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Chakraborty P, Krishnani KK, Mulchandani A, Paniprasad K, Sarkar DJ, Sawant PB, Kumar N, Sarkar B, Mallik A, Pal P, Nagendrasai K, Das BK. Speciation-specific chromium bioaccumulation and detoxification in fish using hydrogel microencapsulated biogenic nanosilver and zeolite synergizing with biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:298. [PMID: 38980518 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Grass carp intestinal waste-mediated biosynthesized nanosilver (AgNPs) was valorized using guaran and zeolite matrices, resulting in AgNPs-guaran, AgNPs-zeolite, and AgNPs-guaran -zeolite composites. The valorized products were examined using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray Diffraction analysis to confirm uniform dispersion and entrapment of AgNPs within the matrixes. These valorized products were evaluated for their efficacy in detoxifying the ubiquitous and toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) in aquatic environments, with Anabas testudineus exposed to 2 mg l-1 of Cr6+ for 60 days. Remarkable reduction of Cr6+ concentration to 0.86 ± 0.007 mg l-1 was achieved with AgNPs-guaran-zeolite composite, indicating successful reclamation of contaminated water and food safety assurance. Consistency in results was further corroborated by minimal stress-related alterations in fish physiological parameters and integrated biomarker response within the experimental group treated with the AgNPs-guaran-zeolite composite. Despite observed chromium accumulation in fish tissues, evidence of physiological stability was apparent, potentially attributable to trivalent chromium accumulation, serving as an essential nutrient for the fish. Additionally, the challenge study involving Anabas testudineus exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila exhibited the lowest cumulative mortality (11.11%) and highest survival rate (87.5%) within the same experimental group. The current study presents a novel approach encompassing the valorization of AgNPs for Cr6+ detoxification under neutral to alkaline pH conditions, offering a comprehensive framework for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Chakraborty
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Kishore Kumar Krishnani
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834010, India.
| | - Ashok Mulchandani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Kurcheti Paniprasad
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Paramita Banerjee Sawant
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra, 413115, India
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834010, India
| | - Abhijit Mallik
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Prasenjit Pal
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, 799210, India
| | - Kurapati Nagendrasai
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
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Khansari AR, Wallbom N, Sundh H, Sandblom E, Tort L, Jönsson E. Sea water acclimation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) modulates the mucosal transcript immune response induced by Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida vaccine, and prevents further transcription of stress-immune genes in response to acute stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109733. [PMID: 38944251 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal tissues appear to be more important in fish than in mammals due to living in a microbial-rich aquatic milieu, yet the complex interaction between the immune and the neuroendocrine system in these tissues remains elusive. The aim of this work was to investigate the mucosal immune response in immunized rainbow trout vaccinated with Alpha ject vaccine (bivalent), kept in fresh water (FW) or transferred to seawater (SW), and to evaluate their response to acute stress (chasing). Acute stress resulted in higher levels of plasma cortisol (Sham + Stress and Vaccine + Stress). A similar response was observed in skin mucus, but it was lower in Vaccine + Stress compared with stressed fish. With a few exceptions, minimal alterations were detected in the transcriptomic profile of stress-immune gene in the skin of vaccinated and stressed fish in both FW and SW. In the gills, the stress elicited activation of key stress-immune components (gr1, mr, β-ar, hsp70, c3, lysozyme, α-enolase, nadph oxidase, il1β, il6, tnfα, il10 and tgfβ1) in FW, but fewer immune changes were induced by the vaccine (nadph oxidase, il6, tnfα, il10 and igt) in both SW and FW. In the intestine, an array of immune genes was activated by the vaccine particularly those related with B cells (igm, igt) and T cells (cd8α) in FW with no stimulation observed in SW. Therefore, our survey on the transcriptomic mucosal response demonstrates that the immune protection conferred by the vaccine to the intestine is modulated in SW. Overall, our results showed: i) plasma and skin mucus cortisol showed no additional stress effect induced by prolonged SW acclimation, ii) the stress and immune response were different among mucosal tissues which indicates a tissue-specific response to specific antigens/stressor. Further, the results suggest that the systemic immune organs may be more implicated in infectious events in SW (as few changes were observed in the mucosal barriers of immunized fish in SW) than in FW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Khansari
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7B, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Nicklas Wallbom
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7B, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7B, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Erik Sandblom
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7B, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Jönsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7B, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
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Makri V, Giantsis IA, Nathanailides C, Feidantsis K, Antonopoulou E, Theodorou JA, Michaelidis B. Seasonal energy investment and metabolic patterns in a farmed fish. J Therm Biol 2024; 123:103894. [PMID: 38879912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The present research focuses on the seasonal changes in the energy content and metabolic patterns of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) sampled in a fish farm in North Evoikos Gulf (Greece). The study was designed in an effort to evaluate the influence of seasonality in several physiological feauteres of high commercial importance that may affect feed intake and growth. We determined glycogen, lipids and proteins levels, and cellular energy allocation (CEA) as a valuable marker of exposure to stress, which integrates available energy (Ea) and energy consumption (Ec). Metabolic patterns and aerobic oxidation potential were based on the determination of glucose transporter (GLU), carnitine transporter (CTP), L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH), citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome C oxidase subunit IV isoform 1 (COX1) and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD) relative gene expression. To integrate metabolic patterns and gene expression, L-LDH, CS, COX and HOAD activities were also determined. For further estimation of biological stores oxidized during seasonal acclimatization, we determined the blood levels of glucose, lipids and lactate. The results indicated seasonal changes in energy content, different patterns in gene expression and reorganization of metabolic patterns during cool acclimatization with increased lipid oxidation. During warm acclimatization, however, energy consumption was mostly based on carbohydrates oxidation. The decrease of Ec and COX1 activity in the warm exposed heart seem to be consistent with the OCLTT hypothesis, suggesting that the heart may be one of the first organs to be limited during seasonal warming. Overall, this study has profiled changes in energetics and metabolic patterns occurring at annual temperatures at which P. pagrus is currently farmed, suggesting that this species is living at the upper edge of their thermal window, at least during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Makri
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - John A Theodorou
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Patras, GR-26504, Mesolonghi, Greece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
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Azeredo R, Peixoto D, Santos P, Duarte I, Ricardo A, Aragão C, Machado M, Costas B. Dietary Tryptophan Plays a Role as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent in European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles during Chronic Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:309. [PMID: 38785791 PMCID: PMC11117642 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Where teleost fish are concerned, studies in tryptophan immunomodulation generally point to immunosuppressive properties, thus presenting a potential anti-inflammatory dietary strategy. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the effects of tryptophan dietary supplementation on immune and neuroendocrine responses of the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, undergoing chronic inflammation. Juvenile European seabass were intraperitoneally injected with either Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA, inflamed group) or a saline solution (control group). Within each group, fish were fed a control (CTRL) and a CTRL-based diet supplemented with tryptophan (0.3% DM basis; TRP) for 4 weeks. Different tissues were sampled every week for the assessment of immune-related parameters. When TRP was provided to FIA-injected fish, mcsfr gene expression increased from 1 to 2 weeks and remained high until the end of the experiment. The same fish showed a concurrent increase in peripheral monocyte counts. Moreover, il34 expression at 1 week post-FIA injection was higher in TRP-fed than in CTRL-fed fish. After one week, molecular patterns of anti-inflammatory processes seemed to be favoured by TRP (mcsfr, gr1, il34 and tgfβ). Altogether, the results show that the feeding period seems to be critical where tryptophan supplementation is concerned since at later inflammatory stages-and longer feeding periods-fish fed TRP displayed a molecular profile similar to that of the CTRL group. In contrast, shorter administration periods might accelerate immune regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Diogo Peixoto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Duarte
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Ricardo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Aragão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Campus da Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Marina Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Luo M, Zhu W, Liang Z, Feng B, Xie X, Li Y, Liu Y, Shi X, Fu J, Miao L, Dong Z. High-temperature stress response: Insights into the molecular regulation of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) using a multi-omics approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170329. [PMID: 38280591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
High temperature is an important abiotic stressor that limits the survival and growth of aquatic organisms. American shad (Alosa sapidissima), a migratory fish suitable for culturing at low temperatures, is known for its delicious taste and thus has high economic value. Studies concerning changes in A. sapidissima under high temperature are limited, especially at the gene expression and protein levels. High-temperature stress significantly reduced the survival rates and increased vacuolar degeneration and inflammatory infiltration in the gills and liver. High temperature increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and cortisol, with a trend of initial increase followed by decreases in MDA, ALP, and LDH, and irregular changes in T-AOC and Na-K-ATPase. Comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome of gills from fish treated with different culture temperatures (24, 27, and 30 °C) revealed that differentially expressed genes, proteins, and metabolites were highly enriched in pathways involved in protein digestion and absorption, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, metabolic pathways, and purine metabolism. Gene expression and protein profiles indicated that genes coding for antioxidants (i.e., cat and alpl) and members of the heat shock protein (i.e., HSP70, HSP90AA1, and HSP5) were significantly upregulated. Additionally, a conjoint analysis revealed that several key enzymes, including nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2, adenosine deaminase, and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5/6 were altered, thereby affecting the metabolism of guanosine, guanine, and inosine. An interaction network further confirmed that levels of the essential amino acids DL-arginine and L-histidine were significantly reduced, and corticosterone levels were significantly increased, suggesting that A. sapidissima may be more dependent on amino acids for energy in vivo. Overall, this work suggests that living in a high-temperature environment leads to differential defense responses in fishes. The results provide novel perspectives for studying the molecular basis of adaptation to climate change in A. sapidissima and for genetic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengyuan Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingbing Feng
- Fisheries Technology Extension Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- Zhenjiang Xinrun Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiulan Shi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linghong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaijie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Bano S, Khan N, Fatima M, Khalique A, Arslan M, Nazir S, Asghar M, Khizar A, Davies SJ, Wan AHL. Enhancing farmed striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) robustness through dietary β-glucan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298414. [PMID: 38483918 PMCID: PMC10939287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
β-glucan is a well-documented feed additive for its potent immunostimulatory properties in many farmed fish species. This study examined how it can also be a promising growth promoter, modulate antioxidant enzyme activities, and act as an anti-stress agent in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). A 12-week feeding experiment was untaken to determine the effects of dietary β-glucan supplementation at graded levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g kg-1). Measured indicators suggest that a dietary inclusion level of 1.5 g kg-1 β-glucan gave the highest positive responses: weight gain (120.10 g fish-1), survival (98.30%), and lower FCR (1.70) (P<0.05). Whole body proximate analysis had only revealed that crude protein was significantly affected by the dietary inclusion of β-glucan (P<0.05), with the highest protein content (19.70%) being in fish that were fed with 1.5 g kg-1 β-glucan. Although other inclusion levels (i.e., 0.5 and 1 g kg-1) of β-glucan did not enhance body protein content (P>0.05). The assessment of fatty acid composition in muscle, liver, and adipose tissues showed modifications with the inclusion of β-glucan. Antioxidative-related enzyme activities (inc. catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) that were measured in the liver had higher levels when fed with β-glucan inclusion diets (P<0.05). Following the feed trial, fish were subjected to crowding stress treatment. It was subsequently found that catfish fed with β-glucan-based diet groups had lower levels of blood stress-related indicators compared to the control group with no dietary β-glucan. The use of 1.5 g kg-1 of dietary β-glucan resulted in the lowest measured levels of cortisol (43.13 ng mL-1) and glucose (50.16 mg dL-1). This study has demonstrated that the dietary inclusion of β-glucan can have functional benefits beyond the immunological enhancements in striped catfish. Furthermore, its use can increase production levels and mitigate the stress associated with intensive farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeza Bano
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Khan
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahroze Fatima
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Murat Arslan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sadia Nazir
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khizar
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Simon John Davies
- Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit (ANRU), Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Carna, Connemara, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Alex H. L. Wan
- Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit (ANRU), Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Carna, Connemara, Co. Galway, Ireland
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Fox JA, Wyatt Toure M, Heckley A, Fan R, Reader SM, Barrett RDH. Insights into adaptive behavioural plasticity from the guppy model system. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232625. [PMID: 38471561 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Behavioural plasticity allows organisms to respond to environmental challenges on short time scales. But what are the ecological and evolutionary processes that underlie behavioural plasticity? The answer to this question is complex and requires experimental dissection of the physiological, neural and molecular mechanisms contributing to behavioural plasticity as well as an understanding of the ecological and evolutionary contexts under which behavioural plasticity is adaptive. Here, we discuss key insights that research with Trinidadian guppies has provided on the underpinnings of adaptive behavioural plasticity. First, we present evidence that guppies exhibit contextual, developmental and transgenerational behavioural plasticity. Next, we review work on behavioural plasticity in guppies spanning three ecological contexts (predation, parasitism and turbidity) and three underlying mechanisms (endocrinological, neurobiological and genetic). Finally, we provide three outstanding questions that could leverage guppies further as a study system and give suggestions for how this research could be done. Research on behavioural plasticity in guppies has provided, and will continue to provide, a valuable opportunity to improve understanding of the ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences of behavioural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janay A Fox
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - M Wyatt Toure
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada H3A 1B1
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York 10027-6902, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Heckley
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Raina Fan
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Simon M Reader
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada H3A 1B1
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Lee J, Park JW, Kim HI, Park CB, Cho SH. Thyroid-gonadal hormonal interplay in zebrafish exposed to sodium perchlorate: Implications for reproductive health. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140662. [PMID: 37949182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate, a widespread environmental contaminant originating from various industrial applications, agricultural practices, and natural sources, poses potential risks to ecosystems and human health. While previous studies have highlighted its influence on the thyroid endocrine system and its impact on gonadal maturation, reproduction, and sex hormone synthesis, the specific interplay between thyroid and steroid hormones, in this context, remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the adverse effects and underlying mechanisms triggered by exposure to sodium perchlorate (SP) on reproductive endocrine activity in zebrafish. For 21 d, the fish were exposed to test SP concentrations (0, 3, 30, 300 mg/L), which were determined based on the exposure concentrations that induced various toxic effects in the fish, considering naturally occurring concentrations. Exposure to SP, except at 3 mg/L in males, significantly decreased the production of thyroid hormone (TH) in both female and male zebrafish. Moreover, gonadal steroid levels were markedly reduced in both sexes. The expression of hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA in female zebrafish was significantly decreased, whereas aromatase activity in male zebrafish was significantly elevated in the SP exposure groups. The reduced levels of THs and gonadal steroid hormones were strongly correlated. Abnormal responses to SP exposure led to reduced reproductive success in the 300 mg/L SP exposure group. These findings indicate that prolonged and continuous exposure to a specific concentration of SP may lead to long-term reproductive problems in zebrafish, primarily through hormonal imbalances and suppression of hepatic VTG mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangjae Lee
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Woo Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh I Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Beom Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hee Cho
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Teng M, Li Y, Zhao X, White JC, Zhao L, Sun J, Zhu W, Wu F. Vitamin D modulation of brain-gut-virome disorder caused by polystyrene nanoplastics exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio). MICROBIOME 2023; 11:266. [PMID: 38008755 PMCID: PMC10680193 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have investigated how nanoplastics (NPs) exposure mediates nerve and intestinal toxicity through a dysregulated brain-gut axis interaction, but there are few studies aimed at alleviating those effects. To determine whether and how vitamin D can impact that toxicity, fish were supplemented with a vitamin D-low diet and vitamin D-high diet. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) accumulated in zebrafish brain and intestine, resulting in brain blood-brain barrier basement membrane damage and the vacuolization of intestinal goblet cells and mitochondria. A high concentration of vitamin D reduced the accumulation of PS-NPs in zebrafish brain tissues by 20% and intestinal tissues by 58.8% and 52.2%, respectively, and alleviated the pathological damage induced by PS-NPs. Adequate vitamin D significantly increased the content of serotonin (5-HT) and reduced the anxiety-like behavior of zebrafish caused by PS-NPs exposure. Virus metagenome showed that PS-NPs exposure affected the composition and abundance of zebrafish intestinal viruses. Differentially expressed viruses in the vitamin D-low and vitamin D-high group affected the secretion of brain neurotransmitters in zebrafish. Virus AF191073 was negatively correlated with neurotransmitter 5-HT, whereas KT319643 was positively correlated with malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the expression of cytochrome 1a1 (cyp1a1) and cytochrome 1b1 (cyp1b1) in the intestine. This suggests that AF191073 and KT319643 may be key viruses that mediate the vitamin D reduction in neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity induced by PS-NPs. CONCLUSION Vitamin D can alleviate neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity induced by PS-NPs exposure by directionally altering the gut virome. These findings highlight the potential of vitamin D to alleviate the brain-gut-virome disorder caused by PS-NPs exposure and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of NPs toxicity in aquaculture, that is, adding adequate vitamin D to diet. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Lihui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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10
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Pieniazek RH, Beach RK, Dycha GM, Mickle MF, Higgs DM. Navigating noisy waters: A review of field studies examining anthropogenic noise effects on wild fisha). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:2828-2842. [PMID: 37930177 DOI: 10.1121/10.0022254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is globally increasing in aquatic ecosystems, and there is concern that it may have adverse consequences in many fish species, yet the effects of noise in field settings are not well understood. Concern over the applicability of laboratory-conducted bioacoustic experiments has led to a call for, and a recent increase in, field-based studies, but the results have been mixed, perhaps due to the wide variety of techniques used and species studied. Previous reviews have explored the behavioral, physiological, and/or anatomical costs of fish exposed to anthropogenic noise, but few, if any, have focused on the field techniques and sound sources themselves. This review, therefore, aims to summarize, quantify, and interpret field-based literature, highlight novel approaches, and provide recommendations for future research into the effects of noise on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Pieniazek
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - R K Beach
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - G M Dycha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - M F Mickle
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - D M Higgs
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Vinatea L, Carbó R, Andree KB, Gisbert E, Estévez A. Rearing European Eel ( Anguilla anguilla) Elvers in a Biofloc System. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3234. [PMID: 37893957 PMCID: PMC10603747 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
European eel (Anguilla anguilla) elvers (initial body weight (BW) = 3 g) were raised in triplicate for 60 days in a biofloc system (BFT) at 21 °C. Data from the current first study evaluating this farming technology indicated that European eel elvers adapted well to BFT systems as data on growth performance (specific growth rate = 1.48% ± 0.13 BW/day and FCR = 1.05 ± 0.09) indicated, with production costs using BFT being lower than conventional RAS units. The most critical issues associated with this aquaculture system were the maintenance of the biofloc in tanks by the regular addition of refined sugar (46% C) to keep a relationship for C:N of 20:1, and the prevention of emergence of opportunistic pathogens like the monogenean Pseudodactylogyrus sp. The overall results of this study in terms of elvers' performance and quality and the composition of the biofloc material and its microbial composition indicated that BFT, which is considered to be one of the most cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly farming systems due to its zero water exchange and improvement of feed conversion ratio by the dietary contribution of bioflocs, may be satisfactorily used for farming European eels elvers at a density of 2 kg/m3. However, further studies are needed to test this technology with older eel stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vinatea
- Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88061-600, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricard Carbó
- Aquaculture Program, Centre de la Ràpita, Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Ctra. Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rapita, Spain; (R.C.); (K.B.A.); (A.E.)
| | - Karl B. Andree
- Aquaculture Program, Centre de la Ràpita, Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Ctra. Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rapita, Spain; (R.C.); (K.B.A.); (A.E.)
| | - Enric Gisbert
- Aquaculture Program, Centre de la Ràpita, Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Ctra. Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rapita, Spain; (R.C.); (K.B.A.); (A.E.)
| | - Alicia Estévez
- Aquaculture Program, Centre de la Ràpita, Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Ctra. Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rapita, Spain; (R.C.); (K.B.A.); (A.E.)
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12
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Cho SH, Pyo H, Lee J, Zee S, Kim E, Park JW, Park CB. Reproductive disorders linked to the interaction between sex steroid and thyroid hormonal activities, oxidative stress responses, and the rate of metabolism of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115535. [PMID: 37776817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the thyroid hormone disruption and reproductive dysfunction effects of the bioaccumulation and rate of mechanism in zebrafish exposed to tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), with stress responsiveness. The fish were exposed to test concentrations of TDCPP (0, 0.06, 0.3, 1.5 µg/mL) for 21 days, in accordance with no observed adverse effect level (i.e., < EC10) for zebrafish embryos. The bioaccumulation of TDCPP was found to be significantly higher in female zebrafish, while the metabolic rate was significantly higher in male zebrafish at all concentrations studied. The thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine [T3] and thyroxine [T4]) levels and sex steroid (i.e., estrogen, androgen, and progesterone) levels were significantly increased only in female zebrafish exposed to TDCPP, and no significant difference was observed in male zebrafish, although their cortisol levels increased. The response to TDCPP can, therefore, be considered sex-specific. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time, that the different response in the bioaccumulation and metabolic rate of TDCPP in males and females. The results also indicate that TDCPP alters thyroid hormone levels, furthermore, as steroidogenesis is related to reproductive function with differing response in males and females. TDCPP can be assumed to exert reproductive toxicity via disruption of thyroid and steroid synthesis through a slow metabolic rate in the whole body after exposure. Consequently, our proposed methodological approach to assess the interactions of thyroid and steroid biosynthesis and metabolic rate of TDCPP with reproductive toxicity will serve a testing strategy to examine the adverse outcomes of emerging environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Cho
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Pyo
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Chemdata Buseol International Advanced Analysis Institute, Goyang 10594, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangjae Lee
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggeun Zee
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Development of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Woo Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Beom Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Valcarce DG, Riesco MF, Martínez-Vázquez JM, Villanueva JLR, Robles V. Impact of different levels of handling on Solea senegalensis culture: effects on growth and molecular markers of stress. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023:10.1007/s10695-023-01239-9. [PMID: 37733196 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture routine practices may cause stress induction on the fish and compromise their welfare affecting the production. This experiment aimed to evaluate the potential links between handling during culture with stress responses and growth on Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). We worked with two fish cohorts in terms of initial body weight and culture stage: Trial 1 included specimens in the fattening stage (226 ± 4.96 g) and Trial 2 animals in the pre-fattening stage (27.20 ± 0.44 g). The tested culture protocol, which lasted 6 and 4 months for Trial 1 and 2, respectively, mainly reduced handling-derived stressors in the experimental tanks via lowering routine samplings to a minimum. This decrease of the handling-derived stress was reflected in both trials with lower concentration of circulating cortisol in blood plasma from the experimental fish when compared to controls. Moreover, the proposed protocol promoted higher growth in the fish cultured in the less disturbing protocol in Trial 2. Higher specific growth rates and mean body weight and length were reported. In order to further explore the potential beneficial effects of our protocol, we studied the musculoskeletal from Trial 2 gene expression of key genes regulating glucocorticoid signaling pathway and apoptosis: glucocorticoid receptors 1 and 2 (gr1, gr2), heat shock protein 90 AA (hsp90aa), and caspase 6 (casp6). In line with the cortisol reduced level in this trial, gr1, hsp90aa, and casp6 genes showed lower expression in the samples coming from the experimental group. The findings of this study provide valuable information to the aquaculture industry for the management of Solea senegalensis stress and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Valcarce
- Cell Biology Area, Molecular Biology Department, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander (COST-IEO), CSIC, Calle Severiano Ballesteros 16, 39004, Santander, Spain
| | - Marta F Riesco
- Cell Biology Area, Molecular Biology Department, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Martínez-Vázquez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander (COST-IEO), CSIC, Calle Severiano Ballesteros 16, 39004, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Vanesa Robles
- Cell Biology Area, Molecular Biology Department, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain.
