1
|
ElKhooly IA, El-Bassossy HM, Mohammed HO, Atwa AM, Hassan NA. Vitamin B1 and calcitriol enhance glibenclamide suppression of diabetic nephropathy: Role of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB/TNF-α/Nrf2/α-SMA trajectories. Life Sci 2024; 357:123046. [PMID: 39255926 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Glibenclamide is one of the most prescribed insulin secretagogues in diabetes due to its low cost, but its efficacy on suppressing diabetic complications is limited. Here, we examine whether addition of either vitamin B1 or calcitriol to glibenclamide could produce more suppression of diabetic nephropathy. Type 2 diabetes was induced by high fructose (10 % in drinking water), high salt (3 % in diet), and high fat diet (25 % in diet) for 3 weeks, followed by single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg, i.p.). Diabetic rats were treated with either glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg), vitamin B1 (70 mg/kg), glibenclamide/vitamin B1, calcitriol (0.1 μg/kg), or glibenclamide/calcitriol. Addition of either vitamin B1 or calcitriol to glibenclamide therapy enabled more suppression of diabetic nephropathy development as evidenced by more preserved creatinine clearance and less renal damage scores. Combination therapy resulted in mild enhancement in the effect of glibenclamide on glucose tolerance without affecting the area under the curve. Combination therapy was associated with more suppression of inflammatory cascades as evidenced by reducing the expression of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, combination therapy enhanced the antioxidant mechanisms as evidenced by increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and glutathione content and reducing malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels. Furthermore, combination therapy provided more suppression of fibrotic pathways as appear from reducing collagen deposition and the expression of α- smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In conclusion, addition of vitamin B1 or calcitriol to glibenclamide therapy can enhance the therapeutic efficiency of glibenclamide in suppressing diabetic nephropathy progression to the same extend, the protective effect is mediated through modulating HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB/TNF-α/Nrf2/α-SMA trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibtisam Ahmed ElKhooly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Heba Osama Mohammed
- Human anatomy and embryology department, Faculty of Medicine -Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt; College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq.
| | - Noura A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali N, Taher A, Islam N, Sarna NZ, Islam F. Evaluation of the relationship between xanthine oxidase activity and metabolic syndrome in a population group in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20380. [PMID: 39223331 PMCID: PMC11369145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that converts hypoxanthine into xanthine and xanthine into uric acid, which is then eliminated by the kidneys. Serum XO has been linked to diabetes, hypertension, liver dysfunction, and cardiovascular diseases. However, limited information exists on the relationship between serum XO activity and MetS. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between XO activity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in an adult population group in Bangladesh A total of 601 participants aged ≥18 years were included in the study. MetS was defined based on the criteria set by the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). Serum XO activity was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while other biochemical parameters were measured using colorimetric methods. The relationship between serum XO and MetS levels was determined through multivariate logistic regression analysis. Serum XO activity was found to be significantly higher in females (6.17 ± 3.77 U/L) as compared to males (4.00 ± 2.77 U/L) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, participants with MetS had significantly higher mean levels of serum XO (5.34 ± 3.39 U/L) than those without MetS (3.86 ± 2.90 U/L) (p < 0.001). The prevalence of MetS and its components, such as blood pressure and blood glucose increased across the XO quartiles (p < 0.001). Regression analysis indicated that XO activity was significantly and independently associated with the prevalence of MetS (at least p < 0.05 for all cases) and its components, including elevated blood pressure, high blood glucose, and low HDL-C (at least p < 0.05 for all cases). In conclusion, individuals with MetS had significantly higher XO levels than those without MetS. Serum XO activity showed an independent association with MetS and some of its components. Therefore, XO might serve as a useful marker of MetS. Prospective studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms linking XO and MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurshad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Abu Taher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Nayeemul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Zaman Sarna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohamed B, Ghareib SA, Alsemeh AE, El-Sayed SS. Telmisartan ameliorates nephropathy and restores the hippo pathway in rats with metabolic syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176605. [PMID: 38653362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine if the telmisartan-ameliorative effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS)-evoked nephropathy are attributed to the Hippo pathway. A secondary objective was to investigate the potential of vitamin D3 to enhance telmisartan-favourable effects. A diet composed of 24% fat and 3% salt, along with drinking water containing 10% fructose, was administered for 12 weeks to induce MetS. MetS-rats were given telmisartan (5 mg/kg/day), vitamin D3 (10 μg/kg/day) or both by gavage, starting in the sixth week of experimental diet administration. Assessments performed at closure included renal function, histological examination, catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) immunostaining was conducted. The expression of the Hippo pathway components, as well as that of angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 (AT1 and AT2), receptors was evaluated. Telmisartan attenuated MetS-evoked nephropathy, as demonstrated by improvement of renal function and histological features, enhancement of catalase, reduction of MDA, inflammation (NF-κB, IL-6), and renal fibrosis (increased PPAR-γ and PTEN and reduced MMP-9 and TGF-β). Telmisartan downregulated AT1-receptor, upregulated AT2-receptor and restored the Hippo pathway. Vitamin D3 replicated most of the telmisartan-elicited effects and enhanced the antifibrotic actions of telmisartan. The alleviative effects of telmisartan on MetS-evoked nephropathy may be related to the restoration of the Hippo pathway. The combination of vitamin D3 and telmisartan exerted more favourable effects on metabolic and nephropathic biomarkers compared with either one administered alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Badria Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Salah A Ghareib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Amira Ebrahim Alsemeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa S El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brostek A, Hong NJ, Zhang R, Forester BR, Barmore LE, Kaydo L, Kluge N, Smith C, Garvin JL, Gonzalez‐Vicente A. Independent effects of sex and stress on fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15489. [PMID: 36200315 PMCID: PMC9535342 