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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Wang K, Tan Y, Bing X, Jiang J, Fang W, Chen L, Liao H. Principles and research progress of physical prevention and control technologies for algae in eutrophic water. iScience 2024; 27:109990. [PMID: 38840838 PMCID: PMC11152667 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The abnormal reproduction of algae in water worldwide is prominent in the context of human interference and global climate change. This study first thoroughly analyzed the effects of physical factors, such as light, temperature, hydrodynamics, and operational strategies, on algal growth and their mechanisms. Physical control techniques are safe and have great potential for preventing abnormal algal blooms in the absence of chemical reagents. The focus was on the principles and possible engineering applications of physical shading, ultrasound, micro-current, and ultraviolet (UV) technologies, in controlling abnormal algal reproduction. Physical shading can inhibit or weaken photosynthesis in algae, thereby inhibiting their growth. Ultrasound mainly affects the physiological and biochemical activities of cells by destroying the cell walls, air cells, and active enzymes. Micro-currents destroy the algal cell structure through direct and indirect oxidation, leading to algal cell death. UV irradiation can damage DNA, causing organisms to be unable to reproduce or algal cells to die directly. This article comprehensively summarizes and analyzes the advantages of physical prevention and control technologies for the abnormal reproduction of algae, providing a scientific basis for future research. In the future, attempts will be made toward appropriately and comprehensively utilizing various physical technologies to control algal blooms. The establishment of an intelligent, comprehensive physical prevention and control system to achieve environmentally friendly, economical, and effective physical prevention and control of algae, such as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, is of great importance for specific waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuanrong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yidan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaojie Bing
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wen Fang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Haiqing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Wang L, Xiao Y, Lai W, Jia R, Deng Q, Wang X, Shi H, Yang Y, Zhang B. Micrococcus lacusdianchii sp. nov., an attached bacterium inhibited by metabolites from its symbiotic algae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024; 77:163-169. [PMID: 38148391 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel actinobacterial strain, designated as JXJ CY 30 T, was isolated from the phycosphere of Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905 (Maf) collected from Lake Dianchi, China. The strain was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and coccus-shaped actinobacterium. It had alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and lysine in the peptidoglycan, and mannose, ribose and arabinose in its cell wall sugars, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 as the main cellular fatty acids, MK-7 and MK-8 as the major respiratory quinones, and phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipid, and an unidentified phospholipid as the polar lipids. The DNA G + C content was 73.08%. Its 16 S rRNA gene sequence shared 99.14%, and 98.75% similarities with Micrococcus flavus DSM 19079 T and M. porci KD337-16T, respectively, and ≤98.41% similarities with other type strains of the genus Micrococcus. It formed independent clade with M. flavus DSM 19079 T on the phylogenetic trees. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain JXJ CY 30 T and M. flavus DSM 19079 T and M. porci KD337-16T were 48.0% and 92.1%, 25.5% and 83.2%, respectively. These data above indicated that strain JXJ CY 30 T represented a new species of the genus Micrococcus, and the species epithet is proposed as Micrococcus lacusdianchii sp. nov. (type strain JXJ CY 30 T = KCTC 49378 T = CGMCC 1.17508 T). Strain JXJ CY 30 T can potentially provide Maf with various nutrients such as available phosphorus and nitrogen, plant hormones, various vitamins and carotenoids for growth, while it was inhibited by metabolites from its symbiotic algae Maf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Wenxin Lai
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Ru Jia
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Qinglin Deng
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Hongqiu Shi
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China.
| | - Binghuo Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China.
- Jiujiang Key Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine resources in Northwest Jiangxi, Jiujiang, China.
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Song K, Liu Y, Umar A, Ma H, Wang H. Ultrasonic cavitation: Tackling organic pollutants in wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141024. [PMID: 38147929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution and energy shortages are global issues that significantly impact human progress. Multiple methods have been proposed for treating industrial and dyes containing wastewater. Ultrasonic degradation has emerged as a promising and innovative technology for organic pollutant degradation. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the factors affecting ultrasonic degradation and thoroughly examines the technique of acoustic cavitation. Furthermore, this study summarizes the fundamental theories and mechanisms underlying cavitation, emphasizing its efficacy in the remediation of various water pollutants. Furthermore, potential synergies between ultrasonic cavitation and other commonly used technologies are also explored. Potential challenges are identified and future directions for the development of ultrasonic degradation and ultrasonic cavitation technologies are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, And Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Hailing Ma
- School of Engineering and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Hongxu Wang
- School of Engineering and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.
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Yin J, Huang H, Zheng M, Hu J. An ultrasonic biosample disruptor with two triangular teeth on its radiation face. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300263. [PMID: 38009259 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound has been used in biosample disruption such as disruption of algal cell and DNA. New structure of ultrasonic biosample disruptor (UBD) needs to be explored to increase the energy efficiency. In this study, an UBD with two triangular teeth on the bottom radiation face of the water tank has been proposed, to concentrate the acoustic energy into the slot between the two neighboring triangular teeth, in order to raise the acoustic energy utilization and fragmentation performance. The acoustic energy concentration into the slot is verified by the FEM computation, and the improvement of fragmentation performance is experimentally confirmed with spirulina and tribonema, compared to the traditional UBD which has a flat radiation face. The number proportion of fragment in the length range of 10-20 μm generated by the UBD proposed in this work is 17.08% and 10.82% more than that generated by the traditional UBD for the two samples, respectively. Besides, the UBD proposed in this work has a much smaller standard deviation of DNA fragment length (47 bp) than the traditional UBD (249 bp), with a similar mean length of fragments. Moreover, the maximum weight proportion of fragment in the range of 100-300 bp, generated by the UBD proposed in this work, is 71.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yin
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Huang
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Junhui Hu
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
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Song J, Xu Z, Chen Y, Guo J. Nanoparticles, an Emerging Control Method for Harmful Algal Blooms: Current Technologies, Challenges, and Perspectives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2384. [PMID: 37630969 PMCID: PMC10457966 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a global concern because they harm aquatic ecosystems and pose a risk to human health. Various physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been explored to control HABs. However, these methods have limitations in terms of cost, environmental impact, and effectiveness, particularly for large water bodies. Recently, the use of nanoparticles has emerged as a promising strategy for controlling HABs. Briefly, nanoparticles can act as anti-algae agents via several mechanisms, including photocatalysis, flocculation, oxidation, adsorption, and nutrient recovery. Compared with traditional methods, nanoparticle-based approaches offer advantages in terms of environmental friendliness, effectiveness, and specificity. However, the challenges and risks associated with nanoparticles, such as their toxicity and ecological impact, must be considered. In this review, we summarize recent research progress concerning the use of nanoparticles to control HABs, compare the advantages and disadvantages of different types of nanoparticles, discuss the factors influencing their effectiveness and environmental impact, and suggest future directions for research and development in this field. Additionally, we explore the causes of algal blooms, their harmful effects, and various treatment methods, including restricting eutrophication, biological control, and disrupting living conditions. The potential of photocatalysis for generating reactive oxygen species and nutrient control methods using nanomaterials are also discussed in detail. Moreover, the application of flocculants/coagulants for algal removal is highlighted, along with the challenges and potential solutions associated with their use. This comprehensive overview aims to contribute to the development of efficient and sustainable strategies for controlling HAB control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.S.); (Z.X.)
| | - Jiaqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.S.); (Z.X.)
