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Odawara T, Yamauchi S, Ichijo H. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 promotes inflammation in senescence and aging. Commun Biol 2024; 7:691. [PMID: 38839869 PMCID: PMC11153534 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress-induced, permanent cell cycle arrest involved in tumor suppression and aging. Senescent cells secrete bioactive molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been implicated in immune-mediated elimination of senescent cells and age-associated chronic inflammation. However, the mechanisms regulating the SASP are incompletely understood. Here, we show that the stress-responsive kinase apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) promotes inflammation in senescence and aging. ASK1 is activated during senescence and increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by activating p38, a kinase critical for the SASP. ASK1-deficient mice show impaired elimination of oncogene-induced senescent cells and an increased rate of tumorigenesis. Furthermore, ASK1 deficiency prevents age-associated p38 activation and inflammation and attenuates glomerulosclerosis. Our results suggest that ASK1 is a driver of the SASP and age-associated chronic inflammation and represents a potential therapeutic target for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Odawara
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Cell Signaling and Stress Responses Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute (ARIS), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Xiao Y, Vazquez-Padron RI, Martinez L, Singer HA, Woltmann D, Salman LH. Role of platelet factor 4 in arteriovenous fistula maturation failure: What do we know so far? J Vasc Access 2024; 25:390-406. [PMID: 35751379 PMCID: PMC9974241 DOI: 10.1177/11297298221085458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation failure remains unacceptably high despite continuous efforts on technique improvement and careful pre-surgery planning. In fact, half of all newly created AVFs are unable to be used for hemodialysis (HD) without a salvage procedure. While vascular stenosis in the venous limb of the access is the culprit, the underlying factors leading to vascular narrowing and AVF maturation failure are yet to be determined. We have recently demonstrated that AVF non-maturation is associated with post-operative medial fibrosis and fibrotic stenosis, and post-operative intimal hyperplasia (IH) exacerbates the situation. Multiple pathological processes and signaling pathways are underlying the stenotic remodeling of the AVF. Our group has recently indicated that a pro-inflammatory cytokine platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4) is upregulated in veins that fail to mature after AVF creation. Platelet factor 4 is a fibrosis marker and can be detected in vascular stenosis tissue, suggesting that it may contribute to AVF maturation failure through stimulation of fibrosis and development of fibrotic stenosis. Here, we present an overview of the how PF4-mediated fibrosis determines AVF maturation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Woltmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Loay H Salman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Brondani M, Roginski AC, Ribeiro RT, de Medeiros MP, Hoffmann CIH, Wajner M, Leipnitz G, Seminotti B. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ER stress and mitochondria-ER crosstalk alterations in a chemical rat model of Huntington's disease: potential benefits of bezafibrate. Toxicol Lett 2023; 381:48-59. [PMID: 37116597 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis, mitochondrial functions, and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) communication were evaluated in the striatum of rats after 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) administration, a recognized chemical model of Huntington's disease (HD). 3-NP impaired redox homeostasis by increasing malondialdehyde levels at 28 days, decreasing glutathione (GSH) concentrations at 21 and 28 days, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase at 7, 21, and 28 days, catalase at 21 days, and glutathione reductase at 21 and 28 days. Impairment of mitochondrial respiration at 7 and 28 days after 3-NP administration was also observed, as well as reduced activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and respiratory chain complexes. 3-NP also impaired mitochondrial dynamics and the interactions between ER and mitochondria and induced ER-stress by increasing the levels of mitofusin-1, and of DRP1, VDAC1, Grp75 and Grp78. Synaptophysin levels were augmented at 7 days but reduced at 28 days after 3-NP injection. Finally, bezafibrate prevented 3-NP-induced alterations of the activities of SOD, GPx, SDH and respiratory chain complexes, DCFH oxidation and on the levels of GSH, VDAC1 and synaptophysin. Mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic disruption may contribute to the pathophysiology of HD and bezafibrate may be considered as an adjuvant therapy for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Brondani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Roginski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula de Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Prédio, 21111, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Chrístofer Ian Hernandez Hoffmann
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Prédio, 21111, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Prédio, 21111, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Prédio, 21111, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Seminotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Mu H, Cai S, Wang X, Li H, Zhang L, Li H, Xiang W. RNA binding protein IGF2BP1 meditates oxidative stress-induced granulosa cell dysfunction by regulating MDM2 mRNA stability in an m 6A-dependent manner. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102492. [PMID: 36182806 PMCID: PMC9526231 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both genetic and microenvironmental detrimental factors are involved in ovarian dysfunction, leading to the increasing rate of involuntary childlessness in recent years. Oxidative stress (OS), which is characterized by the imbalance of redox system with redundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelming the antioxidant defense, is regarded as one of the culprits of ovarian dysfunction. OS causes damage to various types of ovarian cells including granulosa cells (GCs), jeopardizing the ovarian microenvironment, disturbing follicular development and participating in various female reproductive disorders. However, the specific molecular pathological mechanisms underlying this process have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) treatment led to significant IGF2BP1 downregulation via, at least partially, inducing ROS overproduction. IGF2BP1 regulates GCs viability, proliferation, cell cycle and cellular senescence by enhancing MDM2 mRNA stability in an m6A-dependant manner. IGF2BP1 overexpression partially rescued 3-NP induced GCs damages, while ectopically expressed MDM2 alleviated both 3-NP or IGF2BP1-knockdown induced GCs dysfunction. These results reveal an epigenetic molecular mechanism underlying OS-related GCs disorders, which may help to establish a novel potential clinical marker for predicting the GCs status as well as the follicular developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbei Mu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siying Cai
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, 128 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430013, China.
