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Zaripova LN, Midgley A, Christmas SE, Beresford MW, Pain C, Baildam EM, Oldershaw RA. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16040. [PMID: 38003230 PMCID: PMC10671211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulate immune responses and maintain self-tolerance. Their trophic activities and regenerative properties make them potential immunosuppressants for treating autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. MSCs are drawn to sites of injury and inflammation where they can both reduce inflammation and contribute to tissue regeneration. An increased understanding of the role of MSCs in the development and progression of autoimmune disorders has revealed that MSCs are passive targets in the inflammatory process, becoming impaired by it and exhibiting loss of immunomodulatory activity. MSCs have been considered as potential novel cell therapies for severe autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, which at present have only disease modifying rather than curative treatment options. MSCs are emerging as potential therapies for severe autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Clinical application of MSCs in rare cases of severe disease in which other existing treatment modalities have failed, have demonstrated potential use in treating multiple diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myocardial infarction, liver cirrhosis, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and COVID-19 pneumonia. This review explores the biological mechanisms behind the role of MSCs in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. It also covers their immunomodulatory capabilities, potential therapeutic applications, and the challenges and risks associated with MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina N. Zaripova
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, National Scientific Medical Center, 42 Abylai Khan Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Angela Midgley
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK; (A.M.); (M.W.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Stephen E. Christmas
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, The Ronald Ross Building, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK;
| | - Michael W. Beresford
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK; (A.M.); (M.W.B.); (C.P.)
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, East Prescott Road, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK
| | - Clare Pain
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK; (A.M.); (M.W.B.); (C.P.)
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, East Prescott Road, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK
| | - Eileen M. Baildam
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, The Alexandra Hospital, Mill Lane, Cheadle SK8 2PX, UK;
| | - Rachel A. Oldershaw
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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Gamer J, Van Booven DJ, Zarnowski O, Arango S, Elias M, Kurian A, Joseph A, Perez M, Collado F, Klimas N, Oltra E, Nathanson L. Sex-Dependent Transcriptional Changes in Response to Stress in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Pilot Project. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10255. [PMID: 37373402 PMCID: PMC10299261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, multi-symptom illness characterized by debilitating fatigue and post-exertional malaise (PEM). Numerous studies have reported sex differences at the epidemiological, cellular, and molecular levels between male and female ME/CFS patients. To gain further insight into these sex-dependent changes, we evaluated differential gene expression by RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) in 33 ME/CFS patients (20 female, 13 male) and 34 matched healthy controls (20 female and 14 male) before, during, and after an exercise challenge intended to provoke PEM. Our findings revealed that pathways related to immune-cell signaling (including IL-12) and natural killer cell cytotoxicity were activated as a result of exertion in the male ME/CFS cohort, while female ME/CFS patients did not show significant enough changes in gene expression to meet the criteria for the differential expression. Functional analysis during recovery from an exercise challenge showed that male ME/CFS patients had distinct changes in the regulation of specific cytokine signals (including IL-1β). Meanwhile, female ME/CFS patients had significant alterations in gene networks related to cell stress, response to herpes viruses, and NF-κβ signaling. The functional pathways and differentially expressed genes highlighted in this pilot project provide insight into the sex-specific pathophysiology of ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Gamer
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.G.); (N.K.)
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (O.Z.); (S.A.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Derek J. Van Booven
- Dr. J.P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Oskar Zarnowski
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (O.Z.); (S.A.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Sebastian Arango
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (O.Z.); (S.A.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Mark Elias
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (O.Z.); (S.A.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Asha Kurian
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (O.Z.); (S.A.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrew Joseph
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (O.Z.); (S.A.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Melanie Perez
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (O.Z.); (S.A.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Fanny Collado
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Miami, FL 33125, USA;
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education Inc., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33125, USA
| | - Nancy Klimas
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.G.); (N.K.)
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (O.Z.); (S.A.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (M.P.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Miami, FL 33125, USA;
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education Inc., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33125, USA
| | - Elisa Oltra
- School Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Lubov Nathanson
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.G.); (N.K.)
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (O.Z.); (S.A.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (M.P.)
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Anisimov A, Fang S, Hemanthakumar KA, Örd T, van Avondt K, Chevre R, Toropainen A, Singha P, Gilani H, Nguyen SD, Karaman S, Korhonen EA, Adams RH, Augustin HG, Öörni K, Soehnlein O, Kaikkonen MU, Alitalo K. The angiopoietin receptor Tie2 is atheroprotective in arterial endothelium. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:307-321. [PMID: 37476204 PMCID: PMC7614785 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes and resident cells in the arterial wall contribute to atherosclerosis, especially at sites of disturbed blood flow. Expression of endothelial Tie1 receptor tyrosine kinase is enhanced at these sites, and attenuation of its expression reduces atherosclerotic burden and decreases inflammation. However, Tie2 tyrosine kinase function in atherosclerosis is unknown. Here we provide genetic evidence from humans and from an atherosclerotic mouse model to show that TIE2 is associated with protection from coronary artery disease. We show that deletion of Tie2, or both Tie2 and Tie1, in the arterial endothelium promotes atherosclerosis by increasing Foxo1 nuclear localization, endothelial adhesion molecule expression and accumulation of immune cells. We also show that Tie2 is expressed in a subset of aortic fibroblasts, and its silencing in these cells increases expression of inflammation-related genes. Our findings indicate that unlike Tie1, the Tie2 receptor functions as the dominant endothelial angiopoietin receptor that protects from atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Anisimov
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shentong Fang
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiit Örd
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristof van Avondt
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Raphael Chevre
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anu Toropainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Prosanta Singha
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Huda Gilani
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Su D. Nguyen
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sinem Karaman
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilia A. Korhonen
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralf H. Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hellmut G. Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katariina Öörni
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Minna U. Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Cytokines/chemokines and soluble immune checkpoint molecules in anti-GABA B receptor encephalitis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 68:104234. [PMID: 36270252 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-gamma-aminobutyric-acid B receptor (anti-GABABR) encephalitis is a rare form of autoimmune limbic encephalitis (ALE) that is closely associated with tumor comorbidity. The purpose of this study is to identify the expressive pattern of cytokines/ chemokines and soluble immune checkpoint molecules (sICMs) in anti-GABABR encephalitis in order to evaluate the clinical condition and provide new treatment options. METHODS A total of 40 cytokines/chemokines and 10 sICMs in the serum of 10 patients with anti-GABABR encephalitis and eight controls were measured. The differentially expressed cytokines/chemokines and sICMs were selected to explore the correlations with disease prognosis, CSF routine and antibody titers. RESULTS Eight cytokines/chemokines were found to be more abundant in patients than in healthy donors (HDs), while 14 were found to be less abundant in patients. In terms of sICMs, patients' serum contained higher level of soluble ICOS and ICOSL but lower level of soluble CD86. Unfavorable prognosis was associated with high serum level of PDGFB, IL-17A, and soluble ICOSL but not with low levels of IL-4. Increased levels of IL-17A, CCL15, and soluble ICOS were found frequently in the patients with CSF-exclusive OCBs, while soluble ICOSL and CCL24 expression was lower in these patients. High levels of IL-1 F2 and TCA-3 were correlated with the presence of tumors in patients. CONCLUSION The majority of patients with anti- GABABR encephalitis had an unfavorable prognosis in one year of follow-up. Serum PDGFB, IL-17A, IL-4 and soluble ICOSL level were associated with the poor clinical outcomes in one-year follow up.