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Xu H, Tang Z, Liang Z, Chen H, Dai X. Neglected methane production and toxicity risk in low-frequency ultrasound for controlling harmful algal blooms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 232:116422. [PMID: 37327839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Algal blooms are regarded as a significant source of CH4 emissions. Ultrasound has been gradually employed as a fast and efficient algae removal technology in recent years. However, the changes in water environment and potential ecological effects caused by ultrasonic algae removal are not fully clear. Here, a 40-day microcosm study was performed to simulate the collapse of Microcystis aeruginosa blooms after ultrasonic treatment. The results showed that low-frequency ultrasound at 29.4 kHz for 15 min removed 33.49% of M. aeruginosa and contributed to the destruction of cell structure, but it intensified the leakage of intracellular algal organic matter and microcystins. The accelerated collapse of M. aeruginosa blooms after ultrasonication promoted the rapid formation of anaerobic and reductive methanogenesis conditions, and elevated dissolved organic carbon content. Moreover, the release of labile organics, including tyrosine, tryptophan, protein-like compositions, and aromatic proteins, was facilitated by the collapse of M. aeruginosa blooms after ultrasonic treatment, and they supported the growth of anaerobic fermentation bacteria and hydrogenotrophic Methanobacteriales. This was also demonstrated by the increase in methyl-coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) genes in sonicated algae added treatments at the end of incubation. Finally, the CH4 production in sonicated algae added treatments was 1.43-fold higher than that in non-sonicated algae added treatments. These observations suggested that ultrasound for algal bloom control potentially increased the toxicity of treated water and its greenhouse gas emissions. This study can provide new insights and guidance to evaluate environmental effects of ultrasonic algae removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zixuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Lang Y, Wang Y, Zhou R, Wu P. Self-Immolative Polythiophene for Sunlight Inactivation of Harmful Cyanobacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7800-7808. [PMID: 37163388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms and the released microcystins (MCs) caused serious environmental and public health concerns to drinking water safety. Photo-oxidation is an appealing treatment option and alternative to conventional flocculation and microbial antagonists, but the performances of current photosensitizers (either inorganic or organic) are unsatisfactory. Here, a polythiophene photosensitizer (PT10) with both high yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (mainly 1O2, ΦΔ = 0.51, > 8 h continuous generation) and moderate photostability was used as a powerful algaecide to inhibit Microcystis aeruginosa. Due to the positive charge of PT10, the algal cells were quickly flocculated, followed by efficient inactivation in 4 h under white light irradiation (96.7%, 10 mW/cm2). Meanwhile, PT10 was self-immolated in about 6 h. Upon biosafety evaluation with adult zebrafish, the low toxicity of PT10 and the degradation products of PT10 and algae (early logarithmic growth stage) were confirmed. In addition, microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a toxic microcystin that will be released during the destruction of the algal cells, was also degraded. Therefore, PT10-based photoinactivation of M. aeruginosa featured both high performance and low secondary pollution. In real-world aquatic systems, PT10 was confirmed to be capable of sunlight-assisted inactivation of M. aeruginosa and prevent algal blooms, thus making it appealing for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Lang
- Analytical & Testing Centre, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Analytical & Testing Centre, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ronghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Huang S, Zuo L, Cheng G, He Y, Zhang L, Han Q, Feng L. Design, synthesis and mechanism research of novel algicide based on bioactive fragments synthesis strategy. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105344. [PMID: 36963926 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) are increasing all over the world, their prevention and control have become a great challenge. In this paper, a series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole thioacetamides (T series) were designed and synthesized as potential algaecides. Among them, the compound T3 showed its best algacidal activity against Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (PCC 6803, EC50 = 1.51 μM) and Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB 905 (FACHB905, EC50 = 4.88 μM), which was more effective than the lead compound L1 (PCC6803, EC50 = 7.7 μM; FACHB905, EC50 = 8.8 μM) and the commercially available herbicide prometryn (PCC6803, EC50 = 4.64 μM;FACHB905, EC50 = 6.52 μM). Meanwhile, T3 showed a lower inhibitory activity (EC50 = 12.76 μM) than prometryn (EC50 = 7.98 μM) to Chlorella FACHB1227, indicating that T3 had selective inhibition to prokaryotic algae (PCC6803, FACHB905) and eukaryotic algae (FACHB1227). Furthermore, the algacidal and anti-algae activities of T3 were significantly better than those of prometryn, while the toxicity of zebrafish and human cells was less than prometryn. Electron microscope, physiological, biochemical and metabonomic analysis showed that T3 interfered with light absorption and light conversion during photosynthesis by significantly reducing chlorophyll content, thus inhibited metabolic pathways such as the Calvin cycle and TCA cycle, and eventually led to the cell rupture of cyanobacteria. These results afforded further development of effective and safe algaecides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lingzi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guonian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yanlin He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Liexiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lingling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Saleem F, Jiang JL, Atrache R, Paschos A, Edge TA, Schellhorn HE. Cyanobacterial Algal Bloom Monitoring: Molecular Methods and Technologies for Freshwater Ecosystems. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040851. [PMID: 37110273 PMCID: PMC10144707 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) can accumulate to form harmful algal blooms (HABs) on the surface of freshwater ecosystems under eutrophic conditions. Extensive HAB events can threaten local wildlife, public health, and the utilization of recreational waters. For the detection/quantification of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, both the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Health Canada increasingly indicate that molecular methods can be useful. However, each molecular detection method has specific advantages and limitations for monitoring HABs in recreational water ecosystems. Rapidly developing modern technologies, including satellite imaging, biosensors, and machine learning/artificial intelligence, can be integrated with standard/conventional methods to overcome the limitations associated with traditional cyanobacterial detection methodology. We examine advances in cyanobacterial cell lysis methodology and conventional/modern molecular detection methods, including imaging techniques, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/DNA sequencing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), mass spectrometry, remote sensing, and machine learning/AI-based prediction models. This review focuses specifically on methodologies likely to be employed for recreational water ecosystems, especially in the Great Lakes region of North America.
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Evaluating Ultrasonicator Performance for Cyanobacteria Management at Freshwater Sources. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030186. [PMID: 36977077 PMCID: PMC10051689 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Algal blooms consisting of potentially toxic cyanobacteria are a growing source water management challenge faced by water utilities globally. Commercially available sonication devices are designed to mitigate this challenge by targeting cyanobacteria-specific cellular features and aim to inhibit cyanobacterial growth within water bodies. There is limited available literature evaluating this technology; therefore, a sonication trial was conducted in a drinking water reservoir within regional Victoria, Australia across an 18-month period using one device. The trial reservoir, referred to as Reservoir C, is the final reservoir in a local network of reservoirs managed by a regional water utility. Sonicator efficacy was evaluated through qualitative and quantitative analysis of algal and cyanobacterial trends within Reservoir C and surrounding reservoirs using field data collected across three years preceding the trial and during the 18-month duration of the trial. Qualitative assessment revealed a slight increase in eukaryotic algal growth within Reservoir C following device installation, which is likely due to local environmental factors such as rainfall-driven nutrient influx. Post-sonication quantities of cyanobacteria remained relatively consistent, which may indicate that the device was able to counteract favorable phytoplankton growth conditions. Qualitative assessments also revealed minimal prevalence variations of the dominant cyanobacterial species within the reservoir following trial initiation. Since the dominant species were potential toxin producers, there is no strong evidence that sonication altered Reservoir C’s water risk profiles during this trial. Statistical analysis of samples collected within the reservoir and from the intake pipe to the associated treatment plant supported qualitative observations and revealed a significant elevation in eukaryotic algal cell counts during bloom and non-bloom periods post-installation. Corresponding cyanobacteria biovolumes and cell counts revealed that no significant changes occurred, excluding a significant decrease in bloom season cell counts measured within the treatment plant intake pipe and a significant increase in non-bloom season biovolumes and cell counts as measured within the reservoir. One technical disruption occurred during the trial; however, this had no notable impacts on cyanobacterial prevalence. Acknowledging the limitations of the experimental conditions, data and observations from this trial indicate there is no strong evidence that sonication significantly reduced cyanobacteria occurrence within Reservoir C.
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Moftakhari Anasori Movahed S, Calgaro L, Marcomini A. Trends and characteristics of employing cavitation technology for water and wastewater treatment with a focus on hydrodynamic and ultrasonic cavitation over the past two decades: A Scientometric analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159802. [PMID: 36411670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cavitation-based technologies have emerged as a sustainable and effective way to treat natural waters and wastewater, considering their increasing scarcity due to pollution and climate change. For this reason, this work aimed to conduct a scientometric analysis on the topic of cavitation for water and wastewater treatment during the last 20 years, from 2001 to August 2022. We focused on hydrodynamic and ultrasonic cavitation as the prevalent methods of inducing cavitation. Furthermore, an in-depth study on the main trends regarding the number of publications and citations, keywords co-occurrence and evolution, and countries' publication trends was carried out to investigate the future direction of this research topic. The data was gathered from the Web of Science database and analyzed by the Visualization Of Similarities software. This work focused on: i) publication and citation trends, ii) scientific categories, iii) countries' contribution to the topic of cavitation, iv) prominent journals, v) keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis, and vi) keyword evolution analysis. Results showed a significant increase in publications during the past 5 years. The scientific categories with the highest number of publications were "environmental sciences" and "environmental engineering," with a combined share of 19.4 % of publications. Keywords evolution analysis showed that limited focus was given to topics related to "energy" and "energy efficiency" in the field of cavitation, but with the rising importance of each process's sustainability, the attention given to these concepts will increase in the future. Future directions for the topic of cavitation-related water and wastewater treatments will shift towards more environmentally friendly applications of hydrodynamic and ultrasonic cavitation as well as towards more green and sustainable approaches to address the increasing water pollution problems and shortage. Moreover, it will include other uses besides water treatment such as manufacturing nanomaterials food production and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Moftakhari Anasori Movahed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Mestre, Italy
| | - Loris Calgaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Mestre, Italy
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Mestre, Italy.