| | - Huaibiao Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wenpei Xiang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, 128 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430013, China.
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Borgoni S, Kudryashova KS, Burka K, de Magalhães JP. Targeting immune dysfunction in aging. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101410. [PMID: 34280555 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human aging is a multifactorial phenomenon that affects numerous organ systems and cellular processes, with the immune system being one of the most dysregulated. Immunosenescence, the gradual deterioration of the immune system, and inflammaging, a chronic inflammatory state that persists in the elderly, are among the plethora of immune changes that occur during aging. Almost all populations of immune cells change with age in terms of numbers and/or activity. These alterations are in general highly detrimental, resulting in an increased susceptibility to infections, reduced healing abilities, and altered homeostasis that promote the emergence of age-associated diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and other diseases associated with inflammation. Thanks to recent developments, several strategies have been proposed to target central immunological processes or specific immune subpopulations affected by aging. These therapeutic approaches could soon be applied in the clinic to slow down or even reverse specific age-induced immune changes in order to rejuvenate the immune system and prevent or reduce the impact of various diseases. Due to its systemic nature and interconnection with all the other systems in the body, the immune system is an attractive target for aging intervention because relatively targeted modifications to a small set of cells have the potential to improve the health of multiple organ systems. Therefore, anti-aging immune targeting therapies could represent a potent approach for improving healthspan. Here, we review aging changes in the major components of the immune system, we summarize the current immune-targeting therapeutic approaches in the context of aging and discuss the future directions in the field of immune rejuvenation.
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Moini-Nodeh S, Rahimifard M, Baeeri M, Hodjat M, Haghi-Aminjan H, Abdollahi M. Vinpocetine Effect on the Juncture of Diabetes and Aging: An in-vitro study. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021; 71:438-447. [PMID: 34255319 DOI: 10.1055/a-1381-6625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid-growing population of diabetic patients and the elderly are among the direst challenges that the science of medicine is facing today. Targeting these two challenges can shed light on new means to control and ideally reverse this trend. In this experiment, Vinpocetine's effect on aged pancreatic beta-cell functions in correlation with oxidative stress was studied. METHODS Islet cells were isolated from the pancreas of aged rats and exposed to Vinpocetine, dissolved in acetone and RPMI, for 48 h. Then, senescence-associated molecular parameters, including P16 and P38 gene expressions and β-galactosidase activity, were investigated along with diabetic and inflammation markers. RESULTS Experimental results showed that Vinpocetine could significantly increase aged islets insulin secretion and also make a meaningful reduction in oxidative stress markers. This drug can also decrease expression levels of P16 and P38, the primary genes responsible for the aging pathway. TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB expressions were also reduced noticeably after treatment with Vinpocetine. CONCLUSION The current study showed that Vinpocetine, a derivative of the secondary plant metabolite called Vincamine, could break this vicious cycle of oxidative stress and aging by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, thus inhibiting cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shermineh Moini-Nodeh
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Brea R, Valdecantos P, Rada P, Alen R, García-Monzón C, Boscá L, Fuertes-Agudo M, Casado M, Martín-Sanz P, Valverde ÁM. Chronic treatment with acetaminophen protects against liver aging by targeting inflammation and oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7800-7827. [PMID: 33780353 PMCID: PMC8034963 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver exhibits a variety of functions that are well-preserved during aging. However, the cellular hallmarks of aging increase the risk of hepatic alterations and development of chronic liver diseases. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a first choice for relieving mild-to-moderate pain. Most of the knowledge about APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity arises from acute overdose studies due to massive oxidative stress and inflammation, but little is known about its effect in age-related liver inflammation after chronic exposure. Our results show that chronic treatment of wild-type mice on the B6D2JRcc/Hsd genetic background with APAP at an infratherapeutic dose reduces liver alterations during aging without affecting body weight. This intervention attenuates age-induced mild oxidative stress by increasing HO-1, MnSOD and NQO1 protein levels and reducing ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. More importantly, APAP treatment counteracts the increase in Cd8+ and the reduction in Cd4+ T lymphocytes observed in the liver with age. This response was also found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, chronic infratherapeutic APAP treatment protects mice from age-related liver alterations by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Brea
