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Popović T, Nenadović A, Stanković A, Martačić JD, Ranković S, Kovačević S, Nešović Ostojić J, Ilić A, Milašin J, De Luka S, Trbovich AM. Liver phospholipid fatty acid composition in response to chronic high-fat diets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159526. [PMID: 38871115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Liver phospholipid fatty acid composition depends on the dietary lipid intake and the efficiency of hepatic enzymatic activity. Our study aimed to simultaneously investigate the liver phospholipid fatty acid composition in response to chronic linseed, palm, or sunflower oil diets. We used adult female C57/BL6 mice and randomly divided them into control and three groups treated with 25 % dietary oils. Prior to treatment, we analyzed the fatty acid profiles in dietary oils and hepatocytes and, after 100 days, the fatty acid composition in the liver using gas-liquid chromatography. Linseed oil treatment elevated alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic acids and reduced arachidonic and docosatetraenoic acids, consequently lowering the n-6/n-3 ratio. Palm oil treatment increased linoleic acid and decreased docosahexaenoic acid, contributing to an elevated n-6/n-3 ratio. Sunflower oil treatment elevated total monounsaturated fatty acids by increasing palmitoleic, oleic, and vaccenic acids. The estimated activity of Δ9 desaturase was significantly elevated in the sunflower oil group, while Δ5 desaturase was the highest, and Δ6 desaturase was the lowest after the linseed oil diet. Our findings demonstrate that chronic consumption of linseed, palm, or sunflower oil alters the distribution of liver phospholipid fatty acids differently. Sunflower oil diet elevated total monounsaturated fatty acids, proposing potential benefits for liver tissue health. Considering these outcomes, a substantial recommendation emerges to elevate linseed oil intake, recognized as the principal ALA source, thereby aiding in reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio. Moreover, modifying dietary habits to incorporate specific vegetable oils in daily consumption could substantially enhance overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Popović
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nenadović
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, 1 Dr Subotić Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Anica Stanković
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, 1 Dr Subotić Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak Martačić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Ranković
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanjin Kovačević
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, 1 Dr Subotić Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Nešović Ostojić
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, 1 Dr Subotić Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjelija Ilić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milašin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Belgrade School of Dental Medicine, 6 Dr Subotić Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Silvio De Luka
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, 1 Dr Subotić Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alexander M Trbovich
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, 1 Dr Subotić Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Ganguly A, Ghosh S, Jin P, Wadehra M, Devaskar SU. Omega-3 reverses the metabolic and epigenetically regulated placental phenotype acquired from preconceptional and peri-conceptional exposure to air pollutants. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 134:109735. [PMID: 39122219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is detrimental to pregnancy adversely affecting maternal and child health. Our objective was to unravel epigenetic mechanisms mediating the effect of preconception, periconception, and gestational exposure to inhaled air pollutants (AP) upon the maternal and placental-fetal phenotype and explore the benefit of an omega-3 rich dietary intervention. To this end, we investigated intranasal instilled AP during 8 weeks of preconception, periconception, and gestation (G; D0 to 18) upon GD16-19 maternal mouse metabolic status, placental nutrient transporters, placental-fetal size, and placental morphology. Prepregnant mice were glucose intolerant and insulin resistant, while pregnant mice were glucose intolerant but displayed no major placental macro-nutrient transporter changes, except for an increase in CD36. Placentas revealed inflammatory cellular infiltration with cellular edema, necrosis, hemorrhage, and an increase in fetal body weight. Upon examination of placental genome-wide epigenetic processes of DNA sequence specific 5'-hydroxymethylation (5'-hmC) and 5'-methylation (5'-mC) upon RNA sequenced gene expression profiles, revealed changes in key metabolic, inflammatory, transcriptional, and cellular processing genes and pathways. An omega-3 rich anti-inflammatory diet from preconception (8 weeks) through periconception and gestation (GD0-18), ameliorated all these maternal and placental-fetal adverse effects. We conclude that preconceptional, periconceptional and gestational exposures to AP incite a maternal inflammatory response resulting in features of pre-existing maternal diabetes mellitus with injury to the placental-fetal unit. DNA 5'-mC more than 5'-hmC mediated AP induced maternal inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation which together alter placental gene expression and phenotype. A dietary intervention partially reversing these adversities provides possibilities for a novel nutrigenomic therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ganguly
- Department of Pediatrics and the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shubhamoy Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics and the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sherin U Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics and the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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3
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Ding M, Nielsen K. Inbred Mouse Models in Cryptococcus neoformans Research. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:426. [PMID: 38921412 PMCID: PMC11204852 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models are frequently used as surrogates to understand human disease. In the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus species complex, several variations of a mouse model of disease were developed that recapitulate different aspects of human disease. These mouse models have been implemented using various inbred and outbred mouse backgrounds, many of which have genetic differences that can influence host response and disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly used inbred mouse backgrounds in C. neoformans infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Nyúl-Tóth Á, Patai R, Csiszar A, Ungvari A, Gulej R, Mukli P, Yabluchanskiy A, Benyo Z, Sotonyi P, Prodan CI, Liotta EM, Toth P, Elahi F, Barsi P, Maurovich-Horvat P, Sorond FA, Tarantini S, Ungvari Z. Linking peripheral atherosclerosis to blood-brain barrier disruption: elucidating its role as a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease in vascular cognitive impairment. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01194-0. [PMID: 38831182 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), contributing to the onset and progression of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). In older adults, CSVD often leads to significant pathological outcomes, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, which in turn triggers neuroinflammation and white matter damage. This damage is frequently observed as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in neuroimaging studies. There is mounting evidence that older adults with atherosclerotic vascular diseases, such as peripheral artery disease, ischemic heart disease, and carotid artery stenosis, face a heightened risk of developing CSVD and VCID. This review explores the complex relationship between peripheral atherosclerosis, the pathogenesis of CSVD, and BBB disruption. It explores the continuum of vascular aging, emphasizing the shared pathomechanisms that underlie atherosclerosis in large arteries and BBB disruption in the cerebral microcirculation, exacerbating both CSVD and VCID. By reviewing current evidence, this paper discusses the impact of endothelial dysfunction, cellular senescence, inflammation, and oxidative stress on vascular and neurovascular health. This review aims to enhance understanding of these complex interactions and advocate for integrated approaches to manage vascular health, thereby mitigating the risk and progression of CSVD and VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roland Patai
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Doctoral College/Department of Public Health, International Training Program in Geroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Benyo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, HUN-REN, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Sotonyi
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Calin I Prodan
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Eric M Liotta
- Doctoral College/Department of Public Health, International Training Program in Geroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Toth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Neurotrauma Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- ELKH-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Fanny Elahi
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease Friedman Brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Péter Barsi
- ELKH-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Maurovich-Horvat
- ELKH-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Farzaneh A Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Doctoral College/Department of Public Health, International Training Program in Geroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Doctoral College/Department of Public Health, International Training Program in Geroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Balasubramanian P, Kiss T, Gulej R, Nyul Toth A, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A. Accelerated Aging Induced by an Unhealthy High-Fat Diet: Initial Evidence for the Role of Nrf2 Deficiency and Impaired Stress Resilience in Cellular Senescence. Nutrients 2024; 16:952. [PMID: 38612986 PMCID: PMC11013792 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFDs) have pervaded modern dietary habits, characterized by their excessive saturated fat content and low nutritional value. Epidemiological studies have compellingly linked HFD consumption to obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, the synergistic interplay of HFD, obesity, and diabetes expedites the aging process and prematurely fosters age-related diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms driving these associations remain enigmatic. One of the most conspicuous hallmarks of aging is the accumulation of highly inflammatory senescent cells, with mounting evidence implicating increased cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Our hypothesis posits that HFD consumption amplifies senescence burden across multiple organs. To scrutinize this hypothesis, we subjected mice to a 6-month HFD regimen, assessing senescence biomarker expression in the liver, white adipose tissue, and the brain. Aging is intrinsically linked to impaired cellular stress resilience, driven by dysfunction in Nrf2-mediated cytoprotective pathways that safeguard cells against oxidative stress-induced senescence. To ascertain whether Nrf2-mediated pathways shield against senescence induction in response to HFD consumption, we explored senescence burden in a novel model of aging: Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2+/-) mice, emulating the aging phenotype. Our initial findings unveiled significant Nrf2 dysfunction in Nrf2+/- mice, mirroring aging-related alterations. HFD led to substantial obesity, hyperglycemia, and impaired insulin sensitivity in both Nrf2+/- and Nrf2+/+ mice. In control mice, HFD primarily heightened senescence burden in white adipose tissue, evidenced by increased Cdkn2a senescence biomarker expression. In Nrf2+/- mice, HFD elicited a significant surge in senescence burden across the liver, white adipose tissue, and the brain. We postulate that HFD-induced augmentation of senescence burden may be a pivotal contributor to accelerated organismal aging and the premature onset of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Adam Nyul Toth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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Meda Venkata SP, Li H, Xu L, Wang JM. The Impact of Obesity on Diabetes Onset and Neovascularization in Mouse Models of Metabolic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1214. [PMID: 38279212 PMCID: PMC10816627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models of metabolic disorders are essential to studying pathogenic mechanisms and developing therapies for diabetes, but the induction protocols vary, and sexual dimorphism often exists. In a chronic diabetic model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia, blood glucose and lipid profiles were measured. The high-fat (HF) diet damaged insulin sensitivity and increased triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and liver lipid deposition. STZ increased blood glucose and liver fibrosis with less effects on blood lipids or liver lipid deposition. The combination of DIO and STZ treatments led to significant liver lipid deposition and fibrosis. Female mice showed delayed body weight gain on HF diet and resisted STZ-induced hyperglycemia. However, once they developed DIO, which occurs around 26 weeks of HF diet, the female mice were prone to STZ-induced hyperglycemia. In hindlimb ischemia, male mice in the DIO-STZ group showed significantly worse neovascularization compared with DIO or STZ groups. The DIO-STZ females showed significantly worse recovery than the DIO-STZ males. Our observations suggest that DIO-STZ is a plausible model for studying metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in obesity and diabetes. Moreover, the findings in female animals stress the need to assess sexual dimorphism and investigate the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the worse vasculopathy manifestations in females in metabolic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Pranathi Meda Venkata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 259 Mack Ave, 3122 Applebaum Building, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.P.M.V.); (L.X.)
| | - Hainan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 259 Mack Ave, 3122 Applebaum Building, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.P.M.V.); (L.X.)
| | - Liping Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 259 Mack Ave, 3122 Applebaum Building, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.P.M.V.); (L.X.)
| | - Jie-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 259 Mack Ave, 3122 Applebaum Building, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.P.M.V.); (L.X.)
