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Qin Z, He X, Gao Q, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Qin N, Wang C, Huang B, Shi Y, Liu C, Wang S, Zhang H, Li Y, Shi H, Tian X, Song L. Postweaning sodium citrate exposure induces long-lasting and sex-dependent effects on social behaviours in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 242:173807. [PMID: 38925482 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postweaning is a pivotal period for brain development and individual growth. As an important chemical used in medicines, foods and beverages, sodium citrate (SC) is commonly available. Although some effects of SC exposure on individual physiology have been demonstrated, the potential long-lasting effects of postweaning dietary SC exposure on social behaviours are still elusive. METHODS Both postweaning male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to SC through drinking water for a total of 3 weeks. A series of behavioural tests, including social dominance test (SDT), social interaction test (SIT), bedding preference test (BPT) and sexual preference test (SPT), were performed in adolescence and adulthood. After these tests, serum oxytocin (OT) levels and gut microbiota were detected. RESULTS The behavioural results revealed that postweaning SC exposure decreased the social dominance of male mice in adulthood and female mice in both adolescence and adulthood. SC exposure also reduced the sexual preference rates of both males and females, while it had no effect on social interaction behaviour. ELISA results indicated that SC exposure decreased the serum OT levels of females but not males. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed a significant difference in β-diversity after SC exposure in both males and females. The correlation coefficient indicated the correlation between social behaviours, OT levels and dominant genera of gut microbiota. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that postweaning SC exposure may have enduring and sex-dependent effects on social behaviours, which may be correlated with altered serum OT levels and gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Qin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xinyue He
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology (SZX2020013), Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Huajian Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Na Qin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Boya Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology (SZX2020013), Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology (SZX2020013), Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Early Life Health Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology (SZX2020013), Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Early Life Health Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Youdong Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Early Life Health Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology (SZX2020013), Hebei Medical University, 050017, China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Early Life Health Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Li Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology (SZX2020013), Hebei Medical University, 050017, China.
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Ritz NL, Bastiaanssen TFS, Cowan CSM, Smith L, Theune N, Brocka M, Myers EM, Moloney RD, Moloney GM, Shkoporov AN, Draper LA, Hill C, Dinan TG, Slattery DA, Cryan JF. Social fear extinction susceptibility is associated with Microbiota-Gut-Brain axis alterations. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:315-326. [PMID: 38852762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder is a common psychiatric condition that severely affects quality of life of individuals and is a significant societal burden. Although many risk factors for social anxiety exist, it is currently unknown how social fear sensitivity manifests biologically. Furthermore, since some individuals are resilient and others are susceptible to social fear, it is important to interrogate the mechanisms underpinning individual response to social fear situations. The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been associated with social behaviour, has recently been linked with social anxiety disorder, and may serve as a therapeutic target for modulation. Here, we assess the potential of this axis to be linked with social fear extinction processes in a murine model of social anxiety disorder. To this end, we correlated differential social fear responses with microbiota composition, central gene expression, and immune responses. Our data provide evidence that microbiota variability is strongly correlated with alterations in social fear behaviour. Moreover, we identified altered gene candidates by amygdalar transcriptomics that are linked with social fear sensitivity. These include genes associated with social behaviour (Armcx1, Fam69b, Kcnj9, Maoa, Serinc5, Slc6a17, Spata2, and Syngr1), inflammation and immunity (Cars, Ckmt1, Klf5, Maoa, Map3k12, Pex5, Serinc5, Sidt1, Spata2), and microbe-host interaction (Klf5, Map3k12, Serinc5, Sidt1). Together, these data provide further evidence for a role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in social fear responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Ritz
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Dept. of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Dept. of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Caitlin S M Cowan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Dept. of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Linda Smith
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12K8AF, Ireland
| | - Nigel Theune
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Dept. of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Marta Brocka
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Dept. of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Eibhlís M Myers
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Dept. of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Rachel D Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Dept. of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Gerard M Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Dept. of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Andrey N Shkoporov
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12K8AF, Ireland
| | - Lorraine A Draper
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12K8AF, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12K8AF, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Dept. of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - David A Slattery
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60528, Germany
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Dept. of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland.
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3
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Falkenstein M, Simon MC, Mantri A, Weber B, Koban L, Plassmann H. Impact of the gut microbiome composition on social decision-making. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae166. [PMID: 38745566 PMCID: PMC11093127 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the role of the gut microbiome in the regulation of socio-affective behavior in animals and clinical conditions. However, whether and how the composition of the gut microbiome may influence social decision-making in health remains unknown. Here, we tested the causal effects of a 7-week synbiotic (vs. placebo) dietary intervention on altruistic social punishment behavior in an ultimatum game. Results showed that the intervention increased participants' willingness to forgo a monetary payoff when treated unfairly. This change in social decision-making was related to changes in fasting-state serum levels of the dopamine-precursor tyrosine proposing a potential mechanistic link along the gut-microbiota-brain-behavior axis. These results improve our understanding of the bidirectional role body-brain interactions play in social decision-making and why humans at times act "irrationally" according to standard economic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Falkenstein
- Control-Interoception-Attention Team, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (IEL), Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Aakash Mantri
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (IEL), Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Weber
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Leonie Koban
- Control-Interoception-Attention Team, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Marketing Area INSEAD, Boulevard de Constance, 77300 Fontainebleau, France
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS, INSERM, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, CH Le Vinatier - Bâtiment 462 - Neurocampus, 95 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Hilke Plassmann
- Control-Interoception-Attention Team, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Marketing Area INSEAD, Boulevard de Constance, 77300 Fontainebleau, France
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4
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Bragg M, Muletz-Wolz CR, Songsasen N, Freeman EW. Kibble diet is associated with higher faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in zoo-managed red wolves ( Canis rufus). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 12:coae008. [PMID: 38414659 PMCID: PMC10898788 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The red wolf (Canis rufus) is a critically endangered canid that exists solely because of the establishment of the ex situ population in the late 1980s. Yet, the population under human care suffers from gastrointestinal (GI) disease in captivity. While the cause of GI disease is unknown, it is speculated that environmental factors can influence GI health of zoo-managed red wolves. The goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations, a biomarker for stress, and environmental factors for zoo-managed red wolves. Faecal samples were collected from 14 adult wolves three times a week for 5 to 12 months. Using a single-antibody cortisol enzyme immunoassay, FGM concentrations were quantified. Environmental factors were collected for each participating wolf on dietary type, sex, type of public access to enclosure, density (enclosure size [ft2]/number of wolves living in enclosure) and a monthly average status of GI health. Red wolves that ate a commercial kibble diet had both higher FGM concentrations over time and higher baseline FGM concentrations compared to individuals that received commercial kibble mixed with commercial meat. Density, public access or GI health were not related to FGM concentration; however, males had higher baseline FGM concentrations compared to female red wolves. Our findings suggest that management conditions, particularly diet, can strongly influence FGM concentration in the zoo-managed red wolf population. Findings from this study highlight the importance of management choices on individual welfare. Maintaining a healthy captive population of red wolves is imperative for the persistence of the species, including successful future reintroductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Bragg
- Environmental Science and Policy Department, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr. Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Center for Conservation Genetics, Smithsonian National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, 3001 Connecticut Ave. NW Washington, DC, 20008 USA
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - Carly R Muletz-Wolz
- Center for Conservation Genetics, Smithsonian National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, 3001 Connecticut Ave. NW Washington, DC, 20008 USA
| | - Nucharin Songsasen
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Freeman
- School of Integrative Studies, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr. Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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5
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Jiang S, Si J, Mo J, Zhang S, Chen K, Gao J, Xu D, Bai L, Lan G, Liang J. Integrated Microbiome and Serum Metabolome Analysis Reveals Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of the Average Daily Weight Gain of Yorkshire Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:278. [PMID: 38254447 PMCID: PMC10812420 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The average daily weight gain (ADG) is considered a crucial indicator for assessing growth rates in the swine industry. Therefore, investigating the gastrointestinal microbiota and serum metabolites influencing the ADG in pigs is pivotal for swine breed selection. This study involved the inclusion of 350 purebred Yorkshire pigs (age: 90 ± 2 days; body weight: 41.20 ± 4.60 kg). Concurrently, serum and fecal samples were collected during initial measurements of blood and serum indices. The pigs were categorized based on their ADG, with 27 male pigs divided into high-ADG (HADG) and low-ADG (LADG) groups based on their phenotype values. There were 12 pigs in LADG and 15 pigs in HADG. Feces and serum samples were collected on the 90th day. Microbiome and non-targeted metabolomics analyses were conducted using 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Pearson correlation, with Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) adjustment, was employed to assess the associations between these variables. The abundance of Lactobacillus and Prevotella in LADG was significantly higher than in HADG, while Erysipelothrix, Streptomyces, Dubosiella, Parolsenella, and Adlercreutzia in LADG were significantly lower than in HADG. The concentration of glutamine, etiocholanolone glucuronide, and retinoyl beta-glucuronide in LADG was significantly higher than in HADG, while arachidonic acid, allocholic acid, oleic acid, phenylalanine, and methyltestosterone in LADG were significantly lower than in HADG. The Lactobacillus-Streptomyces networks (Lactobacillus, Streptomyces, methyltestosterone, phenylalanine, oleic acid, arachidonic acid, glutamine, 3-ketosphingosine, L-octanoylcarnitine, camylofin, 4-guanidinobutyrate 3-methylcyclopentadecanone) were identified as the most influential at regulating swine weight gain. These findings suggest that the gastrointestinal tract regulates the daily weight gain of pigs through the network of Lactobacillus and Streptomyces. However, this study was limited to fecal and serum samples from growing and fattening boars. A comprehensive consideration of factors affecting the daily weight gain in pig production, including gender, parity, season, and breed, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.J.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (D.X.); (G.L.)
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Jinglei Si
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.J.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (D.X.); (G.L.)