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14
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Thorstensen MJ, Weinrauch AM, Bugg WS, Jeffries KM, Anderson WG. Tissue-specific transcriptomes reveal potential mechanisms of microbiome heterogeneity in an ancient fish. Database (Oxford) 2023; 2023:baad055. [PMID: 37590163 PMCID: PMC10434735 DOI: 10.1093/database/baad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) is an ancient, octoploid fish faced with conservation challenges across its range in North America, but a lack of genomic resources has hindered molecular research in the species. To support such research, we created a transcriptomic database from 13 tissues: brain, esophagus, gill, head kidney, heart, white muscle, liver, glandular stomach, muscular stomach, anterior intestine, pyloric cecum, spiral valve and rectum. The transcriptomes for each tissue were sequenced and assembled individually from a mean of 98.3 million (±38.9 million SD) reads each. In addition, an overall transcriptome was assembled and annotated with all data used for each tissue-specific transcriptome. All assembled transcriptomes and their annotations were made publicly available as a scientific resource. The non-gut transcriptomes provide important resources for many research avenues. However, we focused our analysis on messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) observations in the gut because the gut represents a compartmentalized organ system with compartmentalized functions, and seven of the sequenced tissues were from each of these portions. These gut-specific analyses were used to probe evidence of microbiome regulation by studying heterogeneity in microbial genes and genera identified from mRNA annotations. Gene set enrichment analyses were used to reveal the presence of photoperiod and circadian-related transcripts in the pyloric cecum, which may support periodicity in lake sturgeon digestion. Similar analyses were used to identify different types of innate immune regulation across the gut, while analyses of unique transcripts annotated to microbes revealed heterogeneous genera and genes among different gut tissues. The present results provide a scientific resource and information about the mechanisms of compartmentalized function across gut tissues in a phylogenetically ancient vertebrate. Database URL: https://figshare.com/projects/Lake_Sturgeon_Transcriptomes/133143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Thorstensen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 212B Biological Sciences Building, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Alyssa M Weinrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 212B Biological Sciences Building, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - William S Bugg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 212B Biological Sciences Building, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ken M Jeffries
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 212B Biological Sciences Building, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - W Gary Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 212B Biological Sciences Building, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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15
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Antomagesh F, Rajeswari JJ, Vijayan MM. Chronic cortisol elevation restricts glucose uptake but not insulin responsiveness in zebrafish skeletal muscle. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 336:114231. [PMID: 36791823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Although teleosts show an elevated insulin response to hyperglycemia, the circulating glucose levels are not normalized as rapidly as in mammals. While this may suggest a lack of target tissue insulin responsiveness, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated whether changes in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake underlie the cortisol-mediated elevated blood glucose levels. Adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to water-borne cortisol for 3 days followed by an intraperitoneal injection of glucose with or without insulin. Cortisol treatment resulted in a temporal delay in the reduction in blood glucose levels, and this corresponded with a reduced glucose uptake capacity and lower glycogen content in the skeletal muscle. The transcript abundance of slc2a1b (which encodes for GLUT1b) and a suite of genes encoding enzymes involved in muscle glycogenesis and glycolysis were upregulated in the cortisol group. Both the control and cortisol groups showed higher whole body insulin expression in response to blood glucose elevation, which also resulted in enhanced insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT in the skeletal muscle. The insulin-mediated phosphorylation of S6 kinase was lower in the cortisol group. Altogether, chronic cortisol stimulation restricts glucose uptake and enhances the glycolytic capacity without affecting insulin responsiveness in zebrafish skeletal muscle.
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16
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ELbialy ZI, Atef E, Al-Hawary II, Salah AS, Aboshosha AA, Abualreesh MH, Assar DH. Myostatin-mediated regulation of skeletal muscle damage post-acute Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1-17. [PMID: 36622623 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the relationship between myostatin (MyoS), myogenin (MyoG), and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis for muscle growth and histopathological changes in muscle after an Aeromonas hydrophila infection. A total number of 90 Nile tilapia (55.85 g) were randomly allocated into two equal groups of three replicates each. The first group was an uninfected control group that was injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 0.2 ml phosphate buffer saline (PBS), while the second group was injected ip with 0.2 ml (1.3 × 108 CFU/ml) Aeromonas hydrophila culture suspension. Sections of white muscle and liver tissues were taken from each group 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 1 week after infection for molecular analysis and histopathological examination. The results revealed that with time progression, the severity of muscle lesions increased from edema between bundles and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration 24 h post-challenge to severe atrophy of muscle bundles with irregular and curved fibers with hyalinosis of the fibers 1 week postinfection. The molecular analysis showed that bacterial infection was able to induce the muscle expression levels of GH with reduced ILGF-1, MyoS, and MyoG at 24 h postinfection. However, time progression postinfection reversed these findings through elevated muscle expression levels of MyoS with regressed expression levels of muscle GH, ILGF-1, and MyoG. There have been no previous reports on the molecular expression analysis of the aforementioned genes and muscle histopathological changes in Nile tilapia following acute Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Our findings, collectively, revealed that the up-and down-regulation of the myostatin signaling is likely to be involved in the postinfection-induced muscle wasting through the negative regulation of genes involved in muscle growth, such as GH, ILGF-1, and myogenin, in response to acute Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizy I ELbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Eman Atef
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim I Al-Hawary
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Salah
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Ali A Aboshosha
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Muyassar H Abualreesh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University (KAU), Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa H Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
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17
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Aedo JE, Zuloaga R, Aravena-Canales D, Molina A, Valdés JA. Role of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) skeletal muscle: A transcriptomic perspective of cortisol action. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1048008. [PMID: 36685183 PMCID: PMC9852899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1048008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is an essential regulator of neuroendocrine stress responses in teleost. Cortisol performs its effects through the modulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), activating gene expression. Until now the contribution of both receptors in the global transcriptional response in teleost skeletal muscle has not been explored. To understand in a comprehensive and global manner how GR and MR modulates the skeletal muscle transcriptomic response, we performed RNA-seq analysis. Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) pretreated with a suppressor of endogenous cortisol production were intraperitoneally injected with cortisol (10 mg/kg). We also included a treatment with mifepristone (GR antagonist) and eplerenone (MR antagonist) in the presence or absence of cortisol. cDNA libraries were constructed from the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout groups: vehicle, cortisol, mifepristone, eplerenone, mifepristone/cortisol and eplerenone/cortisol. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 135 transcripts were differentially expressed in cortisol vs. mifepristone/cortisol group, mainly associated to inflammatory response, ion transmembrane transport, and proteolysis. In the other hand, 68 transcripts were differentially expressed in cortisol vs. eplerenone/cortisol group, mainly associated to muscle contraction, and regulation of cell cycle. To validate these observations, we performed in vitro experiments using rainbow trout myotubes. In myotubes treated with cortisol, we found increased expression of cxcr2, c3, and clca3p mediated by GR, associated with inflammatory response, proteolysis, and ion transmembrane transport, respectively. Contrastingly, MR modulated the expression of myh2 and gadd45g mainly associated with muscle contraction and regulation of cell cycle, respectively. These results suggest that GR and MR have a differential participation in the physiological response to stress in teleost skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Aedo
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Zuloaga
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela Aravena-Canales
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Valdés
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile,*Correspondence: Juan Antonio Valdés,
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18
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Jiang H, Sun M, Zhao Y, Liu G, Zhong L, Xue H, Chen X, Zheng Y, Wang M. The early function of cortisol in liver during Aeromonas hydrophila infection: Dynamics of the transcriptome and accessible chromatin landscapes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:989075. [PMID: 36532002 PMCID: PMC9751032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.989075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is an important aquaculture species; however, haemorrhagic disease (Aeromonas hydrophila induced disease) in these fish has caused tremendous economic loss due to high morbidity and mass mortality in the breeding industry. The role of cortisol in bacterial diseases, particularly in the acute phase, remains unclear. In this study, liver transcriptome (RNA-seq) and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) analyses were employed to investigate the early functional role of cortisol in Aeromonas hydrophila-stimulated responses. Our experiments confirmed that A. hydrophila infection can initially significantly increase serum cortisol levels at 1 h after infection. At this time point, the increased serum cortisol levels can significantly regulate A. hydrophila-regulated genes by affecting both transcriptome and chromatin accessibility. Cross-analysis of RNA-seq and ATAC-seq revealed that a certain gene group (92 target_DEGs) was regulated at an early time point by cortisol. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the top three pathways according to target_DEGs were cancer, glutathione metabolism, and the Notch signalling pathway. The protein-protein interaction analysis of target_DEGs revealed that they may be primarily involved in cell proliferation, CD8+ T cell function, glutathione synthesis, and activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. This suggests that after the emergence of immune stress, the early regulation of cortisol is positive against the immune response. It is possible that in this situation, the animal is attempting to avoid dangerous situations and risks and then cope with the imbalance produced by the stressor to ultimately restore homeostasis. Our results will contribute to future research on fish and provide valuable insight regarding the mechanism of immune regulation by cortisol and the study of bacterial haemorrhagic disease in channel catfish.
