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Wu L, Liu S, Liu H. Dichloramine Hydrolysis in Membrane Desalination Permeate: Mechanistic Insights and Implications for Oxidative Capacity in Potable Reuse Applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:13157-13167. [PMID: 38996057 PMCID: PMC11270831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Dichloramine (NHCl2) naturally exists in reverse osmosis (RO) permeate due to its application as an antifouling chemical in membrane-based potable reuse treatment. This study investigated mechanisms of background NHCl2 hydrolysis associated with the generation of oxidative radical species in RO permeate, established a kinetic model to predict the oxidative capacity, and examined its removal efficiency on trace organic contaminants in potable reuse. Results showed that NHCl2 hydrolysis generated transient peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and subsequently dissociated into hydroxyl radical (HO•). The maximal HO• exposure was observed at an RO permeate pH of 8.4, higher than that from typical ultraviolet (UV)-based advanced oxidation processes. The HO• exposure during NHCl2 hydrolysis also peaked at a NH2Cl-to-NHCl2 molar ratio of 1:1. The oxidative capacity rapidly degraded 1,4-dioxane, carbamazepine, atenolol, and sulfamethoxazole in RO permeate. Furthermore, background elevated carbonate in fresh RO permeate can convert HO• to carbonate radical (CO3•-). Aeration of the RO permeate removed total carbonate, significantly increased HO• exposure, and enhanced the degradation kinetics of trace organic contaminants. The kinetic model of NHCl2 hydrolysis predicted well the degradation of contaminants in RO permeate. This study provides new mechanistic insights into NHCl2 hydrolysis that contributes to the oxidative degradation of trace organic contaminants in potable reuse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Environmental
Toxicology Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Sitao Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Haizhou Liu
- Environmental
Toxicology Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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2
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You N, Deng SH, He H, Hu J. Ferromanganese oxide-functionalized TiO 2 for rapid catalytic ozonation of PPCPs through a coordinated oxidation process with adjusted composition and strengthened generation of reactive oxygen species. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 258:121813. [PMID: 38820991 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Ferromanganese oxide (MFOx) was first utilized to functionalize TiO2 and an MFOx@TiO2 catalyst was developed for catalytic ozonation for rapid attack of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) with adjusted reactive oxygen species (ROSs) composition and strengthened ROSs generation. Unlike Al2O3, which strongly relied on adsorption and was significantly influenced by MFOx loading, synergistic catalytical effects of MFOx and TiO2 were observed, and optimal MFOx doping of 2 wt% and MFOx@TiO2 dosage of 500 ppm were obtained for catalyzing ozonation. In ibuprofen (IBP) degradation, MFOx@TiO2-catalyzed ozonation (MFOx@TiO2/O3) obtained 2.0-, 4.7- and 6.9-folds the kobs of TiO2/O3, MFOx/O3 and bare ozonation (B/O3). Stronger O3 decomposition was observed by MFOx@TiO2 over bare TiO2 with the participation of redox pairs Fe(II)/Fe(III) and Mn(II)/Mn(III)/Mn(IV) and increased surface oxygen vacancies (SOVs) from 9.8 % to 33.7 % was detected. The results revealed that Fe(II), Mn(II) and Mn(III) with low valance accelerated Ti(III) generation from Ti(VI), obtaining an unprecedented high Ti(III) composition occupying 35.3 % of the total Ti atoms. Ti(III) catalyzed the direct reduction of SOVs-O2 to •O2-, and it accelerated the formation of Ti(VI)-OH and Ti(VI)-O which catalyzed O3 decomposition into •O2-. •O2- was found to primarily initiate IBP degradation with nucleophilic addition and dominated over 66 % IBP removal. The enhanced •O2- generation further strengthened •OH and 1O2 production. MFOx@TiO2/O3 obtained 17 %, 21 % and 30 % higher TOC removal over TiO2/O3, MFOx/O3 and B/O3, respectively. Acute toxicity tests confirmed the effective toxicity control of organics by MFOx@TiO2/O3 process (inhibition rate: 10.9 %). Degradation test of atenolol and sulfamethoxazole confirmed the catalytic effects of MFOx@TiO2. MFOx@TiO2 performed strong resistance to water matrix in application test and showed good stability and reusability. The study proposed an effective catalyst for strengthening the ozonation process on PPCPs degradation and provided an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms and characteristics of the MFOx@TiO2 catalyst and MFOx@TiO2/O3 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na You
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Shi-Hai Deng
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Haiyang He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jiangyong Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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3
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Patel RVP, Raval H. Comparative assessment of treatment technologies for minimizing reverse osmosis concentrate volume for industrial applications: A review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 90:314-343. [PMID: 39007322 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Desalination of seawater, brackish water, and reclaimed water is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide to supplement and diversify fresh water supplies. However, particularly for industrial wastewater, the need for environment-friendly and economically viable alternatives for concentrate management is the major impediment to deploying large-scale desalination. This review covers various strategies and technologies for managing reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) and also includes their disposal, treatment, and potential applications. Developing energy-efficient, economical, and ecologically sound ROC management systems is essential if desalination and wastewater treatment are being implemented for a sustainable water future, particularly for industrial wastewater. The limitations and benefits of various concentrate management strategies are examined in this review. Moreover, it explores the potential of innovative technologies in reducing concentrate volume, enhancing water recovery, eliminating organic pollutants, and extracting valuable resources. This review critically discusses concentrate management approaches and technologies, including disposal, treatment, and reuse, including new technologies for reducing concentrate volume, boosting water recovery, eliminating organic contaminants, recovering valuable commodities, and minimizing energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Vardhan Prasad Patel
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Hiren Raval
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India E-mail:
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4
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Mutke XAM, Swiderski P, Drees F, Akin O, Lutze HV, Schmidt TC. Efficiency of ozonation and sulfate radical - AOP for removal of pharmaceuticals, corrosion inhibitors, x-ray contrast media and perfluorinated compounds from reverse osmosis concentrates. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121346. [PMID: 38569355 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the elimination of pharmaceuticals, corrosion inhibitors, x-ray contrast media and perfluorinated compounds from reverse osmosis concentrates during ozonation and UV/persulfate processes. Second-order rate constants for the reactions of candesartan, irbesartan, methyl-benzotriazole, and chloro‑benzotriazole with sulfate radical (SO4·-) were determined for the first time. Experiments were conducted in buffered pure water, in buffered water added with the matrix substituents chloride, carbonate, NOM, and reverse osmosis concentrate with spiked micropollutants (MP). UV/persulfate eliminated all MP to a higher extent than ozonation in RO concentrates due to the higher yield of oxidative species and photolytic degradation. Compounds with electron-rich moieties such as carbamazepine, diclofenac, metoprolol, and sulfamethoxazole were completely eliminated with small ozone doses (< 0.5 mg O3 / mg DOC) and with a small fluence (< 5000 J m-2) in UV/persulfate processes. Photosensitive compounds with high reactivity towards hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and SO4·- like the x-ray contrast media Iopamidol, Iohexol, and Amidotrizoic acid were successfully eliminated with a reasonable fluence in UV/persulfate, whereas these compounds persist in ozonation at common ozone dosages. However, much higher fluences and ozone dosages were required for the least reactive compounds like the class of benzotriazoles. Comparing the application of both oxidative processes to the RO concentrate, ozonation has the disadvantage of forming bromate. The energy input of both processes strongly depends on the target compounds to be eliminated. For the elimination of compounds such as sulfamethoxazole, ozonation is a feasible technique, whereas UV/persulfate is better suited for the elimination of recalcitrant compounds such as x-ray contrast media. In general, oxidative process treatment of RO concentrate could be applied to partly abate micropollutants before discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia A M Mutke
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Swiderski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Felix Drees
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Orkan Akin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute IWAR, Chair of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
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Zimmermann S, Revel M, Borowska E, Horn H. Degradation and mineralization of anti-cancer drugs Capecitabine, Bicalutamide and Irinotecan by UV-irradiation and ozone. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141780. [PMID: 38604516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The degradation of three anti-cancer drugs (ADs), Capecitabine (CAP), Bicalutamide (BIC) and Irinotecan (IRI), in ultrapure water by ozonation and UV-irradiation was tested in a bench-scale reactor and AD concentrations were measured through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). A low-pressure mercury UV (LP-UV) lamp was used and degradation by UV (λ = 254 nm) followed pseudo-first order kinetics. Incident radiation in the reactor was measured via chemical actinometry using uridine. The quantum yields (φ) for the degradation of CAP, BIC and IRI were 0.012, 0.0020 and 0.0045 mol Einstein-1, respectively. Ozone experiments with CAP and IRI were conducted by adding ozone stock solution to the reactor either with or without addition of tert-butanol (t-BuOH) as radical quencher. Using this experimental arrangement, no degradation of BIC was observed, so a semi-batch setup was employed for the ozone degradation experiments of BIC. Without t-BuOH, apparent second order reaction rate constants for the reaction of the ADs with molecular ozone were determined to be 3.5 ± 0.8 ∙ 103 L mol-1 s-1 (CAP), 7.9 ± 2.1 ∙ 10-1 L mol-1 s-1 (BIC) and 1.0 ± 0.3 ∙ 103 L mol-1 s-1 (IRI). When OH-radicals (∙OH) were quenched, rate constants were virtually the same for CAP and IRI. For BIC, a significantly lower constant of 1.0 ± 0.5 ∙ 10-1 L mol-1 s-1 was determined. Of the tested substances, BIC was the most recalcitrant, with the slowest degradation during both ozonation and UV-irradiation. The extent of mineralization was also determined for both processes. UV irradiation was able to fully degrade up to 80% of DOC, ozonation up to 30%. Toxicity tests with Daphnia magna (D. magna) did not find toxicity for fully degraded solutions of the three ADs at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Zimmermann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Messika Revel
- UniLaSalle - Ecole des Métiers de L'Environnement, CYCLANN, Campus de Ker Lann, F-35170, Bruz, France
| | - Ewa Borowska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany; DVGW Research Laboratories for Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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6
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Koo JW, Lee J, Nam SH, Kye H, Kim E, Kim H, Lee Y, Hwang TM. Evaluation of the prediction of micropollutant elimination during bromide ion-containing industrial wastewater ozonation using the R OH, O3 value. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139450. [PMID: 37451645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The composition of the wastewater matrix influences the oxidation potential of ozonation, a technique widely recognized efficient removal of micropollutants. Here, we developed a chemical kinetic model to determine the ozone dose required to minimize bromate production in wastewater containing bromine ions while achieving target removal rates. In wastewater ozonation, ozone decomposition comprises instantaneous ozone consumption and subsequent decomposition at first-order reaction rates. Under the injection condition of 1.5 g O3/g dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the instantaneous ozone demand was 62.7% of the injection concentration, and it increased proportionally with increasing injected ozone concentration. Ozone and hydroxyl radical exposures were proportional to the initial ozone dose, while hydroxyl radical exposure was proportional to ozone exposure, and the deviation was relatively high at 1.0-1.5 g O3/g DOC. The calculated hydroxyl radical exposure was 3.0 × 10-10 to 5.3 × 10-10 M s. Ozone and hydroxyl radicals are highly correlated with the ratio of ozone dose to organic matter concentration. Therefore, a trace substance removal rate evaluation model combined with the ROH, O3 model and a bromate generation model were also considered. For ibuprofen, the ozone dose for achieving the target removal rate of 80% while maintaining the bromate concentration below 50 μg L-1 was suitable in the operating range of 0.86 g O3/g DOC or more. The proposed method provides a practical operation strategy to calculate the appropriate ozone dose condition from the target compound removal rate prediction and bromate generation models considering the ratio of ozone dose to organic matter concentration in the incoming wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wuk Koo
- Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyangdae-Ro, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10223, South Korea
| | - Juwon Lee
- Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyangdae-Ro, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10223, South Korea
| | - Sook-Hyun Nam
- Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyangdae-Ro, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10223, South Korea
| | - Homin Kye
- Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyangdae-Ro, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10223, South Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyangdae-Ro, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10223, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Tae-Mun Hwang
- Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyangdae-Ro, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10223, South Korea.