- Centers for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Munkhsaikhan U, Kwon YI, Sahyoun AM, Galán M, Gonzalez AA, Ait-Aissa K, Abidi AH, Kassan A, Kassan M. The Beneficial Effect of Lomitapide on the Cardiovascular System in LDLr -/- Mice with Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1287. [PMID: 37372017 PMCID: PMC10295391 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Homozygous familial hypercholesteremia (HoFH) is a rare, life-threatening metabolic disease, mainly caused by a mutation in the LDL receptor. If untreated, HoFH causes premature death from acute coronary syndrome. Lomitapide is approved by the FDA as a therapy to lower lipid levels in adult patients with HoFH. Nevertheless, the beneficial effect of lomitapide in HoFH models remains to be defined. In this study, we investigated the effect of lomitapide on cardiovascular function using LDL receptor-knockout mice (LDLr-/-). METHODS Six-week-old LDLr-/- mice were fed a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Lomitapide (1 mg/Kg/Day) was given by oral gavage for the last 2 weeks in the HFD group. Body weight and composition, lipid profile, blood glucose, and atherosclerotic plaques were measured. Vascular reactivity and markers for endothelial function were determined in conductance arteries (thoracic aorta) and resistance arteries (mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA)). Cytokine levels were measured by using the Mesoscale discovery V-Plex assays. RESULTS Body weight (47.5 ± 1.5 vs. 40.3 ± 1.8 g), % of fat mass (41.6 ± 1.9% vs. 31.8 ± 1.7%), blood glucose (215.5 ± 21.9 vs. 142.3 ± 7.7 mg/dL), and lipid levels (cholesterol: 600.9 ± 23.6 vs. 451.7 ± 33.4 mg/dL; LDL/VLDL: 250.6 ± 28.9 vs. 161.1 ± 12.24 mg/dL; TG: 299.5 ± 24.1 vs. 194.1 ± 28.1 mg/dL) were significantly decreased, and the % of lean mass (56.5 ± 1.8% vs. 65.2 ± 2.1%) was significantly increased in the HFD group after lomitapide treatment. The atherosclerotic plaque area also decreased in the thoracic aorta (7.9 ± 0.5% vs. 5.7 ± 0.1%). After treatment with lomitapide, the endothelium function of the thoracic aorta (47.7 ± 6.3% vs. 80.7 ± 3.1%) and mesenteric resistance artery (66.4 ± 4.3% vs. 79.5 ± 4.6%) was improved in the group of LDLr-/- mice on HFD. This was correlated with diminished vascular endoplasmic (ER) reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with lomitapide improves cardiovascular function and lipid profile and reduces body weight and inflammatory markers in LDLr-/- mice on HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undral Munkhsaikhan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Bioscience Research and General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Young In Kwon
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Amal M. Sahyoun
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Food Science and Agriculture Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - María Galán
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexis A. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 300, Chile
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA
| | - Ammaar H. Abidi
- Department of Bioscience Research and General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA
| | - Adam Kassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, CA 91606, USA
| | - Modar Kassan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA
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Gautam J, Kumari D, Aggarwal H, Gupta SK, Kasarla SS, Sarkar S, Priya MRK, Kamboj P, Kumar Y, Dikshit M. Characterization of lipid signatures in the plasma and insulin-sensitive tissues of the C57BL/6J mice fed on obesogenic diets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159348. [PMID: 37285928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity mouse models are widely utilized to investigate the underlying mechanisms of dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as for screening potential drug compounds. However, there is limited knowledge regarding specific signature lipids that accurately reflect dietary disorders. In this study, we aimed to identify key lipid signatures using LC/MS-based untargeted lipidomics in the plasma, liver, adipose tissue (AT), and skeletal muscle tissues (SKM) of male C57BL/6J mice that were fed chow, LFD, or obesogenic diets (HFD, HFHF, and HFCD) for a duration of 20 weeks. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive lipid analysis to assess similarities and differences with human lipid profiles. The mice fed obesogenic diets exhibited weight gain, glucose intolerance, elevated BMI, glucose and insulin levels, and a fatty liver, resembling characteristics of T2DM and obesity in humans. In total, we identified approximately 368 lipids in plasma, 433 in the liver, 493 in AT, and 624 in SKM. Glycerolipids displayed distinct patterns across the tissues, differing from human findings. However, changes in sphingolipids, phospholipids, and the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes showed similarities to reported human findings. Significantly modulated pathways in the obesogenic diet-fed groups included ceramide de novo synthesis, sphingolipid remodeling, and the carboxylesterase pathway, while lipoprotein-mediated pathways were minimally affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gautam
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Kumari
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Hobby Aggarwal
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Siva Swapna Kasarla
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Soumalya Sarkar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - M R Kamla Priya
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Kamboj
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
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Wei JH, Lee WJ, Luo JL, Huang HL, Wang SC, Chou RH, Huang PH, Lin SJ. Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Offers Protection against Disturbed Flow-Induced Atherosclerosis in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065669. [PMID: 36982743 PMCID: PMC10051344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery reduces body weight, enhances metabolic and diabetic control, and improves outcomes on obesity-related comorbidities. However, the mechanisms mediating this protection against cardiovascular diseases remain unclear. We investigated the effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on vascular protection in response to shear stress-induced atherosclerosis using an overweighted and carotid artery ligation mouse model. Eight-week-old male wild-type mice (C57BL/6J) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for two weeks to induce weight gain and dysmetabolism. SG was performed in HFD-fed mice. Two weeks after the SG procedure, partial carotid-artery ligation was performed to promote disturbed flow-induced atherosclerosis. Compared with the control mice, HFD-fed wild-type mice exhibited increased body weight, total cholesterol level, hemoglobin A1c, and enhanced insulin resistance; SG significantly reversed these adverse effects. As expected, HFD-fed mice exhibited greater neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerotic plaques than the control group, and the SG procedure attenuated HFD-promoted ligation-induced neointimal hyperplasia and arterial elastin fragmentation. Besides, HFD promoted ligation-induced macrophage infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and increased vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. SG significantly reduced the above-mentioned effects. Moreover, HFD restriction partially reversed the intimal hyperplasia caused by carotid artery ligation; however, this protective effect was significantly lower than that observed in SG-operated mice. Our study demonstrated that HFD deteriorates shear stress-induced atherosclerosis and SG mitigates vascular remodeling, and this protective effect was not comparable in HFD restriction group. These findings provide a rationale for using bariatric surgery to counter atherosclerosis in morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Hua Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan; (J.-H.W.)
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jei Lee
- Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Lin Luo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan; (J.-H.W.)