- Guangxi State Farms Yongxin Animal Husbandary Group Co., Ltd., Nanning 530022, China
| | - Jiayuan Mo
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.J.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (D.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.J.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (D.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Kuirong Chen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.J.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (D.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Jiuyu Gao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.J.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (D.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Di Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.J.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (D.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Lijing Bai
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Ganqiu Lan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.J.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (D.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.J.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (J.G.); (D.X.); (G.L.)
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6
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Boem F, Greslehner GP, Konsman JP, Chiu L. Minding the gut: extending embodied cognition and perception to the gut complex. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1172783. [PMID: 38260022 PMCID: PMC10800657 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1172783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Scientific and philosophical accounts of cognition and perception have traditionally focused on the brain and external sense organs. The extended view of embodied cognition suggests including other parts of the body in these processes. However, one organ has often been overlooked: the gut. Frequently conceptualized as merely a tube for digesting food, there is much more to the gut than meets the eye. Having its own enteric nervous system, sometimes referred to as the "second brain," the gut is also an immune organ and has a large surface area interacting with gut microbiota. The gut has been shown to play an important role in many physiological processes, and may arguably do so as well in perception and cognition. We argue that proposals of embodied perception and cognition should take into account the role of the "gut complex," which considers the enteric nervous, endocrine, immune, and microbiota systems as well as gut tissue and mucosal structures. The gut complex is an interface between bodily tissues and the "internalized external environment" of the gut lumen, involved in many aspects of organismic activity beyond food intake. We thus extend current embodiment theories and suggest a more inclusive account of how to "mind the gut" in studying cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Boem
- Section Philosophy, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Pieter Konsman
- IMMUNOlogy from CONcepts and ExPeriments to Translation, CNRS UMR, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lynn Chiu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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König E, Heponiemi P, Kivinen S, Räkköläinen J, Beasley S, Borman T, Collado MC, Hukkinen V, Junnila J, Lahti L, Norring M, Piirainen V, Salminen S, Heinonen M, Valros A. Fewer culturable Lactobacillaceae species identified in faecal samples of pigs performing manipulative behaviour. Sci Rep 2024; 14:132. [PMID: 38168466 PMCID: PMC10762183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Manipulative behaviour that consists of touching or close contact with ears or tails of pen mates is common in pigs and can become damaging. Manipulative behaviour was analysed from video recordings of 45-day-old pigs, and 15 manipulator-control pairs (n = 30) were formed. Controls neither received nor performed manipulative behaviour. Rectal faecal samples of manipulators and controls were compared. 16S PCR was used to identify Lactobacillaceae species and 16S amplicon sequencing to determine faecal microbiota composition. Seven culturable Lactobacillaceae species were identified in control pigs and four in manipulator pigs. Manipulators (p = 0.02) and females (p = 0.005) expressed higher Lactobacillus amylovorus, and a significant interaction was seen (sex * status: p = 0.005) with this sex difference being more marked in controls. Females (p = 0.08) and manipulator pigs (p = 0.07) tended to express higher total Lactobacillaceae. A tendency for an interaction was seen in Limosilactobacillus reuteri (sex * status: p = 0.09). Results suggest a link between observed low diversity in Lactobacillaceae and the development of manipulative behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia König
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Sanni Kivinen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Shea Beasley
- Vetcare Ltd., 04600, Mäntsälä, Finland
- Sheaps Oy, 03250, Ojakkala, Finland
| | - Tuomas Borman
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vilja Hukkinen
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Marianna Norring
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Piirainen
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Mari Heinonen
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Valros
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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K I, Y M, A N, D S, G G, R S, D G, V SN, O S, M F, S R, S O, J MG, A M. Cognitive behavioral and mindfulness with daily exercise intervention is associated with changes in intestinal microbial taxa and systemic inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2337269. [PMID: 38591914 PMCID: PMC11005811 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2337269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease associated with psychological distress and intestinal microbial changes. Here, we examined whether a 3-month period of Cognitive Behavioral and Mindfulness with Daily Exercise (COBMINDEX) intervention, which improves the wellbeing and inflammatory state of CD patients, may also affect their gut microbiome. Gut microbiota, circulating inflammatory markers and hormones were analyzed in 24 CD patients before (T1) and after 3 months of COBMINDEX (T2), and in 25 age- and sex-matched wait-list control patients at the corresponding time-points. Microbiota analysis examined relative taxonomical abundance, alpha and beta diversity, and microbiome correlations with inflammatory and psychological parameters. At T1, CD patients exhibited a characteristic microbial profile mainly constituted of Proteobacteria (17.71%), Firmicutes (65.56%), Actinobacteria (8.46%) and Bacteroidetes (6.24%). Baseline bacterial abundances showed significant correlations with psychological markers of distress and with IFNγ . Following COBMINDEX, no significant changes in alpha and beta diversity were observed between both study groups, though a trend change in beta diversity was noted. Significant changes occurred in the abundance of phyla, families and genera only among the COBMINDEX group. Furthermore, abundance of phyla, families and genera that were altered following COBMNIDEX, significantly correlated with levels of cytokines and psychological parameters. Our results demonstrated that a short-term intervention of COBMINDEX was associated with changes in microbial indices, some of which are linked to psychological manifestations and systemic inflammation in CD patients. Psychological interventions to reduce chronic stress, such as COBMINDEX, appear to be beneficial in mitigating the pathobiology of CD patients, and may thus provide a useful adjunct to pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan K
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Motro Y
- MAGICAL Group, Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer‐Sheva, Israel
| | - Nemirovsky A
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Schwartz D
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Goren G
- Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sergienko R
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Greenberg D
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Slonim-Nevo V
- Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sarid O
- Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Friger M
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Community Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Regev S
- Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Odes S
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Moran-Gilad J
- MAGICAL Group, Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer‐Sheva, Israel
| | - Monsonego A
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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9
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MacKay M, Yang BH, Dursun SM, Baker GB. The Gut-Brain Axis and the Microbiome in Anxiety Disorders, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:866-883. [PMID: 36815632 PMCID: PMC10845093 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230222092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of research supports the role of stress in several psychiatric disorders in which anxiety is a prominent symptom. Other research has indicated that the gut microbiome-immune system- brain axis is involved in a large number of disorders and that this axis is affected by various stressors. The focus of the current review is on the following stress-related disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessivecompulsive disorder. Descriptions of systems interacting in the gut-brain axis, microbiome-derived molecules and of pro- and prebiotics are given. Preclinical and clinical studies on the relationship of the gut microbiome to the psychiatric disorders mentioned above are reviewed. Many studies support the role of the gut microbiome in the production of symptoms in these disorders and suggest the potential for pro- and prebiotics for their treatment, but there are also contradictory findings and concerns about the limitations of some of the research that has been done. Matters to be considered in future research include longer-term studies with factors such as sex of the subjects, drug use, comorbidity, ethnicity/ race, environmental effects, diet, and exercise taken into account; appropriate compositions of pro- and prebiotics; the translatability of studies on animal models to clinical situations; and the effects on the gut microbiome of drugs currently used to treat these disorders. Despite these challenges, this is a very active area of research that holds promise for more effective, precision treatment of these stressrelated disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie MacKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bohan H. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Serdar M. Dursun
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen B. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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10
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Carmel J, Ghanayem N, Mayouf R, Saleev N, Chaterjee I, Getselter D, Tikhonov E, Turjeman S, Shaalan M, Khateeb S, Kuzminsky A, Kvetniy-Ferdman N, Kronos T, Bretler-Zager T, Koren O, Elliott E. Bacteroides is increased in an autism cohort and induces autism-relevant behavioral changes in mice in a sex-dependent manner. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:103. [PMID: 38110423 PMCID: PMC10728123 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition which is defined by decreased social communication and the presence of repetitive or stereotypic behaviors. Recent evidence has suggested that the gut-brain axis may be important in neurodevelopment in general and may play a role in ASD in particular. Here, we present a study of the gut microbiome in 96 individuals diagnosed with ASD in Israel, compared to 42 neurotypical individuals. We determined differences in alpha and beta diversity in the microbiome of individuals with ASD and demonstrated that the phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Bacteroides were the most significantly over-represented in individuals with ASD. To understand the possible functional significance of these changes, we treated newborn mice with Bacteroides fragilis at birth. B. fragilis-treated male mice displayed social behavior dysfunction, increased repetitive behaviors, and gene expression dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex, while female mice did not display behavioral deficits. These findings suggest that overabundance of Bacteroides, particularly in early life, may have functional consequences for individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carmel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Rasha Mayouf
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Natalia Saleev
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | | | - Evgeny Tikhonov
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | | | - Alla Kuzminsky
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Evan Elliott
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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11
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Mougin C, Chataigner M, Lucas C, Leyrolle Q, Pallet V, Layé S, Bouvret E, Dinel AL, Joffre C. Dietary Marine Hydrolysate Improves Memory Performance and Social Behavior through Gut Microbiota Remodeling during Aging. Foods 2023; 12:4199. [PMID: 38231613 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a decline in social behavior and cognitive functions leading to a decrease in life quality. In a previous study, we show that a fish hydrolysate supplementation prevents age-related decline in spatial short-term memory and long-term memory and anxiety-like behavior and improves the stress response in aged mice. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a fish hydrolysate enriched with EPA/DHA or not on the cognitive ability and social interaction during aging and the biological mechanisms involved. We showed for the first time that a fish hydrolysate enriched with EPA/DHA or not improved memory performance and preference for social novelty that were diminished by aging. These changes were associated with the modulation of the gut microbiota, normalization of corticosterone, and modulation of the expression of genes involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, circadian clock, neuroprotection, and antioxidant activity. Thus, these changes may contribute to the observed improvements in social behavior and memory and reinforced the innovative character of fish hydrolysate in the prevention of age-related impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Mougin
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Abyss Ingredients, 56850 Caudan, France
