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Stere CE, Delarmelina M, Dlamini MW, Chansai S, Davies PR, Hutchings GJ, Catlow CRA, Hardacre C. Removal and Oxidation of Low Concentration tert-Butanol from Potable Water using Nonthermal Plasma Coupled with Metal Oxide Adsorption. ACS ES&T ENGINEERING 2024; 4:2121-2134. [PMID: 39296421 PMCID: PMC11406536 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.4c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Taste and odor are crucial factors in evaluating the quality of drinking water for consumers. Geosmin is an example of a pollutant commonly found in potable water responsible for earthy and musty taste, and odor even at low concentrations. We have investigated the use of a hybrid two-step adsorption-mineralization process for low-level volatile organic compounds removal from potable water using dielectric barrier discharge over common metal oxides (MO). The system proposed is a proof of principle with tert-butanol (TBA) used as a model compound for geosmin removal/degradation during wastewater treatment when combined with an appropriate metal oxide adsorbent. Initial assessments of the adsorption properties of titania by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental tests indicated that the adsorption of geosmin and TBA with water present results in only weak interactions between the sorbate and the metal oxide. In contrast, the DFT results show that alumina could be a suitable adsorbent for these tertiary alcohols and were reinforced by experimental studies. We find that while there is a competitive effect between the water and TBA adsorption from gaseous/liquid feed, the VOC can be removed, and the alumina will be regenerated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The use of alumina in conjunction with NTP leads to efficient degradation of the adsorbate and the formation of oxygenated intermediates (formates, carbonates, and carboxylate-type species), which could then be mineralized for the regeneration of the adsorbent. A reaction mechanism has been proposed based on the in-situ infrared measurements and DFT calculations, while the removal of TBA with conventional heating is indicative of a gradual desorption process as a function of temperature rather than the destruction of the adsorbate. Furthermore, steady performance was observed after several adsorption-regeneration cycles, indicating no alteration of the adsorption properties of alumina during the NTP treatment and demonstrating the potential of the approach to be applied in the treatment of high throughput of water, without the challenges faced by the biocatalysts or formation of toxic byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E Stere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Maicon Delarmelina
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Mbongiseni W Dlamini
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Sarayute Chansai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Philip R Davies
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Graham J Hutchings
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - C Richard A Catlow
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1 HOAJ, U.K
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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Hübner U, Spahr S, Lutze H, Wieland A, Rüting S, Gernjak W, Wenk J. Advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment - Guidance for systematic future research. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30402. [PMID: 38726145 PMCID: PMC11079112 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a growing research field with a large variety of different process variants and materials being tested at laboratory scale. However, despite extensive research in recent years and decades, many variants have not been transitioned to pilot- and full-scale operation. One major concern are the inconsistent experimental approaches applied across different studies that impede identification, comparison, and upscaling of the most promising AOPs. The aim of this tutorial review is to streamline future studies on the development of new solutions and materials for advanced oxidation by providing guidance for comparable and scalable oxidation experiments. We discuss recent developments in catalytic, ozone-based, radiation-driven, and other AOPs, and outline future perspectives and research needs. Since standardized experimental procedures are not available for most AOPs, we propose basic rules and key parameters for lab-scale evaluation of new AOPs including selection of suitable probe compounds and scavengers for the measurement of (major) reactive species. A two-phase approach to assess new AOP concepts is proposed, consisting of (i) basic research and proof-of-concept (technology readiness levels (TRL) 1-3), followed by (ii) process development in the intended water matrix including a cost comparison with an established process, applying comparable and scalable parameters such as UV fluence or ozone consumption (TRL 3-5). Subsequent demonstration of the new process (TRL 6-7) is briefly discussed, too. Finally, we highlight important research tools for a thorough mechanistic process evaluation and risk assessment including screening for transformation products that should be based on chemical logic and combined with complementary tools (mass balance, chemical calculations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Hübner
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Xylem Services GmbH, Boschstraße 4-14, 32051, Herford, Germany
| | - Stephanie Spahr
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Lutze
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute IWAR, Chair of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Arne Wieland
- Xylem Services GmbH, Boschstraße 4-14, 32051, Herford, Germany
| | - Steffen Rüting
- Xylem Services GmbH, Boschstraße 4-14, 32051, Herford, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gernjak
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003, Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jannis Wenk
- University of Bath, Department of Chemical Engineering and Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC@Bath), Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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Koley S, Dash S, Khwairakpam M, Kalamdhad AS. Perspectives and understanding on the occurrence, toxicity and abatement technologies of disinfection by-products in drinking water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119770. [PMID: 38096765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are one of the significant emerging contaminants that have caught the attention of researchers worldwide due to their pervasiveness. Their presence in drinking water, even in shallow concentrations (in levels of parts per billion), poses considerable health risks. Therefore, it is crucial to understand their kinetics to understand better their formation and persistence in the water supply systems. This manuscript demonstrates different aspects of research carried out on DBPs in the past. A systematic approach was adopted for the bibliographical research that started with choosing appropriate keywords and identifying the most relevant manuscripts through the screening process. This follows a quantitative assessment of the extracted literature sample, which included the most productive and influential journal sources, the most widely used keywords, the most influential authors active in the research domain, the most cited articles, and the countries most actively engaged in the research field. Critical observations on the literature sample led to the qualitative assessment, wherein the past and current research trends were observed and reported. Finally, we identified the essential gaps in the available literature, which further led to recommending the course ahead in the research domain. This study will prove fruitful for young and established researchers who are or wish to work in this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumona Koley
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Siddhant Dash
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Meena Khwairakpam
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India; School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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Li B, Wang P, Cheng X, Zou R, Su Y, Zhang Y. Selective and nonselective removal of hydrophobic compounds by coupling engineered FeOCl in a cathode-anode synergistic electrochemical platform. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132148. [PMID: 37506646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and selective removal of water pollutants remains a critical challenge. Here, we addressed this challenge by ingeniously engineering FeOCl via polyaniline intercalation and dodecyl group modification (FeOCl-P-S) to improve its activity and selectivity for the in situ removal of hydrophobic phenolic compounds. We further encapsulated the catalyst inside commercial cheap corundum balls and developed a "millimeter-scale reactor", which maintained a high efficiency of 86.02% after ten cycles with negligible physical changes. Moreover, we established the synergy between anodic (generating H+, O2, and IrO3) and cathodic reactions (utilizing H+ and O2) for H2O2 generation and direct anodic oxidation, an unexplored process, in a vertical bidirectional gas diffusion electrochemical system (VB-GDE). By combining the "reactor" and VB-GDE, we constructed a new platform for selective and nonselective continuous pollutant oxidation in a self-sustaining acidic environment with minimal chemical residues. This work presents a promising electrochemical technology for the efficient and selective removal of water pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Cheng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Rusen Zou
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yanyan Su
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Bjerregaardsvej 5, Valby 2500, Denmark
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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Zhao X, Chen C, Chen H, Guo Y, Zhang X, Li M, Cao L, Wang Y, Gong T, Che L, Yang G, Xian Q. Evolutions of dissolved organic matter and disinfection by-products formation in source water during UV-LED (275 nm)/chlorine process. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120284. [PMID: 37441900 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) is a promising option for the traditional low-pressure UV lamp, but the evolutions of DOM composition, the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and their toxicity need further study in raw water during UV-LED/chlorine process. In UV-LED (275 nm)/chlorine process, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) analysis on synchronous fluorescence and UV-vis spectra indicated the protein-like fractions responded faster than the humic-like components, the reactive sequence of peaks for DOM followed the order: 340 nm→240 nm→410 nm→205 nm→290 nm. Compared to chlorination for 30 mins, the UV-LED/chlorine process enhanced the degradation efficiency of three fluorescent components (humic-like, tryptophan-like, tyrosine-like) by 5.1%-46.1%, and the formation of carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs) significantly reduced by 43.8% while the formation of nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) increased by 27.3%. The concentrations of C-DBPs increased by 17.8% whereas that of N-DBPs reduced by 30.4% in 24 h post-chlorination. The concentrations of brominated DBPs increased by 17.2% during UV-LED/chlorine process, and further increased by 18.5% in 24 h post-chlorination. According to the results of principal component analysis, the non-fluorescent components of DOM might be important precursors in the formation of haloketones, haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes during UV-LED/chlorine process. Unlike chlorine treatment, the reaction of DOM in UV-LED/chlorine treatment generated fewer unknown DBPs. Compared with chlorination, the cytotoxicity of C-DBPs reduced but the cytotoxicity of both N-DBPs and Br-DBPs increased during UV-LED/chlorine process. Dichloroacetonitrile had the highest cytotoxicity, followed by monobromoacetic acid, bromochloroacetonitrile and trichloroacetic acid during 30 mins of UV-LED/chlorine process. Therefore, besides N-DBPs, the more toxic Br-DBPs formation in bromide-containing water is also not negligible in the practical applications of UV-LED (275 nm)/chlorine process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiating Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xueqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lei Che
- Zhejiang Eco Environmental Technology Co. LTD, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province 313000, China
| | - Guoying Yang
- Zhejiang Eco Environmental Technology Co. LTD, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province 313000, China
| | - Qiming Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Siddique MS, Lu H, Xiong X, Fareed H, Graham N, Yu W. Exploring impacts of water-extractable organic matter on pre-ozonation followed by nanofiltration process: Insights from pH variations on DBPs formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162695. [PMID: 36898544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of pH (4-10) on the treatment of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM), and the associated disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation potential (FP), during the pre-ozonation/nanofiltration treatment process. At alkaline pH (9-10), a rapid decline in water flux (> 50 %) and higher membrane rejection was observed, as a consequence of the increased electrostatic repulsion forces between the membrane surface and organic species. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) provides detailed insights into the WEOM compositional behavior at different pH levels. Ozonation at higher pH significantly reduced the apparent molecular weight (MW) of WEOM in the 4000-7000 Da range by transforming the large MW (humic-like) substances into small hydrophilic fractions. Fluorescence components C1 (humic-like) and C2 (fulvic-like) exhibited a predominant increase/decrease in concentration for all pH conditions during pre-ozonation and nanofiltration treatment process, however, the C3 (protein-like) component was found highly associated with the reversible and irreversible membrane foulants. The ratio C1/C2 provided a strong correlation with the formation of total trihalomethanes (THMs) (R2 = 0.9277) and total haloacetic acids (HAAs) (R2 = 0.5796). The formation potential of THMs increased, and HAAs decreased, with the increase of feed water pH. Ozonation markedly reduced the formation of THMs by up to 40 % at higher pH levels, but increased the formation of brominated-HAAs by shifting the formation potential of DBPs towards brominated precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saboor Siddique
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Lu
- Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Hasan Fareed
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China.
