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Zhang P, Ding J, Wang Q, McDowell NG, Kong D, Tong Y, Yin H. Contrasting coordination of non-structural carbohydrates with leaf and root economic strategies of alpine coniferous forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:580-590. [PMID: 38488228 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), as the labile fraction and dominant carbon currency, are essential mediators of plant adaptation to environments. However, whether and how NSC coordinates with plant economic strategy frameworks, particularly the well-recognized leaf economics spectrums (LES) and root economics space (RES), remains unclear. We examined the relationships between NSC and key plant economics traits in leaves and fine roots across 90 alpine coniferous populations on the Tibetan Plateau, China. We observed contrasting coordination of NSC with economics traits in leaves and roots. Leaf total NSC and soluble sugar aligned with the leaf economic spectrum, conveying a trade-off between growth and storage in leaves. However, NSC in roots was independent of the root economic spectrum, but highly coordinated with root foraging, with more starch and less sugar in forage-efficient, thinner roots. Further, NSC-trait coordination in leaves and roots was, respectively, driven by local temperature and precipitation. These findings highlight distinct roles of NSC in shaping the above- and belowground multidimensional economics trait space, and NSC-based carbon economics provides a mechanistic understanding of how plants adapt to heterogeneous habitats and respond to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junxiang Ding
- College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qitong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Deliang Kong
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Huajun Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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2
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de Celis M, Fernández-Alonso MJ, Belda I, García C, Ochoa-Hueso R, Palomino J, Singh BK, Yin Y, Wang JT, Abdala-Roberts L, Alfaro FD, Angulo-Pérez D, Arthikala MK, Corwin J, Gui-Lan D, Hernandez-Lopez A, Nanjareddy K, Pasari B, Quijano-Medina T, Rivera DS, Shaaf S, Trivedi P, Yang Q, Zaady E, Zhu YG, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Milla R, García-Palacios P. The abundant fraction of soil microbiomes regulates the rhizosphere function in crop wild progenitors. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14462. [PMID: 39031813 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The rhizosphere influence on the soil microbiome and function of crop wild progenitors (CWPs) remains virtually unknown, despite its relevance to develop microbiome-oriented tools in sustainable agriculture. Here, we quantified the rhizosphere influence-a comparison between rhizosphere and bulk soil samples-on bacterial, fungal, protists and invertebrate communities and on soil multifunctionality across nine CWPs at their sites of origin. Overall, rhizosphere influence was higher for abundant taxa across the four microbial groups and had a positive influence on rhizosphere soil organic C and nutrient contents compared to bulk soils. The rhizosphere influence on abundant soil microbiomes was more important for soil multifunctionality than rare taxa and environmental conditions. Our results are a starting point towards the use of CWPs for rhizosphere engineering in modern crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Celis
- Departamento de Suelo, Planta y Calidad Ambiental, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Fernández-Alonso
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Belda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos García
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Raúl Ochoa-Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Javier Palomino
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Tao Wang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Fernando D Alfaro
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Angulo-Pérez
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jason Corwin
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Duan Gui-Lan
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Lopez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Kalpana Nanjareddy
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Babak Pasari
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Teresa Quijano-Medina
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Daniela S Rivera
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Salar Shaaf
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Qingwen Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Eli Zaady
- Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Mobile Post Negev, Israel
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rubén Milla
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Departamento de Suelo, Planta y Calidad Ambiental, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Tang H, Li Y, Sun X, Zhou X, Li C, Ma L, Liu J, Jiang K, Ding Z, Liu S, Yu P, Jia L, Zhang F. Variation of the Start Date of the Vegetation Growing Season (SOS) and Its Climatic Drivers in the Tibetan Plateau. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1065. [PMID: 38674475 PMCID: PMC11054351 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Climate change inevitably affects vegetation growth in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Understanding the dynamics of vegetation phenology and the responses of vegetation phenology to climate change are crucial for evaluating the impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. Despite many relevant studies conducted in the past, there still remain research gaps concerning the dominant factors that induce changes in the start date of the vegetation growing season (SOS). In this study, the spatial and temporal variations of the SOS were investigated by using a long-term series of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) spanning from 2001 to 2020, and the response of the SOS to climate change and the predominant climatic factors (air temperature, LST or precipitation) affecting the SOS were explored. The main findings were as follows: the annual mean SOS concentrated on 100 DOY-170 DOY (day of a year), with a delay from east to west. Although the SOS across the entire region exhibited an advancing trend at a rate of 0.261 days/year, there were notable differences in the advancement trends of SOS among different vegetation types. In contrast to the current advancing SOS, the trend of future SOS changes shows a delayed trend. For the impacts of climate change on the SOS, winter Tmax (maximum temperature) played the dominant role in the temporal shifting of spring phenology across the TP, and its effect on SOS was negative, meaning that an increase in winter Tmax led to an earlier SOS. Considering the different conditions required for the growth of various types of vegetation, the leading factor was different for the four vegetation types. This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of SOS variation in the TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanya Tang
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.T.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (K.J.); (Z.D.); (S.L.); (P.Y.); (L.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yongke Li
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Xizao Sun
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.T.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (K.J.); (Z.D.); (S.L.); (P.Y.); (L.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Zhuhai Orbita Aerospace Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519080, China;
| | - Cheng Li
- Observation and Research Station of Ecological Restoration for Chongqing Typical Mining Areas, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 401120, China; (C.L.); (L.M.)
- Wansheng Mining Area Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Observation and Research Station of Ecological Restoration for Chongqing Typical Mining Areas, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 401120, China; (C.L.); (L.M.)
- Wansheng Mining Area Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jinlian Liu
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.T.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (K.J.); (Z.D.); (S.L.); (P.Y.); (L.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Ke Jiang
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.T.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (K.J.); (Z.D.); (S.L.); (P.Y.); (L.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Zhi Ding
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.T.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (K.J.); (Z.D.); (S.L.); (P.Y.); (L.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.T.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (K.J.); (Z.D.); (S.L.); (P.Y.); (L.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Pujia Yu
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.T.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (K.J.); (Z.D.); (S.L.); (P.Y.); (L.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Luyao Jia
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.T.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (K.J.); (Z.D.); (S.L.); (P.Y.); (L.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.T.); (X.S.); (J.L.); (K.J.); (Z.D.); (S.L.); (P.Y.); (L.J.); (F.Z.)
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4
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Otieno EO, Shen C, Zhang K, Wan J, He M, Tao Z, Huang W, Siemann E. Effects of nutrient pulses on exotic species shift from positive to neutral with decreasing water availability. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2805. [PMID: 36583667 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Temporal fluctuation in nutrient availability generally promotes the growth of exotic plant species and has been recognized as an important driver of exotic plant invasions. However, little is known about how the impact of fluctuating nutrients on exotic species is dependent on the availability of other resources, although most ecosystems are experiencing dramatic variations in a wide variety of resources due to global change and human disturbance. Here, we explored how water availability mediates the effect of nutrient pulses on the growth of six exotic and six native plant species. We subjected individual plants of exotic and native species to well watered or water stressed conditions. For each level of water availability, we added equivalent amounts of nutrients at a constant rate, as a single large pulse, or in multiple small pulses. Under well watered conditions, nutrient pulses promoted exotic plant growth relative to nutrients supplied constantly, while they had no significant effect on natives. In contrast, under water stressed conditions, water deficiency inhibited the growth of all exotic and native species. More importantly, nutrient pulses did not increase plant growth relative to nutrients supplied constantly and these phenomena were observed for both exotic and native species. Taken together, our study shows that the impact of fluctuating nutrient availability on the growth of exotic plant species strongly depends on the variation of other resources, and that the positive effect of nutrient pulses under well watered conditions disappears under water stressed conditions. Our findings suggest that the variation in multiple resources may have complex feedback on exotic plant invasions and, therefore, it is critical to encompass multiple resources for the evaluation of fluctuating resource availability effects on exotic plant species. This will allow us to project the invasive trajectory of exotic plant species more accurately under future global change and human disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans O Otieno
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changchao Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaoping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Minyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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5
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Pawłowska B, Wojtala D, Biczak R. Ionic Liquids as Environmental Pollutants-Analysis of the Effect of Tetrabutylammonium Chloride on the Growth and Development of Wheat and Cucumber. TOXICS 2023; 11:522. [PMID: 37368622 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are a huge group of chemical compounds that have found, or may, in the future, find, applications in various industries. These compounds are characterized by excellent physical, chemical, and biological properties, but a big problem is their environmental impact. One of the representatives of this group of compounds is tetrabutylammonium chloride ([TBA][Cl]). In this present study, the effects of [TBA][Cl] were evaluated on two popular plant species-a monocotyledonous plant-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and a dicotyledonous plant-cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The results showed that the compound caused a pronounced inhibition of plant growth and roots, as well as plant fresh weight yield. An increase in plant dry weight was observed at the same time. Despite the decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments, no major changes were observed in chlorophyll fluorescence. All observed changes were strongly related to the applied concentration of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pawłowska
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Dagmara Wojtala
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Robert Biczak
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
