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Munguía Vásquez MF, Gill CA, Riggs PK, Herring AD, Sanders JO, Riley DG. Genetic evaluation of crossbred Bos indicus cow temperament at parturition. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae022. [PMID: 38282422 PMCID: PMC10873775 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cow temperament at parturition may be mostly a measure of aggressiveness. The heritability of cow temperament at parturition in Bos taurus cows has been reported to be low. The objectives of this study were to estimate the heritability of cow temperament at parturition, conduct a genome-wide association analysis of cow temperament at the time of parturition, and estimate the correspondence of cow temperament at the time of parturition with cow productive performance and early-life temperament traits in Bos indicus crossbreds. Cow temperament was assessed from 1 to 5 indicating increasing levels of aggressiveness of cows (937 cows and 4,337 parturitions) from 2005 to 2022. Estimates of heritability and repeatability were 0.12 ± 0.024 and 0.24 ± 0.018. The estimates of proportion of phenotypic variance were 0.13 ± 0.019 and 0.02 ± 0.011 for permanent and maternal permanent environmental components, respectively. Estimates of heritability for maximum lifetime temperament score and proportions of temperament scores >1 were 0.18 ± 0.07 and 0.13 ± 0.072. Within cycles (generations), 2-yr-old cows had lower temperament score means than cows in most other age categories. There were low to moderate positive estimates of unadjusted correlation coefficients (r = 0.22 to 0.29; P < 0.05) of unadjusted temperament score with temperament measured on the same females when they were 8 mo old. There were low to moderate positive estimates of correlation coefficients (r = 0.09 to 0.37; P < 0.05) of unadjusted temperament score with calving rate, weaning rate, weaning weight per cow exposed, and weaning weight per 454 kg cow weight at weaning. Cows with the lowest temperament score had lower (P < 0.05) calving and weaning rate than cows in other temperament categories. Within 3 of 5 cycles, cows with the lowest temperament score (totally docile) had lower (P < 0.05) weaning weight per cow exposed than cows in other temperament categories. There were 2 SNP on BTA 4 associated with maximum lifetime temperament score (FDR < 0.05). The non-genetic influence of a cow's mother was documented in her own temperament measured at the time of calving; this may be a consequence of learned behavior. Less aggressiveness displayed by cows at the time of calving may be accompanied by lower reproductive and maternal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Munguía Vásquez
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA, , +1 (979) 845-2667
| | - Clare A Gill
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA, , +1 (979) 845-2667
| | - Penny K Riggs
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA, , +1 (979) 845-2667
| | - Andy D Herring
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA, , +1 (979) 845-2667
| | - James O Sanders
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David G Riley
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Rai S, Leydier L, Sharma S, Katwala J, Sahu A. A quest for genetic causes underlying signaling pathways associated with neural tube defects. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1126209. [PMID: 37284286 PMCID: PMC10241075 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1126209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious congenital deformities of the nervous system that occur owing to the failure of normal neural tube closures. Genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to the etiology of neural tube defects in humans, indicating the role of gene-gene and gene-environment interaction in the occurrence and recurrence risk of neural tube defects. Several lines of genetic studies on humans and animals demonstrated the role of aberrant genes in the developmental risk of neural tube defects and also provided an understanding of the cellular and morphological programs that occur during embryonic development. Other studies observed the effects of folate and supplementation of folic acid on neural tube defects. Hence, here we review what is known to date regarding altered genes associated with specific signaling pathways resulting in NTDs, as well as highlight the role of various genetic, and non-genetic factors and their interactions that contribute to NTDs. Additionally, we also shine a light on the role of folate and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Rai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Larissa Leydier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Jigar Katwala
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Anurag Sahu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kwak J, Shin D. Gene-Nutrient Interactions in Obesity: COBLL1 Genetic Variants Interact with Dietary Fat Intake to Modulate the Incidence of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043758. [PMID: 36835164 PMCID: PMC9959357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The COBLL1 gene is associated with leptin, a hormone important for appetite and weight maintenance. Dietary fat is a significant factor in obesity. This study aimed to determine the association between COBLL1 gene, dietary fat, and incidence of obesity. Data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were used, and 3055 Korean adults aged ≥ 40 years were included. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. Patients with obesity at baseline were excluded. The effects of the COBLL1 rs6717858 genotypes and dietary fat on incidence of obesity were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. During an average follow-up period of 9.2 years, 627 obesity cases were documented. In men, the hazard ratio (HR) for obesity was higher in CT, CC carriers (minor allele carriers) in the highest tertile of dietary fat intake than for men with TT carriers in the lowest tertile of dietary fat intake (Model 1: HR: 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-2.58; Model 2: HR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.04-2.56). In women, the HR for obesity was higher in TT carriers in the highest tertile of dietary fat intake than for women with TT carriers in the lowest tertile of dietary fat intake (Model 1: HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.08-2.06; Model 2: HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.10-2.13). COBLL1 genetic variants and dietary fat intake had different sex-dependent effects in obesity. These results imply that a low-fat diet may protect against the effects of COBLL1 genetic variants on future obesity risk.
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Lansdon LA, Dickinson A, Arlis S, Liu H, Hlas A, Hahn A, Bonde G, Long A, Standley J, Tyryshkina A, Wehby G, Lee NR, Daack-Hirsch S, Mohlke K, Girirajan S, Darbro BW, Cornell RA, Houston DW, Murray JC, Manak JR. Genome-wide analysis of copy-number variation in humans with cleft lip and/or cleft palate identifies COBLL1, RIC1, and ARHGEF38 as clefting genes. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:71-91. [PMID: 36493769 PMCID: PMC9892779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common birth defect with a complex, heterogeneous etiology. It is well established that common and rare sequence variants contribute to the formation of CL/P, but the contribution of copy-number variants (CNVs) to cleft formation remains relatively understudied. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a large-scale comparative analysis of genome-wide CNV profiles of 869 individuals from the Philippines and 233 individuals of European ancestry with CL/P with three primary goals: first, to evaluate whether differences in CNV number, amount of genomic content, or amount of coding genomic content existed within clefting subtypes; second, to assess whether CNVs in our cohort overlapped with known Mendelian clefting loci; and third, to identify unestablished Mendelian clefting genes. Significant differences in CNVs across cleft types or in individuals with non-syndromic versus syndromic clefts were not observed; however, several CNVs in our cohort overlapped with known syndromic and non-syndromic Mendelian clefting loci. Moreover, employing a filtering strategy relying on population genetics data that rare variants are on the whole more deleterious than common variants, we identify several CNV-associated gene losses likely driving non-syndromic clefting phenotypes. By prioritizing genes deleted at a rare frequency across multiple individuals with clefts yet enriched in our cohort of individuals with clefts compared to control subjects, we identify COBLL1, RIC1, and ARHGEF38 as clefting genes. CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis of these genes in Xenopus laevis and Danio rerio yielded craniofacial dysmorphologies, including clefts analogous to those seen in human clefting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Lansdon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | | | - Sydney Arlis
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Arman Hlas
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alyssa Hahn
- Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Greg Bonde
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Abby Long
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer Standley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - George Wehby
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nanette R Lee
- Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | | | - Karen Mohlke
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | | | - Benjamin W Darbro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robert A Cornell
- Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Douglas W Houston
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - J Robert Manak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Sun C, Förster F, Gutsmann B, Moulla Y, Stroh C, Dietrich A, Schön MR, Gärtner D, Lohmann T, Dressler M, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Kovacs P, Breitfeld J, Guiu-Jurado E. Metabolic Effects of the Waist-To-Hip Ratio Associated Locus GRB14/COBLL1 Are Related to GRB14 Expression in Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158558. [PMID: 35955692 PMCID: PMC9369072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GRB14/COBLL1 locus has been shown to be associated with body fat distribution (FD), but neither the causal gene nor its role in metabolic diseases has been elucidated. We hypothesize that GRB14/COBLL1 may act as the causal genes for FD-related SNPs (rs10195252 and rs6738627), and that they may be regulated by SNP to effect obesity-related metabolic traits. We genotyped rs10195252 and rs6738627 in 2860 subjects with metabolic phenotypes. In a subgroup of 560 subjects, we analyzed GRB14/COBLL1 gene expression in paired visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) samples. Mediation analyses were used to determine the causal relationship between SNPs, AT GRB14/COBLL1 mRNA expression, and obesity-related traits. In vitro gene knockdown of Grb14/Cobll1 was used to test their role in adipogenesis. Both gene expressions in AT are correlated with waist circumference. Visceral GRB14 mRNA expression is associated with FPG and HbA1c. Both SNPs are associated with triglycerides, FPG, and leptin levels. Rs10195252 is associated with HbA1c and seems to be mediated by visceral AT GRB14 mRNA expression. Our data support the role of the GRB14/COBLL1 gene expression in body FD and its locus in metabolic sequelae: in particular, lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis, which is likely mediated by AT GRB14 transcript levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (F.F.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Franz Förster
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (F.F.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Beate Gutsmann
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (F.F.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Yusef Moulla
- Clinic for Visceral, Transplantation and Thorax and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (Y.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Christine Stroh
- Departement of Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera Str.d. Friedens 122, 07548 Gera, Germany;
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Clinic for Visceral, Transplantation and Thorax and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (Y.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Michael R. Schön
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Clinic of Visceral Surgery, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (M.R.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniel Gärtner
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Clinic of Visceral Surgery, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (M.R.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Tobias Lohmann
- Municipal Clinic Dresden-Neustadt, 01129 Dresden, Germany; (T.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Miriam Dressler
- Municipal Clinic Dresden-Neustadt, 01129 Dresden, Germany; (T.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (F.F.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (F.F.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (F.F.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Jana Breitfeld
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (F.F.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Esther Guiu-Jurado
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (F.F.); (B.G.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Biomarker Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease Unraveled through In Silico Differential Gene Expression Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051165. [PMID: 35626321 PMCID: PMC9139748 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is neurodegeneration that accounts for 60–70% of dementia cases. Symptoms begin with mild memory difficulties and evolve towards cognitive impairment. The underlying risk factors remain primarily unclear for this heterogeneous disorder. Bioinformatics is a relevant research tool that allows for identifying several pathways related to AD. Open-access databases of RNA microarrays from the peripheral blood and brain of AD patients were analyzed after background correction and data normalization; the Limma package was used for differential expression analysis (DEA) through statistical R programming language. Data were corrected with the Benjamini and Hochberg approach, and genes with p-values equal to or less than 0.05 were considered to be significant. The direction of the change in gene expression was determined by its variation in the log2-fold change between healthy controls and patients. We performed the functional enrichment analysis of GO using goana and topGO-Limma. The functional enrichment analysis of DEGs showed upregulated (UR) pathways: behavior, nervous systems process, postsynapses, enzyme binding; downregulated (DR) were cellular component organization, RNA metabolic process, and signal transduction. Lastly, the intersection of DEGs in the three databases showed eight shared genes between brain and blood, with potential use as AD biomarkers for blood tests.