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Bein E, Seiwert B, Reemtsma T, Drewes JE, Hübner U. Advanced oxidation processes for removal of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon from water: Effects of O 3/H 2O 2 and UV/H 2O 2 treatment on product formation and biological post-treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 450:131066. [PMID: 36857831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Several oxidative treatment technologies, such as ozonation or Fenton reaction, have been studied and applied to remove monocyclic hydroaromatic carbon from water. Despite decades of application, little seems to be known about formation of transformation products while employing different ozone- or ∙OH-based treatment methods and their fate in biodegradation. In this study, we demonstrate that O3/H2O2 treatment of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene (BTE), and benzoic acid (BA) leads to less hydroxylated aromatic transformation products compared to UV/H2O2 as reference system - this at a similar ∙OH exposure and parent compound removal efficiency. Aerobic biodegradation tests after oxidation of 0.15 mM BA (12.6 mg C L-1 theoretical DOC) revealed that a less biodegradable DOC fraction > 4 mg C L-1 was formed in both oxidative treatments compared to the BA control. No advantage of ozonation over UV/H2O2 treatment was observed in terms of mineralization capabilities, however, we detected less transformation products after oxidation and biodegradation using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Biodegradation of BA that was not oxidized was more complete with minimal organic residual. Overall, the study provides new insights into the oxidation of monocyclic aromatics and raises questions regarding the biodegradability of oxidation products, which is relevant for several treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Bein
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Bettina Seiwert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, Garching 85748, Germany.
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Sun W, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Ke Y, Wang X, Wu J. Fate of Naturally Dissolved Organic Matter and Synthetic Organic Compounds Subjected to Drinking Water Treatment Using Membrane, Activated Carbon, and UV/H 2O 2 Technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5558-5568. [PMID: 36951375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutants are toxic and are present in drinking water. The conventional processes of most water plants can basically meet the discharge standard. However, based on the improvement of the objective of organic pollutants control and the constant change of water characteristics, the results may not be ideal. This study evaluates the effectiveness of different treatments such as microfiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, activated carbon, and ultraviolet irradiation/H2O2 in terms of the removal of organic pollutants. Among the DOM results, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and activated carbon showed optimal performance due to the characteristics of processes and the compound properties. However, the risks of low-molecular-weight organic residue and byproduct formation are still present. Thirty-nine species of synthetic organic compounds (SOC) were qualitatively and semiquantitatively analyzed. Different technologies showed varying removal capabilities for SOC based on their properties and many substances coexisted leading to abnormal removal performances. These residual organics showed the characteristics of lower molecular weight, more hydrophilicity, further unknown impacts, and with risk of DBPs. Based on the above insights, possible methods can be rationally chosen for on-demand decontamination of organics in unconfined aquatic environment and long-time impact on water characteristics and human health also should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yuanna Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zedong Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanchu Ke
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuelin Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Bae JY, Lee DY, Oh KY, Jeong DK, Lee DY, Kim JH. Photochemical advanced oxidative process treatment effect on the pesticide residues reduction and quality changes in dried red peppers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4444. [PMID: 36932134 PMCID: PMC10023666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residues in crops are widely monitored, and the residue reduction techniques at the post-harvest stage are important to maintain food safety. In dried crops, pesticide residues can be concentrated after dehydration, which increases concerns regarding residue risk. Therefore, the residue reduction effects of ultraviolet (UV), ozone, and photochemical advanced oxidative process (pAOP) were investigated for dried peppers at the post-harvest stage. UV254 treatment reduced 59.7% of the residue concentration on average, while UV360 showed a reduction of only 13.3% under 9.6 W m-2 of UV exposure for 24 h. Gaseous ozone treatments reduced the residue concentrations up to 57.9% on average. In contrast, the pAOP treatment reduced the concentration up to 97% and was superior to UV or ozone treatment alone. Increased drying temperature under pAOP condition resulted in higher reduction ratios at 40-80 °C. The pAOP conditions with 12 and 24 µmol/mol of ozone and UV254 irradiation for 24-48 h reduced the residue concentrations to 39-67%. Particularly, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam residue concentrations were drastically reduced by over 50% under 12 µmol/mol ozone of the pAOP condition, while carbendazim, fluquinconazole, and pyrimethanil were relatively stable and their concentrations reduced below 50% under 24 µmol/mol ozone of the pAOP treatment. Various drying-related quality parameters of drying peppers such as water-soluble color, capsanthin, capsaicinoids, acid value, peroxide value, and thiobarbituric acid value were slightly altered, but not significantly, under 12 µmol/mol ozone of the pAOP condition, while the peroxide value was significantly altered under the higher ozone conditions. Therefore, pAOP treatment combined with gaseous ozone can be used for reducing residual pesticides in peppers without greatly reducing quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Bae
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Deuk-Yeong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yeol Oh
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Anti-Aging Research Group, Gyeongnam Oriental Anti-Aging Institute, Sancheong, 52215, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Anti-Aging Research Group, Gyeongnam Oriental Anti-Aging Institute, Sancheong, 52215, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyo Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
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Li J, Song Y, Jiang J, Yang T, Cao Y. Oxidative treatment of NOM by selective oxidants in drinking water treatment and its impact on DBP formation in postchlorination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159908. [PMID: 36336058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM), as a ubiquitous component in aqueous environments, has raised continuous scientific concerns due to its role as an organic precursor to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the subsequent chlorination process. Selective oxidants, including ozone (O3), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), permanganate (Mn(VII)), and ferrate (Fe(VI)) are widely used in the preoxidation stage in drinking water treatment. The selective reactivity of those oxidants toward NOM is expected to alternate NOM properties and consequently DBP formation in postchlorination. Despite extensive studies on the interactions of NOM with selective oxidants, there is currently a lack of an overview of this area. To fill this gap, this study presents the current knowledge of the modification of NOM properties by selective oxidants and its impact on DBP formation in postchlorination. The NOM property changes in three aspects, including bulk property (e.g., total organic carbon, ultraviolet absorbance), fractional constituent (e.g., molecular size, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity), and elemental composition (e.g., functional group) by the four selective oxidants (i.e., O3, ClO2, Mn(VII), and Fe(VI)) were discussed. Thereafter, the impacts of alteration of NOM properties by those selective oxidants on DBP formation in the subsequent chlorination were summarized, wherein the key influencing factors were discussed. Finally, the future perspectives in this area were forwarded, which highlighted the significance of process optimization, the attention to the less studied but more toxic DBPs, and the need for the identification of unknown DBPs. This review presented a state-of-the-art knowledge pool of the fate of NOM in oxidation and chlorination processes, promoted our understanding of the relationship between NOM properties and DBP formation, and identified further research needs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhu Hai 519087, China.