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Ma L, Chai C, Wu W, Qi P, Liu X, Hao J. Hydrogels as the plant culture substrates: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 305:120544. [PMID: 36737215 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A class of hydrophilic polymers known as "hydrogels" have extensive water content and three-dimensional crosslinked networks. Since the old period, they have been utilized as plant culture substrates to get around the drawbacks of hydroponics and soil. Numerous hydrogels, particularly polysaccharides with exceptional stability, high clarity, and low cost can be employed as plant substrates. Although numerous novel and functionalized hydrogels might assist in overcoming the drawbacks of conventional media and giving them more functions, the existing hydrogel-based plant growth substrates rarely benefit from the developments of gels in the previous few decades. Prospects include the development of new conduction techniques, the creation of potential new hydrogels, and the functionalization of the hydrogel as plant culture substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Chai
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Wenna Wu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Ping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Xingcen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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7
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Cornejo NS, Becker JN, Hemp A, Hertel D. Effects of land-use change and disturbance on the fine root biomass, dynamics, morphology, and related C and N fluxes to the soil of forest ecosystems at different elevations at Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania). Oecologia 2023; 201:1089-1107. [PMID: 36944897 PMCID: PMC10113319 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are threatened by anthropogenic activities such as conversion into agricultural land, logging and fires. Land-use change and disturbance affect ecosystems not only aboveground, but also belowground including the ecosystems' carbon and nitrogen cycle. We studied the impact of different types of land-use change (intensive and traditional agroforestry, logging) and disturbance by fire on fine root biomass, dynamics, morphology, and related C and N fluxes to the soil via fine root litter across different ecosystems at different elevational zones at Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania). We found a decrease in fine root biomass (80-90%), production (50%), and C and N fluxes to the soil via fine root litter (60-80%) at all elevation zones. The traditional agroforestry 'Chagga homegardens' (lower montane zone) showed enhanced fine root turnover rates, higher values of acquisitive root morphological traits, but similar stand fine root production, C and N fluxes compared to the natural forest. The decrease of C and N fluxes with forest disturbance was particularly strong at the upper montane zone (60 and 80% decrease, respectively), where several patches of Podocarpus forest had been disturbed by fire in the previous years. We conclude that changes on species composition, stand structure and land management practices resulting from land-use change and disturbance have a strong impact on the fine root system, modifying fine root biomass, production and the C and N supply to the soil from fine root litter, which strongly affects the ecosystems' C and N cycle in those East African tropical forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sierra Cornejo
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht-Von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Joscha N Becker
- Institute of Soil Science, CEN Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hemp
- Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dietrich Hertel
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht-Von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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8
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Fu S, Deng Y, Zou K, Zhang S, Duan Z, Wu X, Zhou J, Li S, Liu X, Liang Y. Dynamic variation of Paris polyphylla root-associated microbiome assembly with planting years. PLANTA 2023; 257:61. [PMID: 36808254 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
P. polyphylla selectively enriches beneficial microorganisms to help their growth. Paris polyphylla (P. polyphylla) is an important perennial plant for Chinese traditional medicine. Uncovering the interaction between P. polyphylla and the related microorganisms would help to utilize and cultivate P. polyphylla. However, studies focusing on P. polyphylla and related microbes are scarce, especially on the assembly mechanisms and dynamics of the P. polyphylla microbiome. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes was implemented to investigate the diversity, community assembly process and molecular ecological network of the bacterial communities in three root compartments (bulk soil, rhizosphere, and root endosphere) across three years. Our results demonstrated that the composition and assembly process of the microbial community in different compartments varied greatly and were strongly affected by planting years. Bacterial diversity was reduced from bulk soils to rhizosphere soils to root endosphere and varied over time. Microorganisms benefit to plants was selectively enriched in P. polyphylla roots as was its core microbiome, including Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Steroidobacter, Sphingobium and Agrobacterium. The network's complexity and the proportion of stochasticity in the community assembly process increased. Besides, nitrogen metabolism, carbon metabolism, phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism genes in bulk soils increased over time. These findings suggest that P. polyphylla exerts a selective effect to enrich the beneficial microorganisms and proves the sequential increasing selection pressure with P. polyphylla growth. Our work adds to the understanding of the dynamic processes of plant-associated microbial community assembly, guides the selection and application timing of P. polyphylla-associated microbial inoculants and is vital for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Fu
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Kai Zou
- College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuangfei Zhang
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhenchun Duan
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xinhong Wu
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shihui Li
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yili Liang
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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Jacques C, Girodet S, Leroy F, Pluchon S, Salon C, Prudent M. Memory or acclimation of water stress in pea rely on root system's plasticity and plant's ionome modulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1089720. [PMID: 36762182 PMCID: PMC9905705 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1089720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peas, as legume crops, could play a major role in the future of food security in the context of worldwide human nutrient deficiencies coupled with the growing need to reduce consumption of animal products. However, pea yields, in terms of quantity and quality (i.e. grain content), are both susceptible to climate change, and more specifically to water deficits, which nowadays occur more frequently during crop growth cycles and tend to last longer. The impact of soil water stress on plant development and plant growth is complex, as its impact varies depending on soil water availability (through the modulation of elements available in the soil), and by the plant's ability to acclimate to continuous stress or to memorize previous stress events. METHOD To identify the strategies underlying these plant responses to water stress events, pea plants were grown in controlled conditions under optimal water treatment and different types of water stress; transient (during vegetative or reproductive periods), recurrent, and continuous (throughout the plant growth cycle). Traits related to water, carbon, and ionome uptake and uses were measured and allowed the identification typical plant strategies to cope with water stress. CONCLUSION Our results highlighted (i) the common responses to the three types of water stress in shoots, involving manganese (Mn) in particular, (ii) the potential implications of boron (B) for root architecture modification under continuous stress, and (iii) the establishment of an "ecophysiological imprint" in the root system via an increase in nodule numbers during the recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Jacques
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Girodet
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Fanny Leroy
- Plateforme PLATIN’, US EMerode, Normandie Université, Unicaen, Caen, France
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Centre Mondial de l’Innovation Roullier, TIMAC AGRO, Saint Malo, France
| | - Christophe Salon
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marion Prudent
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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10
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He M, Li Z, Chen C, Mei P. Impact of soil types and root exudates on cadmium and petroleum hydrocarbon phytoremediation by Sorghum sudanense, Festuca arundinace, and Lolium perenne. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1036765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of industrialization, soils around the world have been polluted by heavy metals and oil to different degrees in recent years, and soil remediation has become a global problem. Phytoremediation has a wide application prospect because of its environmental friendliness and easy availability of materials.ObjectiveTo explore the effects of soil types and root exudates on the removal of cadmium and petroleum hydrocarbon in soils.MethodA pot experiments with three soil types (sandy, loamy and clayey) of the Changning-Weiyuan area of Sichuan province and three root exudates (citric acid, glycine, and maltose) were carried out using Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf., Lolium perenne L., and Festuca arundinacea L. as test materials. Plants were grown in soils contaminated by cadmium and petroleum at different concentrations.ResultThe biomass of S. sudanense, the translocation ratio and removal rate of cadmium in S. sudanense decreased gradually with increasing soil cadmium concentration. The promotion effects of the three root exudates on S. sudanense were in the following order: citric acid > glycine > maltose. At the same cadmium pollution conditions, the biomass levels of S. sudanense in sandy, loamy, and clayey soils were in the following order: clayey soil > loamy soil > sandy soil. On the contrary, the concentration, translocation ratio, and removal rate of cadmium in S. sudanense grown in the different soils treated with root exudates were in the following order: sandy soil > loamy soil > clayey soil. Under the three soil conditions, the fresh weight of F. arundinacea (0.36 ~ 0.68 g) and S. sudanense (0.51 ~ 0.99 g) increased significantly (p < 0.05). The total petroleum hydrocarbons degradation efficiencies of F. arundinacea, L. perenne, and S. sudanense were high in sandy soil (34.27% ~ 60.52%). Changing the type of root exudate had a significant impact on the degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in sandy soil (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study showed that soil types impacted the accumulation of cadmium and petroleum in plants. Phytoremediation of cadmium and petroleum contaminated soil could be enhanced by the application of root exudates. This study recommend that the method is suitable for field remediation of soils contaminated with mild cadmium and petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Complementary Effects of Dark Septate Endophytes and Trichoderma Strains on Growth and Active Ingredient Accumulation of Astragalus mongholicus under Drought Stress. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090920. [PMID: 36135646 PMCID: PMC9506129 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress factor affecting plant growth and production, while utilizing beneficial endophytic fungi is one of the most promising strategies for enhancing plant growth and drought tolerance. In the current study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the beneficial effects of dark septate endophyte (DSE) (Macrophomina pseudophaseolina, Paraphoma radicina) and Trichoderma (Trichoderma afroharzianum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum) inoculum on Astragalus mongholicus grown in sterile soil under drought stress, alone, or in combination. The addition of Trichoderma enhanced the DSE colonization in roots regardless of the water condition. Under well-watered conditions, M. pseudophaseolina inoculation significantly enhanced the biomass and root length of A. mongholicus. The two DSE and Trichoderma inoculum significantly improved calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside content. However, M. pseudophaseolina + T. afroharzianum inoculation better promoted root growth, whereas co-inoculation had higher active ingredient contents compared with single inoculation, except for P. radicina + T. afroharzianum. Under drought stress, DSE and Trichoderma inoculum significantly improved root biomass, root length, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside content, and activities of nitrate reductase and soil urease. P. radicina + T. afroharzianum and P. radicina + T. longibrachiatum better increased root length, and all combinations of DSE and Trichoderma had a greater impact on the increase in formononetin content compared with the single treatments. Additionally, Trichoderma relies on antioxidant enzymes, growth hormones, and the redox system (ascorbic acid−glutathione) to resist drought, while DSE strains have an additional osmotic regulation system in addition to the drought resistance function possessed by Trichoderma, and the effect of co-inoculation (especially M. pseudophaseolina + T. longibrachiatum and P. radicina + T. afroharzianum) on plant physiological parameters was greater than that of single inoculation. This study provides a new research direction for the effects of DSE and Trichoderma on medicinal plant cultivated in dryland.