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Nychyk O, Galea GL, Molè M, Savery D, Greene NDE, Stanier P, Copp AJ. Vangl2-environment interaction causes severe neural tube defects, without abnormal neuroepithelial convergent extension. Dis Model Mech 2021; 15:273565. [PMID: 34842271 PMCID: PMC8807581 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling is vital for initiation of mouse neurulation, with diminished convergent extension (CE) cell movements leading to craniorachischisis, a severe neural tube defect (NTD). Some humans with NTDs also have PCP gene mutations but these are heterozygous, not homozygous as in mice. Other genetic or environmental factors may interact with partial loss of PCP function in human NTDs. We found that reduced sulfation of glycosaminoglycans interacts with heterozygosity for the Lp allele of Vangl2 (a core PCP gene), to cause craniorachischisis in cultured mouse embryos, with rescue by exogenous sulphate. We hypothesised this glycosaminoglycan-PCP interaction may regulate CE but, surprisingly, DiO labeling of the embryonic node demonstrates no abnormality of midline axial extension in sulfation-depleted Lp/+ embryos. Positive-control Lp/Lp embryos show severe CE defects. Abnormalities were detected in the size and shape of somites that flank the closing neural tube in sulfation-depleted Lp/+ embryos. We conclude that failure of closure initiation can arise by a mechanism other than faulty neuroepithelial CE, with possible involvement of matrix-mediated somite expansion, adjacent to the closing neural tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Nychyk
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Research Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Gabriel L Galea
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Research Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Matteo Molè
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Research Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dawn Savery
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Research Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Research Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Philip Stanier
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Research Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Ortiz-Cruz G, Aguayo-Gómez A, Luna-Muñoz L, Muñoz-Téllez LA, Mutchinick OM. Myelomeningocele genotype-phenotype correlation findings in cilia, HH, PCP, and WNT signaling pathways. Birth Defects Res 2021; 113:371-381. [PMID: 33470056 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most severe and frequent type of spina bifida. Its etiology remains poorly understood. The Hedgehog (Hh), Wnt, and planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathways are essential for normal tube closure, needing a structural-functional cilium for its adequate function. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of different gene variants (GV) from those pathways on MMC genotype-subphenotype correlations. METHODS The study comprised 500 MMC trios and 500 controls, from 16 Telethon centers of 16 Mexican states. Thirty-four GVs of 29 genes from cilia, Hh, PCP, and Wnt pathways, were analyzed, by an Illumina on design microarray. The total sample (T-MMC) was stratified in High-MMC (H-MMC) when thoracic and Low-MMC (L-MMC) when lumbar-sacral vertebrae affected. STATA/SE-12.1 and PLINK software were used for allelic association, TDT, and gene-gene interaction (GGI) analyses, considering p value <.01 as statistically significant differences (SSD). RESULTS Association analysis showed SSD for COBL-rs10230120, DVL2-rs2074216, PLCB4-rs6077510 GVs in T-MMC and L-MMC, and VANGL2-rs120886448 in T-MMC and H-MMC, and INVS-rs7024375 exclusively in L-MMC. TDT assay showed SSD preferential transmissions of C2CD3-rs826058 in H-MMC, and LRP5-rs3736228, and BBS2-rs1373 in L-MMC. Statistically significant GGI was observed in four in T-MMC, four completely different in L-MMC, and one in H-MMC. Interestingly, no one repeated in subphenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our results support an association of GVs in Hh, Wnt, PCP, and cilia pathways, with MMC occurrence location, although further validation is needed. Furthermore, present results show a distinctive panel of gene-variants in H-MMC and LMMC subphenotypes, suggesting a feasible genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ortiz-Cruz
- Department of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Aguayo-Gómez
- Department of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Leonora Luna-Muñoz
- Department of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Muñoz-Téllez
- Department of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Osvaldo M Mutchinick
- Department of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
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Cracknell T, Mannsverk S, Nichols A, Dowle A, Blanco G. Proteomic resolution of IGFN1 complexes reveals a functional interaction with the actin nucleating protein COBL. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112179. [PMID: 32768501 PMCID: PMC7584501 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Igfn1 gene produces multiple proteins by alternative splicing predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle. Igfn1 deficient clones derived from C2C12 myoblasts show reduced fusion index and morphological differences compared to control myotubes. Here, we first show that G:F actin ratios are significantly higher in differentiating IGFN1-deficient C2C12 myoblasts, suggesting that fusion and differentiation defects are underpinned by deficient actin remodelling. We obtained pull-downs from skeletal muscle with IGFN1 fragments and applied a proteomics approach. The proteomic composition of IGFN1 complexes identified the cytoskeleton and an association with the proteasome as the main networks. The actin nucleating protein COBL was selected for further validation. COBL is expressed in C2C12 myoblasts from the first stages of myoblast fusion but not in proliferating cells. COBL is also expressed in adult muscle and, as IGFN1, localizes to the Z-disc. We show that IGFN1 interacts, stabilizes and colocalizes with COBL and prevents the ability of COBL to form actin ruffles in COS7 cells. COBL loss of function C2C12-derived clones are able to fuse, therefore indicating that COBL or the IGFN1/COBL interaction are not essential for myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steinar Mannsverk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angus Nichols
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO32 5UQ, UK
| | - Adam Dowle
- Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO32 5UQ, UK
| | - Gonzalo Blanco
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO32 5UQ, UK.
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10
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Biber G, Ben-Shmuel A, Sabag B, Barda-Saad M. Actin regulators in cancer progression and metastases: From structure and function to cytoskeletal dynamics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 356:131-196. [PMID: 33066873 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a central factor contributing to various hallmarks of cancer. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence demonstrating the involvement of actin regulatory proteins in malignancy, and their dysregulation was shown to predict poor clinical prognosis. Although enhanced cytoskeletal activity is often associated with cancer progression, the expression of several inducers of actin polymerization is remarkably reduced in certain malignancies, and it is not completely clear how these changes promote tumorigenesis and metastases. The complexities involved in cytoskeletal induction of cancer progression therefore pose considerable difficulties for therapeutic intervention; it is not always clear which cytoskeletal regulator should be targeted in order to impede cancer progression, and whether this targeting may inadvertently enhance alternative invasive pathways which can aggravate tumor growth. The entire constellation of cytoskeletal machineries in eukaryotic cells are numerous and complex; the system is comprised of and regulated by hundreds of proteins, which could not be covered in a single review. Therefore, we will focus here on the actin cytoskeleton, which encompasses the biological machinery behind most of the key cellular functions altered in cancer, with specific emphasis on actin nucleating factors and nucleation-promoting factors. Finally, we discuss current therapeutic strategies for cancer which aim to target the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Biber
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - A Ben-Shmuel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - B Sabag
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - M Barda-Saad
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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11
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Abstract
During embryonic development, the central nervous system forms as the neural plate and then rolls into a tube in a complex morphogenetic process known as neurulation. Neural tube defects (NTDs) occur when neurulation fails and are among the most common structural birth defects in humans. The frequency of NTDs varies greatly anywhere from 0.5 to 10 in 1000 live births, depending on the genetic background of the population, as well as a variety of environmental factors. The prognosis varies depending on the size and placement of the lesion and ranges from death to severe or moderate disability, and some NTDs are asymptomatic. This chapter reviews how mouse models have contributed to the elucidation of the genetic, molecular, and cellular basis of neural tube closure, as well as to our understanding of the causes and prevention of this devastating birth defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene E Zohn
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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12
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Direct effects of Ca2+/calmodulin on actin filament formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:355-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Haag N, Schüler S, Nietzsche S, Hübner CA, Strenzke N, Qualmann B, Kessels MM. The Actin Nucleator Cobl Is Critical for Centriolar Positioning, Postnatal Planar Cell Polarity Refinement, and Function of the Cochlea. Cell Rep 2018; 24:2418-2431.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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14
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Ependymal cilia beating induces an actin network to protect centrioles against shear stress. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2279. [PMID: 29891944 PMCID: PMC5996024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated ependymal cells line all brain cavities. The beating of their motile cilia contributes to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which is required for brain homoeostasis and functions. Motile cilia, nucleated from centrioles, persist once formed and withstand the forces produced by the external fluid flow and by their own cilia beating. Here, we show that a dense actin network around the centrioles is induced by cilia beating, as shown by the disorganisation of the actin network upon impairment of cilia motility. Moreover, disruption of the actin network, or specifically of the apical actin network, causes motile cilia and their centrioles to detach from the apical surface of ependymal cell. In conclusion, cilia beating controls the apical actin network around centrioles; the mechanical resistance of this actin network contributes, in turn, to centriole stability. Ependymal ciliary beating contributes to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles and these cilia resist the flow forces. Here the authors show that the assembly of a dense actin network around the centrioles is induced by cilia beating to protect centrioles against the shear stress generated by ciliary motility.
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15
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Zhao P, Mao B, Cai X, Jiang J, Liu Z, Lin J, He X. 2q24 deletion in a 9-month old girl with anal atresia, hearing impairment, and hypotonia. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 109:96-100. [PMID: 29728193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of 2q24.2 is a rare cytogenetic aberration in patients, exhibiting heterogeneous clinical features, and common phenotypes included developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and mild dysmorphic features. Hearing impairment and anal atresia are rarely described. Here we described a 9-month-old female patient with hypotonia in all four limbs, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. In addition, congenital anal atresia was diagnosed and treated after birth, and hearing impairment was found in right ear. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) array detected a 5.2 Mb deletion on 2q24.2q24.3, including 19 genes (ITGB6; TBR1; SLC4A10; KCNH7 SCN3A; SCN2A et al.). Among these genes, it is affirmative that TBR1 is a causative gene for intellectual disability; however, the pathogenic genes of other phenotypes remain unclear. We briefly review the knowledge of genes likely involved in these clinical features, including hearing impairment, anal atresia, and developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Bing Mao
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China; Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 430016, China
| | - Xiaonan Cai
- Clinical Research Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 430016, China
| | - Zhisheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China; Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 430016, China.
| | - Jun Lin
- EEG Room, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 430016, China.
| | - Xuelian He
- Clinical Research Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China.