| | - Yang Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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11
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Anderson LE, DeMont I, Dunnington DD, Bjorndahl P, Redden DJ, Brophy MJ, Gagnon GA. A review of long-term change in surface water natural organic matter concentration in the northern hemisphere and the implications for drinking water treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159699. [PMID: 36306839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reduced atmospheric acid deposition has given rise to recovery from acidification - defined as increasing pH, acid neutralization capacity (ANC), or alkalinity in surface waters. Strong evidence of recovery has been reported across North America and Europe, driving chemical responses. The primary chemical responses identified in this review were increasing concentration and changing character of natural organic matter (NOM) towards predominantly hydrophobic nature. The concentration of NOM also influenced trace metal cycling as many browning surface waters also reported increases in Fe and Al. Further, climate change and other factors (e.g., changing land use) act in concert with reductions in atmospheric deposition to contribute to widespread browning and will have a more pronounced effect as deposition stabilizes. The observed water quality trends have presented challenges for drinking water treatment (e.g., increased chemical dosing, poor filter operations, formation of disinfection by-products) and many facilities may be under designed as a result. This comprehensive review has identified key research areas to be addressed, including 1) a need for comprehensive monitoring programs (e.g., larger timescales; consistency in measurements) to assess climate change impacts on recovery responses and NOM dynamics, and 2) a better understanding of drinking water treatment vulnerabilities and the transition towards robust treatment technologies and solutions that can adapt to climate change and other drivers of changing water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Anderson
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Isobel DeMont
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Dewey D Dunnington
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Paul Bjorndahl
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Dave J Redden
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Graham A Gagnon
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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12
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Jennings EK, Sierra Olea M, Kaesler JM, Hübner U, Reemtsma T, Lechtenfeld OJ. Stable isotope labeling for detection of ozonation byproducts in effluent organic matter with FT-ICR-MS. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119477. [PMID: 36528925 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite effluent organic matter (EfOM) being a major consumer of ozone during wastewater treatment, little is known about ozonation byproducts (OBPs) produced from EfOM. To unambiguously identify OBPs, heavy ozone was used to ozonate EfOM, resulting in 18O labeled and unlabeled OBPs. Labeled OBPs mostly represent a single 18O transfer and were classified as either direct or indirect OBPs based on the 18O/16O intensity ratios of the isotopologues. Of the 929 labeled OBPs, 84 were unequivocally classified as direct OBPs. The remainder suggest a major contribution by indirect, hydroxyl radical induced formation of OBPs in EfOM. Overall, labelled OBPs possess a low degree of unsaturation and contributed most to OBP peak intensity - marking them as potential end products. A few direct and indirect OBPs with high peak intensity containing 18O and heteroatoms (N, S) were fragmented with CID FT-ICR-MS/MS and screened for indicative neutral losses carrying heavy oxygen. The neutral loss screening was used to detect the 18O location on the OBP and indicate the original functional group in EfOM based on known reaction mechanisms. We identified sulfoxide and sulfonic acid functional groups in selected OBPs - implying the presence of reduced sulfur in EfOM molecules - while no evidence for nitrogen containing functional groups reacting with ozone was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine K Jennings
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Millaray Sierra Olea
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich-TUM, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jan Michael Kaesler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich-TUM, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; ProVIS-Centre for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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13
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Li J, Zhang Z, Xiang Y, Jiang J, Yin R. Role of UV-based advanced oxidation processes on NOM alteration and DBP formation in drinking water treatment: A state-of-the-art review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136870. [PMID: 36252895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative treatment of drinking water has been practiced for more than a century. UV-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) have emerged as promising oxidative treatment technologies to eliminate recalcitrant chemicals and biological contaminants in drinking water. UV-AOPs inevitably alter the properties of natural organic matter (NOM) and affect the disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation in the post-disinfection. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review on the effects of UV-AOPs on the changes of NOM properties and the consequent impacts on DBP formation in the post-chlorination process. A tutorial review to the connotations of NOM properties (e.g., bulk properties, fractional constituents, and molecular structures) and the associated state-of-the-art analytical methods are firstly presented. The impacts of different radical-based AOPs on the changes of NOM properties together with the underlying NOM-radical reaction mechanisms are discussed. The impacts of alteration of NOM properties on DBP formation in the post-chlorination process are then reviewed. The current knowledge gaps and future research needs are finally presented, with emphases on the needs to strengthen the comparability of research data in literature, the accuracy in quantifying the reactive moieties of NOM, and the awareness of unknown DBPs in oxidative water treatment processes. The review and discussion improve the fundamental understanding of NOM-radical and NOM-chlorine chemistry. They also provide useful implications on the engineering design and operation of next-generation drinking water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhu Hai 519087, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999066, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yingying Xiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999066, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999066, Hong Kong, PR China.
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14
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Saravanan A, Deivayanai VC, Kumar PS, Rangasamy G, Hemavathy RV, Harshana T, Gayathri N, Alagumalai K. A detailed review on advanced oxidation process in treatment of wastewater: Mechanism, challenges and future outlook. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136524. [PMID: 36165838 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of several contaminants in waterbodies raises global pollution and creates major risks to mankind, wildlife, as well as other living organisms. Development of an effective, feasible, cost-effective and eco-friendly approach for treating wastewater that is discharged from various industries is important for bringing down the deposition of contaminants into environment. Advanced oxidation process is an efficient technique for treating wastewater owing to its advantages such as high oxidation efficacy and does not produce any secondary pollutants. Advanced oxidation process can be performed through various methods such as ozone, Fenton, electrochemical, photolysis, sonolysis, etc. These methods have been widely utilized for degradation of emerging pollutants that cannot be destroyed using conventional approaches. This review focuses on wastewater treatment using advanced oxidation process. A brief discussion on mechanism involved is provided. In addition, various types of advanced oxidation process and their mechanism are explained in detail. Challenges faced during wastewater treatment process using oxidation, electrochemical, Fenton, photocatalysis and sonolysis are discussed elaborately. Advanced oxidation process can be viewed as potential approach for treating wastewater with certain modifications and solving challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
| | - V C Deivayanai
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - R V Hemavathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - T Harshana
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - N Gayathri
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
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15
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Li C, Sun W, Lu Z, Ao X, Li S, Wang Z, Qi F, Ismailova O. Contribution of filtration and photocatalysis to DOM removal and fouling mechanism during in-situ UV-LED photocatalytic ceramic membrane process. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119298. [PMID: 36327584 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of ceramic membranes and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) has advanced the application of photocatalytic membrane for water treatment. We systematically evaluated the contribution of filtration and photocatalysis to dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal and fouling mechanism during in-situ UV-LED photocatalytic ceramic membrane filtration. The results showed that physical rejection primarily led to removal of 4-15 kDa molecules and photocatalysis further increased the removal of 1-4 kDa molecules, causing small sized microbial humic-like or protein-like materials in the permeate. In-situ UV-LED photocatalysis had an excellent effect on membrane fouling mitigation regardless of DOM sources. The dominant fouling mechanism changed from partial blockage to gel layer formation with increasing Ca2+ concentration but did not change with UV treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that the removal of 1-4 kDa molecules contributed to the mitigation of both reversible and irreversible fouling resistance, and the small molecules were the major cause of irreversible fouling resistance. Removal of 1-4 kDa terrestrial humic acid-like contributed to the pore blockage mechanism for synthetic water. Removal of 4-15 kDa protein-like materials was closely correlated to the pore blockage mechanism for real water. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) formation potential (FP) were both significantly reduced after photocatalytic ceramic membrane process, but precursors of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) with high toxicity were not removed by filtration or by photocatalysis, which deserves attention. Membrane rejection made higher contribution to better DBPFP control than photocatalysis. This study provides novel insights into the impact of UV-LED on DOM removal, DBPFP control and fouling mitigation, promoting the development of photocatalytic ceramic membrane filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, China.