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubule fructose metabolism is key to fructose-induced hypertension, but the roles of sex and stress are unclear. We hypothesized that females are resistant to the salt-sensitive hypertension caused by low amounts of dietary fructose compared to males and that the magnitude of the increase in blood pressure (BP) depends, in part, on amplification of the stress response of renal sympathetic nerves. We measured systolic BP (SBP) in rats fed high salt with either no sugar (HS), 20% glucose (GHS) or 20% fructose (FHS) in the drinking water for 7-8 days. FHS increased SBP in both males (Δ22 ± 9 mmHg; p < 0.046) and females (Δ16 ± 3 mmHg; p < 0.0007), while neither GHS nor HS alone induced changes in SBP in either sex. The FHS-induced increase in SBP as measured by telemetry in the absence of added stress (8 ± 2 mmHg) was significantly lower than that measured by plethysmography (24 ± 5 mmHg) (p < 0.014). However, when BP was measured by telemetry simulating the stress of plethysmography, the increase in SBP was significantly greater (15 ± 3 mmHg) than under low stress (8 ± 1 mmHg) (p < 0.014). Moderate-stress also increased telemetric diastolic (p < 0.006) and mean BP (p < 0.006) compared to low-stress in FHS-fed animals. Norepinephrine excretion was greater in FHS-fed rats than HS-fed animals (Male: 6.4 ± 1.7 vs.1.8 ± 0.4 nmole/kg/day; p < 0.02. Female 54 ± 18 vs. 1.2 ± 0.6; p < 0.02). We conclude that fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension is similar in males and females unlike other forms of hypertension, and the increase in blood pressure depends in part on an augmented response of the sympathetic nervous system to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Brostek
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nancy J. Hong
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Ronghao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Beau R. Forester
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Lauren E. Barmore
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Lindsey Kaydo
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nicholas Kluge
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Corey Smith
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jeffrey L. Garvin
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Agustin Gonzalez‐Vicente
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionCleveland Clinic Glickman Urological & Kidney InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Dong X, Wang Y, Yang X, Tian H, Li T. Protective Effect of Coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.) on High-Fructose and High-Salt Diet-Induced Hypertension: Relevant to Improvement of Renal and Intestinal Function. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3730-3744. [PMID: 35315647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension has become a leading cardiovascular risk factor worldwide. In this study, we explored the salutary effects and relevant mechanisms of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), an herbal plant with culinary and medicinal values, on high-fructose and high-salt diet (HFSD)-induced hypertension in SD rats. Our results showed that oral administration of coriander (1.0 or 2.0 g/kg·bw) effectively attenuated HFSD-induced elevation of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure. Coriander also increased the serum levels of vasodilator factors (PGI2, NO, and eNOS), decreased Na+ retention and serum uric acid (UA) level, and ameliorated glucolipid profiles. qPCR results revealed that coriander downregulated the mRNA expression of NHE3, a Na+/H+ exchanger responsible for Na+ absorption, in kidney and small intestine. 16S rDNA sequencing showed that coriander altered the gut microbiota composition with the beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium and Oscillibacter significantly enriched. Correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of Bifidobacterium was evidently correlated with levels of NHE3, NO, eNOS, and UA. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that coriander contained a variety of flavonoids including rutin and quercetin. Conclusively, long-term consumption of coriander may ameliorate HFSD-induced hypertension by mitigating HFSD-caused abnormal changes in vascular endothelial function, renal and intestinal sodium absorption, glucolipid homeostasis, and gut microbiota in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yueyue Liu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinyue Dong
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Honglei Tian
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ting Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miura T, Sakuyama A, Xu L, Qiu J, Namai-Takahashi A, Ogawa Y, Kohzuki M, Ito O. Febuxostat ameliorates high salt intake-induced hypertension and renal damage in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. J Hypertens 2022; 40:327-337. [PMID: 34495901 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several clinical studies have reported that xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors have antihypertensive and renal protective effects but their mechanisms have not been fully determined. This study aims to clarify these mechanisms by examining the effects of febuxostat, which is a novel selective xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor, in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. METHODS Eight-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a normal salt (0.6% NaCl) or high salt (8% NaCl) diet for 8 weeks. A portion of the rats that were fed high salt diet were treated with febuxostat (3 mg/kg per day) simultaneously. Additionally, acute effects of febuxostat (3 mg/kg per day) were examined after high salt diet feeding for 4 or 8 weeks. RESULTS Treatment with febuxostat for 8 weeks attenuated high salt diet-induced hypertension, renal dysfunction, glomerular injury, and renal interstitial fibrosis. Febuxostat treatment reduced urinary excretion of H2O2 and malondialdehyde and renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content. High salt diet increased xanthine oxidoreductase activity and expression in the proximal tubules and medullary interstitium. Febuxostat completely inhibited xanthine oxidoreductase activity and attenuated the high salt diet-increased xanthine oxidoreductase expression. Febuxostat transiently increased urine volume and Na+ excretion without change in blood pressure or urinary creatinine excretion after high salt diet feeding for 4 or 8 weeks. CONCLUSION Febuxostat ameliorates high salt diet-induced hypertension and renal damage with a reduction of renal oxidative stress in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. The antihypertensive effect of febuxostat may be mediated in part by diuretic and natriuretic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai
| | - Akihiro Sakuyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo
| | - Lusi Xu
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai
| | - Jiahe Qiu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai
| | - Asako Namai-Takahashi
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Sport and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai
| | - Osamu Ito
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
xu C, Yu J. Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Hypertension Development Induced by Fructose Consumption. Food Funct 2022; 13:1702-1717. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During the past several decades, there has been a dramatic increase in fructose consumption worldwide in parallel with epidemics of metabolic diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested that excessive fructose consumption...
