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Lu C, Lv Y, Meng X, Yang T, Liu Y, Kou G, Yang X, Luo J. The potential toxic effects of estrogen exposure on neural and vascular development in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116862. [PMID: 39128450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Estrogens and estrogenic chemicals are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The potential toxicity of EDCs to humans and aquatic organisms has become increasingly concerning. However, at present, the potential toxic mechanisms of EDCs on neural and vascular development are still being fully investigated. During the study, we utilized zebrafish to assess the developmental neural and vascular toxicity of different estrogens. The results indicated that zebrafish treated with different estrogens, especially E2, exhibit developmental malformations, including increased mortality, decreased body length, decreased heart rate, aberrant swimming behavior, and increased developmental malformations, including spinal curvature (SC), yolk edema (YE) and pericaidial edema (PE), in a dose-dependent manner with 72 h-treated. Further morphological evaluation revealed that E2 exposure significantly induced motor neural abnormalities in zebrafish embryos. In addition, treated with these three estrogens also impaired the vascular development in the early stage of zebrafish embryos. Mechanistically, the identification of downstream factors revealed that several key neural and vascular development-related genes, including syn2a, gfap, gap43, shha, kdr, flt1 and flt4, were transcriptionally downregulated after estrogen exposure in zebrafish, suggesting that estrogen exposure might cause neural and vascular toxicity by interfering the mRNA levels of genes relevant to neural and vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiao Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technique for Biotherapy of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yuhang Lv
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technique for Biotherapy of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technique for Biotherapy of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technique for Biotherapy of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technique for Biotherapy of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Guanhua Kou
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technique for Biotherapy of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technique for Biotherapy of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Juanjuan Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technique for Biotherapy of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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2
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Ashrafi R, Westermark A, Leppänen MT, Vehniäinen ER. Female-Biased Sex Ratios and Delayed Puberty in Two Fish Species with Different Ecologies in an Anthropogenically Affected Urban Lake. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119844. [PMID: 39214489 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) pose a growing concern for their potential adverse effects on fish reproduction and development. In lake Pyhäjärvi, located in the urban boreal region of Tampere, Finland, a significant number of sexually immature pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) individuals have been identified in size and age categories that are expected to be sexually mature. To explore if this phenomenon is attributed to estrogenic endocrine disruption, we conducted a comprehensive study comparing fish from lake Pyhäjärvi with those from a nearby reference lake, lake Näsijärvi. Roach (Rutilus rutilus), known for its susceptibility to EDCs, was also included for comparison. We examined various parameters in both pikeperch and roach, including size, condition factor, age, reproductive indicators, biometric indices and gonadal histology. We also assessed liver vitellogenin mRNA levels and genetic sex in roach, and measured estrogen levels in lake waters and wastewater treatment plant effluents. Results revealed that approximately one-third of fish in both species exhibited sexual immaturity in lake Pyhäjärvi, with a female-biased sex ratio. Surprisingly, we found no signs of estrogenic endocrine disruption, indicated by the absence of intersex fish in both species. Furthermore, vitellogenin levels in roach closely resembled those in the reference lake. Estrogens were undetectable in the lake waters, suggesting that factors other than estrogenic EDCs, including other potential endocrine disruptors such as PCBs or heavy metals, may be influencing delayed sexual maturity and skewed sex ratios. Further inquiry is needed to pinpoint these underlying causes. Our study provides essential baseline information on fish sexual development in lake Pyhäjärvi, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and research to understand delayed sexual maturity and biased sex ratios. This is vital given the increasing concern about EDC impacts on aquatic ecosystems and the necessity for effective management strategies to protect these ecosystems' health and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghaieh Ashrafi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | | | | | - Eeva-Riikka Vehniäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Biology, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
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3
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Wang C, Ning X, Wan N, Xu S, Jiang C, Bai Z, Ma J, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhuang X. Season and side-chain length affect the occurrences and behaviors of phthalic acid esters in wastewater treatment plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134934. [PMID: 38889463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants (EPs) are prevalent in aquatic environments globally. Researchers strive to understand their occurrence and behavior prior to their release into the environment. In this study, we examined five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), collected 50 wastewater samples and 10 sludge samples. We explored the sources and destinations of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) within these WWTPs using mass balance equations. Wastewater treatment diminished the frequency and concentration of PAEs, and decreased the fraction of short-chain PAEs. We confirmed the increased concentration of PAEs post-primary treatment and modified the mass balance equation. Calculations suggest that weaker "the mix" in winter than in summer and stronger sedimentation in winter than in summer resulted in high efficiency of PAEs removal by winter wastewater treatment. The mass flux of biodegradation was influenced by the combination of biodegradation efficiency and the strength of the particular type of PAEs collected, with no seasonal differences. Mass fluxes for sludge sedimentation were mainly influenced by season and were higher in winter than in summer. This study enhances our understanding of emerging pollutants in manual treatment facilities and offers insights for optimizing wastewater treatment methods for water professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Ning
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Na Wan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Cancan Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junyu Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xupo Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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4
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Liu ZH, Xia Y, Ai S, Wang HL. Health risks of Bisphenol-A exposure: From Wnt signaling perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118752. [PMID: 38513750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Human beings are routinely exposed to chronic and low dose of Bisphenols (BPs) due to their widely pervasiveness in the environment. BPs hold similar chemical structures to 17β-estradiol (E2) and thyroid hormone, thus posing threats to human health by rendering the endocrine system dysfunctional. Among BPs, Bisphenol-A (BPA) is the best-known and extensively studied endocrine disrupting compound (EDC). BPA possesses multisystem toxicity, including reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Particularly, the central nervous system (CNS), especially the developing one, is vulnerable to BPA exposure. This review describes our current knowledge of BPA toxicity and the related molecular mechanisms, with an emphasis on the role of Wnt signaling in the related processes. We also discuss the role of oxidative stress, endocrine signaling and epigenetics in the regulation of Wnt signaling by BPA exposure. In summary, dysfunction of Wnt signaling plays a key role in BPA toxicity and thus can be a potential target to alleviate EDCs induced damage to organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Yanzhou Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Shu Ai
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China.
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5
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Sommaggio LRD, Mazzeo DEC, Malvestiti JA, Dantas RF, Marin-Morales MA. Influence of ozonation and UV/H 2O 2 on the genotoxicity of secondary wastewater effluents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170883. [PMID: 38354810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The implementation of novel wastewater treatment technologies, including Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) such as ozonation and ultraviolet radiation (UV) combined with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), can be a promising strategy for enhancing the quality of these effluents. However, during effluent oxidation AOPs may produce toxic compounds that can compromise the water reuse and the receiving water body. Given this possibility, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of secondary effluents from two different Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) that were subjected to ozonation or UV/H2O2 for periods of 20 (T1) and 40 (T2) minutes. The genotoxic potential was carried out with the Comet assay (for clastogenic damage) and the Micronucleus assay (for clastogenic and aneugenic damage) in HepG2/C3A cell culture (metabolizing cell line). The results of the comet assay revealed a significant increase in tail intensity in the Municipal WWTP (dry period) effluents treated with UV/H2O2 (T1 and T2). MN occurrence was noted across all treatments in both Pilot and Municipal WWTP (dry period) effluents, whereas nuclear buds (NBs) were noted for all Pilot WWTP treatments and UV/H2O2 treatments of Municipal WWTP (dry period). Moreover, the UV/H2O2 (T1) treatment of Municipal WWTP (dry period) exhibited a noteworthy incidence of multiple alterations per cell (MN + NBs). These findings imply that UV/H2O2 treatment demonstrates higher genotoxic potential compared to ozonation. Furthermore, seasonal variations can have an impact on the genotoxicity of the samples. Results of the study emphasize the importance of conducting genotoxicological tests using human cell cultures, such as HepG2/C3A, to assess the final effluent quality from WWTP before its discharge or reuse. This precaution is essential to safeguard the integrity of the receiving water body and, by extension, the biotic components it contains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Roberta Deroldo Sommaggio
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Dânia Elisa Christofoletti Mazzeo
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant and Animal Production, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jacqueline Aparecida Malvestiti
- School of Technology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paschoal Marmo 1888, 13484332, Limeira, SP, Brazil; Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Renato Falcão Dantas
- School of Technology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paschoal Marmo 1888, 13484332, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Gea M, Spina F, Revello R, Fea E, Gilli G, Varese GC, Schilirò T. Estrogenic activity in wastewater treatment plants through in vitro effect-based assays: Insights into extraction phase. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120412. [PMID: 38402785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Effluents of wastewater treatment plants can abundantly spread endocrine disrupting chemicals in the environment. To improve water quality monitoring, the use of effect-based tools that measure estrogenic activity has been suggested, however their results could be influenced by different factors. This study compared the estrogenic activity of wastewater samples extracted with two stationary phases and tested with two in vitro effect-based assays to investigate whether and how stationary phases and assays could influence biomonitoring data. During four seasonal periods, the effluents of six WWTPs located in northern Italy were sampled. After the extraction using two different stationary phases (HLB, C18), the samples (n = 72) were tested using two effect-based assays: a gene reporter luciferase assay on mammalian cells (MELN) and yeast estrogen screen assay (YES). The results showed that estrogenic activity of HLB extracts was significantly different from the activity of C18 extracts, suggesting that extraction phase can influence biomonitoring data. Moreover, the estrogenic activity was overall higher using gene reporter MELN assay than using YES assay, suggesting that, due to difference in cell membrane permeability and metabolic activation, the applied cell model can affect the biomonitoring results. Finally, from the comparison between the activity of the final effluent and the environmentally safe estrogenic levels in surface waters, MELN data suggested that the activity of this effluent may pose an environmental risk, while YES data showed that it should not be considered a threat to the receiving surface waters. This study pointed out that a standardized approach is needed to assess the estrogenic activity of waters; it reported important data to select the most suitable stationary phase for samples extraction (samples extracted with C18 sorbent showed higher estradiol equivalent concentration values) and the most appropriate bioassay (gene reporter luciferase MELN assay was more sensitive than YES assay) to assess the environmental risk, thus protecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gea
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Federica Spina
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Roberta Revello
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Fea
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Gilli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | | | - Tiziana Schilirò
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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7
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López-Velázquez K, Guzmán-Mar JL, Saldarriaga-Noreña HA, Murillo-Tovar MA, Villanueva-Rodríguez M. Ecological risk assessment associated with five endocrine-disrupting compounds in wastewater treatment plants of Northeast Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:30714-30726. [PMID: 36441306 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ecological risk associated with five endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) was studied in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Monterrey, Mexico. The EDCs, 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4NP), and 4-tert-octylphenol (4TOP) were determined by SPE/GC-MS method, where EE2 and 4TOP were the most abundant in effluents at levels from 1.6 - 26.8 ng/L (EE2) and < LOD - 5.0 ng/L (4TOP), which corroborate that the wastewater discharges represent critical sources of EDCs to the aquatic environments. In this study, the potential risk associated with selected EDCs was assessed through the risk quotients (RQs) and by estimating the estrogenic activity (expressed as EEQ). This study also constitutes the first approach for the ecological risk assessment in effluents of WWTPs in Northeast Mexico. The results demonstrated that the effluents of the WWTPs represent a high risk for the organisms living in the receiving water bodies because the residual estrogens effect E2 and EE2 with RQ values up to 49.1 and 1165.2. EEQ values between 6.3 and 24.6 ngEE2/L were considered the most hazardous compounds among the target EDCs, capable of causing some alterations in the endocrine system of aquatic and terrestrial organisms due to chronic exposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khirbet López-Velázquez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuevo León, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
- Universidad Politécnica de Tapachula, Carretera Tapachula - Puerto Madero Km. 24 + 300, Chiapas, 30830, Tapachula, México
| | - Jorge L Guzmán-Mar
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuevo León, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
| | - Hugo A Saldarriaga-Noreña
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Mario A Murillo-Tovar
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Minerva Villanueva-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuevo León, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, México.