| | - Hsin-Lei Huang
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Chih Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hsing Chou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2875-7374; Fax: +886-2-2875-7375
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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10
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Hebron KE, Wan X, Roth JS, Liewehr DJ, Sealover NE, Frye WJ, Kim A, Stauffer S, Perkins OL, Sun W, Isanogle KA, Robinson CM, James A, Awasthi P, Shankarappa P, Luo X, Lei H, Butcher D, Smith R, Edmondson EF, Chen JQ, Kedei N, Peer CJ, Shern JF, Figg WD, Chen L, Hall MD, Difilippantonio S, Barr FG, Kortum RL, Robey RW, Vaseva AV, Khan J, Yohe ME. The Combination of Trametinib and Ganitumab is Effective in RAS-Mutated PAX-Fusion Negative Rhabdomyosarcoma Models. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:472-487. [PMID: 36322002 PMCID: PMC9852065 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PAX-fusion negative rhabdomyosarcoma (FN RMS) is driven by alterations in the RAS/MAP kinase pathway and is partially responsive to MEK inhibition. Overexpression of IGF1R and its ligands is also observed in FN RMS. Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that IGF1R is itself an important target in FN RMS. Our previous studies revealed preclinical efficacy of the MEK1/2 inhibitor, trametinib, and an IGF1R inhibitor, BMS-754807, but this combination was not pursued clinically due to intolerability in preclinical murine models. Here, we sought to identify a combination of an MEK1/2 inhibitor and IGF1R inhibitor, which would be tolerated in murine models and effective in both cell line and patient-derived xenograft models of RAS-mutant FN RMS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using proliferation and apoptosis assays, we studied the factorial effects of trametinib and ganitumab (AMG 479), a mAb with specificity for human and murine IGF1R, in a panel of RAS-mutant FN RMS cell lines. The molecular mechanism of the observed synergy was determined using conventional and capillary immunoassays. The efficacy and tolerability of trametinib/ganitumab was assessed using a panel of RAS-mutated cell-line and patient-derived RMS xenograft models. RESULTS Treatment with trametinib and ganitumab resulted in synergistic cellular growth inhibition in all cell lines tested and inhibition of tumor growth in four of six models of RAS-mutant RMS. The combination had little effect on body weight and did not produce thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, or hyperinsulinemia in tumor-bearing SCID beige mice. Mechanistically, ganitumab treatment prevented the phosphorylation of AKT induced by MEK inhibition alone. Therapeutic response to the combination was observed in models without a mutation in the PI3K/PTEN axis. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that combined trametinib and ganitumab is effective in a genomically diverse panel of RAS-mutated FN RMS preclinical models. Our data also show that the trametinib/ganitumab combination likely has a favorable tolerability profile. These data support testing this combination in a phase I/II clinical trial for pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory RAS-mutated FN RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E. Hebron
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892,Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Xiaolin Wan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jacob S. Roth
- Early Translation Branch, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - David J. Liewehr
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nancy E. Sealover
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Services, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - William J.E. Frye
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Angela Kim
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Stacey Stauffer
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Olivia L. Perkins
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Wenyue Sun
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kristine A. Isanogle
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Christina M. Robinson
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Amy James
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Parirokh Awasthi
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Priya Shankarappa
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Haiyan Lei
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Donna Butcher
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Roberta Smith
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Elijah F. Edmondson
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Jin-Qiu Chen
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cody J. Peer
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jack F. Shern
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - W. Douglas Figg
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lu Chen
- Early Translation Branch, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Matthew D. Hall
- Early Translation Branch, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Frederic G. Barr
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Robert L. Kortum
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Services, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Robert W. Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Angelina V. Vaseva
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892,Co-corresponding authors Correspondence: Marielle Yohe, M.D., Ph.D., Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 8560 Progress Drive Room D3026, Frederick, MD 27101, Phone: (240) 760-7436,
| | - Marielle E. Yohe
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892,Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD 21701,Co-corresponding authors Correspondence: Marielle Yohe, M.D., Ph.D., Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 8560 Progress Drive Room D3026, Frederick, MD 27101, Phone: (240) 760-7436,
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11
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Finney AC, Das S, Kumar D, McKinney MP, Cai B, Yurdagul A, Rom O. The interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1116861. [PMID: 37200978 PMCID: PMC10185914 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1116861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches that lower circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol significantly reduced the burden of cardiovascular disease over the last decades. However, the persistent rise in the obesity epidemic is beginning to reverse this decline. Alongside obesity, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has substantially increased in the last three decades. Currently, approximately one third of world population is affected by NAFLD. Notably, the presence of NAFLD and particularly its more severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), serves as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), thus, raising interest in the relationship between these two diseases. Importantly, ASCVD is the major cause of death in patients with NASH independent of traditional risk factors. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology linking NAFLD/NASH with ASCVD remains poorly understood. While dyslipidemia is a common risk factor underlying both diseases, therapies that lower circulating LDL-cholesterol are largely ineffective against NASH. While there are no approved pharmacological therapies for NASH, some of the most advanced drug candidates exacerbate atherogenic dyslipidemia, raising concerns regarding their adverse cardiovascular consequences. In this review, we address current gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms linking NAFLD/NASH and ASCVD, explore strategies to simultaneously model these diseases, evaluate emerging biomarkers that may be useful to diagnose the presence of both diseases, and discuss investigational approaches and ongoing clinical trials that potentially target both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Sandeep Das
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - M. Peyton McKinney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Bishuang Cai
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, United States
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Correspondence: Arif Yurdagul Oren Rom
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Correspondence: Arif Yurdagul Oren Rom
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12
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Beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation on glucose and triglycerides in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Loxin Reduced the Inflammatory Response in the Liver and the Aortic Fatty Streak Formation in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137329. [PMID: 35806336 PMCID: PMC9266330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is the most harmful form of cholesterol associated with vascular atherosclerosis and hepatic injury, mainly due to inflammatory cell infiltration and subsequent severe tissue injury. Lox-1 is the central ox-LDL receptor expressed in endothelial and immune cells, its activation regulating inflammatory cytokines and chemotactic factor secretion. Recently, a Lox-1 truncated protein isoform lacking the ox-LDL binding domain named LOXIN has been described. We have previously shown that LOXIN overexpression blocked Lox-1-mediated ox-LDL internalization in human endothelial progenitor cells in vitro. However, the functional role of LOXIN in targeting inflammation or tissue injury in vivo remains unknown. In this study, we investigate whether LOXIN modulated the expression of Lox-1 and reduced the inflammatory response in a high-fat-diet mice model. Results indicate that human LOXIN blocks Lox-1 mediated uptake of ox-LDL in H4-II-E-C3 cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that overexpression of LOXIN reduced both fatty streak lesions in the aorta and inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. These findings were associated with the down-regulation of Lox-1 in endothelial cells. Then, LOXIN prevents hepatic and aortic tissue damage in vivo associated with reduced Lox-1 expression in endothelial cells. We encourage future research to understand better the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic use of LOXIN.
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Adipocyte-Specific Expression of PGC1α Promotes Adipocyte Browning and Alleviates Obesity-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction in an HO-1-Dependent Fashion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061147. [PMID: 35740043 PMCID: PMC9220759 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that PGC1-α plays a crucial role in mitochondrial and vascular function, yet the physiological significance of PGC1α and HO expression in adipose tissues in the context of obesity-linked vascular dysfunction remains unclear. We studied three groups of six-week-old C57BL/6J male mice: (1) mice fed a normal chow diet; (2) mice fed a high-fat diet (H.F.D.) for 28 weeks, and (3) mice fed a high-fat diet (H.F.D.) for 28 weeks, treated with adipose-specific overexpression of PGC-1α (transgenic-adipocyte-PGC-1α) at week 20, and continued on H.F.D. for weeks 20–28. R.N.A. arrays examined 88 genes involved in adipocyte proliferation and maturation. Blood pressure, tissue fibrosis, fasting glucose, and oxygen consumption were measured, as well as liver steatosis, and the expression levels of metabolic and mitochondrial markers. Obese mice exhibited a marked reduction of PGC1α and developed adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, hepatic steatosis, and decreased mitochondrial respiration. Mice with adipose-specific overexpression of PGC1-α exhibited improvement in HO-1, mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, with a decrease in fasting glucose, reduced blood pressure and fibrosis, and increased oxygen consumption. PGC-1α led to the upregulated expression of processes associated with the browning of fat tissue, including UCP1, FGF21, and pAMPK signaling, with a reduction in inflammatory adipokines, NOV/CCN3 expression, and TGFβ. These changes required HO-1 expression. The R.N.A. array analysis identified subgroups of genes positively correlated with contributions to the browning of adipose tissue, all dependent on HO-1. Our observations reveal a positive impact of adipose-PGC1-α on distal organ systems, with beneficial effects on HO-1 levels, reversing obesity-linked cardiometabolic disturbances.
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15
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Frankl JA, An Y, Sherwood A, Hao G, Huang FY, Thapa P, Clegg DJ, Sun X, Scherer PE, Öz OK. Comparison of BMIPP-SPECT/CT to 18FDG-PET/CT for Imaging Brown or Browning Fat in a Preclinical Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4880. [PMID: 35563272 PMCID: PMC9101718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a leading cause of preventable death and morbidity. To elucidate the mechanisms connecting metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) and metabolic health may provide insights into methods of treatment for obesity-related conditions. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG-PET/CT) is traditionally used to image human BAT activity. However, the primary energy source of BAT is derived from intracellular fatty acids and not glucose. Beta-methyl-p-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) is a fatty acid analogue amenable to in vivo imaging by single photon emission computed tomography/CT (SPECT/CT) when radiolabeled with iodine isotopes. In this study, we compare the use of 18FDG-PET/CT and 125I-BMIPP-SPECT/CT for fat imaging to ascertain whether BMIPP is a more robust candidate for the non-invasive evaluation of metabolically active adipose depots. Interscapular BAT, inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), and gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) uptake of 18FDG and 125I-BMIPP was quantified in mice following treatment with the BAT-stimulating drug CL-316,243 or saline vehicle control. After CL-316,243 treatment, uptake of both radiotracers increased in BAT and iWAT. The standard uptake value (SUVmean) for 18FDG and 125I-BMIPP significantly correlated in these depots, although uptake of 125I-BMIPP in BAT and iWAT more closely mimicked the fold-change in metabolic rate as measured by an extracellular flux analyzer. Herein, we find that imaging BAT with the radioiodinated fatty acid analogue BMIPP yields more physiologically relevant data than 18FDG-PET/CT, and its conventional use may be a pivotal tool for evaluating BAT in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Frankl
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.A.F.); (A.S.); (G.H.); (P.T.); (X.S.)
| | - Yu An
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Amber Sherwood
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.A.F.); (A.S.); (G.H.); (P.T.); (X.S.)
| | - Guiyang Hao
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.A.F.); (A.S.); (G.H.); (P.T.); (X.S.)
| | - Feng-Yun Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 406053, Taiwan;
| | - Pawan Thapa
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.A.F.); (A.S.); (G.H.); (P.T.); (X.S.)
| | - Deborah J. Clegg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr, El Paso, TX 79905, USA;
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.A.F.); (A.S.); (G.H.); (P.T.); (X.S.)
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Orhan K. Öz
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.A.F.); (A.S.); (G.H.); (P.T.); (X.S.)
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Munkhsaikhan U, Kwon Y, Sahyoun AM, Ait-Aissa K, Kassan A, Kassan M. The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor lomitapide improves vascular function in mice with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:893-901. [PMID: 35253407 PMCID: PMC8957593 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the effect of lomitapide, a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor, on the cardiovascular function in obesity was investigated. METHODS Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks in the presence and absence of lomitapide. Lomitapide was administered by gavage (1 mg/kg/d) during the last 2 weeks of high-fat feeding. Body weight, blood glucose, body composition, and lipid profile were determined. Vascular function and endothelial function markers were studied in the aorta and mesenteric resistance arteries. RESULTS Lomitapide treatment reduced body weight in mice with obesity. Blood glucose, percentage of fat mass, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels were significantly reduced, and the percentage of lean mass was significantly increased after lomitapide treatment. The vascular response to sodium nitroprusside in the aorta and mesenteric arteries was similar among groups. However, the vascular response to acetylcholine was improved in the treated group. This was associated with decreased levels of vascular endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with lomitapide attenuated the increase in body weight in mice with obesity and restored the lipid profile and vascular function. These effects were accompanied by a decrease in inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undral Munkhsaikhan
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Physiology, USA
| | - Youngin Kwon
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Physiology, USA
| | - Amal M Sahyoun
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Physiology, USA
- Department of Food Science and Agriculture Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, USA
| | - Adam Kassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Modar Kassan
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Physiology, USA
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Gallic Acid Improves Diabetic Steatosis by Downregulating MicroRNA-34a-5p through Targeting NFE2L2 Expression in High-Fat Diet-Fed db/db Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010092. [PMID: 35052597 PMCID: PMC8773012 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become epidemic worldwide and is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The molecular mechanisms of microRNAs in NAFLD and T2DM development and the corresponding therapies remain unclear. We performed microRNA microarray validation to determine whether hepatic miR-34a-5p was significantly upregulated in db/db mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), a mouse model of T2DM with steatohepatitis. The potential role of miR-34a-5p and gallic acid (GA) in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and diabetic steatosis was explored. GA improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes and suppressed lipid accumulation in the HFD-induced steatotic liver of db/db mice. In vitro, the silencing of miR-34a-5p in hepatocyte HepG2 cells ameliorated high glucose + oleic acid/palmitic acid mixture–induced accumulation of cellular triglycerides. We identified nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) as a direct target of miR-34a-5p. Reduction in intracellular triglyceride and the expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase by GA were mediated by the inhibition of miR-34a-5p expression in HepG2 cells. The findings suggest that GA improves hepatic lipogenesis by downregulating miR-34a-5p by suppressing NFE2L2 expression, indicating the potential therapeutic role of GA or an NFE2L2-activating agent in diabetic fatty liver disease.
