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Kumar VS, Sarkar DJ, Das BK, Samanta S, Tripathi G, Das Sarkar S, Talukder A. Bioaccumulation of arsenic in fish (Labeo rohita) in presence of periphyton: ameliorative effect on oxidative stress, physiological condition, immune response and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34381-34395. [PMID: 38703316 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The present study explores the use of periphyton to ameliorate toxic properties of arsenic (As) to Labeo rohita and also assesses the human food safety aspects. Fish were introduced to arsenite [As(III)] contaminated water (0.3 and 3 mg/L) along with periphyton. Biochemical, physiological and immunological parameters, including gene expression, were assessed after 30 days of exposure. Periphyton incorporation significantly improved (p < 0.05) the adverse effects of As on respiration, NH3 excretion and brain AChE activity by reducing oxidative stress and As bioaccumulation. The presence of periphyton in As(III) exposed fish (3 mg/L) increased the immune response (Immunoglobulin M and Complement C3) in the serum and the regulation of the respective immune genes in the anterior kidney was found to be similar to the control. A speciation study using LC-ICP-MS confirmed the high accumulation of As by periphyton (5.0-31.9 μg/g) as arsenate [As (V)], resulting in a lower amount of As in fish muscle. The calculated human health risk indices, Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Target Cancer risk (TCR) indicate that fish grown in periphyton-treated water may lower the human health risks associated with As. The study signifies the importance of periphyton-based aquaculture systems in As contaminated regions for safe fish production with enhanced yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India.
| | - Srikanta Samanta
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Gayatri Tripathi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Soma Das Sarkar
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Anjon Talukder
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
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Mahboub HH, Gad WM, Aziz EK, Nasr MA, Fahmy EM, Mansour DM, Rasheed N, Ali HS, Ismail SH, Abdel Rahman AN. Silica nanoparticles alleviate the immunosuppression, oxidative stress, biochemical, behavioral, and histopathological alterations induced by Aeromonas veronii infection in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:767-783. [PMID: 38060081 PMCID: PMC11021351 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
In the aquaculture industry, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have great significance, mainly for confronting diseases. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the antibacterial efficiency of SiNPs as a versatile trial against Aeromonas veronii infection in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Further, we investigated the influence of SiNPs in palliating the immune-antioxidant stress biochemical, ethological, and histopathological alterations induced by A. veronii. The experiment was conducted for 10 days, and about 120 fish were distributed into four groups at random, with 30 fish each. The first group is a control that was neither exposed to infection nor SiNPs. The second group (SiNPs) was vulnerable to SiNPs at a concentration of 20 mg/L in water. The third group was experimentally infected with A. veronii at a concentration of 1.5 × 107 CFU/mL. The fourth group (A. veronii + SiNPs) was exposed to SiNPs and infected with A. veronii. Results outlined that A. veronii infection induced behavioral alterations and suppression of immune-antioxidant responses that appeared as a clear decline in protein profile indices, complement 3, lysozyme activity, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. The kidney and liver function biomarkers (creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase) and lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde) were substantially increased in the A. veronii group, with marked histopathological changes and immunohistochemical alterations in these tissues. Interestingly, the exposure to SiNPs resulted in a clear improvement in all measured biomarkers and a noticeable regeneration of the histopathological changes. Overall, it will establish that SiNPs are a new, successful tool for opposing immunological, antioxidant, physiological, and histopathological alterations induced by A. veronii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Box 44511, Sharkia, Zagazig, PO, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa M Gad
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) (Mansoura Branch), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Box 246 Dokki, Giza, PO, 12618, Egypt
| | - Enas K Aziz
- Department of Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat, Box 32897, Menofia, Sadat City, PO, Egypt
| | - Mona Abdelghany Nasr
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Box 32897, Menofia, Sadat City, PO, Egypt
| | - Esraa M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Box 44511, Sharkia, Zagazig, PO, Egypt
| | - Dina Mohamed Mansour
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC) (Hurghada branch), Box 246 Dokki, Giza, PO, 12618, Egypt
| | - Nesma Rasheed
- Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) (Mansoura Branch), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Box 246 Dokki, Giza, PO, 12618, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Ali
- Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) (Mansoura Branch), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Box 246 Dokki, Giza, PO, 12618, Egypt
| | - Sameh H Ismail
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, Sheikh Zayed City, Box 12588, Giza, PO, Egypt
| | - Afaf N Abdel Rahman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Box 44511, Sharkia, Zagazig, PO, Egypt.
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Rahman ANA, Mahboub HH, Elshopakey GE, Darwish MIM, Gharib HSAR, Shaalan M, Fahmy EM, Abdel-Ghany HM, Ismail SH, Elsheshtawy HM. Pseudomonas putida infection induces immune-antioxidant, hepato-renal, ethological, and histopathological/immunohistochemical disruptions in Oreochromis niloticus: the palliative role of titanium dioxide nanogel. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:127. [PMID: 38561720 PMCID: PMC10983678 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas putida is a pathogenic bacterium that induces great losses in fishes, including Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Currently, the application of nanomaterials in aquaculture practices has gained more success as it endows promising results in therapies compared to traditional protocols. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the current perspective is considered the first report to assess the anti-bacterial efficacy of titanium dioxide nanogel (TDNG) against Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) in Nile tilapia. METHODS The fish (n = 200; average body weight: 47.50±1.32 g) were allocated into four random groups (control, TDNG, P. putida, and TDNG + P. putida), where 0.9 mg/L of TDNG was applied as bath treatment for ten days. RESULTS Outcomes revealed that P. putida infection caused ethological alterations (surfacing, abnormal movement, and aggression) and depression of immune-antioxidant variables (complement 3, lysozyme activity, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione content). Additionally, a substantial elevation in hepatorenal biomarkers (aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and creatinine) with clear histopathological changes and immuno-histochemical alterations (very weak BCL-2 and potent caspase-3 immuno-expressions) were seen. Surprisingly, treating P. putida-infected fish with TDNG improved these variables and obvious restoration of the tissue architectures. CONCLUSION Overall, this report encompasses the key role of TDNG as an anti-bacterial agent for controlling P. putida infection and improving the health status of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf N Abdel Rahman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Gehad E Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, PO Box 35516, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud I M Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, PO Box 44511, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Heba Said Abdel-Rahman Gharib
- Department of Behaviour and Management of Animal, Poultry, and Aquatics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shaalan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt.
- Polymer Institute, Slovak academy of sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Esraa M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Heba M Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Sameh H Ismail
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, PO Box 12588, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassnaa Mahmoud Elsheshtawy
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, PO Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
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Khan MRH, Armstrong Z, Lenertz M, Saenz B, Kale N, Li Q, MacRae A, Yang Z, Quadir M. Metal-Organic Framework Induced Stabilization of Proteins in Polymeric Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38490971 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Developing protein confinement platforms is an attractive research area that not only promotes protein delivery but also can result in artificial environment mimicking of the cellular one, impacting both the controlled release of proteins and the fundamental protein biophysics. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) are attractive platforms to confine proteins due to their superior biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and controllable release under external stimuli. However, loading proteins into PNPs can be challenging due to the potential protein structural perturbation upon contacting the interior of PNPs. In this work, we developed a novel approach to encapsulate proteins in PNPs with the assistance of the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF). Here, ZIF offers an additional protection layer to the target protein by forming the protein@ZIF composite via aqueous-phase cocrystallization. We demonstrated our platform using a model protein, lysozyme, and a widely studied PNP composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-PLGA). A comprehensive study via standard loading and release tests as well as various spectroscopic techniques was carried out on lysozyme loaded onto PEG-PLGA with and without ZIF protection. As compared with the direct protein encapsulation, an additional layer with ZIF prior to loading offered enhanced loading capacity, reduced leaching, especially in the initial stage, led to slower release kinetics, and reduced secondary structural perturbation. Meanwhile, the function, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake of proteins encapsulated within the ZIF-bound systems are decent. Our results demonstrated the use of ZIF in assisting in protein encapsulation in PNPs and established the basis for developing more sophisticated protein encapsulation platforms using a combination of materials of diverse molecular architectures and disciplines. As such, we anticipate that the protein-encapsulated ZIF systems will serve as future polymer protein confinement and delivery platforms for both fundamental biophysics and biochemistry research and biomedical applications where protein delivery is needed to support therapeutics and/or nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rakib Hasan Khan
- Biomedical Engineering Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Zoe Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Mary Lenertz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Briana Saenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas 78228, United States
| | - Narendra Kale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Qiaobin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Austin MacRae