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7
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Wang H, Gao L, Xie Y, Yu G, Wang Y. Clarification of the role of singlet oxygen for pollutant abatement during persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes: Co 3O 4@CNTs activated peroxymonosulfate as an example. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120480. [PMID: 37598568 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) has often been identified by the popularly used quenching method as a more important reactive species (RS) than sulfate radicals (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for pollutant abatement during persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-AOPs), especially those activated by carbon-based catalysts. However, latest studies have demonstrated that the quenching method actually can often mislead the interpretations of the role of RS for pollutant abatement during AOPs due to various confounding effects caused by adding high-concentration quenchers in the system. To clarify the role of 1O2 in PS-AOPs, this study developed a probe compound-based experimental and kinetic model to quantify the concentrations and exposures of 1O2, SO4•-, and •OH, as well as their relative contributions to pollutant abatement during a cobalt oxide incorporated carbon nanotubes activated peroxymonosulfate (Co3O4@CNTs/PMS) process. Results show that during the Co3O4@CNTs/PMS process, the exposures and transient concentrations of 1O2 were about 19.6 and 41.3 times higher than those of SO4•- and •OH, respectively. However, the relative contribution of 1O2 to the abatement of most pollutants tested in this study (e.g., sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxyprazine, trimethoprim, and metoprolol) is generally negligible (f1O2 ≤ 8%) compared to that of SO4•- and •OH ( [Formula: see text] = 15%-98% and f•OH = 2%-78%) because of the significantly lower reactivity of 1O2 with these compounds than that of SO4•- and •OH. Reasons for misidentifying 1O2 as the dominant RS for pollutant abatement by the quenching method were then analyzed based on reaction kinetics principles. The results of this study highlight that while 1O2 can be generated in significant amounts and be present at higher concentrations than SO4•- and •OH in PS-AOP systems, 1O2 is unlikely to be the dominant RS for the abatement of most pollutants during the PS-AOPs because of its weak and selective oxidation capacity, and caution should be taken when using the quenching method to evaluate the role of RS for pollutant abatement by the PS-AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijiao Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083 China; School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lingwei Gao
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083 China
| | - Gang Yu
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environmental and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519000 China
| | - Yujue Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 China.
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Wang R, Li J, Xu C, Xu X, Tang F, Huang M. Integrating reverse osmosis and forward osmosis (RO-FO) for printing and dyeing wastewater treatment: impact of FO on water recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:92495-92506. [PMID: 37491487 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) alone has low water recovery efficiency because of membrane fouling and limited operating pressure. In this study, a combined reverse osmosis-forward osmosis (RO-FO) process was used for the first time to improve the water recovery efficiency of secondary effluent in printing and dyeing wastewater. The effects of operating pressure and pH on water recovery and removal efficiency of RO-FO were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions were an operating pressure of 1.5 MPa and a feed solution pH of 9.0. Under optimal operating conditions, most of the organic and inorganic substances in the wastewater can be removed, and the rejection of total organic carbon (TOC), Sb, Ca, and K were 98.7, 99.3, 97.0, and 92.7%, respectively. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices coupled with parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis indicated that two components (tryptophan and tyrosine) in the influent were effectively rejected by the hybrid process. The maximum water recovery (Rw, max) could reach 95%, which was higher than the current single RO process (75%). This research provided a feasible strategy to effectively recover water from printing and dyeing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Fengchen Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Manhong Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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9
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Lee W, Choi S, Kim H, Lee W, Lee M, Son H, Lee C, Cho M, Lee Y. Efficiency of ozonation and O 3/H 2O 2 as enhanced wastewater treatment processes for micropollutant abatement and disinfection with minimized byproduct formation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131436. [PMID: 37146328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation, a viable option for improving wastewater effluent quality, requires process optimization to ensure the organic micropollutants (OMPs) elimination and disinfection under minimized byproduct formation. This study assessed and compared the efficiencies of ozonation (O3) and ozone with hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2) for 70 OMPs elimination, inactivation of three bacteria and three viruses, and formation of bromate and biodegradable organics during the bench-scale O3 and O3/H2O2 treatment of municipal wastewater effluent. 39 OMPs were fully eliminated, and 22 OMPs were considerably eliminated (54 ± 14%) at an ozone dosage of 0.5 gO3/gDOC for their high reactivity to ozone or •OH. The chemical kinetics approach accurately predicted the OMP elimination levels based on the rate constants and exposures of ozone and •OH, where the quantum chemical calculation and group contribution method successfully predicted the ozone and •OH rate constants, respectively. Microbial inactivation levels increased with increasing ozone dosage up to ∼3.1 (bacteria) and ∼2.6 (virus) log10 reductions at 0.7 gO3/gDOC. O3/H2O2 minimized bromate formation but significantly decreased bacteria/virus inactivation, whereas its impact on OMP elimination was insignificant. Ozonation produced biodegradable organics that were removed by a post-biodegradation treatment, achieving up to 24% DOM mineralization. These results can be useful for optimizing O3 and O3/H2O2 processes for enhanced wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongbae Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangki Choi
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Woorim Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; Busan Water Quality Institute, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam 621-813, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Son
- Busan Water Quality Institute, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam 621-813, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cho
- SELS Center, Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunho Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Y, Guo L, Hoffmann MR. Ozone- and Hydroxyl Radical-Mediated Oxidation of Pharmaceutical Compounds Using Ni-Doped Sb-SnO 2 Anodes: Degradation Kinetics and Transformation Products. ACS ES&T ENGINEERING 2023; 3:335-348. [PMID: 36935895 PMCID: PMC10012175 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.2c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation provides a versatile technique for treating wastewater streams onsite. We previously reported that a two-layer heterojunction Ni-Sb-SnO2 anode (NAT/AT) can produce both ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radical (•OH). In this study, we explore further the applicability of NAT/AT anodes for oxidizing pharmaceutical compounds using carbamazepine (CBZ) and fluconazole (FCZ) as model probe compounds. Details of the oxidation reaction kinetics and subsequent reaction products are investigated in the absence and presence of chloride (Cl-) and sulfate (SO4 2-). In all cases, faster or comparable degradation kinetics of CBZ and FCZ are achieved using the double-layered NAT/AT anode coupled with a stainless steel (SS) cathode in direct comparison to an identical setup using a boron-doped diamond anode. Production of O3 on NAT/AT enhances the elimination of both parent compounds and their transformation products (TPs). Very fast CBZ degradation is observed during NAT/AT-SS electrolysis in both NaClO4 and NaCl electrolytes. However, more reaction products are identified in the presence of Cl- than ClO4 - (23 TPs vs 6). Rapid removal of FCZ is observed in NaClO4, while the degradation rate is retarded in NaCl depending on the [Cl-]. In SO4 2--containing electrolytes, altered reaction pathways and transformation product distributions are observed due to sulfate radical generation. SO4 ·- oxidation produces fewer hydroxylated products and promotes the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Similar trend in treatment performance is observed in mixtures of CBZ and FCZ with other pharmaceutical compounds in latrine wastewater and secondary WWTP effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Linde
Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Lei Guo
- Linde
Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas72701, United States
| | - Michael R. Hoffmann
- Linde
Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
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11
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Appraising efficacy of existing and advanced technologies for the remediation of beta-blockers from wastewater: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25427-25451. [PMID: 35094282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of emerging pollutants, such as beta-blockers (BB), has been recognized as one of the major threats to the environment due to the ecotoxicity associated with these emerging pollutants. The BB are prescribed to treat high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases; however, even at lower concentration, these pollutants can pose eco-toxic impacts towards aquatic organisms. Additionally, owing to their recalcitrant nature, BB are not effectively removed through conventional technologies, such as activated sludge process, trickling filter and moving bed bioreactor; thus, it is essential to understand the degradation mechanism of BB in established as well as embryonic technologies, like adsorption, electro-oxidation, Fenton process, ultraviolet-based advance oxidation process, ozonation, membrane systems, wetlands and algal treatment. In this regard, this review articulates the recalcitrant nature of BB and their associated removal technologies. Moreover, the major advantages and limitations of these BB removal technologies along with the recent advancements with regard to the application of innovative materials and strategies have also been elucidated. Therefore, the present review intends to aid the researchers in improving the BB removal efficiency of these technologies, thus alleviating the problem of the release of BB into the environment.