Collapse
|
8
|
Ulutaş F, Bozdemir A, Çelikyürek NA, Yaşar CA, Çobankara V. Cut-Off Value of Serum Uric Acid for Development of Gout Disease in Patients with Multiple Co-Morbidities. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2021; 32:243-248. [PMID: 34964028 PMCID: PMC8693293 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.32.3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between hyperuricemia, comorbid diseases and risk of developing gout disease in a Turkish population in a long follow-up period. Methods: A total of 2000 Turkish adults were cross-sectionally analysed for serum urate levels in 2009 at the Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine. All patients on regular follow-up at our tertiary health center (n=1322) were included in this study. Demographic features (age and gender), comorbid clinical conditions, and medication use were noted. The risk of developing gout and the determinant factors were investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyse causative effects of factors while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify optimal cut-off values of uric acid level for predicting the development of gout. Results: Among 1322 patients, the mean age was 56.9 (SD:14.68) years. 57.3% (n=758) of the patients were female. The most common co-morbid disease was chronic kidney disease (581, 43%), followed by hypertension (522, 39.4%). Gout developed in 25 patients (1.8%). Gout development risk and presence of all the above comorbidities were significantly higher in patients with serum urate ≥7mg/dl compared with <7mg/dl. Male gender and not using urate lowering drugs were the main risk factors for developing gout disease. ROC analysis of serum uric acid levels identified a cut-off value of >7 (AUC: 0.776, sensitivity 86.96%, specificity 66.74%). Conclusion: There is still a dilemma concerning the culprit effects of both comorbidities and hyperuricemia on the risk of developing gout disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firdevs Ulutaş
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Aslı Bozdemir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Canan Albayrak Yaşar
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Veli Çobankara
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Souza JA, Pinto ABG, de Oliveira EC, Coelho DB, Totou NL, de Lima WG, Becker LK. Aerobic exercise training prevents impairment in renal parameters and in body composition of rats fed a high sucrose diet. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:378. [PMID: 34565460 PMCID: PMC8474763 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of swimming training (T) on the renal system and body composition parameters in young animals treated with a high sucrose diet (SUD) during 12 weeks. RESULTS The SUD impaired the physical performance, increased the body adiposity index (BAI), Lee index (LI) and retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RAT) weight, plasma creatinine and number renal cells nuclei, decreased urinary volume and urinary creatinine excretion besides creatinine clearance. The T reversed the increased the BAI, LI, RAT weight, plasma and urinary creatinine, creatinine clearance and number renal cells nuclei in addition to promoting decrease in urinary protein excretion. This study found that eight weeks of swimming physical training protected renal function and restored normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values. Swimming training also contributed to prevention of the onset of a renal inflammatory process and caused a decrease in the risk of development of obesity promoted by SUD decreasing the body composition parameters (BAI, LI, and RAT weight).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline A de Souza
- Dept. of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson C de Oliveira
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35,400-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Coelho
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35,400-000, Brazil
| | - Nádia L Totou
- Dept. of Biological Sciences-ICEB, UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lenice K Becker
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35,400-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nadwa EH, Morcos GNB, Salama NM, Shafik AN. Comparing the Effects of Febuxostat and Allopurinol in an Animal Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Pharmacology 2021; 106:564-572. [PMID: 34182567 DOI: 10.1159/000516495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies highlighted the association of hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of febuxostat versus allopurinol on the biochemical changes that occur in MS. METHODS Forty adult male Sprague Dawley albino rats were used in the study. Insulin resistance and MS were induced by administration of a high-fructose diet for 8 weeks. Follow-up of changes in weight, blood pressure, serum biochemical parameters, serum antioxidant catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities was done. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed, and the thoracic aorta was isolated for in vitro study of the endothelial integrity. RESULTS Allopurinol and febuxostat treatment induced significant reduction in body weight, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, insulin, lipids, and improved kidney functions and endothelial integrity compared to nontreated rats. Febuxostat was more effective than allopurinol in normalizing serum fasting glucose, uric acid, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. CONCLUSION Xanthine oxidase inhibitors ameliorated the effects of MS. Febuxostat was mildly superior to allopurinol in lowering serum fasting glucose, lipids, uric acid, and antioxidant enzyme activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman H Nadwa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - George N B Morcos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Nagwan M Salama
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amani N Shafik
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Romero-Nava R, García N, Aguayo-Cerón KA, Sánchez Muñoz F, Huang F, Hong E, Villafaña S. Modifications in GPR21 and GPR82 genes expression as a consequence of metabolic syndrome etiology. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:38-44. [PMID: 32583711 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1784228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) has been related with alterations in expression levels of orphan G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as GPR21 and GPR82, which could be involved in some of the elements that characterizes the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this work was to evaluate changes in GPR21 and GPR82 receptors expression in two models of metabolic syndrome: one genetic (Zucker rats), and the other based on a diet (70% fructose for 9 weeks). GPR21 and GPR82 gene expressions were evaluated in brain, heart, aorta, liver and kidney by RT-qPCR. Rats with a high fructose diet, as well as obese Zucker rats, showed initial stages of pancreatic damage and alterations in some biochemical parameters related to the model consistent with the classification of MS. GPR21 and GPR82 receptors expressed in all tissues. The expression of GPR21 decreased in heart, aorta and kidney, but in liver the expression was different: decreased in diet model and increased in genetic model. In contrast, GPR82 expression depended of tissue and metabolic syndrome model. The results highlight the possible role of GPR21 and GPR82 receptors in the development MS. We conclude that the expression of GPR21 and GPR82 in different tissues is related with MS and depend of the origin of the syndrome, so they could be a therapeutic target for that syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,Laboratorio de Investigación en Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Noemí García