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Biomedical Engineering Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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Sueldo DJ, Godson A, Kaschani F, Krahn D, Kessenbrock T, Buscaill P, Schofield CJ, Kaiser M, van der Hoorn RAL. Activity-based proteomics uncovers suppressed hydrolases and a neo-functionalised antibacterial enzyme at the plant-pathogen interface. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:394-408. [PMID: 36866975 PMCID: PMC10952330 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular space of plant tissues contains hundreds of hydrolases that might harm colonising microbes. Successful pathogens may suppress these hydrolases to enable disease. Here, we report the dynamics of extracellular hydrolases in Nicotiana benthamiana upon infection with Pseudomonas syringae. Using activity-based proteomics with a cocktail of biotinylated probes, we simultaneously monitored 171 active hydrolases, including 109 serine hydrolases (SHs), 49 glycosidases (GHs) and 13 cysteine proteases (CPs). The activity of 82 of these hydrolases (mostly SHs) increases during infection, while the activity of 60 hydrolases (mostly GHs and CPs) is suppressed during infection. Active β-galactosidase-1 (BGAL1) is amongst the suppressed hydrolases, consistent with production of the BGAL1 inhibitor by P. syringae. One of the other suppressed hydrolases, the pathogenesis-related NbPR3, decreases bacterial growth when transiently overexpressed. This is dependent on its active site, revealing a role for NbPR3 activity in antibacterial immunity. Despite being annotated as a chitinase, NbPR3 does not possess chitinase activity and contains an E112Q active site substitution that is essential for antibacterial activity and is present only in Nicotiana species. This study introduces a powerful approach to reveal novel components of extracellular immunity, exemplified by the discovery of the suppression of neo-functionalised Nicotiana-specific antibacterial NbPR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J. Sueldo
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Alice Godson
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- ZMB Chemical Biology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Duisburg‐Essen45117EssenGermany
| | - Daniel Krahn
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
- ZMB Chemical Biology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Duisburg‐Essen45117EssenGermany
| | - Till Kessenbrock
- ZMB Chemical Biology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Duisburg‐Essen45117EssenGermany
| | - Pierre Buscaill
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Markus Kaiser
- ZMB Chemical Biology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Duisburg‐Essen45117EssenGermany
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Rahman ANA, Elkhadrawy BA, Mansour AT, Abdel-Ghany HM, Yassin EMM, Elsayyad A, Alwutayd KM, Ismail SH, Mahboub HH. Alleviating Effect of a Magnetite (Fe 3O 4) Nanogel against Waterborne-Lead-Induced Physiological Disturbances, Histopathological Changes, and Lead Bioaccumulation in African Catfish. Gels 2023; 9:641. [PMID: 37623096 PMCID: PMC10453935 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity is an important issue owing to its harmful influence on fish. Hence, this study is a pioneer attempt to verify the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a magnetite (Fe3O4) nanogel (MNG) in mitigating waterborne lead (Pb) toxicity in African catfish. Fish (n = 160) were assigned into four groups for 45 days. The first (control) and second (MNG) groups were exposed to 0 and 1.2 mg L-1 of MNG in water. The third (Pb) and fourth (MNG + Pb) groups were exposed to 0 and 1.2 mg L-1 of MNG in water and 69.30 mg L-1 of Pb. In vitro, the MNG caused a dramatic drop in the Pb level within 120 h. The Pb-exposed group showed the lowest survival (57.5%) among the groups, with substantial elevations in hepato-renal function and lipid peroxide (MDA). Moreover, Pb exposure caused a remarkable decline in the protein-immune parameters and hepatic antioxidants, along with higher Pb residual deposition in muscles and obvious histopathological changes in the liver and kidney. Interestingly, adding aqueous MNG to Pb-exposed fish relieved these alterations and increased survivability. Thus, MNG is a novel antitoxic agent against Pb toxicity to maintain the health of C. gariepinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf N. Abdel Rahman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Basma Ahmed Elkhadrawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Abdallah Tageldein Mansour
- Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | | | - Asmaa Elsayyad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameh H. Ismail
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, Giza 12588, Egypt;
| | - Heba H. Mahboub
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Mdaini Z, Telahigue K, Hajji T, Rabeh I, Pharand P, El Cafsi M, Tremblay R, Gagné JP. Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in Polychaeta Marphysa sanguinea in the anthropogenically impacted Tunis Lagoon: DNA damage and immune biomarkers. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114104. [PMID: 36126481 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work assessed the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the polychaeta Marphysa sanguinea in Tunis Lagoon. Highest PAHs concentrations were accumulated at station E with maximum Σ PAH of 6028,87 ng/g DW. Changes in animal physiology were clearly related to bioaccumulated PAH. In fact, high levels of immune biomarkers (cyclooxygenase [COX] and lysozyme activity with maximum of 44631,10 FU/mn/mg protein and 0,017 lysozyme activity/mn/mg protein, respectively) were recorded at stations B and E. Triacylglycerol (TAG), the energy source, was lowest at the most polluted stations (E and B), while phospholipids (PL) were highest at the control station. Statistical analysis revealed a probable effect of both low and high molecular weight PAHs on variations in energy storage lipids (TAG and sterol and wax esters [SE/WE]) and membrane lipids, particularly PL. Our results encourage the use of M. sanguinea to assess pollution levels in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zied Mdaini
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques LR18ES41, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia; Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - Khaoula Telahigue
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques LR18ES41, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Hajji
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Valorisation des Bio-Géo Ressources LR11ES31, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Université La Manouba, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Imen Rabeh
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques LR18ES41, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Pamela Pharand
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - M'hamed El Cafsi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques LR18ES41, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rejean Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Jean Pierre Gagné
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
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Mahboub HH, Faggio C, Hendam BM, Algharib SA, Alkafafy M, Abo Hashem M, Mahmoud YK, Khamis T, Abdel-Ghany HM, Masoud SR, Abdel Rahman AN. Immune-antioxidant trait, Aeromonas veronii resistance, growth, intestinal architecture, and splenic cytokines expression of Cyprinus carpio fed Prunus armeniaca kernel-enriched diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:182-191. [PMID: 35398527 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the intervention of plant by-products in the fish diet has gained tremendous attention owing to the economic and high nutritious value. The current study is a pioneer attempt to incorporate the apricot, Prunus armeniaca kernel powder (PAKP) into the Common carp, Cyprinus carpio diets, and assess its efficacy on growth, digestion, intestinal morphology, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and splenic cytokines expression, besides the antibacterial role against Aeromonas veronii infection. Apparently healthy fish (N = 120) with an initial body weight of 24.76 ± 0.03g were allotted in 12 glass aquaria (60 L) and randomly distributed into four groups (triplicates, 10 fish/aquarium). The control group (PAKP0) was fed a basal diet without additives. The second, third, and fourth groups were provided PAKP diets with various concentrations (2.5 (PAKP2.5), 5 (PAKP5), and 10 g kg-1 (PAKP10)) respectively. After 60 days (feeding trial), sub-samples of the fish (12 fish/group) were intraperitoneally injected with 1 × 107 CFU mL-1 of A. veronii. Results revealed that body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and specific growth rates were significantly augmented in the PAKP10 group in comparison to the other groups. The dietary inclusion of PAKP at all concentrations boosted the digestive capacity and maintained the intestinal morphology (average villus length, villus width, and goblet cells count) with a marked improvement in PAKP10. Moreover, fish fed on PAKP10 followed by PAKP5 then PAKP2.5 diets had noticeably elevated values of immunological biomarkers (IgM, antiprotease, and lysozyme activity) and antioxidant capabilities (the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione) as well as significant up-regulation of immune and antioxidant-related genes (TGF-β2, TLR-2, TNF-α, IL-10, SOD, GPx, and GSS). Fourteen days post-infection with A. veronii, the highest relative percentage survival of fish was observed in PAKP10 (83.33%), followed by PAKP5 (66.67%), and PAKP2.5 (50%). Our results indicated that a dietary intervention with PAKP could promise growth, digestion, immunity, and protect C. carpio against A. veronii infection in a dose-dependent manner. This offers a framework for future application of such seeds as a growth promotor, immune-stimulant, and antioxidant, besides an alternative cheap therapeutic antibacterial agent for sustaining the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Basma M Hendam
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samah Attia Algharib
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, QG, Egypt; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, China
| | - Mohamed Alkafafy
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Abo Hashem
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yasmina K Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Heba M Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Shimaa R Masoud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Afaf N Abdel Rahman
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
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Huo C, Liu G, Xu M, Li X, Zong W, Liu R. Characterizing the binding interactions of sodiumbenzoatewithlysozymeat the molecular level using multi-spectroscopy, ITC and modeling methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 263:120213. [PMID: 34325175 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we mainly study the interaction mechanism between food additives and antioxidant enzymes. Spectral methods were used to study the effect of sodium benzoate on the structure and function of lysozyme at the molecular level. Multi-spectroscopic results showed that sodium benzoate statically quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of lysozyme, formed complexes with lysozyme, increased the polarity of the aromatic amino acid, effected the molecular skeleton of lysozyme and stretched the secondary structure. The molecular docking and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) results showed that sodium benzoate entered the depression of the surface of lysozyme molecule both through hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond. Sodium benzoate was linked to tryptophan (Trp-63) by a hydrogen bond with a bond length of 2.48 Å. Thermodynamic studies showed that the combination was spontaneous, as the values of the enthalpy change (ΔH) and the entropy change (ΔS) were calculated to be 12.558 kJmol-1 and 25 kJmol-1k-1, respectively. Enzyme activity determination showed that Sodium benzoate increased lysozyme activity by 22.31%. This study can provide experimental support for evaluating the edible safety of sodium benzoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Huo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Guiliang Liu
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, 2749# Xinluo street, high tech Zone, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250100, PR China
| | - Mengchen Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Shandong Province, No. 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Population, Resources and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China.