| | - Zedong Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiuwei Ao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Simiao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing General Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing China
| | - Zhenbei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Oksana Ismailova
- Uzbekistan-Japan Innovation Center of Youth, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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16
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Dos Santos NDO, Teixeira LA, Zhou Q, Burke G, C Campos L. Fenton pre-oxidation of natural organic matter in drinking water treatment through the application of iron nails. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:2590-2603. [PMID: 33577403 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1890838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated for the first time the efficiency of an advanced oxidation process (AOP) zero valent iron/hydrogen peroxide (ZVI/H2O2) employing iron nails for the removal of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) from natural water of Regent's Park lake, London, UK. The low cost of nails and their easy separation from the water after the treatment make this AOP attractive for water utilities in low- and middle-income countries. The process was investigated as a pre-oxidation step for drinking water treatment. Results showed that UV254 removal in the natural water was lower than that of simulated water containing commercial humic acid (HA), indicating a matrix effect. Statistical analysis confirmed the maximum removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in natural water depends on the initial pH (best at 4.5) and H2O2 dosage (best at 100% excess of stoichiometric dosage). DOC and UV254 removals under this operational condition were 51% and 89%, respectively. Molecular weight (MW) and specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) were significantly reduced to 74% and 78%, respectively. Formation of Chloroform THM in natural water sample after the ZVI/H2O2 process (initial pH 4.5) was below the limit for drinking water, and 48% less than the THM formation in the same water not subjected to pre-oxidation. Characterization of oxidation products on the iron-nail-ZVI surface after the ZVI/H2O2 treatment by SEM, XRD, and XPS identified the formation of magnetite and lepidocrocite. Results suggest that the investigated ZVI/H2O2 process is a promising technology for removing NOM and reducing THM formation during drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara de O Dos Santos
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luiz A Teixeira
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Peroxidos do Brasil Ltda - Solvay Group
| | - Qizhi Zhou
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Grace Burke
- Materials Performance Centre, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Luiza C Campos
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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17
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Ma X, Wang L, Wang H, Deng J, Song Y, Li Q, Li X, Dietrich AM. Insights into metal-organic frameworks HKUST-1 adsorption performance for natural organic matter removal from aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:126918. [PMID: 34775305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) has rich halogenation reactive sites, therefore acts as the main precursor of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in the chlorine disinfection process during drinking water treatment. In this research, high-quality metal-organic framework HKUST-1 is rapidly synthesized by a solvothermal method, and we are the first to report adsorption of aqueous humic acid (HA), representing NOM, and its adsorption behavior, influencing factors, and recycling capability. The crystalline HKUST-1 possessed a microporous framework with a high 1385 m2/g specific surface area, and three-dimensional structure as characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM). 99% removal of 5 mg/L HA was observed at pH 5.8, room temperature, and 0.6 g/L HKUST-1. The maximum capacity was 14.42 mg HA/g HKUST-1 at room temperature. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm, quasi-second-order kinetic model, and thermodynamic parameters accurately describe the spontaneous and disorderly endothermic adsorption of HA by HKUST-1. The desorption regeneration process was accomplished by washing HKUST-1 with NaOH and calcination; it showed that HKUST-1 was viable in three regeneration cycles. The mechanism of HA adsorption by HKUST-1 is electrostatic and synergistic interaction between π-π bonding, and hydrogen bonding. HKUST-1 is a potential treatment strategy to remove NOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ma
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yali Song
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Andrea M Dietrich
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blackburg, VA 24061, USA
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18
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Wang X, Tang B, Bao L, Zhang H, He M, Yuan S. Degradation evaluation of acrylamide in advanced oxidation processes based on theoretical method: Mechanisms, kinetics, toxicity evaluation and the role of soil particles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127592. [PMID: 34736216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is now recognized as an imminent hazardous chemical in the aqueous environment, causing a potential threat to human health. As a neo-formed contaminant (NFC), the degradation measure of AA is largely lacking. In this work, we used quantum chemistry and experimental methods to identify the main degradation mechanism of AA in the UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process (AOP) for the first time. Radical addition reactions dominate the •OH-initiated AA reaction, resulting in few toxic nitrosamines formation. The interaction between AA and the surface model of soil particles (SixOy(OH)z) is weak, and AA can rapidly migrate down to groundwater via seepage. However, the total rate constants of AA and COMADS2-AA with •OH are 2.75 × 109 and 2.09 × 109 M-1 s-1, and the removal of AA from aqueous and heterogeneous systems reaches 62.30% and 62.05% within 2 h. Whether in the aqueous-phase or on the surface of soil particles, •OH initiated AA reaction is an efficient way to remove AA. Furthermore, the toxicity of the main by-products of AA show less harmful to three aquatic organisms and rats than AA. UV/H2O2 AOP is evaluated as an efficient method to degrade AA while decreasing harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Wang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lei Bao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shiling Yuan
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Jennings E, Kremser A, Han L, Reemtsma T, Lechtenfeld OJ. Discovery of Polar Ozonation Byproducts via Direct Injection of Effluent Organic Matter with Online LC-FT-ICR-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1894-1904. [PMID: 35007417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effluent organic matter (EfOM), a major ozone consumer during wastewater ozonation, is a complex mixture of natural and anthropogenic organic molecules. Ozonation of EfOM adds to molecular complexity by introducing polar and potentially mobile ozonation byproducts (OBPs). Currently, nontargeted direct infusion (DI) ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (e.g. FT-ICR-MS) is used to study OBPs but requires sample extraction, limiting the accessible polarity range of OBPs. To better understand the impact of ozonation on EfOM and the formation of polar OBPs, nonextracted effluent was analyzed by direct injection onto a reversed-phase liquid chromatography system (RP-LC) online hyphenated with an FT-ICR-MS. Over four times more OBPs were detected in nonextracted EfOM compared to effluent extracted with solid phase extraction and measured with DI-FT-ICR-MS (13817 vs 3075). Over 1500 highly oxygenated OBPs were detected exclusively in early eluting fractions of nonextracted EfOM, indicating polar OBPs. Oxygenation of these newly discovered OBPs is higher than previously found, with an average molecular DBE-O value of -3.3 and O/C ratio of 0.84 in the earliest eluting OBP fractions. These polar OBPs are consistently lost during extraction but may play an important role in understanding the environmental impact of ozonated EfOM. Moreover, 316 molecular formulas classified as nonreactive to ozone in DI-FT-ICR-MS can be identified with LC-FT-ICR-MS as isomers with varying degrees of reactivity, providing for the first time experimental evidence of differential reactivity of complex organic matter isomers with ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Jennings
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arina Kremser
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Limei Han
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- ProVIS-Centre for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Effect of Radio-Frequency Treatment on the Changes of Dissolved Organic Matter in Rainwater. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rainwater is a potential source of drinking water, but has various components of dissolved organic matter (DOM). DOM is a reservoir of potential hazards in drinking water. Therefore, a new method is required to purify rainwater as a drinking water source in terms of DOM aspects. A radio-frequency (RF) treatment system is introduced here to purify source water with a small possibility of contamination. RF is generated by applying a frequency of 1.5 MHz through a glass reactor with a diameter of 2 mm which is wrapped by a 2 mm copper wire. The results demonstrate that UV260 value and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are reduced during RF treatment. DOC was reduced by a lower amount compared to UV260, suggesting the partial transformation of bio-refractory DOM. A fluorescence excitation-emission matrix showed that humic-like substances in rainwater were reduced faster than protein-like ones, indicating that humic-like substances are susceptible to reduction by RF treatment. The results offer information on the use of RF treatment in a rainwater purification process for the production of drinking water.
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Pivokonsky M, Kopecka I, Cermakova L, Fialova K, Novotna K, Cajthaml T, Henderson RK, Pivokonska L. Current knowledge in the field of algal organic matter adsorption onto activated carbon in drinking water treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149455. [PMID: 34364285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of algal and cyanobacterial blooms and the related formation of algal organic matter (AOM) is a worldwide issue that endangers the quality of freshwater sources and affects water treatment processes. The associated problems involve the production of toxins or taste and odor compounds, increasing coagulant demand, inhibition of removal of other polluting compounds, and in many cases, AOM acts as a precursor of disinfection by-products. Previous research has shown that for sufficient AOM removal, the conventional drinking water treatment based on coagulation/flocculation must be often accompanied by additional polishing technologies such as adsorption onto activated carbon (AC). This state-of-the-art review is intended to serve as a summary of the most current research on the adsorption of AOM onto AC concerning drinking water treatment. It summarizes emerging trends in this field with an emphasis on the type of AOM compounds removed and on the adsorption mechanisms and influencing factors involved. Additionally, also the principles of competitive adsorption of AOM and other organic pollutants are elaborated. Further, this paper also synthesizes previous knowledge on combining AC adsorption with other treatment techniques for enhanced AOM removal in order to provide a practical resource for researchers, water treatment plant operators and engineers. Finally, research gaps regarding the AOM adsorption onto AC are identified, including, e.g., adsorption of AOM residuals recalcitrant to coagulation/flocculation, suitability of pre-oxidation of AOM prior to the AC adsorption, relationships between the solution properties and AOM adsorption behaviour, or AOM as a cause of competitive adsorption. Also, focus should be laid on continuous flow column experiments using water with multi-component composition, because these would greatly contribute to transferring the theoretical knowledge to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Kopecka
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Cermakova
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Fialova
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Novotna
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Rita K Henderson
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Lenka Pivokonska