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Karla Aidee Aguayo-Cerón
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fausto Sánchez Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Enrique Hong
- Departamento de Neurofarmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Santiago Villafaña
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
El-Fawal R, El Fayoumi HM, Mahmoud MF. Effects of diosmin and crocin on metabolic syndrome-associated cardio-vascular complications in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1523-1536. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
13
|
Harmon DB, Mandler WK, Sipula IJ, Dedousis N, Lewis SE, Eckels JT, Du J, Wang Y, Huckestein BR, Pagano PJ, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Homanics GE, Van't Erve TJ, Stefanovic-Racic M, Jurczak MJ, O'Doherty RM, Kelley EE. Hepatocyte-Specific Ablation or Whole-Body Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidoreductase in Mice Corrects Obesity-Induced Systemic Hyperuricemia Without Improving Metabolic Abnormalities. Diabetes 2019; 68:1221-1229. [PMID: 30936145 PMCID: PMC6610025 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemic hyperuricemia (HyUA) in obesity/type 2 diabetes facilitated by elevated activity of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which is the sole source of uric acid (UA) in mammals, has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance/dyslipidemia in obesity. Here, the effects of hepatocyte-specific ablation of Xdh, the gene encoding XOR (HXO), and whole-body pharmacologic inhibition of XOR (febuxostat) on obesity-induced insulin resistance/dyslipidemia were assessed. Deletion of hepatocyte Xdh substantially lowered liver and plasma UA concentration. When exposed to an obesogenic diet, HXO and control floxed (FLX) mice became equally obese, but systemic HyUA was absent in HXO mice. Despite this, obese HXO mice became as insulin resistant and dyslipidemic as obese FLX mice. Similarly, febuxostat dramatically lowered plasma and tissue UA and XOR activity in obese wild-type mice without altering obesity-associated insulin resistance/dyslipidemia. These data demonstrate that hepatocyte XOR activity is a critical determinant of systemic UA homeostasis, that deletion of hepatocyte Xdh is sufficient to prevent systemic HyUA of obesity, and that neither prevention nor correction of HyUA improves insulin resistance/dyslipidemia in obesity. Thus, systemic HyUA, although clearly a biomarker of the metabolic abnormalities of obesity, does not appear to be causative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Harmon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - W Kyle Mandler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Ian J Sipula
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nikolaos Dedousis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sara E Lewis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Jeremy T Eckels
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Yekai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Brydie R Huckestein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gregg E Homanics
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Thomas J Van't Erve
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory/Free Radical Metabolism Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Maja Stefanovic-Racic
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert M O'Doherty
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Oh SH, Choi SY, Choi HJ, Ryu HM, Kim YJ, Jung HY, Cho JH, Kim CD, Park SH, Kwon TH, Kim YL. The emerging role of xanthine oxidase inhibition for suppression of breast cancer cell migration and metastasis associated with hypercholesterolemia. FASEB J 2019; 33:7301-7314. [PMID: 30860872 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802415rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is reported to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to promote breast cancer progression. ROS play an important role in tumor biology, and xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that generates ROS. The effects of febuxostat (FBX), an XO inhibitor, on breast cancer cell migration under LDL stimulation in vitro and metastasis of breast cancer associated with hypercholesterolemia in vivo were studied. In vitro, FBX significantly inhibited LDL-induced ROS production and cell migration. Treatment of small interfering RNA against XO was consistent with the findings of FBX treatment. In vivo, a significant increase of tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis was observed in a xenograft mouse model with 4T1 cells on a high cholesterol diet (HCD), both of which were markedly inhibited by FBX or allopurinol treatment. Moreover, ERK represented the main target-signaling pathway that was affected by FBX treatment in a xenograft mouse model on an HCD evaluated by NanoString nCounter analysis. Consistently, MEK/ERK inhibitors directly decreased the LDL-induced cell migration in vitro. In conclusion, FBX mitigates breast cancer cell migration and pulmonary metastasis in the hyperlipidemic condition, associated with decreased ROS generation and MAPK phosphorylation. The inhibition of ERK pathways is likely to underlie the XO inhibitor-mediated suppression of breast cancer cell migration.-Oh, S.-H., Choi, S.-Y., Choi, H.-J., Ryu, H.-M., Kim, Y.-J., Jung, H.-Y., Cho, J.-H., Kim, C.-D., Park, S.-H., Kwon, T.-H., Kim, Y.-L. The emerging role of xanthine oxidase inhibition for suppression of breast cancer cell migration and metastasis associated with hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and
| | - Soon-Youn Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and
| | - Hye-Myung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - You-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and