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16
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Ishida M, Cullup T, Boustred C, James C, Docker J, English C, Lench N, Copp AJ, Moore GE, Greene NDE, Stanier P. A targeted sequencing panel identifies rare damaging variants in multiple genes in the cranial neural tube defect, anencephaly. Clin Genet 2018; 93:870-879. [PMID: 29205322 PMCID: PMC5887939 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) affecting the brain (anencephaly) are lethal before or at birth, whereas lower spinal defects (spina bifida) may lead to lifelong neurological handicap. Collectively, NTDs rank among the most common birth defects worldwide. This study focuses on anencephaly, which despite having a similar frequency to spina bifida and being the most common type of NTD observed in mouse models, has had more limited inclusion in genetic studies. A genetic influence is strongly implicated in determining risk of NTDs and a molecular diagnosis is of fundamental importance to families both in terms of understanding the origin of the condition and for managing future pregnancies. Here we used a custom panel of 191 NTD candidate genes to screen 90 patients with cranial NTDs (n = 85 anencephaly and n = 5 craniorachischisis) with a targeted exome sequencing platform. After filtering and comparing to our in‐house control exome database (N = 509), we identified 397 rare variants (minor allele frequency, MAF < 1%), 21 of which were previously unreported and predicted damaging. This included 1 frameshift (PDGFRA), 2 stop‐gained (MAT1A; NOS2) and 18 missense variations. Together with evidence for oligogenic inheritance, this study provides new information on the possible genetic causation of anencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishida
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - T Cullup
- Great Ormond Street Hospital North East Thames Regional Genetics Service Laboratories, London, UK
| | - C Boustred
- Great Ormond Street Hospital North East Thames Regional Genetics Service Laboratories, London, UK
| | - C James
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Docker
- Great Ormond Street Hospital North East Thames Regional Genetics Service Laboratories, London, UK
| | - C English
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Lench
- Great Ormond Street Hospital North East Thames Regional Genetics Service Laboratories, London, UK.,Congenica Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - A J Copp
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - G E Moore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - N D E Greene
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Stanier
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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17
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Izadi M, Schlobinski D, Lahr M, Schwintzer L, Qualmann B, Kessels MM. Cobl-like promotes actin filament formation and dendritic branching using only a single WH2 domain. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:211-230. [PMID: 29233863 PMCID: PMC5748978 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Local actin filament formation powers the development of the signal-receiving arbor of neurons. In this study, Izadi et al. demonstrate that Cobl-like, which bears only a single WH2 domain, mediates dendritic branching by coordinating with the F-actin–binding protein Abp1 in a Ca2+/CaM-controlled manner to control actin dynamics. Local actin filament formation powers the development of the signal-receiving arbor of neurons that underlies neuronal network formation. Yet, little is known about the molecules that drive these processes and may functionally connect them to the transient calcium pulses observed in restricted areas in the forming dendritic arbor. Here we demonstrate that Cordon-Bleu (Cobl)–like, an uncharacterized protein suggested to represent a very distantly related, evolutionary ancestor of the actin nucleator Cobl, despite having only a single G-actin–binding Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein Homology 2 (WH2) domain, massively promoted the formation of F-actin–rich membrane ruffles of COS-7 cells and of dendritic branches of neurons. Cobl-like hereby integrates WH2 domain functions with those of the F-actin–binding protein Abp1. Cobl-like–mediated dendritic branching is dependent on Abp1 as well as on Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) signaling and CaM association. Calcium signaling leads to a promotion of complex formation with Cobl-like’s cofactor Abp1. Thus, Ca2+/CaM control of actin dynamics seems to be a much more broadly used principle in cell biology than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Izadi
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Schlobinski
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Lahr
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwintzer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Britta Qualmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael M Kessels
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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18
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Plešingerová H, Janovská P, Mishra A, Smyčková L, Poppová L, Libra A, Plevová K, Ovesná P, Radová L, Doubek M, Pavlová Š, Pospíšilová Š, Bryja V. Expression of COBLL1 encoding novel ROR1 binding partner is robust predictor of survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2017; 103:313-324. [PMID: 29122990 PMCID: PMC5792276 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.178699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a disease with up-regulated expression of the transmembrane tyrosine-protein kinase ROR1, a member of the Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway. In this study, we identified COBLL1 as a novel interaction partner of ROR1. COBLL1 shows clear bimodal expression with high levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with mutated IGHV and approximately 30% of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with unmutated IGHV. In the remaining 70% of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with unmutated IGHV, COBLL1 expression is low. Importantly, chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with unmutated IGHV and high COBLL1 have an unfavorable disease course with short overall survival and time to second treatment. COBLL1 serves as an independent molecular marker for overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with unmutated IGHV. In addition, chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with unmutated IGHV and high COBLL1 show impaired motility and chemotaxis towards CCL19 and CXCL12 as well as enhanced B-cell receptor signaling pathway activation demonstrated by increased PLCγ2 and SYK phosphorylation after IgM stimulation. COBLL1 expression also changes during B-cell maturation in non-malignant secondary lymphoid tissue with a higher expression in germinal center B cells than naïve and memory B cells. Our data thus suggest COBLL1 involvement not only in chronic lymphocytic leukemia but also in B-cell development. In summary, we show that expression of COBLL1, encoding novel ROR1-binding partner, defines chronic lymphocytic leukemia subgroups with a distinct response to microenvironmental stimuli, and independently predicts survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with unmutated IGHV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Plešingerová
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Janovská
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Archana Mishra
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Smyčková
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Poppová
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Libra
- Generi Biotech, s.r.o., Hradec Králové, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Plevová
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesná
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pavlová
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pospíšilová
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic .,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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19
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Highet AR, Bianco-Miotto T, Pringle KG, Peura A, Bent S, Zhang J, Nottle MB, Thompson JG, Roberts CT. A novel embryo culture media supplement that improves pregnancy rates in mice. Reproduction 2017; 153:327-340. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The preimplantation embryoinvivois exposed to numerous growth factors in the female reproductive tract, which are not recapitulated in embryo culture mediain vitro. The IGF2 and plasminogen activator systems facilitate blastocyst development. We hypothesized that the addition of IGF2 in combination with urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen could improve rates of blastocyst hatching and implantation in mice. B6BcF1 and CBAB6F2 mouse embryos were divided into one of four supplemented culture media treatment groups: (1) control (media only); (2) 12.5 nM IGF2; (3) 10 µg/mL uPA and 5 µg/mL plasminogen; or (4) a combination of IGF2, uPA and plasminogen treatments. Embryo development to blastocyst stage and hatching were assessed before transfer to pseudopregnant recipient females and implantation, pregnancy rates and postnatal growth were assessed. After 90.5 h of culture, IGF2 + U + P treatment increased the percentage of B6BcF1 embryos that were hatching/hatched and percentage developing to blastocyst stage compared with controls (P < 0.02). Following B6BcF1 embryo transfer, IGF2 + U + P treatment increased implantation sites at day 8 of pregnancy compared with controls (P < 0.05). Replication in the CBAB6F2 mouse strain showed significant improvements in pregnancy rates at days 8 and 18 but not in blastocyst development. No adverse effects were seen on gestational age, litter size or birthweight, or the reproductive capacity of offspring of IGF2 + U + P treated embryos. For embryos susceptible to detrimental effects ofin vitroculture, IGF2, uPA and plasminogen supplementation of culture media can improve pregnancy success, but the effect of treatment is dependent on the mouse strain.
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20
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Bryant SA, Herdy JR, Amemiya CT, Smith JJ. Characterization of Somatically-Eliminated Genes During Development of the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:2337-44. [PMID: 27288344 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a basal vertebrate that undergoes developmentally programmed genome rearrangements (PGRs) during early development. These events facilitate the elimination of ∼20% of the genome from the somatic cell lineage, resulting in distinct somatic and germline genomes. Thus far only a handful of germline-specific genes have been definitively identified within the estimated 500 Mb of DNA that is deleted during PGR, although a few thousand germline-specific genes are thought to exist. To improve our understanding of the evolutionary/developmental logic of PGR, we generated computational predictions to identify candidate germline-specific genes within a new transcriptomic dataset derived from adult germline and the early embryonic stages during which PGR occurs. Follow-up validation studies identified 44 germline-specific genes and further characterized patterns of transcription and DNA loss during early embryogenesis. Expression analyses reveal that many of these genes are differentially expressed during early embryogenesis and presumably function in the early development of the germline. Ontology analyses indicate that many of these germline-specific genes play known roles in germline development, pluripotency, and oncogenesis (when misexpressed). These studies provide support for the theory that PGR serves to segregate molecular functions related to germline development/pluripotency in order to prevent their potential misexpression in somatic cells. This larger set of eliminated genes also allows us to extend the evolutionary/developmental breadth of this theory, as some deleted genes (or their gnathostome homologs) appear to be associated with the early development of somatic lineages, perhaps through the evolution of novel functions within gnathostome lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris T Amemiya
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle
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21
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Plesingerova H, Librova Z, Plevova K, Libra A, Tichy B, Skuhrova Francova H, Vrbacky F, Smolej L, Mayer J, Bryja V, Doubek M, Pospisilova S. COBLL1, LPL and ZAP70 expression defines prognostic subgroups of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with high accuracy and correlates with IGHV mutational status. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:70-79. [PMID: 27185377 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1180690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is highly variable. Patients with unmutated IGHV (U-CLL) usually progress rapidly, whereas patients with mutated IGHV (M-CLL) have a more indolent disease. The expression of several genes correlates closely with the IGHV mutational status and could be used to assess prognosis in CLL. We analyzed the prognostic relevance of COBLL1, LPL, and ZAP70 gene expression, which correlated with IGHV mutational status (p < 0.0001), in 117 CLL patients and established a prognostic parameter dividing the tested cohort according to the disease aggressiveness. Our prognostic parameter was validated on an independent cohort of 161 CLL patients and achieved a high accuracy (94%). Patients divided according to the prognostic parameter differ in overall survival and time to first treatment (p < 0.0001, HR = 2.300/5.970, 95% CI: 1.587-3.450/4.621-15.86). Our approach provides a reliable alternative method to prognosis assessment via IGHV mutational status analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Plesingerova
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Librova
- c GENERI BIOTECH s.r.o , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Karla Plevova
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Libra
- c GENERI BIOTECH s.r.o , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Boris Tichy
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Hana Skuhrova Francova
- b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Filip Vrbacky
- d 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove , University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Charles University , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Smolej
- d 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove , University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Charles University , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- e Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Brno , Czech Republic.,f Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
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Kilpeläinen TO, Carli JFM, Skowronski AA, Sun Q, Kriebel J, Feitosa MF, Hedman ÅK, Drong AW, Hayes JE, Zhao J, Pers TH, Schick U, Grarup N, Kutalik Z, Trompet S, Mangino M, Kristiansson K, Beekman M, Lyytikäinen LP, Eriksson J, Henneman P, Lahti J, Tanaka T, Luan J, Greco M FD, Pasko D, Renström F, Willems SM, Mahajan A, Rose LM, Guo X, Liu Y, Kleber ME, Pérusse L, Gaunt T, Ahluwalia TS, Ju Sung Y, Ramos YF, Amin N, Amuzu A, Barroso I, Bellis C, Blangero J, Buckley BM, Böhringer S, I Chen YD, de Craen AJN, Crosslin DR, Dale CE, Dastani Z, Day FR, Deelen J, Delgado GE, Demirkan A, Finucane FM, Ford I, Garcia ME, Gieger C, Gustafsson S, Hallmans G, Hankinson SE, Havulinna AS, Herder C, Hernandez D, Hicks AA, Hunter DJ, Illig T, Ingelsson E, Ioan-Facsinay A, Jansson JO, Jenny NS, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Karlsson M, Koenig W, Kraft P, Kwekkeboom J, Laatikainen T, Ladwig KH, LeDuc CA, Lowe G, Lu Y, Marques-Vidal P, Meisinger C, Menni C, Morris AP, Myers RH, Männistö S, Nalls MA, Paternoster L, Peters A, Pradhan AD, Rankinen T, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Rathmann W, Rice TK, Brent Richards J, Ridker PM, Sattar N, Savage DB, Söderberg S, Timpson NJ, Vandenput L, van Heemst D, Uh HW, Vohl MC, Walker M, Wichmann HE, Widén E, Wood AR, Yao J, Zeller T, Zhang Y, Meulenbelt I, Kloppenburg M, Astrup A, Sørensen TIA, Sarzynski MA, Rao DC, Jousilahti P, Vartiainen E, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Kajantie E, Osmond C, Palotie A, Eriksson JG, Heliövaara M, Knekt PB, Koskinen S, Jula A, Perola M, Huupponen RK, Viikari JS, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Mellström D, Lorentzon M, Casas JP, Bandinelli S, März W, Isaacs A, van Dijk KW, van Duijn CM, Harris TB, Bouchard C, Allison MA, Chasman DI, Ohlsson C, Lind L, Scott RA, Langenberg C, Wareham NJ, Ferrucci L, Frayling TM, Pramstaller PP, Borecki IB, Waterworth DM, Bergmann S, Waeber G, Vollenweider P, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Hu FB, Eline Slagboom P, Grallert H, Spector TD, Jukema J, Klein RJ, Schadt EE, Franks PW, Lindgren CM, Leibel RL, Loos RJF. Genome-wide meta-analysis uncovers novel loci influencing circulating leptin levels. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10494. [PMID: 26833098 PMCID: PMC4740377 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone, the circulating levels of which correlate closely with overall adiposity. Although rare mutations in the leptin (LEP) gene are well known to cause leptin deficiency and severe obesity, no common loci regulating circulating leptin levels have been uncovered. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating leptin levels from 32,161 individuals and followed up loci reaching P<10(-6) in 19,979 additional individuals. We identify five loci robustly associated (P<5 × 10(-8)) with leptin levels in/near LEP, SLC32A1, GCKR, CCNL1 and FTO. Although the association of the FTO obesity locus with leptin levels is abolished by adjustment for BMI, associations of the four other loci are independent of adiposity. The GCKR locus was found associated with multiple metabolic traits in previous GWAS and the CCNL1 locus with birth weight. Knockdown experiments in mouse adipose tissue explants show convincing evidence for adipogenin, a regulator of adipocyte differentiation, as the novel causal gene in the SLC32A1 locus influencing leptin levels. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulation of leptin production by adipose tissue and open new avenues for examining the influence of variation in leptin levels on adiposity and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, DIKU
Building, Copenhagen
2100, Denmark
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
- Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program,
Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Jayne F. Martin Carli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia
University, New York, New York
10032, USA
| | - Alicja A. Skowronski
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University,
New York, New York
10032, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachussetts
02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachussetts
02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München - German Research Center for Environmental Health,
Neuherberg
85764, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München-German Research Center for Environmental Health,
Neuherberg
85764, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD),
München-Neuherberg
85764, Germany
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
| | - Åsa K. Hedman
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University,