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Valdecantos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Patricia Rada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Rosa Alen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- Liver Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid 28009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marina Fuertes-Agudo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia 46010, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia 46010, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Dynamic UTR Usage Regulates Alternative Translation to Modulate Gap Junction Formation during Stress and Aging. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2737-2747.e5. [PMID: 31141695 PMCID: PMC6857847 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43; gene name GJA1) is the most ubiquitously expressed gap junction protein, and understanding of its regulation largely falls under transcription and post-translational modification. In addition to Cx43, Gja1 mRNA encodes internally translated isoforms regulating gap junction formation, whose expression is modulated by TGF-β. Here, using RLM-RACE, we identify distinct Gja1 transcripts differing only in 5′ UTR length, of which two are upregulated during TGF-β exposure and hypoxia. Introduction of these transcripts into Gja1−/− cells phenocopies the response of Gja1 to TGF-β with reduced internal translation initiation. Inhibiting pathways downstream of TGF-β selectively regulates levels of Gja1 transcript isoforms and translation products. Reporter assays reveal enhanced translation of full-length Cx43 from shorter Gja1 5′ UTR isoforms. We also observe a correlation among UTR selection, translation, and reduced gap junction formation in aged heart tissue. These data elucidate a relationship between transcript isoform expression and translation initiation regulating intercellular communication. Connexin43 gap junctions enable direct intercellular communication facilitating action potential propagation. Internal translation of connexin43 mRNA generates the truncated isoform GJA1–20k, which promotes gap junction formation. During aging, Zeitz et al. find that activation of stress-response pathways shortens connexin43 mRNA UTRs to limit GJA1–20k translation coincident with gap junction loss.
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9
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Translating Translation to Mechanisms of Cardiac Hypertrophy. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7010009. [PMID: 32164190 PMCID: PMC7151157 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy in response to chronic pathological stress is a common feature occurring with many forms of heart disease. This pathological hypertrophic growth increases the risk for arrhythmias and subsequent heart failure. While several factors promoting cardiac hypertrophy are known, the molecular mechanisms governing the progression to heart failure are incompletely understood. Recent studies on altered translational regulation during pathological cardiac hypertrophy are contributing to our understanding of disease progression. In this brief review, we describe how the translational machinery is modulated for enhanced global and transcript selective protein synthesis, and how alternative modes of translation contribute to the disease state. Attempts at controlling translational output through targeting of mTOR and its regulatory components are detailed, as well as recently emerging targets for pre-clinical investigation.
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10
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The Role of Signaling Pathways of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Development of Senescence and Aging Phenotypes in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111383. [PMID: 31689891 PMCID: PMC6912541 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ASK1-signalosome→p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK signaling networks promote senescence (in vitro) and aging (in vivo, animal models and human cohorts) in response to oxidative stress and inflammation. These networks contribute to the promotion of age-associated cardiovascular diseases of oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, their inhibition delays the onset of these cardiovascular diseases as well as senescence and aging. In this review we focus on whether the (a) ASK1-signalosome, a major center of distribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated stress signals, plays a role in the promotion of cardiovascular diseases of oxidative stress and inflammation; (b) The ASK1-signalosome links ROS signals generated by dysfunctional mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes to the p38 MAPK stress response pathway; (c) the pathway contributes to the sensitivity and vulnerability of aged tissues to diseases of oxidative stress; and (d) the importance of inhibitors of these pathways to the development of cardioprotection and pharmaceutical interventions. We propose that the ASK1-signalosome regulates the progression of cardiovascular diseases. The resultant attenuation of the physiological characteristics of cardiomyopathies and aging by inhibition of the ASK1-signalosome network lends support to this conclusion. Importantly the ROS-mediated activation of the ASK1-signalosome p38 MAPK pathway suggests it is a major center of dissemination of the ROS signals that promote senescence, aging and cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacological intervention is, therefore, feasible through the continued identification of potent, non-toxic small molecule inhibitors of either ASK1 or p38 MAPK activity. This is a fruitful future approach to the attenuation of physiological aspects of mammalian cardiomyopathies and aging.