| | - Hee-Yeon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chan-Duck Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and.,Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rashidbeygi E, Safabakhsh M, Delshad Aghdam S, Mohammed SH, Alizadeh S. Metabolic syndrome and its components are related to a higher risk for albuminuria and proteinuria: Evidence from a meta-analysis on 10,603,067 subjects from 57 studies. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:830-843. [PMID: 30641817 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Previous studies have explored the relation of metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components and the risk of albuminuria/proteinuria but their results are inconsistent. Then, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis in order to resolve these controversies. METHOD PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched from their inception to 1 march 2018. Risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals were extracted and pooled using the random-effects approach. RESULT A total of 57 studies, 44 studies on albuminuria and 13 studies on proteinuria, with a total sample size of 10,603,067 participants, were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, MetS was contributed to higher risks of proteinuria (OR = 2.08, 95%CI = 1.85-2.34) and albuminuria (OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.71-2.15), independent of diabetes status; although, this relationship was more noticeable in studies that used the WHO definition of MetS and in non-East Asian populations. Also, the relationship between MetS and proteinuria was sex independent, while, for albuminuria was significant only in men. MetS components such as obesity, impaired fasting glucose, elevated blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia were associated with significant increases in proteinuria and albuminuria risk, while lower HDL-Cholesterol was only linked to greater risk of proteinuria. Moreover, the total impact of MetS on proteinuria was more remarkable than each component of the syndrome and an escalating dose-response association was found between the number of MetS components and albuminuria risk. CONCLUSION MetS and its components are potential risk factors for albuminuria and proteinuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Rashidbeygi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Safabakhsh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Delshad Aghdam
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shimels Hussien Mohammed
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences-International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Battelli MG, Bortolotti M, Polito L, Bolognesi A. Metabolic syndrome and cancer risk: The role of xanthine oxidoreductase. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101070. [PMID: 30576922 PMCID: PMC6302121 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related pathologies such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with chronic inflammation and cancer. The serum level of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is correlated to obesity-associated metabolic disorders. XOR can play a role in the pathogenesis of both metabolic syndrome and cancer through the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress elicited by the products of its activity. The reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the uric acid derived from XOR concur to the development of hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance and participate in both cell transformation and proliferation, as well as in the progression and metastasis process. Despite the availability of different drugs to inhibit in vivo XOR activity, the complexity of XOR inhibition effects should be carefully considered before clinical application, save in the case of symptomatic hyperuricemia. Metabolic syndrome (MS) increases the risk of cancer development. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) plays a role in both MS and cancer. Uric acid, ROS and RNS produced by XOR cause inflammation and oxidative stress. Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of MS and cancer. XOR activity can be pharmacologically controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Battelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Battelli MG, Bortolotti M, Polito L, Bolognesi A. The role of xanthine oxidoreductase and uric acid in metabolic syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2557-2565. [PMID: 29733945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) could contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome through the oxidative stress and the inflammatory response induced by XOR-derived reactive oxygen species and uric acid. Hyperuricemia is strongly linked to hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. The serum level of XOR is correlated to triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, fasting glycemia, fasting insulinemia and insulin resistance index. Increased activity of endothelium-linked XOR may promote hypertension. In addition, XOR is implicated in pre-adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. XOR and uric acid play a role in cell transformation and proliferation as well as in the progression and metastatic process. Collected evidences confirm the contribution of XOR and uric acid in metabolic syndrome. However, in some circumstances XOR and uric acid may have anti-oxidant protective outcomes. The dual-face role of both XOR and uric acid explains the contradictory results obtained with XOR inhibitors and suggests caution in their therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Battelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
El-Bassossy HM, Mahmoud MF, Eid BG. The vasodilatory effect of allopurinol mediates its antihypertensive effect: Effects on calcium movement and cardiac hemodynamics. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:381-387. [PMID: 29454286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the reported reduction in blood pressure in hypertensive patients treated with allopurinol, the mechanism of the allopurinol hypotensive effect is still unclear. In the current study, the hypotensive effect of allopurinol has been fully investigated in hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in rats by angiotensin II (120 ng/min/kg) infusion for two weeks. Rats were then subjected to real-time recording of blood pressure, left ventricular pressure and volume and surface ECG. After 10 min of basal recording, allopurinol was slowly injected into the femoral vein with a dose of 10 μmole/kg. Then, invasive blood pressure, cardiac hemodynamics and ECG were continuously recorded for an additional 20 min. In addition, the vasodilation effect of allopurinol was studied using the isolated artery technique. Allopurinol injection reduced systolic, diastolic and pulse blood pressure. Allopurinol suppressed both cardiac systolic and diastolic hemodynamics as is apparent from the reduction in the rate of rise and the rate of fall in left ventricular pressure. Allopurinol reduced the general cardiac output quickly. Allopurinol addition to the organ bath (10-1000 μM) produced significant vasodilation of PE pre-constricted aortae that was not affected by endothelium denudation, L-NAME or indomethacin. However, allopurinol ameliorated the calcium induced contraction of aorta pre-constricted with KCl in calcium-free media. Erk or ROCK inhibition did not attenuated allopurinol produced vasodilation. In conclusion, allopurinol has an antihypertensive effect that is mediated, probably, by reducing cardiac output and decreasing vascular resistance. The vasodilator effect of allopurinol is most likely mediated by calcium blocking activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Basma G Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zajączkowski S, Ziółkowski W, Badtke P, Zajączkowski MA, Flis DJ, Figarski A, Smolińska-Bylańska M, Wierzba TH. Promising effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition by allopurinol on autonomic heart regulation estimated