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8
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Masoner JR, Kolpin DW, Cozzarelli IM, Bradley PM, Arnall BB, Forshay KJ, Gray JL, Groves JF, Hladik ML, Hubbard LE, Iwanowicz LR, Jaeschke JB, Lane RF, McCleskey RB, Polite BF, Roth DA, Pettijohn MB, Wilson MC. Contaminant Exposure and Transport from Three Potential Reuse Waters within a Single Watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1353-1365. [PMID: 36626647 PMCID: PMC9878729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global demand for safe and sustainable water supplies necessitates a better understanding of contaminant exposures in potential reuse waters. In this study, we compared exposures and load contributions to surface water from the discharge of three reuse waters (wastewater effluent, urban stormwater, and agricultural runoff). Results document substantial and varying organic-chemical contribution to surface water from effluent discharges (e.g., disinfection byproducts [DBP], prescription pharmaceuticals, industrial/household chemicals), urban stormwater (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, nonprescription pharmaceuticals), and agricultural runoff (e.g., pesticides). Excluding DBPs, episodic storm-event organic concentrations and loads from urban stormwater were comparable to and often exceeded those of daily wastewater-effluent discharges. We also assessed if wastewater-effluent irrigation to corn resulted in measurable effects on organic-chemical concentrations in rain-induced agricultural runoff and harvested feedstock. Overall, the target-organic load of 491 g from wastewater-effluent irrigation to the study corn field during the 2019 growing season did not produce substantial dissolved organic-contaminant contributions in subsequent rain-induced runoff events. Out of the 140 detected organics in source wastewater-effluent irrigation, only imidacloprid and estrone had concentrations that resulted in observable differences between rain-induced agricultural runoff from the effluent-irrigated and nonirrigated corn fields. Analyses of pharmaceuticals and per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances in at-harvest corn-plant samples detected two prescription antibiotics, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, at concentrations of 36 and 70 ng/g, respectively, in effluent-irrigated corn-plant samples; no contaminants were detected in noneffluent irrigated corn-plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Masoner
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Oklahoma
City, Oklahoma 73116, United States
| | - Dana W. Kolpin
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | | | - Paul M. Bradley
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, United States
| | - Brian B. Arnall
- Oklahoma
State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Forshay
- U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Ada, Oklahoma 74820, United States
| | - James L. Gray
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Justin F. Groves
- U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Ada, Oklahoma 74820, United States
| | | | | | - Luke R. Iwanowicz
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Kearneysville, West Virginia, 25430, United States
| | | | - Rachael F. Lane
- U.S. Geological
Survey, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | | | | | - David A. Roth
- U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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9
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Zhou S, Schulze T, Brack W, Seiler TB, Hollert H. Spatial and temporal variations in anti-androgenic activity and environmental risk in a small river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158622. [PMID: 36084781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of multiple compounds have been widely investigated in aquatic environments. However, investigations of spatial and temporal variations in biological effects are rarely performed because they are time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, the variability of the anti-androgen, receptor-mediated activity of surface water samples was observed over 3 years using in vitro bioassays. Large-volume water samples were collected at one site upstream (Wer site) and two sites downstream (Sil and Nien sites) of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfall in the Holtemme River. Anti-AR activity was persistently present in all surface water samples over the three years. Large spatial variations in anti-androgenic activity were observed, with the lowest activity at the Wer site (mean concentration of 9.5 ± 7.2 μg flutamide equivalents/L) and the highest activity at the Sil site (mean concentration of 31.1 ± 12.0 μg flutamide equivalents/L) directly influenced by WWTP effluents. On the temporal scale, no distinct trend for anti-AR activity was observed among the seasons in all three years. The anti-androgenic activity at the upstream Wer site showed a decreasing trend from 2014 to 2016, indicating improved water quality. A novel bioanalytical-equivalent-based risk assessment method considering the frequency of risk occurrence was developed and then utilized to assess the environmental risk of anti-androgenic activity in the Holtemme River. The results revealed that the highest risk was present at the Sil site, while the risk was considerably reduced at the Nien site. The risk at the upstream Wer site was the lowest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangbo Zhou
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty Biological Sciences, Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets, Rotthauser Str. 21, 45879 Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty Biological Sciences, Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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10
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Lopez-Herguedas N, González-Gaya B, Cano A, Alvarez-Mora I, Mijangos L, Etxebarria N, Zuloaga O, Olivares M, Prieto A. Effect-directed analysis of a hospital effluent sample using A-YES for the identification of endocrine disrupting compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157985. [PMID: 35985602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An effect-directed analysis (EDA) approach was used to identify the compounds responsible for endocrine disruption in a hospital effluent (Basque Country). In order to facilitate the identification of the potentially toxic substances, a sample was collected using an automated onsite large volume solid phase extraction (LV-SPE) system. Then, it was fractionated with a two-step orthogonal chromatographic separation and tested for estrogenic effects with a recombinant yeast (A-YES) in-vitro bioassay. The fractionation method was optimized and validated for 184 compounds, and its application to the hospital effluent sample allowed reducing the number of unknowns from 292 in the raw sample to 35 after suspect analysis of the bioactive fractions. Among those, 7 of them were confirmed with chemical standards. In addition, target analysis of the raw sample confirmed the presence of mestranol, estrone and dodemorph in the fractions showing estrogenic activity. Predictive estrogenic activity modelling using quantitative structure-activity relationships indicated that the hormones mestranol (5840 ng/L) and estrone (128 ng/L), the plasticiser bisphenol A (9219 ng/L) and the preservative butylparaben (1224 ng/L) were the main contributors of the potential toxicity. Derived bioanalytical equivalents (BEQs) pointed mestranol and estrone as the main contributors (56 % and 43 %, respectively) of the 50 % of the sample's explained total estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naroa Lopez-Herguedas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Belén González-Gaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Alicia Cano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Iker Alvarez-Mora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
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11
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Wieringa N, van der Lee GH, de Baat ML, Kraak MHS, Verdonschot PFM. Contribution of sediment contamination to multi-stress in lowland waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157045. [PMID: 35779724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water bodies in densely populated lowland areas are often impacted by multiple stressors. At these multi-stressed sites, it remains challenging to quantify the contribution of contaminated sediments. This study, therefore, aimed to elucidate the contribution of sediment contamination in 16 multi-stressed drainage ditches throughout the Netherlands. To this end an adjusted TRIAD framework was applied, where 1) contaminants and other variables in the sediment and the overlying water were measured, 2) whole-sediment laboratory bioassays were performed using larvae of the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius, and 3) the in situ benthic macroinvertebrate community composition was determined. It was hypothesized that the benthic macroinvertebrate community composition would respond to all jointly present stressors in both water and sediment, whereas the whole-sediment bioassays would only respond to the stressors present in the sediment. The benthic macroinvertebrate community composition was indeed related to multiple stressors in both water and sediment. Taxa richness was positively correlated with the presence of PO4-P in the water, macrophyte cover and some pesticides. Evenness, the number of Trichoptera families and the SPEARpesticides were positively correlated to the C:P ratios in the sediment, whilst negative correlations were observed with various contaminants in both the water and sediment. The whole-sediment bioassays with C. riparius positively related to the nutrient content of the sediment, whereas no negative relations to the sediment-associated contaminants were observed, even though the lowered SPEARpesticides index indicated contaminant effects in the field. Therefore, it was concluded that sediment contamination was identified as one of the various stressors that potentially drove the benthic macroinvertebrate community composition in the multi-stressed drainage ditches, but that nutrients may have masked the adverse effects caused by low and diverse sediment contaminants on C. riparius in the bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wieringa
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - G H van der Lee
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M L de Baat
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - M H S Kraak
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P F M Verdonschot
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Guo W, Li J, Luo M, Mao Y, Yu X, Elskens M, Baeyens W, Gao Y. Estrogenic activity and ecological risk of steroids, bisphenol A and phthalates after secondary and tertiary sewage treatment processes. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 214:118189. [PMID: 35184019 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) are an important source of estrogenic substances to the receiving water bodies affecting their ecological safety. In this study, steroids, bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates were assessed in the secondary (SE) and tertiary effluent (TE) of three typical urban STPs in Beijing (China). In addition, the overall estrogenic activity in these effluents was assessed by an in-vitro bioassay (ERE-CALUX). Results showed that the concentrations and activities of estrogenic compounds in TE were lower than those in SE. The residual concentration of 17β-estradiol (E2) was the highest among the detected steroids, accounting for 51.6 ± 5.1% in SE and 57.5 ± 24.8% in TE. The residual level (25.2-41.6 ng/L) of BPA in effluents was significantly higher than that of steroids (0.2-28.8 ng/L). The residual concentration of diethyl phthalate was the highest among the detected phthalates accounting for 47.1 ± 5.1% in SE and 37.6 ± 11.5% in TE. Steroids and BPA had a higher removal rate (83.5% and 96.7%) in secondary and tertiary treatment than phthalates (68.8% and 83.1%). The hydrophobic characteristics of these estrogenic compounds determined the removal mechanism. The removal of steroids, BPA, dimethyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate (LogKow= 1.61-4.15) mainly occurred through biodegradation in the water phase, while the removal of dibutyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (LogKow= 4.27-7.50) mainly occurred in the solid phase after adsorption on and sedimentation of the suspended particulate matter. According to ERE-CALUX, the estrogenic activity in the final STP effluents was 3.2-45.6 ng E2-equivalents/L, which is higher than reported levels in the effluents of European STPs. Calculation of estrogenic equivalents by using substance specific chemical analysis indicated that the dominant contributor was E2 (56.4-88.4%), followed by 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) (4.1-34.8%), both also exerting a moderate risk to the aquatic ecosystem. While the upgrade of treatment processes in STPs has efficiently reduced the emission of estrogenic substances, their ecological risk was not yet phased out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium; College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Jun Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Mingyue Luo
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Yan Mao
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center of MEE, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiangyi Yu
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center of MEE, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Marc Elskens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Yue Gao
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium.