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11
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Pérez S, Rius-Pérez S, Tormos AM, Finamor I, Nebreda ÁR, Taléns-Visconti R, Sastre J. Age-dependent regulation of antioxidant genes by p38α MAPK in the liver. Redox Biol 2018; 16:276-284. [PMID: 29567616 PMCID: PMC5952885 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p38α is a redox sensitive MAPK activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and environmental, genotoxic and endoplasmic reticulum stresses. The aim of this work was to assess whether p38α controls the antioxidant defense in the liver, and if so, to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved and the age-related changes. For this purpose, we used liver-specific p38α-deficient mice at two different ages: young-mice (4 months-old) and old-mice (24 months-old). The liver of young p38α knock-out mice exhibited a decrease in GSH levels and an increase in GSSG/GSH ratio and malondialdehyde levels. However, old mice deficient in p38α had higher hepatic GSH levels and lower GSSG/GSH ratio than young p38α knock-out mice. Liver-specific p38α deficiency triggered a dramatic down-regulation of the mRNAs of the key antioxidant enzymes glutamate cysteine ligase, superoxide dismutase 1, superoxide dismutase 2, and catalase in young mice, which seems mediated by the lack of p65 recruitment to their promoters. Nrf-2 nuclear levels did not change significantly in the liver of young mice upon p38α deficiency, but nuclear levels of phospho-p65 and PGC-1α decreased in these mice. p38α-dependent activation of NF-κB seems to occur through classical IκB Kinase and via ribosomal S6 kinase1 and AKT in young mice. However, unexpectedly the long-term deficiency in p38α triggers a compensatory up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes via NF-κB activation and recruitment of p65 to their promoters. In conclusion, p38α MAPK maintains the expression of antioxidant genes in liver of young animals via NF-κΒ under basal conditions, whereas its long-term deficiency triggers compensatory up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes through NF-κΒ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Pérez
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Spain
| | - Sergio Rius-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Spain
| | - Ana M Tormos
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Spain
| | - Isabela Finamor
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Spain
| | - Ángel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Taléns-Visconti
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Spain
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Spain.
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IGF-1 mediated phosphorylation of specific IRS-1 serines in Ames dwarf fibroblasts is associated with longevity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35315-23. [PMID: 26474286 PMCID: PMC4742107 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin/IGF-1 signaling involves phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of serine/threonine or tyrosine residues of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and is associated with hormonal control of longevity determination of certain long-lived mice. The stimulation of serine phosphorylations by IGF-1 suggests there is insulin/IGF-1 crosstalk that involves the phosphorylation of the same serine residues. By this mechanism, insulin and IGF-1 mediated phosphorylation of specific IRS-1 serines could play a role in longevity determination. We used fibroblasts from WT and Ames dwarf mice to examine whether: (a) IGF-1 stimulates phosphorylation of IRS-1 serines targeted by insulin; (b) the levels of serine phosphorylation differ in WT vs. Ames fibroblasts; and (c) aging affects the levels of these serine phosphorylations which are altered in the Ames dwarf mutant. We have shown that IRS-1 is a substrate for IGF-1 induced phosphorylation of Ser307, Ser612, Ser636/639, and Ser1101; that the levels of phosphorylation of these serines are significantly lower in Ames vs. WT cells; that IGF-1 mediated phosphorylation of these serines increases with age in WT cells. We propose that insulin/IGF-1 cross talk and level of phosphorylation of specific IRS-1 serines may promote the Ames dwarf longevity phenotype.
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Cortez I, Bulavin DV, Wu P, McGrath EL, Cunningham KA, Wakamiya M, Papaconstantinou J, Dineley KT. Aged dominant negative p38α MAPK mice are resistant to age-dependent decline in adult-neurogenesis and context discrimination fear conditioning. Behav Brain Res 2016; 322:212-222. [PMID: 27765672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A major aspect of mammalian aging is the decline in functional competence of many self-renewing cell types, including adult-born neuronal precursors. Since age-related senescence of self-renewal occurs simultaneously with chronic up-regulation of the p38MAPKalpha (p38α) signaling pathway, we used the dominant negative mouse model for attenuated p38α activity (DN-p38αAF/+) in which Thr180 and Tyr182 are mutated (T→A/Y→F) to prevent phosphorylation activation (DN-p38αAF/+) and kinase activity. As a result, aged DN-p38αAF/+ mice are resistant to age-dependent decline in proliferation and regeneration of several peripheral tissue progenitors when compared to wild-type littermates. Aging is the major risk factor for non-inherited forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD); environmental and genetic risk factors that accelerate the senescence phenotype are thought to contribute to an individual's relative risk. In the present study, we evaluated aged DN-p38αAF/+ and wildtype littermates in a series of behavioral paradigms to test if p38α mutant mice exhibit altered baseline abnormalities in neurological reflexes, locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, and age-dependent cognitive decline. While aged DN-p38αAF/+ and wildtype littermates appear equal in all tested baseline neurological and behavioral parameters, DN-p38αAF/+ exhibit superior context discrimination fear conditioning. Context discrimination is a cognitive task that is supported by proliferation and differentiation of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Consistent with enhanced context discrimination in aged DN-p38αAF/+, we discovered enhanced production of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus of DN-p38αAF/+ mice compared to wildtype littermates. Our findings support the notion that p38α inhibition has therapeutic utility in aging diseases that affect cognition, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- IbDanelo Cortez
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA.