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Tillie RJHA, Theelen TL, van Kuijk K, Temmerman L, de Bruijn J, Gijbels M, Betsholtz C, Biessen EAL, Sluimer JC. A Switch from Cell-Associated to Soluble PDGF-B Protects against Atherosclerosis, despite Driving Extramedullary Hematopoiesis. Cells 2021; 10:1746. [PMID: 34359916 PMCID: PMC8308020 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) is a mitogenic, migratory and survival factor. Cell-associated PDGF-B recruits stabilizing pericytes towards blood vessels through retention in extracellular matrix. We hypothesized that the genetic ablation of cell-associated PDGF-B by retention motif deletion would reduce the local availability of PDGF-B, resulting in microvascular pericyte loss, microvascular permeability and exacerbated atherosclerosis. Therefore, Ldlr-/-Pdgfbret/ret mice were fed a high cholesterol diet. Although plaque size was increased in the aortic root of Pdgfbret/ret mice, microvessel density and intraplaque hemorrhage were unexpectedly unaffected. Plaque macrophage content was reduced, which is likely attributable to increased apoptosis, as judged by increased TUNEL+ cells in Pdgfbret/ret plaques (2.1-fold) and increased Pdgfbret/ret macrophage apoptosis upon 7-ketocholesterol or oxidized LDL incubation in vitro. Moreover, Pdgfbret/ret plaque collagen content increased independent of mesenchymal cell density. The decreased macrophage matrix metalloproteinase activity could partly explain Pdgfbret/ret collagen content. In addition to the beneficial vascular effects, we observed reduced body weight gain related to smaller fat deposition in Pdgfbret/ret liver and adipose tissue. While dampening plaque inflammation, Pdgfbret/ret paradoxically induced systemic leukocytosis. The increased incorporation of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine indicated increased extramedullary hematopoiesis and the increased proliferation of circulating leukocytes. We concluded that Pdgfbret/ret confers vascular and metabolic effects, which appeared to be protective against diet-induced cardiovascular burden. These effects were unrelated to arterial mesenchymal cell content or adventitial microvessel density and leakage. In contrast, the deletion drives splenic hematopoiesis and subsequent leukocytosis in hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée J. H. A. Tillie
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Thomas L. Theelen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Kim van Kuijk
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Lieve Temmerman
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Jenny de Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (CVS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Chen Y, Nilsson AH, Goncalves I, Edsfeldt A, Engström G, Melander O, Orho-Melander M, Rauch U, Tengryd C, Venuraju SM, Lahiri A, Liang C, Nilsson J. Evidence for a protective role of placental growth factor in cardiovascular disease. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/572/eabc8587. [PMID: 33268513 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc8587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a mitogen for endothelial cells, but it can also act as a proinflammatory cytokine. Because it promotes early stages of plaque formation in experimental models of atherosclerosis and was implicated in epidemiological associations with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), PlGF has been attributed a pro-atherogenic role. Here, we investigated whether PlGF has a protective role in CVD and whether elevated PlGF reflects activation of repair processes in response to vascular stress. In a population cohort of 4742 individuals with 20 years of follow-up, high baseline plasma PlGF was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, but these associations were lost or weakened when adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors known to cause vascular stress. Exposure of cultured endothelial cells to high glucose, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or an inducer of apoptosis enhanced the release of PlGF. Smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells treated with PlGF small interference RNA demonstrated that autocrine PlGF stimulation plays an important role in vascular repair responses. High expression of PlGF in human carotid plaques removed at surgery was associated with a more stable plaque phenotype and a lower risk of future cardiovascular events. When adjusting associations of PlGF with cardiovascular risk in the population cohort for plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor-2, a biomarker of cellular stress, a high PlGF/TRAIL receptor-2 ratio was associated with a lower risk. Our findings provide evidence for a protective role of PlGF in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Chen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200003 Shanghai, China
| | | | - Isabel Goncalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Edsfeldt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Sweden-Klinikgatan 32, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Uwe Rauch
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200003 Shanghai, China
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden. .,Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
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7
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Davoodvandi A, Sahebnasagh R, Mardanshah O, Asemi Z, Nejati M, Shahrzad MK, Mirzaei HR, Mirzaei H. Medicinal Plants As Natural Polarizers of Macrophages: Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Effects. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3225-3238. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190829154934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the crucial mediators of the immune response in different physiological and
pathological conditions. These cells have critical functions in the inflammation mechanisms that are involved in
the inhibition or progression of a wide range of diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, etc. It has been
shown that macrophages are generally divided into two subtypes, M1 and M2, which are distinguished on the
basis of their different gene expression patterns and phenotype. M1 macrophages are known as pro-inflammatory
cells and are involved in inflammatory mechanisms, whereas M2 macrophages are known as anti-inflammatory
cells that are involved in the inhibition of the inflammatory pathways. M2 macrophages help in tissue healing via
producing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Increasing evidence indicated that the appearance of different macrophage
subtypes is associated with the fate of diseases (progression versus suppression). Hence, polarization of
macrophages can be introduced as an important venue in finding, designing and developing novel therapeutic
approaches. Albeit, there are different pharmacological agents that are used for the treatment of various disorders,
it has been shown that several natural compounds have the potential to regulate M1 to M2 macrophage polarization
and vice versa. Herein, for the first time, we summarized new insights into the pharmacological effects of
natural compounds on macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Roxana Sahebnasagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Mardanshah
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad K. Shahrzad
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Shohadae Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid R. Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Higashi Y, Gautam S, Delafontaine P, Sukhanov S. IGF-1 and cardiovascular disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 45:6-16. [PMID: 30735831 PMCID: PMC6504961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory arterial pathogenic condition, which leads to ischemic cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disorder and its pathophysiology is highly complex. Changes in expression of multiple genes coupled with environmental and lifestyle factors initiate cascades of adverse events involving multiple types of cells (e.g. vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages). IGF-1 is a pleiotropic factor, which is found in the circulation (endocrine IGF-1) and is also produced locally in arteries (endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells). IGF-1 exerts a variety of effects on these cell types in the context of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In fact, there is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that IGF-1 has beneficial effects on the biology of atherosclerosis. This review will discuss recent findings relating to clinical investigations on the relation between IGF-1 and cardiovascular disease and basic research using animal models of atherosclerosis that have elucidated some of the mechanisms underlying atheroprotective effects of IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Higashi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States.