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10
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Solomando A, Capó X, Alomar C, Compa M, Valencia JM, Sureda A, Deudero S. Assessment of the effect of long-term exposure to microplastics and depuration period in Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758: Liver and blood biomarkers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147479. [PMID: 33975116 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The constant increase in plastic pollution has attracted great attention in recent years due to its potential detrimental effects on organisms and ecosystems. While the consequences of ingestion of large plastic litter are mostly understood, the impacts resulting from a long-term exposure and a recovery period of microplastics (MPs) are still limited. The aims were to monitor oxidative stress, detoxification and inflammatory biomarkers in liver, plasma and erythrocytes of Sparus aurata exposed during 90 days to low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-MPs enriched diet (10% by weight) followed by 30 days of depuration. Exposure to LDPE-MPs progressively activates the antioxidant and detoxification system and induces an inflammatory response in liver and plasma, whereas no significant changes were observed in erythrocytes. The plasma activities of catalase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as maker of lipid peroxidation significantly increased after exposure to LDPE-MPs for 90 days compared to the control group. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes - catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase-, the detoxification enzyme glutathione s-transferase, MPO, the production of reactive oxygen species and the levels of MDA were also significantly increased in liver after MPs exposure. Additionally, all these biomarkers tended to recover during the depuration period, most of them reaching similar levels to those of the control group. In conclusion, the ingestion of a diet containing LDPE-MPs for 90 days induced a progressive increase in oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in liver and plasma of S. aurata but not in erythrocytes, which tended to regain control values when not exposed to MPs for 30 days. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the toxic effects of MPs in S. aurata and highlights the usefulness of plasma that can be obtained in a minimally invasive way to monitor these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antònia Solomando
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Xavier Capó
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, E-07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Carme Alomar
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, E-07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Compa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, E-07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - José María Valencia
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Marinas y Acuicultura, LIMIA-Govern de les Illes Balears, E-07157 Port d'Andratx, Balearic Islands, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA) (INIA-CAIB-UIB), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain..
| | - Salud Deudero
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, E-07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
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Miron SM, de Espindola A, Dutournié P, Ponche A. Study of the relationship between applied transmembrane pressure and antimicrobial activity of lysozyme. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12086. [PMID: 34103632 PMCID: PMC8187345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During the processing of biomolecules by ultrafiltration, the lysozyme enzyme undergoes conformational changes, which can affect its antibacterial activity. Operational conditions are considered to be one of the main parameters responsible for such changes, especially when using the same membrane and molecule. The present study demonstrates that, the same cut-off membrane (commercial data) can result in different properties of the protein after filtration, due to their different pore network. The filtration of lysozyme, regardless of the membrane, produces a decrease in the membrane hydraulic permeability (between 10 and 30%) and an increase in its selectivity in terms of observed rejection rate (30%). For the filtrated lysozyme, it appears that the HPLC retention time increases depending on the membrane used. The antibacterial activity of the filtrated samples is lower than the native protein and decreases with the increase of the applied pressure reaching 55–60% loss for 12 bar which has not been reported in the literature before. The observed results by SEC-HPLC and bacteriological tests, suggest that the conformation of the filtrated molecules are indeed modified. These results highlight the relationship between protein conformation or activity and the imposed shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona M Miron
- Institut de Science Des Matériaux de Mulhouse, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS IS2M UMR 7361, 3 bis rue A. Werner, 68098, Mulhouse Cedex, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ariane de Espindola
- Institut de Science Des Matériaux de Mulhouse, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS IS2M UMR 7361, 3 bis rue A. Werner, 68098, Mulhouse Cedex, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Dutournié
- Institut de Science Des Matériaux de Mulhouse, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS IS2M UMR 7361, 3 bis rue A. Werner, 68098, Mulhouse Cedex, France. .,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Arnaud Ponche
- Institut de Science Des Matériaux de Mulhouse, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS IS2M UMR 7361, 3 bis rue A. Werner, 68098, Mulhouse Cedex, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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12
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Mahboub HH, Beheiry RR, Shahin SE, Behairy A, Khedr MHE, Ibrahim SM, Elshopakey GE, Daoush WM, Altohamy DE, Ismail TA, El-Houseiny W. Adsorptivity of mercury on magnetite nano-particles and their influences on growth, economical, hemato-biochemical, histological parameters and bioaccumulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 235:105828. [PMID: 33901865 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among toxic pollutants, Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal that induces harmful impacts on aquatic ecosystems directly and human being's health indirectly. This study confirmed the in vitro magnetic potential of magnetite Nano-Particles (Fe3O4 NPs) against waterborne Hg exposure-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). We further evaluate the safety profile of Fe3O4 NPs on fish growth, hemato-biochemical, histological parameters, bioaccumulation in muscles, and economy. Magnetite nanoparticles were characterized, adsorption loading to Hg ions was investigated, and testing different concentrations of Fe3O4 NPs (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mg/L) was applied to determine the highest concentration of adsorption. An in vivo experiment includes 120 fish with an average weight of 26.2 ± 0.26 g were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, each group had three replicates (n = 30 fish/group; 10 fish/ replicate). All groups were fed on a reference basal diet and the experiment was conducted for 30 days. The first group (G1) was allocated as a control. The second group (G2) received 1.0 mg/L aqueous suspension of Fe3O4 NPs. The third group (G3) was exposed to an aqueous solution of Hg ions at a concentration of 0.025 mg/L. Meanwhile, the fourth group (G4) acquired an aqueous suspension composed of a mixture of Hg ions and Fe3O4 NPs as previously mentioned. Throughout the exposure period, the clinical signs, symptoms, and mortalities were recorded. The Hg ions-exposed group induced the following consequences; reduced appetite resulting in reduced growth and less economic efficiency; microcytic hypochromic anemia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, and neutrophilia; sharp and clear depletion in the immune indicators including lysozymes activity, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and Myeloperoxidase activities (MPO); significant higher levels of ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, and Superoxide dismutase (SOD); histological alterations of gill, hepatic and muscular tissues with strong expression of apoptotic marker (caspase 3); and a higher accumulation of Hg ions in the muscles. Surprisingly, Fe3O4 NPs-supplemented groups exhibited strong adsorption capacity against the Hg ions and mostly removed the Hg ions accumulation in the muscles. Also, the hematological, biochemical, and histological parameters were recovered. Thus, in order to assess the antitoxic role of Fe3O4 NPs against Hg and their safety on O. niloticus, and fill the gap of the research, the current context was investigated to evaluate the promising role of Fe3O4 NPs to prevent Hg-exposure-induced toxicity and protection of fish health, which ascertains essentiality for sustainable development of nanotechnology in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Rasha R Beheiry
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Sara E Shahin
- Veterinary Economics and Farm Management, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mariam H E Khedr
- Department of Veterinary public health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Seham M Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Gehad E Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Walid M Daoush
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), PO Box 5701 Othman ibn Affan St., Riyadh 11432, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. b) Department of Production Technology, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Saray-El Qoupa, El Sawah Street, 11281 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia E Altohamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Central Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Tamer Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa El-Houseiny
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
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13
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Shama S, Unger S, Pouliot Y, Doyen A, Suwal S, Pencharz P, Pitino MA, Sergius M, Aufreiter S, Stone D, O'Connor DL. A Human Milk-Based Protein Concentrate Developed for Preterm Infants Retains Bioactive Proteins and Supports Growth of Weanling Rats. J Nutr 2021; 151:840-847. [PMID: 33693847 PMCID: PMC8030702 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk-based protein modulars are currently available to nutrient-enrich enteral feedings; however, they have limitations for use in very-low-birth-weight infants. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to develop a human milk-based protein (HMP) concentrate and to conduct a preclinical assessment of the HMP concentrate in weanling rats. METHODS An HMP concentrate was produced from donor milk using pressure-driven membrane filtration processes and high hydrostatic pressure processing. Protein and lactoferrin concentrations and lysozyme activity were determined by Kjeldahl, HPLC, and turbidimetric assay, respectively. Male Sprague Dawley rats 24 d old (n = 30) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 isocaloric AIN-93G diets for 4 wk containing 100% casein (control) or with 50% of the casein replaced with the HMP concentrate (treatment) or a bovine whey protein isolate (treatment). Body weight, food intake, fat mass, plasma amino acid profiles, and organ weights were measured. Data were analyzed using linear regression models. RESULTS Raw donor milk contained (mean ± SD) 101 ± 6 g protein/kg and 5 ± 1 g lactoferrin/kg of milk solids. Postprocessing, protein and lactoferrin concentrations were 589 ± 3 g/kg and 29 ± 10 g/kg, respectively. Lysozyme activity was initially 209 ± 4 U/kg and increased to 959 ± 39 U/kg in the HMP concentrate. There were no statistically significant differences in body weight, food intake, fat mass, or plasma amino acid profiles between rats fed diets containing the HMP concentrate and the control diet. Full cecum weights were higher in rats fed the HMP concentrate than in those fed control diets (mean difference: 5.59 g; 95% CI: 4.50, 6.68 g; P < 0.0001), likely reflecting the concentration of human milk oligosaccharides. No differences were found for other organ weights. CONCLUSIONS The HMP concentrate retained important bioactive proteins and supported normal rat growth in the preclinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shama
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Unger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yves Pouliot
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Doyen
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shyam Suwal
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul Pencharz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Pitino
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mélanie Sergius
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susanne Aufreiter
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debbie Stone
- Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Mdaini Z, Telahigue K, Hajji T, Rabeh I, El Cafsi M, Tremblay R, Gagné JP. Comparative biomarker responses to urban pollution in three polychaete species: Perinereis cultrifera, Diopatra neapolitana, and Marphysa sanguinea from the lagoon of Tunis. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:119. [PMID: 33569704 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coastal lagoons are among the most vulnerable ecosystems as they are often exposed to different anthropogenic activities. The Polychaetes, which are dominant components in macrobenthic community, are particularly exposed to contamination. The current study was designed to assess and compare the sensitivity of different polychaetes species towards urban pollution. To do this, three polychaete species: Perinereis cultrifera, Diopatra neapolitana, and Marphysa sanguinea, were collected from the Tunis South Lagoon during summer 2013. A set of biomarkers indicative of genotoxicity (DNA damage), biotransformation, and oxidative stress (glutathione S-transferase, GST) as well as immune response (cyclooxygenase activity (COX), lysozyme activity, and nitric oxide level (NOx)), was used. The results revealed that D. neapolitana and P. cultrifera exhibited higher genetic alteration and GST activity and more prominent immune response when compared with M. sanguinea. These findings denote of the higher sensitivity of D. neapolitana and P. cultrifera to urban pollution and suggest their possible use in environmental biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zied Mdaini
- Laboratoire D'Ecologie, Biologie Et Physiologie Des Organismes Aquatiques LR18ES41, Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Des Sciences de La Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec À Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Khaoula Telahigue
- Laboratoire D'Ecologie, Biologie Et Physiologie Des Organismes Aquatiques LR18ES41, Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Tarek Hajji
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Et Valorisation Des Bio-Géo Ressources LR11ES31, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Université La Manouba, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Imen Rabeh
- Laboratoire D'Ecologie, Biologie Et Physiologie Des Organismes Aquatiques LR18ES41, Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M'hamed El Cafsi
- Laboratoire D'Ecologie, Biologie Et Physiologie Des Organismes Aquatiques LR18ES41, Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rejean Tremblay
- Institut Des Sciences de La Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec À Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Jean Pierre Gagné
- Institut Des Sciences de La Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec À Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
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15
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Friend LL, Perrin MT. Methods of mixing donor human milk during bottling results in fat differences between samples within a pool. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5256-5264. [PMID: 33516556 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The influence of milk-banking processes on nutrients in donor human milk (DHM) is largely unknown. Previous studies have measured nutrients between pools of DHM, but within-pool nutrient differences (between bottles from the same pool) have yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the effect of different mixing characteristics on the distribution of fat, protein, IgA, and lysozyme in bottled, raw DHM. Pools of DHM were created in a laboratory setting according to published human milk-banking guidelines and assigned to a mixing treatment (mixing during bottling method, pooling container material, and refrigerated hold time). Four mixing protocols using glass pooling containers and a 1-h refrigerated hold time were tested: control (no mixing during bottling); manual-A (Man-A, hand swirl after pouring 3 bottles); manual-B (Man-B, hand swirl after pouring every bottle); and mechanical-G (Mech-G, continuous stirring with a magnet). As secondary objectives, we compared the effect of a glass and a plastic pooling container with mechanical mixing (mechanical-P, Mech-P), and compared refrigerated delays of 1 and 24 h before bottling with manual mixing (manual-A24, Man-A24). To control for differences in nutrient content, comparisons between treatments were made using absolute percent difference from the treatment-specific mean; and comparisons within a treatment were made using the ratio of fat content in a bottle to fat content in the first bottle of the same pool. We did not observe differences in nutrient distribution between Man-A, Man-B, and Mech-G in pools held for 1 h, but all were significantly different from the control for fat. There were no differences between glass or plastic pooling containers when mechanical mixing was used. Holding a pool in the refrigerator for 24 h before bottling created significantly greater fat distribution than holding a pool for 1 h. Outcomes were the result of controlled experiments. In summary, manual and mechanical mixing of 1,700-mL DHM pools produces similar fat and protein distributions when DHM is pooled and bottled after a 1-h hold time. When DHM is held for 24 h before bottling, more research is needed to determine the duration of initial mixing needed to reduce fat variability between bottles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Friend
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro 27412
| | - Maryanne T Perrin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro 27412.