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Shi Y, Shen A, Shao L, He P. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on growth, photosynthesis, and photosynthesis-related gene expression in Microcystis flos-aquae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:87446-87455. [PMID: 35810242 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of plants on algae offers a new and promising alternative method for controlling harmful algal blooms. Previous studies showed that anti-algal effects might be obvious from extracts of fallen leaves from terrestrial plants, which had great potential for cyanobacterial control in field tests. To investigate the anti-algal activities and main algicidal mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba fallen leaves extracts (GBE) on Microcystis flos-aquae, the cell density, photosynthetic fluorescence, and gene expression under different concentrations of GBE treatments were tested. GBE (3.00 g L-1) showed a strong inhibitory effect against M. flos-aquae with an IC50 (96h) of 0.79 g L-1. All the inhibition rates of maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield (Fq'/Fm'), and maximal relative electron transfer rate (rETRmax) were more than 70% at 96 h at 3.00 g L-1 and more than 90% at 6.00 g L-1. Further results of gene expression of the core proteins of PSII (psbD), limiting enzyme in carbon assimilation (rbcL), and phycobilisome degradation protein (nblA) were downregulated after exposure. These findings emphasized that photosynthetic damage is one of the main toxic mechanisms of GBE on M. flos-aquae. When exposed to 12.00 g L-1 GBE, no significant influence on the death rate of zebrafish or photosynthetic activity of the three submerged plants was found. Therefore, appropriate use of GBE could control the expansion of M. flos-aquae colonies without potential risks to the ecological safety of aquatic environments, which means that GBE could actually be used to regulate cyanobacterial blooms in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anglu Shen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Shao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
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Rashid J, Imtiaz F, Xu M, Savina IN. Hydrogen peroxide modified and bismuth vanadate decorated titanium dioxide nanocomposite (BiVO 4@HMT) for enhanced visible light photocatalytic growth inhibition of harmful cyanobacteria in water. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31338-31351. [PMID: 36349036 PMCID: PMC9623613 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms in aquatic ecosystems leads to health damage for various life forms. In this study, a photocatalyst active in the visible light range was prepared by combining BiVO4 with hydrogen peroxide modified titanium dioxide (BiVO4@HMT; for short), using an impregnation method. The catalyst was used to photocatalytically inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria collected from a bloom site. To infer the optimum pH for cyanobacterial growth, the effect of pH was studied. The growth of cyanobacteria was favoured in an alkaline environment at pH values in the range of 8-9.5 when analysed on the 20th day of incubation. Structural and chemical analysis of pristine and composite nano-powders was performed using XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS, confirming the heterojunction formation, while optical and band gap analysis revealed increased visible light absorption and reduced band gap of the composite. A small strawberry seed-like assembly of BiVO4 particles increased the light absorption in the 15%BiVO4@HMT composite and increased the inhibition efficiency up to 2.56 times compared to pristine HMT at an exposure time of 6 h and cell concentration at 0.1 g L-1 with an optimum catalyst dose of 1 g L-1. The amount of chlorophyll 'a' decreased due to the generation of catalytically reactive species, especially holes (h+), which caused oxidative damage to the cell wall, cell membrane and antioxidants in algal cells. This study reports that visible light active nanocatalysts can be used as a promising method for reducing algal blooms in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshaid Rashid
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory for Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhai 519087China,Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan
| | - Fatima Imtiaz
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan
| | - Ming Xu
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory for Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhai 519087China
| | - Irina N. Savina
- School of Applied Sciences, University of BrightonHuxley Building, Lewes RoadBrighton BN2 4GJUK
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Ming H, Yan G, Zhang X, Pei X, Fu L, Zhou D. Harsh temperature induces Microcystis aeruginosa growth enhancement and water deterioration during vernalization. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118956. [PMID: 35985140 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are seasonal phenomena in eutrophic water. Cyanobacteria grow fast in the warm spring/summer while disappearing in cold autumn/winter. The temperature change induces algal vernalization. However, whether vernalization affects cyanobacterial blooms, and the regulatory signaling mechanisms are unclear. This study used Microcystis aeruginosa as the model cyanobacteria, and 4 °C and 10 °C as the low-temperature stimulation to explore the cell growth, metabolites, and signaling pathways in cyanobacteria vernalization. Low temperatures induced M. aeruginosa vernalization; the growth rate and cell density increased by 35±4% and 33±2%. Vernalization influenced peptidoglycan synthesis and cell permeability. Soluble microbial products (SMPs) in water increased by 109±5%, resulting in water deterioration. Polysaccharides were the predominant SMPs during the initial term of vernalization. Tryptophan protein-like & humic acid-like substances became the main increased SMPs in the middle-later period of vernalization. Harsh temperatures triggered quorum sensing and two-component system. Signaling sensing systems upregulated photosynthesis, glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and DNA replication, enhancing M. aeruginosa growth and metabolism during vernalization. This study verified that low temperature stimulates cyanobacteria growth and metabolism, and vernalization possibly aggravates cyanobacterial blooms and water deterioration. It provides new insights into the mechanism of seasonal cyanobacterial blooms and the pivotal role of signaling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ming
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Ge Yan
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaofen Pei
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Liang Fu
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China.
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
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15
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Wei P, Ma H, Fu H, Xu Z, Qu X. Efficient inhibition of cyanobacteria M. aeruginosa growth using commercial food-grade fumaric acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134659. [PMID: 35447209 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The control of cyanobacteria blooms is a global challenge. Here, we reported the efficient inhibition of M. aeruginosa by fumaric acid (FA), an intermediate metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. FA showed strong algicidal activity with an inhibition rate of 90.5% on the 8th day at a dose of 40 mg/L. The presence of FA caused severe membrane damage, as suggested by the fluorescence flow cytometry and morphology analysis. FA inhibited the formation of chlorophyll a, interrupting the photosynthesis system. It also induced oxidative stress in cells. Principal component analysis of the indicators suggested that the FA-treated sample had a significantly different inhibitory pattern than the acid-treated sample. Thus, the inhibitory effect was not solely caused by the pH effect. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that 31 metabolites were differentially expressed in response to FA stress, which were mainly involved in the metabolite processes and the membranes. A commercial food-grade FA was able to inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa similar to the analytical-grade FA. Our results suggest that FA can be potentially an efficient and low-risk chemical for inhibiting M. aeruginosa growth, which may find future applications in cyanobacteria bloom control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Hanmin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Heyun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhaoyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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Ren B, Weitzel KA, Duan X, Nadagouda MN, Dionysiou DD. A comprehensive review on algae removal and control by coagulation-based processes: mechanism, material, and application. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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A Review of Cyanophage–Host Relationships: Highlighting Cyanophages as a Potential Cyanobacteria Control Strategy. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060385. [PMID: 35737046 PMCID: PMC9229316 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are naturally occurring phenomena, and cyanobacteria are the most commonly occurring HABs in freshwater systems. Cyanobacteria HABs (cyanoHABs) negatively affect ecosystems and drinking water resources through the production of potent toxins. Furthermore, the frequency, duration, and distribution of cyanoHABs are increasing, and conditions that favor cyanobacteria growth are predicted to increase in the coming years. Current methods for mitigating cyanoHABs are generally short-lived and resource-intensive, and have negative impacts on non-target species. Cyanophages (viruses that specifically target cyanobacteria) have the potential to provide a highly specific control strategy with minimal impacts on non-target species and propagation in the environment. A detailed review (primarily up to 2020) of cyanophage lifecycle, diversity, and factors influencing infectivity is provided in this paper, along with a discussion of cyanophage and host cyanobacteria relationships for seven prominent cyanoHAB-forming genera in North America, including: Synechococcus, Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis, Planktothrix, and Lyngbya. Lastly, factors affecting the potential application of cyanophages as a cyanoHAB control strategy are discussed, including efficacy considerations, optimization, and scalability for large-scale applications.
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18
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Feng HR, Wang JA, Wang L, Jin JM, Wu SW, Zhou CC. Study on a novel omnidirectional ultrasonic cavitation removal system for Microcystis aeruginosa. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 86:106008. [PMID: 35468450 PMCID: PMC9046449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa, as a typical alga, produces microcystin with strong liver toxicity, seriously endangering the liver health of human and animals. Inhibiting the bloom of the Microcystis aeruginosa in lakes becomes a significant and meaningful work. Ultrasonic cavitation is currently considered to be the most environmentally friendly and effective method for the removal of Microcystis aeruginosa. However, the commercialized ultrasonic algae removal systems require multi-Langevin transducers to achieve omnidirectional ultrasonic irradiation due to the single irradiation direction of the Langevin transducer, resulting in the complex design and high energy consumption. To achieve a low-cost, simple structure, and high-efficiency algae removal system, a novel omnidirectional ultrasonic cavitation removal system for Microcystis aeruginosa is proposed. The proposed system is major composed of a novel omnidirectional ultrasonic transducer, which generates the omnidirectional ultrasonic irradiation by its shaking-head motion coupled by two orthogonal bending vibration modes. Modal simulation, sound field simulation, and cavitation bubble radius simulation are first carried out to optimize the geometric sizes of the proposed transducer and verify the correctness of the omnidirectional ultrasonic irradiation principle. Then the vibration characteristics of the transducer prototype are measured by vibration tests and impedance tests. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed omnidirectional ultrasonic removal system for Microcystis aeruginosa are evaluated through the algae removal experiments. The experimental results exhibit that the algal cells damaged by ultrasonic irradiation from the proposed system do not have the ability to self-repair. In addition, the algal removal rates reached 55.41% and 72.97% after 30 min of ultrasonic treatment when the corresponding ultrasonic densities are 0.014 W/mL and 0.021 W/mL, respectively. The proposed omnidirectional ultrasonic algae removal system significantly simplifies the configuration and reduces energy consumption, presenting the potential promise of algae removal and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ren Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Yudao 29, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jian-An Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Yudao 29, Nanjing 210016, China; AVIC Taiyuan Aero-Instruments Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Yudao 29, Nanjing 210016, China.