by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in rats exposed to hypoxia and hyperoxia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192781. [PMID: 29432445 PMCID: PMC5809044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has long been suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in oxygen sensing via peripheral chemoreceptors, which would imply their involvement in chemoreflex activation and autonomic regulation of heart rate. We hypothesize that antioxidant affect neurogenic cardiovascular regulation through activation of chemoreflex which results in increased control of sympathetic mechanism regulating heart rhythm. Activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), which is among the major endogenous sources of ROS in the rat has been shown to increase during hypoxia promote oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of how XO inhibition affects neurogenic regulation of heart rhythm is still unclear. Aim The study aimed to evaluate effects of allopurinol-driven inhibition of XO on autonomic heart regulation in rats exposed to hypoxia followed by hyperoxia, using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Material and methods 16 conscious male Wistar rats (350 g): control-untreated (N = 8) and pretreated with Allopurinol-XO inhibitor (5 mg/kg, followed by 50 mg/kg), administered intraperitoneally (N = 8), were exposed to controlled hypobaric hypoxia (1h) in order to activate chemoreflex. The treatment was followed by 1h hyperoxia (chemoreflex suppression). Time-series of 1024 RR-intervals were extracted from 4kHz ECG recording for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in order to calculate the following time-domain parameters: mean RR interval (RRi), SDNN (standard deviation of all normal NN intervals), rMSSD (square root of the mean of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals), frequency-domain parameters (FFT method): TSP (total spectral power) as well as low and high frequency band powers (LF and HF). At the end of experiment we used rat plasma to evaluate enzymatic activity of XO and markers of oxidative stress: protein carbonyl group and 8-isoprostane concentrations. Enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measures in erythrocyte lysates. Results Allopurinol reduced oxidative stress which was the result of hypoxia/hyperoxia, as shown by decreased 8-isoprostane plasma concentration. XO inhibition did not markedly influence HRV parameters in standard normoxia. However, during hypoxia, as well as hyperoxia, allopurinol administration resulted in a significant increase of autonomic control upon the heart as shown by increased SDNN and TSP, with an increased vagal contribution (increased rMSSD and HF), whereas sympathovagal indexes (LF/HF, SDNN/rMSSD) remained unchanged. Conclusions Observed regulatory effects of XO inhibition did not confirm preliminary hypothesis which suggested that an antioxidant such as allopurinol might activate chemoreflex resulting in augmented sympathetic discharge to the heart. The HRV regulatory profile of XO inhibition observed during hypoxia as well as post-hypoxic hyperoxia corresponds to reported reduced risk of sudden cardiovascular events. Therefore our data provide a new argument for therapeutical use of allopurinol in hypoxic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wiesław Ziółkowski
- Department of Bioenergetics and Nutrition, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Badtke
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Damian J. Flis
- Department of Bioenergetics and Nutrition, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Figarski
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz H. Wierzba
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gu TT, Song L, Chen TY, Wang X, Zhao XJ, Ding XQ, Yang YZ, Pan Y, Zhang DM, Kong LD. Fructose downregulates miR-330 to induce renal inflammatory response and insulin signaling impairment: Attenuation by morin. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Lin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yan-Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zakaria EM, El-Maraghy NN, Ahmed AF, Ali AA, El-Bassossy HM. PARP inhibition ameliorates nephropathy in an animal model of type 2 diabetes: focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:621-631. [PMID: 28224182 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzyme contributes to nephropathy, a serious diabetic complication which may lead to end-stage renal disease. The study aims to investigate the effect of PARP over-activation on kidney functions in a type 2 diabetic rat model. The study also tests the therapeutic use of PARP inhibitors in diabetic nephropathy. Type 2 diabetes was induced in adult male rats by high-fructose/high-fat diet and low streptozotocin dose. Then, the PARP inhibitor 4-aminobenzamide (4-AB) was administered daily for 10 weeks. At the end, urine samples were collected to measure urine creatinine, albumin, and total proteins. PARP activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and nitrite content were measured in kidney tissue homogenate. Glucose, fructosamine, insulin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured in serum. Furthermore, histological studies, collagen deposition, and immunofluorescence of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) were carried out. PARP enzyme activity was significantly higher in the diabetic group and was significantly reduced by 4-AB administration. Diabetic animals had clear nephropathy indicated by proteinuria and increased albumin excretion rate (AER) which were significantly decreased by PARP inhibition. In addition, PARP inhibition increased creatinine clearance in diabetic animals and reduced renal TGF-β1 and glomerular fibrosis. Moreover, PARP inhibition alleviated the elevated serum TNF-α level, renal NFκB, nitrite, and the decrease in SOD activity in diabetic animals. However, PARP inhibition did not significantly affect neither hyperglycemia nor insulin sensitivity. PARP enzyme inhibition alleviates diabetic nephropathy through decreasing inflammation, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esraa M Zakaria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Nabila N El-Maraghy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdelmonim A Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tan X, Jiao PL, Wang YK, Wu ZT, Zeng XR, Li ML, Wang WZ. The phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling is involved in neuroinflammation in hypertensive rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:350-359. [PMID: 28191736 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS It has been demonstrated that neuroinflammation is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. The phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key region for sympathetic outflow, is upregulated and contributes to increased blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic outflow in hypertension. This study was designed to determine the role of the PI3K signaling in neuroinflammation in the RVLM of hypertension. METHODS The normotensive WKY rats were performed by intracisternal infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or angiotensin II (Ang II) for inducing neuroinflammation. Elisa was used to determine the level of proinflammatory cytokines. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of PI3K signaling pathway. Gene silencing of PI3K p110δ subunit and overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were realized by injecting related lentivirus into the RVLM. RESULTS In the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the PI3K signaling in the RVLM was upregulated compared with WKY, gene silencing of PI3K in the RVLM significantly reduced BP and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), but also decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. In the WKY rats, central infusion of LPS and Ang II significantly elevated BP and RSNA, but also increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and PI3K signaling activation in the RVLM. These changes in the Ang II-induced hypertension were effectively prevented by gene silencing of PI3K in the RVLM. Furthermore, overexpression of ACE2 in the RVLM significantly attenuated high BP and neuroinflammation, as well as decreased the activation of PI3K signaling in hypertensive rats. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the PI3K signaling in the RVLM is involved in neuroinflammation in hypertension and plays an important role in the renin-angiotensin system-mediated changes in neuroinflammation in the RVLM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tan
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Lei Jiao
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Tang Wu
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medical Research, West-South Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Miao-Ling Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medical Research, West-South Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Francisqueti FV, Santos KC, Ferron AJ, Lo AT, Minatel IO, Campos DH, Ferreira ALA, Corrêa CR. Fructose: Toxic effect on cardiorenal risk factors and redox state. SAGE Open Med 2016; 4:2050312116684294. [PMID: 28348741 PMCID: PMC5354174 DOI: 10.1177/2050312116684294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of fructose consumption on the antioxidant capacity in heart and kidney, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and evaluation of these variables after its removal. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 36) were divided into control group (n = 12): standard chow + water or F group: standard chow + fructose in drinking water (30%) for 15 weeks. After, F group was divided to continue receiving standard chow + fructose in drinking water (30%) (n = 12) or standard chow + water (Ex group, n = 12) for 9 weeks. Water, chow and caloric diaries intake, final body weight, adiposity index, plasma glucose and triacylglycerol, systolic blood pressure, and cardiac and renal hydrophilic antioxidant capacity were analyzed. RESULTS Control and Ex groups consumed less chow and water compared to F group. Caloric intake was higher in control group. There was no difference in final body weight and adiposity index. Systolic blood pressure and cardiac and renal hydrophilic antioxidant capacity were worst in F group. CONCLUSION Prolonged exposure to fructose induces oxidative stress, systolic blood pressure, and increase in triacylglycerol. When stopped fructose consumption, Ex group presented improvement in these variables, suggesting the toxicity effect of fructose when consumed in high amounts and prolonged exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angelo Tc Lo
- State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu
| | - Igor O Minatel
- State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu; State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Carlo Magliano D, Bringhenti I, Souza-Mello V. GW501516 Ameliorates A Fructose-Induced Inflammation Independent of AT1r Downregulation in Kidney. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.11131/2016/101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D’Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Departament of Morphology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabele Bringhenti
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Therapeutic strategy for efficient reduction of serum uric acid levels with allopurinol versus benzbromarone in hyperuricemic patients with essential hypertension - A randomized crossover study (terao study). Int J Cardiol 2016; 224:437-439. [PMID: 27701062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
26
|
Prabhakar P, Reeta KH, Maulik SK, Dinda AK, Gupta YK. α-Amyrin attenuates high fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:23-32. [PMID: 27911087 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of α-amyrin (a pentacyclic triterpene) on high-fructose diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into different groups. The control group was fed normal rat chow diet. The HFD group was fed HFD (60%; w/w) for 42 days. Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg, orally, once daily) was used as a standard drug. α-Amyrin was administered in 3 doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, orally, once daily along with HFD). Plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were estimated. Changes in blood pressure, oral glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance were measured. Hepatic oxidative stress as well as messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) were analyzed. A significant increase in systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides and a significant decrease in HDL-C were observed in HFD rats as compared with control rats. Glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were also significantly impaired with HFD. α-Amyrin prevented these changes in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic oxidative stress as well as micro- and macrovesicular fatty changes in hepatocytes caused by HFD were also attenuated by α-amyrin. α-Amyrin preserved the hepatic mRNA and protein levels of PPAR-α, which was reduced in HFD group. This study thus demonstrates that α-amyrin attenuates HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Prabhakar
- a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - K H Reeta
- a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Subir Kumar Maulik