| | - Dmitry V Bulavin
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice, INSERM, University of Nice, France
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Erica L McGrath
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Kathryn A Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Maki Wakamiya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - John Papaconstantinou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
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Menon R, Papaconstantinou J. p38 Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK): a new therapeutic target for reducing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1397-1412. [PMID: 27459026 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1216980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) and preterm premature rupture of the membranes (pPROM) remain as a major clinical and therapeutic problem for intervention and management. Current strategies, based on our knowledge of pathways of preterm labor, have only been effective, in part, due to major gaps in our existing knowledge of risks and risk specific pathways. Areas covered: Recent literature has identified physiologic aging of fetal tissues as a potential mechanistic feature of normal parturition. This process is affected by telomere dependent and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) induced senescence activation. Pregnancy associated risk factors can cause pathologic activation of this pathway that can cause oxidative stress induced p38 MAPK activation leading to senescence and premature aging of fetal tissues. Premature aging is associated with sterile inflammation capable of triggering preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes. Preterm activation of p38MAPK can be considered as a key contributor to adverse pregnancies. Expert opinion: This review considers p38MAPK activation as a potential target for therapeutic interventions to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes mediated by stress factors. In this review, we propose multiple strategies to prevent p38MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Menon
- a Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , Galveston , TX , USA
| | - John Papaconstantinou
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , Galveston , TX , USA
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15
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Papaconstantinou J, Wang CZ, Zhang M, Yang S, Deford J, Bulavin DV, Ansari NH. Attenuation of p38α MAPK stress response signaling delays the in vivo aging of skeletal muscle myofibers and progenitor cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:718-33. [PMID: 26423835 PMCID: PMC4600628 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional competence and self-renewal of mammalian skeletal muscle myofibers and progenitor cells declines with age. Progression of the muscle aging phenotype involves the decline of juvenile protective factors i.e., proteins whose beneficial functions translate directly to the quality of life, and self-renewal of progenitor cells. These characteristics occur simultaneously with the age-associated increase of p38α stress response signaling. This suggests that the maintenance of low levels of p38α activity of juvenile tissues may delay or attenuate aging. We used the dominant negative haploinsufficient p38α mouse (DN-p38αAF/+) to demonstrate that in vivo attenuation of p38α activity in the gastrocnemius of the aged mutant delays age-associated processes that include: a) the decline of the juvenile protective factors, BubR1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A (ALDH1A1), and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2); b) attenuated expression of p16Ink4a and p19Arf tumor suppressor genes of the Cdkn2a locus; c) decreased levels of hydroxynonenal protein adducts, expression of COX2 and iNOS; d) decline of the senescent progenitor cell pool level and d) the loss of gastrocnemius muscle mass. We propose that elevated P-p38α activity promotes skeletal muscle aging and that the homeostasis of p38α impacts the maintenance of a beneficial healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Papaconstantinou
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551-06743, USA
| | - Chen Z Wang
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551-06743, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551-06743, USA
| | - San Yang
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551-06743, USA
| | - James Deford
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551-06743, USA
| | - Dmitry V Bulavin
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice, INSERM, U1081-UMR CNRS 7284, University of Nice - Sophia Antipolis, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Naseem H Ansari
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551-06743, USA
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Harvey A, Montezano AC, Lopes RA, Rios F, Touyz RM. Vascular Fibrosis in Aging and Hypertension: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:659-68. [PMID: 27118293 PMCID: PMC4906153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the primary risk factor underlying hypertension and incident cardiovascular disease. With aging, the vasculature undergoes structural and functional changes characterized by endothelial dysfunction, wall thickening, reduced distensibility, and arterial stiffening. Vascular stiffness results from fibrosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, processes that are associated with aging and are amplified by hypertension. Some recently characterized molecular mechanisms underlying these processes include increased expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases, activation of transforming growth factor-β1/SMAD signalling, upregulation of galectin-3, and activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic signalling pathways. These events can be induced by vasoactive agents, such as angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and aldosterone, which are increased in the vasculature during aging and hypertension. Complex interplay between the “aging process” and prohypertensive factors results in accelerated vascular remodelling and fibrosis and increased arterial stiffness, which is typically observed in hypertension. Because the vascular phenotype in a young hypertensive individual resembles that of an elderly otherwise healthy individual, the notion of “early” or “premature” vascular aging is now often used to describe hypertension-associated vascular disease. We review the vascular phenotype in aging and hypertension, focusing on arterial stiffness and vascular remodelling. We also highlight the clinical implications of these processes and discuss some novel molecular mechanisms of fibrosis and ECM reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Harvey