| | - Jia-Mei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Yudao 29, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Shu-Wen Wu
- Zhejiang Refine Environmental Technology, Corp. Ltd., Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Charles-C Zhou
- Zhejiang Refine Environmental Technology, Corp. Ltd., Wenzhou 325024, China
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19
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Fan G, Song Y, Xia M, You Y, Zou J, Wei Q. Photocatalytic inactivation of algae in a fluidized bed photoreactor with an external magnetic field. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 307:114552. [PMID: 35065381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Practical applications of photocatalysis in algae removal often involve the use of photoreactors, which can be of many different configurations. In this study, a fluidized bed photoreactor (FBPR) with an external magnetic field was designed and constructed to achieve algae inactivation continuously and stably. Magnetic photocatalyst ZnFe2O4/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 attached to Fe3O4 aggregate, was dispersed and fixed at the bottom of the reactor to form a flower-like structure, which can not only increase the effective irradiation area of the photocatalyst, but also enhances mass transfer by inducing flow disturbance. Under the optimal operating conditions, i.e., 0.04 m/s flow rate, 200 mT magnetic field strength, and 0.025 g photocatalyst loading, the photoreactor can effectively remove algae cells within 6 h. During the continuous operation experiment, the quality of the magnetic photocatalyst and aggregate did not decrease significantly, and there was still a 90% removal efficiency after 18 h of continuous operation. Furthermore, in the experiment where humic acid was added to simulate actual water environment, certain advantages can still be observed with the FBPR. As a continuous reactor using a magnetic photocatalyst, the FBPR has the characteristics of high availability, low cost, and low energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Yiqing Song
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Mingqian Xia
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Yifan You
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Jianyong Zou
- Anhui Urban Construction Design Institute Co. Ltd., 230051, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Wei
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
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20
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Liu M, Wei Y, Salam M, Yuan X, Liu B, He Q, Hu X, Li H, He Y. Potassium supplement enhanced cadmium removal in a Microcystis aeruginosa photobioreactor: Evidence from actual and simulated wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127719. [PMID: 34802826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a Microcystis aeruginosa-based photobioreactor (M. aeruginosa-based PBR) was developed for the removal of cadmium (Cd2+) from diluted actual mine wastewater (DW) and Cd2+-contained simulated wastewater (SW), with a uniform Cd2+ concentration of 0.5 mg/L. For the DW and SW, both K+ -abundant (DWA & SWA) and K+-insufficient (DWB & SWB) treatments were conducted. It was found that continuous supplementation of K+ benefited Cd2+ removal. The Cd2+ removal efficiency in SWA reached 70% during the 41 days of operation, which was 20% higher than that in the SWB. The K+ addition triggered great higher Cd2+ removal efficiency (90%) in the DWA in comparison to the SWA. The Cd2+ assimilation by M. aeruginosa and Cd2+ retention on M. aeruginosa surface were the primary processes involved in the PBR system. The K+ starvation triggered a 45% and 43% loss of M. aeruginosa biomass in the DWA and the DWB, respectively. Hence, the Cd2+ removal efficiency in DWB increased significantly, and this was attributed to the increased abundance of non-living cells and enhanced bioretention of Cd2+. The results revealed that continuous K+ supplementation enhanced the Cd2+ removal efficiency in the M. aeruginosa-based PBR jointly by prompting algal cell growth, Cd2+ assimilation and biosorption, as well as Cd2+ retention on the algal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Salam
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaobing Yuan
- The second Construction Engineering Co., Ltd of the third Bureau of China Construction Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Bingsheng Liu
- The second Construction Engineering Co., Ltd of the third Bureau of China Construction Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xuebin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yixin He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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21
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Wu D, Yang C, Zhang X, Hou X, Zhang S, Dai X, Zhang X, Igarashi Y, Luo F. Algicidal effect of tryptoline against Microcystis aeruginosa: Excess reactive oxygen species production mediated by photosynthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150719. [PMID: 34606873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms significantly decrease water quality and can damage ecosystems and, as such, require efficient control methods. Algicidal bacteria and their associated substances are promising tools for controlling cyanobacterial blooms; however, their specific algicidal mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the current study sought to investigate the algicidal mechanism of tryptoline (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9 h-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) against Microcystis aeruginosa, with a specific focus on the contribution made by reactive oxygen species (ROS), the underlying mechanisms of ROS increase, as well as the photosystem response. Results show that the algicidal ratio of tryptoline significantly and positively correlates with algal ROS. Moreover, 93.79% of the algicidal ratio variation is attributed to ROS in the tryptoline group, while only 47.75% can be attributed to ROS in the tryptoline + N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) group, where ROS are partially scavenged by NAC. In the presence of tryptoline, algicidal effect and ROS levels were significantly enhanced in the presence of light as compared to those in the dark (P < 0.001). Hence, the increase in ROS production attributed to tryptoline is primarily affected by the presence of light and photosynthesis. Additionally, tryptoline significantly reduces Fv/Fm, PIABS, ETo/RC, and the expression of psaB and psbA genes related to photosynthesis, while increasing Vj and DIo/RC (P < 0.05). These results suggest that tryptoline hinders algal photosynthesis by significantly decreasing photosynthetic efficiency and carbon assimilation, inhibiting photochemical electron transfer, and increasing closed reaction centers and energy loss. Moreover, following partial blockade of the photosynthetic electron transfer from QA to QB by diuron (3-(3-4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea), the ROS of algae exposed to tryptoline is significantly decreased. Thus, tryptoline inhibits electron transfer downstream of QA, which increase the number of escaping electron and thereby increase ROS generation. Collectively, this study describes the algicidal mechanism of tryptoline against M. aeruginosa and highlights the critical factors associated with induction of algicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Wu
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Caiyun Yang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xiping Hou
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xianzhu Dai
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yasuo Igarashi
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Feng Luo
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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22
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Kibuye FA, Zamyadi A, Wert EC. A critical review on operation and performance of source water control strategies for cyanobacterial blooms: Part II-mechanical and biological control methods. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 109:102119. [PMID: 34815024 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes current knowledge on mechanical (artificial mixing, hypolimnetic aeration, dredging, and sonication) and biological (biomanipulation, macrophytes, and straws) methods for the management of cyanobacterial blooms in drinking water sources. Emphasis has been given to (i) the mechanism of cyanobacterial control, (ii) successful and unsuccessful case studies, and (iii) factors influencing successful implementation. Most mechanical and biological control strategies offer long-term control. However, their application can be cost-prohibitive and treatment efficacy is influenced by source water geometry and continual nutrient inputs from external sources. When artificial mixing and hypolimnetic oxygenation units are optimized based on source water characteristics, observed water quality benefits included increased dissolved oxygen contents, reduced internal loading of nutrients, and lower concentrations of reduced ions . Treatment efficacy during oxygenation and aeration was derailed by excessive sedimentation of organic matter and sediment characteristics such as low Fe/P ratios. Dredging is beneficial for contaminated sediment removal, but it is too costly to be a practical bloom control strategy for most systems. Sonication control methods have contradictory findings requiring further research to evaluate the efficacy and applicability for field-scale control of cyanobacteria. Biological control methods such as biomanipulation offer long-term treatment benefits; however, investigations on the mechanisms of field-scale cyanobacterial control are still limited, particularly with the use of macrophytes and straws. Each control method has site-specific strengths, limitations, and ecological impacts. Reduction of external nutrient inputs should still be a significant focus of restoration efforts as treatment benefits from mechanical and biological control were commonly offset by continued nutrient inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A Kibuye
- Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193, United States.
| | - Arash Zamyadi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), 1G, Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia; Water Research Australia (WaterRA) Melbourne Based Position Hosted by Melbourne Water, 990 La Trobe St, Docklands VIC 3008, Australia
| | - Eric C Wert
- Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193, United States.
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Zhang X, Xia Y, Jia Y, Sukenik A, Kaplan A, Song C, Dai G, Bai F, Li L, Song L. Can Alkyl Quaternary Ammonium Cations Substitute H 2O 2 in Controlling Cyanobacterial Blooms-Laboratory and Mesocosm Studies. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112258. [PMID: 34835385 PMCID: PMC8619391 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitigation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms that constitute a serious threat to water quality, particularly in eutrophic water, such as in aquaculture, is essential. Thus, in this study, we tested the efficacy of selected cyanocides towards bloom control in laboratory and outdoor mesocosm experiments. Specifically, we focused on the applicability of a group of cationic disinfectants, alkyltrimethyl ammonium (ATMA) compounds and H2O2. The biocidal effect of four ATMA cations with different alkyl chain lengths was evaluated ex situ using Microcystis colonies collected from a fish pond. The most effective compound, octadecyl trimethyl ammonium (ODTMA), was further evaluated for its selectivity towards 24 cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae species, including Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Euglenozoa and Cryptophyta. The results indicated selective inhibition of cyanobacteria by ODTMA-Br (C18) on both Chroccocales and Nostocales, but a minor effect on Chlorophytes and Bacillariophytes. The efficacy of ODTMA-Br (C18) (6.4 μM) in mitigating the Microcystis population was compared with that of a single low dose of H2O2 treatments (117.6 μM). ODTMA-Br (C18) suppressed the regrowth of Microcystis for a longer duration than did H2O2. The results suggested that ODTMA-Br (C18) may be used as an effective cyanocide and that it is worth further evaluating this group of cationic compounds as a treatment to mitigate cyanobacterial blooms in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (C.S.); (F.B.); (L.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiruo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (C.S.); (F.B.); (L.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (C.S.); (F.B.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (L.S.)
| | - Assaf Sukenik
- The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, P.O. Box 447, Migdal 14950, Israel;
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
| | - Chanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (C.S.); (F.B.); (L.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guofei Dai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China;
| | - Fang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (C.S.); (F.B.); (L.L.)