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Meng Z, Liang H, Zhao J, Gao J, Liu C, Ma X, Liu J, Liang B, Jiao X, Cao J, Wang Y. HMOX1 upregulation promotes ferroptosis in diabetic atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2021; 284:119935. [PMID: 34508760 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerotic vascular disease remains the principal cause of death and disability among patients with type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, the problem is not adequately resolved by therapeutic strategies with currently available drugs or approaches that solely focus on optimal glycemic control. To identify the key contributors and better understand the mechanism of diabetic atherosclerotic vascular disease, we aimed to elucidate the key genetic characteristics and pathological pathways in atherosclerotic vascular disease through nonbiased bioinformatics analysis and subsequent experimental demonstration and exploration in diabetic atherosclerotic vascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-eight upregulated and 23 downregulated genes were identified from the analysis of gene expression profiles (GSE30169 and GSE6584). A comprehensive bioinformatic assay further identified that ferroptosis, a new type of programmed cell death and HMOX1 (a gene that encodes heme oxygenase), were vital factors in atherosclerotic vascular disease. We further demonstrated that diabetes significantly increased ferroptosis and HMOX1 levels compared to normal controls. Importantly, the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) effectively attenuated diabetic atherosclerosis, suggesting the causative role of ferroptosis in diabetic atherosclerosis development. At the cellular level, Fer-1 ameliorated high glucose high lipid-induced lipid peroxidation and downregulated ROS production. More importantly, HMOX1 knockdown attenuated Fe2+ overload, reduced iron content and ROS, and alleviated lipid peroxidation, which led to a reduction in ferroptosis in diabetic human endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that HMOX1 upregulation is responsible for the increased ferroptosis in diabetic atherosclerosis development, suggesting that HMOX1 may serve as a potential therapeutic or drug development target for diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Meng
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Hongping Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiangying Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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19
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Tavassoli H, Heidarianpour A. Associations Between Betatrophin with Irisin and Metabolic Factors: Effects of Exercise Training in Diabetic Rats. Am J Med Sci 2021; 362:496-505. [PMID: 34077706 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin and betatrophin are involved in insulin resistance. We investigated the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise (AE/RE) and de-training (cessation of the training after the AE/RE) on betatrophin, irisin and some metabolic factors in rats. METHODS Wistar rats were assigned into six groups: non-diabetic rats (C), non-diabetic rats that performed AE/RE, diabetic rats (Dia), and diabetic rats that performed AE/RE (Dia+AE and Dia+RE). Diabetes was induced by high-fat diet/streptozotocin model. The rats de-trained for four weeks after the 12-week exercise training. Blood samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and statistical analyses were performed using repeated measures and 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The 12-week ET improved homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in the trained diabetic groups (p<0.05). ET reduced betatrophin level in the Dia+RE but not in the Dia+AE group. Positive correlations between betatrophin and body weight (r=0.547; p<0.01), and HOMA-IR (r=0.461; p<0.05) but a negative correlation with LDL-C and TC (r=-0.684, r=-0.669; both p<0.01) were observed, whereas no significant correlation was found between betatrophin and HDL-C and TG (r=-0.225, r=-0.360; both p>0.05). Betatrophin was correlated with irisin in the healthy rats but not the diabetic rats (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS It seems that RE has greater efficiency than AE in reducing betatrophin level and irisin resistance. However, de-training caused most of the improvements resulting from RE to be lost, but not the improvements resulting from AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Tavassoli
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Ali Heidarianpour
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Leblhuber F, Ehrlich D, Steiner K, Geisler S, Fuchs D, Lanser L, Kurz K. The Immunopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease Is Related to the Composition of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:361. [PMID: 33504065 PMCID: PMC7912578 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Commensal and pathogenic enteric bacteria can influence brain and immune system function by the production of lipopolysaccharides and amyloid. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome induces local and consecutively systemic immune-mediated inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines then trigger neuroinflammation and finally neurodegeneration. Immune-mediated oxidative stress can lead to a deficiency of vitamins and essential micronutrients. Furthermore, the wrong composition of gut microbiota might impair the intake and metabolization of nutrients. In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) significant alterations of the gut microbiota have been demonstrated. Standard Western diet, infections, decreased physical activity and chronic stress impact the composition and diversity of gut microbiota. A higher abundancy of "pro-inflammatory" gut microbiota goes along with enhanced systemic inflammation and neuroinflammatory processes. Thus, AD beginning in the gut is closely related to the imbalance of gut microbiota. Modulation of gut microbiota by Mediterranean diet, probiotics and curcumin can slow down cognitive decline and alter the gut microbiome significantly. A multi-domain intervention approach addressing underlying causes of AD (inflammation, infections, metabolic alterations like insulin resistance and nutrient deficiency, stress) appears very promising to reduce or even reverse cognitive decline by exerting positive effects on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Leblhuber
- Department of Gerontology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Clinic, Linz A-4020, Austria; (F.L.); (D.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Daniela Ehrlich
- Department of Gerontology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Clinic, Linz A-4020, Austria; (F.L.); (D.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Kostja Steiner
- Department of Gerontology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Clinic, Linz A-4020, Austria; (F.L.); (D.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Simon Geisler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; (S.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; (S.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Lukas Lanser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria;
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria;
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21
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MacCannell ADV, Futers TS, Whitehead A, Moran A, Witte KK, Roberts LD. Sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1773-1781. [PMID: 34002038 PMCID: PMC8310795 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of obesity is growing globally. Adiposity increases the risk for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue distribution influences systemic metabolism and impacts metabolic disease risk. The link between sexual dimorphisms of adiposity and metabolism is poorly defined. We hypothesise that depot-specific adipose tissue mitochondrial function contributes to the sexual dimorphism of metabolic flexibility in obesity. METHODS Male and female mice fed high fat diet (HFD) or standard diet (STD) from 8-18 weeks of age underwent whole animal calorimetry and high-resolution mitochondrial respirometry analysis on adipose tissue depots. To determine translatability we used RT-qPCR to examine key brown adipocyte-associated gene expression: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator 1α, Uncoupling protein 1 and cell death inducing DFFA like effector a in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) of 18-week-old mice and sWAT from human volunteers. RESULTS Male mice exhibited greater weight gain compared to female mice when challenged with HFD. Relative to increased body mass, the adipose to body weight ratio for BAT and sWAT depots was increased in HFD-fed males compared to female HFD-fed mice. Oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio and food consumption did not differ between males and females fed HFD. BAT mitochondria from obese females showed increased Complex I & II respiration and maximal respiration compared to lean females whereas obese males did not exhibit adaptive mitochondrial BAT respiration. Sexual dimorphism in BAT-associated gene expression in sWAT was also associated with Body Mass Index in humans. CONCLUSIONS We show that sexual dimorphism of weight gain is reflected in mitochondrial respiration analysis. Female mice have increased metabolic flexibility to adapt to changes in energy intake by regulating energy expenditure through increased complex II and maximal mitochondrial respiration within BAT when HFD challenged and increased proton leak in sWAT mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D. V. MacCannell
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT UK
| | - T. Simon Futers
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT UK
| | - Anna Whitehead
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT UK
| | - Amy Moran
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT UK
| | - Klaus K. Witte
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT UK
| | - Lee D. Roberts
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT UK
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22
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Hu S, Togo J, Wang L, Wu Y, Yang D, Xu Y, Li L, Li B, Li M, Li J, Wang G, Zhang X, Niu C, Mazidi M, Douglas A, Speakman JR. Effects of dietary macronutrients and body composition on glucose homeostasis in mice. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa177. [PMID: 34691555 PMCID: PMC8288336 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major health issue, obesity is linked with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes. However, whether disrupted glucose homeostasis is due to altered body composition alone, or whether dietary macronutrients play an additional role, independent of their impact on body composition, remains unclear. We investigated the associations between macronutrients, body composition, blood hormones and glucose homeostasis. We fed C57BL/6N mice 29 different diets with variable macronutrients for 12 weeks. After 10 weeks, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were performed. Generalized linear models were generated to evaluate the impacts of macronutrients, body composition and blood hormones on glucose homeostasis. The area under the glucose curve (AUC) was strongly associated with body fat mass, but not dietary macronutrients. AUC was significantly associated with fasting insulin levels. Six genes from transcriptomic analysis of epididymal white adipose tissue and subcutaneous white adipose tissue were significantly associated with AUC. These genes may encode secreted proteins that play important previously unanticipated roles in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jacques Togo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingga Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dengbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Dali, Dali 671000, China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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23
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Oprić D, Stankovich AD, Nenadović A, Kovačević S, Obradović DD, de Luka S, Nešović-Ostojić J, Milašin J, Ilić AŽ, Trbovich AM. Fractal analysis tools for early assessment of liver inflammation induced by chronic consumption of linseed, palm and sunflower oils. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Shakya A, Chaudary SK, Garabadu D, Bhat HR, Kakoti BB, Ghosh SK. A Comprehensive Review on Preclinical Diabetic Models. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:104-116. [PMID: 31074371 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190510112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical experimental models historically play a critical role in the exploration and characterization of disease pathophysiology. Further, these in-vivo and in-vitro preclinical experiments help in target identification, evaluation of novel therapeutic agents and validation of treatments. INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder of multidimensional aetiologies with the cardinal feature of chronic hyperglycemia. To avoid or minimize late complications of diabetes and related costs, primary prevention and early treatment are therefore necessary. Due to its chronic manifestations, new treatment strategies need to be developed, because of the limited effectiveness of the current therapies. METHODS The study included electronic databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus. The datasets were searched for entries of studies up to June, 2018. RESULTS A large number of in-vivo and in-vitro models have been presented for evaluating the mechanism of anti-hyperglycaemic effect of drugs in hormone-, chemically-, pathogen-induced animal models of diabetes mellitus. The advantages and limitations of each model have also been addressed in this review. CONCLUSION This review encompasses the wide pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms associated with diabetes, particularly focusing on the challenges associated with the evaluation and predictive validation of these models as ideal animal models for preclinical assessments and discovering new drugs and therapeutic agents for translational application in humans. This review may further contribute to discover a novel drug to treat diabetes more efficaciously with minimum or no side effects. Furthermore, it also highlights ongoing research and considers the future perspectives in the field of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Chaudary
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Debapriya Garabadu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura - 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Surajit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India
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25
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Adipocyte Specific HO-1 Gene Therapy is Effective in Antioxidant Treatment of Insulin Resistance and Vascular Function in an Obese Mice Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010040. [PMID: 31906399 PMCID: PMC7022335 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for vascular dysfunction and insulin resistance. The study aim was to demonstrate that adipocyte-specific HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) gene therapy is a therapeutic approach for preventing the development of obesity-induced metabolic disease in an obese-mice model. Specific expression of HO-1 in adipose tissue was achieved by using a lentiviral vector expressing HO-1 under the control of the adiponectin vector (Lnv-adipo-HO-1). Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) developed adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased levels of inflammatory adipokines, insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction, and impaired heart mitochondrial signaling. These detrimental effects were prevented by the selective expression of HO-1 in adipocytes. Lnv-adipo-HO-1-transfected mice on a HFD display increased cellular respiration, increased oxygen consumption, increased mitochondrial function, and decreased adipocyte size. Moreover, RNA arrays confirmed that targeting adipocytes with HO-1 overrides the genetic susceptibility of adiposopathy and correlated with restoration of the expression of anti-inflammatory, thermogenic, and mitochondrial genes. Our data demonstrate that HO-1 gene therapy improved adipose tissue function and had positive impact on distal organs, suggesting that specific targeting of HO-1 gene therapy is an attractive therapeutic approach for improving insulin sensitivity, metabolic activity, and vascular function in obesity.