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Gao Y, Chen J, Wang G, Liu Z, Sun W, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Different Responses in Root Water Uptake of Summer Maize to Planting Density and Nitrogen Fertilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918043. [PMID: 35812915 PMCID: PMC9263914 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modifying farming practices combined with breeding has the potential to improve water and nutrient use efficiency by regulating root growth, but achieving this goal requires phenotyping the roots, including their architecture and ability to take up water and nutrients from different soil layers. This is challenging due to the difficulty of in situ root measurement and opaqueness of the soil. Using stable isotopes and soil coring, we calculated the change in root water uptake of summer maize in response to planting density and nitrogen fertilization in a 2-year field experiment. We periodically measured root-length density, soil moisture content, and stable isotopes δ18O and δD in the plant stem, soil water, and precipitation concurrently and calculated the root water uptake based on the mass balance of the isotopes and the Bayesian inference method coupled with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the root water uptake increased asymptotically with root-length density and that nitrogen application affected the locations in soil from which the roots acquired water more significantly than planting density. In particular, we find that reducing nitrogen application promoted root penetration to access subsoil nutrients and consequently enhanced their water uptake from the subsoil, while increasing planting density benefited water uptake of the roots in the topsoil. These findings reveal that it is possible to manipulate plant density and fertilization to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of the summer maize and the results thus have imperative implications for agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jinsai Chen
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangshuai Wang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Weihao Sun
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- Department Sustainable Agriculture Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
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Guidi Nissim W, Labrecque M. Field assessment of trace element phytoextraction by different Populus clones established on brownfields in southern Quebec (Canada). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:283-292. [PMID: 35605106 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2074964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fast-growing hybrid poplars have been tested for their potential to remove trace elements (TE) from polluted soil in several temperate regions. Despite their potential, they have rarely been tested in countries with a cold temperate climate. The current study screened four different Populus hybrids for phytoextraction of four TEs (i.e., As, Cu, Pb, and Zn) on an abandoned brownfield site in southern Quebec (Canada). The main results showed that under the current experimental conditions, the most important traits determining the actual phytoextraction rate are Biological Concentration Factor (BCF) and TE accumulation in the aboveground biomass, rather than biomass productivity. Although the overall performance of the chosen hybrids was rather poor, the presence of poplar stands enhanced the movement of mobile contaminants in soil, which led to an increase in their concentration in the root zone. This aspect suggests possible strategies for using these plants with high transpiration rates in future phytoremediation projects, including either possible rotation with more effective TE phytoextractor plants (e.g., hyperaccumulators) that can remove high TE amounts that have migrated from the deeper soil layers following poplar plantation, or phytostabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werther Guidi Nissim
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Chandregowda MH, Tjoelker MG, Pendall E, Zhang H, Churchill AC, Power SA. Root trait shifts towards an avoidance strategy promote productivity and recovery in
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3
and
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4
pasture grasses under drought. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjunatha H. Chandregowda
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Mark G. Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Amber C. Churchill
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW Australia
- Department of Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behaviour University of Minnesota 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave St. Paul MN USA
| | - Sally A. Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW Australia
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Ji L, Liu Y, Wang J, Lu Z, Zhang L, Yang Y. Differential Variation in Non-structural Carbohydrates in Root Branch Orders of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. Seedlings Across Different Drought Intensities and Soil Substrates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:692715. [PMID: 34956247 PMCID: PMC8692739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.692715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) facilitate plant adaptation to drought stress, characterize tree growth and survival ability, and buffer against external disturbances. Previous studies have focused on the distribution and dynamics of NSCs among different plant organs under drought conditions. However, discussion about the NSC levels of fine roots in different root branch orders is limited, especially the relationship between fine root trait variation and NSC content. The objective of the study was to shed light on the synergistic variation in fine root traits and NSC content in different root branch orders under different drought and soil substrate conditions. The 2-year-old Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. potted seedlings were planted in three different soil substrates (humus, loam, and sandy-loam soil) and subjected to four drought intensities (CK, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) for 2 months. With increasing drought intensity, the biomass of fine roots decreased significantly. Under the same drought intensity, seedlings in sandy-loam soil had higher root biomass, and the coefficient of variation of 5th-order roots (37.4, 44.5, and 53% in humus, loam, and sandy-loam soil, respectively) was higher than that of lower-order roots. All branch order roots of seedlings in humus soil had the largest specific root length (SRL) and specific root surface area (SRA), in addition to the lowest diameter. With increasing drought intensity, the SRL and average diameter (AD) of all root branch orders increased and decreased, respectively. The fine roots in humus soil had a higher soluble sugar (SS) content and lower starch (ST) content compared to the loam and sandy-loam soil. Additionally, the SS and ST contents of fine roots showed decreasing and increasing tendencies with increasing drought intensities, respectively. SS and ST explained the highest degree of the total variation in fine root traits, which were 32 and 32.1%, respectively. With increasing root order, the explanation of the variation in root traits by ST decreased (only 6.8% for 5th-order roots). The observed response in terms of morphological traits of different fine root branch orders of F. mandshurica seedlings to resource fluctuations ensures the maintenance of a low cost-benefit ratio in the root system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- Jilin Academy of Forestry, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Jilin Academy of Forestry, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jilin Academy of Forestry, Changchun, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Jilin Academy of Forestry, Changchun, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- School of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Li W, Feng Z, Zhang C. Ammonium transporter PsAMT1.2 from Populus simonii functions in nitrogen uptake and salt resistance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2392-2408. [PMID: 34002233 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) is a primary nitrogen (N) source for many species, and NH4+ uptake is mediated by various transporters. However, the effects of NH4+ transporters on N uptake and metabolism under salt stress remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the expression characteristics and transport function of PsAMT1.2 in Populus simonii and its role in ammonium uptake and metabolism under salt stress. PsAMT1.2 was localized in the plasma membrane highly expressed in the roots. Heterologous functionality tests demonstrated that PsAMT1.2 mediates NH4+ permeation across the plasma membrane in yeast mutants, restoring growth. A short-term NH4+ uptake experiment showed that PsAMT1.2 is a high-affinity NH4+ transporter with a Km value of 80.603 μM for NH4+. Compared with the wild type (WT, Populus tremula × Populus alba INRA 717-IB4 genotype), PsAMT1.2-overexpressing transgenic poplar grew better, with higher increases in stem height and relative chlorophyll content under both control and salt-stress conditions. PsAMT1.2 overexpression significantly increased the total NH4+ concentration and total N of whole plants under salt stress. The glutamate synthase (GS), glutamine synthetase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities and the total amino acids largely increased in the roots of PsAMT1.2-overexpressing transgenic plants compared with the WT plants under control conditions, suggesting that PsAMT1.2 overexpression promotes NH4+ assimilation and metabolism in poplar roots. Consistent with the increased total amino acid content, GS1.3, GS2 and Fd-GOGAT expression was upregulated in the roots and leaves of the PsAMT1.2-overexpressing transgenic plants compared with the WT plants under salt stress. Collectively, PsAMT1.2 encodes a high-affinity NH4+ transporter crucial to NH4+ uptake and metabolism under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, 26 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zimao Feng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, 26 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
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Cong W, Li N, Wang J, Kang Y, Miao Y, Xu C, Wang Z, Liu T, Gong L, Liu B, Ou X. Genome-wide locus-specific DNA methylation repatterning may facilitate rapid evolution of mercury resistance in rice. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:299-306. [PMID: 34846696 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Albeit a relatively stable epigenetic modification, DNA methylation in plants can be repatterned and play important roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, whether DNA methylation dynamics may contribute to cope with mercury (Hg) stress in plants remains to be fully investigated. OBJECTIVE To probe the potential roles of DNA methylation dynamics in coping with Hg stress in rice. METHODS Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing was used to profile the DNA methylation patterns of a rice Hg-resistant line (RHg) selected from a heterozygous mutant of the DNA methyltransferase 1 gene (OsMET1+/-), together with its Hg-sensitive wild-type plants of cv. Nipponbare (Nip) under both normal and Hg stress conditions. RESULTS Genome-wide locus-specific differential methylation regions (DMRs) were detected between RHg and Nip under normal condition, the predominant DMR patterns were CG hypo-DMRs, CHG hypo-DMRs and CHH hyper-DMRs. In both lines, more hyper- than hypo-DMRs were detected at all three sequence contexts (CG, CHG and CHH) under Hg stress relative to normal condition. Comparison of DNA methylation changes in the two lines under Hg stress indicates that RHg had a more dynamic methylome than the control (Nip). Original DMRs in RHg trended to transform to opposite status (from hyper- to hypo- or vice versa) under Hg stress condition. Gene ontology analysis revealed that Hg-resistance-related DMGs were enriched in diverse biological processes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest genome-wide locus-specific DNA methylation repatterning can facilitate rapid acquisition of Hg resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ying Kang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yiling Miao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Chunming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Xiufang Ou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Marconi M, Gallemi M, Benkova E, Wabnik K. A coupled mechano-biochemical model for cell polarity guided anisotropic root growth. eLife 2021; 10:72132. [PMID: 34723798 PMCID: PMC8716106 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants develop new organs to adjust their bodies to dynamic changes in the environment. How independent organs achieve anisotropic shapes and polarities is poorly understood. To address this question, we constructed a mechano-biochemical model for Arabidopsis root meristem growth that integrates biologically plausible principles. Computer model simulations demonstrate how differential growth of neighboring tissues results in the initial symmetry-breaking leading to anisotropic root growth. Furthermore, the root growth feeds back on a polar transport network of the growth regulator auxin. Model, predictions are in close agreement with in vivo patterns of anisotropic growth, auxin distribution, and cell polarity, as well as several root phenotypes caused by chemical, mechanical, or genetic perturbations. Our study demonstrates that the combination of tissue mechanics and polar auxin transport organizes anisotropic root growth and cell polarities during organ outgrowth. Therefore, a mobile auxin signal transported through immobile cells drives polarity and growth mechanics to coordinate complex organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marconi
- CBGP Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Marcal Gallemi
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Eva Benkova
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Krzysztof Wabnik
- CBGP Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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Gervais-Bergeron B, Chagnon PL, Labrecque M. Willow Aboveground and Belowground Traits Can Predict Phytoremediation Services. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091824. [PMID: 34579357 PMCID: PMC8471398 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of contaminated sites worldwide calls for sustainable remediation, such as phytoremediation, in which plants are used to decontaminate soils. We hypothesized that better anchoring phytoremediation in plant ecophysiology has the potential to drastically improve its predictability. In this study, we explored how the community composition, diversity and coppicing of willow plantations, influenced phytoremediation services in a four-year field trial. We also evaluated how community-level plant functional traits might be used as predictors of phytoremediation services, which would be a promising avenue for plant selection in phytoremediation. We found no consistent impact of neither willow diversity nor coppicing on phytoremediation services directly. These services were rather explained by willow traits related to resource economics and management strategy along the plant "fast-slow" continuum. We also found greater belowground investments to promote plant bioconcentration and soil decontamination. These traits-services correlations were consistent for several trace elements investigated, suggesting high generalizability among contaminants. Overall, our study provides evidence, even using a short taxonomic (and thus functional) plant gradient, that traits can be used as predictors for phytoremediation efficiency for a broad variety of contaminants. This suggests that a trait-based approach has great potential to develop predictive plant selection strategies in phytoremediation trials, through a better rooting of applied sciences in fundamental plant ecophysiology.