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Rheure Alves Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Francisco Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
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Yang W, Burkhardt B, Fischer L, Beirow M, Bork N, Wönne EC, Wagner C, Husen B, Zeilinger K, Liu L, Nussler AK. Age-dependent changes of the antioxidant system in rat livers are accompanied by altered MAPK activation and a decline in motor signaling. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:1273-90. [PMID: 27004051 PMCID: PMC4800781 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive decrease of cellular functions, because cells gradually lose their capacity to respond to injury. Increased oxidative stress is considered to be one of the major contributors to age-related changes in all organs including the liver. Our study has focused on elucidating whether important antioxidative enzymes, the mTOR pathway, and MAPKs exhibit age-dependent changes in the liver of rats during aging. We found an age-dependent increase of GSH in the cytosol and mitochondria. The aged liver showed an increased SOD enzyme activity, while the CAT enzyme activity decreased. HO-1 and NOS-2 gene expression was lower in adult rats, but up-regulated in aged rats. Western blot analysis revealed that SOD1, SOD2, GPx, GR, γ-GCL, and GSS were age-dependent up-regulated, while CAT remained constant. We also demonstrated that the phosphorylation of Akt, JNK, p38, and TSC2(Ser1254) decreased while ERK1/2 and TSC2(Thr1462) increased age-dependently. Furthermore, our data show that the mTOR pathway seems to be activated in livers of aged rats, and hence stimulating cell proliferation/regeneration, as confirmed by an age-dependent increase of PCNA and p-eIF4E(Ser209) protein expression. Our data may help to explain the fact that liver cells only proliferate in cases of necessity, like injury and damage. In summary, we have demonstrated that, age-dependent changes of the antioxidant system and stress-related signaling pathways occur in the livers of rats, which may help to better understand organ aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Dept. of Traumatology, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Britta Burkhardt
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Dept. of Traumatology, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luise Fischer
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Dept. of Traumatology, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maja Beirow
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Dept. of Traumatology, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nadja Bork
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Dept. of Traumatology, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eva C. Wönne
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus-Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wagner
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Dept. of Traumatology, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Husen
- Pharmacelsus GmbH, Science Park 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Katrin Zeilinger
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus-Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Dept. of Traumatology, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Ren X, Du H, Li Y, Yao X, Huang J, Li Z, Wang W, Li J, Han S, Wang C, Huang K. Age-related activation of MKK/p38/NF-κB signaling pathway in lung: from mouse to human. Exp Gerontol 2014; 57:29-40. [PMID: 24802989 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We and others previously reported that the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 significantly accumulate with age in mouse lung. This is accompanied by elevated phosphorylation of p38. Here, we further investigate whether aging affects activation of p38 signaling and the inflammatory reaction after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the lungs of mice in vivo and humans ex vivo. The data showed that activation of p38 peaked at 0.5h and then rapidly declined in young (2-month-old) mouse lung, after intranasal inhalation challenge with LPS. In contract, activation of p38 peaked at 24h and was sustained longer in aged (20-month-old) mice. As well as altered p38, activations of its upstream activator MKK and downstream substrate NF-κB were also changed in the lungs of aged mice, which corresponded with the absence in the early phase but delayed increases in concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Consistent with the above observations in mice, similar patterns of p38 signaling also occurred in human lungs. Compared with younger lungs from adult-middle aged subjects, the activation of p38, MKK and NF-κB, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in the lungs of older subjects ex vivo. Exposure of human lung cells to LPS induced rapid activation of p38, MKK and NF-κB in these cells from adult-middle aged subjects, but not older subjects, with increases in the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. The LPS-induced rapid activation in the lung cells from adult-middle aged subjects occurred as early as 0.25h after exposure, and then declined. Compared with adult-middle aged subjects, the LPS exposure did not induce marked changes in the early phase, either in the activation of p38, MKK and NF-κB, or in the production of TNF-α, IL-1β or IL-6 in the lung cells from older subjects. In contrast, these changes occurred relatively late, peaked at 16h and were sustained longer in the lungs of older subjects. These data support the hypothesis that the sustained activation of the p38 signaling pathway at baseline and the absence in the early phase but delayed of p38 signaling pathway response to LPS in the elderly may play important roles in increased susceptibility of aged lungs to inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Huadong Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Junmin Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Zongli Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Kewu Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China.