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Saha P, Wang Y, Moradi M, Brüninghoff R, Moussavi G, Mei B, Mul G, H. M. Rijnaarts H, Bruning H. Advanced oxidation processes for removal of organics from cooling tower blowdown: Efficiencies and evaluation of chlorinated species. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Tak S, Han SJ, Lee YK, Cho J, Hur J. Exploring applicability of end member mixing approach for predicting environmental reactivity of dissolved organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118044. [PMID: 34454197 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide applications of end member mixing analysis (EMMA) for assigning the sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic environment, there was no study attempting to test the applicability of EMMA for predicting environmental reactivity of DOM. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of EMMA, or the concept of ideal mixing behavior of end members, for describing several well-known DOM reactivities using two DOM end member sources (i.e., soil and algae) at varying mixing ratios. The selected DOM reactivities were trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), mineral adsorption amount, pyrene binding, membrane resistance, and biodegradation potential. Among the tested DOM functions, all were found to follow the ideal mixing behavior, presenting the linear relationships between the source mixing ratios and the tested reactivity with the R2 value of >0.80. The ideal mixing behavior of the DOM functions was more pronounced than that based on several spectroscopic indicators derived from UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. This study provided insight into potential applicability and limitation of EMMA approach in monitoring and predicting environmental functions of DOM in aquatic systems where identified DOM sources are mixed and vary dynamically with the mixing ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Tak
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - So-Jeong Han
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Palma D, Khaled A, Sleiman M, Voyard G, Richard C. Effect of UVC pre-irradiation on the Suwannee river Natural Organic Matter (SRNOM) photooxidant properties. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117395. [PMID: 34273776 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the changes in the chemical composition, and in the optical and photooxidant properties of Suwannee River Natural Organic Matter (SRNOM) induced by UVC (254 nm) treatment. The extent of the photodegradation was first assessed by UV-visible/fluorescence spectroscopies and organic carbon analysis. An in-depth investigation of the chemical changes was also conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after derivatizations. A series of mono, di and tricarbonyls and mono and dicarboxylic acids in C1C6 were identified in samples irradiated from 1 to 4 h. After 3 h of irradiation, carbonyls accounted for 46% of the organic carbon remaining in solution whereas carboxylic acids represented about 2%. Then, we investigated the modifications of the photooxidant properties of SRNOM induced by these chemical changes. At 254 nm, UVC pre-irradiated SRNOM photodegraded glyphosate 29 times faster than original SRNOM and the reaction was fully inhibited by 2-propanol (5 × 10-3 M). This enhanced photooxidant properties at 254 nm toward glyphosate was therefore reasonably due to •OH radicals formation, as confirmed by additional ESR measurements. A mechanism involving a chain reaction was proposed based on independent experiments conducted on carbonyl compounds, particularly pyruvic acid and acetone. The findings of this study show that UVC pre-treatment of NOM can enhance the removal of water pollutants and suggests a possible integration of a NOM pre-activation step in engineered water treatment sytems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Palma
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA-Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amina Khaled
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA-Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mohamad Sleiman
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA-Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Voyard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA-Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claire Richard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA-Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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25
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Liu H, Zhang X, Fang Y, Fu C, Chen Z. Trade-off control of organic matter and disinfection by-products in the drinking water treatment chain: Role of pre-ozonation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144767. [PMID: 33736400 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is a strong oxidant commonly used in drinking water treatment, but its role in the transformation/formation of organic matters (OMs) and disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the drinking water treatment chain had not been systematically studied. In this work the occurrence and building up of OMs, DBPs of trihalomethanes (THMs) and nitrosamines (NAs) during water purification steps under different pre-ozonation dosages have been studied through lab-scale and pilot-scale studies. Results indicated that 0-0.4 mg/L of pre-ozonation dosage could reduce organic load of following-up process steps but insufficient to control DBPs. Seasonal performances of a pilot plant indicated that the accumulation of DBPs was much less in summer than in winter. Furthermore the formation potential of NAs was higher in winter than summer when 0.4 mg/L pre-ozonation was dosed while the maximum removal efficiency of organic matter was found at a pre-ozonation dosage of 0.8 mg/L in summer. Finally a seasonal trade-off control strategy for both OMs and DBPs was proposed with an elucidated role of pre-ozonation in the drinking water treatment chain. This study provided working principles on optimizing pre-ozonation dosage and a seasonal control strategy for trade-off control of both OMs and DBPs in drinking water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, 200093 Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, 200093 Shanghai, China
| | - Yueying Fang
- Suzhou Industrial Park Qingyuan Hongkong & China Water Co., Ltd., 33 Xingang Road, 215021 Suzhou, China
| | - Cegan Fu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, 200093 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
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Effect of Background Water Matrices on Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Product Removal by UV-LED/TiO2. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of UV-LED-irradiated TiO2 in removing 24 commonly detected PPCPs in two water matrices (municipal wastewater effluent and Suwannee River NOM–synthetic water) and compared their performance with that of ultrapure water. Relatively fast removal kinetics were observed for 29% and 12% of the PPCPs in ultrapure water and synthetic surface water, respectively (kapp of 1–2 min−1). However, they all remained recalcitrant to photocatalysis when using wastewater effluent as the background matrix (kapp < 0.1 min−1). We also observed that the pH-corrected octanol/water partition coefficient (log Dow) correlated well with PPCP degradation rate constants in ultrapure water, whereas molecular weight was strongly associated with the rate constants in both synthetic surface water and wastewater. The electrical energy per order (EEO) values calculated at the end of the experiments suggest that UV-LED/P25 can be an energy-efficient method for water treatment applications (2.96, 4.77, and 16.36 kW h m−3 in ultrapure water, synthetic surface water, and wastewater effluents, respectively). Although TiO2 photocatalysis is a promising approach in removing PPCPs, our results indicate that additional challenges need to be overcome for PPCPs in more complex water matrices, including an assessment of photocatalytic removal under different background water matrices.
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The Role of Catalytic Ozonation Processes on the Elimination of DBPs and Their Precursors in Drinking Water Treatment. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water treatment (DWT) as a result of pathogen removal has always been an issue of special attention in the preparation of safe water. DBPs are formed by the action of oxidant-disinfectant chemicals, mainly chlorine derivatives (chlorine, hypochlorous acid, chloramines, etc.), that react with natural organic matter (NOM), mainly humic substances. DBPs are usually refractory to oxidation, mainly due to the presence of halogen compounds so that advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a recommended option to deal with their removal. In this work, the application of catalytic ozonation processes (with and without the simultaneous presence of radiation), moderately recent AOPs, for the removal of humic substances (NOM), also called DBPs precursors, and DBPs themselves is reviewed. First, a short history about the use of disinfectants in DWT, DBPs formation discovery and alternative oxidants used is presented. Then, sections are dedicated to conventional AOPs applied to remove DBPs and their precursors to finalize with the description of principal research achievements found in the literature about application of catalytic ozonation processes. In this sense, aspects such as operating conditions, reactors used, radiation sources applied in their case, kinetics and mechanisms are reviewed.
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Amiri Z, Moussavi G, Mohammadi S, Giannakis S. Development of a VUV-UVC/peroxymonosulfate, continuous-flow Advanced Oxidation Process for surface water disinfection and Natural Organic Matter elimination: Application and mechanistic aspects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124634. [PMID: 33261977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface waters are often charged with high amounts of natural organic matter (NOM), organic contaminants and pathogens. In this work, a Vacuum UV/PMS process (VUV-UVC/PMS) was employed for treating river water, assessing the simultaneous NOM mineralization and bacterial disinfection. The VUV-UVC process (without PMS) decreased TOC concentration from 3.83 to 0.15 mg/L within 20 min, achieving complete disinfection. Adding 5 mg/L PMS increased the rate of TOC removal by 80%; complete removal of TOC was achieved in 15 min and disinfection was attained twice as fast. The mechanism of NOM mineralization was scrutinized; aeration played a considerable role due to oxygen supply, mixing, and inducing in-situ H2O2 production. HO• and SO4•- were the main radical species involved, alongside an important contribution of the matrix; sulfate enhanced TOC removal, due to the formation of additional radicals, underlining its importance. Furthermore, over 99% TOC reduction and complete disinfection was achieved in the VUV-UVC/PMS process operated under continuous-flow mode with a 2-min hydraulic retention time. Finally, the use of Atrazine (ATZ) as a probe compound and a series of scavenging tests led to an integrated proposal for the mineralization of NOM. Accordingly, the VUV-UVC/PMS process is evaluated as an efficient and promising technology for surface water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Amiri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Moussavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samira Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Unidad docente Ingeniería Sanitaria, c/ Profesor Aranguren, s/n, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefanos Giannakis
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Unidad docente Ingeniería Sanitaria, c/ Profesor Aranguren, s/n, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Yang Y, Xiong Z, Wang Z, Liu Y, He Z, Cao A, Zhou L, Zhu L, Zhao S. Super-adsorptive and photo-regenerable carbon nanotube based membrane for highly efficient water purification. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.119000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Increased concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM), a complex mixture of organic substances found in most surface waters, have recently emerged as a substantial environmental issue. NOM has a significant variety of molecular and chemical properties, which in combination with its varying concentrations both geographically and seasonally, introduce the opportunity for an array of interactions with the environment. Due to an observable increase in amounts of NOM in water treatment supply sources, an improved effort to remove naturally-occurring organics from drinking water supplies, as well as from municipal wastewater effluents, is required to continue the development of highly efficient and versatile water treatment technologies. Photocatalysis has received increasing interest from around the world, especially during the last decade, as several investigated processes have been regularly reported to be amongst the best performing water treatment technologies to remove NOM from drinking water supplies and mitigate the formation of disinfection by products. Consequently, this overview highlights recent research and developments on the application of photocatalysis to degrade NOM by means of TiO2-based heterogeneous and homogeneous photocatalysts. Analytical techniques to quantify NOM in water and hybrid photocatalytic processes are also reviewed and discussed.