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13
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Du B, Yu W, Yang L, Fan G, Yang S, Jiang H, Bi S, Yu C. Migration and abiotic transformation of estrone (E1) and estrone-3-sulfate (E1-3S) during soil column transport. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:911-924. [PMID: 34117975 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Steroid estrogens have received worldwide attention and given rise to great challenges of aquatic ecosystems security, posing potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms and human health even at low levels (ng/L). The present study focused on understanding the mobility and abiotic transformation of estrone (E1) and estrone-3-sulfate (E1-3S) over spatial and time scales during soil transport. Column transport experiments showed that the migration capacity of E1-3S was far stronger than E1 in soil. The calculated groundwater ubiquity score and leachability index values also indicated the high leaching mobility of E1-3S. The hydrolysis of E1-3S and abiotic transformation into estradiol and estriol was observed in the sterilized soil. Furthermore, possible transformation products (e.g., SE239, E2378, E1 dimer538, E1-E2 dimer541) of E1 and E1-3S in soil were analyzed and identified after the column transport experiments. The estrogenic activity was estimated by 17β-estradiol equivalency values during the transport process in aqueous and soil phases. Additionally, the potential leaching transport to groundwater of E1-3S requires further critical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghao Du
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China.
| | - Lun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Shenglan Bi
- Chongqing Comprehensive Management Center of Urban Pipeline, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
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14
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Černá T, Ezechiáš M, Semerád J, Grasserová A, Cajthaml T. Evaluation of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity in sludge and explanation of individual compound contributions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127108. [PMID: 34523467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mixture toxicity, including agonistic and antagonistic effects, is an unrevealed environmental problem. Estrogenic endocrine disruptors are known to cause adverse effects for aquatic biota, but causative chemicals and their contributions to the total activity in sewage sludge remain unknown. Therefore, advanced analytical methods, a yeast bioassay and mixture toxicity models were concurrently applied for the characterization of 8 selected sludges with delectable estrogenic activity (and 3 sludges with no activity as blanks) out of 25 samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The first applied full logistic model adequately explained total activity by considering the concentrations of the monitored compounds. The results showed that the activity was primarily caused by natural estrogens in municipal WWTP sludge. Nevertheless, activity in a sample originating from a car-wash facility was dominantly caused by partial agonists - nonylphenols - and only a model enabling prediction of all dose-response curve parameters of the final mixture curve explained these results. Antiestrogenic effects were negligible, and effect-directed analysis identified the causative chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Černá
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ezechiáš
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Semerád
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Grasserová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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15
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Gudda FO, Ateia M, Waigi MG, Wang J, Gao Y. Ecological and human health risks of manure-borne steroid estrogens: A 20-year global synthesis study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113708. [PMID: 34619591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), and estriol (E3) are persistent in livestock manure and present serious pollution concerns because they can trigger endocrine disruption at part-per-trillion levels. This study conducted a global analysis of estrogen occurrence in manure using all literature data over the past 20 years. Besides, predicted environmental concentration (PEC) in soil and water was estimated using fate models, and risk/harm quotient (RQ/HQ) methods were applied to screen risks on children as well as on sensitive aquatic and soil species. The estradiol equivalent values ranged from 6.6 to 4.78 × 104 ng/g and 12.4 to 9.46 × 104 ng/L in the solid and liquid fraction. The estrogenic potency ranking in both fractions were 17β-E2> E1>17α-E2>E3. RQs of measured environmental concentration in the liquid fraction pose medium (E3) to high risk (E1, 17α-E2 & 17β-E2) to fish but are lower than risks posed by xenoestrogens. However, the RQ of PECs on both soil organisms and aquatic species were insignificant (RQ < 0.01), and HQs of contaminated water and soil ingestion were within acceptable limits. Nevertheless, meticulous toxicity studies are still required to confirm (or deny) the findings because endocrine disruption potency from mixtures of these classes of compounds cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Owino Gudda
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Faculty of Environment and Resource Development, Department of Environmental Sciences, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, 20115, Kenya
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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16
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Linhartova L, Costet N, Pakdel F, Cajthaml T, Habauzit D. Key parameter optimization using multivariable linear model for the evaluation of the in vitro estrogenic activity assay in T47D cell lines (CXCL-test). J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:1121-1136. [PMID: 34964157 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to analytical tools, bioassays provide higher sensitivity and more complex evaluation of environmental samples and are indispensable tools for monitoring increasing in anthropogenic pollution. Nevertheless, the disadvantage in cellular assays stems from the material variability used within the assays, and an interlaboratory adaptation does not usually lead to satisfactory test sensitivities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of material variability on CXCL12 secretion by T47D cells, the outcome of an estrogenic activity assay, the CXCL-test. For this purpose, the cell line sources, sera suppliers, experimental and seeding media, and the amount of cell/well were tested. The multivariable linear model (MLM), employed as an innovative approach in this field for parameter evaluation, identified that all the tested parameters had significant effects. Knowledge of the contributions of each parameter has permitted step-by-step optimization. The most beneficial approach was seeding 20,000 cells/well directly in treatment medium and using DMEM for the treatment. Great differences in both basal and maximal cytokine secretions among the three tested cell lines and different impacts of each serum were also observed. Altogether, both these biologically based and highly variable inputs were additionally assessed by MLM and a subsequent two-step evaluation, which revealed a lower variability and satisfactory reproducibility of the test. This analysis showed that not only parameter and procedure optimization but also the evaluation methodology must be considered from the perspective of interlaboratory method adaptation. This overall methodology could be applied to all bioanalytical methods for fast multiparameter and accurate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Linhartova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague4, Czech Republic.,Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Nathalie Costet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Tomas Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague4, Czech Republic.,Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Denis Habauzit
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.,ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of contaminant unit, Fougères, France
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17
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Tian K, Hu L, Li L, Zheng Q, Xin Y, Zhang G. Recent advances in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes for organic wastewater treatment. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Yusuf A, O'Flynn D, White B, Holland L, Parle-McDermott A, Lawler J, McCloughlin T, Harold D, Huerta B, Regan F. Monitoring of emerging contaminants of concern in the aquatic environment: a review of studies showing the application of effect-based measures. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5120-5143. [PMID: 34726207 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01184g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is increasingly a global cause of concern mainly due to widespread changes in climate conditions and increased consumptive water use driven by the exponential increase in population growth. In addition, increased pollution of fresh water sources due to rising production and consumption of pharmaceuticals and organic chemicals will further exacerbate this concern. Although surface water contamination by individual chemicals is often at very low concentration, pharmaceuticals for instance are designed to be efficacious at low concentrations, creating genuine concern for their presence in freshwater sources. Furthermore, the additive impact of multiple compounds may result in toxic or other biological effects that otherwise will not be induced by individual chemicals. Globally, different legislative frameworks have led to pre-emptive efforts which aim to ensure good water ecological status. Reports detailing the use and types of effect-based measures covering specific bioassay batteries that can identify specific mode of actions of chemical pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem to evaluate the real threat of pollutants to aquatic lives and ultimately human lives have recently emerged from monitoring networks such as the NORMAN network. In this review, we critically evaluate some studies within the last decade that have implemented effect-based monitoring of pharmaceuticals and organic chemicals in aquatic fauna, evaluating the occurrence of different chemical pollutants and the impact of these pollutants on aquatic fauna with special focus on pollutants that are contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in urban wastewater. A critical discussion on studies that have used effect-based measures to assess biological impact of pharmaceutical/organic compound in the aquatic ecosystem and the endpoints measurements employed is presented. The application of effect-based monitoring of chemicals other than assessment of water quality status is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeez Yusuf
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dylan O'Flynn
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Blanaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linda Holland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Parle-McDermott
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jenny Lawler
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thomas McCloughlin
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denise Harold
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Belinda Huerta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Regan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Shao Y, Zhu L, Chen Z, Thalmann B, Zhou S, Hollert H, Seiler TB. Evidence of increased estrogenicity upon metabolism of Bisphenol F - Elucidation of the key metabolites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147669. [PMID: 34000551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing concern over bisphenol A (BPA) has directed much attention toward bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) as BPA alternatives for the development of "BPA-free" products. Consequently, BPS and BPF were frequently detected in surface water, sediment, sewage effluent, indoor dust, and even in food and biological fluids in humans. Thus, environmental researches start to focus on the potential environmental risks of BPA alternatives. While the estrogenically active metabolites and the specific estrogenically active structure are still unknown. In this study, the MTT assay on acute cytotoxicity and the recombinant transactivation assay were carried out to determine whether BPF and BPS are suitable alternatives to BPA. Our results show that the cytotoxic and estrogenic activities of BPS and BPF are lower than those of BPA. However, after the addition of a rat liver homogenate to simulate mammal metabolism, BPF exhibited higher estrogenic activity than BPA. To identify the chemical structures and estrogen receptor binding affinities of active estrogenic metabolites, LC-MS, MetaPrint2D(-React), and VirtualToxLab were integrated. The observed results indicated that the para-hydroxylated BPF and BPF-OCH3 might have strong ER binding affinities. These results demonstrate that metabolization is important to consider upon investigating endocrine disruption of chemicals getting into contact with humans, such as in dental sealing or food packaging. Alternatives to potentially hazardous substances should be thoroughly tested prior to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Road Shapingba, 400045 Chongqing, China; Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Research Center Jülich, ZEA-3, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Zhongli Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Road Shapingba, 400045 Chongqing, China
| | - Beat Thalmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; EWOMIS, Institute for Environmental Research, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany
| | - Shangbo Zhou
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Road Shapingba, 400044 Chongqing, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Ruhr District Institute of Hygiene, Rotthauser Str. 21, 45879 Gelsenkirchen, Germany.