| | - Mathilde Chataigner
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Abyss Ingredients, 56850 Caudan, France
| | - Céline Lucas
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Quentin Leyrolle
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Anne-Laure Dinel
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Nutrineuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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12
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Murray N, Al Khalaf S, Bastiaanssen TFS, Kaulmann D, Lonergan E, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Khashan AS, O’Connor K. Compositional and Functional Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Psychosis or Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1239-1255. [PMID: 37210594 PMCID: PMC10483467 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Intestinal microbiota is intrinsically linked to human health. Evidence suggests that the composition and function of the microbiome differs in those with schizophrenia compared with controls. It is not clear how these alterations functionally impact people with schizophrenia. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to combine and evaluate data on compositional and functional alterations in microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN Original studies involving humans and animals were included. The electronic databases PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Cochrane were systematically searched and quantitative analysis performed. STUDY RESULTS Sixteen original studies met inclusion criteria (1376 participants: 748 cases and 628 controls). Ten were included in the meta-analysis. Although observed species and Chao 1 show a decrease in diversity in people with schizophrenia compared with controls (SMD = -0.14 and -0.66 respectively), that did not reach statistical significance. We did not find evidence for variations in richness or evenness of microbiota between patients and controls overall. Differences in beta diversity and consistent patterns in microbial taxa were noted across studies. We found increases in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera in schizophrenia groups. Variations in brain structure, metabolic pathways, and symptom severity may be associated with compositional alterations in the microbiome. The heterogeneous design of studies complicates a similar evaluation of functional readouts. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome may play a role in the etiology and symptomatology of schizophrenia. Understanding how the implications of alterations in microbial genes for symptomatic expression and clinical outcomes may contribute to the development of microbiome targeted interventions for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sukainah Al Khalaf
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Kaulmann
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Edgar Lonergan
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ali S Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
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13
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Hilakivi-Clarke L, de Oliveira Andrade F. Social Isolation and Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad126. [PMID: 37586098 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of life stressors in breast cancer remains unclear, social isolation is consistently associated with increased breast cancer risk and mortality. Social isolation can be defined as loneliness or an absence of perceived social connections. In female mice and rats, social isolation is mimicked by housing animals 1 per cage. Social isolation causes many biological changes, of which an increase in inflammatory markers and disruptions in mitochondrial and cellular metabolism are commonly reported. It is not clear how the 2 traditional stress-induced pathways, namely, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA), resulting in a release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex, and autonomic nervous system (ANS), resulting in a release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla and postganglionic neurons, could explain the increased breast cancer risk in socially isolated individuals. For instance, glucocorticoid receptor activation in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells inhibits their proliferation, and activation of β-adrenergic receptor in immature immune cells promotes their differentiation toward antitumorigenic T cells. However, activation of HPA and ANS pathways may cause a disruption in the brain-gut-microbiome axis, resulting in gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis, in turn, leads to an alteration in the production of bacterial metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids, causing a systemic low-grade inflammation and inducing dysfunction in mitochondrial and cellular metabolism. A possible causal link between social isolation-induced increased breast cancer risk and mortality and gut dysbiosis should be investigated, as it offers new tools to prevent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Hilakivi-Clarke
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Fabia de Oliveira Andrade
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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14
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Hu JJ, Zhang YB, Zheng SF, Chen GR, Lin YX, Kang DZ, Lin ZY, Yao PS. The causal relationship between circulating biomarkersand the risk of bipolar disorder: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 164:66-71. [PMID: 37327502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify susceptible biomarkers for the development of bipolar disorder (BD), we conducted a Mendelian Randomization (MR) design to screen circulating proteins for the potential risk of bipolar disorder systematically. METHODS We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to estimate the causality of 4782 human circulating proteins on the risk of bipolar disorder. 376 circulating biomarkers were selected in MR estimation (4406 circulating proteins with less than 3 SNPs were excluded) with 5368 European descents. GWAS meta-analysis of the potential role of all-cause bipolar disorder arose from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (41,917 cases, 371,549 controls). RESULTS After IVW and sensitivity analysis, 4 circulating proteins having causal effects on bipolar disorder were identified. ISG15, as a key player in the innate immune response, decreased the risk of bipolar disorder causally (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.89-0.94, P = 1.46e-09). Furthermore, MLN decreased the risk of bipolar disorder causally (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91-0.97, P = 1.04e-04). In addition, SFTPC (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86-0.96, P = 4.47e-04) and VCY (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77-0.96, P = 8.55e-03) presented a suggestive association with bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that ISG15 and MLN showed evidence of causality in bipolar disorder and provided a promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Yi-Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Shu-Fa Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Guo-Rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - De-Zhi Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhang-Ya Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Department of Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Pei-Sen Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China.
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15
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Scott E, Brewer MS, Peralta AL, Issa FA. The Effects of Social Experience on Host Gut Microbiome in Male Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2023; 244:177-189. [PMID: 38457676 DOI: 10.1086/729377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough the gut and the brain vastly differ in physiological function, they have been interlinked in a variety of different neurological and behavioral disorders. The bacteria that comprise the gut microbiome communicate and influence the function of various physiological processes within the body, including nervous system function. However, the effects of social experience in the context of dominance and social stress on gut microbiome remain poorly understood. Here, we examined whether social experience impacts the host zebrafish (Danio rerio) gut microbiome. We studied how social dominance during the first 2 weeks of social interactions changed the composition of zebrafish gut microbiome by comparing gut bacterial composition, diversity, and relative abundance between socially dominant, submissive, social isolates and control group-housed communal fish. Using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we report that social dominance significantly affects host gut bacterial community composition but not bacterial diversity. At the genus level, Aeromonas and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae relative abundance decreased in dominant individuals while commensal bacteria (e.g., Exiguobacterium and Cetobacterium) increased in relative abundance. Conversely, the relative abundance of Psychrobacter and Acinetobacter was increased in subordinates, isolates, and communal fish compared to dominant fish. The shift in commensal and pathogenic bacteria highlights the impact of social experience and the accompanying stress on gut microbiome, with potentially similar effects in other social organisms.
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16
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Homer B, Judd J, Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh M, Ebrahimie E, Trott DJ. Gut Microbiota and Behavioural Issues in Production, Performance, and Companion Animals: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091458. [PMID: 37174495 PMCID: PMC10177538 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature has identified poor nutrition as the leading factor in the manifestation of many behavioural issues in animals, including aggression, hyperalertness, and stereotypies. Literature focused on all species of interest consistently reported that although there were no significant differences in the richness of specific bacterial taxa in the microbiota of individual subjects with abnormal behaviour (termed alpha diversity), there was variability in species diversity between these subjects compared to controls (termed beta diversity). As seen in humans with mental disorders, animals exhibiting abnormal behaviour often have an enrichment of pro-inflammatory and lactic acid-producing bacteria and a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria. It is evident from the literature that an association exists between gut microbiota diversity (and by extension, the concurrent production of microbial metabolites) and abnormal behavioural phenotypes across various species, including pigs, dogs, and horses. Similar microbiota population changes are also evident in human mental health patients. However, there are insufficient data to identify this association as a cause or effect. This review provides testable hypotheses for future research to establish causal relationships between gut microbiota and behavioural issues in animals, offering promising potential for the development of novel therapeutic and/or preventative interventions aimed at restoring a healthy gut-brain-immune axis to mitigate behavioural issues and, in turn, improve health, performance, and production in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Homer
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Jackson Judd
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | | | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
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17
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Donovan M, Mackey CS, Lynch MDJ, Platt GN, Brown AN, Washburn BK, Trickey DJ, Curtis JT, Liu Y, Charles TC, Wang Z, Jones KM. Limosilactobacillus reuteri administration alters the gut-brain-behavior axis in a sex-dependent manner in socially monogamous prairie voles. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1015666. [PMID: 36846764 PMCID: PMC9945313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1015666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the role of gut microbiota in behavior has grown dramatically. The probiotic L. reuteri can alter social and stress-related behaviors - yet, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Although traditional laboratory rodents provide a foundation for examining the role of L. reuteri on the gut-brain axis, they do not naturally display a wide variety of social behaviors. Using the highly-social, monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), we examined the effects of L. reuteri administration on behaviors, neurochemical marker expression, and gut-microbiome composition. Females, but not males, treated with live L. reuteri displayed lower levels of social affiliation compared to those treated with heat-killed L. reuteri. Overall, females displayed a lower level of anxiety-like behaviors than males. Live L. reuteri-treated females had lower expression of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and CRF type-2-receptor in the nucleus accumbens, and lower vasopressin 1a-receptor in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), but increased CRF in the PVN. There were both baseline sex differences and sex-by-treatment differences in gut microbiome composition. Live L. reuteri increased the abundance of several taxa, including Enterobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136, and Treponema. Interestingly, heat-killed L. reuteri increased abundance of the beneficial taxa Bifidobacteriaceae and Blautia. There were significant correlations between changes in microbiota, brain neurochemical markers, and behaviors. Our data indicate that L. reuteri impacts gut microbiota, gut-brain axis and behaviors in a sex-specific manner in socially-monogamous prairie voles. This demonstrates the utility of the prairie vole model for further examining causal impacts of microbiome on brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Donovan
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Calvin S. Mackey
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Michael D. J. Lynch
- Metagenom Bio Life Science Inc, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Grayson N. Platt
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Amber N. Brown
- Department of Biological Science Core Facilities, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Brian K. Washburn
- Department of Biological Science Core Facilities, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Darryl J. Trickey