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Padin AC, Hébert JR, Woody A, Wilson SJ, Shivappa N, Belury MA, Malarkey WB, Sheridan JF, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. A proinflammatory diet is associated with inflammatory gene expression among healthy, non-obese adults: Can social ties protect against the risks? Brain Behav Immun 2019; 82:36-44. [PMID: 31356923 PMCID: PMC6800628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Western diet, characterized by high intake of saturated fat, sugar, and salt, is associated with elevated inflammation and chronic disease risk. Few studies have investigated molecular mechanisms linking diet and inflammation; however, a small number of randomized controlled trials suggest that consuming an anti-inflammatory diet (i.e., a primarily plant-based diet rich in monounsaturated fat and lean protein) decreases proinflammatory gene expression. The current study investigated the association between everyday diet and proinflammatory gene expression, as well as the extent to which central adiposity and social involvement modulate risk. Participants were healthy middle-aged and older adults (N = 105) who completed a food frequency questionnaire and reported how many close social roles they have. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples also were collected; gene expression data were analyzed from LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The inflammatory potential of each participant's diet was calculated using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®). Participants with higher DII® scores, indicating a more proinflammatory diet, had greater IL-6 (b = -0.02, SE = 0.008, p = .01), IL-1β (b = -0.01, SE = 0.006, p = .03), and TNF-α (b = -0.01, SE = 0.005, p = .04) gene expression if they had a smaller sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD); effects were not seen among those with higher SADs. Social involvement served a protective role, such that participants with smaller SADs had greater IL-6 (b = 0.01, SE = 0.004, p = .049) and IL-1β (b = 0.01, SE = 0.003, p = .045) gene expression only if they had less social involvement; there was no effect of diet on gene expression among those who reported greater social participation. Results are the first to demonstrate a link between self-reported diet and proinflammatory gene expression. Importantly, the effect of diet on gene expression depended upon both body fat composition and social participation, both of which have previously been linked directly with proinflammatory gene expression and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelina C Padin
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, United States; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, United States.
| | - James R Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, United States; Connecting Health Innovations LLC, United States
| | - Alex Woody
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, United States
| | - Stephanie J Wilson
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, United States
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, United States; Connecting Health Innovations LLC, United States
| | - Martha A Belury
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, United States; Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - William B Malarkey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, United States
| | - John F Sheridan
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, United States; College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, United States
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, United States
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Neyrinck AM, Catry E, Taminiau B, Cani PD, Bindels LB, Daube G, Dessy C, Delzenne NM. Chitin-glucan and pomegranate polyphenols improve endothelial dysfunction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14150. [PMID: 31578395 PMCID: PMC6775069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular dysfunction is the primary event in the occurrence of cardio-vascular risk, and no treatment exists until now. We tested for the first time the hypothesis that chitin-glucan (CG) - an insoluble fibre with prebiotic properties- and polyphenol-rich pomegranate peel extract (PPE) can improve endothelial and inflammatory disorders in a mouse model of cardiovascular disease (CVD), namely by modulating the gut microbiota. Male Apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE-/-) mice fed a high fat (HF) diet developed a significant endothelial dysfunction attested by atherosclerotic plaques and increasing abundance of caveolin-1 in aorta. The supplementation with CG + PPE in the HF diet reduced inflammatory markers both in the liver and in the visceral adipose tissue together with a reduction of hepatic triglycerides. In addition, it increased the activating form of endothelial NO-synthase in mesenteric arteries and the heme-nitrosylated haemoglobin (Hb-NO) blood levels as compared with HF fed ApoE-/- mice, suggesting a higher capacity of mesenteric arteries to produce nitric oxide (NO). This study allows to pinpoint gut bacteria, namely Lactobacillus and Alistipes, that could be implicated in the management of endothelial and inflammatory dysfunctions associated with CVD, and to unravel the role of nutrition in the modulation of those bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Catry
- Metabolism and Nutrition research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Catholic University of Louvain for Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Chantal Dessy
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Singh SP, McClung JA, Thompson E, Glick Y, Greenberg M, Acosta‐Baez G, Edris B, Shapiro JI, Abraham NG. Cardioprotective Heme Oxygenase-1-PGC1α Signaling in Epicardial Fat Attenuates Cardiovascular Risk in Humans as in Obese Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1634-1643. [PMID: 31441604 PMCID: PMC6756945 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether levels of signaling pathways and inflammatory adipokines in epicardial fat regulate cardiovascular risks in humans and mice. METHODS Epicardial fat was obtained from the hearts of patients with heart failure requiring coronary artery bypass surgery, and signaling pathways were compared with visceral fat. The genetic profile of epicardial and visceral fat from humans was also compared with genetic profiles of epicardial and visceral fat in obese mice. Left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening was measured in obese mice before and after treatment with inducers of mitochondrial signaling heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α). An RNA array/heat map on 88 genes that regulate adipose tissue function was used to identify a target gene network. RESULTS Human epicardial fat gene profiling showed decreased levels of mitochondrial signaling of HO-1-PGC1α and increased levels of the inflammatory adipokine CCN family member 3. Similar observations were seen in epicardial and visceral fat of obese mice. Improvement in LV function was linked to the increase in mitochondrial signaling in epicardial fat of obese mice. CONCLUSIONS There is a link between cardiac ectopic fat deposition and cardiac function in humans that is similar to that which is described in obese mice. An increase of mitochondrial signaling pathway gene expression in epicardial fat attenuates cardiometabolic dysfunction and LV fractional shortening in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A. McClung
- Department of MedicineNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNew YorkUSA
| | - Ellen Thompson
- Department of CardiologyJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Yosef Glick
- Department of PharmacologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Giancarlo Acosta‐Baez
- Department of CardiologyJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Basel Edris
- Department of CardiologyJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Department of Internal MedicineJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Department of PharmacologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNew YorkUSA
- Department of MedicineNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNew YorkUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
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Fan Q, Yin X, Rababa'h A, Diaz Diaz A, Wijaya CS, Singh S, Suryavanshi SV, Vo HH, Saeed M, Zhang Y, McConnell BK. Absence of gravin-mediated signaling inhibits development of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H793-H810. [PMID: 31441691 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00215.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gravin, an A-kinase anchoring protein, is known to play a role in regulating key processes that lead to inflammation and atherosclerosis development, namely, cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. We investigated the role of gravin in the development of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. Five-week-old male wild-type (WT) and gravin-t/t mice were fed a normal diet or an HFD for 16 wk. Gravin-t/t mice showed significantly lower liver-to-body-weight ratio, cholesterol, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein levels in serum as compared with WT mice on HFD. Furthermore, there was less aortic plaque formation coupled with decreased lipid accumulation and liver damage, as the gravin-t/t mice had lower levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Additionally, gravin-t/t HFD-fed mice had decreased expression of liver 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, an essential enzyme for cholesterol synthesis and lower fatty acid synthase expression. Gravin-t/t HFD-fed mice also exhibited inhibition of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) expression, a liver transcription factor associated with the regulation of lipid transportation. In response to platelet-derived growth factor receptor treatment, gravin-t/t vascular smooth muscle cells exhibited lower intracellular calcium transients and decreased protein kinase A- and protein kinase C-dependent substrate phosphorylation, notably involving the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest the involvement of gravin-dependent regulation of lipid metabolism via the reduction of SREBP-2 expression. The absence of gravin-mediated signaling lowers blood pressure, reduces plaque formation in the aorta, and decreases lipid accumulation and damage in the liver of HFD mice. Through these processes, the absence of gravin-mediated signaling complex delays the HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The gravin scaffolding protein plays a key role in the multiple enzymatic pathways of lipid metabolism. We have shown for the first time the novel role of gravin in regulating the pathways related to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Specifically, an absence of gravin-mediated signaling decreases the lipid levels (cholesterol, triglyceride, and VLDL) that are associated with sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Fan
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xing Yin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Abeer Rababa'h
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Andrea Diaz Diaz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Cori S Wijaya
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sonal Singh
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Santosh V Suryavanshi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Henry Hiep Vo
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Moawiz Saeed
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley K McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Subramaniam A, Landstrom M, Hayes KC. Genetic Permissiveness and Dietary Glycemic Load Interact to Predict Type-II Diabetes in the Nile rat ( Arvicanthis niloticus). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071538. [PMID: 31284621 PMCID: PMC6683243 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) is a superior model for Type-II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) induced by diets with a high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GLoad). To better define the age and gender attributes of diabetes in early stages of progression, weanling rats were fed a high carbohydrate (hiCHO) diet for between 2 to 10 weeks. Methods: Data from four experiments compared two diabetogenic semipurified diets (Diet 133 (60:20:20, as % energy from CHO, fat, protein with a high glycemic load (GLoad) of 224 per 2000 kcal) versus Diets 73 MBS or 73 MB (70:10:20 with or without sucrose and higher GLoads of 259 or 295, respectively). An epidemiological technique was used to stratify the diabetes into quintiles of blood glucose (Q1 to Q5), after 2–10 weeks of dietary induction in 654 rats. The related metagenetic physiological growth and metabolic outcomes were related to the degree of diabetes based on fasting blood glucose (FBG), random blood glucose (RBG), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 30 min and 60 min. Results: Experiment 1 (Diet 73MBS) demonstrated that the diabetes begins aggressively in weanlings during the first 2 weeks of a hiCHO challenge, linking genetic permissiveness to diabetes susceptibility or resistance from an early age. In Experiment 2, ninety male Nile rats fed Diet 133 (60:20:20) for 10 weeks identified two quintiles of resistant rats (Q1,Q2) that lowered their RBG between 6 weeks and 10 weeks on diet, whereas Q3–Q5 became progressively more diabetic, suggesting an ongoing struggle for control over glucose metabolism, which either stabilized or not, depending on genetic permissiveness. Experiment 3 (32 males fed 70:10:20) and Experiment 4 (30 females fed 60:20:20) lasted 8 weeks and 3 weeks respectively, for gender and time comparisons. The most telling link between a quintile rank and diabetes risk was telegraphed by energy intake (kcal/day) that established the cumulative GLoad per rat for the entire trial, which was apparent from the first week of feeding. This genetic permissiveness associated with hyperphagia across quintiles was maintained throughout the study and was mirrored in body weight gain without appreciable differences in feed efficiency. This suggests that appetite and greater growth rate linked to a fiber-free high GLoad diet were the dominant factors driving the diabetes. Male rats fed the highest GLoad diet (Diet 73MB 70:10:20, GLoad 295 per 2000 kcal for 8 weeks in Experiment 3], ate more calories and developed diabetes even more aggressively, again emphasizing the Cumulative GLoad as a primary stressor for expressing the genetic permissiveness underlying the diabetes. Conclusion: Thus, the Nile rat model, unlike other rodents but similar to humans, represents a superior model for high GLoad, low-fiber diets that induce diabetes from an early age in a manner similar to the dietary paradigm underlying T2DM in humans, most likely originating in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K C Hayes
- Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
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31
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Chisada S, Sugiyama A. Renal lesions in leptin receptor-deficient medaka ( Oryzias latipes). J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:297-303. [PMID: 31719758 PMCID: PMC6831499 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the renal lesions of leptin receptor-deficient
medaka showing hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia and to evaluate the usefulness of the
medaka as a model of diabetic nephropathy. Leptin receptor-deficient medaka at 20 and 30
weeks of age showed hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia; they also showed a higher level of
plasma creatinine than the control medaka. Histopathologically, dilation of glomerular
capillary lumina and of afferent/efferent arterioles was observed in leptin
receptor-deficient medaka at 20 weeks of age, and then glomerular enlargement with cell
proliferation and matrix expansion, formation of fibrin cap-like lesions, glomerular
atrophy with Bowman’s capsule dilation, and renal tubule dilation were observed at 30
weeks of age. These histopathological characteristics of leptin receptor-deficient medaka
were similar to the characteristics of kidney lesions of human and rodent models of type
II diabetes mellitus, making leptin receptor-deficient medaka a useful model of diabetic
nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Chisada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sugiyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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Oppi S, Lüscher TF, Stein S. Mouse Models for Atherosclerosis Research-Which Is My Line? Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:46. [PMID: 31032262 PMCID: PMC6473202 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the primary causes of cardiovascular disease and mortality. This chronic immunometabolic disease evolves during decades in humans and encompasses different organs and immune cell types, as well as local and systemic processes that promote the progression of the disease. The most frequently used animal model to study these atherogenic processes and inter-organ crosstalk in a short time frame are genetically modified mouse models. Some models have been used throughout the last decades, and some others been developed recently. These models have important differences in cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism, reverse cholesterol transport pathway, obesity and diabetes as well as inflammatory processes. Therefore, the disease develops and progresses differently in the various mouse models. Since atherosclerosis is a multifaceted disease and many processes contribute to its progression, the choice of the right mouse model is important to study specific aspects of the disease. We will describe the different mouse models and provide a roadmap to facilitate current and future atherosclerosis researchers to choose the right model depending on their scientific question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Oppi
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F. Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Heart Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Shu Z, Gao Y, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Cao J, Wan D, Zhu X, Xiong W. A functional interaction between Hippo-YAP signalling and SREBPs mediates hepatic steatosis in diabetic mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3616-3628. [PMID: 30821074 PMCID: PMC6484311 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of organ size and tumorigenesis that negatively regulates cell growth and survival. Whether the Hippo pathway regulates cell metabolism is unknown. Here, we report that in the nucleus of hepatocytes, Yes‐associated protein(YAP)—the terminal effector of the Hippo pathway—directly interacts with sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP‐1c and SREBP‐2) on the promoters of the fatty acid synthase (FAS) and 30‐hydroxylmethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), thereby stimulating their transcription and promoting hepatocyte lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis. In diet‐induced diabetic mice, either Lats1 overexpression or YAP knockdown protects against hepatic steatosis and hyperlipidaemia through suppression of the interaction between YAP and SREBP‐1c/SREBP‐2. These results suggest that YAP is a nuclear co‐factor of SREBPs and that the Hippo pathway negatively affects hepatocyte lipogenesis by inhibiting the function of YAP‐SREBP complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Shu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guopeng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongyi Wan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqian Xiong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Safahani M, Aligholi H, Noorbakhsh F, Djalali M, Pishva H, Mousavi SMM, Alipour F, Gorji A, Koohdani F. Resveratrol promotes the arcuate nucleus architecture remodeling to produce more anorexigenic neurons in high-fat-diet–fed mice. Nutrition 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Guillén-Enríquez C, López-Teros V, Martín-Orozco U, López-Díaz JA, Del Hierro-Ochoa J, Ramos-Jiménez A, Astiazarán-García H, Martínez-Ruiz NDR, Wall-Medrano A. Selected Physiological Effects of a Garcinia Gummi-Gutta Extract in Rats Fed with Different Hypercaloric Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E565. [PMID: 29734675 PMCID: PMC5986445 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinia gummi-gutta (GGG) rind extract is effective for reducing appetite, body weight and adiposity of obese rodents fed high-fat (HF), high-sugar (HS) or high fat/sugar (HFS)-based diets, but these effects have not been simultaneously evaluated. Thirty obese (~425 g) male Wistar rats were fed for eleven weeks with six hypercaloric diets (4.1 kcal/g; five rats/diet) non-supplemented (HF, HS, HFS), or supplemented (HF+, HS+, HFS+) with GGG extract (5.9%), while rats from the control group (375 g) were fed a normocaloric diet (3.5 kcal/g). Body weight, dietary intake, body fat distribution, and histological and biochemical parameters were recorded. Compared to control rats, non-supplemented and supplemented groups consumed significantly less food (14.3% and 24.6% (−4.3 g/day), respectively) (p < 0.05). Weight loss was greater in the HF+ group (35⁻52 g), which consumed 1.9 times less food than the HS+ or HFS+ fed groups. The HF and HFS groups showed 40% less plasma triacylglycerides and lower glucose levels compared to the HF+. GGG-supplemented diets were associated with lower ketonuria. The HF+ diet was associated with the best anti-adiposity effect (as measured with the dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and Soxhlet methods). The severity of hepatocyte lipidosis was HF > control > HF+, and no signs of toxicity in the testes were observed. The results indicate that GGG is more effective when co-administered with HF diets in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Guillén-Enríquez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Veronica López-Teros
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Ubicelio Martín-Orozco
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - José A López-Díaz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Julio Del Hierro-Ochoa
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Humberto Astiazarán-García
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC (Unidad Hermosillo), Coordinación de Nutrición, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, AP 1735, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Nina Del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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Zhang L, Li J, Zhang P, Gao Z, Zhao Y, Qiao X, Chen C. PI4KIIα regulates insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis via a PKD-dependent pathway. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2018; 4:25-38. [PMID: 29577067 PMCID: PMC5860104 DOI: 10.1007/s41048-018-0049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin release by pancreatic β cells plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels in humans, and to understand the mechanism for insulin secretion may reveal therapeutic strategies for diabetes. We found that PI4KIIα transgenic (TG) mice have abnormal glucose tolerance and higher serum glucose levels than wild-type mice. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was significantly reduced in both PI4KIIα TG mice and PI4KIIα-overexpressing pancreatic β cell lines. A proximity-based biotin labeling technique, BioID, was used to identify proteins that interact with PI4KIIα, and the results revealed that PI4KIIα interacts with PKD and negatively regulates its activity. The effect of PI4KIIα on insulin secretion was completely rescued by altering PKD activity. PI4KIIα overexpression also worsened glucose tolerance in streptozotocin/high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice by impairing insulin secretion. Our study has shed new light on PI4KIIα function and mechanism in diabetes and identified PI4KIIα as an important regulator of insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunfeng Zhang
- 1National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China.,2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jiangmei Li
- 1National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China.,3Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- 3Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Zhen Gao
- 1National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China.,2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- 1National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China.,3Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Xinhua Qiao
- 1National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China.,2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Chang Chen
- 1National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China.,2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China.,4Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069 China
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Subramaniam A, Landstrom M, Luu A, Hayes KC. The Nile Rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) as a Superior Carbohydrate-Sensitive Model for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020235. [PMID: 29463026 PMCID: PMC5852811 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease involving complex genetic and environmental interactions. No single animal model has so far mirrored all the characteristics or complications of diabetes in humans. Since this disease represents a chronic nutritional insult based on a diet bearing a high glycemic load, the ideal model should recapitulate the underlying dietary issues. Most rodent models have three shortcomings: (1) they are genetically or chemically modified to produce diabetes; (2) unlike humans, most require high-fat feeding; (3) and they take too long to develop diabetes. By contrast, Nile rats develop diabetes rapidly (8-10 weeks) with high-carbohydrate (hiCHO) diets, similar to humans, and are protected by high fat (with low glycemic load) intake. This review describes diabetes progression in the Nile rat, including various aspects of breeding, feeding, and handling for best experimental outcomes. The diabetes is characterized by a striking genetic permissiveness influencing hyperphagia and hyperinsulinemia; random blood glucose is the best index of disease progression; and kidney failure with chronic morbidity and death are outcomes, all of which mimic uncontrolled T2DM in humans. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also described in diabetic humans, results from hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation associated with rising blood glucose. Protection is afforded by low glycemic load diets rich in certain fibers or polyphenols. Accordingly, the Nile rat provides a unique opportunity to identify the nutritional factors and underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that characterize human T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Luu
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
| | - K C Hayes
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