- a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- b Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kho MC, Lee YJ, Park JH, Kim HY, Yoon JJ, Ahn YM, Tan R, Park MC, Cha JD, Choi KM, Kang DG, Lee HS. Fermented Red Ginseng Potentiates Improvement of Metabolic Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome Rat Models. Nutrients 2016; 8:E369. [PMID: 27322312 PMCID: PMC4924210 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome including obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension is a cluster of risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Fermentation of medicinal herbs improves their pharmacological efficacy. Red ginseng (RG), a widely used traditional herbal medicine, was reported with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity. Aim in the present study was to investigate that the effects of fermented red ginseng (FRG) on a high-fructose (HF) diet induced metabolic disorders, and those effects were compared to RG and losartan. Animals were divided into four groups: a control group fed a regular diet and tap water, and fructose groups that were fed a 60% high-fructose (HF) diet with/without RG 250 mg/kg/day or FRG 250 mg/kg/day for eight weeks, respectively. Treatment with FRG significantly suppressed the increments of body weight, liver weight, epididymal fat weight and adipocyte size. Moreover, FRG significantly prevented the development of metabolic disturbances such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Staining with Oil-red-o demonstrated a marked increase of hepatic accumulation of triglycerides, and this increase was prevented by FRG. FRG ameliorated endothelial dysfunction by downregulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adhesion molecules in the aorta. In addition, FRG induced markedly upregulation of Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) in the muscle. These results indicate that FRG ameliorates obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and fatty liver in HF diet rats. More favorable pharmacological effects on HF diet induced metabolic disorders were observed with FRG, compared to an equal dose of RG. These results showed that the pharmacological activity of RG was enhanced by fermentation. Taken together, fermentated red ginseng might be a beneficial therapeutic approach for metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chul Kho
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Yun Jung Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Ji Hun Park
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Hye Yoom Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Jung Joo Yoon
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - You Mee Ahn
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Rui Tan
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Min Cheol Park
- Department of Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Jeong Dan Cha
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea.
| | - Kyung Min Choi
- Department of Research Development, Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan, Jeonbuk 55442, Korea.
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Simulation of the solid state and the first and second hydration shell of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol: Structures obtained using DFT and MP2 methods. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
29
|
Li Y, Zhou J, Zeng X, Yu J. A Novel ACE Inhibitory Peptide Ala-His-Leu-Leu Lowering Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Med Food 2016; 19:181-6. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - XiaoXiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Yu
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ting WJ, Kuo WW, Hsieh DJY, Yeh YL, Day CH, Chen YH, Chen RJ, Padma VV, Chen YH, Huang CY. Heat Killed Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 Reduces Fibrosis Effects on the Liver and Heart in High Fat Diet-Hamsters via TGF-β Suppression. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25881-96. [PMID: 26516851 PMCID: PMC4632831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and NAFLD is highly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Scholars have suggested that certain probiotics may significantly impact cardiovascular health, particularly certain Lactobacillus species, such as Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 (Lr263) probiotics, which have been shown to reduce obesity and arteriosclerosis in vivo. In the present study, we examined the potential of heat-killed bacteria to attenuate high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic and cardiac damages and the possible underlying mechanism of the positive effects of heat-killed Lr263 oral supplements. Heat-killed Lr263 treatments (625 and 3125 mg/kg-hamster/day) were provided as a daily supplement by oral gavage to HFD-fed hamsters for eight weeks. The results show that heat-killed Lr263 treatments reduce fatty liver syndrome. Moreover, heat-killed Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 supplementation in HFD hamsters also reduced fibrosis in the liver and heart by reducing transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) expression levels. In conclusion, heat-killed Lr263 can reduce lipid metabolic stress in HFD hamsters and decrease the risk of fatty liver and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Ting
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lan Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
- Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35664, Taiwan.
| | | | - Ya-Hui Chen
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan 74144, Taiwan.
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | | | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan 74144, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Blackcurrant Suppresses Metabolic Syndrome Induced by High-Fructose Diet in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:385976. [PMID: 26504474 PMCID: PMC4609398 DOI: 10.1155/2015/385976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased fructose ingestion has been linked to obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome. Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum; BC) is a horticultural crop in Europe. To induce metabolic syndrome, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 60% high-fructose diet. Treatment with BC (100 or 300 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) significantly suppressed increased liver weight, epididymal fat weight, C-reactive protein (CRP), total bilirubin, leptin, and insulin in rats with induced metabolic syndrome. BC markedly prevented increased adipocyte size and hepatic triglyceride accumulation in rats with induced metabolic syndrome. BC suppressed oral glucose tolerance and protein expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) in muscle. BC significantly suppressed plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL content. BC suppressed endothelial dysfunction by inducing downregulation of endothelin-1 and adhesion molecules in the aorta. Vascular relaxation of thoracic aortic rings by sodium nitroprusside and acetylcholine was improved by BC. The present study provides evidence of the potential protective effect of BC against metabolic syndrome by demonstrating improvements in dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity in vivo.
Collapse
|
32
|
In vitro fructose exposure overactivates NADPH oxidase and causes oxidative stress in the isolated rat aorta. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:2030-7. [PMID: 26320835 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fructose acutely interferes with cardiovascular function in humans and in animals, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we tested whether fructose can affect endothelial function without the interference of its metabolic effect by exposing the rat aorta to a high fructose concentration and then evaluate the vascular responses to vasoactive agents. We observed that fructose exposure causes overactivation of NADPH oxidase, which enhances superoxide anion production and increases NO degradation. Additionally, the enhanced vasoconstrictor action of hydrogen peroxide might exacerbate contractile responses. This vasoactive imbalance might be the key role by which fructose induces vascular dysfunction.
Collapse
|