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - J. Thomas Curtis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Trevor C. Charles
- Metagenom Bio Life Science Inc, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Jones
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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18
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Assis BA, Bell TH, Engler HI, King WL. Shared and unique responses in the microbiome of allopatric lizards reared in a standardized environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:5-12. [PMID: 36266922 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome can influence host fitness and, consequently, the ecology and evolution of natural populations. Microbiome composition can be driven by environmental exposure but also by the host's genetic background and phenotype. To contrast environmental and genetic effects on the microbiome we leverage preserved specimens of eastern fence lizards from allopatric lineages east and west of the Mississippi River but reared in standardized conditions. Bacterial composition was indistinguishable between lineages but responded significantly to host age-a proxy for environmental exposure. This was accompanied by a continuous decrease in bacterial diversity in both lineages, partially driven by decreasing evenness seen only in western lizards. These findings indicate that longer exposure to a homogeneous habitat may have a depreciating effect on microbiome diversity in eastern fence lizards, a response shared by both lineages. We highlight the importance of such effects when extrapolating patterns from laboratory experiments to the natural world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio A Assis
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Terrence H Bell
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heather I Engler
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William L King
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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19
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Misera A, Łoniewski I, Palma J, Kulaszyńska M, Czarnecka W, Kaczmarczyk M, Liśkiewicz P, Samochowiec J, Skonieczna-Żydecka K. Clinical significance of microbiota changes under the influence of psychotropic drugs. An updated narrative review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1125022. [PMID: 36937257 PMCID: PMC10014913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1125022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Relationship between drugs and microbiota is bilateral. Proper composition thus function of microbiota is a key to some medications used in modern medicine. However, there is also the other side of the coin. Pharmacotherapeutic agents can modify the microbiota significantly, which consequently affects its function. A recently published study showed that nearly 25% of drugs administered to humans have antimicrobial effects. Multiple antidepressants are antimicrobials,. and antibiotics with proven antidepressant effects do exist. On the other hand, antibiotics (e.g., isoniaside, minocycline) confer mental phenotype changes, and adverse effects caused by some antibiotics include neurological and psychological symptoms which further supports the hypothesis that intestinal microbiota may affect the function of the central nervous system. Here we gathered comprehensively data on drugs used in psychiatry regarding their antimicrobial properties. We believe our data has strong implications for the treatment of psychiatric entities. Nevertheless the study of ours highlights the need for more well-designed trials aimed at analysis of gut microbiota function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Misera
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Sanprobi sp. z o.o. sp.k., Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Palma
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Monika Kulaszyńska
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Czarnecka
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Liśkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka,
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20
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Huang L, Chen C. Employing pigs to decipher the host genetic effect on gut microbiome: advantages, challenges, and perspectives. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2205410. [PMID: 37122143 PMCID: PMC10153013 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2205410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex and diverse ecosystem comprised of trillions of microbes and plays an essential role in host's immunity, metabolism, and even behaviors. Environmental and host factors drive the huge variations in the gut microbiome among individuals. Here, we summarize accumulated evidences about host genetic effect on the gut microbial compositions with emphases on the correlation between host genetic kinship and the similarity of microbial compositions, heritability estimates of microbial taxa, and identification of genomic variants associated with the gut microbiome in pigs as well as in humans. A proportion of bacterial taxa have been reported to be heritable, and numerous variants associated with the diversity of the gut microbiota or specific taxa have been identified in both humans and pigs. LCT and ABO gene have been replicated in multiple studies, and its mechanism have been elucidated clearly. We also discuss the main advantages and challenges using pigs as experimental animals in exploring host genetic effect on the gut microbial composition and provided our insights on the perspectives in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Congying Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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21
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Tcherni-Buzzeo M. Dietary interventions, the gut microbiome, and aggressive behavior: Review of research evidence and potential next steps. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:15-32. [PMID: 35997420 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research in biosocial criminology and other related disciplines has established links between nutrition and aggressive behavior. In addition to observational studies, randomized trials of nutritional supplements like vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, and folic acid provide evidence of the dietary impact on aggression. However, the exact mechanism of the diet-aggression link is not well understood. The current article proposes that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the process, with the microbiota-gut-brain axis serving as such a mediating mechanism between diet and behavior. Based on animal and human studies, this review synthesizes a wide array of research across several academic fields: from the effects of dietary interventions on aggression, to the results of microbiota transplantation on socioemotional and behavioral outcomes, to the connections between early adversity, stress, microbiome, and aggression. Possibilities for integrating the microbiotic perspective with the more traditional, sociologically oriented theories in criminology are discussed, using social disorganization and self-control theories as examples. To extend the existing lines of research further, the article considers harnessing the experimental potential of noninvasive and low-cost dietary interventions to help establish the causal impact of the gut microbiome on aggressive behavior, while adhering to the high ethical standards and modern research requirements. Implications of this research for criminal justice policy and practice are essential: not only can it help determine whether the improved gut microbiome functioning moderates aggressive and violent behavior but also provide ways to prevent and reduce such behavior, alone or in combination with other crime prevention programs.
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22
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Combrink L, Humphreys IR, Washburn Q, Arnold HK, Stagaman K, Kasschau KD, Jolles AE, Beechler BR, Sharpton TJ. Best practice for wildlife gut microbiome research: A comprehensive review of methodology for 16S rRNA gene investigations. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1092216. [PMID: 36910202 PMCID: PMC9992432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research in well-studied animal models underscores the importance of commensal gastrointestinal (gut) microbes to animal physiology. Gut microbes have been shown to impact dietary digestion, mediate infection, and even modify behavior and cognition. Given the large physiological and pathophysiological contribution microbes provide their host, it is reasonable to assume that the vertebrate gut microbiome may also impact the fitness, health and ecology of wildlife. In accordance with this expectation, an increasing number of investigations have considered the role of the gut microbiome in wildlife ecology, health, and conservation. To help promote the development of this nascent field, we need to dissolve the technical barriers prohibitive to performing wildlife microbiome research. The present review discusses the 16S rRNA gene microbiome research landscape, clarifying best practices in microbiome data generation and analysis, with particular emphasis on unique situations that arise during wildlife investigations. Special consideration is given to topics relevant for microbiome wildlife research from sample collection to molecular techniques for data generation, to data analysis strategies. Our hope is that this article not only calls for greater integration of microbiome analyses into wildlife ecology and health studies but provides researchers with the technical framework needed to successfully conduct such investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Combrink
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Quinn Washburn
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Holly K Arnold
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Keaton Stagaman
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Kristin D Kasschau
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Anna E Jolles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Brianna R Beechler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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23
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Yan F, Xia L, Xu L, Deng L, Jin G. A comparative study to determine the association of gut microbiome with schizophrenia in Zhejiang, China. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:731. [PMID: 36424595 PMCID: PMC9694861 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rapid progress of high-throughput sequencing technology, characterization of schizophrenia (SZ) with underlying probing of the gut microbiome can explore pathogenic mechanisms, estimate disease risk, and allow customization of therapeutic and prophylactic modalities. In this study, we compared the differences in gut microbial diversity and composition between 50 SZ subjects and 50 healthy matched subjects in Zhejiang, China via targeted next-generation sequencing (16S rRNA amplicon). RESULTS Accordingly, the alpha diversity indices (observed species index, Shannon index, and Simpson index) of the gut microbiome in the healthy control group were higher than those in the SZ group. Additionally, principal coordinate analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling of beta diversity revealed that patients with SZ clustered more tightly than healthy controls. At the phylum level, we found that the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in the SZ group was significantly increased. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Parabacteroides, and Sutterella were significantly higher, whereas the abundances of Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Lachnospira, Clostridium, Ruminococcus, and Coprococcus were lower than those in the healthy control group. Further analyses revealed that Succinivibrio, Megasphaera, and Nesterenkonia may serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing patients with SZ from those in the control cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study profiled differences in gut microbiome diversity, taxonomic composition, and function between SZ and healthy cohorts, and the insights from this research could be used to develop targeted next-generation sequencing-based diagnoses for SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyang Yan
- The Second People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, 323000 China
| | - Lehong Xia
- The Second People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, 323000 China
| | - Li Xu
- The Second People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, 323000 China
| | - Liyun Deng
- The Second People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, 323000 China
| | - Guolin Jin
- The Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, 323000, China.
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24
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Examining the Influence of the Human Gut Microbiota on Cognition and Stress: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214623. [PMID: 36364881 PMCID: PMC9656545 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is seen as an emerging biotechnology that can be manipulated to enhance or preserve cognition and physiological outputs of anxiety and depression in clinical conditions. However, the existence of such interactions in healthy young individuals in both non-stressful and stressful environments is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between the human gut microbiota, including modulators of the microbiota on cognition, brain function and/or stress, anxiety and depression. A total of n = 25 eligible research articles from a possible 3853 published between October 2018 and August 2021 were identified and included. Two study design methods for synthesis were identified: cross-sectional or pre/post intervention. Few cross-sectional design studies that linked microbiota to cognition, brain activity/structure or mental wellbeing endpoints existed (n = 6); however, correlations between microbiota diversity and composition and areas of the brain related to cognitive functions (memory and visual processing) were observed. Intervention studies targeting the gut microbiota to improve cognition, brain structure/function or emotional well-being (n = 19) generally resulted in improved brain activity and/or cognition (6/8), and improvements in depression and anxiety scores (5/8). Despite inherit limitations in studies reviewed, available evidence suggests that gut microbiota is linked to brain connectivity and cognitive performance and that modulation of gut microbiota could be a promising strategy for enhancing cognition and emotional well-being in stressed and non-stressed situations.