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Blondet A, Martin G, Paulic L, Perrard MH, Durand P. An in vitro bioassay to assess the potential global toxicity of waters on spermatogenesis: a pilot study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26606-26616. [PMID: 33495953 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many toxicants are present in water as a mixture. Male infertility is one of the environmental impacts in developed countries. Using our rat seminiferous tubule culture model, we evaluated the effects of waters of different origins, on several parameters of the seminiferous epithelium. Concentrated culture medium was diluted with the waters to be tested (final concentrations of the tested waters were between 8 and 80%). The integrity of the blood-testis barrier was assessed by the trans-epithelial electric resistance (TEER). The levels of mRNAs specific of Sertoli cells, of cellular junctions, of each population of germ cells, of androgen receptor, of estrogen receptor α, and of aromatase were also studied. We report, here, the results obtained with ten waters, some of them possessing a negative effect on spermatogenesis. The results showed that, according to the tested waters, their effects on the parameters studied might be quite different indicating many different mechanisms of toxicity, including some endocrine-disrupting effects. It has been reported that men with impaired semen parameters have an increased mortality rate suggesting semen quality may provide a fundamental biomarker of overall male health. Hence, we have developed a relevant in vitro bioassay allowing the evaluation of the potential toxicity of different types of waters on male fertility and to assess some aspects of their mechanism of action. In addition to the TEER measure, the number and/or the identity of the studied mRNAs can be largely increased and/or modified, thus enhancing the possibility of using this model as a "warning system."
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonine Blondet
- Kallistem, Vétagrosup, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, 69280, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Guillaume Martin
- Kallistem, Vétagrosup, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, 69280, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Laurent Paulic
- Tame-Water, 3 Rue Jean Jaurès, 85000, La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Perrard
- INSERM U 1208, Institut Cellule Souche et Cerveau, 18 Avenue du Doyen Lépine, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Philippe Durand
- Kallistem, Vétagrosup, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, 69280, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.
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Shen J, Li X, Wang X, Feng J, He X, Jiang S, Zhou A, Ouyang X. Study on the Release Potential of BPA and Steroid Estrogens in the Sediments of Erhai Lake, a Typical Plateau Lake of China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:882-891. [PMID: 33175186 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
On-site sampling analysis and laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to study the pollution status and release potential of EDCs in Erhai Lake. We found that nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Erhai Lake sediment were both at a high level, as well as EDCs pollution. The concentrations of BPA, E2α, E1, E2β, EE2, and E3 were 36.84 ng/g(DW), 13.04 ng/g(DW), 128.97 ng/g(DW), 52.57 ng/g(DW), 18.48 ng/g(DW) and 5.36 ng/g(DW), respectively. The concentrations of E2α, E1, E2β and EE2 in the bottom water were higher than the surface water due to the impact of sediment release. The results of the 20 days release test indicated that BPA release from the sediment had a greater correlation with the original concentration and the particle size of sediment, while the steroid EDCs had no obvious correlation with these two factors, probably due to the difference in hydrophobicity between them. Under hydraulic disturbance and aerobic conditions, the release process of EDCs was accompanied by a large amount of microbial degradation, and degradation amount > released amount. BPA was released quickly, 9.56% was released in 20 days, but only 3.37% of steroid EDCs released. In comparison, the release process of steroids was longer and posed a greater threat to aquatic ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Yunnan Erhai Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Dali, 671000, China
- Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Yunnan Erhai Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Dali, 671000, China
- Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Xinze Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Yunnan Erhai Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Dali, 671000, China.
- Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, 671000, China.
| | - Jimeng Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Yunnan Erhai Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Dali, 671000, China
- Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shiyi Jiang
- Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Ailing Zhou
- Yunnan Erhai Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Dali, 671000, China
- Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ouyang
- Yunnan Erhai Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Dali, 671000, China
- Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, 671000, China
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Lin X, Xu J, Keller AA, He L, Gu Y, Zheng W, Sun D, Lu Z, Huang J, Huang X, Li G. Occurrence and risk assessment of emerging contaminants in a water reclamation and ecological reuse project. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140977. [PMID: 32755786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Water reclamation and ecological reuse is gradually becoming a popular solution to address the high pollutant loads and insufficient ecological flow of many urban rivers. However, emerging contaminants in water reuse system and associated human health and ecological risks need to be assessed. This study determined the occurrence and human health and ecological risk assessments of 35 emerging contaminants during one year, including 5 types of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), 5 pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), 7 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and 18 disinfection by-products (DBPs), in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and receiving rivers, as well as an unimpacted river for comparison. Results showed that most of PPCPs and EDCs, especially antibiotics, triclosan, estrogens and bisphenol A, occurred frequently at relatively high concentrations, and they were removed from 20.5% to 88.7% with a mean of 58.9% via WWTP. The highest potential noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks in different reuse scenarios were assessed using maximal detected concentrations, all below the acceptable risk limits, with the highest total combined risk value of 9.21 × 10-9 and 9.98 × 10-7, respectively. Ecological risk assessment was conducted using risk quotient (RQ) method and indicated that several PPCPs, EDCs and haloacetonitriles (HANs) pose high risk (RQ > 1) to aquatic ecology in the rivers, with the highest RQ up to 83.8. The study suggested that ecological risks need to be urgently addressed by updating and optimizing the process in WWTPs to strengthen the removal efficiencies of emerging contaminants. The study can serve as a reference for safer water reuse in the future, while further studies could be conducted on the health risk of specific groups of people, exposure parameters in water reuse, as well as more emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Jingcheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunhui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Danyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhibo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Juwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiangfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guangming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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23
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Domínguez I, Arrebola FJ, Martínez Vidal JL, Garrido Frenich A. Assessment of wastewater pollution by gas chromatography and high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Spina F, Gea M, Bicchi C, Cordero C, Schilirò T, Varese GC. Ecofriendly laccases treatment to challenge micropollutants issue in municipal wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113579. [PMID: 31810716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a multidisciplinary approach investigated the enzymatic degradation of micropollutants in real, not modified, municipal wastewaters of a plant located in Italy. Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction combined to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric detection (SBSE-GC-MS) was applied to profile targeted pollutants in wastewaters collected after the primary sedimentation (W1) and the final effluent (W2). Fifteen compounds were detected at ng/L - μg/L, including pesticides, personal care products (PCPs) and drugs. The most abundant micropollutants were bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diethyl phthalate and ketoprofen. Laccases of Trametes pubescens MUT 2400 were very active against all the target micropollutants: except few cases, their concentration was reduced more than 60%. Chemical analysis and environmental risk do not always come together. To verify whether the treated wastewaters can represent a stressor for the aquatic ecosystem, toxicity was also evaluated. Raphidocelis subcapitata and Lepidium sativum tests showed a clear ecotoxicity reduction, even though they did not evenly respond. Two in vitro tests (E-screen test and MELN assay) were used to evaluate the estrogenic activity. Treatments already operating in the plant (e.g. activated sludge) partially reduced the estradiol equivalent concentration, and it was almost negligible after the laccases treatment. The results of this study suggest that laccases of T. pubescens are promising biocatalysts for the micropollutants transformation in wastewaters and surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Spina
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Gea
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Schilirò
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Methodological Protocol for Assessing the Environmental Footprint by Means of Ecotoxicological Tools: Wastewater Treatment Plants as an Example Case. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0150-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen Q, Allgeier A, Yin D, Hollert H. Leaching of endocrine disrupting chemicals from marine microplastics and mesoplastics under common life stress conditions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104938. [PMID: 31234003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and mesoplastics are able to sorb harmful substances and often contain additives, e.g., endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), that can cause adverse effects to organisms. The present study aims to determine EDC concentrations and their endocrine activities in leachates of field-collected marine MPs and mesoplastics under stress conditions that are known to occur during the plastic life cycle. Estrogens were the dominant EDCs on plastic particles and were either concentrated from the surrounding water or originated from plastic manufacturing. Bisphenol A had the highest detection frequency (75%) with an average concentration of 475 ± 882 μg/kg, followed by bisphenol S, octylphenol and nonylphenol. Moreover, smaller marine MPs leached greater quantities of EDCs because the sorption from surrounding seawater is more efficient for smaller particles. It was found that normal life stresses such as microwaving (MW) and autoclaving (AC) can decrease EDC concentrations, but solar irradiation (solar) can increase EDC concentrations in leachates. Even though organisms with higher metabolic ability exhibited greater estrogenic effects, the comprehensive toxicity of plastic leachates after common life treatments was still limited (below the EC10 value) if 0.1% is taken as the EDC uptake from plastic. In future studies, the accurate contribution of plastic bound EDCs needs to be further explored, and the monitoring of MPs and mesoplastics in the human diet remains important because the concentrations of these plastics may change in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China; Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Annika Allgeier
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Yoo J, Hur J, Jung J. Identification of oxidative stress and estrogenic activity induced by polarity fractions of effluent organic matter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 375:264-272. [PMID: 31078986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated oxidative stress and estrogenic activity induced by hydrophobic (HP), transphilic (TP), and hydrophilic (HL) fractions of effluent organic matter (EfOM) from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Fluorescence regional integration (FRI) analysis indicated that EfOM showed higher FRI distribution in regions II (aromatic protein-like) and IV (soluble microbial products, SMPs) than Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM), which was primarily in regions III (fulvic acid-like) and V (humic acid-like). The HP and HL fractions of industrial EfOMs significantly increased catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and lipid peroxidation compared with those of the control (p < 0.05). Estrogenic activity was the highest in industrial EfOM followed by municipal EfOM, and both were significantly higher than that of SRNOM and the control (p < 0.05). FRI distribution in region II was significantly related to CAT, GST, and estrogenic activity (r = 0.7142, 0.7786, and 0.8107, respectively) for the HL fraction of EfOM. For the HP fraction of EfOM, regions II and IV were significantly related to estrogenic activity (r = 0.7221 and 0.6707, respectively). These findings suggest that aromatic protein-like substances and SMPs in EfOM were responsible for the observed oxidative stress and estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Yoo
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Guo W, Van Langenhove K, Vandermarken T, Denison MS, Elskens M, Baeyens W, Gao Y. In situ measurement of estrogenic activity in various aquatic systems using organic diffusive gradients in thin-film coupled with ERE-CALUX bioassay. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:13-20. [PMID: 30897513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic-diffusive gradients in thin-film samplers (o-DGT), were developed and applied for accumulation of estrogen and estrogen-like compounds on a XAD18 resin and deployed in situ in the effluents of Beijing Gaobeidian Wastewater Treatment Plant (GWWTP) and Brussels North Wastewater Treatment Plant as well as in several aquatic systems in Belgium, including the Zenne River, the Belgian Oostende Harbor and the North Sea. Estrogenic compounds accumulate on the XAD18 resin and the estrogenic activity of the resin extract was measured with the Estrogen Responsive Elements-Chemically Activated LUciferase gene eXpression (ERE-CALUX) bioassay. With this result and by applying Fick's diffusion law, it is possible to calculate the estrogenic activity in the aquatic system, if the diffusion boundary layer (DBL) is known or negligible compared to the hydrogel diffusive layer thickness. The DBL thickness in our study varied from 0.010 to 0.023 cm and ignoring the DBL thickness would for instance, underestimate the estrogenic activity by 10-20%. Estrogenic activities in the secondary effluent of GWWTP were the highest (29 ± 4 ng E2-equivalents L-1), while the lowest level was found at the Belgian Oostende Harbor (0.05 ± 0.01 ng E2-equivalents L-1). Comparable estrogenic activities in water samples measured by o-DGT and grab sampling were obtained, confirming that o-DGT can be efficiently used in various aquatic systems. The advantage of our sampling and measuring method is that very low, time averaged estrogenic activities can be determined, with a minimum of sample treatment. The risk of sample contamination is very low as well as the cost of the whole analytical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kersten Van Langenhove
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Tara Vandermarken
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marc Elskens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Yue Gao
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium.