| | - Sandeep Gautam
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Patrick Delafontaine
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Sergiy Sukhanov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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9
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Klimanova EA, Sidorenko SV, Smolyaninova LV, Kapilevich LV, Gusakova SV, Lopina OD, Orlov SN. Ubiquitous and cell type-specific transcriptomic changes triggered by dissipation of monovalent cation gradients in rodent cells: Physiological and pathophysiological implications. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2019; 83:107-149. [PMID: 31196602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevation of [Na+]i/[K+]i-ratio is considered as one of the major signals triggering transcriptomic changes in various cells types. In this study, we identified ubiquitous and cell type-specific [Formula: see text] -sensitive genes by comparative analysis of transcriptomic changes in ouabain-treated rat aorta smooth muscle cells and rat aorta endothelial cells (RASMC and RAEC, respectively), rat cerebellar granule cells (RCGC), and mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Exposure of the cells to ouabain increased intracellular Na+ content by ~14, 8, 7, and 6-fold and resulted in appearance of 7577, 2698, 2120, and 1146 differentially expressed transcripts in RAEC, RASMC, C2C12, and RCGC, respectively. Eighty-three genes were found as the intersection of the four sets of identified transcripts corresponding to each cell type and are classified as ubiquitous. Among the 10 top upregulated ubiquitous transcripts are the following: Dusp6, Plk3, Trib1, Ccl7, Mafk, Atf3, Ptgs2, Cxcl1, Spry4, and Coq10b. Unique transcripts whose expression is cell-specific include 4897, 1523, 789, and 494 transcripts for RAEC, RASMC, C2C12, and RCGC, respectively. The role of gene expression and signal pathways induced by dissipation of transmembrane gradient of monovalent cations in the development of various diseases is discussed with special attention to cardiovascular and pulmonary illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A Klimanova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Svetlana V Sidorenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa V Smolyaninova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Olga D Lopina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei N Orlov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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10
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Dworacka M, Iskakova S, Wesołowska A, Zharmakhanova G, Stelmaszyk A, Frycz BA, Jagodziński PP, Dworacki G. Simvastatin attenuates the aberrant expression of angiogenic factors induced by glucose variability. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 143:245-253. [PMID: 30056191 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Over the last few years, studies have indicated that fluctuant hyperglycemia is very likely to increase the risk of cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Statins are widely used in diabetes for the prevention of cardiovascular complications, but it is still not clear whether simvastatin could also prevent glycaemic variability - induced aberrant angiogenesis which plays a significant role in the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) simvastatin-treated (20 mg/kg for 8 consecutive weeks) type 2 diabetes rat model with daily glucose excursions, (2) placebo-treated type 2 diabetes rat model with daily glucose excursions, (3) placebo-treated stable well-controlled type 2 diabetes rat model and (4) placebo-treated non-diabetic rats. Daily glucose fluctuations and several angiogenic factors: cVEGF, mRNA VEGF, VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, TGF-beta expression, circulating endothelial and progenitor endothelial cells were measured in all groups. RESULTS Simvastatin decreased several factors enhanced by glucose excursions: circulating VEGF, mRNA TGF-beta expression in the myocardium and mRNA VEGFR-2 expression in the aorta. Simvastatin increased some factors attenuated by glucose fluctuations: mRNA VEGF expression and mRNA VEGFR-1 expression in the myocardium and in the aorta. In the simvastatin-treated group with glycaemic variability, the percentage of circulating endothelial cells was lower and the percentage of progenitor endothelial cells in peripheral blood was higher than in the placebo-treated rats with glucose-fluctuations. CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin used in the rat model of type 2 diabetes with glucose variability reduces glucose variability and limits glucose fluctuations-induced changes in the expression of angiogenic factors in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Dworacka
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5d, 60-805 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Saule Iskakova
- Department of Pharmacology West, Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Mareshev Str. 68, Aktobe 030019, Kazakhstan.
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5d, 60-805 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Gulmira Zharmakhanova
- Department of Pharmacology West, Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Mareshev Str. 68, Aktobe 030019, Kazakhstan.
| | - Agnieszka Stelmaszyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5d, 60-805 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Bartosz A Frycz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł P Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Dworacki
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5d, 60-805 Poznań, Poland.