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (C.S.); (F.B.); (L.L.)
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (C.S.); (F.B.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (L.S.)
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Zhang L, Yang J, Liu L, Wang N, Sun Y, Huang Y, Yang Z. Simultaneous removal of colonial Microcystis and microcystins by protozoa grazing coupled with ultrasound treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126616. [PMID: 34329078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Removal of harmful cyanobacteria is an extremely urgent task in global lake management and protection. Conventional measures are insufficient for simultaneously removing cyanobacteria and hazardous cyanotoxin, efficient and environmental-friendly measures are therefore particularly needed. Herbivorous protozoa have great potentials in controlling algae, however, large-sized colonial Microcystis is inedible for protozoa, which is a central problem to be solved. Therefore, in present study, a measure of protozoa grazing assisted by ultrasound was investigated in laboratory scale for eliminating harmful colonial Microcystis. The results showed that with ultrasound power and time increasing, the proportion of unicellular Microcystis increased significantly. With Ochromonas addition, approximately 80% of colonial Microcystis and microcystin was removed on day 4 under ultrasound power of 100 W for 15 min, while Ochromonas only reduced Microcystis by less than 20% without assistance of ultrasound. Moreover, when directly exposed to low-intensity ultrasound, Ochromonas showed strong resistance to ultrasound and were not inhibited in grazing Microcystis. Overall, ultrasound increases edible food for protozoa via collapsing Microcystis colonies and assists Ochromonas to remove Microcystis, thus intermittently collapsing colonial Microcystis using low-intensity ultrasound can significantly improve the removal efficiency of Microcystis by protozoa grazing, which provided a new insight in controlling harmful colonial Microcystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Leihong Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Na Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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25
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Characterization of Intracellular Structure Changes of Microcystis under Sonication Treatment by Polarized Light Scattering. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11080279. [PMID: 34436081 PMCID: PMC8393532 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial bloom is one of the most urgent global environmental issues, which eventually could threaten human health and safety. Sonication treatment (ST) is a potential effective method to control cyanobacteria blooms in the field. Currently, the bottleneck of extensive application of ST is the difficulty to estimate the ST effect on the cyanobacterial cells and then determine suitable ST times in the field. In this study, cyanobacterial Microcystis samples sonicated at different times were first measured by a spectrophotometer to calculate the removal efficiency of Microcystis cells. Additionally, they were observed by TEM to reveal the intracellular structure changes of the cells. Then the samples were measured by an experimental setup based on polarized light scattering to measure the polarization parameters. Experimental results indicated that the polarization parameters can effectively characterize the intracellular structural changes of Microcystis cells with different ST times, which is quite consistent with the results for removal efficiency and TEM images. Further, the optimal ST time can be inferred by the polarization parameters. These results demonstrate that polarized light scattering can be a potentially powerful tool to explore suitable times for sonication treatment of cyanobacteria blooms.
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Huang Y, Ding S, Li L, Liao Q, Chu W, Li H. Ultrasound-enhanced coagulation for Microcystis aeruginosa removal and disinfection by-product control during subsequent chlorination. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117334. [PMID: 34161875 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound techniques have gained increased interest in environmental remediation because of their promising performance and reagent-free nature. This study investigated the effects of ultrasound-coagulation on Microcystis aeruginosa removal, disinfection by-product (DBP) formation during subsequent chlorination, and acute toxicity and DBP-associated toxicity variations in chlorinated effluents. Compared with coagulation using polymeric aluminum chloride (5 mg-Al/L) alone, ultrasound-coagulation showed significantly enhanced turbidity removal, with the removal ratio increasing from 51% to 87%-96%. Although the addition of ultrasound may not substantially improve and even deteriorate the coagulation removal of DOC following the leakage of intracellular organic matter, the significantly improved DBP control was achieved as the cells dominated DBP formation. With the addition of ultrasound, the chlorine demand, aggregate DBP concentration and total organic halogen concentration reductions in the chlorinated M. aeruginosa solution increased from 15%, 47% and 52% (coagulation alone), respectively, to 56%-78%, 56%-80% and 68%-89%. The enhanced DBP mitigation was mainly attributed to the enhanced algal removal. Similarly, the acute toxicity and DBP-associated toxicity of chlorinated effluents further decreased from 100% and 0.0092 (coagulation alone) to 30%-88% and 0.0029-0.0060. Therefore, ultrasound-enhanced coagulation is a promising strategy for urgent algal removal, DBP mitigation and toxicity abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangrui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shunke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qingying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Huaizheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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27
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Huang Y, Li L, Luan X, Wei X, Li H, Gao N, Yao J. Ultrasound-enhanced coagulation for cyanobacterial removal: Effects of ultrasound frequency and energy density on coagulation performance, leakage of intracellular organic matters and toxicity. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117348. [PMID: 34167011 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-enhanced coagulation is capable of effectively removing algal cells in algae-laden water. However, study differences in ultrasound settings, algal cell conditions and coagulant properties complicate the accurate evaluation of this technique for practical applications. No study has yet compared algae (and algal organic matters) removal among different frequencies of ultrasound in the ultrasound-coagulation process. In this study, the ultrasound at three typical frequencies, 29.4, 470 and 780 kHz, were applied for this purpose. The results showed that high-frequency ultrasound at 470 and 780 kHz had substantially greater improvement of coagulation than low-frequency ultrasound at 29.4 kHz (For example, the turbidity removal at 1 mg-Al/L of polymeric aluminum chloride increased by 204.2%, 571.9% and 563.2% under 29.4, 470 and 780 kHz ultrasound-coagulation, respectively, at 3.42 J/mL). Algal cells exhibited irreversible physical damage and the release of intracellular organic matters (such as odorous compounds) under low-frequency ultrasound with energy densities ≥ 3.42 J/mL, whereas high-frequency ultrasound was characterized by nonviolent impairment, including oxidative degradation and gas vacuole destruction (particularly reversible) resulting from ultrasound-induced radicals and cell resonance, respectively. Avoiding the severe destruction of algal cells is crucial for minimizing the toxicity and secondary pollution of the treated water. To achieve satisfactory removal, protected safety and better economy, the optimal energy density for each frequency was also determined. The findings from the analyses of the laboratory-cultured sample were confirmed via real eutrophic surface water. This study provides new insights and guidance for the ongoing study of harmful algal removal by ultrasound-enhanced coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangrui Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xinmiao Luan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinmin Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huaizheng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Naiyun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Juanjuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Regions Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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28
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Sha J, Xiong H, Li C, Lu Z, Zhang J, Zhong H, Zhang W, Yan B. Harmful algal blooms and their eco-environmental indication. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129912. [PMID: 33979937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater lakes and oceans date back to as early as the 19th century, which can cause the death of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. However, it was not until the end of the 20th century that researchers had started to pay attention to the hazards and causes of HABs. In this study, we analyzed 5720 published literatures on HABs studies in the past 30 years. Our review presents the emerging trends in the past 30 years on HABs studies, the environmental and human health risks, prevention and control strategies and future developments. Therefore, this review provides a global perspective of HABs and calls for immediate responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sha
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; School of Tourism and Resource Environment, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Haiyan Xiong
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35924, United States
| | - Jichao Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lu L, Niu X, Zhang D, Ma J, Zheng X, Xiao H, Huang X, Lin Z, Hu H. The algicidal efficacy and the mechanism of Enterobacter sp. EA-1 on Oscillatoria dominating in aquaculture system. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111105. [PMID: 33839120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The global escalation and intensification of cyanobacterial blooms require powerful algaecides. This study investigated the algicidal efficacy and mechanism of EA-1 against Oscillatoria. Bacteria EA-1, identified as Enterobacter, was isolated with high algicidal activity against harmful cyanobacteria. Results showed that a complete removal of Oscillatoria was observed within 3 days with the initial Chl-a concentration of 1.74 mg/L. Physiological responses of Oscillatoria revealed that EA-1 induced severe lipid peroxidation and the ultimate decline of antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, the contents for both intracellular protein and carbohydrate of each algae cell increased first and then decreased. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis clarified that the possible process of Oscillatoria lysis included the breach of cross wall, followed by the disruption of photosynthetic membrane and incipient nucleus, and the ultimate outflow of inclusion. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis illustrated the degradation process of incipient nucleus in Oscillatoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China.