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25
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Pinacho-Guendulain B, Montiel-Castro AJ, Ramos-Fernández G, Pacheco-López G. Social complexity as a driving force of gut microbiota exchange among conspecific hosts in non-human primates. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:876849. [PMID: 36110388 PMCID: PMC9468716 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.876849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergent concept of the social microbiome implies a view of a highly connected biological world, in which microbial interchange across organisms may be influenced by social and ecological connections occurring at different levels of biological organization. We explore this idea reviewing evidence of whether increasing social complexity in primate societies is associated with both higher diversity and greater similarity in the composition of the gut microbiota. By proposing a series of predictions regarding such relationship, we evaluate the existence of a link between gut microbiota and primate social behavior. Overall, we find that enough empirical evidence already supports these predictions. Nonetheless, we conclude that studies with the necessary, sufficient, explicit, and available evidence are still scarce. Therefore, we reflect on the benefit of founding future analyses on the utility of social complexity as a theoretical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio Pinacho-Guendulain
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Augusto Jacobo Montiel-Castro
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Lerma, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Augusto Jacobo Montiel-Castro,
| | - Gabriel Ramos-Fernández
- Institute for Research on Applied Mathematics and Systems (IIMAS), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Center for Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-López
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Lerma, Mexico
- Gustavo Pacheco-López,
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26
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Simpson S, Mclellan R, Wellmeyer E, Matalon F, George O. Drugs and Bugs: The Gut-Brain Axis and Substance Use Disorders. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:33-61. [PMID: 34694571 PMCID: PMC9074906 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) represent a significant public health crisis. Worldwide, 5.4% of the global disease burden is attributed to SUDs and alcohol use, and many more use psychoactive substances recreationally. Often associated with comorbidities, SUDs result in changes to both brain function and physiological responses. Mounting evidence calls for a precision approach for the treatment and diagnosis of SUDs, and the gut microbiome is emerging as a contributor to such disorders. Over the last few centuries, modern lifestyles, diets, and medical care have altered the health of the microbes that live in and on our bodies; as we develop, our diets and lifestyle dictate which microbes flourish and which microbes vanish. An increase in antibiotic treatments, with many antibiotic interventions occurring early in life during the microbiome's normal development, transforms developing microbial communities. Links have been made between the microbiome and SUDs, and the microbiome and conditions that are often comorbid with SUDs such as anxiety, depression, pain, and stress. A better understanding of the mechanisms influencing behavioral changes and drug use is critical in developing novel treatments for SUDSs. Targeting the microbiome as a therapeutic and diagnostic tool is a promising avenue of exploration. This review will provide an overview of the role of the gut-brain axis in a wide range of SUDs, discuss host and microbe pathways that mediate changes in the brain's response to drugs, and the microbes and related metabolites that impact behavior and health within the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US.
| | - Rio Mclellan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US
| | - Emma Wellmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US
| | - Frederic Matalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US
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27
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Gut microbiome and daytime function in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychosom Res 2022; 157:110787. [PMID: 35344817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is underscored by daytime dysfunction-associated features, including mood disturbances, impaired cognition, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness. Importantly, the gut-brain axis may represent a potential mechanistic link between MDD and daytime dysfunction. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the gut microbiome composition and daytime dysfunction in Chinese patients with MDD. METHODS We enrolled 36 patients with MDD and 45 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Daytime function including emotion, fatigue, and sleepiness were assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to characterize the gut microbiota in stool samples. RESULTS The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) OTU255, OUT363 were positively correlated with HAMD and HAMA. OTU244, OTU542 and OTU221 were positively correlated with ESS, HAMD and HAMA. OTU725 and OTU80 were positively correlated with FSS, ESS, HAMD and HAMA, while OTU423 and OTU502 were negatively correlated with all above. Flavonifractor positively correlated with fatigue in patients with MDD and all individuals simultaneously. The correlation between gut microbiome and daytime function was different in MDD and HCs. CONCLUSIONS We identified several OTUs associated with the severity of fatigue, depression, daytime sleepiness and anxiety in all individuals. Our results revealed the differences in microbiome found between patients with MDD and HCs. These findings provide insights into the potential microbiota changes that occur in MDD, and will enable the development of specific therapeutic strategies for targeting the various symptoms of depression.
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28
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Curcumin attenuates LPS-induced sickness behavior and fever in rats by modulating Nrf2 activity. Neurosci Lett 2022; 781:136680. [PMID: 35568344 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent inducer of inflammation, triggering behavioral changes and fever. The present study aimed to evaluate whether pretreatment with curcumin prevents the behavioral changes and fever induced by LPS through the modulation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Male Wistar rats received either vehicle or LPS and after 2 h, the behavioral responses were assessed through open field test (OFT), social interaction test, forced swim test (FST), and food intake assessment. The febrile response was assessed by telemetry after vehicle or LPS injection to evaluate the effect of curcumin on the thermoregulatory response during the immunological challenge. The pretreatment with curcumin at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg prevented the reduction of distance traveled on OFT, increased the immobility time of FST, impaired social withdrawal, decreased food intake, and induced fever. In addition, at these doses, it was possible to observe a significant decrease in the plasma levels of cytokines and an increase in Nrf2 translocation to the cell nucleus during the immunological challenge. Our data provide further evidence of curcumin's ability to prevent LPS-induced sickness behavior and fever possibly by a mechanism related to the modulation of Nrf2 translocation.
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29
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Cusick JA, Wellman CL, Demas GE. Maternal stress and the maternal microbiome have sex-specific effects on offspring development and aggressive behavior in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Horm Behav 2022; 141:105146. [PMID: 35276524 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome, a community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses, interacts with many physiological systems to affect behavior. Prenatal experiences, including exposure to maternal stress and different maternal microbiomes, are important sources of organismal variation that can affect offspring development. These physiological systems do not act in isolation and can have long-term effects on offspring development and behavior. Here we investigated the interactive effects of maternal stress and manipulations of the maternal microbiome on offspring development and social behavior using Siberian hamsters, Phodopus sungorus. We exposed pregnant females to either a social stressor, antibiotics, both the social stressor and antibiotics, or no treatment (i.e., control) over the duration of their pregnancy and quantified male and female offspring growth, gut microbiome composition and diversity, stress-induced cortisol concentrations, and social behavior. Maternal antibiotic exposure altered the gut microbial communities of male and female offspring. Maternal treatment also had sex-specific effects on aspects of offspring development and aggressive behavior. Female offspring produced by stressed mothers were more aggressive than other female offspring. Female, but not male, offspring produced by mothers exposed to the combined treatment displayed low levels of aggression, suggesting that alteration of the maternal microbiome attenuated the effects of prenatal stress in a sex-specific manner. Maternal treatment did not affect non-aggressive behavior in offspring. Collectively, our study offers insight into how maternal systems can interact to affect offspring in sex-specific ways and highlights the important role of the maternal microbiome in mediating offspring development and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Cusick
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, United States of America; Department of Biology, Indiana University, United States of America; Animal Behavior Program, Indiana University, United States of America.
| | - Cara L Wellman
- Animal Behavior Program, Indiana University, United States of America; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, United States of America; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, United States of America
| | - Gregory E Demas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, United States of America; Animal Behavior Program, Indiana University, United States of America; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, United States of America
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30
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Lalonde R, Strazielle C. Probiotic effects on anxiety-like behavior in animal models. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:691-701. [PMID: 35381125 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota have been shown to be useful in treating gastrointestinal diseases, cancer, obesity, infections, and, more recently, neuropsychiatric conditions such as degenerative diseases and depression. There has also been recent expansion in testing probiotics and prebiotics on anxiety-like behaviors in animals. Current results indicate that probiotic substances of the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium type are effective in reducing anxiety-like behaviors in mice or rats evaluated in the elevated plus-maze, the open-field, the light-dark box, and conditioned defensive burying. Probiotics are also effective in reducing serum or plasma corticosterone levels after acute stress. It is hypothesized that probiotics cause anxiolytic-like effects via vagal influences on caudal solitary nucleus, periaqueductal gray, central nucleus of the amygdala, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Further experimentation is needed to trace the neurochemical anatomy underlying anxiolytic-like behaviors of gut microbiata exerting effects via vagal or nonvagal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lalonde
- University of Lorraine, Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA7300), Medical School, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Strazielle
- University of Lorraine, Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA7300), Medical School, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.,CHRU Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
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31
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Xie T, Wang Y, Zou Z, Wu Y, Fan X, Dai J, Liu Y, Bai J. Relationship between the gut microbiota and temperament in children 1-2 years old in Chinese birth cohort. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 148:52-60. [PMID: 35101710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the relationship between the gut microbiota and temperament can provide new insights for the regulation of behavioral intervention in children, which is still lacking research. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the gut microbiota and temperament in a cohort of children in 1 year and 2 years old. METHODS This study included a total of 37 children with completed information, in which 51 samples at age 1 and 41 samples at age 2 were received respectively. We collected birth and demographic information. Parents reported their child's temperament characteristics using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-revised (IBQ-R) and Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ). Fecal samples were collected from each child at 1 and 2 years old and sequenced with MiSeq sequencer. Multiple linear regressions and linear mixed effect models were used to analyze the relationship between the temperament and their microbiota composition as well as the diversity and effect of gender or age on this relationship. RESULTS At age of year 2, Faecalibacterium was negatively associated with high-intensity pleasure and surgency. Bifidobacterium was negatively correlated with Perceptual sensitivity. Results showed no difference about three domains between year 1 and year 2, while gut microbiota showed diversity difference and genera difference. There was no gender and age difference on the relationship between temperament and the gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Temperament was associated with the gut microbiota over time. The temperament remained stable and the relationship between the gut microbiota and temperament wasn't associated with age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqu Xie
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, China.
| | - Zhijie Zou
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yinyin Wu
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jiamiao Dai
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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The Impact of Probiotic Bacillus subtilis on Injurious Behavior in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070870. [PMID: 35405859 PMCID: PMC8997090 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Injurious behavior prevention is a critical issue in the poultry industry due to increasing social stress, leading to negative effects on bird production and survivability, consequently enhancing gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuroinflammation via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Probiotics have been used as potential therapeutic psychobiotics to treat or improve neuropsychiatric disorders or symptoms by boosting cognitive and behavioral processes and reducing stress reactions in humans and various experimental animals. The current data will first report that probiotic Bacillus subtilis reduces stress-induced injurious behavior in laying hens via regulating microbiota–gut–brain function with the potential to be an alternative to beak trimming during poultry egg production. Abstract Intestinal microbiota functions such as an endocrine organ to regulate host physiological homeostasis and behavioral exhibition in stress responses via regulating the gut–brain axis in humans and other mammals. In humans, stress-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota leads to intestinal permeability, subsequently affecting the clinical course of neuropsychiatric disorders, increasing the frequency of aggression and related violent behaviors. Probiotics, as direct-fed microorganism, have been used as dietary supplements or functional foods to target gut microbiota (microbiome) for the prevention or therapeutic treatment of mental diseases including social stress-induced psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and schizophrenia. Similar function of the probiotics may present in laying hens due to the intestinal microbiota having a similar function between avian and mammals. In laying hens, some management practices such as hens reared in conventional cages or at a high stocking density may cause stress, leading to injurious behaviors such as aggressive pecking, severe feather pecking, and cannibalism, which is a critical issue facing the poultry industry due to negative effects on hen health and welfare with devastating economic consequences. We discuss the current development of using probiotic Bacillus subtilis to prevent or reduce injurious behavior in laying hens.