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Chen BJW, Huang L, During HJ, Wang X, Wei J, Anten NPR. No neighbour-induced increase in root growth of soybean and sunflower in mesh-divider experiments after controlling for nutrient concentration and soil volume. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab020. [PMID: 33995993 PMCID: PMC8112762 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Root competition is a key factor determining plant performance, community structure and ecosystem productivity. To adequately estimate the extent of root proliferation of plants in response to neighbours independently of nutrient availability, one should use a set-up that can simultaneously control for both nutrient concentration and soil volume at plant individual level. With a mesh-divider design, which was suggested as a promising solution for this problem, we conducted two intraspecific root competition experiments: one with soybean (Glycine max) and the other with sunflower (Helianthus annuus). We found no response of root growth or biomass allocation to intraspecific neighbours, i.e. an 'ideal free distribution' (IFD) norm, in soybean; and even a reduced growth as a negative response in sunflower. These responses are all inconsistent with the hypothesis that plants should produce more roots even at the expense of reduced fitness in response to neighbours, i.e. root over-proliferation. Our results suggest that neighbour-induced root over-proliferation is not a ubiquitous feature in plants. By integrating the findings with results from other soybean studies, we conclude that for some species this response could be a genotype-dependent response as a result of natural or artificial selection, or a context-dependent response so that plants can switch from root over-proliferation to IFD depending on the environment of competition. We also critically discuss whether the mesh-divider design is an ideal solution for root competition experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin J W Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Li Huang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Heinjo J During
- Section of Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiahe Wei
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Niels P R Anten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Willows Used for Phytoremediation Increased Organic Contaminant Concentrations in Soil Surface. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11072979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Salix genus includes shrub species that are widely used in phytoremediation and various other phytotechnologies due to their advantageous characteristics, such as a high evapotranspiration (ET) rate, in particular when cultivated in short rotation intensive culture (SRIC). Observations made in past field studies suggest that ET and its impact on soil hydrology can also lead to increases in soil pollutant concentrations near shrubs. To investigate this, sections of a mature willow plantation (seven years old) were cut to eliminate transpiration (Cut treatment). Soil concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), aliphatic compounds C10–C50, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and five trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn) were compared between the Cut and the uncut plots (Salix miyabeana ‘SX61’). Over 24 months, the results clearly show that removal of the willow shrubs limited the contaminants’ increase in the soil surface, as observed for C10–C50 and of 10 PAHs under the Salix treatment. This finding strongly reinforces a hypothesis that SRIC of willows may facilitate the migration of contaminants towards their roots, thus increasing their concentration in the surrounding soil. Such a “pumping effect” in a high-density willow crop is a prominent characteristic specific to field studies that can lead to counterintuitive results. Although apparent increases of contaminant concentrations contradict the purification benefits usually pursued in phytoremediation, the possibility of active phytoextraction and rhizodegradation is not excluded. Moreover, increases of pollutant concentrations under shrubs following migration suggest that decreases would consequently occur at the source points. Some reflections on interpreting field work results are provided.
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22
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Wang X, Whalley WR, Miller AJ, White PJ, Zhang F, Shen J. Sustainable Cropping Requires Adaptation to a Heterogeneous Rhizosphere. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1194-1202. [PMID: 32830043 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Root-soil interactions in the rhizosphere are central to resource acquisition and crop production in agricultural systems. However, apart from studies in idealized experimental systems, rhizosphere processes in real agricultural soils in situ are largely uncharacterized. This limits the contribution of rhizosphere science to agriculture and the ongoing Green Revolution. Here, we argue that understanding plant responses to soil heterogeneity is key to understanding rhizosphere processes. We highlight rhizosphere sensing and root-induced soil modification in the context of heterogeneous soil structure, resource distribution, and root-soil interactions. A deeper understanding of the integrated and dynamic root-soil interactions in the heterogeneously structured rhizosphere could increase crop production and resource use efficiency towards sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | | | | | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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23
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Biczak R, Pawłowska B, Podsiadło C, Śnioszek M, Telesiński A. The reaction of cucumber to the introduction of ionic liquids into the soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34182-34198. [PMID: 32557039 PMCID: PMC7423810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the influence of two bromides, tetrabutylammonium and tetrabutylphosphonium, on the growth and development of cucumber seedlings. The tests were performed at two dates, i.e. 10 and 20 days, after the introduction of increasing amounts of ionic liquids (ILs) into the soil. The applied ILs showed phytotoxicity dependent mainly on the concentration of the substance, which is proved by the inhibition of the length of aboveground parts and their roots and the yield of cucumber fresh mass, from which EC50 values were calculated. The phytotoxicity symptoms were the result of oxidative stress, one of the manifestations of which was a decrease in assimilative pigments, linearly correlated with an increase in bromide concentration in the medium. The stress is also proven by the large increase in hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and free proline in cucumber leaves. The reaction of this plant to oxidative stress was an increase in the activity of antioxidative enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase. As a result of statistical analysis, it was proved that all changes of biomarkers of phytotoxicity of examined ILs and oxidative stress indicators in cucumber seedlings depended more on the applied concentration of these salts than on the date of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Biczak
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pawłowska
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Cezary Podsiadło
- The Faculty of Environmental, Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego St. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Martyna Śnioszek
- The Faculty of Environmental, Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego St. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Telesiński
- The Faculty of Environmental, Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego St. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
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24
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Ma L, Lin Q, Song Y, Zhao B, Fan M. Toxic effect of three imidazole ionic liquids on two terrestrial plants. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:466-475. [PMID: 33817235 PMCID: PMC7874614 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the toxic effect of three imidazole ionic liquids (IILs) in terrestrial monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, three IILs (1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate, and butyl-3-methylimidazolium bi-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide) were investigated using rice and capsicum as target toxicity models. In hydroponic experiments, increasing the concentration of the IILs led to a decrease in the seed germination rate, a decrease in the reduced stem and root lengths, and an increase in the inhibition rate of the stem and root lengths; in addition, as the concentration increased, the reducing sugar content of rice and capsicum seedling leaves and roots first increased and then decreased, while permeability of the cell membranes of the stems and roots of the two plants also gradually increased. In terms of the effects on these indices in rice, the ranking of these three IIL anions was [TF2N]- > [PF6]- > [BF4]-; in terms of the effects on capsicum, the sequence was [BF4]- > [TF2N]- > [PF6]-. These findings provide a theoretical reference for the next step in the synthesis and the use of green ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Institution Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Qirong Lin
- Institution Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Yuhua Song
- Institution Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Institution Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Mingjin Fan
- Institution Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, China
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25
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Sena VGL, de Moura EG, Macedo VRA, Aguiar ACF, Price AH, Mooney SJ, Calonego JC. Ecosystem services for intensification of agriculture, with emphasis on increased nitrogen ecological use efficiency. Ecosphere 2020; 11:e03028. [PMID: 34824877 PMCID: PMC8597402 DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In weathered tropical soil, low nutrient use efficiency can lead to agricultural systems becoming unsustainable. Therefore, tropical agriculture is highly dependent on ecosystem services, such as nutrient recycling and carbon sequestration, to enhance soil fertility, increase nutrient uptake, and facilitate sustainable production of agricultural goods. This research aimed to find the balance between sustainability and profitability of tropical agriculture by evaluating the changes in soil caused by the ecosystem services provided by the biomass of leguminous trees (Gliricidia) and assessing how these changes (associated with potassium) can affect nitrogen-use efficiency and maize yield. An experiment was conducted testing the impact of Glircidia biomass addition vs. bare soil, with or without addition of both nitrogen and/or potassium. Changes in soil organic matter, (SOM) base cations sum, soil resistance, N uptake, N-use efficiency, and maize yield were evaluated. Gliricidia biomass, when used with N and K, contributed to increasing SOM by 5.0 g/kg and the sum of base cations by 1458. 65 kg/ha in the 0-30 cm layer. Moreover, grain yield was increased by approximately 70% in the treatments with Gliricidia when compared to treatments without biomass where yield was very low. In bare soil, the additional yield of 1.5 tons/ha would not be enough to convince farmers to change slash and burn to conventional bare soil systems. Our results showed that leguminous trees, such as Gliricidia, might contribute to ensuring sustainable agricultural intensification in humid tropical soils with low natural fertility by providing ecosystem services such as biomass production, carbon sequestration, base cation recycling, and increased N acquisition. These findings might be an important strategy to replace the common slash-and-burn-system and preserve the rainforest against the traditional shifting cultivation system. In contrast, the conventional system with bare soil showed that the addition of nitrogen was unfeasible, mainly in conditions of high rainfall precipitation. In these circumstances, the use of potassium may increase nitrogen-use efficiency only when biomass is not used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virley G. L. Sena
- Department of Crop ScienceCollege of Agricultural SciencesSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuSão Paulo18.610‐307Brazil
| | - Emanoel G. de Moura
- Postgraduate Program in AgroecologyMaranhão State UniversitySão LuisMaranhão65000‐000Brazil
| | - Vinícius R. A. Macedo
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of PiauíUruçuíPiauí64860‐000Brazil
| | - Alana C. F. Aguiar
- Department of BiologyFederal University of MaranhãoSão LuísMaranhão65080‐805Brazil
| | - Adam H. Price
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenAB24 3UUUK
| | - Sacha J. Mooney
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLE125RDUK
| | - Juliano C. Calonego
- Department of Crop ScienceCollege of Agricultural SciencesSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuSão Paulo18.610‐307Brazil
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26
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Ulrich DEM, Sevanto S, Peterson S, Ryan M, Dunbar J. Effects of Soil Microbes on Functional Traits of Loblolly Pine ( Pinus taeda) Seedling Families From Contrasting Climates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1643. [PMID: 31998333 PMCID: PMC6962191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Examining factors that influence seedling establishment is essential for predicting the impacts of climate change on tree species' distributions. Seedlings originating from contrasting climates differentially express functional traits related to water and nutrient uptake and drought resistance that reflect their climate of origin and influence their responses to drought. Soil microbes may improve seedling establishment because they can enhance water and nutrient uptake and drought resistance. However, the relative influence of soil microbes on the expression of these functional traits between seedling families or populations from contrasting climates is unknown. To determine if soil microbes may differentially alter functional traits to enhance water and nutrient uptake and drought resistance between dry and wet families, seeds of loblolly pine families from the driest and wettest ends of its geographic range (dry, wet) were planted in sterilized sand (controls) or in sterilized sand inoculated with a soil microbial community (inoculated). Functional traits related to seedling establishment (germination), water and nutrient uptake and C allocation (root:shoot biomass ratio, root exudate concentration, leaf C:N, leaf N isotope composition (δ15N)), and drought resistance (turgor loss point, leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C)) were measured. Then, plants were exposed to a drought treatment and possible shifts in photosynthetic performance were monitored using chlorophyll fluorescence. Inoculated plants exhibited significantly greater germination than controls regardless of family. The inoculation treatment significantly increased root:shoot biomass ratio in the wet family but not in the dry family, suggesting soil microbes alter functional traits that improve water and nutrient uptake more so in a family originating from a wetter climate than in a family originating from a drier climate. Microbial effects on photosynthetic performance during drought also differed between families, as photosynthetic performance of the dry inoculated group declined fastest. Regardless of treatment, the dry family exhibited a greater root:shoot biomass ratio, root exudate concentration, and leaf δ15N than the wet family. This indicates that the dry family allocated more resources belowground than the wet and the two family may have used different sources of plant available N, which may be related to their contrasting climates of origin and influence their drought resistance. Examination of variation in impacts of soil microbes on seedling physiology improves efforts to enhance seedling establishment and beneficial plant-microbe interactions under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences (EES-14), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Samantha Peterson