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Hua Z, Li D, Wu Z, Wang D, Cui Y, Huang X, Fang J, An T. DBP formation and toxicity alteration during UV/chlorine treatment of wastewater and the effects of ammonia and bromide. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116549. [PMID: 33152588 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The UV/chlorine process is efficient for the abatement of micropollutants; yet, the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and the toxicity can be altered during the treatment. This study investigated effluent organic matter characterization, DBP formation and toxicity alteration after the UV/chlorine treatment of wastewater; particularly, typical water matrix components in wastewater, namely, ammonia and bromide, were studied. The raw wastewater contained low levels of ammonia (3 µM) and bromide (0.5 µM). The UV/chlorine treatment efficiently eliminated 90 - 94% of fluorescent components. Compared with chlorination alone, a 20 min UV/chlorine treatment increased the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), chloral hydrate (CH), haloacetonitriles (HANs), trichloronitromethane (TCNM) and haloacetamides (HAcAms) by 90 - 508%. In post-chlorination after the UV/chlorine treatment, the formation of CH, HANs, TCNM and HAcAms increased by 77 - 274%, whereas the formation of both THMs and HAAs increased slightly by 11%. Meanwhile, the calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DBPs increased considerably after the UV/chlorine treatment and in post-chlorination, primarily due to the increased formation of HAAs and nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs). However, the acute toxicity of the wastewater to Vibrio fischeri and genotoxicity determined by the umu test decreased by 19% and 76%, respectively, after the 20 min UV/chlorine treatment. An additional 200 µM ammonia decreased the formation of all detected DBPs during the UV/chlorine treatment and 24 h post-chlorination, except that TCNM formation increased by 11% during post-chlorination. The acute toxicity of wastewater spiked with 200 µM ammonia was 32% lower than that of raw wastewater after the UV/chlorine treatment, but the genotoxicity was 58% higher. The addition of 1 mg/L bromide to the UV/chlorine process dramatically increased the formation of brominated DBPs and the overall calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DBPs. However, the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the wastewater decreased by 7% and 100%, respectively, when bromide was added to the UV/chlorine treatment. This study illuminated that UV/chlorine treatment can decrease acute and geno- toxicities of wastewater efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhechao Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Independent researcher, 25 Tuscany Springs Terr NW, Calgary, AB T3L 2V2, Canada
| | - Yonglin Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiongfei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Srivastav AL, Patel N, Chaudhary VK. Disinfection by-products in drinking water: Occurrence, toxicity and abatement. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115474. [PMID: 32889516 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection means the killing of pathogenic organisms (e.g. bacteria and its spores, viruses, protozoa and their cysts, worms, and larvae) present in water to make it potable for other domestic works. The substances used in the disinfection of water are known as disinfectants. At municipal level, chlorine (Cl2), chloramines (NH2Cl, NHCl2), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), ozone (O3) and ultraviolet (UV) radiations, are the most commonly used disinfectants. Chlorination, because of its removal efficiency and cost effectiveness, has been widely used as method of disinfection of water. But, disinfection process may add several kinds of disinfection by-products (DBPs) (∼600-700 in numbers) in the treated water such as Trihalomethanes (THM), Haloacetic acids (HAA) etc. which are detrimental to the human beings in terms of cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity and carcinogenicity. In water, THMs and HAAs were observed in the range from 0.138 to 458 μg/L and 0.16-136 μg/L, respectively. Thus, several regulations have been specified by world authorities like WHO, USEPA and Bureau of Indian Standard to protect human health. Some techniques have also been developed to remove the DBPs as well as their precursors from the water. The popular techniques of DBPs removals are adsorption, advance oxidation process, coagulation, membrane based filtration, combined approaches etc. The efficiency of adsorption technique was found up to 90% for DBP removal from the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Lal Srivastav
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Naveen Patel
- Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Awadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Awadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ren W, Zhou P, Nie G, Cheng C, Duan X, Zhang H, Wang S. Hydroxyl radical dominated elimination of plasticizers by peroxymonosulfate on metal-free boron: Kinetics and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116361. [PMID: 32927420 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizer pollution in drinking water and aquatic systems has raised global concerns due to the lasting and chronic hazards to marine life and public health. Metal-free materials are promising as green catalysts for wastewater purification. In this study, amorphous boron was applied as a metal-free activator to decompose peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of plasticizers in water. Integrating radical trapping and selectively quenching tests with kinetic evaluation and electrochemical analysis, hydroxyl radical was found to be the dominating reactive oxygen species (ROS). With a strong oxidative capacity, the boron/PMS system can effectively degrade both bisphenols and phthalates plasticizers. In contrast, a carbon nanotube-catalyzed PMS system mediated a nonradical pathway to oxidize the electron-rich plasticizer (bisphenol A), but ineffectively to decompose the highly recalcitrant phthalates plasticizers (diethyl phthalate). Moreover, we unveiled that the boron surface was oxidized to boron oxide during the redox reaction, and the oxide would be self-cleaned in the acidic solution to regenerate fresh boron and restore the activity during the cyclic operations. Therefore, this work not only gains new insights into the radical and nonradical oxidations by metal-free catalysis, but also provides feasible technologies for plasticizer purification in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA5005, Australia; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA5005, Australia; College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gang Nie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA5005, Australia; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA5005, Australia.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA5005, Australia
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Organic Degradation Potential of Real Greywater Using TiO2-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In keeping with the circular economy approach, reclaiming greywater (GW) is considered a sustainable approach to local reuse of wastewater and a viable option to reduce household demand for freshwater. This study investigated the mineralization of total organic carbon (TOC) in GW using TiO2-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in a custom-built stirred tank reactor. The combinations of H2O2, O3, and immobilized TiO2 under either dark or UVA irradiation conditions were systematically evaluated—namely TiO2/dark, O3/dark (ozonation), H2O2/dark (peroxidation), TiO2/UVA (photocatalysis), O3/UVA (Ozone photolysis), H2O2/UVA (photo-peroxidation), O3/TiO2/dark (catalytic ozonation), O3/TiO2/UVA (photocatalytic ozonation), H2O2/TiO2/dark, H2O2/TiO2/UVA, H2O2/O3/dark (peroxonation), H2O2/O3/UVA (photo-peroxonation), H2O2/O3/TiO2/dark (catalytic peroxonation), and H2O2/O3/TiO2/UVA (photocatalytic peroxonation). It was found that combining different treatment methods with UVA irradiation dramatically enhanced the organic mineralization efficiency. The optimum TiO2 loading in this study was observed to be 0.96 mg/cm2 with the highest TOC removal (54%) achieved using photocatalytic peroxonation under optimal conditions (0.96 mg TiO2/cm2, 25 mg O3/min, and 0.7 H2O2/O3 molar ratio). In peroxonation and photo-peroxonation, the optimal H2O2/O3 molar ratio was identified to be a critical efficiency parameter maximizing the production of reactive radical species. Increasing ozone flow rate or H2O2 dosage was observed to cause an efficiency inhibition effect. This lab-based study demonstrates the potential for combined TiO2-AOP treatments to significantly reduce the organic fraction of real GW, offering potential for the development of low-cost systems permitting safe GW reuse.