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11
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Mei HE, Hahne S, Redlin A, Hoyer BF, Wu K, Baganz L, Lisney AR, Alexander T, Rudolph B, Dörner T. Plasmablasts With a Mucosal Phenotype Contribute to Plasmacytosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik E. Mei
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahne
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Redlin
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Bimba F. Hoyer
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Kaiyin Wu
- Charité University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Lisa Baganz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Anna R. Lisney
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | | | - Thomas Dörner
- Charité University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin; Berlin Germany
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12
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El-Agamy DS. Nilotinib attenuates endothelial dysfunction and liver damage in high-cholesterol-fed rabbits. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 36:1131-1145. [PMID: 27941169 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116681649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nilotinib is an oral potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has diverse biological activities. However, its effects on hypercholesterolemia and associated disorders have not been studied yet. The present study explored the effect of nilotinib on atherosclerosis progression, endothelial dysfunction, and hyperlipidemia-associated hepatic injury in high-cholesterol (HC)-fed rabbits. Rabbits were classified into four groups: control, nilotinib, HC, and HC + nilotinib groups. Rabbits were fed either a regular diet or an HC-enriched diet for 8 weeks. By the end of the eighth week, blood and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, and in vitro analyses. Results indicated that the HC diet induced a significant elevation in the serum lipid parameters (triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), lactate dehydrogenase, and nitric oxide content. Endothelial dysfunction was evident through the impairment of acetylcholine-induced relaxation of isolated aortas and the histopathological lesions of the aortic specimen. Moreover, HC significantly increased serum malondialdehyde. Liver damage was clear through increase in serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, and it was further supported by histopathological examination. HC increased the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-B in both aorta and liver tissues. Interestingly, nilotinib administration retarded atherosclerosis progression and attenuated all of the aforementioned parameters. These data suggest that nilotinib may counteract atherosclerosis development, vascular dysfunction, and hepatic damage in HC-fed rabbits through interfering with PDGF-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S El-Agamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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13
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) includes a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodeling of the lung circulation. Although PAH is a disease of the lungs, patients with PAH frequently die of right heart failure. Indeed, survival of patients with PAH depends on the adaptive response of the right ventricle (RV) to the changes in the lung circulation. PAH-specific drugs affect the function of the RV through afterload reduction and perhaps also through direct effects on the myocardium. Prostacyclins, type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and guanylyl cyclase stimulators may directly enhance myocardial contractility through increased cyclic adenosine and guanosine monophosphate availability. Although this may initially improve cardiac performance, the long-term effects on myocardial oxygen consumption and function are unclear. Cardiac effects of endothelin receptor antagonists may be opposite, as endothelin-1 is known to suppress cardiac contractility. Because PAH is increasingly considered as a disease with quasimalignant growth of cells in the pulmonary vascular wall, therapies are being developed that inhibit hypertrophy and angiogenesis, and promote apoptosis. The inherent danger of these therapies is a further compromise to the already ischemic, fibrotic, and dysfunctional RV. More recently, the right heart has been identified as a direct treatment target in PAH. The effects of well established therapies for left heart failure, such as β-adrenergic receptor blockers, inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, exercise training, and assist devices, are currently being investigated in PAH. Future treatment of patients with PAH will likely consist of a multifaceted approaches aiming to reduce the pressure in the lung circulation and improving right heart adaptation simultaneously.
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14
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Recio C, Oguiza A, Mallavia B, Lazaro I, Ortiz-Muñoz G, Lopez-Franco O, Egido J, Gomez-Guerrero C. Gene delivery of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) inhibits inflammation and atherosclerosis development in mice. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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15
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Chen CF, Feng X, Liao HY, Jin WJ, Zhang J, Wang Y, Gong LL, Liu JJ, Yuan XH, Zhao BB, Zhang D, Chen GF, Wan Y, Guo J, Yan HP, He YW. Regulation of T cell proliferation by JMJD6 and PDGF-BB during chronic hepatitis B infection. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6359. [PMID: 25219359 PMCID: PMC4163673 DOI: 10.1038/srep06359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell functional exhaustion during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may contribute to the failed viral clearance; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that jumonji domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) is a potential regulator of T cell proliferation during chronic HBV infection. The expression of JMJD6 was reduced in T lymphocytes in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, and this reduction in JMJD6 expression was associated with impaired T cell proliferation. Moreover, silencing JMJD6 expression in primary human T cells impaired T cell proliferation. We found that JMJD6 promotes T cell proliferation by suppressing the mRNA expression of CDKN3. Furthermore, we have identified platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) as a regulator of JMJD6 expression. PDGF-BB downregulates JMJD6 expression and inhibits the proliferation of human primary T cells. Importantly, the expression levels of JMJD6 and PDGF-BB in lymphocytes from CHB patients were correlated with the degree of liver damage and the outcome of chronic HBV infection treatment. Our results demonstrate that PDGF-BB and JMJD6 regulate T cell function during chronic HBV infection and may provide insights for the treatment strategies for CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Feng Chen
- 1] MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China [2]
| | - Xia Feng
- 1] Center for Infection and Immunity, YouAn Hospital, The Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing, China [2]
| | - Hui-Yu Liao
- 1] Center for Infection and Immunity, YouAn Hospital, The Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing, China [2]
| | - Wen-Jing Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Liver Fibrosis, 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Lu-Lu Gong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jun Liu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yuan
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Bin Zhao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Zhang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Feng Chen
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Liver Fibrosis, 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Biomedical Analysis Center, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Hui-Ping Yan
- Center for Infection and Immunity, YouAn Hospital, The Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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16
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Wilson HM. SOCS Proteins in Macrophage Polarization and Function. Front Immunol 2014; 5:357. [PMID: 25120543 PMCID: PMC4112788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Wilson
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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17
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Rowlan JS, Li Q, Manichaikul A, Wang Q, Matsumoto AH, Shi W. Atherosclerosis susceptibility Loci identified in an extremely atherosclerosis-resistant mouse strain. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000260. [PMID: 23938286 PMCID: PMC3828785 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice are extremely resistant to atherosclerosis, especially males. To understand the underlying genetic basis, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on a male F2 (the second generation from an intercross between 2 inbred strains) cohort derived from an intercross between C3H and C57BL/6 (B6) apolipoprotein E–deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. Methods and Results Two hundred forty‐six male F2 mice were started on a Western diet at 8 weeks of age and kept on the diet for 5 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root and fasting plasma lipid levels were measured. One hundred thirty‐four microsatellite markers across the entire genome were genotyped. Four significant QTLs on chromosomes (Chr) 2, 4, 9, and 15 and 4 suggestive loci on Chr1, Chr4, and Chr7 were identified for atherosclerotic lesions. Unexpectedly, the C3H allele was associated with increased lesion formation for 2 of the 4 significant QTLs. Six loci for high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), 6 for non‐HDL cholesterol, and 3 for triglycerides were also identified. The QTL for atherosclerosis on Chr9 replicated Ath29, originally mapped in a female F2 cohort derived from B6 and C3H Apoe−/− mice. This locus coincided with a QTL for HDL, and there was a moderate, but statistically significant, correlation between atherosclerotic lesion sizes and plasma HDL cholesterol levels in F2 mice. Conclusions These data indicate that most atherosclerosis susceptibility loci are distinct from those for plasma lipids except for the Chr9 locus, which exerts effect through interactions with HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Rowlan
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (J.S.R., Q.L., Q.W., A.H.M., W.S.)
| | - Qiongzhen Li
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (J.S.R., Q.L., Q.W., A.H.M., W.S.)