| | - Jinling Ma
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoxian Zheng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Huaping Xiao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xuyin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Huijian Hu
- Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, PR China
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30
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Xiang R, Wang L, Li H, Tian Z, Zheng B. Temporal and spatial variation in water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir from 1998 to 2018. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144866. [PMID: 33434798 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) underwent staged impoundment of water from 135 m to 175 m between 2003 and 2010. Periodic water impoundment was divided into drainage (March to early June), low water level (June to August), impoundment (September to October), and high water level (November to February) period. However, the impact of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) and staged impoundment on water quality, especially in the long term, remains unclear. Herein, hydrological, pollution load, nutrient, and biochemical indices were determined for the TGR during 1998-2018. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index, a K-means clustering algorithm, and the Mann-Kendall (MK) test were applied to this data to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of water quality. The results show that water quality was good overall, but it before the full impoundment stage (2010) was worse than after that. The low water level period had the worst water quality among the four periods, and spatially, midstream was worst. Among water quality indices, the median total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were in the range of 1.505-2.303 and 0.071-0.176 mg/L, respectively, and these were the key pollution indices. In addition, due to differences in hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions, and the regional distribution of pollution sources, water quality in the TGR displayed temporal and spatial heterogeneity. TN, TP, potassium permanganate index (CODMn), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were maximal during the low water level period, and TN, TP and E. coli were highest in midstream. MK test results revealed that nutrients pollution became worse midstream, and a gradual increase in TP caused severe algal blooms downstream. Therefore, nutritional water treatment and non-point source pollution control should be the focus of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zebin Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Binghui Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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31
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Improving the degradation of low concentration of microcystin-LR with PEM electrolyzers and photo-electrolyzers. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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32
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Yao J, Zhang H, Chen L, Liu W, Gao N, Liu S, Chen X, Rao F. The Roles of Sono-induced Nitrosation and Nitration in the Sono-degradation of Diphenylamine in Water: Mechanisms, Kinetics and Impact Factors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123720. [PMID: 33254758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential risks of sono-induced nitrosation and nitration side reactions and consequent toxic nitrogenous byproducts were first investigated via sono-degradation of diphenylamine (DPhA) in this study. The kinetic models for overall DPhA degradation and the formation of nitrosation byproduct (N-nitrosodiphenylamine, NDPhA) and nitration byproducts (2-nitro-DPhA and 4-nitro-DPhA) were well established and fitted (R2 > 0.98). Nitrosation contributed much more than nitration (namely, 43.3 - 47.3 times) to the sono-degradation of DPhA. The contribution of sono-induced nitrosation ranged from 0.4 to 56.6% at different conditions. The maximum NDPhA formation rate and the contribution of sono-induced nitrosation were obtained at 600 and 200 kHz, respectively, as ultrasonic frequencies at 200 to 800 kHz. Both NDPhA formation rate and the contribution of sono-induced nitrosation increased with increasing power density, while decreased with increasing initial pH and DPhA concentration. PO43-, HCO3-, NH4+ and Fe2+ presented negative impacts on sono-induced nitrosation in order of HCO3- >> Fe2+ > PO43- > NH4+, while Br- exhibited a promoting effect. The mechanism of NDPhA formation via sono-induced nitrosation was first proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Regions Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Regions Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Longfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Regions Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Regions Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Regions Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Regions Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Fanghui Rao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Regions Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
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Tan X, Duan Z, Duan P, Parajuli K, Newman J, Shu X, Zhang D, Gao L, Li M. Flocculation of Microcystis unicells induced by pH regulation: Mechanism and potential application. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127708. [PMID: 33296998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In water treatment process, Microcystis colonies can be effectively removed by coagulants. However, the use of popular coagulants could cause adverse health effects in humans or increase the amount of sludge. Meanwhile, Microcystis unicells are much more difficult to remove than colonies, due to their small size and dispersed distribution. This study proposed and analyzed the flocculation of Microcystis unicells induced by pH regulation. The particle size, zeta potential, cell viability and integrity, cytochemical changes, and cell-to-cell connections were recorded during pH regulation. Results showed that when pH was adjusted in the range of 2.5 to 2 by HCl (1.2 M), Microcystis unicells aggregated to form flocs as large as 28 μm, which are easy to remove by filtration or sedimentation. The overwhelming majority of cells were intact and inactivated in the optimal pH range (2.5-2). Thus, pH regulation is an environment-friendly and cost-effective method to remove Microcystis unicells, which can be potentially applied to water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Zhipeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Pengfei Duan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Keshab Parajuli
- School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Denistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Newman
- School of Civil Environment & Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Xiaoqian Shu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Li Gao
- South East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang, 473061, China; College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Wang J, Wan Y, Yue S, Ding J, Xie P, Wang Z. Simultaneous Removal of Microcystis aeruginosa and 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol by UV/Persulfate Process. Front Chem 2020; 8:591641. [PMID: 33330378 PMCID: PMC7673307 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.591641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UV/persulfate (UV/PS) could effectively degrade algal cells and micro-organic pollutants. This process was firstly applied to remove Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) simultaneously in bench scale. Algal cells can be efficiently removed after 120 min reaction accompanied with far quicker removal of the coexisted TCP, which could be totally removed within 5 min in the UV/PS process. Both SO4•- and HO• were responsible for algal cells and TCP degradation, while SO4•- and HO• separately dominated TCP degradation and algal cells removal. Apart from the role of radicals (SO4•- and HO•) for algal cells and TCP degradation, UV also played a role to some extent. Increased PS dose (0–4.5 mM) or UV intensity (2.71–7.82 mW/cm2) could enhance the performance of the UV/PS process in both TCP and algae removal. Although some intracellular organic matters can be released to the outside of algal cells due to the cell lysis, they can be further degraded by UV/PS process, which was inhibited by the presence of TCP. This study suggested the good potential of the UV/PS process in the simultaneous removal of algal cells and micro-organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyang Yue
- School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Durham, NC, United States.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liu P, Zhou J, Hong Y, Xie X. Electric-field enhanced microalgae inactivation using a flow-through copper ionization cell. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123320. [PMID: 32947717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using copper (Cu) to treat algal blooms is a commonly accepted method worldwide. However, the release of Cu may cause environmental and health risk. It is required to exploit an efficient way to reduce the Cu concentration but improve the algicidal effectiveness. Here, a Cu ionization cell (CIC) was designed and utilized in a flow-through system for inactivation of two bloom-forming microalgae species, Chlorella vulgaris and Microcystis aeruginosa. The results showed that the in-situ Cu release in the CIC treatment cause efficient microalgae inactivation. The 96 h-growth inhibition for C. vulgaris and M. aeruginosa reached 98.5 ± 3.1 % and 75.9 ± 2.0 % at a flow rate of 5 mL/min with the effluent Cu concentration of 554 ± 9 μg/L and 613 ± 17 μg/L, respectively. The maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) inhibitions of C. vulgaris and M. aeruginosa were 37.0 ± 1.6 % and 70.9 ± 2.1 %. The electric field enhanced CIC treatment has a locally higher Cu level because of the in-situ release. The CIC improved the microalgae inactivation performance by increasing the microalgae cell membrane permeability with excessive Cu uptake. The energy consumption was only 16.8 J/L. The in-situ Cu treatment in this work provides a microalgae inactivation method with the more environment-friendly and cost-effective prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirui Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
| | - Yu Hong
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Xing Xie
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States.
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Huang YR, Li L, Wei XM, Li HZ, Zeng JY, Kuang R. An investigation of mechanisms for the enhanced coagulation removal of Microcystis aeruginosa by low-frequency ultrasound under different ultrasound energy densities. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 69:105278. [PMID: 32738454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of studies elaborating the differences in mechanisms of low-frequency ultrasound-enhanced coagulation for algae removal among different ultrasound energy densities, which are essential to optimizing the economy of the ultrasound technology for practical application. The performance and mechanisms of low-frequency ultrasound (29.4 kHz, horn type, maximum output amplitude = 10 μm) -coagulation process in removing a typical species of cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa, at different ultrasound energy densities were studied based on a set of comprehensive characterization approaches. The turbidity removal ratio of coagulation (with polymeric aluminum salt coagulant at a dosage of 4 mg Al/L) was considerably increased from 44.1% to 59.7%, 67.0%, and 74.9% with 30 s of ultrasonic pretreatment at energy densities of 0.6, 1.11, and 2.22 J/mL, respectively, indicating that low-frequency ultrasound-coagulation is a potential alternative to effectively control unexpected blooms of M. aeruginosa. However, the energy density of ultrasound should be deliberately considered because a high energy density (≥18 J/mL) results in a significant release of algal organic matter, which may threaten water quality security. The specific mechanisms for the enhanced coagulation removal by low-frequency ultrasonic pretreatment under different energy densities can be summarized as the reduction of cell activity (energy density ≥ 0.6 J/mL), the slight release of negatively charged algal organic matter from cells (energy density ≥ 1.11 J/mL), and the aggregation of M. aeruginosa cells (energy density ≥ 1.11 J/mL). This study provides new insights for the ongoing study of ultrasonic pretreatment for the removal of algae via coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Rui Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Lei Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xin-Min Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huai-Zheng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Juan-Yan Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rui Kuang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Peng Y, Zhang Z, Wang M, Shi X, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Kong Y. Inactivation of harmful Anabaena flos-aquae by ultrasound irradiation: Cell disruption mechanism and enhanced coagulation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 69:105254. [PMID: 32707459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms pose a potential threat to the safety of drinking water sources. Ultrasound is an effective method for algae removal. However, this method can lead to the release of algal organic matter and the effects and toxic mechanisms of ultrasound on Anabaena are still poorly understood. The destruction mechanism of Anabaena flos-aquae cells under different ultrasonic conditions, the safety of intracellular organic matter (IOM) release to water and the enhanced coagulation efficiency of ultrasound were studied. Results showed that high-frequency ultrasound was effective in breaking down algae cells. After 10 min ultrasonication at 20 kHz, 5 min at 740 kHz and 1 min at 1120 kHz, the algae cells were inactivated and algae growth was halted. Ultrasound radiation can lead to the release of IOM, primarily chlorophyll a and phycocyanin, followed by some tryptophan and humic substances, polysaccharides, and proteins. The sonicated ribosomes were considerably reduced, and the antioxidant system of cells was also damaged to some extent. The coagulation effect of algae cells was substantially improved after ultrasonication. Thus, the safety of algae cell removal could be improved by controlling the changes in physiological structure and IOM release of algae cells by adjusting the ultrasound parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Min Wang
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Xueping Shi
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yuan Kong
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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Improved Cyanobacteria Removal from Harmful Algae Blooms by Two-Cycle, Low-Frequency, Low-Density, and Short-Duration Ultrasonic Radiation. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algae blooms (HAB) in eutrophic lakes and rivers have become serious water quality problems that are difficult to eliminate using common methods. Previous research has demonstrated that powerful ultrasound can somewhat control cyanobacteria in HABs; however, effective and energy-efficient settings for ultrasonic parameters have not yet been rigorously determined. The results of this study showed that the effect of cyanobacteria removal was enhanced with ultrasonic frequencies, densities, and radiation durations of 20–90 kHz, 0.0005–0.1 W/mL and 0.5–10 min, respectively. Our analyses further demonstrated that the effective distance of ultrasound decreased with increasing frequency, and that damaged algae cells were able to repair themselves at low ultrasonic densities. To address the high energy consumption and small effective distance of conventional ultrasonic radiation treatments, we proposed a new cyanobacteria removal method based on two applications of low-frequency, low-density and short-duration ultrasonic radiation. We defined the energy effectiveness factors of ultrasonic radiation for algae removal as the algae removal rate divided by ultrasonic dosage. This method yielded an 87.6% cyanobacteria removal and the highest energy effectiveness factor, suggesting that two cycles of treatment provide a low-energy method for enhancing existing algae-removing technologies used in large bodies of water.