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Buchner EM, Happel O, Schmidt CK, Scheurer M, Schmutz B, Kramer M, Knauer M, Gartiser S, Hollert H. Approach for analytical characterization and toxicological assessment of ozonation products in drinking water on the example of acesulfame. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 153:357-368. [PMID: 30763901 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring and control of drinking water quality is generally important as it significantly contributes to the health of the population. In this context, particular attention has to be paid to the use of treatment techniques during drinking water treatment. It is known that the formation of reaction products (transformation products) has to be taken into account when oxidizing agents such as ozone are used. Different transformation products are classified as critical to health and require analytical examination. The risk assessment for previously unknown transformation products can be difficult as far as not all transformation products are present as single substances or the individual substances are not present in a sufficient high concentration or cannot be isolated from the original solution. The aim of this work is to show exemplarily the identification and quantification of ozonation products (OPs) after ozonation and their toxicological characterization, using the artificial sweetener acesulfame. It was shown that OPs can be fully characterized using ion chromatography in combination with different detection systems. A major OP could be recovered as a pure substance by crystallization and direct genotoxicological testing was possible without previous enrichment processes. Acesulfame samples of different concentrations in ultrapure and in drinking water after ozonation were tested in several genotoxicity tests. These tests revealed genotoxic effects of acesulfame after ozonation in ultrapure water in several genotoxicological test systems (micronucleus test, umu test, Ames-fluctuation-test and comet assay). In contrast, the crystallized ozonation product OP168 did not show any positive effects. Therefore, it seems likely that the observed effect was caused by the second major product OP170. However, a sufficiently large amount of analytically pure substance OP170 could not be obtained. It was also shown that the rate of the OP170 formation in drinking water is significantly lower than in ultrapure water and that ozonation in drinking water did not induce genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Buchner
- Water Laboratory, RheinEnergie AG, Parkgürtel 24, 50823, Köln, Germany; Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Happel
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW), Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten K Schmidt
- Water Laboratory, RheinEnergie AG, Parkgürtel 24, 50823, Köln, Germany
| | - Marco Scheurer
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW), Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Beat Schmutz
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW), Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Meike Kramer
- Water Laboratory, RheinEnergie AG, Parkgürtel 24, 50823, Köln, Germany
| | - Martina Knauer
- Hydrotox GmbH, Bötzinger Straße 29, 79111, Freiburg i.Br, Germany
| | - Stefan Gartiser
- Hydrotox GmbH, Bötzinger Straße 29, 79111, Freiburg i.Br, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Brinkmann M, Barz B, Carrière D, Velki M, Smith K, Meyer-Alert H, Müller Y, Thalmann B, Bluhm K, Schiwy S, Hotz S, Salowsky H, Tiehm A, Hecker M, Hollert H. Bioactivation of Quinolines in a Recombinant Estrogen Receptor Transactivation Assay Is Catalyzed by N-Methyltransferases. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:698-707. [PMID: 30896932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxylation of polyaromatic compounds through cytochromes P450 (CYPs) is known to result in potentially estrogenic transformation products. Recently, there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of alternative pathways such as aldehyde oxidases (AOX) or N-methyltransferases (NMT) in bioactivation of small molecules, particularly N-heterocycles. Therefore, this study investigated the biotransformation and activity of methylated quinolines, a class of environmentally relevant N-heterocycles that are no native ligands of the estrogen receptor (ER), in the estrogen-responsive cell line ERα CALUX. We found that this widely used cell line overexpresses AOXs and NMTs while having low expression of CYP enzymes. Exposure of ERα CALUX cells to quinolines resulted in estrogenic effects, which could be mitigated using an inhibitor of AOX/NMTs. No such mitigation occurred after coexposure to a CYP1A inhibitor. A number of N-methylated but no hydroxylated transformation products were detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which indicated that biotransformations to estrogenic metabolites were likely catalyzed by NMTs. Compared to the natural ER ligand 17β-estradiol, the products formed during the metabolization of quinolines were weak to moderate agonists of the human ERα. Our findings have potential implications for the risk assessment of these compounds and indicate that care must be taken when using in vitro estrogenicity assays, for example, ERα CALUX, for the characterization of N-heterocycles or environmental samples that may contain them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Bogdan Barz
- ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany
| | - Danielle Carrière
- School of Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kerstin Bluhm
- School of Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | | | | | - Helena Salowsky
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology , Water Technology Center , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Andreas Tiehm
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology , Water Technology Center , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Henner Hollert
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing , China.,College of Resources and Environmental Science , Chongqing University , Chongqing , China.,Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education , Tongji University , Shanghai , China
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31
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Li M, Chen Z, Wang Z, Wen Q. Investigation on degradation behavior of dissolved effluent organic matter, organic micro-pollutants and bio-toxicity reduction from secondary effluent treated by ozonation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:223-231. [PMID: 30415120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risk of secondary effluent has caused increasing attention in recent years, the negative effect of dissolved effluent organic matters (dEfOM) and organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) was a hot research point. In this research, the degradation behavior of dEfOM and fourteen OMPs in the ozonation was revealed using spectroscopic and chromatographic tools. Ozonation was effective for reducing UV254, but had limited effect in dissolved organic carbon reduction. The dEfOM with shorter absorption wavelength was preferentially removed in the ozonation (230 nm > 240 nm > 254 nm) and high molecular weight humics was largely reduced by the ozonation. Soluble microbial by-products were more reactive with ozone than humic acid as reflected by the fluorescence. Degradation behavior of the OMPs was identified based on their elimination kinetics and molecular structures and a simplified classification method was proposed. The group I OMPs (logkO3>5) showed high removal efficiency with 1 mg/L of ozone, while the removal of group II OMPs (1< logkO3<5) was largely dependent on the ozone dose. The CC bond, deprotonated amidogen, phenolic, aniline and anisole groups in these OMPs structures were the main reaction sites with ozone. The group III OMPs without active groups in the molecules showed slight removal in the ozonation. Moreover, genotoxicity and estrogenic activity were simultaneously analyzed for further evaluation on the risk of the effluent. The genotoxicity and estrogenic activity of the secondary effluent were 73.46 μg 4-NQO/L and 519.86 ng E2/L, respectively and an ozone dose of 10 mg/L could reduce the bio-toxicity to the detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zhenzhe Wang
- Jiangsu Huaxin Urban Planning & Design Institute Co Ltd, Lianyungang 200000, PR China
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China.
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32
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Shirvanimoghaddam K, Czech B, Wójcik G, Naebe M. The light enhanced removal of Bisphenol A from wastewater using cotton waste derived carbon microtubes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 539:425-432. [PMID: 30599398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of high performance, sustainable and inexpensive catalyst for environmental applications is a highly innovative and promising approach to meet the increasing demands from society on water treatment and pollution remediation. Carbon microtube (CMT) synthesized from cotton waste was successfully developed by direct pyrolysis of cotton bundle in argon atmosphere in different carbonization temperature (900, 1100, 1300 and 1500 °C). Carbon microtubes have been used for removal of Bisphenol A (BPA) in wastewater and showed the optimum performance for CMT11 and CMT 13. The mechanism involved in this efficient water treatment was ascribed to the strong π-π interaction and hydrogen bonds between CMT and BPA. Given the repeatability, high removal performance and cost effectiveness of the cotton based carbon microtubes when compared to other well-known catalysts such as carbon nanotubes, the carbon microtubes demonstrated great potential as low-cost, sustainable and effective catalyst for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bożena Czech
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wójcik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Minoo Naebe
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Victoria 3216, Australia; School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA 6027, Australia.