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.M.)
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (J.S.R., Q.L., Q.W., A.H.M., W.S.)
| | - Alan H. Matsumoto
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (J.S.R., Q.L., Q.W., A.H.M., W.S.)
| | - Weibin Shi
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (J.S.R., Q.L., Q.W., A.H.M., W.S.)
- Department Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (W.S.)
- Correspondence to: Weibin Shi, University of Virginia, Box 801339, Snyder 266, 480 Ray C Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22908. E‐mail:
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18
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Liang X, He M, Chen T, Liu Y, Tian YL, Wu YL, Zhao Y, Shen Y, Yuan ZY. Multiple roles of SOCS proteins: differential expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:1066-74. [PMID: 23545584 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a key pathogenic role in atherosclerosis, which are induced by the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transduction (JAK/STAT) pathway. Furthermore, the JAK/STAT pathway is negatively regulated by the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. However, the change in SOCS expression levels and the correlation between SOCS expression and cholesterol levels in atherosclerosis is not yet well understood. To this end, a mouse model of atherosclerosis was established using apolipoprotein-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice. The mice were fed either a chow or high-fat diet. The mRNA and protein expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in plaque and vessels were determined at different time points. Furthermore, SOCS1 and SOCS3 mRNA expression was detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 18 male subjects with no coronary heart disease (non-CHD) population. The expression of SOCS1 in the ApoE(-/-) mice first increased and then decreased and the high-fat diet accelerated the appearance of the peak; the expression of SOCS3 increased with the increased feeding duration, and this trend was more pronounced in the mice fed the high-fat diet. SOCS1/CD68 and SOCS3/CD68 showed opposite trends in expression with the increased duration of the high-fat diet. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in the main aorta of the ApoE(-/-) mice fed the high-fat diet also increased with the increased feeding duration. In the non-CHD population, the total serum cholesterol levels positively correlated with SOCS3 mRNA expression in the PBMCs (r=0.433, P=0.012). These results demonstrate the differential expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in atherosclerosis and suggest that SOCS3, together with IL-6 may promote the formation and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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19
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Differentiated miRNA expression and validation of signaling pathways in apoE gene knockout mice by cross-verification microarray platform. Exp Mol Med 2013; 45:e13. [PMID: 23470715 PMCID: PMC3641397 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2013.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNA (miRNA) regulation mechanisms associated with atherosclerosis are largely undocumented. Specific selection and efficient validation of miRNA regulation pathways involved in atherosclerosis development may be better assessed by contemporary microarray platforms applying cross-verification methodology. A screening platform was established using both miRNA and genomic microarrays. Microarray analysis was then simultaneously performed on pooled atherosclerotic aortic tissues from 10 Apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout mice (apoE−/−) and 10 healthy C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Differentiated miRNAs were screened and cross-verified against an mRNA screen database to explore integrative mRNA–miRNA regulation. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to describe the potential pathways regulated by these mRNA–miRNA interactions. High-throughput data analysis of miRNA and genomic microarrays of knockout and healthy control mice revealed 75 differentially expressed miRNAs in apoE−/− mice at a threshold value of 2. The six miRNAs with the greatest differentiation expression were confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT–PCR) in atherosclerotic tissues. Significantly enriched pathways, such as the type 2 diabetes mellitus pathway, were observed by a gene-set enrichment analysis. The enriched molecular pathways were confirmed through qRT–PCR evaluation by observing the presence of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and SOCS3-related miRNAs, miR-30a, miR-30e and miR-19b. Cross-verified high-throughput microarrays are optimally accurate and effective screening methods for miRNA regulation profiles associated with atherosclerosis. The identified SOCS3 pathway is a potentially valuable target for future development of targeted miRNA therapies to control atherosclerosis development and progression.
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20
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Higashi Y, Sukhanov S, Anwar A, Shai SY, Delafontaine P. Aging, atherosclerosis, and IGF-1. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:626-39. [PMID: 22491965 PMCID: PMC3348497 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine growth factor that circulates at high levels in the plasma and is expressed in most cell types. IGF-1 has major effects on development, cell growth and differentiation, and tissue repair. Recent evidence indicates that IGF-1 reduces atherosclerosis burden and improves features of atherosclerotic plaque stability in animal models. Potential mechanisms for this atheroprotective effect include IGF-1-induced reduction in oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, proinflammatory signaling, and endothelial dysfunction. Aging is associated with increased vascular oxidative stress and vascular disease, suggesting that IGF-1 may exert salutary effects on vascular aging processes. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive update on IGF-1's ability to modulate vascular oxidative stress and to limit atherogenesis and the vascular complications of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Higashi
- Tulane University Heart & Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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21
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Whyte CS, Bishop ET, Rückerl D, Gaspar-Pereira S, Barker RN, Allen JE, Rees AJ, Wilson HM. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 is a key determinant of differential macrophage activation and function. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 90:845-54. [PMID: 21628332 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages become activated by their environment and develop polarized functions: classically activated (M1) macrophages eliminate pathogens but can cause tissue injury, whereas alternatively activated (M2) macrophages promote healing and repair. Mechanisms directing polarized activation, especially in vivo, are not understood completely, and here, we examined the role of SOCS proteins. M2 macrophages activated in vitro or elicited by implanting mice i.p. with the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi display a selective and IL-4-dependent up-regulation of SOCS1 but not SOCS3. Using siRNA-targeted knockdown in BMDM, we reveal that the enhanced SOCS1 is crucial for IL-4-induced M2 characteristics, including a high arginase I:iNOS activity ratio, suppression of T cell proliferation, attenuated responses to IFN-γ/LPS, and curtailed SOCS3 expression. Importantly, SOCS1 was essential in sustaining the enhanced PI3K activity that drives M2 activation, defining a new regulatory mechanism by which SOCS1 controls M2 polarization. By contrast, for M1 macrophages, SOCS1 was not only an important regulator of proinflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-12, MHC class II, NO), but critically, for M1, we show that SOCS1 also restricted IL-10 secretion and arginase I activity, which otherwise would limit the efficiency of M1 macrophage proinflammatory responses. Together, our results uncover SOCS1, not only as a feedback inhibitor of inflammation but also as a critical molecular switch that tunes key signaling pathways to effectively program different sides of the macrophage balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S Whyte