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16
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Mahboub HH, Shahin K, Zaglool AW, Roushdy EM, Ahmed SAA. Efficacy of nano zinc oxide dietary supplements on growth performance, immunomodulation and disease resistance of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 142:147-160. [PMID: 33331282 DOI: 10.3354/dao03531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element in fish diets that is required for growth, immunity and antioxidant defense mechanisms. The current study assessed the effects of both organic and nanoparticle zinc oxide (ZnO and ZnO-NPs, respectively) on growth performance, immune response and the antimicrobial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Fish were fed either a control diet or diets supplemented with organic ZnO at concentrations of 20 and 30 mg kg-1 or ZnO-NPs at concentrations of 20 and 30 mg kg-1. After 60 d, a subset of the fish was injected intraperitoneally with 3 × 107 CFU ml-1 of P. aeruginosa. Results showed that body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and specific growth rates were significantly increased in ZnO-NPs20 compared to all other groups. The dietary supplementation with 20 mg kg-1 of ZnO-NPs improved the antioxidant status of fish. Moreover, IgM, lysozyme and nitric oxide showed a significant increase in the fish which received the ZnO-NPs20-supplemented diet. A significant upregulation of growth and stress-related genes was seen in the ZnO-NPs20-supplemented group compared to other groups. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of immune-related genes among ZnO-NPs20, ZnO-NPs30 and ZnO30 groups. These findings highlight the potential use of nano-ZnO for improving growth performance, antioxidant status, immunological status and antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa in African catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44519, Zagazig 4511, Sharkia, Egypt
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17
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Tailor-Made Fluorinated Ionic Liquids for Protein Delivery. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081594. [PMID: 32823882 PMCID: PMC7466544 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, pharmaceutical companies are facing several challenges with the development and approval of new biological products. The unique properties of several fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs), such as their high surfactant power in aqueous solutions, their chemical and biological stability, and low toxicity, favor their application in the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, the numerous combinations between cations and anions, in the FILs design, enlarge the possibilities to construct a successful delivery system. Several FILs also proved to not affect the activity, stability, and secondary structure of the therapeutic protein lysozyme. This work aims to study the aggregation behavior of distinct FILs in the protein suitable medium, in the presence or absence of lysozyme. Besides, different incubation conditions were tested to guarantee the optimal enzymatic activity of the protein at more stable delivery systems. Following the optimization of the incubation conditions, the quantification of the encapsulated lysozyme was performed to evaluate the encapsulation efficiency of each FIL-based system. The release of the protein was tested applying variables such as time, temperature, and ultrasound frequency. The experimental results suggest that the aggregation behavior of FILs is not significantly influenced by the protein and/or protein buffer and supports their application for the design of delivery systems with high encapsulation efficiencies, maintaining the biological activity of either encapsulated and released protein.
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The Effects of Fortification and Refrigerated Storage on Bioactive Proteins in Holder-pasteurized Donor Human Milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 69:370-374. [PMID: 31107792 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the total protein, lysozyme, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) content of unfortified and fortified Holder-pasteurized donor human milk (HPDHM) during 96 hours of refrigerated storage. STUDY DESIGN HPDHM was prepared in a hospital feeding room and subjected to treatment with 3 different fortifiers: an acidic, bovine-based (F-ACID), a neutral, bovine-based, and a human milk-derived (F-HUM) fortifier. Unfortified HPDHM served as the control (CONTROL). Samples were stored at 4°C, and every 24 hours, a 1-mL aliquot was removed for analysis. RESULTS At baseline, there was a significant difference in protein (mean, standard deviation) concentration (g/dL) between control (1.3, 0.1) and all other treatments (F-ACID = 2.0, 0.2; neutral, bovine-derived fortifier = 2.2, 0.1; F-HUM = 2.5, 0.1; P < 0.001). Lysozyme and IgA were significantly lower in the F-ACID group (P < 0.001). Lysozyme and IgA were significantly higher in the F-HUM group (P < 0.001). There was no significant effect of storage time (P > 0.9) for all dependent variables. CONCLUSION The type of fortifier has a more significant impact on bioactive components in fortified HPDHM than does storage time. Our findings of lack of negative impact of refrigeration storage time on the protein and bioactive components of donor milk strengthen the recent recommendations to extend storage time to 48 hours.
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Perrin MT, Fogleman AD, Davis DD, Wimer CH, Vogel KG, Palmquist AEL. A pilot study on nutrients, antimicrobial proteins, and bacteria in commerce-free models for exchanging expressed human milk in the USA. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2019; 14 Suppl 6:e12566. [PMID: 30592165 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Expressed human milk can be donated or sold through a variety of channels, including human milk banks, corporations or individuals, or peer-to-peer milk sharing. There is a paucity of research regarding the nutrient and bioactive profiles of expressed human milk exchanged through commerce-free scenarios, including peer-to-peer milk sharing. The study objective was to evaluate the macronutrient, antimicrobial protein, and bacteria composition in expressed human milk acquired via commerce-free arrangements. Expressed human milk samples were collected from the following commerce-free scenarios: milk expressed for a mother's or parent's own infant (MOM; N = 30); unpasteurized milk donated to a non-profit milk bank (BANKED; N = 30); milk expressed for peer-to-peer milk sharing (SHARED; N = 31); and health professional-facilitated milk sharing where donors are serologically screened and milk is dispensed raw (SCREENED; N = 30). Analyses were conducted for total protein, lactose, percent fat and water, lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin A (IgA) activity, total aerobic bacteria, coliform, and Staphylococcus aureus. No bacterial growth was observed in 52/121 samples, and 15/121 had growth greater than 5.0 log colony-forming units/mL. There was no evidence of differences by groups (p > .05) in lactose, fat, water, lysozyme activity, sIgA activity, aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and S. aureus. Mean protein values (95% confidence interval) were 1.5 g/dL (1.4, 1.6) for BANKED, 1.4 g/dL (1.3, 1.5) for MOM, 1.6 g/dL (1.5, 1.7) for SCREENED, and 1.5 g/dL (1.4, 1.6) for SHARED, which was not significantly different (p = .081). This research contributes to growing literature on the risks and benefits of uncompensated, peer-to-peer milk sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryanne T Perrin
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - April D Fogleman
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Destiny D Davis
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Courtney H Wimer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth G Vogel
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aunchalee E L Palmquist
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Mdaini Z, El Cafsi M, Tremblay R, Pharand P, Gagné JP. Spatio-temporal variability of biomarker responses and lipid composition of Marphysa sanguinea, Montagu (1813) in the anthropic impacted lagoon of Tunis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 144:275-286. [PMID: 31179997 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study the Polychaeta Marphysa sanguinea, was tested to investigate the impact of metal pollution on the environmental state of a coastal Mediterranean lagoon, Tunis Lagoon (Tunisia). A multi-biomarker approach comprising glutathione-stransferase, cyclooxygenase, lysozyme activity, and lipid class composition of the Polychaeta was employed on a seasonal basis in the present investigation. The multivariate statistical approach (principal component analysis and Pearson correlation) clearly demonstrated different spatial patterns in biomarker values and lipid class concentrations. The phospholipids were the dominant lipid class in M. sanguinea, with the highest value found at the control station. The impact of pollution was most clearly observed on the main storage lipid class, triacylglycerol, which was lowest in the most impacted sites. Our work suggests that M. sanguinea can be used in warmer Mediterranean costal habitats as a sentinel species of contaminated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zied Mdaini
- Faculté des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Campus El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie; Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - M'hamed El Cafsi
- Faculté des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Campus El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Rejean Tremblay
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Pamela Pharand
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Gagné
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
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21
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Zhang R, Jia C, Zhao L, Pan J, Niu Q, Liu R. Characterization of the interaction between carbon black and three important antioxidant proteins using multi spectroscopy and modeling simulations. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:823-830. [PMID: 30743233 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A major user of carbon black is the pigment and dyes industry, where carbon black is incorporated into paints, inks, printers, and plastics. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying the toxicity of carbon black to antioxidant proteins. Carbon black can cause oxidative stress to organisms after they invade into the body. Antioxidant proteins play a key role in keeping the organism from nanoparticle-induced oxidative damage and tend to bind with nanoparticles immediately after their invading into the biological environment, so it is meaningful to elucidate the toxicity of nanoparticles on the antioxidant proteins. In this study, the toxicity of carbon black (SB100) on three different antioxidant proteins (TF (transferrin), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and LYZ (lysozyme)) were investigated. The multi-spectra studies indicated that SB100 interacted with these three proteins and changed their structure in different ways. SB100 changed the microenvironment of fluorophores in SOD and LYZ by quenching the fluorescence spectra of the two enzymes, while changed that of TF by increasing the fluorescence intensity of TF. SB100 changed the secondary structure of these three proteins by decreasing the α-helix content of TF and increasing that of SOD and LYZ. Moreover, SB100 changed the hydrophobicity of the three proteins in different ways as well. And SOD exhibits a more severe activity inhibition than LYZ after exposed to SB100. In summary, SB100 caused different structural and functional changes to these three antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, PR China
| | - Chenhao Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, PR China
| | - Lining Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, PR China
| | - Jie Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, PR China
| | - Qigui Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, PR China.