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12
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Babić B, Andrić D, Farkaš A, Vuk D, Ašperger D, Dolar D. Behavior of Mebendazole during NF/RO Adsorption and Photolysis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:888. [PMID: 36135907 PMCID: PMC9503556 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The idea of using drugs from the benzimidazole group as potential antitumor agents is becoming increasingly popular and widespread in research. However, their use as antiparasitics and in cancer treatment will increase their already recorded occurrence in the aquatic environment. In this study, the removal of the anthelmintic mebendazole from aqueous solution was investigated using nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes, adsorption on granular activated carbon (GAC), and photolytic degradation. The dense NF90 and reverse osmosis XLE membranes showed almost complete removal (>97.7%), while the NF270 membrane showed a large dependence of removal on initial concentration from 41.9% to 96.6%. Adsorption in the column resulted in complete removal of mebendazole at the highest GAC height used (40 cm) from the solution with the lowest concentration (1 mg/L). Photolytic degradation by artificial light for 2 and 12 h resulted in photodegradation of mebendazole in the range of 23.5−61.4%, forming a new degradation or transformation compound with an m/z ratio of 311. Mebendazole is a photosensitive drug whose photodegradation follows first-order kinetics and depends on the drug concentration. Toxicity was studied with Vibrio fischeri before and after photolysis, and showed a decrease in inhibition after 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Babić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Andrić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Farkaš
- The Institute for Development and International Relations, Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragana Vuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Ašperger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Dolar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Wünsch R, Hettich T, Prahtel M, Thomann M, Wintgens T, von Gunten U. Tradeoff between micropollutant abatement and bromate formation during ozonation of concentrates from nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118785. [PMID: 35949072 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water treatment with nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) membranes results in a purified permeate and a retentate, where solutes are concentrated and have to be properly managed and discharged. To date, little is known on how the selection of a semi-permeable dense membrane impacts the dissolved organic matter in the concentrate and what the consequences are for micropollutant (MP) abatement and bromate formation during concentrate treatment with ozone. Laboratory ozonation experiments were performed with standardized concentrates produced by three membranes (two NFs and one low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) membrane) from three water sources (two river waters and one lake water). The concentrates were standardized by adjustment of pH and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, total inorganic carbon, selected micropollutants (MP) with a low to high ozone reactivity and bromide to exclude factors which are known to impact ozonation. NF membranes had a lower retention of bromide and MPs than the LPRO membrane, and if the permeate quality of the NF membrane meets the requirements, the selection of this membrane type is beneficial due to the lower bromate formation risks upon concentrate ozonation. The bromate formation was typically higher in standardized concentrates of LPRO than of NF membranes, but the tradeoff between MP abatement and bromate formation upon ozonation of the standardized concentrates was not affected by the membrane type. Furthermore, there was no difference for the different source waters. Overall, ozonation of concentrates is only feasible for abatement of MPs with a high to moderate ozone reactivity with limited bromate formation. Differences in the DOM composition between NF and LPRO membrane concentrates are less relevant than retention of MPs and bromide by the membrane and the required ozone dose to meet a treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wünsch
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Hettich
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - M Prahtel
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - M Thomann
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - T Wintgens
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - U von Gunten
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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14
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Betsholtz A, Juárez R, Svahn O, Davidsson Å, Cimbritz M, Falås P. Ozonation of 14C-labeled micropollutants - mineralization of labeled moieties and adsorption of transformation products to activated carbon. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118738. [PMID: 35738061 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation transformation products (OTPs) are largely unknown compounds that are formed during the ozonation of micropollutants, and it is uncertain to which extent these compounds can be removed by subsequent adsorption to activated carbon. Thus, 14C-labeled micropollutants were ozonated to generate 14C-labeled OTPs, for which the adsorption of the sum of all 14C-labeled OTPs to activated carbon could be determined, based on the adsorption of the labeled carbon. Further, 14CO2 traps were used to examine the mineralization of 14C-labeled moieties during ozonation. 14CO2-formation revealed a partial mineralization of the 14C-labeled moieties in all compounds except for propyl-labeled bisphenol A and O-methyl-labeled naproxen. A similar degree of mineralization was noted for different compounds labeled at the same moiety, including the carboxylic carbon in diclofenac and ibuprofen (∼40% at 1 g O3/g DOC) and the aniline ring in sulfamethoxazole and sulfadiazine (∼30% at 1 g O3/g DOC). Aromatic ring cleavage was also confirmed for bisphenol A, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfadiazine through the formation of 14CO2. The adsorption experiments demonstrated increased adsorption of micropollutants to powdered activated carbon after ozonation, which was connected to a decreased adsorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Conversely, the OTPs showed a substantial and successive decline in adsorption at increased ozone doses for all compounds, likely due to decreased hydrophobicity and aromaticity of the OTPs. These findings indicate that adsorption to activated carbon alone is not a viable removal method for a wide range of ozonation transformation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Betsholtz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden.
| | - Rubén Juárez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden; Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, Lund SE-223 70, Sweden
| | - Ola Svahn
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad SE-291 88, Sweden
| | - Åsa Davidsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Michael Cimbritz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
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15
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Asghar A, Lutze HV, Tuerk J, Schmidt TC. Influence of water matrix on the degradation of organic micropollutants by ozone based processes: A review on oxidant scavenging mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128189. [PMID: 35077976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in aquatic environment has expedited scientific and regulatory efforts to retrofit existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The current strategy involves WWTPs upgrading with post-ozonation i.e., ozone (O3) and/or peroxone process (O3 +H2O2). Still, ozone-based degradation of OMPs faces several challenges. For example, the degradation mechanism and kinetics of OMPs could largely be affected by water matrix compounds which include inorganic ions and natural organic matter (NOM). pH also plays a decisive role in determining the reactivity of the oxidants (O3, H2O2, andHO•), stability and speciation of matrix constituents and OMPs and thus susceptibility of OMPs to the reactions with oxidants. There have been reviews discussing the impact of matrix components on the degradation of OMPs by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Nevertheless, a review focusing on scavenging mechanisms, formation of secondary oxidants and their scavenging effects with a particular focus on ozonation and peroxone process is lacking. Therefore, in order to broaden the knowledge on this subject, the database 'Web of Science' was searched for the studies related to the 'matrix effect on the degradation of organic micropollutants by ozone based processes' over the time period of 2004-2021. The relevant literature was thoroughly reviewed and following conclusions were made: i) chloride has inhibitory effects if it exits at higher concentrations or as free chlorine i.e. HOCl/ClO-. ii) The inhibitory effects of chloride, bromide, HOBr/OBr- and HOCl/ClO- are dominant in neutral and alkaline conditions and may result in the formation of secondary oxidants (e.g., chlorine atoms or free bromine), which in turn contribute to pollutant degradation or form undesired oxidation by-products such as BrO3-, ClO3- and halogenated organic products. ii) NOM may induce inhibitory or synergetic effects depending on the type, chemical properties and concentration of NOM. Therefore, more efforts are required to understand the importance of pH variation as well as the effects of water matrix on the reactivity of oxidants and subsequent degradation of OMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Asghar
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, Essen, Germany.
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Karolinenpl. 5, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jochen Tuerk
- Institut für Energie, und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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16
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Kovács K, Simon Á, Tóth T, Wojnárovits L. Free radical chemistry of atenolol and propranolol investigated by pulse and gamma radiolysis. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Zhang Y, Tang W, Bai J, Li J, Wang J, Zhou T, Guan X, Zhou B. Highly efficient removal of total nitrogen and dissolved organic compound in waste reverse osmosis concentrate mediated by chlorine radical on 3D Co 3O 4 nanowires anode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127662. [PMID: 34801298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from wastewater reclamation has posed significant disposal challenges due to its highly concentrated NH3-N, chloride ion and bio-refractory organics, and developing technologies for their removal are essential. Herein, we developed an efficient electrochemical system to remove total nitrogen and dissolved organic compound (DOC) simultaneously mediated by chlorine radical (Cl•), which is generated by activation of chloride ion existing in ROC on an inexpensive, three-dimensional Co3O4 nanowires. Results showed that the total nitrogen and total organic carbon removal were 98.2% and 56.9% in 60 min for synthetic ROC with 56 mg/L of NH3-N and 20 mg/L of DOC. The utilization of Co3O4 nanowires enhanced NH3-N degradation by 2.58 times compared with Co3O4 nanoplates, which were 1.69 and 17.5 times these of RuO2 and Pt. We found that structural Co3+/Co2+ acts as cyclic catalysis to produce Cl• via single-electron transfer, which convert NH3-N to N2 and lead to faster DOC degradation. This architecture provides abundant catalytic sites and sufficient accessibility of reactants. Small amount of nitrate generated by oxidation of NH3-N was further reduced to N2 on Pd-Cu/NF cathode. These findings provide new insights for utilization of waste Cl- and development of novel electrochemical system for ROC disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Tingsheng Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Baoxue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Yunnan 650034, PR China.