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Li J, Liao R, Tao Y, Zhuo Z, Liu Z, Deng H, Ma H. Probing the Cyanobacterial Microcystis Gas Vesicles after Static Pressure Treatment: A Potential In Situ Rapid Method. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20154170. [PMID: 32727053 PMCID: PMC7435630 DOI: 10.3390/s20154170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The vertical migration trend of cyanobacterial cells with gas vesicles in water ecosystems can reflect the changes in the natural environment, such as temperature, nutrients, light conditions, etc. The static pressure treatment is one of the most important approaches to study the properties of the cyanobacterial cell and its gas vesicles. In this paper, a polarized light scattering method is used to probe the collapse and regeneration of the cyanobacterial gas vesicles exposed to different static pressures. During the course, both the axenic and wild type strain of cyanobacterial Microcystis were first treated with different static pressures and then recovered on the normal light conditions. Combining the observation of transmission electron microscopy and floating-sinking photos, the results showed that the collapse and regeneration of the cyanobacterial gas vesicles exposed to different static pressures can be characterized by the polarization parameters. The turbidity as a traditional indicator of gas vesicles but subjected to the concentration of the sample was also measured and found to be correlated with the polarization parameters. More analysis indicated that the polarization parameters are more sensitive and characteristic. The polarized light scattering method can be used to probe the cyanobacterial gas vesicles exposed to different static pressures, which has the potential to provide an in situ rapid and damage-free monitoring tool for observing the vertical migration of cyanobacterial cells and forecasting cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Ran Liao
- Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-755-869-75-301
| | - Yi Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Zepeng Zhuo
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Zhidi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Hanbo Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Responses of Phormidium ambiguum and Microcystis aeruginosa Under Diurnally Varying Light Conditions. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060890. [PMID: 32545576 PMCID: PMC7357134 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two harmful cyanobacteria species (Phormidium ambiguum and Microcystis aeruginosa) were exposed to diurnal light-intensity variation to investigate their favorable and stressed phases during a single day. The photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) started at 0 µmol·m−2·s−1 (06:00 h), increased by ~25 µmol·m−2·s−1 or ~50 µmol·m−2·s−1 every 30 min, peaking at 300 µmol·m−2·s−1 or 600 µmol·m−2·s−1 (12:00 h), and then decreased to 0 µmol·m−2·s−1 (by 18:00 h). The H2O2 and antioxidant activities were paralleled to light intensity. Higher H2O2 and antioxidant levels (guaiacol peroxidase, catalase (CAT), and superoxidase dismutase) were observed at 600 µmol·m−2·s−1 rather than at 300 µmol·m−2·s−1. Changes in antioxidant levels under each light condition differed between the species. Significant correlations were observed between antioxidant activities and H2O2 contents for both species, except for the CAT activity of P. ambiguum at 300 µmol·m−2·s−1. Under each of the conditions, both species responded proportionately to oxidative stress. Even under maximum light intensities (300 µmol·m−2·s−1 or 600 µmol·m−2·s−1 PAR intensity), neither species was stressed. Studies using extended exposure durations are warranted to better understand the growth performance and long-term physiological responses of both species.
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Hill AM, Salmond GPC. Microbial gas vesicles as nanotechnology tools: exploiting intracellular organelles for translational utility in biotechnology, medicine and the environment. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2020; 166:501-509. [PMID: 32324529 PMCID: PMC7376271 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A range of bacteria and archaea produce gas vesicles as a means to facilitate flotation. These gas vesicles have been purified from a number of species and their applications in biotechnology and medicine are reviewed here. Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 gas vesicles have been engineered to display antigens from eukaryotic, bacterial and viral pathogens. The ability of these recombinant nanoparticles to generate an immune response has been quantified both in vitro and in vivo. These gas vesicles, along with those purified from Anabaena flos-aquae and Bacillus megaterium, have been developed as an acoustic reporter system. This system utilizes the ability of gas vesicles to retain gas within a stable, rigid structure to produce contrast upon exposure to ultrasound. The susceptibility of gas vesicles to collapse when exposed to excess pressure has also been proposed as a biocontrol mechanism to disperse cyanobacterial blooms, providing an environmental function for these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - George P. C. Salmond
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
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Peng Y, Zhang Z, Kong Y, Li Y, Zhou Y, Shi X, Shi X. Effects of ultrasound on Microcystis aeruginosa cell destruction and release of intracellular organic matter. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 63:104909. [PMID: 31945559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms negatively impact ecosystems and threaten drinking water sources. One potential method to effectively counteract algal blooms is ultrasonication. However, ultrasonication can easily lead to the release of intracellular organic matter (IOM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the destruction of algal cells and IOM release at different ultrasound frequencies. Microcystis aeruginosa cells were ultrasonicated at 20 kHz with an intensity of 0.038 W/mL, 740 kHz with an intensity of 0.113 W/mL, and 1120 kHz with an intensity of 0.108 W/mL. The IOM release was detected by fluorescence spectroscopy in addition to the more commonly used haemocytometry and optical density. After ultrasonication for 15 min, the removal rate of algal cells reached 10.5% at 20 kHz, 9.46% at 740 kHz, and 35.4% at 1120 kHz. The 20 kHz and 740 kHz ultrasound caused local damage to algal cells and then disrupted them, whereas the 1120 kHz ultrasound directly disrupted most algal cells. The extracellular organic matter (EOM), which was increased by ultrasonication, mainly consisted of protein-like compounds, chlorophyll, and a small amount of humic-like substances. Gas vacuoles had been destructed before the cells were broken, as indicated by the decrease of cell size and the wrinkles on the cell surface. Moreover, the removal of algae cells while upholding integrity is more conducive to the safety of the water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Yuan Kong
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yitao Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xingdong Shi
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xueping Shi
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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Li W, Qi W, Chen J, Zhou W, Li Y, Sun Y, Ding K. Effective removal of fluorescent microparticles as Cryptosporidium parvum surrogates in drinking water treatment by metallic membrane. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Harmful algal blooms under changing climate and constantly increasing anthropogenic actions: the review of management implications. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:449. [PMID: 31832296 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review reports all management approaches (physical, chemical, and biological) traditionally adopted in mitigating the global impact of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs). It recognizes that each mitigation strategy shows characteristic associated limitations and notes that no remedial step has provided a sustainable solution to HABs on a global scale. It emphasizes that the putative anthropogenic N&P inputs reduction through improved wastewater treatment and regulation of point and non-point sources-agricultural fertilizers only offer a short term solution. These approaches are rather preventive than curative hence, do not address concerns relating to the recovery of already-eutrophic and hypereutrophic systems. It raises new concerns on the implications of non-agricultural pollutants such as hydrocarbon fractions in bloom accretions often neglected while addressing HAB triggers. It also accesses the global impacts of HABs as it pertains to socio-economic implications in the geographically diverse world. It, therefore, proposes that Integrated Management Intervention involving the merging of two or more mitigation steps be administered across the aquatic continua as a prudent management solution to complement the current N&P dual management paradigm. It stresses that the contemporaneous adoption of management options with both preventive and curative measures is a key to sustainable HAB management. This review provides sufficient advances and current scenarios for approaching cyanoHABs. Further, it advocates that future research perspectives tackle the mitigation design beyond the short-term nutrient regulations and the parochial attention to the point and non-point N&P input sources.