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22
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Pitino MA, Unger S, Doyen A, Pouliot Y, Aufreiter S, Stone D, Kiss A, O'Connor DL. High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing Better Preserves the Nutrient and Bioactive Compound Composition of Human Donor Milk. J Nutr 2019; 149:497-504. [PMID: 30770541 PMCID: PMC6398389 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When mother's milk is insufficient, pasteurized human donor milk (DM) is the recommended supplement for hospitalized very-low-birth-weight infants. The current method of pasteurization (Holder, 62.5°C, 30 min) negatively affects heat-sensitive nutrients and bioactive proteins. OBJECTIVES Objectives of this study were to compare changes in DM composition after thermal pasteurization (Holder and flash-heating) and nonthermal methods [UV-C irradiation and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP)]. We hypothesized that nonthermal techniques would result in fewer changes to composition. METHODS Holder, flash-heating (brought to boil), UV-C irradiation (250 nm, 25 min), and HHP (500 MPa, 8 min) were studied. Pools of milk from 17 women known to contain bacteria at >5 × 107 colony forming units (CFU)/L were collected from the Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank and underwent each pasteurization technique. Macronutrients, heat-sensitive micronutrients (vitamin C, folate), and bioactive components [bile-salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL), lysozyme, lactoferrin] were measured in raw and pools of pasteurized milk. Milk was cultured to determine how well each technique produced a culture negative result (detection limit <1 × 103 CFU/L). RESULTS Folate was reduced by 24-27% after Holder, flash-heating, and UV-C (P < 0.05); no reduction was observed after HHP. All pasteurization methods reduced vitamin C (60-75%, P < 0.001). BSSL was abolished after Holder and flash-heating (P < 0.001), reduced after UV-C (48%, P < 0.001), but unaffected by HHP. Lysozyme activity was reduced after flash-heating (44%) and UV-C (74%, P < 0.004) but unaffected by Holder or HHP. Lactoferrin was reduced by all methods (P < 0.02) but most severely by flash-heating (74%) and least severely by HHP (25%). Holder and UV-C reduced lactoferrin by ∼48%. All pasteurization methods reduced the number of culture positive DM samples (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HHP better preserves human milk composition than Holder pasteurization. Future research on the feasibility of HHP for pasteurizing human milk is warranted because its implementation may improve the nutritional status and health of DM-fed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Pitino
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Unger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain Doyen
- Département des Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Centre de recherche STELA, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Pouliot
- Département des Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Centre de recherche STELA, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Susanne Aufreiter
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debbie Stone
- Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Address correspondence to DLOC (e-mail: )
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23
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Abouzed TK, Sadek KM, Ayoub MM, Saleh EA, Nasr SM, El-Sayed YS, Shoukry M. Papaya extract upregulates the immune and antioxidants-related genes, and proteins expression in milk somatic cells of Friesian dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:407-415. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K. Abouzed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kafr El-Sheikh University; Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt
| | - Kadry M. Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Mousa M. Ayoub
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Ebeed A. Saleh
- Department of Milk and Meat Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Sherif M. Nasr
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Yasser S. El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Moustafa Shoukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kafr El-Sheikh University; Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt
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24
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Fogleman AD, Meng T, Osborne J, Perrin MT, Jones F, Allen JC. Storage of Unfed and Leftover Mothers' Own Milk. Breastfeed Med 2018; 13:42-49. [PMID: 29235902 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the bacteriological and immunological properties of freshly expressed, previously frozen, and leftover mothers' own milk during storage. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the first of two pilot studies, 12 mother-infant dyads participated. The milk studied included freshly expressed unfed and freshly expressed leftover milk. Milk samples were stored at 24°C, 4°C, or -20°C. In the second pilot study, 11 mother-infant dyads participated. The milk studied included milk that had been previously frozen, including previously frozen leftover milk. Milk samples were stored at 24°C and 4°C. After storage in both studies, the milk was analyzed for bacteriological and immunological properties. RESULTS Bacteriological and immunological characteristics of freshly expressed unfed and freshly expressed leftover milk and previously frozen unfed and previously frozen leftover milk remained stable during storage at 4°C for at least 6 days. The quality of all groups of mothers' milk declined when stored at 24°C for longer than 3 hours. CONCLUSIONS While this study provides evidence that human milk might be safe at longer storage times, storage guidelines should not be revised until more research is performed. This study serves as a call to action for more research on the topic of human milk storage, specifically leftover human milk. The study provides information to inform future study designs on the topic of unpasteurized human milk storage. More research is needed regarding leftover human milk storage with a greater number of participants, determination of the quality of human milk, and the storage of human milk in a real-life setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- April D Fogleman
- 1 Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ting Meng
- 1 Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jason Osborne
- 2 Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Maryanne T Perrin
- 1 Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina.,3 Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Frances Jones
- 4 Lactation Service & Provincial Milk Bank, BC Women's Hospital , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Allen
- 1 Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
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25
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Wu Q, Wan J, He Z, Liu R. Spectroscopic investigations on the conformational changes of lysozyme effected by different sizes of N-acetyl-l-cysteine-capped CdTe quantum dots. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 28902442 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine-capped CdTe quantum dots (NAC-CdTe QDs) with different sizes on lysozyme was investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), enzyme activity assays, and multi-spectroscopic methods. ITC results proved that NAC-CdTe QDs can spontaneously bind with lysozyme and hydrophobic force plays a major role in stabilizing QDs-lysozyme complex. Multi-spectroscopic measurements revealed that NAC-CdTe QDs caused strong quenching of the lysozyme's fluorescence in a size-dependent quenching manner. Moreover, the changes of secondary structure and microenvironment in lysozyme caused by the NAC-CdTe QDs were higher with a bigger size. The results of enzyme activity assays showed that the interaction between lysozyme and NAC-CdTe QDs inhibited the activity of lysozyme and the inhibiting effect was in a size-dependent manner. Based on these results, we conclude that NAC-CdTe QDs with larger particle size had a larger impact on the structure and function of lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqiang Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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26
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Lima HK, Wagner-Gillespie M, Perrin MT, Fogleman AD. Bacteria and Bioactivity in Holder Pasteurized and Shelf-Stable Human Milk Products. Curr Dev Nutr 2017; 1:e001438. [PMID: 29955718 PMCID: PMC5998364 DOI: 10.3945/cdn.117.001438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Historically, Holder pasteurization has been used to pasteurize donor human milk available in a hospital setting. There is extensive research that provides an overview of the impact of Holder pasteurization on bioactive components of human milk. A shelf-stable (SS) human milk product, created using retort processing, recently became available; however, to our knowledge, little has been published about the effect of retort processing on human milk. Objective: We aimed to assess the ability of retort processing to eliminate bacteria and to quantify the difference in lysozyme and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) activity between Holder pasteurized (HP) and SS human milk. Methods: Milk samples from 60 mothers were pooled. From this pool, 36 samples were taken: 12 samples were kept raw, 12 samples were HP, and 12 samples were retort processed to create an SS product. All samples were analyzed for total aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, Bacillus cereus, sIgA activity, and lysozyme activity. Raw samples served as the control. Results: One raw sample and 3 HP samples contained B. cereus at the time of culture. There were no detectable bacteria in SS samples at the time of culture. Raw samples had significantly greater lysozyme and sIgA activity than HP and SS samples (P < 0.0001). HP samples retained significantly more lysozyme and sIgA activity (54% and 87%, respectively) than SS samples (0% and 11%, respectively). Conclusions: Human milk processed using Holder pasteurization should continue to be screened for the presence of B. cereus. Clinicians should be aware of the differences in the retention of lysozyme and sIgA activity in HP and SS products when making feeding decisions for medically fragile or immunocompromised infants to ensure that patients are receiving the maximum immune protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope K Lima
- Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Montana Wagner-Gillespie
- Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- WakeMed Mothers' Milk Bank, Cary, NC
| | - Maryanne T Perrin
- Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC
| | - April D Fogleman
- Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Goodale BC, Rayack EJ, Stanton BA. Arsenic alters transcriptional responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and decreases antimicrobial defense of human airway epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28625800 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination of drinking water and food threatens the health of hundreds of millions of people worldwide by increasing the risk of numerous diseases. Arsenic exposure has been associated with infectious lung disease in epidemiological studies, but it is not yet understood how ingestion of low levels of arsenic increases susceptibility to bacterial infection. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to examine the effect of arsenic on gene expression in primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and to determine if arsenic altered epithelial cell responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen. Bronchial epithelial cells line the airway surface, providing a physical barrier and serving critical roles in antimicrobial defense and signaling to professional immune cells. We used RNA-seq to define the transcriptional response of HBE cells to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and investigated how arsenic affected HBE gene networks in the presence and absence of the bacterial challenge. Environmentally relevant levels of arsenic significantly changed the expression of genes involved in cellular redox homeostasis and host defense to bacterial infection, and decreased genes that code for secreted antimicrobial factors such as lysozyme. Using pathway analysis, we identified Sox4 and Nrf2-regulated gene networks that are predicted to mediate the arsenic-induced decrease in lysozyme secretion. In addition, we demonstrated that arsenic decreased lysozyme in the airway surface liquid, resulting in reduced lysis of Microccocus luteus. Thus, arsenic alters the expression of genes and proteins in innate host defense pathways, thereby decreasing the ability of the lung epithelium to fight bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton C Goodale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, United States.