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18
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Zhang Y, Daniel G, Lanzalaco S, Isse AA, Facchin A, Wang A, Brillas E, Durante C, Sirés I. H 2O 2 production at gas-diffusion cathodes made from agarose-derived carbons with different textural properties for acebutolol degradation in chloride media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127005. [PMID: 34479080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The excessive cost, unsustainability or complex production of new highly selective electrocatalysts for H2O2 production, especially noble-metal-based ones, is prohibitive in the water treatment sector. To solve this conundrum, biomass-derived carbons with adequate textural properties were synthesized via agarose double-step pyrolysis followed by steam activation. A longer steam treatment enhanced the graphitization and porosity, even surpassing commercial carbon black. Steam treatment for 20 min yielded the greatest surface area (1248 m2 g-1), enhanced the mesopore/micropore volume distribution and increased the activity (E1/2 = 0.609 V) and yield of H2O2 (40%) as determined by RRDE. The upgraded textural properties had very positive impact on the ability of the corresponding gas-diffusion electrodes (GDEs) to accumulate H2O2, reaching Faradaic current efficiencies of ~95% at 30 min. Acidic solutions of β-blocker acebutolol were treated by photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) process in synthetic media with and without chloride. In urban wastewater, total drug disappearance was reached at 60 min with almost 50% mineralization after 360 min at only 10 mA cm-2. Up to 14 degradation products were identified in the Cl--containing medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Zhang
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Giorgia Daniel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia Lanzalaco
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abdirisak Ahmed Isse
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Facchin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Aimin Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Enric Brillas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Durante
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Multifunctional Membranes-A Versatile Approach for Emerging Pollutants Removal. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12010067. [PMID: 35054593 PMCID: PMC8778428 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive literature review surveying the most important polymer materials used for electrospinning processes and applied as membranes for the removal of emerging pollutants. Two types of processes integrate these membrane types: separation processes, where electrospun polymers act as a support for thin film composites (TFC), and adsorption as single or coupled processes (photo-catalysis, advanced oxidation, electrochemical), where a functionalization step is essential for the electrospun polymer to improve its properties. Emerging pollutants (EPs) released in the environment can be efficiently removed from water systems using electrospun membranes. The relevant results regarding removal efficiency, adsorption capacity, and the size and porosity of the membranes and fibers used for different EPs are described in detail.
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20
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Kovács K, Tóth T, Wojnárovits L. Evaluation of advanced oxidation processes for β-blockers degradation: a review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:685-705. [PMID: 35100147 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study summarizes the results of scientific investigations on the removal of the three most often used β-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol) by various advanced oxidation processes (AOP). The free radical chemistry, rate constants, degradation mechanism and elimination effectiveness of these compounds are discussed together with the technical details of experiments. In most AOP the degradation is predominantly initiated by hydroxyl radicals. In sulfate radical anion-based oxidation processes (SROP) both hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radical anions greatly contribute to the degradation. The rate constants of reactions with these two radicals are in the 109-1010 M-1 s-1 range. The degradation products reflect ipso attack, hydroxylation on the aromatic ring and/or the amino moiety and cleavage of the side chain. Among AOP, photocatalysis and SROP are the most effective for degradation of the three β-blockers. The operating parameters have to be optimized to the most suitable effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Kovács
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, H-1121, Budapest, Hungary E-mail:
| | - Tünde Tóth
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, H-1121, Budapest, Hungary E-mail: ; Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Wojnárovits
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, H-1121, Budapest, Hungary E-mail:
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21
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Nazarkovsky M, Czech B, Żmudka A, Bogatyrov VM, Artiushenko O, Zaitsev V, Saint-Pierre TD, Rocha RC, Kai J, Xing Y, Gonçalves WD, Veiga AG, Rocco MLM, Safeer SH, Galaburda MV, Carozo V, Aucélio RQ, Caraballo-Vivas RJ, Oranska OI, Dupont J. Structural, optical and catalytic properties of ZnO-SiO2 colored powders with the visible light-driven activity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Gulde R, Clerc B, Rutsch M, Helbing J, Salhi E, McArdell CS, von Gunten U. Oxidation of 51 micropollutants during drinking water ozonation: Formation of transformation products and their fate during biological post-filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 207:117812. [PMID: 34839057 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants (MP) with varying ozone-reactive moieties were spiked to lake water in the influent of a drinking water pilot plant consisting of an ozonation followed by a biological sand filtration. During ozonation, 227 transformation products (OTPs) from 39 of the spiked 51 MPs were detected after solid phase extraction by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). Based on the MS/MS data, tentative molecular structures are proposed. Reaction mechanisms for the formation of a large number of OTPs are suggested by combination of the kinetics of formation and abatement and state-of-the-art knowledge on ozone and hydroxyl radical chemistry. OTPs forming as primary or higher generation products from the oxidation of MPs could be differentiated. However, some expected products from the reactions of ozone with activated aromatic compounds and olefins were not detected with the applied analytical procedure. 187 OTPs were present in the sand filtration in sufficiently high concentrations to elucidate their fate in this treatment step. 35 of these OTPs (19%) were abated in the sand filtration step, most likely due to biodegradation. Only 24 (13%) of the OTPs were abated more efficiently than the parent compounds, with a dependency on the functional group of the parent MPs and OTPs. Overall, this study provides evidence, that the common assumption that OTPs are easily abated in biological post-treatment is not generally valid. Nevertheless, it is unknown how the OTPs, which escaped detection, would have behaved in the biological post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Gulde
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600 Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Clerc
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600 Switzerland
| | - Moreno Rutsch
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600 Switzerland
| | | | - Elisabeth Salhi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600 Switzerland
| | - Christa S McArdell
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600 Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600 Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland.
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23
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Loh WH, Cai QQ, Li R, Jothinathan L, Lee BCY, Ng OH, Guo J, Ong SL, Hu JY. Reverse osmosis concentrate treatment by microbubble ozonation-biological activated carbon process: Organics removal performance and environmental impact assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149289. [PMID: 34340085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) is being used in many water reclamation facilities to produce high quality water that can be reused for different purposes. As a part of the RO process, a reject stream is produced as the reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC), which contains elevated levels of contaminants compared to the source water. Effective treatment and safe disposal of ROC via cost-effective means is very challenging. This study aims to develop a robust microbubble ozonation-biological process for industrial ROC treatment with a target effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) lower than 60 mg/L. As compared to macrobubble ozonation, microbubble ozonation exhibited better ozone dissolution and 29% higher COD removal efficiency with the same ozone dosage. Under the optimum operating conditions with ozone dosage of 30 mg/L, ROC natural pH of 8.67 and ozonation duration of 1 h, microbubble ozonation achieved 42% COD removal efficiency while increasing the BOD5/COD ratio (ratio of biological oxygen demand over 5 days to the corresponding chemical oxygen demand) in ROC from 0.042 to 0.216. A biological activated carbon (BAC) column with an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 120 min was combined with microbubble ozonation for continuous ROC treatment. Over the 100-day operation, the combined system performed consistent organics removal with an average effluent COD of 45 mg/L. Both LC-OCD data and fluorescence EEM spectra confirmed humic substances were the dominant organic species in ROC. Ozone pre-treatment could achieve significant removal of humic substances in raw ROC. ATP analysis found that ozone pre-treatment enhanced BAC biofilm activity by around 5 folds. 5 min acute toxicity assessment with Aliivibrio fischeri showed 4 times reduction of bioluminescence inhibition in ozone treated ROC. From the environmental point of view, Life cycle assessment (LCA) results demonstrated that Ozone-BAC system had significant environmental burdens on climate change and human toxicity due to the electricity production process. These environmental impacts can be mitigated by optimizing the ozonation process with reduced ozone dosage or utilizing renewable energy sources for electricity generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Loh
- National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Q Q Cai
- National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - R Li
- National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - L Jothinathan
- National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - B C Y Lee
- National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - O H Ng
- National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - J Guo
- National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - S L Ong
- National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - J Y Hu
- National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore.