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Chen X, Meng S, Yu Y, Li S, Wu L, Zhang Y. The role of probiotic intervention in regulating gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and depression-like behavior in lead-exposed rats. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2022; 35:95-106. [PMID: 35143471 PMCID: PMC10464776 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to observe the depression-like behavior changes of rats exposed to lead with or without probiotic intervention, and to investigate changes in the gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels after lead exposure, and the possible functions of probiotics in this process. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a 300 mg/l lead acetate solution for 24 weeks, with or without probiotic (freeze-dried powder containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium: 6 billion live bacteria/2 g) intervention in weeks 17-24. The sucrose preference test (SPT), the forced swim test (FST), and the tail suspension test (TST) were preformed to study the depression- like behaviors of these rats. The alteration of rat gut microbiota induced by lead exposure was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the levels of fecal SCFAs were detected using gas chromatography. RESULTS Neurobehavioral tests showed that lead exposure induced depression-like behavior in rats, including reduced sucrose preference in the SPT, and increased immobility times in the FST and the TST. Sequencing and gas chromatography showed that lead exposure changed the structure and the phylogenetic diversity of the gut microbiota, as well as significantly altered the levels of SCFAs. Moreover, the depression-like behaviors, and the changes in both gut microbiota and SCFAs, could be mitigated by probiotic intervention. CONCLUSIONS Lead exposure not only changes the structure and diversity of the gut microbiome but also affects metabolic function. Probiotic intervention may be a novel initiative for the prevention and treatment of neurological damage following lead exposure. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(1):95-106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Chen
- North China University of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Tangshan, China
- Workers Hospital of Caofeidian District, Central Laboratory, Tangshan, China
| | - Shujuan Meng
- Tangshan Hongci Hospital, Department of Pathology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yongli Yu
- Tangshan Hongci Hospital, Department of Pathology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- North China University of Science and Technology, Experimental Animal Center, Tangshan, China
| | - Lei Wu
- North China University of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Tangshan, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- North China University of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Tangshan, China
- North China University of Science and Technology, Experimental Animal Center, Tangshan, China
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Rudolph K, Schneider D, Fichtel C, Daniel R, Heistermann M, Kappeler PM. Drivers of gut microbiome variation within and between groups of a wild Malagasy primate. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:28. [PMID: 35139921 PMCID: PMC8827170 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various aspects of sociality can benefit individuals' health. The host social environment and its relative contributions to the host-microbiome relationship have emerged as key topics in microbial research. Yet, understanding the mechanisms that lead to structural variation in the social microbiome, the collective microbial metacommunity of an animal's social network, remains difficult since multiple processes operate simultaneously within and among animal social networks. Here, we examined the potential drivers of the convergence of the gut microbiome on multiple scales among and within seven neighbouring groups of wild Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi) - a folivorous primate of Madagascar. RESULTS Over four field seasons, we collected 519 faecal samples of 41 animals and determined gut communities via 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon analyses. First, we examined whether group members share more similar gut microbiota and if diet, home range overlap, or habitat similarity drive between-group variation in gut communities, accounting for seasonality. Next, we examined within-group variation in gut microbiota by examining the potential effects of social contact rates, male rank, and maternal relatedness. To explore the host intrinsic effects on the gut community structure, we investigated age, sex, faecal glucocorticoid metabolites, and female reproductive state. We found that group members share more similar gut microbiota and differ in alpha diversity, while none of the environmental predictors explained the patterns of between-group variation. Maternal relatedness played an important role in within-group microbial homogeneity and may also explain why adult group members shared the least similar gut microbiota. Also, dominant males differed in their bacterial composition from their group mates, which might be driven by rank-related differences in physiology and scent-marking behaviours. Links to sex, female reproductive state, or faecal glucocorticoid metabolites were not detected. CONCLUSIONS Environmental factors define the general set-up of population-specific gut microbiota, but intrinsic and social factors have a stronger impact on gut microbiome variation in this primate species. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Rudolph
- Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Leibniz Science Campus "Primate Cognition", Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Fichtel
- Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Science Campus "Primate Cognition", Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Heistermann
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter M Kappeler
- Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Science Campus "Primate Cognition", Göttingen, Germany
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Zapata I, Lilly ML, Herron ME, Serpell JA, Alvarez CE. Genetic testing of dogs predicts problem behaviors in clinical and nonclinical samples. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:102. [PMID: 35130840 PMCID: PMC8819838 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very little is known about the etiology of personality and psychiatric disorders. Because the core neurobiology of many such traits is evolutionarily conserved, dogs present a powerful model. We previously reported genome scans of breed averages of ten traits related to fear, anxiety, aggression and social behavior in multiple cohorts of pedigree dogs. As a second phase of that discovery, here we tested the ability of markers at 13 of those loci to predict canine behavior in a community sample of 397 pedigree and mixed-breed dogs with individual-level genotype and phenotype data. RESULTS We found support for all markers and loci. By including 122 dogs with veterinary behavioral diagnoses in our cohort, we were able to identify eight loci associated with those diagnoses. Logistic regression models showed subsets of those loci could predict behavioral diagnoses. We corroborated our previous findings that small body size is associated with many problem behaviors and large body size is associated with increased trainability. Children in the home were associated with anxiety traits; illness and other animals in the home with coprophagia; working-dog status with increased energy and separation-related problems; and competitive dogs with increased aggression directed at familiar dogs, but reduced fear directed at humans and unfamiliar dogs. Compared to other dogs, Pit Bull-type dogs were not defined by a set of our markers and were not more aggressive; but they were strongly associated with pulling on the leash. Using severity-threshold models, Pit Bull-type dogs showed reduced risk of owner-directed aggression (75th quantile) and increased risk of dog-directed fear (95th quantile). CONCLUSIONS Our association analysis in a community sample of pedigree and mixed-breed dogs supports the interbreed mapping. The modeling shows some markers are predictive of behavioral diagnoses. Our findings have broad utility, including for clinical and breeding purposes, but we caution that thorough understanding is necessary for their interpretation and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isain Zapata
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, 80134, USA.