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Ji G, Sun S, Jia R, Liu J, Yao Z, Wang M, Zhao Q, Hou L. Study on the removal of humic acid by ultraviolet/persulfate advanced oxidation technology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:26079-26090. [PMID: 32358745 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) in water is the main precursor of disinfection by-products in the chlorination process of drinking water. In this study, an ultraviolet/persulfate (UV/PS) process, in a laboratory-scale system, is successful in the degradation of HA. The results showed that HA was significantly degraded (UV254 removal rate of ~ 89%) and partially mineralized (~ 62.5%) by UV/PS treatment at a PS dose of 0.4 mM, pH of 7.12, and UV irradiation time of 160 min. The trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was also significantly reduced (THMFP reduction of ~ 85.4%). A strong linear relationship was observed between UV254 and dissolved organic carbon. The removal rate of HA at low pH was better than that at high pH conditions, and the inhibition by Cl- slowed down after an initial increase, and the inhibition was weaker than HCO3-. By analyzing the fluorescence spectrum of two humic-like substances, the fluorescent compounds C1 and C2 in HA were significantly degraded, and the change in C1 and C2 concentration was correlated with the decrease of THMFP. The degradation of different fractions of natural organic matter in real-world water samples indicated that UV/PS has significant potential to decrease HA in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxue Ji
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, No. 1000 Fengming Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
- Shandong (Jinan) Water & Waste Water Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Sun
- Shandong (Jinan) Water & Waste Water Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruibao Jia
- Shandong (Jinan) Water & Waste Water Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianguang Liu
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, No. 1000 Fengming Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenxing Yao
- Shandong (Jinan) Water & Waste Water Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingquan Wang
- Shandong (Jinan) Water & Waste Water Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Shandong (Jinan) Water & Waste Water Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Li'an Hou
- Institute for Logistic Science and Technology of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100011, People's Republic of China
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Chen H, Li Q, Wang M, Ji D, Tan W. XPS and two-dimensional FTIR correlation analysis on the binding characteristics of humic acid onto kaolinite surface. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138154. [PMID: 32272401 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The stabilization and preservation of soil organic matter have been attributed to the strong reactive sites of mineral surfaces that cause physical isolation and chemical stabilization due to the organic-mineral interface. However, much of the micro-scale knowledge about interactions between organic ligands and minerals largely remains at the qualitative level, and neglects the heterogeneity of functional groups of organic matter. Here, we report the use of molecular-scale technologies of two-dimensional FTIR Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-FTIR-CoS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to directly measure the binding processes of humic acid (JGHA) groups onto kaolinite surface. The spectroscopy results showed that the carboxylate groups, aliphatic OH and aromatic structure participate in the binding of JGHA on kaolinite surface. The carboxylic and phenolic hydroxyl interact with kaolinite surface through the interfacial COAl/Si bonds. Kaolinite prefers to adsorb C-groups at pH 4.0 and O-groups at pH 8.0. The interaction of COO- group at 1566 cm-1 of JGHA leads to the formation of inner-sphere complex first and then outer-sphere complex with increasing contact time. The interaction of COOH group at 1261 cm-1 with the AlOH2+ of kaolinite was could be ascribed to ligand exchange and/or electrostatic attraction, whose contribution was evaluated to be 13.90%, 7.65% and 0% at pH 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0, respectively. These results of molecular binding provide quantitative mechanistic insights into organic-mineral interactions and expound the effect of functional groups of HA on binding mechanisms, and thus bring important clues for better understanding the mobility and transformation of land‑carbon including mineral-bound carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Chen
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Daobin Ji
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Landsman MR, Sujanani R, Brodfuehrer SH, Cooper CM, Darr AG, Davis RJ, Kim K, Kum S, Nalley LK, Nomaan SM, Oden CP, Paspureddi A, Reimund KK, Rowles LS, Yeo S, Lawler DF, Freeman BD, Katz LE. Water Treatment: Are Membranes the Panacea? Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2020; 11:559-585. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-111919-091940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alongside the rising global water demand, continued stress on current water supplies has sparked interest in using nontraditional source waters for energy, agriculture, industry, and domestic needs. Membrane technologies have emerged as one of the most promising approaches to achieve water security, but implementation of membrane processes for increasingly complex waters remains a challenge. The technical feasibility of membrane processes replacing conventional treatment of alternative water supplies (e.g., wastewater, seawater, and produced water) is considered in the context of typical and emerging water quality goals. This review considers the effectiveness of current technologies (both conventional and membrane based), as well as the potential for recent advancements in membrane research to achieve these water quality goals. We envision the future of water treatment to integrate advanced membranes (e.g., mixed-matrix membranes, block copolymers) into smart treatment trains that achieve several goals, including fit-for-purpose water generation, resource recovery, and energy conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Landsman
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Rahul Sujanani
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Samuel H. Brodfuehrer
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Carolyn M. Cooper
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Addison G. Darr
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - R. Justin Davis
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Soyoon Kum
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Lauren K. Nalley
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Sheik M. Nomaan
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Cameron P. Oden
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Akhilesh Paspureddi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Kevin K. Reimund
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Lewis Stetson Rowles
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Seulki Yeo
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Desmond F. Lawler
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Benny D. Freeman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Lynn E. Katz
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Bibliometric review of research trends on disinfection by-products in drinking water during 1975–2018. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kiattisaksiri P, Khan E, Punyapalakul P, Musikavong C, Tsang DCW, Ratpukdi T. Vacuum ultraviolet irradiation for mitigating dissolved organic nitrogen and formation of haloacetonitriles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109454. [PMID: 32278158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV, 185 + 254 nm) and ultraviolet (UV, 254 nm) for the reduction of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and haloacetonitrile formation potential (HANFP) of surface water and treated effluent wastewater samples. The results showed that the reduction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DON, hydrophobicity (HPO), absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) of both water samples by VUV was higher compared to using UV. The addition of H2O2 remarkably improved the performances of VUV and UV. VUV/H2O2 exhibited the highest removal efficiency for DOC and DON. Even though HANFP increased at the early stage, its concentration decreased (19-72%) at the end of treatment (60 min). Decreases in DON (30-41%) and DOC (51-57%) led to HANFP reduction (53-72%). Moreover, FEEM revealed that substantial reduction in soluble microbial product-like compounds (nitrogen-rich organic) had a strong correlation with HANFP reduction, implying that this group of compounds act as a main precursor of HANs. The VUV/H2O2 system significantly reduced HANFP more than UV/H2O2 and therefore is suitable for controlling HAN precursors and HAN formation in drinking water and reclaimed wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradabduang Kiattisaksiri
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University (Lampang Center), Lampang, 52190, Thailand; International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4015, United States
| | - Patiparn Punyapalakul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Charongpun Musikavong
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thunyalux Ratpukdi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Luo Y, Feng L, Liu Y, Zhang L. Disinfection by-products formation and acute toxicity variation of hospital wastewater under different disinfection processes. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Wang Q, Zietzschmann F, Yu J, Hofman R, An W, Yang M, Rietveld LC. Projecting competition between 2-methylisoborneol and natural organic matter in adsorption onto activated carbon from ozonated source waters. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115574. [PMID: 32062223 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Though the ozone-activated carbon process has been widely applied for drinking water purification, little is known about how ozone-modified natural organic matter (NOM) competes with micropollutants in activated carbon adsorption. In this study, three natural waters and one synthetic water (standard humics solution) with highly heterogeneous NOM compositions were employed to investigate the interference of ozonated NOM with the adsorption of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). Analysis using liquid chromatography with online carbon and UV254 detection (LC-OCD-UVD) revealed that ozonation led to various disintegration patterns of macromolecules in NOM, and UV absorbance was reduced markedly for nearly all NOM fractions. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption experiments showed that increasing ozone consumption coincided with reducing NOM competition against MIB in the three natural waters, as expressed by the fitted initial concentrations of the equivalent background compound (c0,EBC). In the synthetic water, in contrast, competition increased under low/moderate specific ozone consumptions and then decreased with further elevation of ozone consumptions. Regarding the significance on affecting ozonated NOM interference, aromaticity reduction outweighed formation of low molecular weight (LMW) organics in most cases, enhancing MIB adsorption capacity. However, disintegration of the humics fraction with larger molecular weight (1,103 g/mol, as compared to 546-697 g/mol in three natural waters) into smaller, more competitive fractions caused the observed initial deteriorated MIB adsorption in synthetic water. A superior correlation between c0,EBC and the UV absorbance of LMW organics (R2 = 0.93) over concentrations of LMW organics underlined the importance of the aromatic properties in competitive adsorption projection for ozone pretreated natural waters. Furthermore, the change of relative concentration of UV absorbing compounds during ozonation could help estimate the decrease of c0,EBC, which could be a promising tool for waterworks to adjust PAC doses for MIB removal in ozonated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China; Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, PO Box 5048, 2600GA, Delft, the Netherlands; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100019, Beijing, China
| | - Frederik Zietzschmann
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, PO Box 5048, 2600GA, Delft, the Netherlands; Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Motardstr. 35, 13629, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100019, Beijing, China.
| | - Roberta Hofman
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3433PE, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Wei An
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100019, Beijing, China
| | - Luuk C Rietveld
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, PO Box 5048, 2600GA, Delft, the Netherlands
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Wang Y, Couet M, Gutierrez L, Allard S, Croué JP. Impact of DOM source and character on the degradation of primidone by UV/chlorine: Reaction kinetics and disinfection by-product formation. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115463. [PMID: 31962269 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) can exert a strong influence on the effectiveness of the UV/chlorine process. This study examined the impact of five DOM isolates with different characteristics on the degradation kinetics of model contaminant primidone (PM) during UV/chlorine treatment. The formation of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) from DOM after 15-min UV/chlorine treatment followed by 24 h chlorination was investigated and compared with chlorination alone. The use of chemical probes and radical scavengers revealed that •OH and ClO• were the main radical species responsible for the loss of PM at acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. All tested DOM isolates significantly inhibited the decay of PM. A strong negative correlation (>0.93) was observed between the decay rate constants of PM and SUVA of DOM isolates, except for EfOM isolate, which induced the strongest inhibitory effect due to its higher abundance in sulfur-containing functional groups (i.e., sink of •OH/Cl• radicals). Compared with chlorination, the formation of Adsorbable Organic Chlorine (AOCl) and Trichloromethane (TCM) during the UV/Chlorine process was enhanced and hindered for low SUVA isolates and high SUVA DOM, respectively. However, Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) formation was generally lower for all isolates except for Ribou Reservoir DOM at pH 8.4 because of its high reactive nitrogenous DBP precursors at caustic conditions. However, when normalized to the chlorine consumed, the UV/Chlorine process always led to a lower DBPs formation compared with chlorination alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Marie Couet
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, France; Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Leonardo Gutierrez
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Australia; Facultad Del Mar y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Del Pacifico, Ecuador
| | - Sébastien Allard
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Croué
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, France; Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Australia.