| | - Erica J Rayack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Bruce A Stanton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
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28
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Fang Q, Guo C, Wang Y, Liu Y. The study on interactions between levofloxacin and model proteins by using multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:2032-2044. [PMID: 28604271 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1341335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of levofloxacin (LEV) with lysozyme (LYZ), trypsin and bovine hemoglobin (BHb) were investigated, respectively, by using multi-spectral techniques and molecular docking in vitro. Fluorescence studies showed that LEV quenched LYZ/trypsin fluorescence in a combined quenching ways and BHb fluorescence in a static quenching with binding constants of .14, .51 and .20 × 105 L mol-1 at 298 K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that hydrophobic forces, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces played the major role in the binding process. The binding distances between LEV and the inner tryptophan residues of LYZ, trypsin, and BHb were calculated to be 4.04, 3.38, and 4.52 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the results of circular dichroism spectra (CD), UV-vis, and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra indicated that the secondary structures of LYZ, trypsin, and BHb were partially changed by LEV with the α-helix percentage of LYZ-LEV system increased while that of BHb-LEV system was decreased, the β-sheet percentage of trypsin-LEV system increased from 41.3 to 42.9%. UV-vis spectral results showed that the binding interactions could cause conformational and some micro-environmental changes of LYZ, trypsin, and BHb. The results of molecular docking revealed that in LYZ and trypsin systems, LEV bound to the active sites residues GLU 35 and ASP 52 of LYZ and trypsin at the active site SER 195, and in BHb system, LEV was located in the central cavity, which was consistent with the results of synchronous fluorescence experiment. Besides, LEV made the activity of LYZ decrease while the activity of trypsin increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fang
- a College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Chenhui Guo
- a College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yirun Wang
- a College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Ying Liu
- a College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081 , China.,b Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081 , China
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Lin T, Liu X, Xiao D, Zhang D. Plasma levels of immune factors and sex steroids in the male seahorse Hippocampus erectus during a breeding cycle. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:889-899. [PMID: 28197868 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the endocrine- and immune-response pattern during reproduction in a fish species having parental care behaviors and also to accumulate the endocrine- and immune-related data for future explanations of the low reproductive efficiency in seahorse species, the variations of immune factors and sex steroids in the plasma of the male lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus at different breeding stages, i.e., pre-pregnancy, pregnancy (early, middle, and late periods), and post-pregnancy, were investigated in the present study. The immune factors included monocytes/leucocytes (M/L), leucocyte phagocytic rate (LPR), immunoglobulin M (Ig M), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-α (IFN-α), and lysozyme (LZM). The sex steroids included testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11β-OHT), 17α-methyltestosterone (17α-MT), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-hydroxy-20β-dihydroprogesterone (17α-20β-P). Moreover, the immune metabolic activity of epithelium cells in the brood pouch at different breeding stages was also analyzed through ultrastructural observations of the abundance of cytoplasmic granules, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and exocytosis. The results show that a higher immune level was observed during pregnancy, particularly in the early and middle periods, and a lower immune level was noted during pre-pregnancy. Correspondingly, the epithelium cells in the brood pouch also showed a stronger immune metabolic activity during pregnancy and weaker activity during pre-pregnancy. Four sex steroids of T, 11β-OHT, 17α-MT, and E2 were higher during pre-pregnancy and lower during post-pregnancy, whereas 11-KT and 17α-20β-P, which were positively correlated with part immune factors, were higher during pregnancy. No negative correlations between sex steroids and immune factors were observed. In conclusion, the higher immune competence during pregnancy may indicate that parental care could improve immunity, which may be the major factor for no immunosuppressive effect of sex steroids during reproduction in the seahorse H. erectus, unlike noncaregiving fishes in which inhibitions of sex steroids on immunity are frequently observed. Moreover, higher 11-KT and 17α-20β-P during pregnancy than during pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy may suggest that these two steroids are also involved in parental care regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lin
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China.
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Alves M, Vieira NSM, Rebelo LPN, Araújo JMM, Pereiro AB, Archer M. Fluorinated ionic liquids for protein drug delivery systems: Investigating their impact on the structure and function of lysozyme. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:309-320. [PMID: 28478279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the approval of recombinant human insulin by FDA in 1982, more than 200 proteins are currently available for pharmaceutical use to treat a wide range of diseases. However, innovation is still required to develop effective approaches for drug delivery. Our aim is to investigate the potential use of fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) as drug delivery systems (DDS) for therapeutic proteins. Some initial parameters need to be assessed before further studies can proceed. This work evaluates the impact of FILs on the stability, function, structure and aggregation state of lysozyme. Different techniques were used for this purpose, which included differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), spectrophotometric assays, circular dichroism (CD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM). Ionic liquids composed of cholinium-, imidazolium- or pyridinium- derivatives were combined with different anions and analysed at different concentrations in aqueous solutions (below and above the critical aggregation concentration, CAC). The results herein presented show that the addition of ionic liquids had no significant effect on the stability and hydrolytic activity of lysozyme. Moreover, a distinct behaviour was observed in DLS experiments for non-surfactant and surfactant ionic liquids, with the latter encapsulating the protein at concentrations above the CAC. These results encourage us to further study ionic liquids as promising tools for DDS of protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Alves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nicole S M Vieira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luís Paulo N Rebelo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - João M M Araújo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana B Pereiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Archer
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Gullian Klanian M, Terrats Preciat M. Effect of pH on temperature controlled degradation of reactive oxygen species, heat shock protein expression, and mucosal immunity in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175812. [PMID: 28414789 PMCID: PMC5393868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of pH on the activity of antioxidant and immune enzymes in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus exposed to different temperatures. The organisms (530 ±110 g) were exposed to 16, 20, 24, 28, 30, 34 and 36°C for 6 h to evaluate thermal limits at two water pH values (treatment = 7.70; control = 8.17). For the thermal tolerance experiment, the organisms were exposed to sublethal temperature of 34°C for 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. I. badionotus showed signs of thermal stress by synthesizing heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) at the cold (16°C) and warm thermal limits (34°C). The glutathione peroxidase (GPx) showed a negative correlation with superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in modulating the effect of oxidative stress at different temperature levels. Specifically, GPx activity was maximal at the extremes of the cold and warm temperatures (16, 20, and 36°C) tested, while contrarily, the SOD activity increased significantly in the narrow range of temperature between 28 and 30°C, as a part of a reaction to offset oxidative damage. The effect of pH on the expression of hsp70 was not significant, whereas the antioxidant enzymes activity was stimulated at pH 7.70. Mucosal immunity, evidenced by the activation of the phenoloxidase (PO) system, increased above the basal level at pH 7.70 and at 28, 30, and 34°C. Independent of pH, the temperature of 34°C was identified as the 12 h-sublethal upper limit for I. badionotus.
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Zhao L, Sun T, Zhang X, Song W, Liu R. Exploring the influence of MPA-capped CdTe quantum dots on the structure and function of lysozyme probing by spectroscopic and calorimetric methods. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lining Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University; China-America CRC for Environment & Health; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University; China-America CRC for Environment & Health; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University; China-America CRC for Environment & Health; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University; China-America CRC for Environment & Health; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University; China-America CRC for Environment & Health; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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Meng T, Perrin MT, Allen JC, Osborne J, Jones F, Fogleman AD. Storage of Unfed and Leftover Pasteurized Human Milk. Breastfeed Med 2016; 11:538-543. [PMID: 27754716 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of storage on bacterial growth and immunological activity of pasteurized human milk and leftover pasteurized human milk that has been exposed to the microflora in an infant's mouth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen mother-infant dyads participated in two separate studies. Mother's milk was pasteurized, and each baby was fed 1 to 2 ounces. Pasteurized and leftover pasteurized milk were stored at room (24°C) and refrigerated temperatures (4°C). After storage, milk was analyzed for bacteria, total protein, lysozyme activity, and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) activity. RESULTS In pasteurized and leftover pasteurized milk stored in the refrigerator for 7 days, total aerobic bacteria do not increase significantly and total protein and bioactive proteins are stable. At room temperature, there is a significant increase in total aerobic bacteria in leftover pasteurized milk during 12 hours of storage (p < 0.01) and a significant decrease in total protein and SIgA activity in pasteurized milk during 12 hours of storage (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS When stored in the refrigerator, pasteurized and leftover pasteurized milk may be stored for at least 7 days when considering the variables studied. Caution should be used when storing pasteurized and leftover pasteurized milk at room temperature to prevent an increase in bacterial growth and a decrease in total protein and SIgA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Meng
- 1 Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Maryanne T Perrin
- 1 Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan C Allen
- 1 Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jason Osborne
- 2 Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Frances Jones
- 3 Lactation Service and Provincial Milk Bank, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - April D Fogleman
- 1 Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
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Lin T, Zhang D, Liu X, Xiao D. Parental care improves immunity in the seahorse (Hippocampus erectus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:554-562. [PMID: 27702678 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the sexual dimorphism in immune response in the seahorse Hippocampus erectus in which males compete for mates and invest heavily in parental care was assessed. Variability in immunocompetence in virginal seahorses with differing levels of sexual maturity (i.e., immaturity, early maturity and maturity) and with different mating statuses (i.e., virginal, experienced mating failure and experienced mating success) were analyzed by evaluating immune parameters in the plasma. Additionally, ultrastructural characteristics of the inner epithelium of the brood pouch were compared between males that had experienced mating failure and those that had succeeded. Generally, immunity in sexually mature virgin males was greater than in females, and mating competition significantly reduced males' immunity. However, parental care gave males stronger immune and metabolic abilities and resulted in their immunity significantly rebounding after a successful mating. The present study quantitatively clarifies, for the first time, how parental care and mating competition jointly affect immunity. Moreover, previous findings that females display more efficient immune defenses than males in conventional species (i.e., males are as competitor and females as care giver) and that males' immunity is higher than females' in the pipefish (i.e., females are as competitor and males as care giver) in combination with the present results indicate that parental care is a key factor for sexual dimorphism in immunity. The care-giving sex has strong immunity regardless of the sex in charge of mating competition or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lin
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Dong Zhang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, PR China.