Uppsala
750 85, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala
University, Uppsala
751 85, Sweden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Alexander W. Drong
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
| | - James E. Hayes
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell
Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New
York, New York
10021, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tune H. Pers
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, DIKU
Building, Copenhagen
2100, Denmark
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic
and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital,
Boston, Massachussetts
02115, USA
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
2142, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum
Institut, Copenhagen
2300, Denmark
| | - Ursula Schick
- Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program,
Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, DIKU
Building, Copenhagen
2100, Denmark
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne
University Hospital, Lausanne
1010, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne
1015, Switzerland
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2333, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden
2333, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research
Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust,
London
SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kati Kristiansson
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki
FI-00271, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, Helsinki
FI-00290, Finland
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories,
Tampere
FI-33101, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School
of Medicine, Tampere
FI-33014, Finland
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal
Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,
University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
413 45, Sweden
| | - Peter Henneman
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2333, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Medical
Center, Amsterdam
1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of
Helsinki, Helsinki
FI-00014, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki
FI-00290, Finland
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on
Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
21225, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fabiola Del Greco M
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC)
- Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck,
Bolzano
39100, Italy
| | - Dorota Pasko
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical
School, University of Exeter, Exeter
EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Frida Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular
Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö
20502, Sweden
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå
University, Umeå
90187, Sweden
| | - Sara M. Willems
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC,
Rotterdam
3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lynda M. Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston, Massachussetts
02215, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical
Center, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences,
Torrance, California
90502, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences,
Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North
Carolina
27157, USA
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Vth Department of Medicine,
Heidelberg University, Mannheim
68167, Germany
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec
City, Quebec, Canada
G1V 0A6
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec
City, Quebec, Canada
G1V 0A6
| | - Tom Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and
Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS82BN, UK
| | - Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, DIKU
Building, Copenhagen
2100, Denmark
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood,
Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ledreborg
Allé, Copenhagen
DK-2820, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte
DK-2820, Denmark
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
63108, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
| | - Yolande F. Ramos
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
MC, Rotterdam
3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Amuzu
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton
CB10 1SA, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of
Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories,
Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Claire Bellis
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for
Science, Technology and Research of Singapore, Singapore
138672, Singapore
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical
Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,
Queensland
4001, Australia
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San
Antonio, Texas
78245, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San
Antonio, Texas
78245, USA
| | - Brendan M. Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College
Cork, Cork
T12 YT57, Ireland
| | - Stefan Böhringer
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical
Center, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences,
Torrance, California
90502, USA
| | - Anton J. N. de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden
2333, The Netherlands
| | - David R. Crosslin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine,
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
98195, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
98195, USA
| | - Caroline E. Dale
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Zari Dastani
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
H3A 0G4
| | - Felix R. Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Graciela E. Delgado
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Vth Department of Medicine,
Heidelberg University, Mannheim
68167, Germany
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2333, The Netherlands
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
MC, Rotterdam
3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Francis M. Finucane
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow
G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Melissa E. Garcia
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH,
Bethesda, Maryland
2089, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München - German Research Center for Environmental Health,
Neuherberg
85764, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München-German Research Center for Environmental Health,
Neuherberg
85764, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, German Research Center for Environmental Health,
Neuherberg
85764, Germany
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University,
Uppsala
750 85, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala
University, Uppsala
751 85, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå
University, Umeå
90187, Sweden
| | - Susan E. Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachussetts
02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public
Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, Massachusetts
01003, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki
FI-00271, Finland
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD),
München-Neuherberg
85764, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center,
Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
40225, Germany
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging,
Bethesda, Maryland
20892, USA
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC)
- Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck,
Bolzano
39100, Italy
| | - David J. Hunter
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan
School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München - German Research Center for Environmental Health,
Neuherberg
85764, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover
30625, Germany
- Institute for Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover
30625, Germany
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University,
Uppsala
750 85, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala
University, Uppsala
751 85, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford,
California
94305, USA
| | - Andreea Ioan-Facsinay
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2333, The Netherlands
| | - John-Olov Jansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and
Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg,
Gothenburg
41345, Sweden
| | - Nancy S. Jenny
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry Research, Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of
Medicine, Colchester, Vermont
05405, USA
| | | | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University
Hospital, Glostrup
2600, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg,
Aalborg
9100, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of
Copenhagen, Copenhagen
2200, Denmark
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department
of Clinical Sciences and Orthopaedic Surgery, Lund University, Skåne
University Hospital, Malmö
21428, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, University of
Ulm, Ulm
89081, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische
Universität München, Munich
80636, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site
Munich Heart Alliance, Munich
80539, Germany
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan
School of Public Health, Boston, Massachussetts
02115, USA
| | - Joanneke Kwekkeboom
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2333, The Netherlands
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki
FI-00271, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University
of Eastern Finland, Kuopio
FI-70211, Finland
- Hospital District of North Karelia, Joensuu
FI-80210, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Ladwig
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München-German Research Center for Environmental Health,
Neuherberg
85764, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy,
Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität
München, Munich
81675, Germany
| | - Charles A. LeDuc
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics,
Columbia University, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Gordon Lowe
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow
G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Yingchang Lu
- Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program,
Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University
Hospital, Lausanne
1011, Switzerland
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München-German Research Center for Environmental Health,
Neuherberg
85764, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD),
München-Neuherberg
85764, Germany
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool,
Liverpool
L69 3GA, UK
| | - Richard H. Myers
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, Massachussetts
02118, USA
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki
FI-00271, Finland
| | - Mike A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging,
Bethesda, Maryland
20892, USA
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and
Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS82BN, UK
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München-German Research Center for Environmental Health,
Neuherberg
85764, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD),
München-Neuherberg
85764, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site
Munich Heart Alliance, Munich
80539, Germany
| | - Aruna D. Pradhan
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston, Massachussetts
02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachussetts
02115, USA
| | - Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research
Center, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles
70808, USA
| | | | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes
Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
40225, Germany
| | - Treva K. Rice
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
63108, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
| | - J Brent Richards
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics and Epidemiology,
McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
H3A 0G4
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston, Massachussetts
02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachussetts
02115, USA
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Faculty of Medicine, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research
Centre, Glasgow
G12 8QQ, UK
| | - David B. Savage
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories,
Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology
and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå
90187, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and
Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS82BN, UK
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal
Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,
University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
413 45, Sweden
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden
2333, The Netherlands
| | - Hae-Won Uh
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec
City, Quebec, Canada
G1V 0A6
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec
City, Quebec, Canada
G1V 0A6
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University,
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Heinz-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology,
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Klinikum Grosshadern,
Munich
80336, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum
München-German Research Center for Environmental Health,
Neuherberg
85764, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical
University Munich, Munich
81675, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, Helsinki
FI-00290, Finland
| | - Andrew R. Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical
School, University of Exeter, Exeter
EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical
Center, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences,
Torrance, California
90502, USA
| | - Tanja Zeller
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner
site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg
20246, Germany
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University
Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg
20246, Germany
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics,
Columbia University, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2333, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2333, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and
Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, DIKU
Building, Copenhagen
2100, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and
Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS82BN, UK
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg
Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen
2000, Denmark
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research
Center, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles
70808, USA
| | - D. C. Rao
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
63108, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki
FI-00271, Finland
| | - Erkki Vartiainen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki
FI-00271, Finland
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC,
Rotterdam
3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC,
Rotterdam
3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC,
Rotterdam
3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC,
Rotterdam
3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC,
Rotterdam
3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki
FI-00271, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central
Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki
FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MRC Oulu, Oulu
University Central Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu
90220, Finland
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton,
Southampton General Hospital, Southampton
SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, Helsinki
FI-00290, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton
CB10 1SA, UK
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and
Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts
02114, USA
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki
FI-00271, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki
FI-00290, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki
FI-00014, Finland
| | - Markku Heliövaara
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki
FI-00271, Finland
| | - Paul B. Knekt
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki
FI-00271, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki
FI-00271, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki
FI-00271, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and
Welfare, Helsinki
FI-00271, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, Helsinki
FI-00290, Finland
- University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Centre,
Tartu
51010, Estonia
| | - Risto K. Huupponen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics,
University of Turku, Turku
FI-20520, Finland
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University
Hospital, Turku
FI-20520, Finland
| | - Jorma S. Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital,
Turku
FI-20520, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku,
Turku
FI-20520, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University
Hospital, Tampere
FI-33521, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
School of Medicine, Tampere
FI-33014, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories,
Tampere
FI-33101, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School
of Medicine, Tampere
FI-33014, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku
University Hospital, Turku
FI-2051, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular
Medicine, University of Turku, Turku
FI-20520, Finland
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal
Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,
University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
413 45, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal
Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,
University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
413 45, Sweden
| | - Juan P. Casas
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics, University College
London, London
NW1 2DA, UK
| | | | - Winfried März
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Vth Department of Medicine,
Heidelberg University, Mannheim
68167, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services LLC, Mannheim
68161, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory
Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz
8010, Austria
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
MC, Rotterdam
3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Ko W. van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2333, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
MC, Rotterdam
3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Center of Medical Systems Biology, Leiden
2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
20892, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research
Center, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles