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Noorimotlagh Z, Ravanbakhsh M, Valizadeh MR, Bayati B, Kyzas GZ, Ahmadi M, Rahbar N, Jaafarzadeh N. Optimization and genetic programming modeling of humic acid adsorption onto prepared activated carbon and modified by multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tak S, Vellanki BP. Applicability of advanced oxidation processes in removing anthropogenically influenced chlorination disinfection byproduct precursors in a developing country. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 186:109768. [PMID: 31606645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The studies on occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in drinking water treatment plants or even wastewater treatment plants in developing country like India, are very limited. Trihalomethanes (THMs) is one such contaminant of concern in drinking water treatment sector. THMs are the major disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed during the widely used chlorination process. Their identification and removal is of utmost importance in developed as well as developing nations. This study is first of its kind to assess the removal of mixture of urban run-off driven organic matter, agricultural run-off driven organic matter, untreated sewage effluent driven organic matter and little natural organic matter (NOM) (altogether NefOM) (major DBP precursors) using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in the Indian region. Since, NOM vary geographically, this study will add up to applicability of generally utilized AOPs for removal of site explicit (Indian) NefOM. Trihalomethanes at a conventional water treatment plant at Mathura and a moving bed biofilm based non-conventional water treatment plant at Agra were monitored over a year, demonstrating the inability of the water treatment plants to limit formation of DBPs from Yamuna inlet water at any time of the year. Various AOPs (UV-H2O2, O3-H2O2, O3) and UV (ultraviolet) photolysis were assessed for their ability to decrease the trihalomethane forming potential (THMFP) by degrading the contaminants in the waters of Yamuna. Kinetic studies were conducted to evaluate the selected AOPs based on their ability to mineralize dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and decrease UV254 at various pH, UV intensities, and ozone and hydrogen peroxide concentrations. UV-L/H2O2 at an intensity of 47 mJ/cm2/min, pH = 7, and at hydrogen peroxide concentration of 0.5 mM provided an optimum reduction of DOC (64%) and UV254 (87%). Fractionation studies indicated that treatment by UV-L/H2O2 leads to the most significant decrease in the hydrophobic fraction of the water, while further study indicated that UV-L/H2O2 also showed maximum attenuation of THMFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Tak
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Bhanu Prakash Vellanki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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Cai L, Li L, Yu S, Guo J, Kuppers S, Dong L. Formation of odorous by-products during chlorination of major amino acids in East Taihu Lake: Impacts of UV, UV/PS and UV/H 2O 2 pre-treatments. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 162:427-436. [PMID: 31301472 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Certain amino acids (AAs) can form odorous aldehydes, nitriles and N-chloroaldimines during chlorination. Ultraviolet (UV) photolysis, ultraviolet/persulfate (UV/PS) and ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) treatments have been reported to decrease trace organic contaminants in drinking water. In this study, 20 common AAs in East Taihu (ET) Lake (the main drinking water source for the surrounding cities) were determined during one year (four seasons). The impacts of UV photolysis alone and two UV-advanced oxidation process (AOP) pre-treatments on the formation of aldehydes, nitriles and N-chloroaldimines during post-chlorination of water containing three of the most detected AAs (i.e. valine (Val), leucine (Leu) and isoleucine (Ile)) in ET Lake were investigated. Results showed that the two UV-AOPs significantly decreased the odorous by-product formation from AAs compared with UV photolysis alone. The formation of N-chloroaldimines was more easily controlled than that of aldehyde and nitrile. Furthermore, UV/H2O2 was more effective than UV/PS at pH = 5 and 7. At pH = 9, the two UV-AOPs had similar effects and did not perform very well. In addition, the UV-AOPs controlled the formation of odorous by-products effectively at Cl/AA (molar ratio of chlorine to amino acid) ratios of 2.4 and 3.0 but increased their formation at Cl/AA ratios of 0.8 and 1.2. Experiments in real water showed that UV/H2O2 was more suitable for controlling the off-flavor problem caused by chlorination of AAs in ET Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Shuili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jingxuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | | | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co.,LTD, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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Mejia-Morales C, Cortés-Hernández DM, Hernández-Aldana F, Peña-Moreno RD, Bonilla y Fernández N. Broadband Characterization Method for Photochemical Systems Used in Hospital Wastewater Treatment. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x19040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Phungsai P, Kurisu F, Kasuga I, Furumai H. Molecular characteristics of dissolved organic matter transformed by O 3 and O 3/H 2O 2 treatments and the effects on formation of unknown disinfection by-products. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 159:214-222. [PMID: 31100575 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated semiquantitative changes in almost 1000 dissolved organic matter (DOM) features during oxidation with 1 mg of O3 per liter (mg O3/L), 4 mg O3/L, or 4 mg O3/L + 2.5 mg of H2O2 per liter (advanced oxidation process, AOP) by unknown screening analysis with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The consequential effects on formation of unknown disinfection by-products (DBPs) by chlorination were evaluated in laboratory-scale experiments. Several hundred unsaturated DOM features with positive oxygen-subtracted double bond equivalents per carbon ((DBE-O)/C) were decomposed by the ozone-only treatment and AOP. The AOP decomposed some saturated (negative (DBE-O)/C)) and reduced molecules, which had negative carbon oxidation states (Cos). Several hundred saturated oxidation by-products were detected after ozonation and the AOP. After chlorination, the samples pre-treated with ozone alone resulted in higher formation of unknown DBPs than the AOP pre-treated sample or the sample without oxidation. Over half of the DBP precursors, estimated by electrophilic substitution, were not totally decomposed by any oxidation process, but they were increased after the ozone-only process and AOP. DBP precursors produced by the ozone-only process or AOP formed unique unknown DBPs. Therefore, post-treatment processes after oxidation and before chlorination are important to minimize formation of unknown DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanwatt Phungsai
- Research Center for Water Environment Technology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Futoshi Kurisu
- Research Center for Water Environment Technology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Ikuro Kasuga
- Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Furumai
- Research Center for Water Environment Technology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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48
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De Meyer E, Van Overstraeten T, Heyse J, Uddin MR, Vanoppen M, Boon N, De Gusseme B, Verbeken K, Verliefde ARD. Organic Matter and Microbial Cell Density Behavior during Ion Exchange Demineralization of Surface Water for Boiler Feedwater. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Rakib Uddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, University Ave., 3114 Syleth, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Kim Verbeken
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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49
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Hua Z, Kong X, Hou S, Zou S, Xu X, Huang H, Fang J. DBP alteration from NOM and model compounds after UV/persulfate treatment with post chlorination. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 158:237-245. [PMID: 31039453 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The UV/persulfate process is an effective advanced oxidation process (AOP) for the abatement of a variety of micropollutants via producing sulfate radicals (SO4•-). However, when this technology is used to reduce target pollutants, the precursors of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as natural organic matter (NOM) and organic nitrogen compounds, can be altered. This study systematically investigated the DBP formation from NOM and five model compounds after UV/H2O2 and UV/persulfate treatments followed with 24 h chlorination. Compared to chlorination alone, the yields of trichloromethane (TCM) and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) from NOM decreased by 50% and 54%, respectively, after UV/persulfate treatment followed with chlorination, whereas those of chloral hydrate (CH), 1,1,1-trichloropropanone (1,1,1-TCP) and trichloronitromethane (TCNM) increased by 217%, 136%, and 153%, respectively. The effect of UV/H2O2 treatment on DBP formation shared a similar trend to that of UV/persulfate treatment, but the DBP formation was higher from the former. As the UV/persulfate treatment time prolonged or the persulfate dosage increased, the formation of TCM and DCAN continuously decreased, while that of CH, 1,1,1-TCP and TCNM presented an increasing and then decreasing pattern. SO4•- activated benzoic acid (BA) to form phenolic compounds that enhanced the formation of TCM and CH, while it deactivated resorcinol to decrease the formation of TCM. SO4•- reacted with aliphatic amines such as methylamine (MA) and dimethylamine (DMA) to form nitro groups, which significantly increased the formation of TCNM in post chlorination, and the rate was determined to be higher than that of HO•. This study illuminated the diverse impacts of the structures of the precursors on DBP formation after UV/persulfate treatment, and DBP alteration depended on the reactivity between SO4•- and specific precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhechao Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiujuan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shaodong Hou
- Guangdong Shaoke Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Shaoguan, 512000, China
| | - Shiqian Zou
- Suzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xibing Xu
- China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation International Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100121, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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50
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Ibn Abdul Hamid K, Sanciolo P, Gray S, Duke M, Muthukumaran S. Comparison of the effects of ozone, biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration and combined ozone-BAC pre-treatments on the microfiltration of secondary effluent. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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