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Cecchettini A, Rocchiccioli S, Boccardi C, Citti L. Vascular smooth-muscle-cell activation: proteomics point of view. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 288:43-99. [PMID: 21482410 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386041-5.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth-muscle cells (VSMCs) are the main component of the artery medial layer. Thanks to their great plasticity, when stimulated by external inputs, VSMCs react by changing morphology and functions and activating new signaling pathways while switching others off. In this way, they are able to increase the cell proliferation, migration, and synthetic capacity significantly in response to vascular injury assuming a more dedifferentiated state. In different states of differentiation, VSMCs are characterized by various repertories of activated pathways and differentially expressed proteins. In this context, great interest is addressed to proteomics technology, in particular to differential proteomics. In recent years, many authors have investigated proteomics in order to identify the molecular factors putatively involved in VSMC phenotypic modulation, focusing on metabolic networks linking the differentially expressed proteins. Some of the identified proteins may be markers of pathology and become useful tools of diagnosis. These proteins could also represent appropriately validated targets and be useful either for prevention, if related to early events of atherosclerosis, or for treatment, if specific of the acute, mid, and late phases of the pathology. RNA-dependent gene silencing, obtained against the putative targets with high selective and specific molecular tools, might be able to reverse a pathological drift and be suitable candidates for innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Shai SY, Sukhanov S, Higashi Y, Vaughn C, Kelly J, Delafontaine P. Smooth muscle cell-specific insulin-like growth factor-1 overexpression in Apoe-/- mice does not alter atherosclerotic plaque burden but increases features of plaque stability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1916-24. [PMID: 20671230 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.210831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growth factors may play a permissive role in atherosclerosis initiation and progression, in part via their promotion of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) accumulation in plaques. However, unstable human plaques often have a relative paucity of VSMC, which has been suggested to contribute to plaque rupture and erosion and to clinical events. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine growth factor that is a mitogen for VSMC, but when infused into Apoe(-/-) mice it paradoxically reduces atherosclerosis burden. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine the effect of stimulation of VSMC growth on atherosclerotic plaque development and to understand mechanisms of IGF-1's atheroprotective effect, we assessed atherosclerotic plaques in mice overexpressing IGF-1 in smooth muscle cells (SMC) under the control of the α-smooth muscle actin promoter, after backcrossing to the Apoe(-/-) background (SMP8/Apoe(-/-)). Compared with Apoe(-/-) mice, these SMP8/Apoe(-/-) mice developed a comparable plaque burden after 12 weeks on a Western diet, suggesting that the ability of increased circulating IGF-1 to reduce plaque burden was mediated in large part via non-SMC target cells. However, advanced plaques in SMP8/Apoe(-/-) mice displayed several features of plaque stability, including increased fibrous cap area, α-smooth muscle actin-positive SMC and collagen content, and reduced necrotic cores. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that stimulation of VSMC IGF-1 signaling does not alter total atherosclerotic plaque burden and may improve atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaw-Yung Shai
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La 70112, USA
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24
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Keene CD, Chang RC, Lopez-Yglesias AH, Shalloway BR, Sokal I, Li X, Reed PJ, Keene LM, Montine KS, Breyer RM, Rockhill JK, Montine TJ. Suppressed accumulation of cerebral amyloid {beta} peptides in aged transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice by transplantation with wild-type or prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype 2-null bone marrow. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:346-54. [PMID: 20522650 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A complex therapeutic challenge for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is minimizing deleterious aspects of microglial activation while maximizing beneficial actions, including phagocytosis/clearance of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides. One potential target is selective suppression of microglial prostaglandin E(2) receptor subtype 2 (EP2) function, which influences microglial phagocytosis and elaboration of neurotoxic cytokines. To test this hypothesis, we transplanted bone marrow cells derived from wild-type mice or mice homozygous deficient for EP2 (EP2(-/-)) into lethally irradiated 5-month-old wild-type or APPswe-PS1DeltaE9 double transgenic AD mouse model recipients. We found that cerebral engraftment by bone marrow transplant (BMT)-derived wild-type or EP2(-/-) microglia was more efficient in APPswe-PS1DeltaE9 than in wild-type mice, and APPswe-PS1DeltaE9 mice that received EP2(-/-) BMT had increased cortical microglia compared with APPswe-PS1DeltaE9 mice that received wild-type BMT. We found that myeloablative irradiation followed by bone marrow transplant-derived microglia engraftment, rather than cranial irradiation or BMT alone, was responsible for the approximate one-third reduction in both Abeta plaques and potentially more neurotoxic soluble Abeta species. An additional 25% reduction in cerebral cortical Abeta burden was achieved in mice that received EP2(-/-) BMT compared with mice that received wild-type BMT. Our results provide a foundation for an adult stem cell-based therapy to suppress soluble Abeta peptide and plaque accumulation in the cerebrum of patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dirk Keene
- Harborview Medical Center, Box 359645, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
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25
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Higashi Y, Sukhanov S, Anwar A, Shai SY, Delafontaine P. IGF-1, oxidative stress and atheroprotection. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:245-54. [PMID: 20071192 PMCID: PMC2848911 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which early endothelial dysfunction and subintimal modified lipoprotein deposition progress to complex, advanced lesions that are predisposed to erosion, rupture and thrombosis. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role not only in initial lesion formation but also in lesion progression and destabilization. Although most growth factors are thought to promote vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, thereby increasing neointima, recent animal studies indicate that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 exerts both pleiotropic anti-oxidant effects and anti-inflammatory effects, which together reduce atherosclerotic burden. This review discusses the effects of IGF-1 in models of vascular injury and atherosclerosis, emphasizing the relationship between oxidative stress and potential atheroprotective actions of IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Higashi
- Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL 48, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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26
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Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Irie K, Kasuyama K, Umakoshi M, Azuma T, Tamaki N, Sanbe T, Endo Y, Yamamoto T, Nishida T, Morita M. Effects of periodontitis on aortic insulin resistance in an obese rat model. J Transl Med 2010; 90:348-59. [PMID: 20065945 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2009.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of obesity and its associated risk factors, such as insulin resistance and inflammation, results in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the effects of periodontitis on atherosclerosis in an obese body remain unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ligature-induced periodontitis in Zucker fatty rats on initiation of atherosclerosis by evaluating aortic insulin resistance. Zucker fatty rats (n=24) were divided into two groups. In the periodontitis group, periodontitis was ligature-induced for 4 weeks, whereas the control group was left unligated. After the 4-week experimental period, descending aorta was used for measuring the levels of lipid deposits, immunohistochemical analysis, and evaluation of gene expression. Levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and insulin were also measured. Rats in the periodontitis group had significantly enhanced lipid deposits in the aorta, but not in the control group. Expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, reactive oxygen species, nitrotyrosine, and endothelin-1 in the periodontitis group was more intense than that in the control group. Significantly decreased levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pi3k) catalytic beta-polypeptide (Pi3kcb), Pi3kp85, and insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 were observed in the periodontitis group. Levels of serum CRP and TNF-alpha were significantly increased in the periodontitis group. Under insulin-stimulated conditions, aorta in the periodontitis group altered the Akt phosphorylation. Periodontitis in obesity induced the initial stage of atherosclerosis and disturbed aortic insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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27
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Taleb S, Romain M, Ramkhelawon B, Uyttenhove C, Pasterkamp G, Herbin O, Esposito B, Perez N, Yasukawa H, Van Snick J, Yoshimura A, Tedgui A, Mallat Z. Loss of SOCS3 expression in T cells reveals a regulatory role for interleukin-17 in atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:2067-77. [PMID: 19737863 PMCID: PMC2757872 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20090545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory vascular disease responsible for the first cause of mortality worldwide. Recent studies have clearly highlighted the critical role of the immunoinflammatory balance in the modulation of disease development and progression. However, the immunoregulatory pathways that control atherosclerosis remain largely unknown. We show that loss of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 in T cells increases both interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-10 production, induces an antiinflammatory macrophage phenotype, and leads to unexpected IL-17–dependent reduction in lesion development and vascular inflammation. In vivo administration of IL-17 reduces endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule–1 expression and vascular T cell infiltration, and significantly limits atherosclerotic lesion development. In contrast, overexpression of SOCS3 in T cells reduces IL-17 and accelerates atherosclerosis. We also show that in human lesions, increased levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 phosphorylation and IL-17 are associated with a stable plaque phenotype. These results identify novel SOCS3-controlled IL-17 regulatory pathways in atherosclerosis and may have important implications for the understanding of the increased susceptibility to vascular inflammation in patients with dominant-negative STAT3 mutations and defective Th17 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Taleb
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 970 and Université Paris Descartes, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, 75015 Paris, France
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28
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Ortiz-Muñoz G, Martin-Ventura JL, Hernandez-Vargas P, Mallavia B, Lopez-Parra V, Lopez-Franco O, Muñoz-Garcia B, Fernandez-Vizarra P, Ortega L, Egido J, Gomez-Guerrero C. Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling Modulate JAK/STAT-Mediated Cell Responses During Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:525-31. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.173781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Ortiz-Muñoz
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Martin-Ventura
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificacion Hernandez-Vargas
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beñat Mallavia
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Lopez-Parra
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Lopez-Franco
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Muñoz-Garcia
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Fernandez-Vizarra
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ortega
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Egido
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gomez-Guerrero
- From Renal and Vascular Inflammation (G.O.-M., P.H.-V., B.M., V.L.-P., P.F.-V., C.G.-G.) and the Vascular Research Laboratory (J.L.M.-V., B.M.-G., J.E.), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University; and the Biochemistry Department (O.L.-F.) and Hospital Clinico San Carlos (L.O.), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Wågsäter D, Zhu C, Björck HM, Eriksson P. Effects of PDGF-C and PDGF-D on monocyte migration and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Atherosclerosis 2009; 202:415-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Rastmanesh MM, Braam B, Joles JA, Boer P, Bluyssen HA. Increased SOCS expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of end stage renal disease patients is related to inflammation and dialysis modality. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 602:163-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) have served as prototypes for growth factor and receptor tyrosine kinase function for more than 25 years. Studies of PDGFs and PDGFRs in animal development have revealed roles for PDGFR-alpha signaling in gastrulation and in the development of the cranial and cardiac neural crest, gonads, lung, intestine, skin, CNS, and skeleton. Similarly, roles for PDGFR-beta signaling have been established in blood vessel formation and early hematopoiesis. PDGF signaling is implicated in a range of diseases. Autocrine activation of PDGF signaling pathways is involved in certain gliomas, sarcomas, and leukemias. Paracrine PDGF signaling is commonly observed in epithelial cancers, where it triggers stromal recruitment and may be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, thereby affecting tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. PDGFs drive pathological mesenchymal responses in vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, pulmonary hypertension, and retinal diseases, as well as in fibrotic diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, scleroderma, glomerulosclerosis, and cardiac fibrosis. We review basic aspects of the PDGF ligands and receptors, their developmental and pathological functions, principles of their pharmacological inhibition, and results using PDGF pathway-inhibitory or stimulatory drugs in preclinical and clinical contexts.