| | - M Leanne Lilly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Meghan E Herron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - James A Serpell
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Carlos E Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Nemirovsky A, Ilan K, Lerner L, Cohen-Lavi L, Schwartz D, Goren G, Sergienko R, Greenberg D, Slonim-Nevo V, Sarid O, Friger M, Regev S, Odes S, Hertz T, Monsonego A. Brain-immune axis regulation is responsive to cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness intervention: Observations from a randomized controlled trial in patients with Crohn's disease. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 19:100407. [PMID: 35024638 PMCID: PMC8728050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease associated with psychological stress that is regulated primarily by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Here, we determined whether the psychological characteristics of CD patients associate with their inflammatory state, and whether a 3-month trial of cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based stress reduction (COBMINDEX) impacts their inflammatory process. Methods Circulating inflammatory markers and a wide range of psychological parameters related to stress and well-being were measured in CD patients before and after COBMINDEX. Inflammatory markers in CD patients were also compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Results CD patients exhibited increased peripheral low-grade inflammation compared with HCs, demonstrated by interconnected inflammatory modules represented by IL-6, TNFα, IL-17, MCP-1 and IL-18. Notably, higher IL-18 levels correlated with higher score of stress and a lower score of wellbeing in CD patients. COBMINDEX was accompanied by changes in inflammatory markers that coincided with changes in cortisol: changes in serum levels of cortisol correlated positively with those of IL-10 and IFNα and negatively with those of MCP-1. Furthermore, inflammatory markers of CD patients at baseline predicted COBMINDEX efficacy, as higher levels of distinct cytokines and cortisol at baseline, correlated negatively with changes in disease activity (by Harvey-Bradshaw Index) and psychological distress (global severity index measure) following COBMINDEX. Conclusion CD patients have a characteristic immunological profile that correlates with psychological stress, and disease severity. We suggest that COBMINDEX induces stress resilience in CD patients, which impacts their well-being, and their disease-associated inflammatory process. Patients with Crohn's disease exhibit distinct inflammatory and psychological modules. IL-18 correlates with clinical and psychological features of patients with Crohn's disease. COBMINDEX treatment strengthens resilience and recovers stress-induced inflammation among Crohn's disease patients. Both inflammatory and psychological measures predict COBMINDEX efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nemirovsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel.,The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Zlotowski Neuroscience Center, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Karny Ilan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Livnat Lerner
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Liel Cohen-Lavi
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Zlotowski Neuroscience Center, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.,Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Doron Schwartz
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Ganit Goren
- Spitzer Department of Social Work Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Ruslan Sergienko
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Dan Greenberg
- Department of Health Systems Management, School of Public Health, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Vered Slonim-Nevo
- Spitzer Department of Social Work Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Orly Sarid
- Spitzer Department of Social Work Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Michael Friger
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Shirley Regev
- Spitzer Department of Social Work Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Shmuel Odes
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Tomer Hertz
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel.,The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Zlotowski Neuroscience Center, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alon Monsonego
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel.,The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Zlotowski Neuroscience Center, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
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Holt-Lunstad J. Social Connection as a Public Health Issue: The Evidence and a Systemic Framework for Prioritizing the "Social" in Social Determinants of Health. Annu Rev Public Health 2022; 43:193-213. [PMID: 35021021 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052020-110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in and renewed support for prioritizing social factors in public health both in the USA and globally. While there are multiple widely recognized social determinants of health, indicators of social connectedness (e.g., social capital, social support, social isolation, loneliness) are often noticeably absent from the discourse. This article provides an organizing framework for conceptualizing social connection and summarizes the cumulative evidence supporting its relevance for health, including epidemiological associations, pathways, and biological mechanisms. This evidence points to several implications for prioritizing social connection within solutions across sectors, where public health work, initiatives, and research play a key role in addressing gaps. Therefore, this review proposes a systemic framework for cross-sector action to identify missed opportunities and guide future investigation, intervention, practice, and policy on promoting social connection and health for all. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 43 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Mhatre SD, Iyer J, Puukila S, Paul AM, Tahimic CGT, Rubinstein L, Lowe M, Alwood JS, Sowa MB, Bhattacharya S, Globus RK, Ronca AE. Neuro-consequences of the spaceflight environment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:908-935. [PMID: 34767877 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As human space exploration advances to establish a permanent presence beyond the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with NASA's Artemis mission, researchers are striving to understand and address the health challenges of living and working in the spaceflight environment. Exposure to ionizing radiation, microgravity, isolation and other spaceflight hazards pose significant risks to astronauts. Determining neurobiological and neurobehavioral responses, understanding physiological responses under Central Nervous System (CNS) control, and identifying putative mechanisms to inform countermeasure development are critically important to ensuring brain and behavioral health of crew on long duration missions. Here we provide a detailed and comprehensive review of the effects of spaceflight and of ground-based spaceflight analogs, including simulated weightlessness, social isolation, and ionizing radiation on humans and animals. Further, we discuss dietary and non-dietary countermeasures including artificial gravity and antioxidants, among others. Significant future work is needed to ensure that neural, sensorimotor, cognitive and other physiological functions are maintained during extended deep space missions to avoid potentially catastrophic health and safety outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhita D Mhatre
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; KBR, Houston, TX, 77002, USA; COSMIAC Research Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Janani Iyer
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Stephanie Puukila
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA; Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amber M Paul
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Candice G T Tahimic
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; KBR, Houston, TX, 77002, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Linda Rubinstein
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Moniece Lowe
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98154, USA
| | - Joshua S Alwood
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Marianne B Sowa
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Sharmila Bhattacharya
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - April E Ronca
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Wake Forest Medical School, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota: An Effective Method to Improve Immunity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196076. [PMID: 34641619 PMCID: PMC8512487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are beneficial active microorganisms that colonize the human intestines and change the composition of the flora in particular parts of the host. Recently, the use of probiotics to regulate intestinal flora to improve host immunity has received widespread attention. Recent evidence has shown that probiotics play significant roles in gut microbiota composition, which can inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, help the host build a healthy intestinal mucosa protective layer, and enhance the host immune system. Based on the close relationship between the gut microbiota and human immunity, it has become an extremely effective way to improve human immunity by regulating the gut microbiome with probiotics. In this review, we discussed the influence of probiotics on the gut microbiota and human immunity, and the relationship between immunity, probiotics, gut microbiota, and life quality. We further emphasized the regulation of gut microflora through probiotics, thereby enhancing human immunity and improving people’s lives.
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Amato KR, Mallott EK, D’Almeida Maia P, Savo Sardaro ML. Predigestion as an Evolutionary Impetus for Human Use of Fermented Food. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1086/715238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Murray N, Al Khalaf S, Kaulmann D, Lonergan E, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Khashan A, O’Connor K. Compositional and functional alterations in the oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia: A systematic review. HRB Open Res 2021; 4:108. [PMID: 34870091 PMCID: PMC8634050 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13416.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gut and oral microbiota are intrinsically linked to human health. Recent studies suggest a direct link with mental health through bidirectional gut-brain pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition and/or function of intestinal microbiome differs in those with psychosis and schizophrenia as compared with controls. There is relatively little research on the predicted or actual functional alterations associated with the composition of oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis. We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify, evaluate and if possible, combine the published literature on compositional alterations in the oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. We also aim to explore the potential functional impact of any compositional changes. Methods: Original studies involving humans and animals using a case-control, cohort or cross-sectional design will be included. The electronic databases PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane will be systematically searched. Quantitative analyses will be performed using random-effects meta-analyses to calculate mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. Discussion: Changes in microbiota composition in psychosis and schizophrenia have been correlated with alternations in brain structure and function, altered immunity, altered metabolic pathways and symptom severity. Changes have also been identified as potential biomarkers for psychosis that might aid in diagnosis. Understanding how predicted or actual functional alterations in microbial genes or metabolic pathways influence symptomatic expression and downstream clinical outcomes may contribute to the development of microbiome targeted interventions for psychosis. Registration: The study is prospectively registered in PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021260208).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Sukainah Al Khalaf
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - David Kaulmann
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Edgar Lonergan
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland T12XF62, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Ali Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Karen O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
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42
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Foster JA, Baker GB, Dursun SM. The Relationship Between the Gut Microbiome-Immune System-Brain Axis and Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurol 2021; 12:721126. [PMID: 34650506 PMCID: PMC8508781 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.721126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prominent cause of disability worldwide. Current antidepressant drugs produce full remission in only about one-third of MDD patients and there are no biomarkers to guide physicians in selecting the best treatment for individuals. There is an urgency to learn more about the etiology of MDD and to identify new targets that will lead to improved therapy and hopefully aid in predicting and preventing MDD. There has been extensive interest in the roles of the immune system and the gut microbiome in MDD and in how these systems interact. Gut microbes can contribute to the nature of immune responses, and a chronic inflammatory state may lead to increased responsiveness to stress and to development of MDD. The gut microbiome-immune system-brain axis is bidirectional, is sensitive to stress and is important in development of stress-related disorders such as MDD. Communication between the gut and brain involves the enteric nervous system (ENS), the autonomic nervous system (ANS), neuroendocrine signaling systems and the immune system, and all of these can interact with the gut microbiota. Preclinical studies and preliminary clinical investigations have reported improved mood with administration of probiotics and prebiotics, but large, carefully controlled clinical trials are now necessary to evaluate their effectiveness in treating MDD. The roles that several gut microbe-derived molecules such as neurotransmitters, short chain fatty acids and tryptophan play in MDD are reviewed briefly. Challenges and potential future directions associated with studying this important axis as it relates to MDD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A. Foster
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Glen B. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Serdar M. Dursun
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Gut Hormones as Potential Therapeutic Targets or Biomarkers of Response in Depression: The Case of Motilin. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090892. [PMID: 34575041 PMCID: PMC8465535 DOI: 10.3390/life11090892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has identified the gut–brain axis as a key mechanistic pathway and potential therapeutic target in depression. In this paper, the potential role of gut hormones as potential treatments or predictors of response in depression is examined, with specific reference to the peptide hormone motilin. This possibility is explored through two methods: (1) a conceptual review of the possible links between motilin and depression, including evidence from animal and human research as well as clinical trials, based on a literature search of three scientific databases, and (2) an analysis of the relationship between a functional polymorphism (rs2281820) of the motilin (MLN) gene and cross-national variations in the prevalence of depression based on allele frequency data after correction for potential confounders. It was observed that (1) there are several plausible mechanisms, including interactions with diet, monoamine, and neuroendocrine pathways, to suggest that motilin may be relevant to the pathophysiology and treatment of depression, and (2) there was a significant correlation between rs2281820 allele frequencies and the prevalence of depression after correcting for multiple confounding factors. These results suggest that further evaluation of the utility of motilin and related gut peptides as markers of antidepressant response is required and that these molecular pathways represent potential future mechanisms for antidepressant drug development.
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44
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Maternal effects in mammals: Broadening our understanding of offspring programming. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 62:100924. [PMID: 33992652 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The perinatal period is a sensitive time in mammalian development that can have long-lasting consequences on offspring phenotype via maternal effects. Maternal effects have been most intensively studied with respect to two major conditions: maternal diet and maternal stress. In this review, we shift the focus by discussing five major additional maternal cues and their influence on offspring phenotype: maternal androgen levels, photoperiod (melatonin), microbiome, immune regulation, and milk composition. We present the key findings for each of these topics in mammals, their mechanisms of action, and how they interact with each other and with the maternal influences of diet and stress. We explore their impacts in the contexts of both predictive adaptive responses and the developmental origins of disease, identify knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the field, and place a particular emphasis on the application and consideration of these effects in non-model species and natural ecological systems.