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, United States
| | - Max Ryan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences (EES-14), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - John Dunbar
- Bioscience (B-11), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
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Ullah A, Nisar M, Ali H, Hazrat A, Hayat K, Keerio AA, Ihsan M, Laiq M, Ullah S, Fahad S, Khan A, Khan AH, Akbar A, Yang X. Drought tolerance improvement in plants: an endophytic bacterial approach. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7385-7397. [PMID: 31375881 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is a crucial issue among the serious emerging problems which got a global attention in the last few decades. With the climate change, worldwide crop production has been seriously affected by drought stress. In this regard, various technologies including traditional breeding and genetic engineering are used to cope with drought stress. However, the interactions between plants and endophytic bacteria emerged as an interesting era of knowledge that can be used for novel agriculture practices. Endophytic bacteria which survive within plant tissues are among the most appropriate technologies improving plant growth and yield under drought conditions. These endophytic bacteria live within plant tissues and release various phytochemicals that assist plant to withstand in harsh environmental conditions, i.e., drought stress. Their plant growth-promoting characteristics include nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, mineral uptake, and the production of siderophore, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, and various phytohormones. These plant growth promoting characteristics of endophytic bacteria improve root length and density, which lead to the enhance drought tolerance. In addition, plant-endophytic bacteria assist plant to withstand against drought stress by producing drought-tolerant substances, for instance, abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, ACC deaminase, and various volatile compounds. Indirectly, endophytic bacteria also improve osmotic adjustment, relative water content, and antioxidant activity of inoculated plants. Altogether, these bacterial-mediated drought tolerance and plant growth-promoting processes continue even under severe drought conditions which lead to enhanced plant growth promotion and yield. The present review highlights a natural and environment-friendly strategy in the form of drought-tolerant and plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria to improve drought tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan. .,National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mohammad Nisar
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Hazrat Ali
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hazrat
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Hayat
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ayaz Ali Keerio
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ihsan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Laiq
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Khan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guanxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guanxi, China
| | - Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Adnan Akbar
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
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28
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Pawłowska B, Feder-Kubis J, Telesiński A, Biczak R. Biochemical Responses of Wheat Seedlings on the Introduction of Selected Chiral Ionic Liquids to the Soils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3086-3095. [PMID: 30802050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, new chiral ionic liquids (CILs) were obtained from the natural-origin material (1 R,2 S,5 R)-(-)-menthol. The physicochemical characteristics of the studied imidazolium salts were investigated. The obtained 3-ethyl-1-[(1 R,2 S,5 R)-(-)-menthoxy-methyl]imidazolium salts are nonvolatile, nonflammable, and stable in air, in contact with water, and in commonly used organic solvents. The influences of the obtained chiral salts on physiological and biochemical parameters were determined for wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Both salts led to changes in plant metabolism, which resulted in decreased assimilation pigments, decreased fresh weight, and increased dry weight and proline in wheat seedlings. Moreover, the growth of the above-ground parts and roots was inhibited. Additionally, there was a drop in the potential and germination capacity of wheat seeds after using the highest concentrations of the ionic liquids. The salts caused oxidative stress in wheat seedlings, which was demonstrated by increased malondialdehyde content. In response, the plants engaged their defensive system against free oxygen radicals, which resulted in increased catalase and peroxidase activity and decreased H2O2 levels in the plants. There were no changes in the activity of superoxide dismutase. All of the changes observed in the levels of determined biomarkers of oxidative stress in the plants were linearly correlated with the increase in the concentrations of the chiral ionic liquids in the soil. The salt with hexafluorphosphate anion exhibited slightly higher toxicity toward wheat seedlings than the other salt. The CILs led to premature aging of plants, which was demonstrated by the increase in peroxidase activity and a decrease of chlorophyll in the seedlings. The experiment also showed good correlation between the increase in peroxidase activity and the decrease in chlorophyll level, which proves that the decrease in chlorophyll content resulted from not only the increase in CILs concentration in the soil but also the increased POD activity, which leads to the damage of chlorophyll particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pawłowska
- The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa , 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av. , 42-200 Częstochowa , Poland
| | - Joanna Feder-Kubis
- Faculty of Chemistry , Wrocław University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Telesiński
- The Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture , West Pomeranian University of Technology , Juliusza Słowackiego st. 17 , 71-434 Szczecin , Poland
| | - Robert Biczak
- The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa , 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av. , 42-200 Częstochowa , Poland
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29
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Svane SF, Jensen CS, Thorup-Kristensen K. Construction of a large-scale semi-field facility to study genotypic differences in deep root growth and resources acquisition. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:26. [PMID: 30930953 PMCID: PMC6425565 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roots are vital organs for plants, and the effective use of resources from the soil is important for yield stability. However, phenotypic variation in root traits among crop genotypes is mostly unknown and field screening of root development is costly and labour demanding. As a consequence, new methods are needed to investigate root traits of fully grown crops under field conditions, particularly roots in the deeper soil horizons. RESULTS We developed a new phenotyping facility (RadiMax) for the study of root growth and soil resource acquisition under semi-field conditions. The facility consists of 4 units each covering 400 m2 and containing 150 minirhizotrons, allowing root observation in the 0.4 m-1.8 m or 0.7 m-2.8 m soil depth interval. Roots are observed through minirhizotrons using a multispectral imaging system. Plants are grown in rows perpendicular to a water stress gradient created by a multi-depth sub-irrigation system and movable rainout shelters. The water stress gradient allows for a direct link between root observations and the development of stress response in the canopy. CONCLUSION To test the concept and technical features, selected spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were grown in the system for two seasons. The system enabled genotypic differences for deep root growth to be observed, and clear aboveground physiological response was also visible along the water stress gradient. Although further technical development and field validation are ongoing, the semi-field facility concept offers novel possibilities for characterising genotypic differences in the effective use of soil resources in deeper soil layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Fiil Svane
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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30
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Kumar Meena M, Kumar Vishwakarma N, Tripathi V, Chattopadhyay D. CBL-interacting protein kinase 25 contributes to root meristem development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:133-147. [PMID: 30239807 PMCID: PMC6305191 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Co-ordination of auxin and cytokinin activities determines root meristem size during post-embryonic development. Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and their interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) constitute signaling modules that relay calcium signals. Here we report that CIPK25 is involved in regulating the root meristem size. Arabidopsis plants lacking CIPK25 expression displayed a short root phenotype and a slower root growth rate with fewer meristem cells. This phenotype was rescued by restoration of CIPK25 expression. CIPK25 interacted with CBL4 and -5, and displayed strong gene expression in the flower and root, except in the cell proliferation domain in the root apical meristem. Its expression in the root was positively and negatively regulated by auxin and cytokinin, respectively. The cipk25 T-DNA insertion line was compromised in auxin transport and auxin-responsive promoter activity. The cipk25 mutant line showed altered expression of auxin efflux carriers (PIN1 and PIN2) and an Aux/IAA family gene SHY2. Decreased PIN1 and PIN2 expression in the cipk25 mutant line was completely restored when combined with a SHY2 loss-of-function mutation, resulting in recovery of root growth. SHY2 and PIN1 expression was partially regulated by cytokinin even in the absence of CIPK25, suggesting a CIPK25-independent cytokinin signaling pathway(s). Our results revealed that CIPK25 plays an important role in the co-ordination of auxin and cytokinin signaling in root meristem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Meena
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vineeta Tripathi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Debasis Chattopadhyay
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- Correspondence:
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31
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Bitterlich M, Franken P, Graefe J. Atmospheric drought and low light impede mycorrhizal effects on leaf photosynthesis-a glasshouse study on tomato under naturally fluctuating environmental conditions. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:13-28. [PMID: 30382414 PMCID: PMC6311195 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) consume plant carbon and impact photosynthesis, but effects of AMF on plant gas exchange are transient and hardly predictable. This is at least partially because plant-internal nutrient-, water-, and sink-related effects, which can be influenced AMF, and atmospheric conditions integrate at the photosynthesis level. In nature and in plant production, plants face periodical and random short-term switches of environmental conditions that limit photosynthesis, which may impede stimulatory effects of AMF on leaf photosynthetic capacities. We hypothesized that mycorrhizal effects on plant internal-photosynthetic potentials will only translate to actual photosynthetic rates, if atmospheric conditions do not superimpose limitations to the photosynthetic process. We aimed to cover wide ranges of within and between-day variations in light intensities and vapor pressure deficits with an untargeted approach. We grew tomato plants hydroponically for 8 weeks in open pots and irrigated beyond pot water capacity every morning. Plants were inoculated or not with Funneliformis mosseae and were fertilized with a low-strength nutrient solution, which guaranteed good AMF colonization and comparable sets of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants regarding developmental stage and leaf age. Instantaneous leaf photosynthesis was monitored continuously with transparent chambers during 3 days under naturally fluctuating greenhouse conditions on the two uppermost fully expanded leaves. We fitted mechanistic gas exchange models and modeled continuous daytime dynamics of net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance for representative sunlit canopies of random populations of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Depending on time, mycorrhizal plants showed enhanced or decreased stomatal conductance over wide ranges of light intensities. Higher or lower stomatal opening in mycorrhizal plants became ineffective for photosynthetic rates under low light. In contrast and in accordance with the effects on stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rates were comparatively increased or decreased in mycorrhizal plants under high light conditions. This required at least moderate vapor pressure deficits. Under high atmospheric drought, stomatal conductance strongly declined in all plants, which also capped maximum photosynthetic rates under high light. Leaf photosynthetic capacities were higher in mycorrhizal plants when leaves contained more proteins and/or the plant-internal moisture stress was lower than in non-mycorrhizal plants. However, this only resulted in enhanced photosynthetic rates as long as leaves were not exposed to low radiation or high atmospheric drought. We conclude that light and atmospheric moisture are decisive factors for potential carbon cost and gain scenarios of plants associated with AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bitterlich
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany.