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Scholes RC, Stiegler AN, Anderson CM, Sedlak DL. Enabling Water Reuse by Treatment of Reverse Osmosis Concentrate: The Promise of Constructed Wetlands. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2021; 1:7-17. [PMID: 37101934 PMCID: PMC10114854 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As more cities experience water stress, the use of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes for wastewater treatment and reuse will expand. The concentrated waste stream resulting from RO treatment can pose chronic ecotoxicity risks if discharged to surface waters or shallow coastal ecosystems. Most existing RO concentrate treatment technologies are cost prohibitive, but constructed wetlands hold promise as a viable multibenefit solution because they have the potential to provide simultaneous treatment of nutrients, metals, and trace organic contaminants at a relatively low cost. They also are popular with the public. A handful of water-stressed cities have already begun experimenting with constructed wetlands for RO concentrate treatment. However, further research is needed to reduce the land area needed for treatment and increase the reliability of constructed wetland systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Scholes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation’s Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Angela N. Stiegler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation’s Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cayla M. Anderson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation’s Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David L. Sedlak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation’s Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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25
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Juárez R, Karlsson S, Falås P, Davidsson Å, Bester K, Cimbritz M. Integrating dissolved and particulate matter into a prediction tool for ozonation of organic micropollutants in wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148711. [PMID: 34243008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation is an established technique used to reduce the discharge of organic micropollutants into the aquatic environment, but the possibility of predicting the ozone demand for different wastewater matrices is still limited, especially in the presence of suspended solids (SS). A new tool for the prediction of the removal of organic micropollutants with ozone, based on dissolved and particulate matter in activated sludge effluents, was therefore developed. The removal of 25 organic micropollutants was determined on laboratory scale in the presence and absence of suspended solids. The linear trajectories of the dose-response curves enabled the determination of a new set of removal constants, based on dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD) and SS. The presence of SS had a more negative effect on the removal of slow-reacting micropollutants (removal constant <3.5 mg CODCr,diss·mg O3-1) with ozone than on the fast-reacting micropollutants (removal constant >3.5 mg CODCr,diss·mg O3-1). However, the decreased removal of the organic micropollutants was generally small, <10%, at typical SS concentrations, <25 mg SS·L-1. Integration of the new removal constants based on COD and SS enabled the removal in an ozone pilot plant to be modelled with an average deviation of <10% for several organic micropollutants. The use of the frequently measured parameters, COD and SS, as input parameters could facilitate the future use of the tool to predict the removal of micropollutants during ozonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Juárez
- Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, 223 70 Lund, Sweden; Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Stina Karlsson
- Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, 223 70 Lund, Sweden; Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Davidsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael Cimbritz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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26
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Mangalgiri K, Cheng Z, Cervantes S, Spencer S, Liu H. UV-based advanced oxidation of dissolved organic matter in reverse osmosis concentrate from a potable water reuse facility: A Parallel-Factor (PARAFAC) analysis approach. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117585. [PMID: 34478993 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from advanced water purification facilities is a challenge associated with the implementation of reverse osmosis-based treatment of municipal wastewater effluent for potable reuse. In particular, the dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in ROC diminishes the quality of the receiving water upon environmental disposal and affects the toxicity, fate, and transport of organic contaminants. This study investigates UV-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) for treating DOM in ROC using a Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) approach. DOM composition and degradation were tested in UV-only and three UV-AOPs using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), free chlorine (Cl2), and persulfate (S2O82-). The four-component PARAFAC model consisted of two terrestrial humic-like components (CUVH and CVisH), a wastewater/nutrient tracer component (CNuTr), and a protein-like (tyrosine-like) component (CPrTy). Based on the observed loss in the maximum fluorescence intensity of the components, DOM degradation was determined to be dependent on UV fluence, oxidant dose, and dilution factor of the ROC (i.e., bulk DOM concentration). CVisH was most the photolabile component in the UV-only system, followed by CNuTr, CPrTy, and CUVH, respectively. Furthermore, UV-H2O2 and UV-S2O82- displayed faster overall reaction kinetics compared to UV-Cl2. The degradation trends suggested that CNuTr and CPrTy consisted of chemical moieties that were susceptible to reactive oxygen species (HO•) but not reactive chlorine species; whereas, CVisH was sensitive to all reactive species generated in the three UV-AOPs. Compared to other components, CPrTy was recalcitrant in all treatment scenarios tested. Calculations using chemical probe-based analysis also confirmed these trends in the reactivity of DOM components. The outcomes of this study form a foundation for characterizing ROC reactivity in UV-AOP treatment technologies, to ultimately improve the sustainability of water reuse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmayi Mangalgiri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Zhiwen Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Sheila Cervantes
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Samantha Spencer
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Haizhou Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Program of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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27
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Abstract
One of the difficulties of establishing the intrinsic kinetics of photocatalytic oxidation processes is due to the complex mathematical formula used to determine the rate of photon absorption. To solve this problem, some models have been proposed and checked, such as the Six Flux Model (SFM) confirmed in central lamp photoreactors. External lamp photoreactors are also one of the most used configurations to study the photocatalytic oxidation of contaminants in water, and complex mathematical solutions have been reported to solve the rate of photon absorption. In this work, SFM Equations already reported for the central lamp photoreactor have been adapted to determine the rate of photon absorption in an external four-lamp photoreactor. The results obtained show slight differences from those of the Monte Carlo method. Additionally, once the rate of photon absorption was validated, the intrinsic rate constant and scavenging factor of the photocatalytic oxidation of some contaminant compounds from results already published have been determined.
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28
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López-Vinent N, Cruz-Alcalde A, Giménez J, Esplugas S. Mixtures of chelating agents to enhance photo-Fenton process at natural pH: Influence of wastewater matrix on micropollutant removal and bacterial inactivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147416. [PMID: 33964782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three organic fertilizers (EDTA (Ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid), EDDS (Ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinic acid) and DTPA (Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid)) were tested as Fe-complexes in photo-Fenton process at natural pH for micropollutants (MPs) abatement and simultaneous E.coli inactivation. Less stable Fe-complexes show high iron precipitation, stopping MPs degradation. On the contrary, stable Fe-complexes imply low kinetic rates for MPs removal. To solve these inconveniences, three mixtures of organic fertilizers were also tested, trying to improve the kinetic rates of micropollutants oxidation and overcome iron precipitation. Three different pollutants (propranolol (PROP), acetamiprid (ACMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX)) were used as the target compounds. As the iron release is, in part, linked to the hardness of water, two water matrices from two different secondary wastewaters (Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) and Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS)) were tested. The best performance in micropollutant degradation and E.coli inactivation was achieved with the combination of EDDS + EDTA, accomplishing a good equilibrium between iron precipitation and rate of MPs removal. For instance, total removal of propranolol was achieved at 45 min in MBR, while it was only 85.7% in CAS, being an improvement of the process comparing with that obtained using single organic fertilizers. At the end of the treatment, 2.1 log-inactivation for E.coli was reached in CAS. The differences observed between both wastewaters were related to CAS' higher DOC, turbidity, and hardness. Finally, from the physicochemical characterization conducted, including Biochemical Oxygen Demand at 5 days and phytotoxicity, it is possible to highlight the suitability of these treated effluents for its reuse in irrigation, as long as in CAS matrix the final values of E. coli are within the legal limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- N López-Vinent
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Cruz-Alcalde
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Giménez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Esplugas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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He Y, Wang L, Chen Z, Shen B, Wei J, Zeng P, Wen X. Catalytic ozonation for metoprolol and ibuprofen removal over different MnO 2 nanocrystals: Efficiency, transformation and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147328. [PMID: 33940402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manganese dioxide has been widely recognized as catalyst in catalytic ozonation for organic pollutants removal from wastewater in recent decades. However, few studies focus on the structure-activity relationship of MnO2 and catalytic ozonation mechanism in water. In the present study, the oxidative reactivity of three different crystal phases of MnO2 corresponding to α-MnO2, β-MnO2 and γ-MnO2 towards metoprolol (MET) and ibuprofen (IBU) were evaluated. α-MnO2 was found to contain the most abundant oxygen vacancy and readily reducible surface adsorbed oxygen (O2-, O-, OH-), which facilitated an increase of ozone utilization and the highest catalytic performance with 99% degradation efficiency for IBU and MET. α-MnO2 was then selected to investigate the optimum key operating parameters with a result of catalyst dosage 0.1 g/L, ozone dosage 1 mg/min and an initial pH 7. The introduction of α-MnO2 promoted reactive oxygen species (O2-, O-, OH-) generation which played significant roles in IBU degradation. Probable degradation pathways of MET and IBU were proposed according to the organic intermediates identified and the reaction sites based on density function theory (DFT) calculations. The present study deepened our understanding on the MnO2 catalyzed ozonation and provided reference to enhance the process efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liangjie Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Shen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinshan Wei
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xianghua Wen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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30
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Aldeguer Esquerdo A, Varo Galvañ PJ, Sentana Gadea I, Prats Rico D. Carbamazepine and Diclofenac Removal Double Treatment: Oxidation and Adsorption. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137163. [PMID: 34281100 PMCID: PMC8296929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present research, the effect of two hybrid treatments, ozone followed by powdered activated carbon (PAC) or PAC followed by ozone (O3), was studied for the removal of two drugs present in water: diclofenac and carbamazepine. In the study, two initial concentrations of each of the contaminants, 0.7 mg L-1 and 1.8 mg L-1, were used. Different doses of PAC between 4-20 mg L-1 were studied as variables, as well as different doses of O3 between 0.056-0.280 mg L-1. The evolution of the concentration of each contaminant over time was evaluated. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the combined treatment with ozone followed by PAC reduces between 50% and 75% the time required to achieve 90% removal of diclofenac when compared with the time required when only activated carbon was used. In the case of carbamazepine, the time required was 97% less. For carbamazepine, to achieve reduction percentages of up to 90%, O3 treatment followed by PAC acted faster than PAC followed by O3. In the case of diclofenac, PAC treatment followed by O3 was faster to reach concentrations of up to 90%. However, to reach yields below 80%, O3 treatment followed by PAC was more efficient.