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Yin F, Boveris A, Cadenas E. Mitochondrial energy metabolism and redox signaling in brain aging and neurodegeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:353-71. [PMID: 22793257 PMCID: PMC3887431 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The mitochondrial energy-transducing capacity is essential for the maintenance of neuronal function, and the impairment of energy metabolism and redox homeostasis is a hallmark of brain aging, which is particularly accentuated in the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. RECENT ADVANCES The communications between mitochondria and the rest of the cell by energy- and redox-sensitive signaling establish a master regulatory device that controls cellular energy levels and the redox environment. Impairment of this regulatory devise is critical for aging and the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. CRITICAL ISSUES This review focuses on a coordinated metabolic network-cytosolic signaling, transcriptional regulation, and mitochondrial function-that controls the cellular energy levels and redox status as well as factors which impair this metabolic network during brain aging and neurodegeneration. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Characterization of mitochondrial function and mitochondria-cytosol communications will provide pivotal opportunities for identifying targets and developing new strategies aimed at restoring the mitochondrial energy-redox axis that is compromised in brain aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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Hanschmann EM, Godoy JR, Berndt C, Hudemann C, Lillig CH. Thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, and peroxiredoxins--molecular mechanisms and health significance: from cofactors to antioxidants to redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1539-605. [PMID: 23397885 PMCID: PMC3797455 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs), and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been characterized as electron donors, guards of the intracellular redox state, and "antioxidants". Today, these redox catalysts are increasingly recognized for their specific role in redox signaling. The number of publications published on the functions of these proteins continues to increase exponentially. The field is experiencing an exciting transformation, from looking at a general redox homeostasis and the pathological oxidative stress model to realizing redox changes as a part of localized, rapid, specific, and reversible redox-regulated signaling events. This review summarizes the almost 50 years of research on these proteins, focusing primarily on data from vertebrates and mammals. The role of Trx fold proteins in redox signaling is discussed by looking at reaction mechanisms, reversible oxidative post-translational modifications of proteins, and characterized interaction partners. On the basis of this analysis, the specific regulatory functions are exemplified for the cellular processes of apoptosis, proliferation, and iron metabolism. The importance of Trxs, Grxs, and Prxs for human health is addressed in the second part of this review, that is, their potential impact and functions in different cell types, tissues, and various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - José Rodrigo Godoy
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Hudemann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
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Korean Red Ginseng Extract Attenuates 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Huntington's-Like Symptoms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:237207. [PMID: 23431333 PMCID: PMC3568869 DOI: 10.1155/2013/237207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Korean red ginseng (KRG) possesses neuroprotective activity. However, the potential neuroprotective value of KRG for the striatal toxicity is largely unknown. We investigated whether KRG extract (KRGE) could have a neuroprotective effect in a 3-nitropropionic acid- (3-NP) induced (i.p.) Huntington's disease (HD) model. KRGE (50, 100, and 250 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was administrated 10 days before 3-NP injection (pre-administration), from the same time with 3-NP injection (co-administration), or from the peak point of neurological impairment by 3-NP injection (post-administration). Pre-administration of KRGE produced the greatest neuroprotective effect in this model. Pre-administration of KRGE significantly decreased 3-NP-induced neurological impairment, lethality, lesion area, and neuronal loss in the 3-NP-injected striatum. KRGE attenuated microglial activation and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway. KRGE also reduced the level of mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and OX-42. Interestingly, the intrathecal administration of SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) or PD98059 (an inhibitor of MAPK Kinase, MEK) increased the survival rate in the 3-NP-induced HD model. Pre-administration of KRGE may effectively inhibit 3-NP-induced striatal toxicity via the inhibition of the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB pathways, indicating its therapeutic potential for suppressing Huntington's-like symptoms.
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Gonzalez Pardo V, Russo de Boland A. Age-related changes in the response of intestinal cells to 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:76-89. [PMID: 22706185 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hormonally active form of vitamin D(3), 1α,25(OH)(2)-vitamin D(3), acts in intestine, its major target tissue, where its actions are of regulatory and developmental importance: regulation of intracellular calcium through modulation of second messengers and activation of mitogenic cascades leading to cell proliferation. Several causes have been postulated to modify the hormone response in intestinal cells with ageing, among them, alterations of vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels and binding sites, reduced expression of G-proteins and hormone signal transduction changes. The current review summarizes the actual knowledge regarding the molecular and biochemical basis of age-impaired 1α,25(OH)(2)-vitamin D(3) receptor-mediated signaling in intestinal cells. A fundamental understanding why the hormone functions are impaired with age will enhance our knowledge of its importance in intestinal cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Gonzalez Pardo