| | - Philipp Franken
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Jan Graefe
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
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Zhou G, Zhou X, Nie Y, Bai SH, Zhou L, Shao J, Cheng W, Wang J, Hu F, Fu Y. Drought-induced changes in root biomass largely result from altered root morphological traits: Evidence from a synthesis of global field trials. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2589-2599. [PMID: 29879755 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Extreme drought is likely to become more frequent and intense as a result of global climate change, which may significantly impact plant root traits and responses (i.e., morphology, production, turnover, and biomass). However, a comprehensive understanding of how drought affects root traits and responses remains elusive. Here, we synthesized data from 128 published studies under field conditions to examine the responses of 17 variables associated with root traits to drought. Our results showed that drought significantly decreased root length and root length density by 38.29% and 11.12%, respectively, but increased root diameter by 3.49%. However, drought significantly increased root:shoot mass ratio and root cortical aerenchyma by 13.54% and 90.7%, respectively. Our results suggest that drought significantly modified root morphological traits and increased root mortality, and the drought-induced decrease in root biomass was less than shoot biomass, causing higher root:shoot mass ratio. The cascading effects of drought on root traits and responses may need to be incorporated into terrestrial biosphere models to improve prediction of the climate-biosphere feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyao Zhou
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, The Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, The Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Nie
- Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shahla Hosseini Bai
- Genecology, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Australia
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, The Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjiong Shao
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, The Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weisong Cheng
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, The Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, The Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengqin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuling Fu
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, The Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang C, Meng S, Li M, Zhao Z. Transcriptomic insight into nitrogen uptake and metabolism of Populus simonii in response to drought and low nitrogen stresses. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1672-1684. [PMID: 30099549 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of plant responses to drought and low nitrogen (N) stresses is necessary to improve N use in water-limited lands, maintaining the sustainable and healthy development of ecosystems. In the present study, we investigated morphological, physiological and transcriptome changes in Populus simonii Carr. root responding to long-term drought and low N stresses. Both stresses resulted in lower net photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll content and total dry weight. Transcriptome analysis of fine roots identified 4642 genes that were differentially expressed in response to drought and/or low N stresses. Most ammonium transporters had high transcript abundances in response to drought and/or low N stress; meanwhile the ratio of ammonium to nitrate concentrations was increased under drought condition. Data of N uptakes and metabolism further supported that fine roots under drought stress increased ammonium uptake, and the aspartate-derived amino acid pathway might play a key role in tolerating drought stress in poplar roots. The large-scale dataset in this study presents a global view of the critical pathways involved in drought and low N stress. When linked with physiology and metabolomics data, these results provide new insights into the modulation of N uptake, metabolism and storage, and events within the N-related pathways for transportation, assimilation and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sen Meng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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García-Gaytán V, Hernández-Mendoza F, Coria-Téllez AV, García-Morales S, Sánchez-Rodríguez E, Rojas-Abarca L, Daneshvar H. Fertigation: Nutrition, Stimulation and Bioprotection of the Root in High Performance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 7:E88. [PMID: 30360461 PMCID: PMC6313855 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Temperature changes, drought, frost, and the presence of pest and diseases place enormous stress on crops, which implies that the potential performance of these crops may be affected. One of the main goals for agronomists, horticulturists, growers, physiologists, soil scientists, geneticists, plant breeders, phytopathologists, and microbiologists is to increase the food production on the same cultivable area and to ensure that they are safe and of high quality. Understanding the biophysical changes in soil will help to manage the crop's ability to cope with biotic and abiotic stress. Optimization is needed in the nutrition of crops, which involves the use of biostimulants to counter oxidative stress and the management of strain bioformulations (bacteria and fungi) that protect and stimulate roots for the acquisition of nutrients. The implementation of these strategies in fertigation programs improves crop yields. This article addresses the importance of the stimulation and the bioprotection of the root as a fundamental pillar in ensuring the high performance of a crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor García-Gaytán
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio (LADIPA), Colegio de Michoacán, A.C., Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, La Piedad 59699, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Fanny Hernández-Mendoza
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carretera México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo 56230, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Ana Velia Coria-Téllez
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio (LADIPA), Colegio de Michoacán, A.C., Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, La Piedad 59699, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Soledad García-Morales
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Esteban Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio (LADIPA), Colegio de Michoacán, A.C., Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, La Piedad 59699, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Luis Rojas-Abarca
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio (LADIPA), Colegio de Michoacán, A.C., Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, La Piedad 59699, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Hadiseh Daneshvar
- Collage of Agriculture and Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Karaj 3158777871, Alborz, Iran.
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Baveye PC, Otten W, Kravchenko A, Balseiro-Romero M, Beckers É, Chalhoub M, Darnault C, Eickhorst T, Garnier P, Hapca S, Kiranyaz S, Monga O, Mueller CW, Nunan N, Pot V, Schlüter S, Schmidt H, Vogel HJ. Emergent Properties of Microbial Activity in Heterogeneous Soil Microenvironments: Different Research Approaches Are Slowly Converging, Yet Major Challenges Remain. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1929. [PMID: 30210462 PMCID: PMC6119716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 60 years, soil microbiologists have accumulated a wealth of experimental data showing that the bulk, macroscopic parameters (e.g., granulometry, pH, soil organic matter, and biomass contents) commonly used to characterize soils provide insufficient information to describe quantitatively the activity of soil microorganisms and some of its outcomes, like the emission of greenhouse gasses. Clearly, new, more appropriate macroscopic parameters are needed, which reflect better the spatial heterogeneity of soils at the microscale (i.e., the pore scale) that is commensurate with the habitat of many microorganisms. For a long time, spectroscopic and microscopic tools were lacking to quantify processes at that scale, but major technological advances over the last 15 years have made suitable equipment available to researchers. In this context, the objective of the present article is to review progress achieved to date in the significant research program that has ensued. This program can be rationalized as a sequence of steps, namely the quantification and modeling of the physical-, (bio)chemical-, and microbiological properties of soils, the integration of these different perspectives into a unified theory, its upscaling to the macroscopic scale, and, eventually, the development of new approaches to measure macroscopic soil characteristics. At this stage, significant progress has been achieved on the physical front, and to a lesser extent on the (bio)chemical one as well, both in terms of experiments and modeling. With regard to the microbial aspects, although a lot of work has been devoted to the modeling of bacterial and fungal activity in soils at the pore scale, the appropriateness of model assumptions cannot be readily assessed because of the scarcity of relevant experimental data. For significant progress to be made, it is crucial to make sure that research on the microbial components of soil systems does not keep lagging behind the work on the physical and (bio)chemical characteristics. Concerning the subsequent steps in the program, very little integration of the various disciplinary perspectives has occurred so far, and, as a result, researchers have not yet been able to tackle the scaling up to the macroscopic level. Many challenges, some of them daunting, remain on the path ahead. Fortunately, a number of these challenges may be resolved by brand new measuring equipment that will become commercially available in the very near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe C. Baveye
- UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, rance
| | - Wilfred Otten
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Kravchenko
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - María Balseiro-Romero
- UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, rance
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Research in Environmental Technologies, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Éléonore Beckers
- Soil–Water–Plant Exchanges, Terra Research Centre, BIOSE, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Maha Chalhoub
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Christophe Darnault
- Laboratory of Hydrogeoscience and Biological Engineering, L.G. Rich Environmental Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Thilo Eickhorst
- Faculty 2 Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Patricia Garnier
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Simona Hapca
- Dundee Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Serkan Kiranyaz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Olivier Monga
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Bondy, France
| | - Carsten W. Mueller
- Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Naoise Nunan
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, IRD, INRA, P7, UPEC, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Pot
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Steffen Schlüter
- Soil System Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network ‘Chemistry meets Microbiology’, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Jörg Vogel
- Soil System Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Meng S, Wang S, Quan J, Su W, Lian C, Wang D, Xia X, Yin W. Distinct Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Two Contrasting Poplar Species in Response to Different N Supply Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2302. [PMID: 30082610 PMCID: PMC6121361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poplars have evolved various strategies to optimize acclimation responses to environmental conditions. However, how poplars balance growth and nitrogen deficiency remains to be elucidated. In the present study, changes in root development, carbon and nitrogen physiology, and the transcript abundance of associated genes were investigated in slow-growing Populus simonii (Ps) and fast-growing Populus euramericana (Pe) saplings treated with low, medium, and high nitrogen supply. The slow-growing Ps showed a flourishing system, higher δ15N, accelerated C export, lower N uptake and assimilation, and less sensitive transcriptional regulation in response to low N supply. The slow-growing Ps also had greater resistance to N deficiency due to the transport of photosynthate to the roots and the stimulation of root development, which allows survival. To support its rapid metabolism and growth, compared with the slow-growing Ps, the fast-growing Pe showed greater root development, C/N uptake and assimilation capacity, and more responsive transcriptional regulation with greater N supply. These data suggest that poplars can differentially manage C/N metabolism and photosynthate allocation under different N supply conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jine Quan
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Wanlong Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Conglong Lian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Dongli Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xinli Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Weilun Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Dhanapal AP, Ray JD, Smith JR, Purcell LC, Fritschi FB. Identification of Novel Genomic Loci Associated with Soybean Shoot Tissue Macro- and Micronutrient Concentrations. THE PLANT GENOME 2018; 11. [PMID: 30025027 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2017.07.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mineral composition of crop shoot tissues is important for yield formation and nutrient remobilization to seeds. The natural diversity that exists within crop species can be used to investigate mechanisms that define plant mineral composition and to identify important genomic loci for these processes. The objective of this study was to determine shoot mineral nutrient concentrations in genetically diverse soybean [ (L.) Merr.] genotypes and to identify genomic regions associated with concentrations of different nutrients in shoot tissue. The genotypes were grown at two locations in 2 yr and characterized for macronutrient (Ca, Mg, P, K, and S) and micronutrient (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) concentrations in shoot tissues. Genome-wide association studies were conducted with 31,748 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via a unified mixed model to identify SNPs associated with macro- and micronutrient concentrations. The number of putative loci identified for the macronutrients ranged from 11 for Ca to 20 for K. For the micronutrients, the number ranged from 10 for Mn to 24 for Fe. In addition to colocated loci for multiple nutrients, 22 individual SNPs were associated with more than one nutrient such that 11 different nutrient combinations were encompassed by these SNPs. Ultimately, the putative loci identified in this study will need to be confirmed and are expected to aid in the identification of new sources of variation for use in soybean breeding programs as well as for mechanistic studies aimed at understanding the regulation of mineral nutrient uptake, translocation, and shoot tissue concentrations.