| | - Xin Liu
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Dongxue Xiao
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, PR China
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35
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Beaudry A, Fortier M, Masson S, Auffret M, Brousseau P, Fournier M. Effect of Temperature on Immunocompetence of the Blue Mussel ( Mytilus Edulis). J Xenobiot 2016; 6:5889. [PMID: 30701049 PMCID: PMC6324475 DOI: 10.4081/xeno.2016.5889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The blue mussel is a filter-feeding bivalve commonly used in ecotoxicological monitoring as a sentinel species. Due to climate change and the increase of temperature expected in marine environment, it is important to anticipate potential impacts on this species. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunocompetence of blue mussels acclimated to different temperatures and on the effects of increasing temperatures (5, 10 and 20°C). Different indices and gonad maturation stages were also determined throughout the experiments. Cell viability, phagocytosis, serum lysozyme activity and cyclooxygenase (COX) activity were evaluated as immune parameters. The cellular immunity was also evaluated after hemocytes exposure to various cadmium concentrations in vitro. The results obtained demonstrate modulation of hemocyte viability and the ability of these cells to phagocytize in absence of contaminants. After the exposure to cadmium, hemocytes showed greater viability at 5°C while maintaining a higher phagocytic competence. In addition, the lysozyme activity stayed stable at all tested temperatures, contrary to that of COX, which increased when the mussels were maintained at 20°C. The evaluation of indices demonstrated no reduction of general conditions during all the experiment despite the increase of temperature and the reduction of the digestive gland weight. Moreover, the lack of food does not affect gonad maturation and the spawning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Beaudry
- INRS-Institut-Armand-Frappier Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada.,Aquarium du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marlène Fortier
- INRS-Institut-Armand-Frappier Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Pauline Brousseau
- INRS-Institut-Armand-Frappier Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada.,ISMER-Université du Québec à Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Fournier
- INRS-Institut-Armand-Frappier Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada.,ISMER-Université du Québec à Rimouski, QC, Canada
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36
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Lin T, Zhang D, Liu X, Xiao D. Variations of immune parameters in the lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus after infection with enteritis pathogen of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:247-254. [PMID: 26851568 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Enteritis has been increasingly recognized as one of the major obstacles for the lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus mass culture success. In the present study, the intestinal bacteria strains of the lined seahorses H. erectus suffered from enteritis were isolated, then their pathogenicities were confirmed by artificial infection, and one pathogenic bacteria strain named DS3 was obtained. The median lethal dose (LD50) of strain DS3 for 10 days was determined. The seahorses with different infection levels of uninfected (control), early stage of infection (ESI) and late stage of infection (LSI) were respectively sampled at 0, 3, 6 and 9 days post infection, and 12 immune parameters in the plasma were analyzed. The strain DS3 identified with a biochemical test combined with a molecular method was Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and its LD50 for 10 days was 1.3 × 10(3) cfu/fish. Six parameters including monocytes/leucocytes, leucocytes phagocytic rate, interleukin-2, interferon-α, lysozyme and immunoglobulin M exhibited a generally similar variation trend: highest in the control, second in the ESI and lowest in the LSI throughout the entire experiment. In view of the infection level of V. parahaemolyticus to H. erectus is largely decided by the seahorse's own immune capacity, therefore, these immune parameters were high in the non- or slightly infected seahorses, and low in the severely infected individuals may be an indicator for immune level. These immune parameters may be reliable indicators for the juvenile and broodstock quality assessment. Moreover, clarification of the enteritis pathogen also provides guidances for targeted medicine choice for the lined seahorse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lin
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Dong Zhang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, PR China.
| | - Xin Liu
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Dongxue Xiao
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, PR China
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Wang J, Yang X, Wang J, Xu C, Zhang W, Liu R, Zong W. Probing the binding interaction between cadmium(ii) chloride and lysozyme. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02911b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Key binding sites influencing lysozyme activity when interacting with CdCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China–America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Xinping Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China–America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Jinhu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China–America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China–America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Wandi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China–America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China–America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Population, Resources and Environment
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- P. R. China
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Jasinska EJ, Goss GG, Gillis PL, Van Der Kraak GJ, Matsumoto J, de Souza Machado AA, Giacomin M, Moon TW, Massarsky A, Gagné F, Servos MR, Wilson J, Sultana T, Metcalfe CD. Assessment of biomarkers for contaminants of emerging concern on aquatic organisms downstream of a municipal wastewater discharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 530-531:140-153. [PMID: 26026416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including pharmaceuticals, personal care products and estrogens, are detected in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges. However, analytical monitoring of wastewater and surface water does not indicate whether CECs are affecting the organisms downstream. In this study, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and freshwater mussels Pyganodon grandis Say, 1829 (synonym: Anodonta grandis Say, 1829) were caged for 4 weeks in the North Saskatchewan River, upstream and downstream of the discharge from the WWTP that serves the Edmonton, AB, Canada. Passive samplers deployed indicated that concentrations of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, an estrogen (estrone) and an androgen (androstenedione) were elevated at sites downstream of the WWTP discharge. Several biomarkers of exposure were significantly altered in the tissues of caged fathead minnows and freshwater mussels relative to the upstream reference sites. Biomarkers altered in fish included induction of CYP3A metabolism, an increase in vitellogenin (Vtg) gene expression in male minnows, elevated ratios of oxidized to total glutathione (i.e. GSSG/TGSH), and an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (i.e. glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase). In mussels, there were no significant changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress and the levels of Vtg-like proteins were reduced, not elevated, indicating a generalized stress response. Immune function was altered in mussels, as indicated by elevated lysosomal activity per hemocyte in P. grandis caged closest to the wastewater discharge. This immune response may be due to exposure to bacterial pathogens in the wastewater. Multivariate analysis indicated a response to the CECs Carbamazepine (CBZ) and Trimethoprim (TPM). Overall, these data indicate that there is a 1 km zone of impact for aquatic organisms downstream of WWTP discharge. However, multiple stressors in municipal wastewater make measurement and interpretation of impact of CECs difficult since water temperature, conductivity and bacteria are also inducing biomarker responses in both fish and mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta J Jasinska
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Marina Giacomin
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Thomas W Moon
- Department of Biology and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrey Massarsky
- Department of Biology and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Francois Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tamanna Sultana
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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Turkowska E, Adamska I, Niedziolka S, Majewski PM, Skwarlo-Sonta K. Seasonality of inflammation in the chicken: clock vs. melatonin control over the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene transcription. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1073486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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40
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Sakr OS, Jordan O, Borchard G. Sustained protein release from hydrogel microparticles using layer-by-layer (LbL) technology. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2747-2755. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1069422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar S. Sakr
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Geneva-Lausanne, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Jordan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Geneva-Lausanne, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Geneva-Lausanne, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wu Q, Zhang H, Sun T, Zhang B, Liu R. Probing the toxic mechanism of Ag⁺ with lysozyme. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 151:124-130. [PMID: 26125992 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver (Ag) is widely used in human activities, which provides possibilities to distribute in organisms and tissues, resulting in harmful effects on human health. In this work, lysozyme was chosen as the target molecule to study the mechanism of toxic interactions between Ag(+) and protein using fluorescence emission spectra, synchronous fluorescence spectra, UV-vis absorption spectra, circular dichroism (CD) spectra, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and enzyme activity assay. The results of fluorescence emission and synchronous fluorescence showed that there were interactions between Ag(+) and lysozyme by eliminating the inner filter effect (IFE). Data from UV-vis spectra indicated that the frame structure of lysozyme became looser with Ag(+) existent, while the micro-environment of aromatic amino acid residues did not show any significant alteration. CD results suggested that the secondary structure of lysozyme presented a decrease in α-helix contents with the increasing amount of Ag(+). ITC results showed Ag(+) can spontaneously bind with lysozyme through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces with one binding site (Ka=1.93×10(6)). The lysozyme activity was inhibited by Ag(+) according to the enzyme activity assay, revealing that Ag(+) bound to lysozyme at the active site which resulted in inhibition of lysozyme activity. This work showed that Ag(+) can cause damages to the structure and function of lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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42
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Toro TB, Nguyen TP, Watt TJ. An improved 96-well turbidity assay for T4 lysozyme activity. MethodsX 2015; 2:256-62. [PMID: 26150996 PMCID: PMC4487725 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T4 lysozyme (T4L) is an important model system for investigating the relationship between protein structure and function. Despite being extensively studied, a reliable, quantitative activity assay for T4L has not been developed. Here, we present an improved T4L turbidity assay as well as an affinity-based T4L expression and purification protocol. This assay is designed for 96-well format and utilizes conditions amenable for both T4L and other lysozymes. This protocol enables easy, efficient, and quantitative characterization of T4L variants and allows comparison between different lysozymes. Our method: Is applicable for all lysozymes, with enhanced sensitivity for T4 lysozyme compared to other 96-well plate turbidity assays; Utilizes standardized conditions for comparing T4 lysozyme variants and other lysozymes; and Incorporates a simplified expression and purification protocol for T4 lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha B Toro