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Wu H, Liu Q, Kalavagunta PK, Huang Q, Lv W, An X, Chen H, Wang T, Heriniaina RM, Qiao T, Shang J. Normal diet Vs High fat diet - A comparative study: Behavioral and neuroimmunological changes in adolescent male mice. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:177-190. [PMID: 29101600 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has established that consumption of High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is associated with deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory/learning and mood states. Nevertheless the link between obesity and emotional disorders still remains to be elucidated. This issue is of particular interest during adolescence, which is important period for shaping learning/memory and mood regulation that can be sensitive to the detrimental effects of HFD. Our present study is focused to investigate behavioral and metabolic influences of short-term HFD intake in adolescent C57BL/6 mice. HFD caused weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and depression-like behavior as early as after 3 weeks which was clearly proved by a decrease in number of groomings in the open field test (OFT) and an increase in immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST). In the 4th week HFD induced obese model was fully developed and above behavioral symptoms were more dominant (decrease in number of crossings and groomings and increase in immobility time in both FST and TST). At the end of 6th week hippocampal analysis revealed the differences in morphology (reduced Nissl positive neurons and decreased the 5-HT1A receptor expression), neuronal survival (increased cleaved caspase-3 expression), synaptic plasticity (down regulation of p-CREB and BDNF), and inflammatory responses (increase in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decrease in expression of anti-inflammatory cyokines) in HFD mice. Our results demonstrate that, high-fat feeding of adolescent mice could provoke "depression-like" behavior as early as 3 weeks and modulate structure, neuron survival and neuroinflammation in hippocampus as early as 6 weeks proving that adolescent age is much prone to adverse effects of HFD, which causes obesity, behavioral differences, memory and learning deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiongzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Praveen Kumar Kalavagunta
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qiaoling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wenting Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaohong An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Haijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, QingHai Province, 810008, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Rakotomalala Manda Heriniaina
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tong Qiao
- Vascular Surgery Department, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, QingHai Province, 810008, China.
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Baked corn ( Zea mays L.) and bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) snack consumption lowered serum lipids and differentiated liver gene expression in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet by inhibiting PPARγ and SREBF2. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 50:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Frantz EDC, Medeiros RF, Giori IG, Lima JBS, Bento-Bernardes T, Gaique TG, Fernandes-Santos C, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM, Vieira CP, Conte-Junior CA, Oliveira KJ, Nobrega ACL. Exercise training modulates the hepatic renin-angiotensin system in fructose-fed rats. Exp Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28626963 DOI: 10.1113/ep085924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the effects of exercise training on the hepatic renin-angiotensin system and their contribution to damage resulting from fructose overload in rats? What is the main finding and its importance? Exercise training attenuated the deleterious actions of the angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis and increased expression of the counter-regulatory (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin (1-7)/Mas receptor) axis in the liver. Therefore, our study provides evidence that exercise training modulates the hepatic renin-angiotensin system, which contributes to reducing the progression of metabolic dysfunction and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in fructose-fed rats. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome. We investigated whether the hepatic RAS is modulated by exercise training and whether this modulation improves the deleterious effects of fructose overload in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into (n = 8 each) control (CT), exercise control (CT-Ex), high-fructose (HFr) and exercise high-fructose (HFr-Ex) groups. Fructose-drinking rats received d-fructose (100 g l-1 ). After 2 weeks, CT-Ex and HFr-Ex rats were assigned to a treadmill training protocol at moderate intensity for 8 weeks (60 min day-1 , 4 days per week). We assessed body mass, glucose and lipid metabolism, hepatic histopathology, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity, the angiotensin concentration and the expression profile of proteins affecting the hepatic RAS, gluconeogenesis and inflammation. Neither fructose overload nor exercise training influenced body mass gain and serum ACE and ACE2 activity. The HFr group showed hyperinsulinaemia, but exercise training normalized this parameter. Exercise training was effective in preventing hepatic steatosis and in preventing triacylglycerol and glycogen accumulation. Furthermore, exercise improved the response to the deleterious effects of HFr overload by normalizing the gluconeogenesis pathway and the protein levels of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α. The HFr rats displayed increased hepatic ACE activity and protein expression and angiotensin II concentration, which were attenuated by exercise training. Exercise training restored the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis. Exercise training may favour the counter-regulatory ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis over the classical RAS (ACE/angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis), which could be responsible for the reduction of metabolic dysfunction and the prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Frauches Medeiros
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabele Gomes Giori
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Bento-Bernardes
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thaiane Gadioli Gaique
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Paulo Vieira
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karen Jesus Oliveira
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas Nobrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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Wang H, Zhou J, Liu QZ, Wang LL, Shang J. Simvastatin and Bezafibrate ameliorate Emotional disorder Induced by High fat diet in C57BL/6 mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2335. [PMID: 28539670 PMCID: PMC5443827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorders may lead to emotional disorders. This study aimed to explore the effect of simvastatin (SMV) and bezafibrate (BZ) on improving HFD-induced emotional changes, and tried to identify their different mechanisms. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was used to evaluate glucose control ability; and behavior tests including open field tests (OFT), forced swimming tests (FST), tail suspension tests (TST) and sucrose preference (SPT), were then performed to evaluate emotional changes. Serum samples were collected for the LC-MS based metabolomics analysis to explore the emotional-related differential compounds; we then evaluated the effect of the drugs. The abnormal serum metabolic profiling and emotional changes caused by HFD in mice was alleviated by SMV treatment, whereas BZ only affected the emotional disorder. The improvement of cannabinoid analogues and then produced influences on the endocannabinoid system, which may be a potential mechanism SMV action. BZ promoted tryptophan-serotonin pathway and inhibited tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, which may be its mechanism of action. Here, we proposed a shed light on the biological mechanisms underlying the observed effects, and identified an important drug candidate for the treatment of emotional disorders induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qiong Zhen Liu
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai Province, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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von Scheidt M, Zhao Y, Kurt Z, Pan C, Zeng L, Yang X, Schunkert H, Lusis AJ. Applications and Limitations of Mouse Models for Understanding Human Atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2017; 25:248-261. [PMID: 27916529 PMCID: PMC5484632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most of the biological understanding of mechanisms underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) derives from studies of mouse models. The identification of multiple CAD loci and strong candidate genes in large human genome-wide association studies (GWASs) presented an opportunity to examine the relevance of mouse models for the human disease. We comprehensively reviewed the mouse literature, including 827 literature-derived genes, and compared it to human data. First, we observed striking concordance of risk factors for atherosclerosis in mice and humans. Second, there was highly significant overlap of mouse genes with human genes identified by GWASs. In particular, of the 46 genes with strong association signals in CAD GWASs that were studied in mouse models, all but one exhibited consistent effects on atherosclerosis-related phenotypes. Third, we compared 178 CAD-associated pathways derived from human GWASs with 263 from mouse studies and observed that the majority were consistent between the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz von Scheidt
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zeyneb Kurt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Lee YT, Lin HY, Chan YWF, Li KHC, To OTL, Yan BP, Liu T, Li G, Wong WT, Keung W, Tse G. Mouse models of atherosclerosis: a historical perspective and recent advances. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:12. [PMID: 28095860 PMCID: PMC5240327 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both the developed and developing countries. Animal models of atherosclerosis have served as valuable tools for providing insights on its aetiology, pathophysiology and complications. They can be used for invasive interrogation of physiological function and provide a platform for testing the efficacy and safety of different pharmacological therapies. Compared to studies using human subjects, animal models have the advantages of being easier to manage, with controllable diet and environmental risk factors. Moreover, pathophysiological changes can be induced either genetically or pharmacologically to study the harmful effects of these interventions. There is no single ideal animal model, as different systems are suitable for different research objectives. A good understanding of the similarities and differences to humans enables effective extrapolation of data for translational application. In this article, we will examine the different mouse models for the study and elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. We also review recent advances in the field, such as the role of oxidative stress in promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA damage, which can result in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Finally, novel therapeutic approaches to reduce vascular damage caused by chronic inflammation using microRNA and nano-medicine technology, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ting Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Hiu Yu Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | | | | | - Olivia Tsz Ling To
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Bryan P Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Wendy Keung
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
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Kalfon R, Koren L, Aviram S, Schwartz O, Hai T, Aronheim A. ATF3 expression in cardiomyocytes preserves homeostasis in the heart and controls peripheral glucose tolerance. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 113:134-146. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Molecular Imaging of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques in Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091511. [PMID: 27618031 PMCID: PMC5037788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by intimal plaques of the arterial vessels that develop slowly and, in some cases, may undergo spontaneous rupture with subsequent heart attack or stroke. Currently, noninvasive diagnostic tools are inadequate to screen atherosclerotic lesions at high risk of acute complications. Therefore, the attention of the scientific community has been focused on the use of molecular imaging for identifying vulnerable plaques. Genetically engineered murine models such as ApoE−/− and ApoE−/−Fbn1C1039G+/− mice have been shown to be useful for testing new probes targeting biomarkers of relevant molecular processes for the characterization of vulnerable plaques, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, P-selectin, and integrins, and for the potential development of translational tools to identify high-risk patients who could benefit from early therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes the main animal models of vulnerable plaques, with an emphasis on genetically altered mice, and the state-of-the-art preclinical molecular imaging strategies.