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Huang L, Li M, Zhou K, Sun T, Hu L, Li C, Ma F. Uptake and metabolism of ammonium and nitrate in response to drought stress in Malus prunifolia. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:185-193. [PMID: 29609174 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Using a hydroponics culture system, we monitored morphological, physiological, and molecular changes in Malus prunifolia seedlings when drought conditions induced by 5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) were combined with a low or normal supply of N (0.05 mM or 1 mM NH4NO3, respectively). Under either nutrient level, drought stress negatively inhibited seedling performance, as manifested by reduced photosynthesis and biomass production, decreased accumulations of total N, and inhibited root growth. Concentrations of NO3- and NH4+ and the activities of enzymes involved in N metabolism (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase) were also significantly decreased under drought stress. The net influx of NO3- at the surface of the fine roots declined while that of NH4+ rose markedly, suggesting that the latter may play a more important role in improving drought tolerance in M. prunifolia. Consistently, two ammonium transporters (AMT1;2 and AMT4;2) were notably up-regulated in response to drought stress, whereas most genes related to nitrate uptake, reduction, and N metabolism were down-regulated. At the normal N level, PEG-treated plants showed higher values for biomass production, root growth, and N uptake/reduction when compared with plants exposed to the lower N supply. These results suggest that the negative effect of drought stress on M. prunifolia may be alleviated when more nitrogen is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Tingting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Lingyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Tubert E, Vitali VA, Alvarez MS, Tubert FA, Baroli I, Amodeo G. Synthesis and evaluation of a superabsorbent-fertilizer composite for maximizing the nutrient and water use efficiency in forestry plantations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 210:239-254. [PMID: 29348059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Reducing fertilizer use is a priority in the quest for sustainable forestry systems. In short rotation Eucalyptus plantations, NPK pellets are routinely added to the seedling's top soil layer at planting, potentially leading to increased seedling mortality, nutrient loss and environmental degradation. To address this triple challenge, the development of efficient fertilization practices is essential. In the present work, we synthesized a crosslinked acrylic-cellulosic superabsorbent composite (SAPH-BAL) containing small amounts of specific nutrients integrated in the polymer matrix. We analyzed the composite's chemical and rheological properties, and assessed the viability of Eucalyptus plantations supplied with it at planting. Physiological measurements confirmed the suitability of SAPH-BAL in greenhouse-grown potted seedlings subjected to different growth conditions, showing that it efficiently delivers nutrients while protecting seedlings from drought stress. Field experiments carried out at ten South American locations covering an ample range of environmental conditions confirmed the beneficial effect of SAPH-BAL on growth and survival in comparison to the conventional fertilization scheme (superabsorbent + 75 g NPK). Furthermore, it was found that plants treated with SAPH-BAL were less affected by the differences in rainfall regimes during the experiments compared to those fertilized conventionally. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report describing the successful use of superabsorbents for root targeted delivery of fertilizers in forestry operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tubert
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V A Vitali
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M S Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA), Instituto Franco Argentino sobre Estudios del Clima y sus Impactos (UMI IFAECI)/CNRS, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F A Tubert
- Tetraquímica S.A., Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Baroli
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Amodeo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Weichert H, Högy P, Mora-Ramirez I, Fuchs J, Eggert K, Koehler P, Weschke W, Fangmeier A, Weber H. Grain yield and quality responses of wheat expressing a barley sucrose transporter to combined climate change factors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5511-5525. [PMID: 29069444 PMCID: PMC5853912 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield stability must be ensured under future climate conditions such as elevated CO2 and high temperatures. We tested 'HOSUT', a winter wheat line expressing a grain-targeted sucrose transporter of barley in response to combinations of CO2 enrichment, a heat wave, and high nitrogen fertilization. Compared with wild-type Certo, HOSUT had a superior performance for grain yield, aboveground biomass, and ears per plant, obviously due to transgene activity in developing grains and young vegetative sinks. HOSUT grains were larger and contained more endosperm cells. HOSUT and high CO2 effects similarly improved phenological and yield-related traits. Significant HOSUT-CO2 interactions for biomass of stems, ears, grain yield, nitrogen yield, and grain number revealed that Certo was promoted by CO2 enrichment, whereas HOSUT responded weakly. CO2 enrichment strongly reduced and HOSUT effects weakly reduced grain nitrogen, storage proteins, and free amino acids. In contrast to CO2 enrichment, HOSUT effects did not impair grain micronutrient concentrations. Significant HOSUT-nitrogen fertilization interactions for ear biomass, grain yield, grain number per plant, and harvest index indicated that HOSUT benefited more from additional nitrogen. The heat wave decreased aboveground and ear biomass, grain yield, harvest index, grain size, and starch and water use, but increased grain sucrose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Weichert
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Petra Högy
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant Ecology and Ecotoxicology, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Isabel Mora-Ramirez
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jörg Fuchs
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Kai Eggert
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Peter Koehler
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie; Leibniz Institut, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85353 Freising, Germany
| | - Winfriede Weschke
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant Ecology and Ecotoxicology, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Weber
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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Soluble soil aluminum alters the relative uptake of mineral nitrogen forms by six mature temperate broadleaf tree species: possible implications for watershed nitrate retention. Oecologia 2017; 185:327-337. [PMID: 28913653 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased availability of monomeric aluminum (Al3+) in forest soils is an important adverse effect of acidic deposition that reduces root growth and inhibits nutrient uptake. There is evidence that Al3+ exposure interferes with NO3- uptake. If true for overstory trees, the reduction in stand demand for NO3- could increase NO3- discharge in stream water. These effects may also differ between species that tolerate different levels of soil acidity. To examine these ideas, we measured changes in relative uptake of NO3- and NH4+ by six tree species in situ under increased soil Al3+ using a 15N-labeling technique, and measured soluble soil Al levels in a separate whole-watershed acidification experiment in the Fernow Experimental Forest (WV). When exposed to added Al3+, the proportion of inorganic N acquired as NO3- dropped 14% across species, but we did not detect a reduction in overall N uptake, nor did tree species differ in this response. In the long-term acidification experiment, we found that soluble soil Al was mostly in the free Al3+ form, and the concentration of Al3+ was ~65 μM higher (~250%) in the mineral soil of the acidified watershed vs. an untreated watershed. Thus, increased levels of soil Al3+ under acidic deposition cause a reduction in uptake of NO3- by mature trees. When our 15N uptake results were applied to the watershed acidification experiment, they suggest that increased Al3+ exposure could reduce tree uptake of NO3- by 7.73 kg N ha-1 year-1, and thus increase watershed NO3- discharge.