70808, USA
| | - Matthew A. Allison
- Family and Preventive Medicine, University of
California–San Diego, La Jolla, California
92161, USA
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston, Massachussetts
02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachussetts
02115, USA
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal
Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,
University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
413 45, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology,
Uppsala University, Uppsala
75185, Sweden
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on
Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
21225, USA
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical
School, University of Exeter, Exeter
EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC)
- Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck,
Bolzano
39100, Italy
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital,
Bolzano
39100, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck,
Lübeck
23562, Germany
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
| | | | - Sven Bergmann
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne
1015, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne,
Lausanne
1015, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University
Hospital, Lausanne
1011, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University
Hospital, Lausanne
1011, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, DIKU
Building, Copenhagen
2100, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte
DK-2820, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, DIKU
Building, Copenhagen
2100, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense
5230, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, DIKU
Building, Copenhagen
2100, Denmark
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan
School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München - German Research Center for Environmental Health,
Neuherberg
85764, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München-German Research Center for Environmental Health,
Neuherberg
85764, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD),
München-Neuherberg
85764, Germany
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J.W. Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden
2333, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands,
Utrecht
3511 EP, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research,
Amsterdam
1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J. Klein
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Erik E Schadt
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachussetts
02115, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular
Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö
20502, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine,
Umeå University, Umeå
90187, Sweden
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad
Institute, Cambridge, Massachussetts
02142, USA
- The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford,
Oxford
OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Rudolph L. Leibel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics,
Columbia University, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
- Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program,
Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
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23
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Grega-Larson NE, Crawley SW, Erwin AL, Tyska MJ. Cordon bleu promotes the assembly of brush border microvilli. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3803-15. [PMID: 26354418 PMCID: PMC4626065 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-06-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvilli are actin-based protrusions that amplify plasma membrane area and mediate interactions with the extracellular environment. We found that the multifunctional actin regulator cordon bleu promotes the growth of intestinal brush border microvilli. These results provide a new framework for investigating brush border biogenesis. Microvilli are actin-based protrusions found on the surface of diverse cell types, where they amplify membrane area and mediate interactions with the external environment. In the intestinal tract, these protrusions play central roles in nutrient absorption and host defense and are therefore essential for maintaining homeostasis. However, the mechanisms controlling microvillar assembly remain poorly understood. Here we report that the multifunctional actin regulator cordon bleu (COBL) promotes the growth of brush border (BB) microvilli. COBL localizes to the base of BB microvilli via a mechanism that requires its proline-rich N-terminus. Knockdown and overexpression studies show that COBL is needed for BB assembly and sufficient to induce microvillar growth using a mechanism that requires functional WH2 domains. We also find that COBL acts downstream of the F-BAR protein syndapin-2, which drives COBL targeting to the apical domain. These results provide insight into a mechanism that regulates microvillar growth during epithelial differentiation and have significant implications for understanding the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Grega-Larson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Scott W Crawley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Amanda L Erwin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
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24
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Park JW, Jang HJ, Shin S, Cho HW, Choi JY, Kim NY, Lee HK, Do KT, Song KD, Cho BW. Molecular Analysis of Alternative Transcripts of the Equine Cordon-Bleu WH2 Repeat Protein-Like 1 (COBLL1) Gene. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:870-5. [PMID: 25925064 PMCID: PMC4412984 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the alternative splicing in equine cordon-bleu WH2 repeat protein-like 1 (COBLL1) gene that was identified in horse muscle and blood leukocytes, and to predict functional consequences of alternative splicing by bioinformatics analysis. In a previous study, RNA-seq analysis predicted the presence of alternative spliced isoforms of equine COBLL1, namely COBLL1a as a long form and COBLL1b as a short form. In this study, we validated two isoforms of COBLL1 transcripts in horse tissues by the real-time polymerase chain reaction, and cloned them for Sanger sequencing. The sequencing results showed that the alternative splicing occurs at exon 9. Prediction of protein structure of these isoforms revealed three putative phosphorylation sites at the amino acid sequences encoded in exon 9, which is deleted in COBLL1b. In expression analysis, it was found that COBLL1b was expressed ubiquitously and equivalently in all the analyzed tissues, whereas COBLL1a showed strong expression in kidney, spinal cord and lung, moderate expression in heart and skeletal muscle, and low expression in thyroid and colon. In muscle, both COBLL1a and COBLL1b expression decreased after exercise. It is assumed that the regulation of COBLL1 expression may be important for regulating glucose level or switching of energy source, possibly through an insulin signaling pathway, in muscle after exercise. Further study is warranted to reveal the functional importance of COBLL1 on athletic performance in race horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Sangsu Shin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea ; Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- Subtropical Animal Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju 690-150, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Kyong-Tak Do
- Department of Equine Sciences, Sorabol College, Gyeongju 780-711, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea ; Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
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25
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López-Escobar B, Cano DA, Rojas A, de Felipe B, Palma F, Sánchez-Alcázar JA, Henderson D, Ybot-González P. The effect of maternal diabetes on the Wnt-PCP pathway during embryogenesis as reflected in the developing mouse eye. Dis Model Mech 2014; 8:157-68. [PMID: 25540130 PMCID: PMC4314781 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.017723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryopathies that develop as a consequence of maternal diabetes have been studied intensely in both experimental and clinical scenarios. Accordingly, hyperglycaemia has been shown to downregulate the expression of elements in the non-canonical Wnt-PCP pathway, such as the Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (Daam1) and Vangl2. Daam1 is a formin that is essential for actin polymerization and for cytoskeletal reorganization, and it is expressed strongly in certain organs during mouse development, including the eye, neural tube and heart. Daam1gt/gt and Daam1gt/+ embryos develop ocular defects (anophthalmia or microphthalmia) that are similar to those detected as a result of hyperglycaemia. Indeed, studying the effects of maternal diabetes on the Wnt-PCP pathway demonstrated that there was strong association with the Daam1 genotype, whereby the embryopathy observed in Daam1gt/+ mutant embryos of diabetic dams was more severe. There was evidence that embryonic exposure to glucose in vitro diminishes the expression of genes in the Wnt-PCP pathway, leading to altered cytoskeletal organization, cell shape and cell polarity in the optic vesicle. Hence, the Wnt-PCP pathway appears to influence cell morphology and cell polarity, events that drive the cellular movements required for optic vesicle formation and that, in turn, are required to maintain the fate determination. Here, we demonstrate that the Wnt-PCP pathway is involved in the early stages of mouse eye development and that it is altered by diabetes, provoking the ocular phenotype observed in the affected embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz López-Escobar
- Grupo de Neurodesarrollo, Unidad de Gestión de Pediatría, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - David A Cano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anabel Rojas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Felipe
- Grupo de Neurodesarrollo, Unidad de Gestión de Pediatría, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Palma
- Unidad de Experimentación animal. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Deborah Henderson
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Patricia Ybot-González
- Grupo de Neurodesarrollo, Unidad de Gestión de Pediatría, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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26
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Goni L, Milagro FI, Cuervo M, Martínez JA. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and DNA methylation markers associated with central obesity and regulation of body weight. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:673-90. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
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27
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Rasson AS, Bois JS, Pham DSL, Yoo H, Quinlan ME. Filament assembly by Spire: key residues and concerted actin binding. J Mol Biol 2014; 427:824-839. [PMID: 25234086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The most recently identified class of actin nucleators, WASp homology domain 2 (WH2) nucleators, use tandem repeats of monomeric actin-binding WH2 domains to facilitate actin nucleation. WH2 domains are involved in a wide variety of actin regulatory activities. Structurally, they are expected to clash with interprotomer contacts within the actin filament. Thus, the discovery of their role in nucleation was surprising. Here we use Drosophila Spire (Spir) as a model system to investigate both how tandem WH2 domains can nucleate actin and what differentiates nucleating WH2-containing proteins from their non-nucleating counterparts. We found that the third WH2 domain in Spir (Spir-C or SC) plays a unique role. In the context of a short nucleation construct (containing only two WH2 domains), placement of SC in the N-terminal position was required for the most potent nucleation. We found that the native organization of the WH2 domains with respect to each other is necessary for binding to actin with positive cooperativity. We identified two residues within SC that are critical for its activity. Using this information, we were able to convert a weak synthetic nucleator into one with activity equal to a native Spir construct. Lastly, we found evidence that SC binds actin filaments, in addition to monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Rasson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Justin S Bois
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Duy Stephen L Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haneul Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Margot E Quinlan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Paul D. Boyer Hall, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA.
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28
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Cai DC, Fonteijn H, Guadalupe T, Zwiers M, Wittfeld K, Teumer A, Hoogman M, Arias-Vásquez A, Yang Y, Buitelaar J, Fernández G, Brunner HG, van Bokhoven H, Franke B, Hegenscheid K, Homuth G, Fisher SE, Grabe HJ, Francks C, Hagoort P. A genome-wide search for quantitative trait loci affecting the cortical surface area and thickness of Heschl's gyrus. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2014; 13:675-85. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.-C. Cai
- Institute of Psychology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - H. Fonteijn
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - M. Zwiers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Departments of Human Genetics, Psychiatry and Cognitive Neuroscience; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - K. Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | | | - M. Hoogman
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Departments of Human Genetics, Psychiatry and Cognitive Neuroscience; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - A. Arias-Vásquez
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Departments of Human Genetics, Psychiatry and Cognitive Neuroscience; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Y. Yang
- Institute of Psychology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - J. Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Departments of Human Genetics, Psychiatry and Cognitive Neuroscience; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - G. Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Departments of Human Genetics, Psychiatry and Cognitive Neuroscience; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - H. G. Brunner
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Departments of Human Genetics, Psychiatry and Cognitive Neuroscience; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - H. van Bokhoven
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Departments of Human Genetics, Psychiatry and Cognitive Neuroscience; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - B. Franke
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Departments of Human Genetics, Psychiatry and Cognitive Neuroscience; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - G. Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald
| | - S. E. Fisher
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - H. J. Grabe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Medicine Greifswald, HELIOS Hospital Stralsund; Stralsund Germany
| | - C. Francks
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - P. Hagoort
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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29
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Kraja AT, Chasman DI, North KE, Reiner AP, Yanek LR, Kilpeläinen TO, Smith JA, Dehghan A, Dupuis J, Johnson AD, Feitosa MF, Tekola-Ayele F, Chu AY, Nolte IM, Dastani Z, Morris A, Pendergrass SA, Sun YV, Ritchie MD, Vaez A, Lin H, Ligthart S, Marullo L, Rohde R, Shao Y, Ziegler MA, Im HK, Schnabel RB, Jørgensen T, Jørgensen ME, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Stolk RP, Snieder H, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Franco OH, Ikram MA, Richards JB, Rotimi C, Wilson JG, Lange L, Ganesh SK, Nalls M, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Pankow JS, Coresh J, Tang W, Linda Kao WH, Boerwinkle E, Morrison AC, Ridker PM, Becker DM, Rotter JI, Kardia SLR, Loos RJF, Larson MG, Hsu YH, Province MA, Tracy R, Voight BF, Vaidya D, O'Donnell CJ, Benjamin EJ, Alizadeh BZ, Prokopenko I, Meigs JB, Borecki IB. Pleiotropic genes for metabolic syndrome and inflammation. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 112:317-38. [PMID: 24981077 PMCID: PMC4122618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a health and financial burden worldwide. The MetS definition captures clustering of risk factors that predict higher risk for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Our study hypothesis is that additional to genes influencing individual MetS risk factors, genetic variants exist that influence MetS and inflammatory markers forming a predisposing MetS genetic network. To test this hypothesis a staged approach was undertaken. (a) We analyzed 17 metabolic and inflammatory traits in more than 85,500 participants from 14 large epidemiological studies within the Cross Consortia Pleiotropy Group. Individuals classified with MetS (NCEP definition), versus those without, showed on average significantly different levels for most inflammatory markers studied. (b) Paired average correlations between 8 metabolic traits and 9 inflammatory markers from the same studies as above, estimated with two methods, and factor analyses on large simulated data, helped in identifying 8 combinations of traits for follow-up in meta-analyses, out of 130,305 possible combinations between metabolic traits and inflammatory markers studied. (c) We performed correlated meta-analyses for 8 metabolic traits and 6 inflammatory markers by using existing GWAS published genetic summary results, with about 2.5 million SNPs from twelve predominantly largest GWAS consortia. These analyses yielded 130 unique SNPs/genes with pleiotropic associations (a SNP/gene associating at least one metabolic trait and one inflammatory marker). Of them twenty-five variants (seven loci newly reported) are proposed as MetS candidates. They map to genes MACF1, KIAA0754, GCKR, GRB14, COBLL1, LOC646736-IRS1, SLC39A8, NELFE, SKIV2L, STK19, TFAP2B, BAZ1B, BCL7B, TBL2, MLXIPL, LPL, TRIB1, ATXN2, HECTD4, PTPN11, ZNF664, PDXDC1, FTO, MC4R and TOMM40. Based on large data evidence, we conclude that inflammation is a feature of MetS and several gene variants show pleiotropic genetic associations across phenotypes and might explain a part of MetS correlated genetic architecture. These findings warrant further functional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldi T Kraja
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | - Lisa R Yanek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Division of Intramural Research and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Audrey Y Chu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Zari Dastani
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Andrew Morris
- The Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sarah A Pendergrass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eberly College of Science and The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA.