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31
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Radiolysis of cardiovascular drug atenolol in aqueous solution by electron beam: Effect of water components and persulfate addition. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Ekblad M, Juárez R, Falås P, Bester K, Hagman M, Cimbritz M. Influence of operational conditions and wastewater properties on the removal of organic micropollutants through ozonation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112205. [PMID: 33621847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of operational conditions and wastewater properties on the removal of pharmaceuticals, contrast media and antibiotics through ozonation, in order to facilitate the optimization of treatment and its implementation on a full scale. Pilot-scale ozone oxidation trials were performed on treated wastewater, before and after post-precipitation, over a seven-month period, including summer and winter months. Hydraulic retention times as short as 7 min were found to be sufficient for organic micropollutant removal. A short hydraulic retention time reduces both investment costs and land use. Neither the choice of ozone dispersion method, a static mixer or a Venturi injector, nor the wastewater temperature had any significant effect on the removal efficiency of organic micropollutants, however, higher removal was achieved after on-site post-precipitation with aluminum chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ekblad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden; Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, SE-223 70 LUND, Sweden.
| | - R Juárez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden; Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, SE-223 70 LUND, Sweden
| | - P Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden
| | - K Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
| | - M Hagman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden
| | - M Cimbritz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 LUND, Sweden
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33
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Wirzberger V, Klein M, Woermann M, Lutze HV, Sures B, Schmidt TC. Matrix composition during ozonation of N-containing substances may influence the acute toxicity towards Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142727. [PMID: 33129546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants reach the aquatic environment through wastewater treatment plant effluents. Ozonation, applied in wastewater treatment for micropollutants abatement, can yield transformation products (TP), which might be of ecotoxicological concern. Previous studies on TP formation were mostly performed in ultrapure water. However, the water matrix can have a substantial influence and lead to unpredictable yields of TPs with toxicological potential. In this study the acute toxicity (immobilization) of the parent substances (isoproturon and metoprolol) and also of available TPs of isoproturon, metoprolol and diclofenac towards Daphnia magna (D. magna) were investigated. Further, the acute toxicity of TP mixtures, formed during ozonation of isoproturon, metoprolol and diclofenac was evaluated in the following systems: in the presence of radical scavengers (tert-butanol and dimethyl sulfoxide) and in the presence of hypobromous acid (HOBr), a secondary oxidant in ozonation. For all tested substances and TP standards, except 2,6-dichloroaniline (EC50 1.02 mg/L (48 h)), no immobilization of D. magna was detected. Ozonated pure water and wastewater did not show an immobilization effect either. After ozonation of diclofenac in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide 95% (48 h) of the daphnids were immobile. Ozonation of parent substances, after the reaction with HOBr, showed no effect for isoproturon but a high effect on D. magna for diclofenac (95% immobilization (48 h)) and an even higher effect for metoprolol (100% immobilization (48 h)). These results emphasize that complex water matrices can influence the toxicity of TPs as shown in this study for D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Wirzberger
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Michelle Klein
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Marion Woermann
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; Technical University Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Bernd Sures
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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Wang H, Sun L, Yan K, Wang J, Wang C, Yu G, Wang Y. Effects of coagulation-sedimentation-filtration pretreatment on micropollutant abatement by the electro-peroxone process. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129230. [PMID: 33316471 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The electro-peroxone (EP) process has been considered an attractive alternative to conventional ozonation for micropollutant abatement in water treatment. However, how to integrate the EP process into the water treatment trains in water utilities has yet to be investigated. This study compared micropollutant abatement during the EP treatment of potable source water with and without pretreatment of biological oxidation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. Results show that this pretreatment train removed 39% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and 28% of the UV254 absorbance of the raw water, leading to higher ozone (O3) stability in the treated water. By electrochemically generating hydrogen peroxide to accelerate O3 decomposition to hydroxyl radicals (•OH), the EP process considerably shortened the time required for ozone depletion and micropollutant abatement during the treatment of both the raw and pretreated water to ∼1 min, compared to ∼3 and 7.5 min during conventional ozonation of the raw and treated water, respectively. For the same specific ozone dose of 1 mg O3 mg-1 DOC (corresponding to 4.3 and 2.8 mg O3 L-1 for the raw and treated water, respectively), the abatement efficiencies of micropollutants with moderate and low ozone reactivity were increased by ∼10-15%, while the energy consumption for micropollutant abatement was decreased by ∼24-56% during the EP treatment of the treated water than the raw water. These results indicate that partial removal of DOC and ammonia from the raw water by the pretreatment train has a beneficial effect on enhancing micropollutant abatement and reducing energy consumption of the EP process. Therefore, it is more cost-effective to integrate the EP process after the pretreatment train in water utilities for micropollutant abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijiao Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Linzhao Sun
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Chen M, Zhao X, Wang C, Pan S, Zhang C, Wang Y. Electrochemical oxidation of reverse osmosis concentrates using macroporous Ti-ENTA/SnO 2-Sb flow-through anode: Degradation performance, energy efficiency and toxicity assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123295. [PMID: 32659574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to poor mass transfer performance and high energy consumption of the traditional electrochemical flow-by mode, this study developed a high-efficiency electrochemical oxidation system in flow-through mode based on three-dimensional macroporous enhanced TiO2 nanotube array/SnO2-Sb (MP-Ti-ENTA/SnO2-Sb) anode. The effects of initial pH, current density and flow rate on the COD degradation of reverse osmosis concentrates (ROCs) from reclaimed wastewater plant were investigated. Besides, the energy efficiency, biodegradability and acute biotoxicity were studied during electrochemical flow-through process. Compared with the flow-by mode, the flow-through mode based on the MP-Ti-ENTA/SnO2-Sb anode had a COD removal rate of 0.38 mg min-1 (current density: 5 mA cm-2) and an electrical efficiency per order (EE/O) of 5.3 kW h m-3. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum showed that the fulvic acids, humic acids and soluble microbial metabolites of ROCs could be effectively removed by the flow-through anode. In addition, the luminescence inhibition rate of the effluent was 22.4 %, indicating that the acute biotoxicity was reduced by more than 40 %. The electrochemical flow-through process of ROCs treatment required relatively low energy consumption without extra chemical agent addition, showing a broader application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Shuang Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Yingcai Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
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Mathon B, Coquery M, Liu Z, Penru Y, Guillon A, Esperanza M, Miège C, Choubert JM. Ozonation of 47 organic micropollutants in secondary treated municipal effluents: Direct and indirect kinetic reaction rates and modelling. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127969. [PMID: 33182096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants like pharmaceuticals, hormones and pesticides are still found in treated municipal wastewater. An effective way to degrade micropollutants is to use oxidants such as ozone or hydroxyl radicals. We designed an innovative experimental protocol combining batch experiments and a study of a full-scale WWTP to understand and predict the removal via ozonation of typical micropollutants present in secondary treated effluents. First, the direct and indirect ozonation of 47 organic micropollutants was scrutinized, then a model was developed and calibrated to simulate the ozone transfers and the oxidation of the selected micropollutants. The kinetic rate constants between micropollutants and ozone or hydroxyl radicals (OH●) were determined for 47 micropollutants found in secondary treated effluent. We classified the micropollutants into low- (kO3 between 1.50 and 4.47 × 102 L mol-1. s-1), medium- (kO3 between 1.31 × 103 and 4.92 × 103 L mol-1. s-1) and high-oxidizable groups (kO3 between 9.44 × 104 and 8.18 × 106 L mol-1. s-1) according to their reactivity with ozone, and identified the major degradation pathways for all 47 micropollutants. Micropolluants of the low- and medium-oxidizable groups were largely eliminated by the indirect pathway, at 96% and 84% on average, respectively. In contrast, micropollutants of high-oxidizable group were largely eliminated by the direct pathway, at 98% on average. The model successfully simulated the direct and indirect ozonation of the 47 micropollutants in batch experiments and confirmed the predominant pathways for each group. Finally, the model was applied to the full-scale ozonation process operated at an ozone dose ranging from 0.5 to 1.6 gO3. gDOC-1. The model was found to reliably simulate the ozonation-process removal efficiencies for 4 micropollutants (imidacloprid, fenofibric acid, metronidazole and ketoprofen).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mathon
- INRAE, UR REVERSAAL, 5 Rue de La Doua, CS 20244, F-69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France; INRAE, UR RiverLy, F-69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - M Coquery
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, F-69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Z Liu
- INRAE, UR REVERSAAL, 5 Rue de La Doua, CS 20244, F-69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Y Penru
- CIRSEE - Suez Environnement, 38 Rue Du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - A Guillon
- CIRSEE - Suez Environnement, 38 Rue Du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - M Esperanza
- CIRSEE - Suez Environnement, 38 Rue Du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - C Miège
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, F-69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - J-M Choubert
- INRAE, UR REVERSAAL, 5 Rue de La Doua, CS 20244, F-69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Scholes RC, King JF, Mitch WA, Sedlak DL. Transformation of Trace Organic Contaminants from Reverse Osmosis Concentrate by Open-Water Unit-Process Wetlands with and without Ozone Pretreatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:16176-16185. [PMID: 33269915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) treatment of municipal wastewater effluent is becoming more common as water reuse is implemented in water-stressed regions. Where RO concentrate is discharged with limited dilution, concentrations of trace organic contaminants could pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. To provide a low-cost option for removing trace organic compounds from RO concentrate, a pilot-scale treatment system comprising open-water unit-process wetlands with and without ozone pretreatment was studied over a 2-year period. A suite of ecotoxicologically relevant organic contaminants was partially removed via photo- and bio-transformations, including β-adrenergic blockers, antivirals, antibiotics, and pesticides. Biotransformation rates were as fast as or up to approximately 50% faster than model predictions based upon data from open-water wetlands that treated municipal wastewater effluent. Phototransformation rates were comparable to or as much as 60% slower than those predicted by models that accounted for light penetration and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Several compounds were transformed during ozone pretreatment that were poorly removed in the open-water wetland. The combined treatment system resulted in a decrease in the risk quotients of trace organic contaminants in the RO concentrate, but still dilution may be required to protect sensitive species from urban-use pesticides with low environmental effect concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Scholes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jacob F King
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - William A Mitch
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David L Sedlak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Abstract
In this study, the reduction of the pesticide simazine at an initial concentration of 0.7 mg L−1 in water has been investigated using two different technologies: adsorption with powdered and granulated activated carbon, advanced oxidation processes with ozone and finally, the combination of both technologies. The results obtained for a carbon dose of 16 mg L−1 show that powdered activated carbon, with contact times of 60 min, obtained 81% of reduction and in 24 h 92%, while granulated activated carbon at 60 min obtained a reduction of 2%, rising to 34% after 24 h of contact time. Therefore, powdered activated carbon achieves better reductions compared to granulated; when ozone was applied at a dose of 19.7 mg L−1, with a reaction time of 18 min, a reduction of 93% was obtained, achieving a better reduction in less time than with adsorption treatments; however, during oxidation, by-products of simazine were produced. In the combined treatments, with the same doses of carbon and ozone mentioned above, the treatment that starts with ozone followed by activated carbon powder is recommended due to the adsorption in the last phase reaching a 90% reduction of the simazine and its by-products in 38 min of time.