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19
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Liu C, Liu R, Yang C, Wang L, Song L. Cortisol modulates glucose metabolism and oxidative response after acute high temperature stress in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:141-149. [PMID: 35561949 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is the main stress hormone that plays crucial roles in energy metabolism and immune response in vertebrates. In the present study, the homologues of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (designated Cg11β-HSD1) and 5α-reductase 1 (designated Cg5αR1), the key enzymes related to cortisol metabolism, were identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The Cg11β-HSD1 harbored a conserved SDR domain, and Cg5αR1 contained a Steroid_dh domain and three transmembrane domains. The mRNA transcripts of Cg11β-HSD1 and Cg5αR1 were constitutively expressed in all the examined tissues of oysters, with the highest expression level in haemocytes and labial palp, respectively. After acute high temperature stress (28 °C), the mRNA expression level of Cg11β-HSD1 in hepatopancreas significantly up-regulated at 6 h and 12 h, and that of Cg5αR1 significantly up-regulated at 6 h, compared with the Blank group (11 °C). The concentration of cortisol and glucose, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in hepatopancreas all significantly up-regulated after acute high temperature stress, while the glycogen concentration in adductor muscle decreased significantly at 6 h and 12 h. After the blockage of Cg11β-HSD1 with metyrapone, the cortisol concentration and the activities of SOD and CAT significantly decreased after acute high temperature stress, the glucose concentration in hepatopancreas significantly increased at 24 h, and the glycogen concentration in adductor muscle significantly increased at 6 h. These results collectively suggested that cortisol played a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism and oxidative response in oysters upon acute high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Ranyang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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High-Temperature Stress Effect on the Red Cusk-Eel (Geypterus chilensis) Liver: Transcriptional Modulation and Oxidative Stress Damage. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070990. [PMID: 36101373 PMCID: PMC9312335 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native Chilean species important for aquaculture diversification in Chile. The effect of high-temperature stress on the liver, a key organ for fish metabolism, is unknown. In this study we determined for the first time the effects of high-temperature stress on the liver of red cusk-eel. The results showed that high-temperature stress increased hepatic enzyme activity in the plasma of stressed fish. Additionally, this stressor generated oxidative damage in liver, and generated a transcriptional response with 1239 down-regulated and 1339 up-regulated transcripts associated with several processes, including unfolded protein response, heat shock response and oxidative stress, among others. Together, these results indicate that high-temperature stress generates a relevant impact on liver, with should be considered for the aquaculture and fisheries industry of this species under a climate change scenario. Abstract Environmental stressors, such as temperature, are relevant factors that could generate a negative effect on several tissues in fish. A key fish species for Chilean aquaculture diversification is the red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis), a native fish for which knowledge on environmental stressors effects is limited. This study evaluated the effects of high-temperature stress on the liver of red cusk-eel in control (14 °C) and high-temperature (19 °C) groups using multiple approaches: determination of plasmatic hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, and AP), oxidative damage evaluation (AP sites, lipid peroxidation, and carbonylated proteins), and RNA-seq analysis. High-temperature stress generated a significant increase in hepatic enzyme activity in plasma. In the liver, a transcriptional regulation was observed, with 1239 down-regulated and 1339 up-regulated transcripts. Additionally, high-temperature stress generated oxidative stress in the liver, with oxidative damage and transcriptional modulation of the antioxidant response. Furthermore, an unfolded protein response was observed, with several pathways enriched, as well as a heat shock response, with several heat shock proteins up regulated, suggesting candidate biomarkers (i.e., serpinh1) for thermal stress evaluation in this species. The present study shows that high-temperature stress generated a major effect on the liver of red cusk-eel, knowledge to consider for the aquaculture and fisheries of this species.
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21
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Earhart ML, Blanchard TS, Strowbridge N, Bugg WS, Schulte PM. Gene expression and latitudinal variation in the stress response in Fundulus heteroclitus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 268:111188. [PMID: 35304270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Atlantic killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, are intertidal marsh fish found along the east coast of North America. Associated with the thermal gradient along this coast, northern and southern killifish populations are known to differ in morphology, behavior, and physiology, including in their cortisol stress response. Our goal was to explore population differences in the stress response and identify underlying molecular mechanisms. We measured responses to both acute and repeated stress in plasma cortisol, stress axis mRNA expression, and body condition in northern and southern killifish. Following an acute stressor, the southern population had higher cortisol levels than the northern population but there was no difference between populations following repeated stress. In the brain, both corticotropin releasing factor and its binding protein had higher expression in the southern than the northern population, but the northern population showed more changes in mRNA levels following a stressor. In the head kidney, Melanocortin 2 Receptor and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein mRNA levels were higher in the southern population suggesting a larger capacity for cortisol synthesis than in the northern fish. Lastly, the glucocorticoid receptor GR1 mRNA levels were greater in the liver of southern fish, suggesting a greater capacity to respond to cortisol, and GR2 had differential expression in the head kidney, suggesting an interpopulation difference in stress axis negative feedback loops. Southern, but not northern, fish were able to maintain body condition following stress, suggesting that these differences in the stress response may be important for adaptation across latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L Earhart
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columba, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Tessa S Blanchard
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columba, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nicholas Strowbridge
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columba, Vancouver, Canada; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasglow, Glasglow, UK
| | - William S Bugg
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columba, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Tang Y, Du X, Sun S, Shi W, Han Y, Zhou W, Zhang J, Teng S, Ren P, Liu G. Circadian Rhythm and Neurotransmitters Are Potential Pathways through Which Ocean Acidification and Warming Affect the Metabolism of Thick-Shell Mussels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4324-4335. [PMID: 35293730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the impacts of ocean acidification and warming on marine organisms have been increasingly documented, little is known about the affecting mechanism underpinning their interactive impacts on physiological processes such as metabolism. Therefore, the effects of these two stressors on metabolism were investigated in thick-shell mussel Mytilus coruscus in this study. In addition, because metabolism is primarily regulated by circadian rhythm and neurotransmitters, the impacts of acidification and warming on these two regulatory processes were also analyzed. The data obtained demonstrated that the metabolism of mussels (indicated by the clearance rate, oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate, O:N ratio, ATP content, activity of pyruvate kinase, and expression of metabolism-related genes) were significantly affected by acidification and warming, resulting in a shortage of energy supply (indicated by the in vivo content of ATP). In addition, exposure to acidification and warming led to evident disruption in circadian rhythm (indicated by the heartrate and the expression rhythm of Per2, Cry, and BMAL1) and neurotransmitters (indicated by the activity of acetyl cholinesterase and in vivo contents of ACh, GABA, and DA). These findings suggest that circadian rhythms and neurotransmitters might be potential routes through which acidification and warming interactively affect the metabolism of mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Shuge Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jiongming Zhang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, P.R. China
| | | | - Peng Ren
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, P.R. China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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Free Cortisol Mediates Associations of Maternal Urinary Heavy Metals with Neonatal Anthropometric Measures: A Cross-Sectional Study. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040167. [PMID: 35448428 PMCID: PMC9032588 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to heavy metals is known to be associated with adverse birth outcomes and oxidative stress biomarkers. In this study, we examined whether maternal free cortisol or 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) could mediate associations between maternal heavy metal exposure and birth outcomes. A total of 182 healthy pregnant women were recruited. Heavy metals (including Pb, Hg, and Cd), free-cortisol, and 8-OHdG were analyzed in urine at delivery. Birth outcomes including birth weight, length, Ponderal index, and head circumference were measured. To examine associations of maternal urinary heavy metals with biomarkers and birth outcomes, generalized linear models were employed. Birth length was positively associated with Pb (β = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.09−1.46) and Hg (β = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.23−1.45) (both p < 0.05). The Ponderal index, a measure of a newborn’s leanness, was negatively associated with maternal urinary Pb (β = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.46−−0.07) and Hg (β = −0.26, 95% CI: −0.44−−0.08) (both p < 0.05). No association between maternal Cd and birth outcomes was observed. Most heavy metals showed positive associations with free cortisol and 8-OHdG. Free cortisol was identified as a mediator underlying the observed relationship between Hg and birth length or Ponderal index. This study observed adverse birth outcomes from maternal exposures to Pb and Hg. Increased free cortisol related to Hg exposure was suggested as a possible causal pathway from Hg exposure to birth outcomes such as the Ponderal index.
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Coffin JL, Kelley JL, Jeyasingh PD, Tobler M. Impacts of heavy metal pollution on the ionomes and transcriptomes of Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). Mol Ecol 2022; 31:1527-1542. [PMID: 35000238 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the mechanisms mediating the resilience of organisms to environmental change remains lacking. Heavy metals negatively affect processes at all biological scales, yet organisms inhabiting contaminated environments must maintain homeostasis to survive. Tar Creek in Oklahoma, USA, contains high concentrations of heavy metals and an abundance of Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), though several fish species persist at lower frequency. To test hypotheses about the mechanisms mediating the persistence and abundance of mosquitofish in Tar Creek, we integrated ionomic data from seven resident fish species and transcriptomic data from mosquitofish to test hypotheses about the mechanisms mediating the persistence of mosquitofish in Tar Creek. We predicted that mosquitofish minimize uptake of heavy metals more than other Tar Creek fish inhabitants and induce transcriptional responses to detoxify metals that enter the body, allowing them to persist in Tar Creek at higher density than species that may lack these responses. Tar Creek populations of all seven fish species accumulated heavy metals, suggesting mosquitofish cannot block uptake more efficiently than other species. We found population-level gene expression changes between mosquitofish in Tar Creek and nearby unpolluted sites. Gene expression differences primarily occurred in the gill, where we found upregulation of genes involved with lowering transfer of metal ions from the blood into cells and mitigating free radicals. However, many differentially expressed genes were not in known metal response pathways, suggesting multifarious selective regimes and/or previously undocumented pathways could impact tolerance in mosquitofish. Our systems-level study identified well characterized and putatively new mechanisms that enable mosquitofish to inhabit heavy metal-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Coffin
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Joanna L Kelley
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Punidan D Jeyasingh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Michael Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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25
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El Basuini MF, Teiba II, Shahin SA, Mourad MM, Zaki MAA, Labib EMH, Azra MN, Sewilam H, El-Dakroury MF, Dawood MAO. Dietary Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) enhanced the growth performance, antioxidative capacity, immune response and ameliorated stress-related markers induced by hypoxia stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:337-344. [PMID: 34883256 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nile tilapia can tolerate a wide range of farming conditions; however, fluctuations in the environmental conditions may impair their health status. The incorporation of medicinal herbs in aquafeed is suggested to overcome stressful conditions. In this study, dietary Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) was evaluated on the growth performance, antioxidative capacity, immune response, and resistance of Nile tilapia against hypoxia stress. Fish fed five diets incorporated with Guduchi at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/kg for 56 days then exposed with hypoxia stress for 72 h. The growth performance, feed intake, and feed efficiency ratio were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by including Guduchi in tilapia diets regardless of the inclusion level. Similarly, the lipase and protease activities were markedly (P < 0.05) increased in tilapia fed dietary Guduchi. The activities of lysozyme and bactericidal activities in serum and mucus, nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT), and alternative complement activity (ACH50) were markedly (P < 0.05) enhanced in tilapia treated with Guduchi supplements regardless of the dose. Additionally, the activities of liver and intestinal superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) by including Guduchi in tilapia diets compared with the control. Before and after hypoxia stress, tilapia-fed dietary Guduchi had lower glucose and cortisol levels than fish-fed Guduchi-free diets (P < 0.05). In all groups, glucose and cortisol levels were markedly higher after hypoxia compared before hypoxia stress (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary Guduchi can be included at 5.17-5.49 g/kg to enhance the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune and antioxidative responses, and the resistance of Nile tilapia against hypoxia stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F El Basuini
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt; Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt.