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Symen Ligthart
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Letizia Marullo
- The Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Yaming Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Mark A Ziegler
- Division of Biostatistics, MSIBS Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ronald P Stolk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Brent Richards
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Canada; Department of Twin Research, King's College, London, UK.
| | - Charles Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Leslie Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, NC, USA.
| | - Santhi K Ganesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA.
| | - Mike Nalls
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - W H Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas - Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas - Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Diane M Becker
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Martin G Larson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School and Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Russell Tracy
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Division of Intramural Research and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Cardiology and Preventive Medicine Sections, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Genomics of Common Diseases, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - James B Meigs
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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30
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Wayt J, Bretscher A. Cordon Bleu serves as a platform at the basal region of microvilli, where it regulates microvillar length through its WH2 domains. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2817-27. [PMID: 25031432 PMCID: PMC4161516 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin nucleator Cordon Bleu (Cobl) is localized to the basal region of microvilli of epithelial cells, where it regulates microvilli length through its WH2 domains. The COBL domain recruits several BAR-containing proteins, including PACSIN 2 and ASAP1, suggesting a role in coordinating microvillar structure with membrane traffic. Cordon Bleu (Cobl) is a WH2-containing protein believed to act as an actin nucleator. We show that it has a very specific localization in epithelial cells at the basal region of microvilli, a localization unlikely to be involved in actin nucleation. The protein is localized by a central region between the N-terminal COBL domain and the three C-terminal WH2 domains. Ectopic expression of Cobl shortens apical microvilli, and this requires functional WH2 domains. Proteomic studies reveal that the COBL domain binds several BAR-containing proteins, including SNX9, PACSIN 2/syndapin 2, and ASAP1. ASAP1 is recruited to the base of microvilli by binding the COBL domain through its SH3. We propose that Cobl is localized to the basal region of microvilli both to participate in length regulation and to recruit BAR proteins that associate with the curved membrane found at the microvillar base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wayt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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31
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Masser DR, Bixler GV, Brucklacher RM, Yan H, Giles CB, Wren JD, Sonntag WE, Freeman WM. Hippocampal subregions exhibit both distinct and shared transcriptomic responses to aging and nonneurodegenerative cognitive decline. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69:1311-24. [PMID: 24994846 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory with aging affects a large segment of the aged population. Hippocampal subregions (CA1, CA3, and DG) have been previously reported to express both common and specific morphological, functional, and gene/protein alterations with aging and cognitive decline. To comprehensively assess gene expression with aging and cognitive decline, transcriptomic analysis of CA1, CA3, and DG was conducted using Adult (12M) and Aged (26M) F344xBN rats behaviorally characterized by Morris water maze performance. Each subregion demonstrated a specific pattern of responses with aging and with cognitive performance. The CA1 and CA3 demonstrating the greatest degree of shared gene expression changes. Analysis of the pathways, processes, and regulators of these transcriptomic changes also exhibit a similar pattern of commonalities and differences across subregions. Gene expression changes between Aged cognitively Intact and Aged cognitively Impaired rats often showed an inversion of the changes between Adult and Aged rats. This failure to adapt rather than an exacerbation of the aging phenotype questions a conventional view that cognitive decline is exaggerated aging. These results are a resource for investigators studying cognitive decline and also demonstrate the need to individually examine hippocampal subregions in molecular analyses of aging and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R Masser
- Department of Physiology and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Georgina V Bixler
- Genome Sciences Facility, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Han Yan
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Cory B Giles
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medicine Research Foundation
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medicine Research Foundation
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Department of Physiology and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.
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32
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Bosten JM, Bargary G, Goodbourn PT, Hogg RE, Lawrance-Owen AJ, Mollon JD. Individual differences provide psychophysical evidence for separate on- and off-pathways deriving from short-wave cones. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2014; 31:A47-A54. [PMID: 24695201 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.31.000a47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Distinct neural populations carry signals from short-wave (S) cones. We used individual differences to test whether two types of pathways, those that receive excitatory input (S+) and those that receive inhibitory input (S-), contribute independently to psychophysical performance. We also conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to look for genetic correlates of the individual differences. Our psychophysical test was based on the Cambridge Color Test, but detection thresholds were measured separately for S-cone spatial increments and decrements. Our participants were 1060 healthy adults aged 16-40. Test-retest reliabilities for thresholds were good (ρ=0.64 for S-cone increments, 0.67 for decrements and 0.73 for the average of the two). "Regression scores," isolating variability unique to incremental or decremental sensitivity, were also reliable (ρ=0.53 for increments and ρ=0.51 for decrements). The correlation between incremental and decremental thresholds was ρ=0.65. No genetic markers reached genome-wide significance (p<5×10(-7)). We identified 18 "suggestive" loci (p<10(-5)). The significant test-retest reliabilities show stable individual differences in S-cone sensitivity in a normal adult population. Though a portion of the variance in sensitivity is shared between incremental and decremental sensitivity, over 26% of the variance is stable across individuals, but unique to increments or decrements, suggesting distinct neural substrates. Some of the variability in sensitivity is likely to be genetic. We note that four of the suggestive associations found in the GWAS are with genes that are involved in glucose metabolism or have been associated with diabetes.
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33
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Jiao Y, Walker M, Trinick J, Pernier J, Montaville P, Carlier MF. Mutagenetic and electron microscopy analysis of actin filament severing by Cordon-Bleu, a WH2 domain protein. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2014; 71:170-83. [PMID: 24415668 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cordon-Bleu (Cobl) is a regulator of actin dynamics in neural development and ciliogenesis. Its function is associated with three adjacent actin binding WASP Homology 2 (WH2) domains. We showed that these WH2 repeats confer multifunctional regulation of actin dynamics, which makes Cobl a « dynamizer » of actin assembly, inducing fast turnover of actin filaments and oscillatory polymerization regime via nucleation, severing, and rapid depolymerization activities. Cobl is the most efficient severer of actin filaments characterized so far. To understand which primary sequence elements determine the filament severing activity of the WH2 repeats, here we combine a mutagenetic/domain swapping approach of the minimal fully active Cobl-KAB construct, which comprises the lysine rich region K preceding the two first WH2 domains A and B. The mutated Cobl constructs display variable loss of the original filament nucleating activities of native Cobl-KAB, without any strict correlation with a loss in actin binding, which emphasizes the functional importance of the electrostatic environment of WH2 domains. Filament severing displayed the greatest stringency and was abolished in all mutated forms of Cobl-KAB. Filament severing and re-annealing by Cobl-KAB, which is key in its rapid remodeling of a population of actin filaments, and most likely responsible for its function in ciliogenesis, was analyzed by electron microscopy in comparison with Spire and ADF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiao
- Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Cell Motility Team, Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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34
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Schultz J, Terhoeven N. The bilaterian roots of cordon-bleu. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:393. [PMID: 24079804 PMCID: PMC3849942 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The actin cytoskeleton is essential for many physiological processes of eukaryotic cells. The emergence of new actin fibers is initiated by actin nucleators. Whereas most of them are evolutionary old, the cordon-bleu actin nucleator is classified as vertebrate specific. FINDINGS Using sensitive methods for sequence similarity detection, we identified homologs of cordon-bleu not only in non-vertebrate chordates but also in arthropods, molluscs, annelids and platyhelminthes. These genes contain only a single WH2 domain and therefore resemble more the vertebrate cordon-bleu related 1 protein than the three WH2 domain containing cordon-bleu. Furthermore, we identified a homolog of the N-terminal, ubiquitin like, cobl domain of cordon-bleu in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the ur-form of the cordon-bleu protein family evolved already with the emergence of the bilateria by the combination of existing cobl and WH2 domains. Following a vertebrate specific gene-duplication, one copy gained two additional WH2 domains leading to the actin nucleating cordon-bleu. The function of the ur-form of the cordon-bleu protein family is so far unknown. The identification of a homolog in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster could facilitate its experimental characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schultz
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
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35
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Drift and conservation of differential exon usage across tissues in primate species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:15377-82. [PMID: 24003148 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1307202110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative usage of exons provides genomes with plasticity to produce different transcripts from the same gene, modulating the function, localization, and life cycle of gene products. It affects most human genes. For a limited number of cases, alternative functions and tissue-specific roles are known. However, recent high-throughput sequencing studies have suggested that much alternative isoform usage across tissues is nonconserved, raising the question of the extent of its functional importance. We address this question in a genome-wide manner by analyzing the transcriptomes of five tissues for six primate species, focusing on exons that are 1:1 orthologous in all six species. Our results support a model in which differential usage of exons has two major modes: First, most of the exons show only weak differences, which are dominated by interspecies variability and may reflect neutral drift and noisy splicing. These cases dominate the genome-wide view and explain why conservation appears to be so limited. Second, however, a sizeable minority of exons show strong differences between tissues, which are mostly conserved. We identified a core set of 3,800 exons from 1,643 genes that show conservation of strongly tissue-dependent usage patterns from human at least to macaque. This set is enriched for exons encoding protein-disordered regions and untranslated regions. Our findings support the theory that isoform regulation is an important target of evolution in primates, and our method provides a powerful tool for discovering potentially functional tissue-dependent isoforms.