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39
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Cai QQ, Wu MY, Hu LM, Lee BCY, Ong SL, Wang P, Hu JY. Organics removal and in-situ granule activated carbon regeneration in FBR-Fenton/GAC process for reverse osmosis concentrate treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116119. [PMID: 32663698 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluidized bed reactor Fenton (FBR-Fenton) process was adopted for reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) treatment with three types of carriers, including sand, zeolite and granular activated carbon (GAC). Adsorption studies demonstrated that GAC achieved the best adsorption performance (maximum COD removal of 78% in 15 h) among the three carriers, and the adsorption of ROC organic matters followed a two-stage adsorption model. Fenton oxidations were carried out in three fluidized beds after column saturation, and FBR-Fenton/GAC process achieved highest COD removal (72%) and most BOD5/COD ratio enhancement (from 0.03 to 0.3) in ROC. Long-term operation data demonstrated good performance stability of GAC as the carrier. In addition, GAC fluidized bed obtained highest total iron removal rate via iron crystallization process. Continuous in-situ GAC regeneration with more than 90% recoveries of surface area, pore volume and adsorption capacity were observed along the ROC treatment with FBR-Fenton/GAC process. Mechanism studies revealed that better COD removal performance in FBR-Fenton/GAC process was attributed to the combining effects of homogenous Fenton reaction, GAC adsorption and GAC/H2O2 catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Q Cai
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory C/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - M Y Wu
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory C/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - L M Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - B C Y Lee
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory C/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - S L Ong
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory C/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - J Y Hu
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory C/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore.
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Trace Organic Compound Removal from Wastewater Reverse-Osmosis Concentrate by Advanced Oxidation Processes with UV/O 3/H 2O 2. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122785. [PMID: 32575623 PMCID: PMC7345651 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advanced technologies, such as reverse osmosis (RO), allow the reuse of treated wastewater for direct or indirect potable use. However, even highly efficient RO systems produce ~10-15% highly contaminated concentrate as a byproduct. This wastewater RO concentrate (WWROC) is very rich in metal ions, nutrients, and hard-to-degrade trace organic compounds (TOrCs), such as pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, flame retardants, and detergents, which must be treated before disposal. WWROC could be up to 10 times more concentrated than secondary effluent. We examined the efficiency of several advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on TOrC removal from a two-stage WWROC matrix in a pilot wastewater-treatment facility. WWROC ozonation or UV irradiation, with H2O2 addition, demonstrated efficient removal of TOrCs, varying between 21% and over 99% degradation, and indicating that radical oxidation (by HO·) is the dominant mechanism. However, AOPs are not sufficient to fully treat the WWROC, and thus, additional procedures are required to decrease metal ion and nutrient concentrations. Further biological treatment post-AOP is also highly important, to eliminate the degradable organic molecules obtained from the AOP.
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Deng H. A review on the application of ozonation to NF/RO concentrate for municipal wastewater reclamation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122071. [PMID: 32193076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) technology have gained worldwide acceptance for reclamation of municipal wastewater due to their excellent efficiencies in rejecting a wide spectrum of organic pollutants, bacteria, dissolved organic matters and inorganic salts. However, the application of NF/RO process produces inevitably a large volume of concentrated waste stream (NF/RO concentrate), which is generally characterised by high levels of inorganic and organic substances, a low biodegradation and potential ecotoxicity. At present, one of the most significant concerns for this process is regarding the sustainable management of municipal NF/RO concentrate, due to a potentially serious threat to water receiving body. It should therefore be further disposed or treated by effective technologies such as ozonation in a cost-effective way, aiming to minimize the potential environmental risk associated with the presence of emerging micropollutants (ng L-1 - μg L-1). This paper provides an overview on the disposal of NF/RO concentrate from municipal wastewater by ozonation process. This is a first review to present entirely ozonation efficiency of NF/RO concentrate in terms of elimination of emerging micropollutants, degradation of organic matters, as well as toxicity assessment. In addition, ozone combining biological activated carbon (BAC) or other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is also discussed, aiming to further improve mineralization of ozone-recalcitrant substances in NF/RO concentrate. Finally, further research directions regarding the management of NF/RO concentrate are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, China.
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King JF, Szczuka A, Zhang Z, Mitch WA. Efficacy of ozone for removal of pesticides, metals and indicator virus from reverse osmosis concentrates generated during potable reuse of municipal wastewaters. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 176:115744. [PMID: 32251944 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated ozone treatment to address concerns regarding the discharge to marine waters of chemical contaminants and pathogens in reverse osmosis (RO) concentrates generated during the potable reuse of municipal wastewaters. Previous studies indicated that contaminants can be sorted into five groups based on their reaction rate constants with ozone and hydroxyl radical to predict degradation of chemical contaminants during ozonation of municipal effluents. Spiking representatives of each group into five RO concentrate samples, this study demonstrated that the same contaminant grouping scheme could be used to predict contaminant degradation during ozonation of RO concentrates, despite the higher concentrations of ozone and hydroxyl radical scavengers. The predictive capability of the contaminant grouping scheme was further validated for four contaminants of concern in RO concentrates, including the pesticides fipronil and imidacloprid, and the metal chelates Ni-EDTA and Cu-EDTA. After measuring their ozone and hydroxyl radical reaction rate constants, these compounds were assigned to contaminant groups, and their degradation during ozonation matched predictions. Addition of 300 mg/L CaO at pH 11 achieved partial removal of the native nickel and copper by precipitation. Ozone pretreatment further enhanced precipitation of nickel, but not copper. Ozonation achieved 5-log inactivation of MS2 in all five concentrate samples at 1.18 mg O3/mg DOC. Ozonation at 0.9 mg O3/mg DOC formed 139-451 μg/L bromate. Pretreatment of RO concentrates with chlorine and ammonia reduced bromate formation by a maximum of 48% but increased total halogenated DBP concentrations from 20 μg/L to 36 μg/L. Regardless, neither bromate nor trihalomethane concentrations exceeded threshold concentrations of concern for discharge to marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob F King
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Aleksandra Szczuka
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - William A Mitch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
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Deng H. Ozonation mechanism of carbamazepine and ketoprofen in RO concentrate from municipal wastewater treatment: Kinetic regimes, removal efficiency and matrix effect. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137150. [PMID: 32062266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A relatively important disadvantage of reverse osmosis (RO) application to municipal wastewater reclamation is related to management of a concentrated waste stream containing high levels of organic contaminants. The present study investigated ozonation performance of RO concentrate from municipal wastewater treatment in a stirred semi-batch reactor. In this work, carbamazepine (CBZ, as a representative of ozone-reactive micropollutants) and ketoprofen (KET, one of ozone-resistant organic chemicals) were selected as target micropollutants. The absence of dissolved ozone within the first 60 min corresponding to initial ozone demand (IOD) complement suggested that chemical reactions took place quite fast, and ozone mass transfer was considered as a limiting step. A complete elimination of CBZ and an excellent removal of KET were observed in this period, indicating that molecular ozone was a dominated oxidant responsible for the decomposition of the target micropollutants in RO concentrate containing initial dissolved organic carbon (DOC0, ~50.8 mg L-1). >90% of ozone-reactive CBZ was eliminated at a low ozone dose of 0.33 g consumed ozone per g DOC0. More ozone dose requirement for an equivalent removal of KET was ascribed to its low ozone kinetic rate constant below 10 L mol-1 s-1. In addition, the presence of high contents of organic matters and alkalinity in RO concentrate exhibited pronounced effects on the degradation of KET because of a competition with oxidants. Overall, ozonation appeared to be a promising alternative for disposal of RO concentrate in terms of micropollutant removal. However, additional technologies should be followed to further enhance the degradation rate of organic matters for a zero liquid discharge treatment scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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Wang WL, Chen Z, Du Y, Zhang YL, Zhou TH, Wu QY, Hu HY. Elimination of isothiazolinone biocides in reverse osmosis concentrate by ozonation: A two-phase kinetics and a non-linear surrogate model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121898. [PMID: 31879104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of commercial Kathon biocide (methyl-isothiazolinone (MIT) and chloro-methyl-isothiazolinone (CMIT) mixture) by ozonation was investigated in real RO influent and concentrate. MIT and CMIT had different reactivities (second-order-rate-constants) with molecular ozone and OH. Ozonation of biocides followed an instantaneous phase (16.6 %-36.9 % contributions) and then a gradual phase (33.6 %-78.8 % contributions). Newly developed kinetics including both phases demonstrated that O3 oxidation contributed 25.6 %-39.8 % and <10 % of MIT and CMIT eliminations, respectively, and OH oxidation contributed 60.2 %-74.4 % and >90 % of MIT and CMIT eliminations, respectively. OH oxidation at the instantaneous phase accounted 15.7 %-37.9 % of total OH oxidation. Mass ratios of O3/DOC of 0.24 and 0.32 were needed for ∼80 % eliminations of MIT and CMIT in RO concentrate, respectively. The kinetics including both phases allowed a para-chlorobenzoic acid indicator model to predict MIT and CMIT elimination better than that including gradual ozonation only, with 58.9 %-96.0 % lower relative error. The attenuations of electron-donating-moiety indicated that O3 may preferentially react with chromophores through aromatic cleavage and electrophilic extraction, while •OH may non-selectively react with chromophores through predominant electrophilic addition. A surrogate model for biocide elimination by UVA254 loss was proposed to be nonlinear rather than linear, which reduced 31.8 %-71.3 % surrogating error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye Du