| | - Islam I Teiba
- Microbiology, Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A Shahin
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture- Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Mona M Mourad
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A A Zaki
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture - El Shatby, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Eman M H Labib
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Nor Azra
- Institute for Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hani Sewilam
- The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Engineering Hydrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M F El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt; Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
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Aedo J, Aravena-Canales D, Ruiz-Jarabo I, Oyarzún R, Molina A, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Valdés JA, Mancera JM. Differential Metabolic and Transcriptional Responses of Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata) Administered with Cortisol or Cortisol-BSA. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113310. [PMID: 34828041 PMCID: PMC8614361 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cortisol is a key stress hormone in teleosts. Cortisol exerts its effects through genomic—and membrane-initiated mechanisms, however, the role of the latter in long-term stress responses is unknown. Here, we treated Sparus aurata with cortisol or cortisol-BSA (exclusive inductor to membrane-initiated effects) to emulate a long-term stress situation. We found that cortisol, but not cortisol-BSA, promotes energy substrate mobilization in the liver, together with the regulation of metabolism-related genes. We suggest that genomic cortisol actions exclusively participate in metabolic responses during prolonged treatment using cortisol in S. aurata. This study contributes to the current knowledge on cortisol’s involvement in stress responses in fish. Abstract Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid hormone promoting compensatory metabolic responses of stress in teleosts. This hormone acts through genomic and membrane-initiated actions to exert its functions inside the cell. Experimental approaches, using exogenous cortisol administration, confirm the role of this hormone during short (minutes to hours)- and long-term (days to weeks) responses to stress. The role of membrane-initiated cortisol signaling during long-term responses has been recently explored. In this study, Sparus aurata were intraperitoneally injected with coconut oil alone or coconut oil containing cortisol, cortisol-BSA, or BSA. After 3 days of treatment, plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle were extracted. Plasma cortisol, as well as metabolic indicators in the plasma and tissues collected, and metabolism-related gene expression, were measured. Our results showed that artificially increased plasma cortisol levels in S. aurata enhanced plasma glucose and triacylglycerols values as well as hepatic substrate energy mobilization. Additionally, cortisol stimulated hepatic carbohydrates metabolism, as seen by the increased expression of metabolism-related genes. All of these responses, observed in cortisol-administered fish, were not detected by replicating the same protocol and instead using cortisol-BSA, which exclusively induces membrane-initiated effects. Therefore, we suggest that after three days of cortisol administration, only genomic actions are involved in the metabolic responses in S. aurata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Aedo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Andres Bello University, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.); (D.A.-C.); (A.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Daniela Aravena-Canales
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Andres Bello University, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.); (D.A.-C.); (A.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (I.R.-J.); (J.M.M.)
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Oyarzún
- Institute of Marine and Limnological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia 5110652, Chile;
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Andres Bello University, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.); (D.A.-C.); (A.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), 11519 Puerto Real, Spain;
| | - Juan Antonio Valdés
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Andres Bello University, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.); (D.A.-C.); (A.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2661-8363; Fax: +56-2661-8415
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (I.R.-J.); (J.M.M.)
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Zuloaga R, Dettleff P, Bastias-Molina M, Meneses C, Altamirano C, Valdés JA, Molina A. RNA-Seq-Based Analysis of Cortisol-Induced Differential Gene Expression Associated with Piscirickettsia salmonis Infection in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Myotubes. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082399. [PMID: 34438856 PMCID: PMC8388646 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS) is the major infectious disease of the Chilean salmonid aquaculture industry caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis. Intensive farming conditions generate stress and increased susceptibility to diseases, being skeletal muscle mainly affected. However, the interplay between pathogen infection and stress in muscle is poorly understood. In this study, we perform an RNA-seq analysis on rainbow trout myotubes that are pretreated for 3 h with cortisol (100 ng/mL) and then infected with P. salmonis strain LF-89 for 8 h (MOI 50). Twelve libraries are constructed from RNA samples (n = 3 per group) and sequenced on Illumina HiSeq 4000. A total of 704,979,454 high-quality reads are obtained, with 70.25% mapped against the reference genome. In silico DETs include 175 total genes-124 are upregulated and 51 are downregulated. GO enrichment analysis reveals highly impacted biological processes related to apoptosis, negative regulation of cell proliferation, and innate immune response. These results are validated by RT-qPCR of nine candidate transcripts. Furthermore, cortisol pretreatment significantly stimulated bacterial gene expression of ahpC and 23s compared to infection. In conclusion, for the first time, we describe a transcriptomic response of trout myotubes infected with P. salmonis by inducing apoptosis, downregulating cell proliferation, and intrinsic immune-like response that is differentially regulated by cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Zuloaga
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (R.Z.); (P.D.); (J.A.V.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Phillip Dettleff
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (R.Z.); (P.D.); (J.A.V.)
| | - Macarena Bastias-Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (M.B.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (M.B.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares, Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile;
| | - Juan Antonio Valdés
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (R.Z.); (P.D.); (J.A.V.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (R.Z.); (P.D.); (J.A.V.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-227703067
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Islam MJ, Kunzmann A, Slater MJ. Extreme winter cold-induced osmoregulatory, metabolic, and physiological responses in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) acclimatized at different salinities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145202. [PMID: 33736134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite climate-change challenges, for most aquaculture species, physiological responses to different salinities during ambient extreme cold events remain unknown. Here, European seabass acclimatized at 3, 6, 12, and 30 PSU were subjected to 20 days of an ambient extreme winter cold event (8 °C), and monitored for growth and physiological performance. Growth performance decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in fish exposed at 3 and 30 PSU compared to 6 and 12 PSU. During cold stress exposure, serum Na+, Cl-, and K+ concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in fish exposed at 30 PSU. Serum cortisol, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in fish exposed at 3 and 30 PSU. In contrast, opposite trends were observed for serum protein, lactate, and triglycerides content during cold exposure. Transaminase activities [glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl-transaminase (γGGT)] were significantly higher in fish exposed at 3 and 30 PSU on days 10 and 20. The abundance of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance (CFTR) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in fish exposed at 3 and 30 PSU during cold shock exposure. In contrast, insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) expression was significantly lower in fish exposed at 3 and 30 PSU. Whereas, on day 20, Na+/K+ ATPase α1 and Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) were significantly upregulated in fish exposed at 30 PSU, followed by 12, 6, and 3 PSU. Results demonstrated that ambient extreme winter cold events induce metabolic and physiological stress responses and provide a conceivable mechanism by which growth and physiological fitness are limited at cold thermal events. However, during ambient extreme cold (8 °C) exposure, European seabass exhibited better physiological fitness at 12 and 6 PSU water, providing possible insight into future aquaculture management options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakiul Islam
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359 Bremen, Germany; Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Chemistry (FB 02), University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Kunzmann
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthew James Slater
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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29
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Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Al-Asgah NA, Gewaily MS, El-Tonoby SM, Dawood MAO. Role of Fucoidan on the Growth Behavior and Blood Metabolites and Toxic Effects of Atrazine in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051448. [PMID: 34069982 PMCID: PMC8157872 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Toxic derivatives reach the ponds and cages where fish are grown, and the continuous exposure to these contaminants proved to impair the healthy status of several finfish species. In some countries famous for cultivating rice and corn, atrazine (ATZ) is massively applied to protect plants from invaders. Many functional additives are permitted for application in the aquaculture sector as natural alternatives for chemotherapies. In this study, the toxicity impacts of ATZ and the protective role of fucoidan were investigated on the health performance of Nile tilapia. Long-term exposure to ATZ resulted in low growth rate, impaired hepato-renal function, intestinal inflammation, and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia. However, the obtained results soundly support fucoidan’s potential role to cope with the impacts of ATZ on Nile tilapia. Abstract Waterborne herbicides are stressful agents that threaten the productivity and safety of finfish species. In this study, the toxicity impacts of atrazine (ATZ) and the protective role of fucoidan were investigated on the health performance of Nile tilapia. For 40 days, the total number of 180 Nile tilapia was assigned in four groups (triplicates, 15 fish/replicate), where the first (control) and third groups were offered the control diet, while the second and fourth groups were offered a fucoidan (FCN). Further, in the third and fourth groups, the water was mixed with atrazine (ATZ) at 1.39 mg/L daily. The growth rate, FCR, and survival rate were markedly enhanced by fucoidan but severely declined by ATZ exposure (p < 0.05). The morphological structure of the intestine in the control fish revealed normal structure, while fucoidan-treated groups showed eminent enhancement and branching of the intestinal villi. The intestine of ATZ-treated fish revealed deterioration and the intestinal mucosa, inflammatory cell infiltration, and separation of lining epithelium. The highest Hb, PCV, RBCs, WBCs, total protein, and albumin were observed in Nile tilapia fed fucoidan, but the worst values were seen in ATZ-intoxicated fish (p < 0.05). The liver-related enzymes (ALT and AST) and kidney function (urea and creatinine) showed impaired values by ATZ toxicity and were regulated by dietary fucoidan. Meanwhile, fish fed fucoidan and exposed to ATZ had lower total cholesterol and triglyceride values than fish exposed to ATZ without fucoidan feeding (p < 0.05). The SOD, CAT, GPx, cortisol, and glucose levels were increased in ATZ-exposed fish and reduced by fucoidan (p < 0.05). However, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced in fucoidan-fed fish and increased in ATZ-exposed fish (p < 0.05). Altogether, dietary fucoidan is required in fish diets to alleviate the impacts of ATZ-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.-W.A.A.-W.); (E.M.Y.); (N.A.A.-A.)
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M. Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.-W.A.A.-W.); (E.M.Y.); (N.A.A.-A.)
| | - Nasser A. Al-Asgah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.-W.A.A.-W.); (E.M.Y.); (N.A.A.-A.)
| | - Mahmoud S. Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Shaimaa M. El-Tonoby
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud A. O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
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Dinardo FR, Maggiolino A, Casalino E, Deflorio M, Centoducati G. A Multi-Biomarker Approach in European Sea Bass Exposed to Dynamic Temperature Changes under Dietary Supplementation with Origanum vulgare Essential Oil. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:982. [PMID: 33915858 PMCID: PMC8066705 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A feeding trial for 150 days was carried out to evaluate the cross-effects between oregano essential oil (EO) dietary supplementation and dynamic temperature change in sea bass. Under exposure to rising temperature (13-25 °C), fish were fed with a control diet (CD) and two experimental diets supplemented with 100 (D100) and 200 ppm (D200) of EO. Feed inclusion of EO promoted the activity of antioxidant enzymes in sea bass exposed to increasing temperature. Consistently with the temperature rise, TBARS concentrations increased in CD and D200 groups, whereas were almost stable in D100. Trend of blood glucose in fish fed on CD was likely affected by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Similarly, the depletion of triglycerides and cholesterol in fish fed on CD likely supported the energy cost of gluconeogenesis. On the other hand, the reduction of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol in D100 and D200 was mainly attributable to the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of EO. The higher levels of serum protein observed in D100 and D200 groups were also associated to a reduced thermal stress compared to CD. EO dietary supplementation may be a promising strategy to alleviate the negative effects of temperature shift on sea bass physiological and oxidative state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisabetta Casalino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.R.D.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (G.C.)