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36
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Ronchetti D, Mosca L, Cutrona G, Tuana G, Gentile M, Fabris S, Agnelli L, Ciceri G, Matis S, Massucco C, Colombo M, Reverberi D, Recchia AG, Bossio S, Negrini M, Tassone P, Morabito F, Ferrarini M, Neri A. Small nucleolar RNAs as new biomarkers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. BMC Med Genomics 2013; 6:27. [PMID: 24004562 PMCID: PMC3766210 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and small Cajal body-specific RNAs are non-coding RNAs involved in the maturation of other RNA molecules. Alterations of sno/scaRNA expression may play a role in cancerogenesis. This study elucidates the patterns of sno/scaRNA expression in 211 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients (Binet stage A) also in comparison with those of different normal B-cell subsets. METHODS The patterns of sno/scaRNA expression in highly purified CD19+ B-cells of 211 CLL patients and in 18 normal B-cell samples--6 from peripheral blood, and 12 from tonsils (4 germinal center, 2 marginal zone, 3 switched memory and 3 naïve B-cells)--were analyzed on the Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Gene 1.0 ST array. RESULTS CLLs display a sno/scaRNAs expression profile similar to normal memory, naïve and marginal-zone B-cells, with the exception of a few down-regulated transcripts (SNORA31, -6, -62, and -71C). Our analyses also suggest some heterogeneity in the pattern of sno/scaRNAs expression which is apparently unrelated to the major biological (ZAP-70 and CD38), molecular (IGHV mutation) and cytogenetic markers. Moreover, we found that SNORA70F was significantly down-regulated in poor prognostic subgroups and this phenomenon was associated with the down-regulation of its host gene COBLL1. Finally, we generated an independent model based on SNORA74A and SNORD116-18 expression, which appears to distinguish two different prognostic CLL groups. CONCLUSIONS These data extend the view of sno/scaRNAs deregulation in cancer and may contribute to discover novel biomarkers associated with the disease and potentially useful to predict the clinical outcome of early stage CLL patients.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Small Nucleolar/genetics
- Risk
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Ronchetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Mosca
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Tuana
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Hematology 1 CTMO, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, F. Sforza, 35-20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Gentile
- U.O.C. di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sonia Fabris
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Agnelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Hematology 1 CTMO, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, F. Sforza, 35-20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Ciceri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Matis
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS S Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Monica Colombo
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS S Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Sabrina Bossio
- U.O.C. di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Hematology 1 CTMO, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, F. Sforza, 35-20122, Milano, Italy
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Carlier MF, Pernier J, Avvaru BS. Control of actin filament dynamics at barbed ends by WH2 domains: From capping to permissive and processive assembly. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2013; 70:540-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Pernier
- Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Motility Team; LEBS; CNRS; Gif-Sur-Yvette France
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38
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Dimeric WH2 domains in Vibrio VopF promote actin filament barbed-end uncapping and assisted elongation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2013; 20:1069-76. [DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen X, Ni F, Tian X, Kondrashkina E, Wang Q, Ma J. Structural basis of actin filament nucleation by tandem W domains. Cell Rep 2013; 3:1910-20. [PMID: 23727244 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous nucleation of actin is very inefficient in cells. To overcome this barrier, cells have evolved a set of actin filament nucleators to promote rapid nucleation and polymerization in response to specific stimuli. However, the molecular mechanism of actin nucleation remains poorly understood. This is hindered largely by the fact that actin nucleus, once formed, rapidly polymerizes into filament, thus making it impossible to capture stable multisubunit actin nucleus. Here, we report an effective double-mutant strategy to stabilize actin nucleus by preventing further polymerization. Employing this strategy, we solved the crystal structure of AMPPNP-actin in complex with the first two tandem W domains of Cordon-bleu (Cobl), a potent actin filament nucleator. Further sequence comparison and functional studies suggest that the nucleation mechanism of Cobl is probably shared by the p53 cofactor JMY, but not Spire. Moreover, the double-mutant strategy opens the way for atomic mechanistic study of actin nucleation and polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Chen
- Graduate Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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40
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The actin nucleator Cobl is crucial for Purkinje cell development and works in close conjunction with the F-actin binding protein Abp1. J Neurosci 2013; 32:17842-56. [PMID: 23223303 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0843-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical actin dynamics shapes cells. To generate actin filaments, cells rely on actin nucleators. Cobl is a novel, brain-enriched, WH2 domain-based actin nucleator, yet, its functions remained largely elusive. Here, we reveal that Cobl plays a crucial role in Purkinje cell development using gene gun transfections within intact murine cerebellar contexts. Cobl deficiency impaired proper dendritic arborization of Purkinje cells and led to low-complexity arbors. Branch point numbers and density and especially higher order branching were strongly affected. Our efforts to reveal how Cobl is physically and functionally integrated into the cortical actin cytoskeleton showed that all Cobl loss-of-function phenotypes were exactly mirrored by knockdown of the F-actin-binding protein Abp1. By subcellular fractionations, protein interaction analyses, subcellular reconstitutions of protein complexes, colocalization studies in cells and tissues, and by functional analyses in neuronal morphogenesis we demonstrate that both proteins associate and work with each other closely. Cobl-mediated dendritic branch induction in hippocampal neurons critically relied on Abp1. Our study highlights that the functions of Abp1 are distinct from those of the Cobl-binding protein syndapin I. The importance of Cobl/Abp1 complex formation and of Abp1-mediated F-actin association was highlighted by functional rescue experiments demonstrating that a Cobl mutant deficient for Abp1 binding and an Abp1 mutant supporting Cobl association but lacking the F-actin binding ability failed to rescue the respective loss-of-function phenotypes. Thus, F-actin-anchored Cobl/Abp1 complexes seem crucial for neuromorphogenesis processes, particularly for the postnatal arborization of Purkinje cells representing the source for all motor coordination in the cerebellar cortex.
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41
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Schüler S, Hauptmann J, Perner B, Kessels MM, Englert C, Qualmann B. Ciliated sensory hair cell formation and function require the F-BAR protein syndapin I and the WH2 domain-based actin nucleator Cobl. J Cell Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203810 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, general body plan information must be translated into distinct morphologies of individual cells. Shaping cells is thought to involve cortical cytoskeletal components and Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs167 (BAR) superfamily proteins. We therefore conducted comprehensive side-by-side loss-of-function studies of zebrafish orthologs of the F-BAR protein syndapin I and the actin nucleator Cobl. Zebrafish syndapin I associates with Cobl. The loss-of-function phenotypes of these proteins were remarkably similar and suggested a common function. Both cobl- and syndapin I-morphant fish showed severe swimming and balance-keeping defects, reflecting an impaired organization and function of the lateral line organ. Their lateral line organs lacked several neuromasts and showed an impaired functionality of the sensory hair cells within the neuromasts. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that sensory hair cells of both cobl- and syndapin I-morphant animals showed defects in the formation of both microtubule-dependent kinocilia and F-actin-rich stereocilia. Consistent with the kinocilia defects in sensory hair cells, body length was shortened and the development of body laterality, a process depending on motile cilia, was also impaired. Interestingly, Cobl and syndapin I both localized to the base of forming cilia. Rescue experiments demonstrated that proper formation of ciliated sensory hair cell rosettes relied on Cobl's syndapin I-binding Cobl homology domain, the actin-nucleating C-terminus of Cobl and the membrane curvature-inducing F-BAR domain of syndapin I. Our data thus suggest that the formation of distinct types of ciliary structures relies on membrane topology-modulating mechanisms that are based on F-BAR domain functions and on complex formation of syndapin I with the actin nucleator Cobl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schüler
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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42
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Zohn IE. Mouse as a model for multifactorial inheritance of neural tube defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 96:193-205. [PMID: 22692891 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) such as spina bifida and anencephaly are some of the most common structural birth defects found in humans. These defects occur due to failures of neurulation, a process where the flat neural plate rolls into a tube. In spite of their prevalence, the causes of NTDs are poorly understood. The multifactorial threshold model best describes the pattern of inheritance of NTDs where multiple undefined gene variants interact with environmental factors to cause an NTD. To date, mouse models have implicated a multitude of genes as required for neurulation, providing a mechanistic understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways that control neurulation. However, the majority of these mouse models exhibit NTDs with a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. Still, many examples of multifactorial inheritance have been demonstrated in mouse models of NTDs. These include null and hypomorphic alleles of neurulation genes that interact in a complex fashion with other genetic mutations or environmental factors to cause NTDs. These models have implicated several genes and pathways for testing as candidates for the genetic basis of NTDs in humans, resulting in identification of putative pathogenic mutations in some patients. Mouse models also provide an experimental paradigm to gain a mechanistic understanding of the environmental factors that influence NTD occurrence, such as folic acid and maternal diabetes, and have led to the discovery of additional preventative nutritional supplements such as inositol. This review provides examples of how multifactorial inheritance of NTDs can be modeled in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene E Zohn
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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43
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Manning AK, Hivert MF, Scott RA, Grimsby JL, Bouatia-Naji N, Chen H, Rybin D, Liu CT, Bielak LF, Prokopenko I, Amin N, Barnes D, Cadby G, Hottenga JJ, Ingelsson E, Jackson AU, Johnson T, Kanoni S, Ladenvall C, Lagou V, Lahti J, Lecoeur C, Liu Y, Martinez-Larrad MT, Montasser ME, Navarro P, Perry JRB, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Salo P, Sattar N, Shungin D, Strawbridge RJ, Tanaka T, van Duijn CM, An P, de Andrade M, Andrews JS, Aspelund T, Atalay M, Aulchenko Y, Balkau B, Bandinelli S, Beckmann JS, Beilby JP, Bellis C, Bergman RN, Blangero J, Boban M, Boehnke M, Boerwinkle E, Bonnycastle LL, Boomsma DI, Borecki IB, Böttcher Y, Bouchard C, Brunner E, Budimir D, Campbell H, Carlson O, Chines PS, Clarke R, Collins FS, Corbatón-Anchuelo A, Couper D, de Faire U, Dedoussis GV, Deloukas P, Dimitriou M, Egan JM, Eiriksdottir G, Erdos MR, Eriksson JG, Eury E, Ferrucci L, Ford I, Forouhi NG, Fox CS, Franzosi MG, Franks PW, Frayling TM, Froguel P, Galan P, de Geus E, Gigante B, Glazer NL, Goel A, Groop L, Gudnason V, Hallmans G, Hamsten A, Hansson O, Harris TB, Hayward C, Heath S, Hercberg S, Hicks AA, Hingorani A, Hofman A, Hui J, Hung J, Jarvelin MR, Jhun MA, Johnson PC, Jukema JW, Jula A, Kao W, Kaprio J, Kardia SLR, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kivimaki M, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Kumari M, Kuusisto J, Kyvik KO, Laakso M, Lakka T, Lannfelt L, Lathrop GM, Launer LJ, Leander K, Li G, Lind L, Lindstrom J, Lobbens S, Loos RJF, Luan J, Lyssenko V, Mägi R, Magnusson PKE, Marmot M, Meneton P, Mohlke KL, Mooser V, Morken MA, Miljkovic I, Narisu N, O’Connell J, Ong KK, Oostra BA, Palmer LJ, Palotie A, Pankow JS, Peden JF, Pedersen NL, Pehlic M, Peltonen L, Penninx B, Pericic M, Perola M, Perusse L, Peyser PA, Polasek O, Pramstaller PP, Province MA, Räikkönen K, Rauramaa R, Rehnberg E, Rice K, Rotter JI, Rudan I, Ruokonen A, Saaristo T, Sabater-Lleal M, Salomaa V, Savage DB, Saxena R, Schwarz P, Seedorf U, Sennblad B, Serrano-Rios M, Shuldiner AR, Sijbrands EJ, Siscovick DS, Smit JH, Small KS, Smith NL, Smith AV, Stančáková A, Stirrups K, Stumvoll M, Sun YV, Swift AJ, Tönjes A, Tuomilehto J, Trompet S, Uitterlinden AG, Uusitupa M, Vikström M, Vitart V, Vohl MC, Voight BF, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Waterworth DM, Watkins H, Wheeler E, Widen E, Wild SH, Willems SM, Willemsen G, Wilson JF, Witteman JC, Wright AF, Yaghootkar H, Zelenika D, Zemunik T, Zgaga L, Wareham NJ, McCarthy MI, Barroso I, Watanabe RM, Florez JC, Dupuis J, Meigs JB, Langenberg C. A genome-wide approach accounting for body mass index identifies genetic variants influencing fasting glycemic traits and insulin resistance. Nat Genet 2012; 44:659-69. [PMID: 22581228 PMCID: PMC3613127 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have described many loci implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology and β-cell dysfunction but have contributed little to the understanding of the genetic basis of insulin resistance. We hypothesized that genes implicated in insulin resistance pathways might be uncovered by accounting for differences in body mass index (BMI) and potential interactions between BMI and genetic variants. We applied a joint meta-analysis approach to test associations with fasting insulin and glucose on a genome-wide scale. We present six previously unknown loci associated with fasting insulin at P < 5 × 10(-8) in combined discovery and follow-up analyses of 52 studies comprising up to 96,496 non-diabetic individuals. Risk variants were associated with higher triglyceride and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, suggesting a role for these loci in insulin resistance pathways. The discovery of these loci will aid further characterization of the role of insulin resistance in T2D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa K. Manning
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonna L. Grimsby
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denis Rybin
- Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawrence F. Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Barnes
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gemma Cadby
- Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. Toronto, Canada
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hixton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cecile Lecoeur
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Martinez-Larrad
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - May E. Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John R. B. Perry
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Perttu Salo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology & Clinical Research Group, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for medical systems biology, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, The Hague
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative and the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ping An
- Department of Genetics Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeanette S. Andrews
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yurii Aulchenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Inserm, CESP Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud 11, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Jacques S. Beckmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John P. Beilby
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, J Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, B Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Claire Bellis
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Richard N. Bergman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mladen Boban
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lori L. Bonnycastle
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Department of Genetics Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Eric Brunner
- University College London, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, London, UK