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Tian-Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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Pandiselvam R, Kaavya R, Jayanath Y, Veenuttranon K, Lueprasitsakul P, Divya V, Kothakota A, Ramesh S. Ozone as a novel emerging technology for the dissipation of pesticide residues in foods–a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Mangalgiri KP, Patton S, Wu L, Xu S, Ishida KP, Liu H. Optimizing Potable Water Reuse Systems: Chloramines or Hydrogen Peroxide for UV-Based Advanced Oxidation Process? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13323-13331. [PMID: 31635452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The tapping of municipal wastewater for potable reuse significantly enhances drinking water supply in drought-stricken regions worldwide. Membrane-based potable reuse treatment trains commonly employ ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) to degrade trace organic contaminants in water to produce high-quality recycled water. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used as the default photo-oxidant. Meanwhile, chloramines, which are added to prevent biofouling, pass through the membranes and impact the treatment efficiency of UV-AOP. Water reuse facilities therefore face the dilemma of optimizing H2O2 (an added photo-oxidant) and chloramines (a carry-over photo-oxidant) doses. Utilizing a uniquely designed pilot-scale reactor and real-time recycled water, we evaluated treatment efficiencies of UV-AOP on six important indicator contaminants, with monochloramine (NH2Cl) and H2O2 as photo-oxidants. Hydroxyl radical (HO•) and reactive chlorine species, such as the chlorine atom (Cl•) and chlorine dimer (Cl2•-), were the major reactive species. Overall, radicals generated from photolysis of NH2Cl alone achieved removal of indicator compounds, which can be further improved by optimizing UV fluence, i.e., the UV dose. Furthermore, the addition of H2O2 enhanced HO• formation and improved contaminant removal. However, the addition of H2O2, when the background NH2Cl level was above 2 mg L-1 (as Cl2), provided limited improvement in treatment efficiency. These trade-offs between chloramine and H2O2 as oxidants, and the recommended optimization of the associated effective UV fluence, are critical for energy-efficient and cost-effective potable reuse to address the challenges of global water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmayi P Mangalgiri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Samuel Patton
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
- Program of Environmental Toxicology , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
- Program of Environmental Toxicology , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Shanhui Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Kenneth P Ishida
- Research & Development Department , Orange County Water District , Fountain Valley , California 92708 , United States
| | - Haizhou Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
- Program of Environmental Toxicology , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
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Enhanced Degradation of Pharmaceutical Compounds by a Microbubble Ozonation Process: Effects of Temperature, pH, and Humic Acids. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12224373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the feasibility of the microbubble ozonation process to degrade the 17α-ethinylestradiol, ibuprofen, and atenolol through the comparison with the millibubble ozonation process for elucidating the degradation behavior and mechanisms during the microbubble ozonation processes. The proportions of small microbubbles (diameter 1–25 μm) were increased with increasing the cavity pump frequency (40 Hz: 51.4%; 50 Hz: 57.5%; 60 Hz: 59.9%). The increased concentrations of O3 and OH radicals due to the higher specific area of O3 microbubbles compared to O3 millibubbles could facilitate their mass transfer at the gas–water interface. Furthermore, the elevated reactivity of O3 by increasing the temperature might improve the degradation of the pharmaceutical compounds, which was more pronounced for the microbubble ozonated waters than the millibubble ozonated waters. Although the degradation efficiency of the pharmaceutical compounds during the microbubble ozonation processes was significantly influenced by the existence of humic acids compared to the millibubble ozonation process, the increased solubilization rate of O3 and OH radicals by collapsing O3 microbubbles enhanced the degradation of the pharmaceutical compounds. Overall, these results clearly showed that the microbubble ozonation process could be an alternative option to conventional ozonation processes for the abatement of the pharmaceutical compounds.
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Cheng S, Zhang X, Song W, Pan Y, Lambropoulou D, Zhong Y, Du Y, Nie J, Yang X. Photochemical oxidation of PPCPs using a combination of solar irradiation and free available chlorine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:629-638. [PMID: 31129545 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) by using solar photolysis in the presence of free available chlorine (FAC) was investigated in simulated drinking water. The combination of free available chlorine and sunlight irradiation dramatically accelerated the degradation of all the contaminants tested through the generation of hydroxyl radicals, reactive chlorine species (RCS) and ozone. Contaminants containing electron-donating moieties degraded quickly and were preferentially degraded by RCS and/or HO oxidation. Primidone, ibuprofen and atrazine, which contain electron-withdrawing moieties, were mainly degraded by HO. Trace amounts of O3 contributed greatly to carbamazepine's degradation. Degradation of PPCPs was accelerated in oxygenated solutions. Increasing chlorine concentrations barely enhanced removal of PPCPs bearing electron-withdrawing moieties. Higher pH generally decreased the degradation rate constants along with reduced levels of HO and Cl, but diclofenac, gemfibrozil, caffeine and carbamazepine had peak degradation rate constants at pH 7-8. The cytotoxicity using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell did not show significant enhancement in solar/FAC treated water. Combining chlorination with sunlight may provide a simple and energy-efficient approach for improving the removal of organic contaminants during water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yanheng Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Τhessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Yu Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ye Du
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianxin Nie
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Ra J, Yoom H, Son H, Hwang TM, Lee Y. Transformation of an Amine Moiety of Atenolol during Water Treatment with Chlorine/UV: Reaction Kinetics, Products, and Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7653-7662. [PMID: 31244072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of atenolol (ATN), a micropollutant containing a secondary (2°) amine moiety, can be significantly enhanced in water treatment with sequential and combined use of chlorine and UV (chlorine/UV) through photolysis of the N-Cl bond. This study investigated the transformation kinetics, products, and mechanisms of the amine moiety of ATN in chlorine/UV (254 nm). The fluence-based, photolysis rate constant for N-Cl ATN was 2.0 × 10-3 cm2/mJ. Transformation products (TPs) with primary (1°) amines were mainly produced, but TPs with 2° and 3° amines were also formed, on the basis of liquid chromatography (LC)/quadrupole-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry and LC/UV analyses. The amine-containing TPs could be further transformed in chlorine/UV (with residual chlorine in post UV) via formation and photolysis of new N-Cl bonds. Photolysis of N-Cl 1° amine TPs produced ammonia as a major product. These data could be explained by a reaction mechanism in which the N-Cl bond was cleaved by UV, forming aminyl radicals that were transformed via 1,2-hydrogen shift, β-scission, intramolecular addition, and 1,2-alkyl shift. Among these, the 1,2-alkyl shift is newly discovered in this study. Despite enhanced transformation, only partial mineralization of the ATN's amine moiety was expected, even under chlorine/UV advanced oxidation process conditions. Overall, the kinetic and mechanistic information from this study can be useful for predicting the transformation of amine moieties by chlorine/UV water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Ra
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonsik Yoom
- Busan Water Quality Institute , Gimhae , Gyeongsangnam 621-813 , Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Son
- Busan Water Quality Institute , Gimhae , Gyeongsangnam 621-813 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Mun Hwang
- Water Resources and Environmental Research Division , Korea Institute of Construction Technology , 2311, Goyang , Gyeonggi 411-712 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
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Removal of Organic Micropollutants from a Municipal Wastewater Secondary Effluent by UVA-LED Photocatalytic Ozonation. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been found in different water bodies. Directive 2013/39/EU and Decision 2018/840/EU are consequently being implemented in the field of water policies. Twelve CECs (e.g., isoproturon, ciprofloxacin, and clarithromycin are among those listed) were detected in a municipal wastewater secondary effluent by means of solid phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS). Different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), based on the combination of ozone, UVA-LED and powdered TiO2, were investigated for their removal in a semi-batch operation. In addition, TiO2-coated glass rings (P25R) were characterized with different techniques (SEM, WDXRF) and used for continuous mode operation in a packed bed reactor (PBR). Among the AOPs studied, ozone-based processes were found to be more efficient than heterogeneous photocatalysis. A kinetic study was performed showing that direct ozonation is the main oxidation pathway for CEC removal. Ozone was successfully decomposed in combination with UVA-LED and P25R, resulting in an apparent rate constant of 3.2 × 10−2 s−1 higher than in the O3/LED system (1.0 × 10−3 s−1) or with ozone alone (8.6 × 10−5 s−1). Hydroxyl radical reaction could prevail over direct ozone reaction for the most refractory compounds (e.g., isoproturon).
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