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32
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Rastmanesh MM, Bluyssen HAR, Joles JA, Boer P, Willekes N, Braam B. Increased expression of SOCS3 in monocytes and SOCS1 in lymphocytes correlates with progressive loss of renal function and cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 593:99-104. [PMID: 18656467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, an independent cardiovascular disease risk factor is common in patients with chronic kidney disease. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are induced by cytokines in a variety of cells and modulate inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that in chronic kidney disease, SOCS expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is increased, and related to inflammation and renal function. We also tested correlations between SOCS expression and biomarkers and risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Whether monocytes and lymphocytes differentially respond to interleukin-6 (IL-6) was tested ex vivo. Monocytes and lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of chronic kidney disease patients (n=9) and controls (n=11). In three other healthy subjects, whole blood was incubated with IL-6 before cell isolation. SOCS expression was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. Plasma cytokines were measured as well as pulse wave velocity. SOCS3 expression was increased in monocytes and SOCS1 in lymphocytes along with increased plasma levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) in chronic kidney disease patients. While monocyte SOCS3 correlated with glomerular filtration rate, urea and diastolic blood pressure, lymphocyte SOCS1 correlated with TNFalpha, pulse wave velocity and systolic blood pressure. IL-6 stimulation of whole blood caused expression of different SOCS genes in monocytes and lymphocytes. Increased expression of SOCS3 in monocytes versus SOCS1 in lymphocytes coincided with elevated plasma levels of IL-6 and TNFalpha, suggesting that these cell types process the uremic milieu differently. This could reflect cell-specific responses to inflammation, as supported by our ex vivo study. Moreover, increased SOCS expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlated with decreased renal function. Since chronic kidney disease predisposes to cardiovascular disease, we speculate that increased SOCS expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells could be a new marker of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mehdi Rastmanesh
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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33
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Merched AJ, Ko K, Gotlinger KH, Serhan CN, Chan L. Atherosclerosis: evidence for impairment of resolution of vascular inflammation governed by specific lipid mediators. FASEB J 2008; 22:3595-606. [PMID: 18559988 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-112201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is now recognized as an inflammatory disease involving the vascular wall. Recent results indicate that acute inflammation does not simply passively resolve as previously assumed but is actively terminated by a homeostatic process that is governed by specific lipid-derived mediators initiated by lipoxygenases. Experiments with animals and humans support a proinflammatory role for the 5-lipoxygenase system. In contrast, results from animal experiments show a range of responses with the 12/15-lipoxygenase pathways in atherosclerosis. To date, the only two clinical epidemiology human studies both support an antiatherogenic role for 12/15-lipoxygenase downstream actions. We tested the hypothesis that atherosclerosis results from a failure in the resolution of local inflammation by analyzing apolipoprotein E-deficient mice with 1) global leukocyte 12/15-lipoxygenase deficiency, 2) normal enzyme expression, or 3) macrophage-specific 12/15-lipoxygenase overexpression. Results from these indicate that 12/15-lipoxygenase expression protects mice against atherosclerosis via its role in the local biosynthesis of lipid mediators, including lipoxin A(4), resolvin D1, and protectin D1. These mediators exert potent agonist actions on macrophages and vascular endothelial cells that can control the magnitude of the local inflammatory response. Taken together, these findings suggest that a failure of local endogenous resolution mechanisms may underlie the unremitting inflammation that fuels atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksam J Merched
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine and St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Hsieh PCH, MacGillivray C, Gannon J, Cruz FU, Lee RT. Local Controlled Intramyocardial Delivery of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Improves Postinfarction Ventricular Function Without Pulmonary Toxicity. Circulation 2006; 114:637-44. [PMID: 16894033 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.639831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Local delivery methods can target therapies to specific tissues and potentially avoid toxicity to other organs. Platelet-derived growth factor can protect the myocardium, but it also plays an important role in promoting pulmonary hypertension. It is not known whether local myocardial delivery of platelet-derived growth factor during myocardial infarction (MI) can lead to sustained cardiac benefit without causing pulmonary hypertension.
Methods and Results—
We performed a randomized and blinded experiment of 127 rats that survived experimental MI or sham surgery. We delivered platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB with self-assembling peptide nanofibers (NFs) to provide controlled release within the myocardium. There were 6 groups with n≥20 in each group: sham, sham+NF, sham+NF/PDGF, MI, MI+NF, and MI+NF/PDGF. Serial echocardiography from 1 day to 3 months showed significant improvement of ventricular fractional shortening, end-systolic dimension, and end-diastolic dimension with local PDGF delivery (
P
<0.05 for MI+NF/PDGF versus MI or MI+NF). Catheterization at 4 months revealed improved ventricular function in the controlled delivery group (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac index, +dP/dt, −dP/dt, and time constant of exponential decay all
P
<0.05 for MI+NF/P versus MI or MI+NF). Infarcted myocardial volume was reduced by NF/PDGF therapy (34.0±13.3% in MI, 28.9±12.9% in MI+NF, and 12.0±5.8% in MI+NF/PDGF;
P
<0.001). There was no evidence of pulmonary toxicity from the therapy, with no differences in right ventricular end-systolic pressure, right ventricular dP/dt, bromodeoxyuridine staining, or pulmonary artery medial wall thickness.
Conclusions—
Intramyocardial delivery of PDGF by self-assembling peptide NFs leads to long-term improvement in cardiac performance after experimental infarction without apparent pulmonary toxicity. Local myocardial protection may allow prevention of heart failure without systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C H Hsieh
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass., USA
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35
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Isobe M, Kosuge H, Suzuki JI. T Cell Costimulation in the Development of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:1447-56. [PMID: 16627812 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000222906.78307.7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a form of coronary arterial stenosis and a leading cause of death in patients who survive beyond the first year after heart transplantation. Histopathologically, this lesion is concentric diffuse intimal hyperplasia of the arterial wall that is accompanied by extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells, including T cells. Many studies have explored the potential risk factors related to this arterial lesion and its pathogenesis. Continuous minor endothelial cell damage evokes inflammatory processes including T cell activation. Costimulatory molecules play crucial roles in this T cell activation. Many costimulatory pathways have been described, and some are involved in the pathogenesis of CAV, atherogenesis, and subsequent plaque formation. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge of the role of these pathways in CAV development and the possibility of manipulating these pathways as a means to treat heart allograft vascular disease and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Isobe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
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Tang J, Raines EW. Are suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins recently identified in atherosclerosis possible therapeutic targets? Trends Cardiovasc Med 2006; 15:243-9. [PMID: 16226678 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a slowly progressing chronic inflammatory disease characterized by focal arterial lesions that can ultimately occlude the entire blood vessel and lead to sudden death. Lesions associated with cardiovascular events are those enriched in macrophages and other inflammatory cells. Activation of inflammatory cells within lesions induces the release of cytokines which promotes more inflammation and associated tissue damage if cytokine signaling pathways remain unregulated. Thus, pathways capable of suppressing proinflammatory cytokine signaling hold the potential to limit life-threatening cardiovascular events caused by atherogenesis. This review focuses on suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins recently identified in the atherosclerosis-prone ApoE(-/-) mouse and provides perspectives of their potential for intervention in atherosclerotic lesion progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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