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Peng L, Lei L, Xiao L, Han B. Cyanobacterial removal by a red soil-based flocculant and its effect on zooplankton: an experiment with deep enclosures in a tropical reservoir in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30663-30674. [PMID: 29946840 PMCID: PMC6828625 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As one kind of cheap, environmentally-friendly and efficient treatment materials for direct control of cyanobacterial blooms, modified clays have been widely concerned. The present study evaluated cyanobaterial removal by a red soil-based flocculant (RSBF) with a large enclosure experiment in a tropical mesotrophic reservoir, in which phytoplankton community was dominated by Microcystis spp. and Anabaena spp. The flocculant was composed of red soil, chitosan and FeCl3. Twelve enclosures were used in the experiment: three replicates for each of one control and three treatments RSBF15 (15 mg FeCl3 l-1), RSBF25 (25 mg FeCl3 l-1), and RSBF35 (35 mg FeCl3 l-1). The results showed that the red soil-based flocculant can significantly remove cyanobacterial biomass and reduce concentrations of nutrients including total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate. Biomass of Microcystis spp. and Anabaena spp. was reduced more efficiently (95%) than other filamentous cyanobacteria (50%). In the RSBF15 treatment, phytoplankton biomass recovered to the level of the control group after 12 days and cyanobacteria quickly dominated. Phytoplankton biomass in the RSBF25 treatment also recovered after 12 days, but green algae co-dominated with cyanobacteria. A much later recovery of phytoplankton until the day of 28 was observed under RSBF35 treatment, and cyanobacteria did no longer dominate the phytoplankton community. The application of red soil-based flocculant greatly reduces zooplankton, especially rotifers, however, Copepods and Cladocera recovered fast. Generally, the red soil-based flocculant can be effective for urgent treatments at local scales in cyanobacteria dominating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lamei Lei
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Boping Han
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Zupanc M, Pandur Ž, Stepišnik Perdih T, Stopar D, Petkovšek M, Dular M. Effects of cavitation on different microorganisms: The current understanding of the mechanisms taking place behind the phenomenon. A review and proposals for further research. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 57:147-165. [PMID: 31208610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A sudden decrease in pressure triggers the formation of vapour and gas bubbles inside a liquid medium (also called cavitation). This leads to many (key) engineering problems: material loss, noise, and vibration of hydraulic machinery. On the other hand, cavitation is a potentially useful phenomenon: the extreme conditions are increasingly used for a wide variety of applications such as surface cleaning, enhanced chemistry, and wastewater treatment (bacteria eradication and virus inactivation). Despite this significant progress, a large gap persists between the understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the effects of cavitation and its application. Although engineers are already commercializing devices that employ cavitation, we are still not able to answer the fundamental question: What precisely are the mechanisms how bubbles can clean, disinfect, kill bacteria and enhance chemical activity? The present paper is a thorough review of the recent (from 2005 onward) work done in the fields of cavitation-assisted microorganism's destruction and aims to serve as a foundation to build on in the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Zupanc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Pandur
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Stepišnik Perdih
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Stopar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Petkovšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Dular
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Kong Y, Peng Y, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Duan Z. Removal of Microcystis aeruginosa by ultrasound: Inactivation mechanism and release of algal organic matter. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 56:447-457. [PMID: 31101283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of ultrasonic irradiation for removal of Microcystis aeruginosa and release of algal organic matter (AOM) was investigated under different ultrasound conditions, including ultrasonic frequency, power density, and time. Laboratory results suggested that the ultrasonic efficiency and the release of AOM were influenced by frequency, power density, and time. The mechanism of AOM algae removal by ultrasound was systematically explored. The inactivation of algae resulted from mechanical and chemical effects caused by ultrasound. Mechanical destruction and free-radical oxidation considerably affected the structure and physiological function of algal cells. The SEM and TEM images indicated that ultrasound could damage the cell membrane, wall, and organelle. Flow cell cytometry results showed decreases in the size, internal granularity, integrity, and activity of algal cells, revealing that ultrasound exerted severe damage to the structure and function of algal cells. The activity of the antioxidant system of algal cells was then studied by investigating changes in MDA, SOD, and CAT concentration after ultrasound to confirm the inactivation of the cells. The release of AOM was explored by determining changes in water quality indices (UV254, DOC, and SUVA) at 10 min and 48 h after ultrasound. This study provides information about the safety of ultrasound usage on algae removal and references for ultrasonic parameters to be selected to ensure effective and safe algae removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yazhou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Zhuang Duan
- Zhuhai Planning and Design Institute, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
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Li Y, Shi X, Zhang Z, Peng Y. Enhanced coagulation by high-frequency ultrasound in Microcystis aeruginosa-laden water: Strategies and mechanisms. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 55:232-242. [PMID: 30712852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic treatment has attracted much attention because of its physical and chemical effects that are distinct from those of chemical agents. In particularly, high-frequency ultrasound is known as an effective method because the theoretical resonance frequency of the gas vesicles in Microcystis aeruginosa is in the high frequency range (>100 kHz), which causes gas vesicles collapse and changes the settleability of the algal cells. In this work, the effects of the ultrasonic frequency, acoustic power density and duration on enhancing coagulation to remove turbidity in algae-laden water were studied. In order to explain the mechanism, the morphology of algae cells, the changes in extracellular organic substances, the zeta potential and the formation of hydroxyl radicals were analyzed systematically. Finally, Zeta potentials and flocs morphology after adding PAC were investigated to verify the mechanism. The results showed that the frequency exhibited fewer effects than power and duration on coagulation. SEM images showed that there were more severe cellular damages at 430 and 740 kHz than other frequencies. Sonication could cause the collapse of gas vesicle inside the cell, which was due to the instantaneous high pressure generated by the ultrasonic cavitation instead of the resonance. Furthermore, sonication would result in an increase in proteins in extracellular organic matter (EOM) with continuous ultrasonic irradiation, indicating that a small amount of proteins could promote coagulation and that the accumulation of proteins would inhibit coagulation. Free radical content testing showed that the production of excessive free radicals was often accompanied by a deterioration of the coagulation. The proper mechanical effects were the main mechanism of ultrasonic enhanced coagulation. Thus, it was recommended that the appropriate ultrasonic condition was the one that resulted in a small amount of protein leakage and little generation of free radicals, which occurred at 740 kHz and 0.02 W/mL in approximately 5 min, and would significantly enhance the turbidity removal rate in algae-containing water from approximately 80-90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Faculty of Urban Construction and Environment Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xingdong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Faculty of Urban Construction and Environment Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Faculty of Urban Construction and Environment Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Yazhou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Faculty of Urban Construction and Environment Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400045, China
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Park J, Son Y, Lee WH. Variation of efficiencies and limits of ultrasonication for practical algal bloom control in fields. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 55:8-17. [PMID: 31084794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Algal blooms are an increasing issue in managing water resources for drinking water production and recreational activities in many countries. Among various techniques, ultrasonication is known as a cost-effective method for control of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in relatively large area of water bodies. Most of engineering parameters for operating ultrasonication have been empirically determined based on laboratory scale tests, however, field or pilot tests in real environments are still rare. For field application, duration of ultrasonication is often on a monthly basis which is impractical for stream where there is flow and thus retention time is short. More realistic experimental approaches are required for practical applications of ultrasound. In this study, relatively low frequencies (36-175 kHz) of ultrasonication with low power intensity, less than 650 W, were tested for algal control in various pilot (100-750 L) and field (4 m3) tests in a short duration (<20 min). Generally, rapid decline of sound pressure (Pa) of ultrasonication was observed with distance (80% decrease even with 0.5 m difference). In a pilot test (100 L), the highest algae reduction was achieved at 36 kHz with 0.003 W mL-1 of power density within 10 min duration, but there was a noticeable increase in microcystin due to damaged algal cells by the low frequency of ultrasound. In a short-term operation without flow, distance from the ultrasound system was an important parameter for effective algae reduction, while longer exposure time ensured sufficient algae reduction. In a circulation pond (4 m3) with flow, 108 kHz-450 W showed the greatest efficiency in algal control and approximately 50-90% algal cells reduction was observed at 36-175 kHz with less than 650 W power and 60 min duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsu Park
- Water Quality Research Center, Korea Water Resources Corporation, Daejeon 34350, South Korea
| | - Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, South Korea
| | - Woo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2450, USA.
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Xie J, Chen Y, Duan X, Feng L, Yan Y, Wang F, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhou Q. Activated carbon promotes short-chain fatty acids production from algae during anaerobic fermentation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:1131-1138. [PMID: 30677977 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline pH was beneficial for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production from algae during anaerobic fermentation. This study focused on the effects of activated carbon on SCFAs production from algae during alkaline anaerobic fermentation. When activated carbon was present at 0.5 g/L, the maximum production of SCFAs was 4875 mg COD/L, which was nearly 2.4 times that of the control (2026 mg/L). Moreover, the fermentation time required for the highest SCFAs production was shortened from 6 d in the control to 4 d with activated carbon. Mechanism exploration revealed that solubilization and hydrolysis of algae as well as activities of key hydrolases and quantities of encoding genes were improved in the presence of activated carbon, which provided more proteins and carbohydrates for acid-forming bacteria. More importantly, the electron transfer among microorganisms in the algae fermentation systems was enhanced by activated carbon, contributing to improvement of the SCFAs yield and reduction of fermentation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Leiyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Shanghai Urban Construction Design & Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., 3447 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Zhenguang Zhang
- Shanghai Road and Bridge group Co., Ltd., 36 Guoke Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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