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Biczak R, Pawłowska B, Telesiński A, Kapuśniak J. Role of cation structure in the phytotoxicity of ionic liquids: growth inhibition and oxidative stress in spring barley and common radish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:18444-18457. [PMID: 28643283 PMCID: PMC5554276 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study determines the influence of three ionic liquids (ILs) containing cations with diversified structure on the growth and development of spring barley seedlings and common radish leaves. Increasing amounts of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate [Pyrrol][PF6], 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium hexafluorophosphate [Piper][PF6], and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate [Pyrid][PF6] were added to the soil on which both plants were cultivated. The results of this studies showed that the applied ILs were highly toxic for plants, demonstrated by the inhibition of length of plant shoots and roots, decrease of fresh mass, and increase of dry weight content. Common radish turned out to be the plant with higher resistance to the used ILs. The differences in the cation structure did not influence phytotoxity of ILs for spring barley. Furthermore, all ILs led to a decrease of photosynthetic pigments, which was directly followed by decreased primary production in plants. Oxidative stress in plants occurred due to the presence of ILs in the soil, which was demonstrated by the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, changes in the H2O2 level, and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). The changes in the chlorophyll contents and the increase of POD activity turned out to be the most significant oxidative stress biomarkers in spring barley and common radish. Both spring barley and radish exposed to ILs accumulated a large amount of fluoride ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Biczak
- The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av, 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pawłowska
- The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av, 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Telesiński
- The Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Juliusza Słowackiego st. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Janusz Kapuśniak
- The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av, 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland
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Pawłowska B, Telesiński A, Płatkowski M, Stręk M, Śnioszek M, Biczak R. Reaction of Spring Barley and Common Radish on the Introduction of Ionic Liquids Containing Asymmetric Cations to the Soil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4562-4571. [PMID: 28537731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The harmful effect of ionic liquids (ILs) on the environment is one of the important elements of scientific research conducted around the world. This study presents the effect of ionic liquids, containing the asymmetric cations benzyltrimethylammonium chloride [BenzTMA][Cl] and benzyltriethylammonium chloride [BenzTEA][Cl], on physiological and biochemical changes in common radish plants and spring barley seedlings. The examined ILs demonstrated low toxicity to higher plants. The compound that exhibited higher phytotoxicity to these plant species was [BenzTMA][Cl], whereas the plant that was more resistant to such ILs was common radish. Both the ionic liquids, particularly at higher concentrations, led to changes in the metabolism of plants, which resulted in a decrease of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids content. The observed changes were positively correlated with increasing concentrations of the examined ILs in the soil. In the case of spring barley, a decrease in the fresh weight and an increase in the dry weight of the seedlings were also observed. The evidence of oxidative stress occurrence in spring barley was observed due to the accumulation of malondialdehyde and free proline, as well as due to an increase in the activity of catalase and peroxidase. The changes in these biomarkers indicating oxidative stress occurrence in common radish plants were much lower. An increase in the content of chloride ions was observed in both the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pawłowska
- The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa , 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - A Telesiński
- The Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Juliusza Słowackiego st. 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Płatkowski
- The Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Juliusza Słowackiego st. 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Stręk
- The Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Juliusza Słowackiego st. 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Śnioszek
- The Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology , Juliusza Słowackiego st. 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - R Biczak
- The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa , 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
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Biczak R. Changes in growth and physiological parameters of spring barley and common radish under the influence of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:259-268. [PMID: 28402912 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) constitute a large group of chemical substances, which, thanks to their desirable properties, still attract attention of scientists and representatives of the industry. This may lead to a greater commercial use of these compounds, which will undoubtedly lead to the contamination of soils, constituting the basis of plant vegetation, with these substances. This paper presents effect of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMMIM][BF4] on the growth and development of spring barley and common radish and on the physiological and biochemical changes in these plants. The used IL was characterized by relatively high toxicity for the monocotyledonous plant, which was exhibited by shortening of the plant length and their root length, decreasing the fresh weight yield. Moreover, [BMMIM][BF4] led to the decrease in the content of all photosynthetic pigments in spring barley seedlings, reflecting the decrease in the fresh yield. Furthermore, the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and changes in contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, that is, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) may suggest the occurrence of oxidative stress in spring barley. The decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigment and the increase of POD activity constitute the most reliable markers of oxidative stress and, at the same time, the signs of early aging of spring barley plants. Common radish was the plant with a very high tolerance for the used IL, which can be indicated by, that is, EC50 values, determined based on inhibition of root length, plant length, and fresh weight yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Biczak
- Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
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Biczak R, Śnioszek M, Telesiński A, Pawłowska B. Growth inhibition and efficiency of the antioxidant system in spring barley and common radish grown on soil polluted ionic liquids with iodide anions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:463-471. [PMID: 28213323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) constitute a huge group of substances that are increasingly common in the commercial use. This situation may lead to the contamination of the soil environment which being the basic of plants vegetation. This paper presents the effect of four ILs with I- anion on the growth and development of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers) and changes in metabolism of the plants. Seedlings of spring barley and common radish cultivated on soil with increasing ILs concentration exhibited typical phytotoxicity symptoms. A considerable reduction of shoot and root lengths, decrease of fresh weight (FW) and increase of dry weight (DW) occurred in both test plants. Ionic liquids concentration increase in soil was correlated with the decrease of concentrations of all photosynthetic pigments in the plants. The observed increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and changes in the H2O2 level indicated presence of oxidative stress in spring barley and common radish, which usually led to the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity. The most reliable biomarker of oxidative stress was chlorophyll level and changes in POD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Biczak
- Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
| | - Martyna Śnioszek
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, The Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Juliusza Słowackiego st. 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Telesiński
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, The Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Juliusza Słowackiego st. 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Pawłowska
- Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
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Mohanta TK, Bae H. Cloning and characterization of auxin efflux carrier genes EcPIN1a and EcPIN1b from finger millet Eleusine coracana L. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:51. [PMID: 28444595 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin signaling events in plants play important role in developmental regulation as well as gravitropic responses and plays crucial role in the development of root, lateral root and root hairs. The gene that is known to be most important in the development of root, lateral root and root hairs is commonly known as auxin efflux carrier (PIN). Being commonly known as orphan plant, the genome sequence of Eleusine coracana is not known yet, and hence it was very difficult to conduct advanced research in root development in this plant. As PIN gene plays crucial role in root development, to have some advanced study we proposed to clone the PIN genes from E. coracana. We cloned two PIN genes in E. coracana and named them as EcPIN1a and EcPIN1b. The coding sequence (CDS) of EcPIN1a was 1779 bp and EcPIN1b was 1788 bp long that encodes for 593 and 596 amino acids, respectively. In-silico analysis shows the presence of transmembrane domain in EcPIN1a and EcPIN1b protein. Multiple sequence alignment of EcPIN1a and EcPIN1b protein shows the presence of several conserved motifs. Phylogenetic analysis of EcPIN1a and EcPIN1b grouped with the PIN gene of monocot plant Oryza sativa. This shows that EcPIN genes were monocot specific, and closely match with the PIN genes of O. sativa. The transcript analysis of EcPIN1a gene in leaf tissue shows gradual up-regulation from 7th to 28th days of developmental time period while the transcript level was found to be lower in root tissue. The transcript abundance of EcPIN1b was not detected. Gradual up-regulation of EcPIN1a gene in developmental stages signifies its important role in root development in E. coracana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Free Major of Natural Sciences, School of Basic Studies, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hanhong Bae
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Biczak R, Pawłowska B, Płatkowski M, Stręk M, Telesiński A. Effect of Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Fluorine Atoms on Selected Weed Species. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:567-573. [PMID: 28197704 PMCID: PMC5346436 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of four structurally different quaternary ammonium salts (QASs), i.e., tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate [TBA][BF4], tetrahexylammonium tetrafluoroborate [THA][BF4], tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate [TBA][PF6], and tetrahexylammonium hexafluorophosphate [THA][PF6], on the growth and development of three weed species: gallant soldier (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.), white goosefoot (Chenopodium album L.) and common sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.). The examined compounds were applied in the form of foliar spraying and soil application. Strong herbicidal properties of the examined compounds were demonstrated in case of their soil application. Growth inhibition of plant shoots and roots was greater with soil application than with foliar treatment. The strongest herbicidal activity of compounds was demonstrated with [TBA][BF4] have demonstrated [TBA][BF4] and [TBA][PF6] applied to the soil, while [THA][BF4] demonstrated the weakest herbicidal action. The increased concentration of applied QASs caused a decrease in the assimilation pigments, change in dry weight content and inhibition of length of shoots and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Biczak
- Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej Av. 13/15, 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pawłowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej Av. 13/15, 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Maciej Płatkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego st. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Stręk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego st. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Telesiński
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego st. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
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Tardy F, Damour G, Dorel M, Moreau D. Trait-based characterisation of soil exploitation strategies of banana, weeds and cover plant species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173066. [PMID: 28257454 PMCID: PMC5336259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cover plants can be introduced in cropping systems to provide agroecosystem services, including weed control via competition for resources. There is currently no consensus on how to identify the best cover plant species, while trait-based approaches are promising for screening plant species due to their agroecosystem service provision potential. This study was carried out to characterize soil exploitation strategies of cover plant species in banana agroecosystems using a trait-based approach, and in turn identify cover plant species with a high weed control potential via competition for soil resources in banana cropping systems. A field experiment was conducted on 17 cover plant species, two weed species and two banana cultivars grown individually. Four functional traits were measured. Two of them (i.e., the size of the zone explored by roots and the root impact density) were used to characterize root system soil exploration patterns. Two other traits (i.e., specific root length and root diameter) were used to characterize resource acquisition within the soil zone explored by the roots. All studied traits exhibited marked variations among species. The findings suggested a trade-off between the abilities of species to develop a limited number of large diameter roots exploring a large soil zone versus many thin roots exploring a smaller soil zone. Three soil-resource exploitation strategies were identified among species: (i) with large diameter roots that explore a large soil zone; (ii) with small diameter roots and a high specific length that explore a smaller soil zone; and (iii) with a high total root-impact density and an intermediate specific root length that explore the uppermost soil layers. Interestingly, in our panel of species, no correlations with regard to belowground and aboveground strategies were noted: species with an acquisitive belowground strategy could display an acquisitive or a conservative aboveground strategy. The findings of this study illustrated that a trait-based approach could be used to identify plant species with potential for competing with weeds, while minimising competition with banana. Six of the 17 studied cover crop species were identified as having this potential. The next step will be to assess them for their weed control performances in banana cropping systems with low reliance on herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Tardy
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Capesterre-Belle-Eau, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Gaëlle Damour
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Capesterre-Belle-Eau, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Marc Dorel
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Capesterre-Belle-Eau, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Delphine Moreau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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50
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Wang J, Dun X, Shi J, Wang X, Liu G, Wang H. Genetic Dissection of Root Morphological Traits Related to Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Brassica napus L. under Two Contrasting Nitrogen Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1709. [PMID: 29033971 PMCID: PMC5626847 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
As the major determinant for nutrient uptake, root system architecture (RSA) has a massive impact on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, little is known the molecular control of RSA as related to NUE in rapeseed. Here, a rapeseed recombinant inbred line population (BnaZNRIL) was used to investigate root morphology (RM, an important component for RSA) and NUE-related traits under high-nitrogen (HN) and low-nitrogen (LN) conditions by hydroponics. Data analysis suggested that RM-related traits, particularly root size had significantly phenotypic correlations with plant dry biomass and N uptake irrespective of N levels, but no or little correlation with N utilization efficiency (NUtE), providing the potential to identify QTLs with pleiotropy or specificity for RM- and NUE-related traits. A total of 129 QTLs (including 23 stable QTLs, which were repeatedly detected at least two environments or different N levels) were identified and 83 of them were integrated into 22 pleiotropic QTL clusters. Five RM-NUE, ten RM-specific and three NUE-specific QTL clusters with same directions of additive-effect implied two NUE-improving approaches (RM-based and N utilization-based directly) and provided valuable genomic regions for NUE improvement in rapeseed. Importantly, all of four major QTLs and most of stable QTLs (20 out of 23) detected here were related to RM traits under HN and/or LN levels, suggested that regulating RM to improve NUE would be more feasible than regulating N efficiency directly. These results provided the promising genomic regions for marker-assisted selection on RM-based NUE improvement in rapeseed.
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