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33
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Li Q, Pan F, Li W, Li D, Xu H, Xia D, Li A. Enhanced Adsorption of Bisphenol A from Aqueous Solution with 2-Vinylpyridine Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10101136. [PMID: 30961062 PMCID: PMC6403956 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel 2-vinylpyridine functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Mag-PVP) was successfully prepared. The prepared Mag-PVP was characterized by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and was used for the adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. Mag-PVP, which is composed of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and poly divinylbenzene-2-vinylpyridine (with a thickness of 10 nm), exhibited magnetic properties (Ms = 44.6 emu/g) and thermal stability. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of Mag-PVP for BPA obtained from the Langmuir isotherm was 115.87 mg/g at 20 °C, which was more than that of Fe3O4 nanospheres. In the presence of NaCl, the improved adsorption capacity of Mag-PVP was probably attributed to the screening effect of Mag-PVP surface charge and salting-out effect. In the presence of CaCl2 and humic acid (HA), the adsorption capacity of BPA decreased due to competitive adsorption. The adsorption of BPA by Mag-PVP increased slightly with the increase in pH from 3.0 to 5.0 and obtained the largest adsorption amount at pH 5.0, which was probably attributed to hydrogen bonding interactions. Moreover, in actual water, Mag-PVP still showed excellent adsorption performance in removing BPA. The high adsorption capacity and excellent reusability performance in this work indicated that Mag-PVP was an effective adsorbent for removing BPA from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430073, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fei Pan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Wentao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dongya Li
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Haiming Xu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Dongsheng Xia
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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34
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Tan R, Liu R, Li B, Liu X, Li Z. Typical Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Rivers of Northeast China: Occurrence, Partitioning, and Risk Assessment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:213-223. [PMID: 29230530 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liao River Basin (LRB), located in northeast China, is one of seven largest river basins in China. The Daliao River Watershed (DLRW) is severely disturbed by human activities in the LRB. In this study, three rivers within the DLRW-Xi River (XR), Hun River (HR), and Daliao River (DLR)-were selected as sampling locations. The distribution, partitioning, and risk assessment of four endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), e.g., bisphenol A (BPA), 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), in the rivers were investigated. The results showed that the concentration of BPA was generally higher than those of the other three steroidal estrogens in the sampling locations. The estrogen levels in the XR were greater than those in the HR and DLR. As a result of a decreasing river flow rate during the frozen season and irregular wastewater discharge from human domestic activities and manufacture processing, the total concentration of selected EDCs in the frozen season was much greater than those in nonfrozen season with the highest concentration in surface water of the XR at 1131.0 ng/L for BPA, 1235.0 ng/L for E1, 1253.5 ng/L for E2, and 17,111.5 ng/L for EE2, respectively. Based on the field-measured BPA concentrations in the sediment and water, the organic carbon-normalized partition coefficient (K oc) of BPA were calculated with the values of 2884-45,031 L/kg; the concentration of BPA in sediment was positive correlated with the content of OC (R 2 = 0.932). The risk assessment made by estradiol equivalent (EEQ) and risk quotient (RQ) showed that 64.7% of sampling sites were exposed to high estrogenic activity (∑EEQ > 1) and high risk in surface water, whereas the RQ values of all selected estrogens in sediment were in medium or minimal risk. Both EE2 and E1 were the major contributors to the total estrogenic activity and risk quotient in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
- School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongsheng Li
- School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
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35
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Rosenmai AK, Lundqvist J, le Godec T, Ohlsson Å, Tröger R, Hellman B, Oskarsson A. In vitro bioanalysis of drinking water from source to tap. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 139:272-280. [PMID: 29656192 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of chemical pollutants in sources of drinking water is a key environmental problem threatening public health. Efficient removal of pollutants in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) is needed as well as methods for assessment of the total impact of all present chemicals on water quality. In the present study we have analyzed the bioactivity of water samples from source to tap, including effects of various water treatments in a DWTP, using a battery of cell-based bioassays, covering health-relevant endpoints. Reporter gene assays were used to analyze receptor activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and induction of oxidative stress by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). DNA damage was determined by Comet assay. Grab water samples were concentrated by HLB or ENV solid phase extraction and the water samples assayed at a relative enrichment factor of 50. The enrichment procedure did not induce any bioactivity. No bioactivity was detected in Milli-Q water or drinking water control samples. Induction of AhR, ER and Nrf2 activities was revealed in source to tap water samples. No cytotoxicity, PPARα or AR antagonist activity, or DNA damage were observed in any of the water samples. A low AR agonist activity was detected in a few samples of surface water, but not in the samples from the DWTP. The treatment steps at the DWTP, coagulation, granulated activated carbon filtration, UV disinfection and NH2Cl dosing had little or no effect on the AhR, Nrf2 and ER bioactivity. However, nanofiltration and passage through the distribution network drastically decreased AhR activity, while the effect on Nrf2 activity was more modest and no apparent effect was observed on ER activity. The present results suggest that bioassays are useful tools for evaluation of the efficiency of different treatment steps in DWTPs in reducing toxic activities. Bioassays of AhR and Nrf2 are useful for screening of effects of a broad range of chemicals in drinking water and ER activity can be monitored with a high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kjerstine Rosenmai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundqvist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Théo le Godec
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Ohlsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rikard Tröger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Hellman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Drug Safety and Toxicology, Uppsala University, Box 591, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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36
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He Y, Nurul S, Schmitt H, Sutton NB, Murk TAJ, Blokland MH, Rijnaarts HHM, Langenhoff AAM. Evaluation of attenuation of pharmaceuticals, toxic potency, and antibiotic resistance genes in constructed wetlands treating wastewater effluents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1572-1581. [PMID: 29727981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance of constructed wetlands (CWs) in the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) is generally evaluated on the basis of chemical analysis. In this work, we used a combination of chemical, toxicological, and molecular analyses to assess the attenuation of PhACs, toxic potency and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a field study of three CWs serving as tertiary treatment of wastewater treatment plants. First, 17 PhACs were analysed chemically, of which 14 were detected and seven at concentrations >0.1μg/l. Even though some of the individual PhACs were moderately or highly removed in the CWs investigated, median removal of overall PhACs was approximately 50% in the vertical subsurface flow CW (VSF-CW) with a lower hydraulic loading rate while the removal in the other two free water surface flow CWs (SF-CWs) was negligible. Second, toxic potency of wastewater extracts was assessed in a range of bioassays. Estrogenicity was overall attenuated in CWs, while the neurotoxic potency of wastewater extracts did not decrease after passage through the two CWs investigated. Third, the VSF-CW and one of the SF-CW showed a positive removal of an integrase gene and three ARGs tested. The increased concentrations of ARGs in the other SF-CW, as well as the increase of total bacteria in all CWs, may relate to regrowth of resistance-carrying bacteria. Finally, multivariate analysis shows that most PhACs are positively correlated to the observed toxic potency. Additionally, low removal of organics and nutrients seems to parallel with low removal of PhACs. ARGs positively correlated with organics, nutrients and some PhACs, and the integrase gene but not to the respective antibiotics. The insufficient removal of PhACs, toxic potency, and ARGs indicates the need of an optimal design of CWs as tertiary treatment facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie He
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Sabri Nurul
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nora B Sutton
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tinka A J Murk
- Marine Animal Ecology group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco H Blokland
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 2306, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub H M Rijnaarts
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alette A M Langenhoff
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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37
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Leusch FDL, Neale PA, Arnal C, Aneck-Hahn NH, Balaguer P, Bruchet A, Escher BI, Esperanza M, Grimaldi M, Leroy G, Scheurer M, Schlichting R, Schriks M, Hebert A. Analysis of endocrine activity in drinking water, surface water and treated wastewater from six countries. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 139:10-18. [PMID: 29621713 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment can contain numerous micropollutants and there are concerns about endocrine activity in environmental waters and the potential impacts on human and ecosystem health. In this study a complementary chemical analysis and in vitro bioassay approach was applied to evaluate endocrine activity in treated wastewater, surface water and drinking water samples from six countries (Germany, Australia, France, South Africa, the Netherlands and Spain). The bioassay test battery included assays indicative of seven endocrine pathways, while 58 different chemicals, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals and industrial compounds, were analysed by targeted chemical analysis. Endocrine activity was below the limit of quantification for most water samples, with only two of six treated wastewater samples and two of six surface water samples exhibiting estrogenic, glucocorticoid, progestagenic and/or anti-mineralocorticoid activity above the limit of quantification. Based on available effect-based trigger values (EBT) for estrogenic and glucocorticoid activity, some of the wastewater and surface water samples were found to exceed the EBT, suggesting these environmental waters may pose a potential risk to ecosystem health. In contrast, the lack of bioassay activity and low detected chemical concentrations in the drinking water samples do not suggest a risk to human endocrine health, with all samples below the relevant EBTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Charlotte Arnal
- Veolia Research & Innovation, 78600 Maisons-Laffitte, France
| | - Natalie H Aneck-Hahn
- Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM/Université de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Auguste Bruchet
- CIRSEE (Centre International de Recherche Sur l'Eau et l'Environnement) - Suez Environnement, 78230 Le Pecq, France
| | - Beate I Escher
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport QLD 4222, Australia; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geosciences, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mar Esperanza
- CIRSEE (Centre International de Recherche Sur l'Eau et l'Environnement) - Suez Environnement, 78230 Le Pecq, France
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM/Université de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Gaela Leroy
- Veolia Research & Innovation, 78600 Maisons-Laffitte, France
| | - Marco Scheurer
- DVGW - Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Str.84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rita Schlichting
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Merijn Schriks
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Vitens drinking water company, 8019 BE Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Armelle Hebert
- Veolia Research & Innovation, 78600 Maisons-Laffitte, France
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38