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45
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Shevlyakov A, Nikogosov D, Stewart LA, Toribio-Mateas M. Reference values for intake of six types of soluble and insoluble fibre in healthy UK inhabitants based on the UK Biobank data. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-15. [PMID: 34105446 PMCID: PMC9993053 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain a set of reference values for the intake of different types of dietary fibre in a healthy UK population. DESIGN This descriptive cross-sectional study used the UK Biobank data to estimate the dietary patterns of healthy individuals. Data on fibre content in different foods were used to calculate the reference values which were then calibrated using real-world data on total fibre intake. SETTING UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of over 500 000 individuals from across the United Kingdom with the participants aged between 40 and 69 years. PARTICIPANTS UK Biobank contains information on over 500 000 participants. This study was performed using the data on 19 990 individuals (6941 men, 13 049 women) who passed stringent quality control and filtering procedures and had reported above-zero intake of the analysed foods. RESULTS A set of reference values for the intake of six different types of soluble and insoluble fibres (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectin and lignin), including the corresponding totals, was developed and calibrated using real-world data. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to establish specific reference values for the intake of different types of dietary fibre. It is well known that effects exerted by different types of fibre both directly and through modulation of microbiota are numerous. Conceivably, a deficit or excess intake of specific types of dietary fibre may detrimentally affect human health. Filling this knowledge gap opens new avenues for research in discussion in studies of nutrition and microbiota and offers valuable tools for practitioners worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Shevlyakov
- Atlas Biomed Group Limited, Tower Bridge House, St. Katharines Way, LondonE1W 1DD, UK
| | - Dimitri Nikogosov
- Atlas Biomed Group Limited, Tower Bridge House, St. Katharines Way, LondonE1W 1DD, UK
| | - Leigh-Ann Stewart
- Atlas Biomed Group Limited, Tower Bridge House, St. Katharines Way, LondonE1W 1DD, UK
- School of Health and Education, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, UK
| | - Miguel Toribio-Mateas
- Atlas Biomed Group Limited, Tower Bridge House, St. Katharines Way, LondonE1W 1DD, UK
- School of Health and Education, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, UK
- London, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
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46
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Mallott EK, Amato KR. Host specificity of the gut microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:639-653. [PMID: 34045709 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing general principles of host-microorganism interactions necessitates a robust understanding of the eco-evolutionary processes that structure microbiota. Phylosymbiosis, or patterns of microbiome composition that can be predicted by host phylogeny, is a unique framework for interrogating these processes. Identifying the contexts in which phylosymbiosis does and does not occur facilitates an evaluation of the relative importance of different ecological processes in shaping the microbial community. In this Review, we summarize the prevalence of phylosymbiosis across the animal kingdom on the basis of the current literature and explore the microbial community assembly processes and related host traits that contribute to phylosymbiosis. We find that phylosymbiosis is less prevalent in taxonomically richer microbiomes and hypothesize that this pattern is a result of increased stochasticity in the assembly of complex microbial communities. We also note that despite hosting rich microbiomes, mammals commonly exhibit phylosymbiosis. We hypothesize that this pattern is a result of a unique combination of mammalian traits, including viviparous birth, lactation and the co-evolution of haemochorial placentas and the eutherian immune system, which compound to ensure deterministic microbial community assembly. Examining both the individual and the combined importance of these traits in driving phylosymbiosis provides a new framework for research in this area moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Mallott
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine R Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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47
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Cusick JA, Wellman CL, Demas GE. The call of the wild: using non-model systems to investigate microbiome-behaviour relationships. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb224485. [PMID: 33988717 PMCID: PMC8180253 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.224485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
On and within most sites across an animal's body live complex communities of microorganisms. These microorganisms perform a variety of important functions for their hosts, including communicating with the brain, immune system and endocrine axes to mediate physiological processes and affect individual behaviour. Microbiome research has primarily focused on the functions of the microbiome within the gastrointestinal tract (gut microbiome) using biomedically relevant laboratory species (i.e. model organisms). These studies have identified important connections between the gut microbiome and host immune, neuroendocrine and nervous systems, as well as how these connections, in turn, influence host behaviour and health. Recently, the field has expanded beyond traditional model systems as it has become apparent that the microbiome can drive differences in behaviour and diet, play a fundamental role in host fitness and influence community-scale dynamics in wild populations. In this Review, we highlight the value of conducting hypothesis-driven research in non-model organisms and the benefits of a comparative approach that assesses patterns across different species or taxa. Using social behaviour as an intellectual framework, we review the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and host behaviour, and identify understudied mechanisms by which these effects may be mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Cusick
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Biology Building 142, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Animal Behavior Program, Indiana University, 409 N. Park Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Cara L. Wellman
- Animal Behavior Program, Indiana University, 409 N. Park Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Psychology Building, 1101 E 10th Street Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
| | - Gregory E. Demas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Biology Building 142, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Animal Behavior Program, Indiana University, 409 N. Park Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Psychology Building, 1101 E 10th Street Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
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48
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Ortega VA, Mercer EM, Giesbrecht GF, Arrieta MC. Evolutionary Significance of the Neuroendocrine Stress Axis on Vertebrate Immunity and the Influence of the Microbiome on Early-Life Stress Regulation and Health Outcomes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634539. [PMID: 33897639 PMCID: PMC8058197 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is broadly defined as the non-specific biological response to changes in homeostatic demands and is mediated by the evolutionarily conserved neuroendocrine networks of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Activation of these networks results in transient release of glucocorticoids (cortisol) and catecholamines (epinephrine) into circulation, as well as activation of sympathetic fibers innervating end organs. These interventions thus regulate numerous physiological processes, including energy metabolism, cardiovascular physiology, and immunity, thereby adapting to cope with the perceived stressors. The developmental trajectory of the stress-axis is influenced by a number of factors, including the gut microbiome, which is the community of microbes that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract immediately following birth. The gut microbiome communicates with the brain through the production of metabolites and microbially derived signals, which are essential to human stress response network development. Ecological perturbations to the gut microbiome during early life may result in the alteration of signals implicated in developmental programming during this critical window, predisposing individuals to numerous diseases later in life. The vulnerability of stress response networks to maladaptive development has been exemplified through animal models determining a causal role for gut microbial ecosystems in HPA axis activity, stress reactivity, and brain development. In this review, we explore the evolutionary significance of the stress-axis system for health maintenance and review recent findings that connect early-life microbiome disturbances to alterations in the development of stress response networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van A Ortega
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Emily M Mercer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Owerko Centre, The Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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49
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Glover ME, Cohen JL, Singer JR, Sabbagh MN, Rainville JR, Hyland MT, Morrow CD, Weaver CT, Hodes GE, Kerman IA, Clinton SM. Examining the Role of Microbiota in Emotional Behavior: Antibiotic Treatment Exacerbates Anxiety in High Anxiety-Prone Male Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 459:179-197. [PMID: 33540050 PMCID: PMC7965353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota are essential for healthy gastrointestinal function and also broadly influence brain function and behavior, in part, through changes in immune function. Gastrointestinal disorders are highly comorbid with psychiatric disorders, although biological mechanisms linking these disorders are poorly understood. The present study utilized rats bred for distinct emotional behavior phenotypes to examine relationships between emotionality, the microbiome, and immune markers. Prior work showed that Low Novelty Responder (LR) rats exhibit high levels of anxiety- and depression-related behaviors as well as myriad neurobiological differences compared to High Novelty Responders (HRs). Here, we hypothesized that the divergent HR/LR phenotypes are accompanied by changes in fecal microbiome composition. We used next-generation sequencing to assess the HR/LR microbiomes and then treated adult HR/LR males with an antibiotic cocktail to test whether it altered behavior. Given known connections between the microbiome and immune system, we also analyzed circulating cytokines and metabolic factors to determine relationships between peripheral immune markers, gut microbiome components, and behavioral measures. There were no baseline HR/LR microbiome differences, and antibiotic treatment disrupted the microbiome in both HR and LR rats. Antibiotic treatment exacerbated aspects of HR/LR behavior, increasing LRs' already high levels of anxiety-like behavior while reducing passive stress coping in both strains. Our results highlight the importance of an individual's phenotype to their response to antibiotics, contributing to the understanding of the complex interplay between gut microbes, immune function, and an individual's emotional phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Glover
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - J L Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J R Singer
- MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M N Sabbagh
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - J R Rainville
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M T Hyland
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - C D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G E Hodes
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ilan A Kerman
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Behavioral Health Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S M Clinton
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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50
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Agranyoni O, Meninger-Mordechay S, Uzan A, Ziv O, Salmon-Divon M, Rodin D, Raz O, Koman I, Koren O, Pinhasov A, Navon-Venezia S. Gut microbiota determines the social behavior of mice and induces metabolic and inflammatory changes in their adipose tissue. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:28. [PMID: 33741982 PMCID: PMC7979825 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between the gut microbiota and social behavior has been demonstrated, however the translational impact of a certain microbiota composition on stable behavioral patterns is yet to be elucidated. Here we employed an established social behavior mouse model of dominance (Dom) or submissiveness (Sub). A comprehensive 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of Dom and Sub mice revealed a significantly different gut microbiota composition that clearly distinguishes between the two behavioral modes. Sub mice gut microbiota is significantly less diverse than that of Dom mice, and their taxa composition uniquely comprised the genera Mycoplasma and Anaeroplasma of the Tenericutes phylum, in addition to the Rikenellaceae and Clostridiaceae families. Conversely, the gut microbiota of Dom mice includes the genus Prevotella of the Bacteriodetes phylum, significantly less abundant in Sub mice. In addition, Sub mice show lower body weight from the age of 2 weeks and throughout their life span, accompanied with lower epididymis white adipose tissue (eWAT) mass and smaller adipocytes together with substantially elevated expression of inflammation and metabolic-related eWAT adipokines. Finally, fecal microbiota transplantation into germ-free mice show that Sub-transplanted mice acquired Sub microbiota and adopted their behavioral and physiological features, including depressive-like and anti-social behaviors alongside reduced eWAT mass, smaller adipocytes, and a Sub-like eWAT adipokine profile. Our findings demonstrate the critical role of the gut microbiome in determining dominance vs. submissiveness and suggest an association between gut microbiota, the eWAT metabolic and inflammatory profile, and the social behavior mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oryan Agranyoni
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Atara Uzan
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Oren Ziv
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- The Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Dmitry Rodin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Olga Raz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Igor Koman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Albert Pinhasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
- The Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Shiri Navon-Venezia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
- The Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
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