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31
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Seibel H, Baßmann B, Rebl A. Blood Will Tell: What Hematological Analyses Can Reveal About Fish Welfare. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:616955. [PMID: 33860003 PMCID: PMC8042153 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.616955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood analyses provide substantial information about the physiological aspects of animal welfare assessment, including the activation status of the neuroendocrine and immune system, acute and long-term impacts due to adverse husbandry conditions, potential diseases, and genetic predispositions. However, fish blood is still not routinely analyzed in research or aquaculture for the assessment of health and/or welfare. Over the years, the investigative techniques have evolved from antibody-based or PCR-based single-parameter analyses to now include transcriptomic, metabolomic, and proteomic approaches and from hematological observations to fluorescence-activated blood cell sorting in high-throughput modes. The range of testing techniques established for blood is now broader than for any other biogenic test material. Evaluation of the particular characteristics of fish blood, such as its cell composition, the nucleation of distinct blood cells, or the multiple isoforms of certain immune factors, requires adapted protocols and careful attention to the experimental designs and interpretation of the data. Analyses of fish blood can provide an integrated picture of the endocrine, immunological, reproductive, and genetic functions under defined environmental conditions and treatments. Therefore, the scarcity of high-throughput approaches using fish blood as a test material for fish physiology studies is surprising. This review summarizes the wide range of techniques that allow monitoring of informative fish blood parameters that are modulated by different stressors, conditions, and/or treatments. We provide a compact overview of several simple plasma tests and of multiparametric analyses of fish blood, and we discuss their potential use in the assessment of fish welfare and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Seibel
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
- Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH (GMA), Büsum, Germany
| | - Björn Baßmann
- Department of Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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Firmino JP, Fernández-Alacid L, Vallejos-Vidal E, Salomón R, Sanahuja I, Tort L, Ibarz A, Reyes-López FE, Gisbert E. Carvacrol, Thymol, and Garlic Essential Oil Promote Skin Innate Immunity in Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata) Through the Multifactorial Modulation of the Secretory Pathway and Enhancement of Mucus Protective Capacity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633621. [PMID: 33777020 PMCID: PMC7994269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main targets for the use of phytogenics in aquafeeds is the mucosal tissues as they constitute a physical and biochemical shield against environmental and pathogenic threats, comprising elements from both the innate and acquired immunity. In the present study, the modulation of the skin transcriptional immune response, the bacterial growth capacity in skin mucus, and the overall health condition of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles fed a dietary supplementation of garlic essential oil, carvacrol, and thymol were assessed. The enrichment analysis of the skin transcriptional profile of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet revealed the regulation of genes associated to cellular components involved in the secretory pathway, suggesting the stimulation, and recruitment of phagocytic cells. Genes recognized by their involvement in non-specific immune response were also identified in the analysis. The promotion of the secretion of non-specific immune molecules into the skin mucus was proposed to be involved in the in vitro decreased growth capacity of pathogenic bacteria in the mucus of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet. Although the mucus antioxidant capacity was not affected by the phytogenics supplementation, the regulation of genes coding for oxidative stress enzymes suggested the reduction of the skin oxidative stress. Additionally, the decreased levels of cortisol in mucus indicated a reduction in the fish allostatic load due to the properties of the tested additive. Altogether, the dietary garlic, carvacrol, and thymol appear to promote the gilthead seabream skin innate immunity and the mucus protective capacity, decreasing its susceptibility to be colonized by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P Firmino
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.,TECNOVIT-FARMFAES, S.L. Pol. Ind. Les Sorts, Alforja, Spain.,Ph.D. Program in Aquaculture, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Alacid
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salomón
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.,Ph.D. Program in Aquaculture, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sanahuja
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antoni Ibarz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe E Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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Krick MV, Desmarais E, Samaras A, Guéret E, Dimitroglou A, Pavlidis M, Tsigenopoulos C, Guinand B. Family-effects in the epigenomic response of red blood cells to a challenge test in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:111. [PMID: 33563212 PMCID: PMC7871408 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background In fish, minimally invasive blood sampling is widely used to monitor physiological stress with blood plasma biomarkers. As fish blood cells are nucleated, they might be a source a potential new markers derived from ‘omics technologies. We modified the epiGBS (epiGenotyping By Sequencing) technique to explore changes in genome-wide cytosine methylation in the red blood cells (RBCs) of challenged European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a species widely studied in both natural and farmed environments. Results We retrieved 501,108,033 sequencing reads after trimming, with a mean mapping efficiency of 73.0% (unique best hits). Minor changes in RBC methylome appeared to manifest after the challenge test and a family-effect was detected. Only fifty-seven differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) close to 51 distinct genes distributed on 17 of 24 linkage groups (LGs) were detected between RBCs of pre- and post-challenge individuals. Thirty-seven of these genes were previously reported as differentially expressed in the brain of zebrafish, most of them involved in stress coping differences. While further investigation remains necessary, few DMC-related genes associated to the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor, a protein that favors stress adaptation and fear memory, appear relevant to integrate a centrally produced stress response in RBCs. Conclusion Our modified epiGBS protocol was powerful to analyze patterns of cytosine methylation in RBCs of D. labrax and to evaluate the impact of a challenge using minimally invasive blood samples. This study is the first approximation to identify epigenetic biomarkers of exposure to stress in fish. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07420-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Vera Krick
- UMR UM CNRS IRD EPHE ISEM- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Erick Desmarais
- UMR UM CNRS IRD EPHE ISEM- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Elise Guéret
- UMR UM CNRS IRD EPHE ISEM- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Montpellier GenomiX, France Génomique, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Michalis Pavlidis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Costas Tsigenopoulos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), 715 00, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Bruno Guinand
- UMR UM CNRS IRD EPHE ISEM- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Aravena-Canales D, Aedo JE, Molina A, Valdés JA. Regulation of the early expression of MAFbx/atrogin-1 and MuRF1 through membrane-initiated cortisol action in the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 253:110565. [PMID: 33497801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are key stress-related hormones in vertebrates, with cortisol being the main glucocorticoid in teleosts. Glucocorticoids exert their effects through two mechanisms of action: genomic/classic and membrane initiated. In mammals, cortisol-mediated stress has been found to be associated with increased expression of critical atrophy-related genes (atrogenes), such as MAFbx/atrogin-1 and murf1/trim63. However, the direct impact of cortisol on the early regulation of atrogene expression in teleost skeletal muscle and the contribution of membrane-initiated cortisol action to this process have not been identified. In this work, the mRNA levels of atrogin-1 and murf1 were assessed in isolated myotubes and skeletal muscle of rainbow trout administered with cortisol or cortisol-BSA. This latter compound is a membrane-impermeable cortisol analog that exclusively induces membrane-initiated effects. We found that cortisol (10 mg/kg) first decreased the expression of both atrogenes at 3 h of treatment and then increased their expression at 9 h of treatment in the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout. Additionally, the in vitro analysis suggested that membrane-initiated cortisol action regulates murf1 but not atrogin-1 in rainbow trout myotubes. Using RU486 to selectively block glucocorticoid receptor (GR), we found that early downregulation of murf1 is potentially mediated by membrane GR signaling in myotubes. Considering the results of both the in vivo and in vitro approaches, we suggest that membrane-initiated cortisol action regulates the early expression of atrophy-related processes in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Aravena-Canales
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge E Aedo
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Valdés
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
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Assan D, Huang Y, Mustapha UF, Addah MN, Li G, Chen H. Fish Feed Intake, Feeding Behavior, and the Physiological Response of Apelin to Fasting and Refeeding. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:798903. [PMID: 34975769 PMCID: PMC8715717 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.798903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed is one of the most important external signals in fish that stimulates its feeding behavior and growth. The intake of feed is the main factor determining efficiency and cost, maximizing production efficiency in a fish farming firm. The physiological mechanism regulating food intake lies between an intricate connection linking central and peripheral signals that are unified in the hypothalamus consequently responding to the release of appetite-regulating genes that eventually induce or hinder appetite, such as apelin; a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues with diverse physiological actions mediated by its receptor, such as feed regulation. Extrinsic factors have a great influence on food intake and feeding behavior in fish. Under these factors, feeding in fish is decontrolled and the appetite indicators in the brain do not function appropriately thus, in controlling conditions which result in the fluctuations in the expression of these appetite-relating genes, which in turn decrease food consumption. Here, we examine the research advancements in fish feeding behavior regarding dietary selection and preference and identify some key external influences on feed intake and feeding behavior. Also, we present summaries of the results of research findings on apelin as an appetite-regulating hormone in fish. We also identified gaps in knowledge and directions for future research to fully ascertain the functional importance of apelin in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Assan
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Umar Farouk Mustapha
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mercy Nabila Addah
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Bioscience, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Guangli Li
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huapu Chen
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Huapu Chen,
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Dettleff P, Zuloaga R, Fuentes M, Gonzalez P, Aedo J, Estrada JM, Molina A, Valdés JA. Physiological and molecular responses to thermal stress in red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) juveniles reveals atrophy and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle. J Therm Biol 2020; 94:102750. [PMID: 33292991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native species with strong potential to support Chilean aquaculture diversification. Environmental stressors, such as temperature, may generate important effects in fish physiology with negative impact. However, no information exists on the effects of thermal stress in Genypterus species or how this stressor affects the skeletal muscle. The present study evaluated for the first time the effect of high temperature stress in red cusk-eel juveniles to determine changes in plasmatic markers of stress (cortisol, glucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), the transcriptional effect in skeletal muscle genes related to (i) heat shock protein response (hsp60 and hsp70), (ii) muscle atrophy and growth (foxo1, foxo3, fbxo32, murf-1, myod1 and ddit4), and (iii) oxidative stress (cat, sod1 and gpx1), and evaluate the DNA damage (AP sites) and peroxidative damage (lipid peroxidation (HNE proteins)) in this tissue. Thermal stress generates a significant increase in plasmatic levels of cortisol, glucose and LDH activity and induced heat shock protein transcripts in muscle. We also observed an upregulation of atrophy-related genes (foxo1, foxo3 and fbxo32) and a significant modulation of growth-related genes (myod1 and ddit4). Thermal stress induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, as represented by the upregulation of antioxidant genes (cat and sod1) and a significant increase in DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. The present study provides the first physiological and molecular information of the effects of thermal stress on skeletal muscle in a Genypterus species, which should be considered in a climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Dettleff
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Zuloaga
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcia Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Aedo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Manuel Estrada
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Valdés
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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Castañeda-Cortés DC, Zhang J, Boan AF, Langlois VS, Fernandino JI. High temperature stress response is not sexually dimorphic at the whole-body level and is dependent on androgens to induce sex reversal. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 299:113605. [PMID: 32866474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the molecular and endocrine mechanisms behind environmentally-induced sex reversal in fish is of great importance in the context of predicting the potential effects of climate change, especially increasing temperature. Here, we demonstrate the global effects of high temperature on genome-wide transcription in medaka (Oryzias latipes) during early development. Interestingly, data analysis did not show sexual dimorphic changes, demonstrating that thermal stress is not dependent on genotypic sex. Additionally, our results revealed significant changes in several pathways under high temperature, such as stress response from brain, steroid biosynthesis, epigenetic mechanisms, and thyroid hormone biosynthesis, among others. These microarray data raised the question of what the exact molecular and hormonal mechanisms of action are for female-to-male sex reversal under high temperatures in fish. Complementary gene expression analysis revealed that androgen-related genes increase in females (XX) experiencing high water temperature. To test the involvement of androgens in thermal-induced sex reversal, an androgen antagonist was used to treat XX medaka under a high-temperature setup. Data clearly demonstrated failure of female-to-male sex reversal when androgen action is inhibited, corroborating the importance of androgens in environmentally-induced sex reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Castañeda-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Argentina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Agustín F Boan
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Argentina
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Juan I Fernandino
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Argentina.