| | - Danijela Budimir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Olga Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter S. Chines
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arturo Corbatón-Anchuelo
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hixton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Dimitriou
- Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Michael R. Erdos
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elodie Eury
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline S Fox
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Grazia Franzosi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology & Clinical Research Group, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris, Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
- Genomic Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pilar Galan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris, Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - Eco de Geus
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole L. Glazer
- Department of Medicine, Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, BU School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, BU School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anuj Goel
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Nutrition Research, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon Heath
- Centre National de Génotypage, Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris, Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Genetic epidemiology group, University College London, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, London, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative and the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennie Hui
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, J Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, B Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Joseph Hung
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, B Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Unit, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marjo Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- National Institute of Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Min A. Jhun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology C5-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W.H. Kao
- Division of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Hjelt Institute, Dept of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sharon L. R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sirkka Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- University College London, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, London, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Meena Kumari
- Genetic epidemiology group, University College London, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, London, UK
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research and Professor Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN)
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Mark Lathrop
- Centre National de Génotypage, Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karin Leander
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jaana Lindstrom
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stéphane Lobbens
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Patrik K. E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Marmot
- University College London, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, London, UK
| | - Pierre Meneton
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vincent Mooser
- Division of Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mario A. Morken
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeff O’Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. Toronto, Canada
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hixton, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John F. Peden
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Pehlic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hixton, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Institute for Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Markus Perola
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Louis Perusse
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael A. Province
- Department of Genetics Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emil Rehnberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ken Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Aimo Ruokonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Saaristo
- Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David B. Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Schwarz
- Department of Medicine, Division Prevention and Care of Diabetes, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Udo Seedorf
- Leibniz Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, University of Munster, Germany
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Serrano-Rios
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David S. Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Johannes H. Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerrin S. Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas L. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kathleen Stirrups
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hixton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, US
| | - Amy J. Swift
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anke Tönjes
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology C5-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative and the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Easten Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Max Vikström
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Waeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dawn M Waterworth
- Division of Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarah H. Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sara M. Willems
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jacqueline C.M. Witteman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative and the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan F. Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Diana Zelenika
- Centre National de Génotypage, Commissariat à L’Energie Atomique, Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of medical statistics, epidemiology and medical informatics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ines Barroso
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard M. Watanabe
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Diabetes Research Center, Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James B. Meigs
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Robinson A, Escuin S, Doudney K, Vekemans M, Stevenson RE, Greene NDE, Copp AJ, Stanier P. Mutations in the planar cell polarity genes CELSR1 and SCRIB are associated with the severe neural tube defect craniorachischisis. Hum Mutat 2011; 33:440-7. [PMID: 22095531 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Craniorachischisis (CRN) is a severe neural tube defect (NTD) resulting from failure to initiate closure, leaving the hindbrain and spinal neural tube entirely open. Clues to the genetic basis of this condition come from several mouse models, which harbor mutations in core members of the planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway. Previous studies of humans with CRN failed to identify mutations in the core PCP genes, VANGL1 and VANGL2. Here, we analyzed other key PCP genes: CELSR1, PRICKLE1, PTK7, and SCRIB, with the finding of eight potentially causative mutations in both CELSR1 and SCRIB. Functional effects of these unique or rare human variants were evaluated using known protein-protein interactions as well as subcellular protein localization. While protein interactions were not affected, variants from five of the 36 patients exhibited a profound alteration in subcellular protein localization, with diminution or abolition of trafficking to the plasma membrane. Comparable effects were seen in the crash and spin cycle mouse Celsr1 mutants, and the line-90 mouse Scrib mutant. We conclude that missense variants in CELSR1 and SCRIB may represent a cause of CRN in humans, as in mice, with defective PCP protein trafficking to the plasma membrane a likely pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Robinson
- UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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Tew SR, Vasieva O, Peffers MJ, Clegg PD. Post-transcriptional gene regulation following exposure of osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes to hyperosmotic conditions. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:1036-46. [PMID: 21640843 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osmolarity is a major biophysical regulator of chondrocyte function. Modulation of chondrocytic marker gene expression occurs at the post-transcriptional level following exposure of human articular chondrocytes (HAC) to hyperosmotic conditions. This study aims to further characterise the post-transcriptional response of HAC to hyperosmolarity. METHODS Gene expression and microRNA (miRNA) levels in freshly isolated HAC after 5h under control or hyperosmotic conditions were measured using microarrays. Regulated genes were checked for the presence of AU rich elements (AREs) in their 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR), whilst gene ontology was examined using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). RNA decay rates of candidate ARE-containing genes were determined in HAC using actinomycin D chase experiments and the involvement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathways were investigated using pharmacological inhibitors. RESULTS Hyperosmolarity led to the regulation of a wide variety of genes. IPA identified enrichment of genes involved with cell stress responses, cell signalling and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signalling. Importantly, upregulated genes were over-represented with those containing AREs, and RNA decay analysis demonstrated that many of these were regulated post-transcriptionally by hyperosmolarity in HAC. Analysis of miRNA levels in HAC indicated that they are only modestly regulated by hyperosmotic conditions, whilst inhibitor studies showed that p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 were able to block hyperosmotic induction of many of these genes. CONCLUSION Through microarray and bioinformatics analysis we have identified genes which are post-transcriptionally regulated in HAC following exposure to hyperosmotic conditions. These genes have a range of functions, and their regulation involves transduction through the p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways. Interestingly, our results suggest that miRNA regulation is not key to the process. Overall, this work illustrates the range of processes regulated in chondrocytes by changes in their osmotic environment, and underlines the importance of post-transcriptional mRNA regulation to chondrocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Tew
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, UK.
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46
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Husson C, Renault L, Didry D, Pantaloni D, Carlier MF. Cordon-Bleu Uses WH2 Domains as Multifunctional Dynamizers of Actin Filament Assembly. Mol Cell 2011; 43:464-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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The functions of the actin nucleator Cobl in cellular morphogenesis critically depend on syndapin I. EMBO J 2011; 30:3147-59. [PMID: 21725280 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial control of cortical actin nucleation is indispensable for proper establishment and plasticity of cell morphology. Cobl is a novel WH2 domain-based actin nucleator. The cellular coordination of Cobl's nucleation activity, however, has remained elusive. Here, we reveal that Cobl's cellular functions are dependent on syndapin. Cobl/syndapin complexes form in vivo, as demonstrated by colocalization, coimmunoprecipitation and subcellular recruitment studies. In vitro reconstitutions and subcellular fractionations demonstrate that, via its lipid-binding Fer/CIP4 Homology (FCH)-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) domain, syndapin recruits Cobl to membranes. Consistently, syndapin I RNAi impairs cortical localization of Cobl. Further functional studies in neurons show that Cobl and syndapin I work together in dendritic arbor development. Importantly, both proteins are crucial for dendritogenesis. Cobl-mediated functions in neuromorphogenesis critically rely on syndapin I and interestingly also on Arp3. Endogenous Cobl, syndapin I and the Arp2/3 complex activator and syndapin-binding partner N-WASP were present in one complex, as demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitations. Together, these data provide detailed insights into the molecular basis for Cobl-mediated functions and reveal that different actin nucleators are functionally intertwined by syndapin I during neuromorphogenesis.
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Gordon GJ, Bueno R, Sugarbaker DJ. Genes associated with prognosis after surgery for malignant pleural mesothelioma promote tumor cell survival in vitro. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:169. [PMID: 21569526 PMCID: PMC3112160 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesothelioma is an aggressive neoplasm with few effective treatments, one being cytoreductive surgery. We previously described a test, based on differential expression levels of four genes, to predict clinical outcome in prospectively consented mesothelioma patients after surgery. In this study, we determined whether any of these four genes could be linked to a cancer relevant phenotype. Methods We conducted a high-throughput RNA inhibition screen to knockdown gene expression levels of the four genes comprising the test (ARHGDIA, COBLL1, PKM2, TM4SF1) in both a human lung-derived normal and a tumor cell line using three different small inhibitory RNA molecules per gene. Successful knockdown was confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR. Detection of statistically significant changes in apoptosis and mitosis was performed using immunological assays and quantified using video-assisted microscopy at a single time-point. Changes in nuclear shape, size, and numbers were used to provide additional support of initial findings. Each experiment was conducted in triplicate. Specificity was assured by requiring that at least 2 different siRNAs produced the observed change in each cell line/time-point/gene/assay combination. Results Knockdown of ARHGDIA, COBLL1, and TM4SF1 resulted in 2- to 4-fold increased levels of apoptosis in normal cells (ARHGDIA only) and tumor cells (all three genes). No statistically significant changes were observed in apoptosis after knockdown of PKM2 or for mitosis after knockdown of any gene. Conclusions We provide evidence that ARHGDIA, COBLL1, and TM4SF1 are negative regulators of apoptosis in cultured tumor cells. These genes, and their related intracellular signaling pathways, may represent potential therapeutic targets in mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Gordon
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Guyot MC, Bosoi CM, Kharfallah F, Reynolds A, Drapeau P, Justice M, Gros P, Kibar Z. A novel hypomorphic Looptail allele at the planar cell polarity Vangl2 gene. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:839-49. [PMID: 21404367 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vangl2 forms part of the planar cell polarity signalling pathway and is the gene defective in the Looptail (Lp) mouse mutant. Two previously described alleles, Lp and Lp(m1Jus) , segregate in a semi-dominant fashion, with heterozygotes displaying the looped-tail appearance, while homozygotes show the neural tube defect called craniorachischisis. Here, we report a novel experimentally induced allele, Lp(m2Jus) , that carries a missense mutation, R259L, in Vangl2. This mutation was specific to the Lp phenotype and absent from both parental strains and 28 other inbred strains. Notably, this mutation segregates in a recessive manner with all heterozygotes appearing normal and 47% of homozygotes showing a looped-tail. Homozygous Lp(m2Jus) embryos showed spina bifida in 12%. Lp(m2Jus) genetically interacts with Lp with 77% of compound heterozygotes displaying craniorachischisis. Vangl2(R259L) behaved like the wild-type allele in overexpression and morpholino knockdown/rescue assays in zebrafish embryos. These data suggest that Lp(m2Jus) represents a new hypomorphic allele of Lp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Guyot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center and University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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50
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Wansleeben C, Meijlink F. The planar cell polarity pathway in vertebrate development. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:616-26. [PMID: 21305650 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Directing the orientation of cells in three dimensions is a fundamental aspect of many of the processes underlying the generation of the appropriate shape and function of tissues and organs during embryonic development. In an epithelium, this requires not only the establishment of apicobasal polarity, but also cell arrangement in a specific direction in the plane of the cell sheet. The molecular pathway central to regulating this planar cell polarity (PCP) was originally discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and has more recently been shown to act in a highly analogous way in vertebrates, involving a strongly overlapping set of genes. Mutant studies and molecular analyses have led to insights into the role of ordered planar cell polarity in the development of a wide variety of organs and tissues. In this review, we give an overview of recent developments in the study of planar polarity signaling in vertebrates.
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