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Mouse Models of Diabetes, Obesity and Related Kidney Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162131. [PMID: 27579698 PMCID: PMC5006968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple rodent models have been used to study diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The purpose of the present study was to compare models of diabetes and obesity-induced metabolic syndrome and determine differences in renal outcomes. C57BL/6 male mice were fed either normal chow or high fat diet (HFD). At postnatal week 8, chow-fed mice were randomly assigned to low-dose streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg/day, five consecutive days) or vehicle control, whereas HFD-fed mice were given either one high-dose of STZ (100 mg/kg) or vehicle control. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were performed at Week 14, 20 and 30. Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and serum creatinine were measured, and renal structure was assessed using Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining at Week 32. Results showed that chow-fed mice exposed to five doses of STZ resembled type 1 diabetes mellitus with a lean phenotype, hyperglycaemia, microalbuminuria and increased serum creatinine levels. Their kidneys demonstrated moderate tubular injury with evidence of tubular dilatation and glycogenated nuclear inclusion bodies. HFD-fed mice resembled metabolic syndrome as they were obese with dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and significantly impaired glucose tolerance. One dose STZ, in addition to HFD, did not worsen metabolic features (including fasting glucose, non esterified fatty acid, and triglyceride levels). There were significant increases in urinary ACR and serum creatinine levels, and renal structural changes were predominantly related to interstitial vacuolation and tubular dilatation in HFD-fed mice.
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Cha JH, Kim SR, Kang HJ, Kim MH, Ha AW, Kim WK. Corn silk extract improves cholesterol metabolism in C57BL/6J mouse fed high-fat diets. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:501-506. [PMID: 27698957 PMCID: PMC5037067 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.5.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Corn silk (CS) extract contains large amounts of maysin, which is a major flavonoid in CS. However, studies regarding the effect of CS extract on cholesterol metabolism is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of CS extract on cholesterol metabolism in C57BL/6J mouse fed high-fat diets. MATERIALS/METHODS Normal-fat group fed 7% fat diet, high-fat (HF) group fed 25% fat diet, and high-fat with corn silk (HFCS) group were orally administered CS extract (100 mg/kg body weight) daily. Serum and hepatic levels of total lipids, triglycerides, and total cholesterol as well as serum free fatty acid, glucose, and insulin levels were determined. The mRNA expression levels of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), low-density lipoprotein receptor, 3-hyroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), adiponectin, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor α were determined. RESULTS Oral administration of CS extract with HF improved serum glucose and insulin levels as well as attenuated HF-induced fatty liver. CS extracts significantly elevated mRNA expression levels of adipocytokines and reduced mRNA expression levels of HMG-CoA reductase, ACAT, and FXR. The mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 and LCAT between the HF group and HFCS group were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS CS extract supplementation with a high-fat diet improves levels of adipocytokine secretion and glucose homeostasis. CS extract is also effective in decreasing the regulatory pool of hepatic cholesterol, in line with decreased blood and hepatic levels of cholesterol though modulation of mRNA expression levels of HMG-CoA reductase, ACAT, and FXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Cha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, 152, Juljeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yonin-si, Gyeonggi 16890, Korea
| | - Sun Rim Kim
- Agriculture Science Technology, 300 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk 54875, Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Kang
- Agriculture Science Technology, 300 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk 54875, Korea
| | - Myung Hwan Kim
- Department of Food Engineering, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - Ae Wha Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, 152, Juljeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yonin-si, Gyeonggi 16890, Korea
| | - Woo Kyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, 152, Juljeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yonin-si, Gyeonggi 16890, Korea
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Ichim TE, Patel AN, Shafer KA. Experimental support for the effects of a probiotic/digestive enzyme supplement on serum cholesterol concentrations and the intestinal microbiome. J Transl Med 2016; 14:184. [PMID: 27333764 PMCID: PMC4918082 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated levels of blood cholesterol are associated with cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapies for addressing elevated blood cholesterol can be inadequate, ineffective or associated with side effects; therefore, the search for additional therapies is ongoing. This study evaluated Daily Body Restore (DBR), a proprietary blend of 9 probiotic organisms of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and 10 digestive enzymes, for its effects on cholesterol metabolism using an in vitro system and a mouse model. Methods We used a murine model of hypercholesterolemia induced by a high fat diet to evaluate the effects of DBR on blood cholesterol concentrations. Hypercholesterolemic mice were supplemented with DBR in their drinking water for 8 weeks and compared to control mice given low fat diets or unsupplemented high fat diets. To evaluate the effects of DBR on the activity of gut microbiota in vitro, the Shime® system consisting of sequential colon reactors was supplemented with DBR for analysis of short chain fatty acid production. Results Analysis of hypercholesterolemic mice after 4 and 8 weeks of DBR supplementation revealed significant decreases in blood concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) while triglyceride concentrations were unaltered. Specifically, after 4 weeks of DBR supplementation, there was a 47 % decrease in LDL and a 32 % increase in HDL in peripheral blood compared to unsupplemented, high fat diet-fed mice. After 8 weeks of DBR treatment, LDL concentrations were dramatically reduced by 78 % and HDL was increased by 52 % relative to control mice. Addition of DBR to the Shime® system led to significantly increased production of propionate in colon reactors, indicative of microbial production of short chain fatty acids known to inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Conclusions DBR, a probiotic and digestive enzyme supplement, lowered harmful LDL and increased HDL levels in a mouse model and also exerted in vitro effects consistent with cholesterol-lowering activity. Given the magnitude of the effects of DBR, these findings are promising for clinical implementation of DBR for treating hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Ichim
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA.
| | - Amit N Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Catry E, Neyrinck AM, Lobysheva I, Pachikian BD, Van Hul M, Cani PD, Dessy C, Delzenne NM. Nutritional depletion in n-3 PUFA in apoE knock-out mice: A new model of endothelial dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2198-2207. [PMID: 27136390 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Western diets are characterized by low intake of n-3 PUFA compensated by constant amounts of n-6 PUFA. Reduced intake of n-3 PUFA is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, as observed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. The study aimed to evaluating the impact of dietary n-3 PUFA depletion on endothelial function, an early key event of cardiovascular diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS C57Bl/6J or apolipoprotein E knock-out (apoE-/- ) were fed control (CT) or n-3 PUFA-depleted diets (DEF) for 12 wks. Mice fed n-3 DEF diet developed a hepatic steatosis, linked to changes in hepatic expression of genes controlled by Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein-1 and -2. Vascular function was assessed on second- and third-order mesenteric arteries and n-3 PUFA-depleted apoE-/- mice presented endothelial dysfunction characterized by decreased vasorelaxation in response of acetylcholine. The presence of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor blunted the relaxation in each groups and heme-nitrosylated hemoglobin blood (Hb-NO) level was significantly lower in n-3 PUFA-depleted apoE-/- mice. CONCLUSION Twelve weeks of n-3 DEF diet promote steatosis and accelerate the process of endothelial dysfunction in apoE-/- mice by a mechanism involving the NOS/NO pathway. We propose n-3 PUFA-depleted apoE-/- mice as a new model to study endothelial dysfunction related to hepatic steatosis independently of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Catry
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Irina Lobysheva
- Pôle de Pharmacologie et Thérapeutique, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara D Pachikian
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wavre, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wavre, Belgium
| | - Chantal Dessy
- Pôle de Pharmacologie et Thérapeutique, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Choi JH, Pichiah PBT, Kim MJ, Cha YS. Cheonggukjang, a soybean paste fermented with B. licheniformis-67 prevents weight gain and improves glycemic control in high fat diet induced obese mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 59:31-8. [PMID: 27499576 PMCID: PMC4933689 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of soybean paste—Cheonggukjang, fermented with poly gamma glutamic acid producing Bacillus licheniformis-67 in diet induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Forty male C57BL/6J mice aged 4 weeks were divided into four dietary groups; normal diet control, high fat diet control, high fat diet containing 30% of unfermented soybean and high fat diet containing 30% Cheonggukjang fermented with Bacillus licheniformis-67. After 13 weeks of dietary intervention the mice were sacrificed; serum and tissue samples were examined. Serum and hepatic lipid profile, blood glucose, insulin, leptin level were lower (<0.05) along with the body weight and epididymal fat pad weight in the 30% Cheonggukjang supplemented group compared with the high fat diet control group. The expression level of lipid anabolic gene was significantly decreased; whereas the expression level of lipid catabolic genes were significantly increased in the 30% Cheonggukjang supplemented group compared to the high fat diet control group. Collectively, these results suggested that intake of Cheonggukjang fermented with Bacillus licheniformis-67 significantly prevents obesity related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Choi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - P B Tirupathi Pichiah
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
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