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Park CB, Kim GE, Kim YJ, On J, Park CG, Kwon YS, Pyo H, Yeom DH, Cho SH. Reproductive dysfunction linked to alteration of endocrine activities in zebrafish exposed to mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114362. [PMID: 32806436 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), one of the major phthalate metabolites that are widespread in aquatic environments, on reproductive dysfunction, particularly on endocrine activity in adult male and female zebrafish. For 21 days, the zebrafish were exposed to test concentrations of MEHP (0, 2, 10, and 50 μg/mL) that were determined based on the effective concentrations (ECx) for zebrafish embryos. Exposure to 50 μg/mL MEHP in female zebrafish significantly decreased the number of ovulated eggs as well as the hepatic VTG mRNA abundance when those of the control group. Meanwhile, in female zebrafish, the biosynthetic concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) and the metabolic ratio of androgen to estrogen were remarkably increased in all MEHP exposed group compared with those in the control group, along with the elevated levels of cortisol. However, no significant difference was observed between these parameters in male zebrafishes. Therefore, exposure to MEHP causes reproductive dysfunction in female zebrafishes and this phenomenon can be attributed to the alteration in endocrine activities. Moreover, the reproductive dysfunction in MEHP-exposed female zebrafishes may be closely associated with stress responses, such as elevated cortisol levels. To further understand the effect of MEHP on the reproductive activities of fish, follow-up studies are required to determine the interactions between endocrine activities and stress responses. Overall, this study provides a response biomarker for assessing reproductive toxicity of endocrine disruptors that can serve as a methodological approach for an alternative to chronic toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Beom Park
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Gyeonsangnam-do, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Eun Kim
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Gyeonsangnam-do, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, Saarbrücken, 661c23, Germany
| | - Jiwon On
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gyun Park
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, Saarbrücken, 661c23, Germany
| | - Young-Sang Kwon
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Gyeonsangnam-do, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Pyo
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Huk Yeom
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Gyeonsangnam-do, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Cho
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Mid-infrared spectroscopic screening of metabolic alterations in stress-exposed gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16343. [PMID: 33004973 PMCID: PMC7529800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress triggers a battery of physiological responses in fish, including the activation of metabolic pathways involved in energy production, which helps the animal to cope with the adverse situation. Prolonged exposure to stressful farming conditions may induce adverse effects at the whole-animal level, impairing welfare. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a rapid biochemical fingerprinting technique, that, combined with chemometrics, was applied to disclose the metabolic alterations in the fish liver as a result of exposure to standard stressful practices in aquaculture. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) adults exposed to different stressors were used as model species. Spectra were preprocessed before multivariate statistical analysis. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used for pattern recognition and identification of the most discriminatory wavenumbers. Key spectral features were selected and used for classification using the k-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithm to evaluate whether the spectral changes allowed for the reliable discrimination between experimental groups. PCA loadings suggested that major variations in the hepatic infrared spectra responsible for the discrimination between the experimental groups were due to differences in the intensity of absorption bands associated with proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. This broad-range technique can thus be useful in an exploratory approach before any targeted analysis.
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Pierre C, Pradère N, Froc C, Ornelas-García P, Callebert J, Rétaux S. A mutation in monoamine oxidase (MAO) affects the evolution of stress behavior in the blind cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb226092. [PMID: 32737213 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.226092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin controls a variety of physiological and behavioral processes. In humans, mutations affecting monoamine oxidase (MAO), the serotonin-degrading enzyme, are highly deleterious. Yet, blind cavefish of the species Astyanax mexicanus carry a partial loss-of-function mutation in MAO (P106L) and thrive in their subterranean environment. Here, we established four fish lines, corresponding to the blind cave-dwelling and the sighted river-dwelling morphs of this species, with or without the mutation, in order to decipher the exact contribution of mao P106L in the evolution of cavefish neurobehavioral traits. Unexpectedly, although mao P106L appeared to be an excellent candidate for the genetic determinism of the loss of aggressive and schooling behaviors in cavefish, we demonstrated that it was not the case. Similarly, the anatomical variations in monoaminergic systems observed between cavefish and surface fish brains were independent from mao P106L, and rather due to other, morph-dependent developmental processes. However, we found that mao P106L strongly affected anxiety-like behaviors. Cortisol measurements showed lower basal levels and an increased amplitude of stress response after a change of environment in fish carrying the mutation. Finally, we studied the distribution of the P106L mao allele in wild populations of cave and river A. mexicanus, and discovered that the mutant allele was present - and sometimes fixed - in all populations inhabiting caves of the Sierra de El Abra. The possibility that this partial loss-of-function mao allele evolves under a selective or a neutral regime in the particular cave environment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Pierre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Naomie Pradère
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cynthia Froc
- Amatrace platform, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patricia Ornelas-García
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de México, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Rétaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Su M, Zhang R, Liu N, Zhang J. Modulation of inflammatory response by cortisol in the kidney of spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) in vitro under different osmotic stresses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:46-54. [PMID: 32474084 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity changes on renal osmoregulation have often been investigated while the immune response of the kidney under osmotic stress is poorly understood in teleosts. Acute stress is generally associated with enhancement of circulating cortisol. The effects of osmotic stress on renal immune response and its regulation by cortisol deserve more attention. In the present study, the effects of exogenous cortisol treatment on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune response were analyzed in renal masses of Scatophagus argus under different osmotic stresses in vitro. mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL1-β and IL-6) and immune-regulatory related genes (GR and SOCS1) was measured over a short course (15 h). Comprehensive analysis reveals that transcript abundances of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 induced by LPS, alone or in the combination of cortisol, are tightly associated with osmoregulation under acute osmotic stress. Our results showed that osmotic challenge could significantly enhance mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in renal masses in vitro. Based on our analysis, it can be inferred that cortisol suppresses the magnitude of renal inflammatory response and attenuates LPS-induced immune response through GR signaling in the face of challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoliang Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nanxi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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Raibeemol KP, Chitra KC. Induction of immunological, hormonal and histological alterations after sublethal exposure of chlorpyrifos in the freshwater fish, Pseudetroplus maculatus (Bloch, 1795). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:1-12. [PMID: 32278836 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the induction of immunological, hormonal and histological changes in the freshwater fish, Pseudetroplus maculatus after sublethal exposure of chlorpyrifos. Fish were exposed to chlorpyrifos at one-tenth (0.661μg/L) and one-fifth (1.32 μg/L) of LC50 value, for 15 and 30 d, along with the respective control group. Innate and adaptive immune responses of the fish against the toxicant exposure were measured using lysozyme, complement (ACH50) levels, phagocytic, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), anti-protease and hemagglutination activities, and IgM concentration. The results revealed that sublethal exposure of chlorpyrifos caused significant (p < 0.05) reduction in lysozyme, ACH50, phagocytic, and anti-protease activities whereas there was significant (p < 0.05) increase in NBT, MPO and hemagglutination levels along with serum IgM concentration. Chlorpyrifos treatment showed significant (p < 0.05) decline in the serum levels of cortisol, thyroid, testosterone and estradiol hormones in duration- and concentration-dependent manner. The major histological lesions noted in liver includes necrosis, vacuolization, hepatocytic and cytoplasmic degeneration, while kidneys showed vacoules, necrosis and rupture in renal tubules and glomerulus, whereas spleen were found with melanomacrophage aggregation and necrosis. Similarly, testis showed remarkable changes like reduction in the number of spermatozoa and disintegrated seminiferous tubules while ovarian lesions include degenerated and empty follicles, few atretic oocytes, reduced size of follicles, and broken theca granulosa. The current findings revealed that the use of chlorpyrifos in domestic and agricultural purposes even at sublethal concentration could affect the non-target organisms including fish, and thereby alter the health status of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Raibeemol
- Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram District, Kerala, 673 635, India
| | - K C Chitra
- Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram District, Kerala, 673 635, India.
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43
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Jiang H, Wang M, Fu L, Zhong L, Liu G, Zheng Y, Chen X, Bian W. Liver transcriptome analysis and cortisol immune-response modulation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:19-50. [PMID: 32184191 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is an important aquaculture species in China. In channel catfish, diseases such as haemorrhagic, sepsis and tail-rot disease are all caused by bacteria as general in China. Most of the pathogenic bacteria are Gram-negative bacteria. Liver transcriptome analysis of the co-injection of cortisol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was performed in this study. Preliminary evidence from the results suggest that after the emergence of immune stress, cortisol will up-regulate the complement cascade pathway, down-regulate the coagulation cascade pathway, down-regulate the platelet activation pathway, down-regulate antigen presentation pathway, and show complex regulation relationship to inflammatory factors. At 12 h, the number of differential genes regulated by cortisol was about half less than the number of differential genes regulated by LPS. At 24 h, there was no significant difference between the number of differential genes regulated by cortisol and LPS, but the types of differential genes vary widely. KEGG enrichment analysis found that cortisol regulated LPS-stimulated immune responses mainly focus on cytokines, complement and coagulation cascades pathways, antigen presentation pathways, haematopoiesis, and inflammation. It is suggested that there may be some strategic choice in the regulation of immune response by cortisol. These results will help understand the pathogenesis and host defence system in bacterial disease caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Longlong Fu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Liqiang Zhong
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - You Zheng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China.
| | - Wenji Bian
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China.