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Escher BI, Aїt-Aїssa S, Behnisch PA, Brack W, Brion F, Brouwer A, Buchinger S, Crawford SE, Du Pasquier D, Hamers T, Hettwer K, Hilscherová K, Hollert H, Kase R, Kienle C, Tindall AJ, Tuerk J, van der Oost R, Vermeirssen E, Neale PA. Effect-based trigger values for in vitro and in vivo bioassays performed on surface water extracts supporting the environmental quality standards (EQS) of the European Water Framework Directive. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:748-765. [PMID: 29454215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Effect-based methods including cell-based bioassays, reporter gene assays and whole-organism assays have been applied for decades in water quality monitoring and testing of enriched solid-phase extracts. There is no common EU-wide agreement on what level of bioassay response in water extracts is acceptable. At present, bioassay results are only benchmarked against each other but not against a consented measure of chemical water quality. The EU environmental quality standards (EQS) differentiate between acceptable and unacceptable surface water concentrations for individual chemicals but cannot capture the thousands of chemicals in water and their biological action as mixtures. We developed a method that reads across from existing EQS and includes additional mixture considerations with the goal that the derived effect-based trigger values (EBT) indicate acceptable risk for complex mixtures as they occur in surface water. Advantages and limitations of various approaches to read across from EQS are discussed and distilled to an algorithm that translates EQS into their corresponding bioanalytical equivalent concentrations (BEQ). The proposed EBT derivation method was applied to 48 in vitro bioassays with 32 of them having sufficient information to yield preliminary EBTs. To assess the practicability and robustness of the proposed approach, we compared the tentative EBTs with observed environmental effects. The proposed method only gives guidance on how to derive EBTs but does not propose final EBTs for implementation. The EBTs for some bioassays such as those for estrogenicity are already mature and could be implemented into regulation in the near future, while for others it will still take a few iterations until we can be confident of the power of the proposed EBTs to differentiate good from poor water quality with respect to chemical contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate I Escher
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Centre for Applied Geosciences, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Selim Aїt-Aїssa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, Unité d'Ecotoxicologie, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Werner Brack
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - François Brion
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, Unité d'Ecotoxicologie, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | | | - Sarah E Crawford
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Timo Hamers
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Klára Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Kase
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Kienle
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Tindall
- Laboratoire Watchfrog, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91 000 Evry, France
| | - Jochen Tuerk
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e.V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, D-47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ron van der Oost
- Waternet Institute for the Urban Water Cycle, Department of Technology, Research and Engineering, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etienne Vermeirssen
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
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Itzel F, Jewell KS, Leonhardt J, Gehrmann L, Nielsen U, Ternes TA, Schmidt TC, Tuerk J. Comprehensive analysis of antagonistic endocrine activity during ozone treatment of hospital wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:1443-1454. [PMID: 29929255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the discharge of micropollutants, advanced wastewater treatment methods were investigated in the last years. Estrogenic effects were found to be reduced by ozonation. These activities are usually measured using genetically modified cell-based tests. As these bioassays are representing a sum parameter, also inhibitory effects such as antagonistic effects need to be further investigated as they are potentially reducing the detected activities. Therefore, a direct comparison of chemical target analysis and biological equivalent concentrations measured by bioassays is often difficult. To investigate the fate of antagonistic activities and their role in mixtures with agonistic activities, two hospital wastewater treatment plants were studied after different treatment steps. Thereby highly enriched samples were analyzed by a combination of bioassays with chemical target and non-target analyses. In order to achieve an in-depth characterization of the antagonistic activities a fractionation of the enriched samples was performed. To identify relevant compounds an effect directed identification approach was used by combining high-resolution mass spectrometry and bioassays. The results showed a high reduction for estrogene and androgene activities. However, a constant antagonistic activity after membrane bioreactor and ozone treatment was observed. A reduction of the antagonistic activity was observed after passing an activated carbon filter. The fractionation approach showed a specific finger-print of each sample of the different treatment steps. Hereby we could show that the composition of agonistic and antagonistic active compounds is changing after each treatment step while the overall measured activity stays the same. Using fractionation and the combination of bioassays the number of relevant features detected by chemical non-target screening could be reduced by >85%. As a result the phosphorous flame retardant TCEP could be identified as anti-estrogene active. Future research should be done to identify more antagonistic active compounds and potentially active transformation products after ozone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Itzel
- Institut für Energie - und Umwelttechnik e. V., (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany; University of Duisburg-Essen, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Kevin S Jewell
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Juri Leonhardt
- Institut für Energie - und Umwelttechnik e. V., (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Linda Gehrmann
- Institut für Energie - und Umwelttechnik e. V., (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Nielsen
- DHI Urban Water, Agern Alle 5, 2970 Horsholm, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstr. 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jochen Tuerk
- Institut für Energie - und Umwelttechnik e. V., (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.
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Neale PA, Brack W, Aït-Aïssa S, Busch W, Hollender J, Krauss M, Maillot-Maréchal E, Munz NA, Schlichting R, Schulze T, Vogler B, Escher BI. Solid-phase extraction as sample preparation of water samples for cell-based and other in vitro bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:493-504. [PMID: 29493668 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00555e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In vitro bioassays are increasingly used for water quality monitoring. Surface water samples often need to be enriched to observe an effect and solid-phase extraction (SPE) is commonly applied for this purpose. The applied methods are typically optimised for the recovery of target chemicals and not for effect recovery for bioassays. A review of the few studies that have evaluated SPE recovery for bioassays showed a lack of experimentally determined recoveries. Therefore, we systematically measured effect recovery of a mixture of 579 organic chemicals covering a wide range of physicochemical properties that were spiked into a pristine water sample and extracted using large volume solid-phase extraction (LVSPE). Assays indicative of activation of xenobiotic metabolism, hormone receptor-mediated effects and adaptive stress responses were applied, with non-specific effects determined through cytotoxicity measurements. Overall, effect recovery was found to be similar to chemical recovery for the majority of bioassays and LVSPE blanks had no effect. Multi-layer SPE exhibited greater recovery of spiked chemicals compared to LVSPE, but the blanks triggered cytotoxicity at high enrichment. Chemical recovery data together with single chemical effect data were used to retrospectively estimate with reverse recovery modelling that there was typically less than 30% effect loss expected due to reduced SPE recovery in published surface water monitoring studies. The combination of targeted experiments and mixture modelling clearly shows the utility of SPE as a sample preparation method for surface water samples, but also emphasizes the need for adequate controls when extraction methods are adapted from chemical analysis workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Werner Brack
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. and RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Selim Aït-Aïssa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Wibke Busch
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland and Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | - Nicole A Munz
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland and Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Schlichting
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Bernadette Vogler
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Beate I Escher
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia and UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. and Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geosciences, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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Wangmo C, Jarque S, Hilscherová K, Bláha L, Bittner M. In vitro assessment of sex steroids and related compounds in water and sediments - a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:270-287. [PMID: 29251308 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Detection of endocrine disrupting compounds in water and sediment samples has gained much importance since the evidence of their effects was reported in aquatic ecosystems in the 1990s. The aim of this review is to highlight the advances made in the field of in vitro analysis for the detection of hormonally active compounds with estrogenic, androgenic and progestogenic effects in water and sediment samples. In vitro assays have been developed from yeast, mammalian and in a few cases from fish cells. These assays are based either on the hormone-mediated proliferation of sensitive cell lines or on the hormone-mediated expression of reporter genes. In vitro assays in combination with various sample enrichment methods have been used with limits of detection as low as 0.0027 ng L-1 in water, and 0.0026 ng g-1 in sediments for estrogenicity, 0.1 ng L-1 in water, and 0.5 ng g-1 in sediments for androgenicity, and 5 ng L-1 in water for progestogenicity expressed as equivalent concentrations of standard reference compounds of 17β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone and progesterone, respectively. The experimental results and limits of quantification, however, are influenced by the methods of sample collection, preparation, and individual laboratory practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimi Wangmo
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment - RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Guo W, Van Langenhove K, Denison MS, Baeyens W, Elskens M, Gao Y. Estrogenic Activity Measurements in Water Using Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Film Coupled with an Estrogen Bioassay. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13357-13364. [PMID: 29151339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel type of diffusive gradients in thin-film (DGT) was combined with a chemically activated luciferase gene expression bioassay (CALUX) to measure estrogens in aquatic systems. The performance of this novel method was assessed with 17β-estradiol (E2) as the model steroid hormone, XAD 18 resin gel as the binding phase in the DGT method and VM7Luc4E2 cells (formerly BG1Luc4E2) for the Estrogen Responsive Element (ERE)-CALUX bioassay. The measured effective diffusion coefficient of E2 in agarose diffusive gel was 4.65 ± 0.37 × 10-6 cm2 s-1 at 25 °C. The detection limit of this combined DGT/ERE-CALUX method for 1 day of sampling (0.026 ± 0.003 ng L-1 of E2) is significantly lower than that obtained by spot sampling combined with GC-MS/MS or LC-MS/MS analysis (0.1-7.0 ng L-1). The method is independent of pH (5-8), ionic strength (0.001-0.5 M), and dissolved organic matter (DOM; concentrations up to 30 mg L-1). Field applications of this novel DGT in effluents of three sewage treatment plants in Beijing city (China) showed comparable results to conventional spot (grab) sampling. This study demonstrates that the combined DGT/ERE-CALUX approach is an effective and sensitive tool for in situ monitoring of estrogenic activity in waters and wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Kersten Van Langenhove
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis (UC Davis) , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Yue Gao
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
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Välitalo P, Massei R, Heiskanen I, Behnisch P, Brack W, Tindall AJ, Du Pasquier D, Küster E, Mikola A, Schulze T, Sillanpää M. Effect-based assessment of toxicity removal during wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 126:153-163. [PMID: 28941401 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wastewaters contain complex mixtures of chemicals, which can cause adverse toxic effects in the receiving environment. In the present study, the toxicity removal during wastewater treatment at seven municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was investigated using an effect-based approach. A battery of eight bioassays was applied comprising of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, endocrine disruption and fish embryo toxicity assays. Human cell-based CALUX assays, transgenic larval models and the fish embryo toxicity test were particularly sensitive to WWTP effluents. The results indicate that most effects were significantly reduced or completely removed during wastewater treatment (76-100%), while embryo toxicity, estrogenic activity and thyroid disruption were still detectable in the effluents suggesting that some harmful substances remain after treatment. The responsiveness of the bioassays was compared and the human cell-based CALUX assays showed highest responsiveness in the samples. Additionally, the fish embryo toxicity test and the transgenic larval models for endocrine disrupting effects showed high responsiveness at low sample concentrations in nearly all of the effluent samples. The results showed a similar effect pattern among all WWTPs investigated, indicating that the wastewater composition could be rather similar at different locations. There were no considerable differences in the toxicity removal efficiencies of the treatment plants and no correlation was observed with WWTP characteristics, such as process configuration or sludge age. This study demonstrated that a biotest battery comprising of multiple endpoints can serve as a powerful tool when assessing water quality or water treatment efficiency in a holistic manner. Rather than analyzing the concentrations of a few selected chemicals, bioassays can be used to complement traditional methods of monitoring in the future by assessing sum-parameter based effects, such as mixture effects, and tackling chemicals that are present at concentrations below chemical analytical detection limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Välitalo
