient in concentrations of AhR-mediated potency from background and impacted localities was observed. Greatest potencies were measured in samples from impacted locations in Romania and Slovakia. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that were quantified accounted for 3-33 % of the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents determined by use of the bioassay. No significant estrogenic potency was detected but anti-estrogenic effects were produced by air from two background locations (Lithuania, Slovakia) and three impacted locations (Lithuania, Romania, and Serbia). Anti-androgenic potency was observed in all samples. The greatest anti-estrogenic potency was observed at the background location in Slovakia. Anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic potencies of studied air samples were probably associated with compounds that are not routinely monitored. The study documents suitability of passive air sampling for the assessment of specific toxic potencies of ambient air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Érseková
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
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A mathematical model of the immune and neuroendocrine systems mutual regulation under the technogenic chemical factors impact. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2014; 2014:492489. [PMID: 24872840 PMCID: PMC4020569 DOI: 10.1155/2014/492489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The concept of the triad regulatory metasystem, which includes the neuroendocrine and immune regulation systems, is currently generally accepted. Changes occurring in each of the regulatory systems in response to the impact of technogenic chemical factors are also well known. This paper presents mathematical models of the immune and neuroendocrine system functioning, using the interaction between these systems in response to bacterial invasion as an example, and changes in their performance under exposure to chemical factors, taking into account the stage of functional disorders in a producing organ, using the performance of the bone marrow as an example.
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Macikova P, Kalabova T, Klanova J, Kukucka P, Giesy JP, Hilscherova K. Longer-term and short-term variability in pollution of fluvial sediments by dioxin-like and endocrine disruptive compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:5007-5022. [PMID: 24363052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in pollutant loads in relatively dynamic river sediments, which contain very complex mixtures of compounds, can play a crucial role in the fate and effects of pollutants in fluvial ecosystems. The contamination of sediments by bioactive substances can be sensitively assessed by in vitro bioassays. This is the first study that characterizes detailed short- and long-term changes in concentrations of contaminants with several modes of action in river sediments. One-year long monthly study described seasonal and spatial variability of contamination of sediments in a representative industrialized area by dioxin-like and endocrine disruptive chemicals. There were significant seasonal changes in both antiandrogenic and androgenic as well as dioxin-like potential of river sediments, while there were no general seasonal trends in estrogenicity. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent potency (dioxin-like potency) expressed as biological TCDD-equivalents (BIOTEQ) was in the range of 0.5-17.7 ng/g, dry mass (dm). The greatest BIOTEQ levels in sediments were observed during winter, particularly at locations downstream of the industrial area. Estrogenicity expressed as estradiol equivalents (EEQ) was in the range of 0.02-3.8 ng/g, dm. Antiandrogenicity was detected in all samples, while androgenic potency in the range of 0.7-16.8 ng/g, dm dihydrotestosterone equivalents (DHT-EQ) was found in only 30 % of samples, most often during autumn, when antiandrogenicity was the least. PAHs were predominant contaminants among analyzed pollutants, responsible, on average, for 13-21 % of BIOTEQ. Longer-term changes in concentrations of BIOTEQ corresponded to seasonal fluctuations, whereas for EEQ, the inter-annual changes at some locations were greater than seasonal variability during 1 year. The inter- as well as intra-annual variability in concentrations of both BIOTEQ and EEQ at individual sites was greater in spring than in autumn which was related to hydrological conditions in the river. This study stresses the importance of river hydrology and its seasonal variations in the design of effective sampling campaigns, as well as in the interpretation of any monitoring results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Macikova
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Consequences of metal exposure on retinoid metabolism in vertebrates: a review. Toxicol Lett 2013; 225:1-11. [PMID: 24291063 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
What we generally refer to as 'vitamin A' is a group of naturally-occurring molecules structurally similar to retinol that are capable of exerting biological activity. These retinoids are essential to diverse physiological functions including vision, immune response, bone mineralization, reproduction, cell differentiation, and growth. As well, some retinoids have antioxidant properties. Independent studies published over the last few decades have revealed that many fish and wildlife populations living in highly polluted environments have altered retinoid status possibly associated with retinoid metabolic or homeostatic mechanisms. Substantial evidence links organic contaminant exposure with changes in retinoid status in animal populations, but only a few detailed studies have been published implicating inorganic contaminants such as metals. This mini-review selectively deals with field and laboratory studies reporting associations between environmental contaminants, especially trace metals, and alterations in retinoid status. Both essential and non-essential trace metals have been reported to affect retinoid status. This review focuses on metabolic imbalances of retinoids in relation to metal contamination and illustrates possible modes of action. The role of retinoids as antioxidants and their potential as biomarkers of metal contamination are discussed.
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50
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Li X, Ma J, Jing C, Wang J. Expression alterations of cytochromes P4501A1, 2E1, and 3A, and their receptors AhR and PXR caused by 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in mouse mammary carcinoma cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2488-2492. [PMID: 24094773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) play a key role in the metabolism of a wide range of environmental xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The expression and activity levels of CYPs can be elevated by a process of induction involving the activation of nuclear receptors. The effects of the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C(8)mim][Cl]) on the expression of cytochrome P450 members, including CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A, as well as on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) in mouse mammary carcinoma cells (EMT6) were investigated by using quantitative real-time PCR in the present study. The results reveal that [C(8)mim][Cl]-exposure up-regulates the expressions of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A at mRNA level, suggesting that imidazolium-based ionic liquids can activate CYPs. Our results also suggest that [C(8)mim][Cl]-mediated CYP3A induction be PXR-dependent. This result may be beneficial to evaluating the environmental toxicity of imidazolium-based ionic liquids and investigating the metabolism of imidazolium-derivative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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