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Chapman JM, Teffer AK, Bass AL, Hinch SG, Patterson DA, Miller KM, Cooke SJ. Handling, infectious agents and physiological condition influence survival and post-release behaviour in migratory adult coho salmon after experimental displacement. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa033. [PMID: 32440351 PMCID: PMC7233283 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For Pacific salmon captured and released by fisheries, post-release behaviour and survival may be influenced by their health and condition at time of capture. We sought to characterize the interactions between infectious agent burden, fish immune and stress physiology and fisheries stressors to investigate the potential for capture-mediated pathogen-induced mortality in adult coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We used radio-telemetry paired with high-throughput qPCR of non-lethal gill biopsies for infectious agents and host biomarkers from 200 tagged fish experimentally displaced and exposed to various experimental fisheries treatments (gill net entanglement, recreational angling and recreational angling with air exposure vs. non-sampled control). We characterized relationships among post-release behaviour and survival, infectious agent presence and loads, physiological parameters and transcription profiles of stress and immune genes. All infectious agents detected were endemic and in loads consistent with previous adult Pacific salmon monitoring. Individuals exposed to fisheries treatments were less likely to reach spawning habitat compared to controls, and handling duration independent of fisheries gear had a negative effect on survival. High infectious agent burden was associated with accelerated migration initiation post-release, revealing behavioural plasticity in response to deteriorating condition in this semelparous species. Prevalence and load of infectious agents increased post-migration as well as transcription signatures reflected changes in immune and stress profiles consistent with senescence. Results from this study further our understanding of factors associated with fisheries that increase risk of post-release mortality and characterize some physiological mechanisms that underpin migratory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chapman
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - A K Teffer
- Pacific Salmon Ecology Laboratory, Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A L Bass
- Pacific Salmon Ecology Laboratory, Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - S G Hinch
- Pacific Salmon Ecology Laboratory, Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - D A Patterson
- Pacific Salmon Ecology Laboratory, Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Cooperative Resource Management Institute, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burnaby, BC, Canada. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Cooperative Resource Management Institute, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - K M Miller
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Molecular Genetics Section, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - S J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6 Canada
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Wei P, Zhao F, Zhang X, Ru S. Long-term exposure of zebrafish to bisphenol S impairs stress function of hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis and causes anxiety-like behavioral responses to novelty. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137092. [PMID: 32044495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS), a main substitute of bisphenol A, has been reported to induce multiple endocrine disrupting effects on animals, however, whether it can interfere with the corticosteroid-endocrine system still remains unknown. Furthermore, previous studies mainly investigated the influences of environmental pollutants on corticosteroid levels and gene expressions of hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal/adrenal (HPI/A) axis, while the downstream toxic effects caused thereafter have not yet been fully elucidated. Considering the key role of cortisol, a primary corticosteroid hormone in teleost, in mediating stress adaptation and the highly positive correlation between cortisol level and anxious phenotype in the novel environment, we hypothesized that an imbalanced cortisol homeostasis due to environmental pollutant exposure may further affect the behavioral responses to novelty stress. In the present study, zebrafish, a valuable model in studying human stress physiology and anxiety behavior, were exposed to BPS from embryos to adults (120 days) at environmentally relevant concentrations (1 and 10 μg/L) and 100 μg/L. Results found that long-term exposure to BPS increased whole-body cortisol levels and caused abnormal expressions of HPI axis genes. Moreover, the excessive cortisol levels may be due to the inhibition of cortisol catabolism and excretion, as evidenced by the down-regulated expressions of hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 and hydroxysteroid 20-beta dehydrogenase 2 genes. More importantly, as we speculated, excessive cortisol levels may be responsible for the occurrence of anxiety-like behavioral responses indicated by longer latency, fewer time spent in the upper half, and more erratic movements in a 6-min novel tank test. Overall, our study provides basic data for the comprehensive understanding of BPS toxicity, and emphasizes environmental health risks of BPS in inducing anxiety syndrome at environmentally realistic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Wei
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, Shandong province, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China.
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46
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Martyniuk CJ, Mehinto AC, Denslow ND. Organochlorine pesticides: Agrochemicals with potent endocrine-disrupting properties in fish. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 507:110764. [PMID: 32112812 PMCID: PMC10603819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent environmental contaminants that act as endocrine disruptors and organ system toxicants. These pesticides (e.g. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, toxaphene, among others) are ranked as some of the most concerning chemicals for human health. These pesticides (1) act as teratogens, (2) are neuroendocrine disruptors, (3) suppress the immune and reproductive systems, and (4) dysregulate lipids and metabolism. Using a computational approach, we revealed enriched endocrine-related pathways in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database sensitive to this chemical class, and these included reproduction (gonadotropins, estradiol, androgen, steroid biosynthesis, oxytocin), thyroid hormone, and insulin. Insight from the Tox21 and ToxCast programs confirm that these agrochemicals activate estrogen receptors, androgen receptors, and retinoic acid receptors with relatively high affinity, although differences exist in their potency. We propose an adverse outcome pathway for OCPs toxicity in the fish testis as a novel contribution to further understanding of OCP-induced toxicity. Organochlorine pesticides, due to their persistence and high toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial wildlife as well as humans, remain significant agrochemicals of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF, USA; Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alvine C Mehinto
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, CA, USA
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF, USA; Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Martorell Ribera J, Nipkow M, Viergutz T, Brunner RM, Bochert R, Koll R, Goldammer T, Gimsa U, Rebl A. Early response of salmonid head-kidney cells to stress hormones and toll-like receptor ligands. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:950-961. [PMID: 31770645 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The functional spectrum of the teleostean head kidney covers haematopoietic, immune and endocrine signalling pathways with physiological effects that are likely to conflict if activated at the same time. An in vivo experiment on the salmonid fish maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) revealed that the head kidney shows a remarkably strong response after injection of Aeromonas salmonicida within 48 h. In order to investigate the potential influence of endocrine signalling on the initiation of immune responses, we established a primary culture of head-kidney cells of maraena whitefish. For the characterisation of this model system, we used flow cytometry complemented with an extensive panel of immunological/haematological and stress-physiological/neuroendocrinological qPCR assays. More than one third of the cells expressed the characteristic signature of myeloid cells, while more than half of the cells expressed those genes typical for lymphocytes and monocytes. In parallel, we quantified the expression of genes encoding endocrine receptors and identified ADRA2D as by far the most highly expressed adrenergic-receptor gene in head-kidney cells. The stimulation of the head-kidney cells with toll-like receptor ligands induced the expression of typical immune genes (IL1B, CXCL8, TNF, SAA) after only 1 h. The incubation with the stress hormones cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline also had an immune-activating effect, though less pronounced. However, cortisol had the strongest suppressive effect on the stimulation-induced immune response, while adrenaline exerted a comparably weaker effect and noradrenaline was almost ineffective. Moreover, we found that cortisol reduced the expression of genes coding for adrenergic and some glucocorticoid receptors, while noradrenaline increased it. In conclusion, the primary head-kidney cells of maraena whitefish reflect the immunological and neuroendocrinological diversity of the entire organ. This in vitro system allowed thus identifying the correlative changes between the activities of hormones and immune factors in salmonid fish in order to contribute to a better understanding of the regulation circuit between stress and immune defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Martorell Ribera
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany; FBN, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Psychophysiology Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Mareen Nipkow
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Viergutz
- FBN, Institute of Reproductive Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ronald M Brunner
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Bochert
- Research Station Aquaculture Born, Institute of Fisheries, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Research Centre for Agriculture and Fisheries (LFA MV), Südstraße 8, 18375, Born/Darss, Germany
| | - Raphael Koll
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gimsa
- FBN, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Psychophysiology Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Dettleff P, Hormazabal E, Aedo J, Fuentes M, Meneses C, Molina A, Valdes JA. Identification and Evaluation of Long Noncoding RNAs in Response to Handling Stress in Red Cusk-Eel (Genypterus chilensis) via RNA-seq. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:94-108. [PMID: 31748906 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native species with strong potential to support Chilean aquaculture diversification. Under commercial conditions, fish are exposed to several stressors. To date, little is known about the mechanism involved in the stress response of red cusk-eel, and there is no information related to the regulation mediated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The objective of this work was to identify for the first time the lncRNAs in the transcriptome of G. chilensis and to evaluate the differential expression levels of lncRNAs in the liver, head kidney, and skeletal muscle in response to handling stress. We used previously published transcriptome data to identify the lncRNAs by applying a series of filters based on annotation information in several databases to discard coding sequences. We identified a total of 14,614 putative lncRNAs in the transcriptome of red cusk-eel, providing a useful lncRNA reference resource to be used in future studies. We evaluated their differential expression in response to handling stress in the liver, head kidney, and skeletal muscle, identifying 112, 323, and 108 differentially expressed lncRNAs, respectively. The results suggest that handling stress in red cusk-eel generate an altered metabolic status in liver, altered immune response in head kidney, and skeletal muscle atrophy through an important coding and noncoding gene network. This is the first study that identifies lncRNAs in Genypterus genus and that evaluates the relation between handling stress and lncRNAs in teleost fish, thereby providing valuable information regarding noncoding responses to stress in Genypterus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Dettleff
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Andres Bello University, Republica 440, 8370186, Santiago, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4070386, Concepción, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Hormazabal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Andres Bello University, Republica 440, 8370186, Santiago, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4070386, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Aedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Andres Bello University, Republica 440, 8370186, Santiago, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4070386, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcia Fuentes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Andres Bello University, Republica 440, 8370186, Santiago, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4070386, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Plant Biotechnology Center, Andres Bello University, 8370186, Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Andres Bello University, 8370186, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Andres Bello University, Republica 440, 8370186, Santiago, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4070386, Concepción, Chile
- CIMARQ, Andres Bello University, Quintay, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Valdes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Andres Bello University, Republica 440, 8370186, Santiago, Chile.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4070386, Concepción, Chile.
- CIMARQ, Andres Bello University, Quintay, Chile.
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Madaro A, Kristiansen TS, Pavlidis MA. How Fish Cope with Stress? Anim Welf 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41675-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Faltermann S, Hettich T, Küng N, Fent K. Effects of the glucocorticoid clobetasol propionate and its mixture with cortisol and different class steroids in adult female zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 218:105372. [PMID: 31812088 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological effects of glucocorticoids and steroid mixtures in the environment are not sufficiently known. Here we investigate effects of 11-14 days exposure of female zebrafish to the glucocorticoid clobetasol propionate (Clo), cortisol (Cs), their mixture and mixtures with five different class steroids (Clo + triamcinolone + estradiol + androstenedione + progesterone) in liver, brain and gonads. Cs showed little activity, while Clo reduced the condition factor at 0.57 and 6.35 μg/L. Clo induced differential expression of genes in the liver at 0.07-6.35 μg/L, which were related to circadian rhythm (per1, nr1d2), glucose metabolism (g6pca, pepck1), immune system response (fkbp 5, socs3, gilz), nuclear steroid receptors (pgr and pxr), steroidogeneses and steroid metabolism (hsd11b2, cyp2k22). Clo caused strong transcriptional down-regulation of vtg. Similar upregulations occurred in the brain for pepck1, fkbp5, socs3, gilz, hsd11b2, and nr1d2a, while cyp19b was down-regulated. Effects of Clo + Cs mixtures were similar to Clo alone. Transcriptional alterations were different in mixtures of five steroids with no alteration of vtg in the liver due to counteraction of Clo and estradiol. Induction of fkbp5 (brain) and sult2st3 (liver) and downregulation of cyp19a (gonads) occurred at 1 μg/L. Histological effects of the five steroids mixture in gonads were characterized by a decrease of mature oocytes. Our data indicate that effects of steroids of different classes sum up to an overall joint effect driven by the most potent steroid Clo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Faltermann
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Timm Hettich
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Noemi Küng
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
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