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, United States
| | - Thao P Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, United States
| | - Terry J Watt
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, United States
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43
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Dostal SM, Fang Y, Guerrette JC, Scanlon TC, Griswold KE. Genetically enhanced lysozyme evades a pathogen derived inhibitory protein. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1110-7. [PMID: 25607237 DOI: 10.1021/cb500976y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The accelerating spread of drug-resistant bacteria is creating demand for novel antibiotics. Bactericidal enzymes, such as human lysozyme (hLYZ), are interesting drug candidates due to their inherent catalytic nature and lack of susceptibility to the resistance mechanisms typically directed toward chemotherapeutics. However, natural antibacterial enzymes have their own limitations. For example, hLYZ is susceptible to pathogen derived inhibitory proteins, such as Escherichia coli Ivy. Here, we describe proof of concept studies demonstrating that hLYZ can be effectively redesigned to evade this potent lysozyme inhibitor. Large combinatorial libraries of hLYZ were analyzed using an innovative screening platform based on microbial coculture in hydrogel microdroplets. Isolated hLYZ variants were orders of magnitude less susceptible to E. coli Ivy yet retained high catalytic proficiency and inherent antibacterial activity. Interestingly, the engineered escape variants showed a disadvantageous increase in susceptibility to the related Ivy ortholog from Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as an unrelated E. coli inhibitory protein, MliC. Thus, while we have achieved our original objective with respect to escaping E. coli Ivy, engineering hLYZ for broad-spectrum evasion of proteinaceous inhibitors will require consideration of the complex and varied determinants that underlie molecular recognition by these emerging virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Dostal
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Yongliang Fang
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Guerrette
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Thomas C. Scanlon
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Karl E. Griswold
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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44
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Schiffer D, Verient V, Luschnig D, Blokhuis‐Arkes MHE, Palen JVD, Gamerith C, Burnet M, Sigl E, Heinzle A, Guebitz GM. Lysozyme‐responsive polymer systems for detection of infection. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Schiffer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Graz Austria
| | | | | | | | - J. V. D. Palen
- Medical School TwenteMedisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, and Department of Research Methodology, Measurement, and Data AnalysisUniversity of Twente Enschede The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eva Sigl
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Graz Austria
| | - Andrea Heinzle
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Graz Austria
| | - Georg M. Guebitz
- Institute for Environmental BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Tulln an der Donau Austria
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45
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Jacob S, Parthuisot N, Vallat A, Ramon‐Portugal F, Helfenstein F, Heeb P. Microbiome affects egg carotenoid investment, nestling development and adult oxidative costs of reproduction in Great tits. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Jacob
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA) – Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne F‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Nathalie Parthuisot
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA) – Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne F‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Armelle Vallat
- Institute of Chemistry University of Neuchâtel Avenue de Bellevaux 51 2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Felipe Ramon‐Portugal
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA) – Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne F‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Fabrice Helfenstein
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Emile‐Argand 11 2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Philipp Heeb
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA) – Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne F‐31062 Toulouse France
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46
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Miao Y. Application of BSA-bioconjugated phosphorescence nanohybrids in protein detection in biofluids. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11691k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a cross-linking agent 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) was used to link QDs and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form a nanohybrid BSA–Mn-ZnS Room-Temperature Phosphorescence (RTP) biosensor.
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Osipovitch DC, Griswold KE. Fusion with a cell wall binding domain renders autolysin LytM a potent anti-Staphylococcus aureus agent. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 362:1-7. [PMID: 25670705 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnu035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intense efforts by the medical and pharmaceutical communities, Staphylococcus aureus continues to be a pervasive pathogen that causes a myriad of diseases and a high level of morbidity and mortality among infected patients. Thus, discovering or designing novel therapeutics able to kill both drug-resistant and drug-sensitive S. aureus remains a top priority. Bacteriolytic enzymes, mostly from phage, have shown great promise in preclinical studies, but little consideration has been given to cis-acting autolytic enzymes derived from the pathogen itself. Here, we use the S. aureus autolysin LytM as a proof of principal to demonstrate the antibacterial potential of endogenous peptidoglycan-degrading enzymes. While native LytM is only marginally bactericidal, fusion of LytM to the lysostaphin cell wall binding domain enhances its anti-staphylococcal activity approximately 540-fold, placing it on par with many phage lysins currently in preclinical development. The potential to therapeutically co-opt a pathogen's endogenous peptidoglycan recycling machinery opens the door to a previously untapped reservoir of antibacterial drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Osipovitch
- Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Karl E Griswold
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Gillis PL, Gagné F, McInnis R, Hooey TM, Choy ES, André C, Hoque ME, Metcalfe CD. The impact of municipal wastewater effluent on field-deployed freshwater mussels in the Grand River (Ontario, Canada). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:134-143. [PMID: 24115239 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To examine effects of municipal wastewater effluent (MWWE) on sentinel organisms, the authors deployed caged freshwater mussels (Lasmigona costata) in the Grand River (ON, Canada) upstream and downstream of an MWWE outfall. Passive sampling devices were deployed alongside caged mussels to confirm exposure. Biomarkers of xenobiotic biotransformation, oxidative stress, estrogenicity, and immunomodulation were investigated. Elevated concentrations of selected pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and a natural estrogen (estrone) were found at the downstream sites. Mussels caged downstream of the effluent for 2 wk showed minimal evidence of exposure, while those deployed for 4 wk exhibited significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, demonstrating that MWWE-exposed mussels exhibit increased activity in xenobiotic conjugation and oxidative stress. With respect to immune responses, a significant increase in plasma lysozyme activity and hemocyte viability was observed in MWWE-exposed mussels. Vitellogenin (vtg)-like protein in male mussels showed a trend toward induction after 4 wk of deployment at the first downstream site, but mean levels were not significantly different. Discriminant function analysis indicated that mussels deployed for 4 wk upstream and downstream of the MWWE discharge could be discriminated on the basis of LPO, GST, plasma lysozyme, and vtg responses. The physiological stress observed in caged mussels indicates that wild mussels chronically exposed to MWWE in this ecosystem would also be negatively impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science & Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
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49
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Saravanan SR, Paul VD, George S, Sundarrajan S, Kumar N, Hebbur M, Kumar N, Veena A, Maheshwari U, Appaiah CB, Chidambaran M, Bhat AG, Hariharan S, Padmanabhan S. Properties and mutation studies of a bacteriophage-derived chimeric recombinant staphylolytic protein P128: Comparison to recombinant lysostaphin. BACTERIOPHAGE 2013; 3:e26564. [PMID: 24251076 DOI: 10.4161/bact.26564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
P128 is a chimeric anti-staphylococcal protein having a catalytic domain from a Staphylococcus bacteriophage K tail associated structural protein and a cell wall targeting domain from the Staphylococcus bacteriocin-lysostaphin. In this study, we disclose additional properties of P128 and compared the same with lysostaphin. While lysostaphin was found to get inactivated by heat and was inactive on its parent strain S. simulans biovar staphylolyticus, P128 was thermostable and was lytic towards S. simulans biovar staphylolyticus demonstrating a difference in their mechanism of action. Selected mutation studies of the catalytic domain of P128 showed that arginine and cysteine, at 40th and 76th positions respectively, are critical for the staphylolytic activity of P128, although these amino acids are not conserved residues. In comparison to native P128, only the R40S mutant (P301) was catalytically active on zymogram gel and had a similar secondary structure, as assessed by circular dichroism analysis and in silico modeling with similar cell binding properties. Mutation of the arginine residue at 40th position of the P128 molecule caused dramatic reduction in the Vmax (∆OD600 [mg/min]) value (nearly 270 fold) and the recombinant lysostaphin also showed lesser Vmax value (nearly 1.5 fold) in comparison to the unmodified P128 protein. The kinetic parameters such as apparent Km (KmAPP) and apparent Kcat (KcatAPP) of the native P128 protein also showed significant differences in comparison to the values observed for P301 and lysostaphin.
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50
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Weiser JR, Yueh A, Putnam D. Protein release from dihydroxyacetone-based poly(carbonate ester) matrices. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8245-53. [PMID: 23747318 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The release of therapeutics from solid polymer matrices is an important field of study in the area of controlled release. Here we report on the hydrolytic degradation of directly compressed discs comprised of statistically random polycarbonate esters based on lactic acid and dihydroxyacetone. The controlled release of two model proteins, bovine serum albumin and lysozyme, was explored using two percentage loadings (5 and 10 wt.%). A first order release pattern and a trend for faster protein release with increasing dihydroxyacetone content were observed over a time period ranging from 2.5 to 70 days. To analyze the effects of the internal polymer matrix environment on protein stability the enzymatic activity of released lysozyme was monitored. The results show a high level of enzyme activity for the polycarbonate ester ratios with more dihydroxyacetone in the backbone and at least 50% activity over the first month of release from the co-polymer ratios with more lactic acid in the backbone. Modeling of the release kinetics using the Korsmeyer-Peppas model showed a high correlation, indicating that the release of protein is a complex mechanism controlled by protein diffusion through, and erosion of, the co-polymer matrix. The outcomes show that these polycarbonate esters may be useful materials for extended controlled release of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Weiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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