- Finnish Environment Institute, Laboratory Centre, Hakuninmaantie 6, 00430, Helsinki, Finland; Aalto University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tietotie 1E, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Riccardo Massei
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ilse Heiskanen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Laboratory Centre, Hakuninmaantie 6, 00430, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Werner Brack
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Eberhard Küster
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Mikola
- Aalto University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tietotie 1E, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Sillanpää
- Finnish Environment Institute, Laboratory Centre, Hakuninmaantie 6, 00430, Helsinki, Finland
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Itzel F, Gehrmann L, Bielak H, Ebersbach P, Boergers A, Herbst H, Maus C, Simon A, Dopp E, Hammers-Wirtz M, Schmidt TC, Tuerk J. Investigation of full-scale ozonation at a municipal wastewater treatment plant using a toxicity-based evaluation concept. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1242-1258. [PMID: 28880814 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1369663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are known to be point sources of micropollutants for surface waters. The aim of this study was to examine a reconstructed full-scale ozonation equipped with a pump-injector system for ozone (O3) dosage and a fluidized moving-bed reactor as biological posttreatment at a municipal WWTP utilizing an effect-directed approach. This approach consists of chemical analysis in combination with toxicological tests for the assessment of treatment efficiency of the plant. Chemical analysis showed elimination rates > 80% for pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals. Analysis of endocrine disruptors was limited due to substance concentrations below the limit of detection (LOD). Estrogenic activity was detected by the Arxula Adeninivorans yeast estrogen screen (A-YES) at low concentrations (pg to ng EEQ/l range). Estrogenic activity was reduced by more than 90% after ozonation. In contrast, androgenic activity (measured in the Adeninivorans yeast androgen screen, A-YAS) was still found after O3 treatment and after biological posttreatment, which is consistent with the data obtained by chemical analysis. Furthermore, no marked genotoxic or cytotoxic effects were observed after ozonation using the alkaline comet and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromid (MTT) assays, respectively. Results suggest that the applied specific O3 dose of 0.4 mgO3/mgDOC is a safe operation setup in terms of toxicologically relevant transformation products. In addition, no adverse effects on primary producers, as evidenced by algae growth inhibition tests, were detected. The monitored biofilm growth in the biological posttreatment exhibited a steady state after one month. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and biomass, one might conclude that O3 did not apparently enter biological posttreatment to a great extent and that hydraulic retention time in the O3 reactor was sufficient. Our data demonstrate the effectiveness of a full-scale O3 treatment in combination with a fluidized moving-bed reactor as biological posttreatment for the reduction of a majority of micropollutants without the release of relevant toxic transformation products as assessed by a chemical and toxicity-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Itzel
- a Department of Environmental Hygiene & Micropollutants , Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology) , Duisburg , Germany
- b Instrumental Analytical Chemistry (IAC), Faculty of Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
- c Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Linda Gehrmann
- a Department of Environmental Hygiene & Micropollutants , Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology) , Duisburg , Germany
| | - Helena Bielak
- c Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
- d Department of Toxicology , IWW Zentrum Wasser , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Paul Ebersbach
- a Department of Environmental Hygiene & Micropollutants , Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology) , Duisburg , Germany
- e Department for CARS-Microscopy , Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V ., Dortmund , Germany
| | - Andrea Boergers
- a Department of Environmental Hygiene & Micropollutants , Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology) , Duisburg , Germany
| | - Heinrich Herbst
- f Department of Process Engineering Water , Sweco GmbH , Cologne , Germany
| | - Christian Maus
- f Department of Process Engineering Water , Sweco GmbH , Cologne , Germany
| | - Anne Simon
- c Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
- d Department of Toxicology , IWW Zentrum Wasser , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Elke Dopp
- c Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
- d Department of Toxicology , IWW Zentrum Wasser , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Monika Hammers-Wirtz
- g Department of Ecotoxicology , GAIAC, Forschungsinstitut für Ökosystemanalyse und -bewertung e.V ., Aachen , Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- b Instrumental Analytical Chemistry (IAC), Faculty of Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
- c Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
- d Department of Toxicology , IWW Zentrum Wasser , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Jochen Tuerk
- a Department of Environmental Hygiene & Micropollutants , Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology) , Duisburg , Germany
- c Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
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Potakis N, Frontistis Z, Antonopoulou M, Konstantinou I, Mantzavinos D. Oxidation of bisphenol A in water by heat-activated persulfate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 195:125-132. [PMID: 27240715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The heat-activated persulfate oxidation of bisphenol A (BPA), a representative endocrine disrupting compound, was investigated with respect to the effect of several process variables on degradation rates. The activation temperature appears to be the single most important parameter, i.e. a temperature increase from 40 to 70 °C results in an 80-fold rate increase. Regarding initial BPA concentration, the reaction follows a pseudo-first order rate expression, where the kinetic constant decreases from 11.5 10-2 to 3.5 10-2 min-1 when BPA concentration increases from 110 to 440 μg/L. Reactions in actual water matrices, such as bottled water and secondary treated wastewater, are slower than in pure water since various organic/inorganic water constituents compete with BPA for being oxidized by the reactive oxidizing species; this was confirmed with experiments in pure water spiked with humic acid or bicarbonate. Interestingly though, the presence of chloride seems to promote BPA degradation. Furthermore, degradation is favored at near-neutral pH and increased sodium persulfate (SPS) concentrations. Experiments at an increased BPA concentration of 20 mg/L were performed to identify transformation by-products (TBPs), as well as assess the mineralization and toxicity of the treated samples. Liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) revealed the formation of eleven TBPs of BPA and plausible pathways including hydroxylation, oxidation, cleavage and oligomerization reactions are proposed. Mineralization occurs slower than BPA degradation, while the toxicity to marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri increases during the early stages of the reaction but it progressively decreases thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Potakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece.
| | - Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Environmental & Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St., GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | | | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
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Juhola R, Heponiemi A, Tuomikoski S, Hu T, Vielma T, Lassi U. Preparation of Novel Fe Catalysts from Industrial By-Products: Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Bisphenol A. Top Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-017-0829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Conley JM, Evans N, Cardon MC, Rosenblum L, Iwanowicz LR, Hartig PC, Schenck KM, Bradley PM, Wilson VS. Occurrence and In Vitro Bioactivity of Estrogen, Androgen, and Glucocorticoid Compounds in a Nationwide Screen of United States Stream Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4781-4791. [PMID: 28401766 PMCID: PMC11247474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In vitro bioassays are sensitive, effect-based tools used to quantitatively screen for chemicals with nuclear receptor activity in environmental samples. We measured in vitro estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity, along with a broad suite of chemical analytes, in streamwater from 35 well-characterized sites (3 reference and 32 impacted) across 24 states and Puerto Rico. ER agonism was the most frequently detected with nearly all sites (34/35) displaying activity (range, 0.054-116 ng E2Eq L-1). There was a strong linear relationship (r2 = 0.917) between in vitro ER activity and concentrations of steroidal estrogens after correcting for the in vitro potency of each compound. AR agonism was detected in 5/35 samples (range, 1.6-4.8 ng DHTEq L-1) but concentrations of androgenic compounds were largely unable to account for the in vitro activity. Similarly, GR agonism was detected in 9/35 samples (range, 6.0-43 ng DexEq L-1); however, none of the recognized GR-active compounds on the target-chemical analyte list were detected. The utility of in vitro assays in water quality monitoring was evident from both the quantitative agreement between ER activity and estrogen concentrations, as well as the detection of AR and GR activity for which there were limited or no corresponding target-chemical detections to explain the bioactivity. Incorporation of in vitro bioassays as complements to chemical analyses in standard water quality monitoring efforts would allow for more complete assessment of the chemical mixtures present in many surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Conley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Nicola Evans
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Mary C Cardon
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Laura Rosenblum
- CB&I Federal Services , Cincinnati, Ohio 45212 United States
| | - Luke R Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey/Leetown Science Center , Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430 United States
| | - Phillip C Hartig
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Kathleen M Schenck
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Risk Management Research Laboratory/Water Supply and Water Resources Division , Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 United States
| | - Paul M Bradley
- U.S. Geological Survey/South Atlantic Water Science Center , Columbia, South Carolina 29210 United States
| | - Vickie S Wilson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
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Al-Saleh I, Elkhatib R, Al-Rajoudi T, Al-Qudaihi G. Assessing the concentration of phthalate esters (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA) and the genotoxic potential of treated wastewater (final effluent) in Saudi Arabia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:440-451. [PMID: 27836348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizers such as phthalate esters (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA) are highly persistent organic pollutants that tend to bio-accumulate in humans through the soil-plant-animal food chain. Some studies have reported the potential carcinogenic and teratogenic effects in addition to their estrogenic activities. Water resources are scarce in Saudi Arabia, and several wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) have been constructed for agricultural and industrial use. This study was designed to: (1) measure the concentrations of BPA and six PAEs, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP), in secondary- and tertiary-treated wastewater collected from five WTPs in three Saudi cities for four to five weeks and (2) test their potential genotoxicity. Three genotoxicological parameters were used: % tail DNA (%T), tail moment (TM) and percentage micronuclei (%MN). Both DBP and DEHP were detected in all treated wastewater samples. DMP, DEP, BBP, DOP, and BPA were found in 83.3, 84.2, 79, 73.7 and 97.4% of the samples, respectively. The levels of DMP (p<0.001), DOP (p<0.001) and BPA (p=0.001) were higher in tertiary- treated wastewater than secondary-treated wastewater, perhaps due to the influence of the molecular weight and polarity of the chemicals. Both weekly sampling frequency and WTP locations significantly affected the variability in our data. Treated wastewater from Wadi Al-Araj was able to induce DNA damage (%T and TM) in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells that was statistically higher than wastewater from all other WTPs and in untreated TK6 cells (negative control). %MN in samples from both Wadi Al-Araj and Manfouah did not differ statistically but was significantly higher than in the untreated TK6 cells. This study also showed that the samples of tertiary-treated wastewater had a higher genotoxicological potential to induce DNA damage than the samples of secondary-treated wastewater. BPA and some PAEs in the treated wastewater might have the potential to induce genetic damage, despite their low levels. Genotoxicity, however, may also have been due to the presence of other contaminants. Our preliminary findings should be of concern to Saudi agriculture because long-term irrigation with treated wastewater could lead to the accumulation of PAEs and BPA in the soil and ultimately reach the human and animal food chain. WTPs need to remove pollutants more efficiently. Until then, a cautious use of treated wastewater for irrigation is recommended to avoid serious health impacts on local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rola Elkhatib
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahreer Al-Rajoudi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghofran Al-Qudaihi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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