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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P38 MAPK is involved in enhanced NMDA receptor-dependent excitotoxicity in YAC transgenic mouse model of Huntington disease. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 45:999-1009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Bailey CE, Hammers DW, Deford JH, Dimayuga VL, Amaning JK, Farrar R, Papaconstantinou J. Ishemia-reperfusion enhances GAPDH nitration in aging skeletal muscle. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 3:1003-17. [PMID: 22027257 PMCID: PMC3229964 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging and skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to decreased contractile force generation that increases severely with age. Our studies show that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein expression is significantly decreased at 3 and 5 days reperfusion in the young mouse muscle and at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days in the aged muscle. Using PCR, we have shown that GAPDH mRNA levels in young and old muscle increase at 5 days reperfusion compared to control, suggesting that the protein deficit is not transcriptional. Furthermore, while total tyrosine nitration did not increase in the young muscle, GAPDH nitration increased significantly at 1 and 3 days reperfusion. In contrast, total tyrosine nitration in aged muscle increased significantly at 1, 3, and 5 days of reperfusion, with increases in GAPDH nitration at the same time points. We conclude that GAPDH protein levels decrease following I/R, that this is not transcriptionally mediated, that the aged muscle experiences greater oxidative stress, protein modification and GAPDH degradation, possibly contributing to decreased muscle function. We propose that tyrosine nitration enhances GAPDH degradation following I/R and that the persistent decrease of GAPDH in aged muscle is due to the prolonged increase in oxidative modification in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eric Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
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25
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Chen Z, Jiang H, Wan Y, Bi C, Yuan Y. H(2)O (2)-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α evokes apoptosis of cardiac myocytes through reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of p38 MAPK. Cytotechnology 2011; 64:65-73. [PMID: 22002864 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) play important roles in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in cardiac myocytes. However, the regulation and functional role of cross-talk between p38 MAPK and TNF-α pathways have not yet been fully characterized in cardiac myocytes. In this study, we found that inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB-203580 (SB) reduced H(2)O(2)-stimulated secretion of TNF-α, whereas pre-activation of p38 MAPK with sodium arsenite (SA) enhanced H(2)O(2)-stimulated secretion of TNF-α. In addition, pretreatment of cells with TNF-α increased basal and H(2)O(2)-stimulated p38 MAPK and apoptosis of cardiac myocytes, and p38 MAPK-associated apoptosis of cardiac myocytes induced by TNF-α was blocked by inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB. Finally, H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis was attenuated by the inhibitors of p38 MAPK or reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas it was enhanced by p38 MAPK agonist SA. These results suggest that H(2)O(2)-induced secretion of TNF-α increases apoptosis of cardiac myocytes through ROS-dependent activation of p38 MAPK. This may represent a novel mechanism that TNF-α partly interplays with p38 MAPK pathways during oxidative stress-modulated apoptosis in cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zi Yang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Hsieh CC, Kuro-o M, Rosenblatt KP, Brobey R, Papaconstantinou J. The ASK1-Signalosome regulates p38 MAPK activity in response to levels of endogenous oxidative stress in the Klotho mouse models of aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2011; 2:597-611. [PMID: 20844314 PMCID: PMC2984608 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevated levels of p38 MAPK activity accelerate physiological aging. This emphasizes the importance of understanding the molecular mechanism(s) that link ROS production to activation of the p38 mediated promotion of aging, longevity, and resistance to oxidative stress. We examined Klotho(-/-) (elevated ROS) and Klotho overexpressing mice (low ROS and resistance to ROS) to determine whether the ROS-sensitive apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK1)-signalosome -> p38 MAPK pathway plays a role in the accelerated aging of Klotho(-/-), and resistance to oxidative stress and extended lifespan in the Klotho overexpressing models. Our results suggest that increased endogenous ROS generated by Klotho(-/-) and resistance to oxidative stress in Klotho overexpression are linked to the regulation of ASK1-signalosome -> p38 activity. We propose that (a) the ASK1-signalosome -> p38 MAPK pathway is activated by oxidative stress due to ablation of the Klotho gene; (b) increased longevity by Klotho overexpression is linked to suppression of the ASK1-signalosome-p38 MAPK activity; (c) the ROS-responsive ASK1-signalosome regulates physiological aging via its regulation of p38 MAPK, through a mechanism that balances the levels of inhibitory vs. activating ASK1-signalosomes. We conclude that the Klotho suppressor-of-aging activity is linked to the ASK1-signalsome, a physiological ROS-sensitive signaling center.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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28
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Papaconstantinou J, Hsieh CC. Activation of senescence and aging characteristics by mitochondrially generated ROS: how are they linked? Cell Cycle 2010; 9:3831-3. [PMID: 20890113 PMCID: PMC2975432 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.19.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Papaconstantinou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas USA
| | - Ching-Chyuan Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas USA
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29
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Ito M, Miyado K, Nakagawa K, Muraki M, Imai M, Yamakawa N, Qin J, Hosoi Y, Saito H, Takahashi Y. Age-associated changes in the subcellular localization of phosphorylated p38 MAPK in human granulosa cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2010; 16:928-37. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaq076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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30
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Wadley GD, McConell GK. High-dose antioxidant vitamin C supplementation does not prevent acute exercise-induced increases in markers of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:1719-26. [PMID: 20395544 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00127.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High doses of the antioxidant vitamin C prevent the increases in skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis after exercise training. Since exercise training effects rely on the acute stimulus of each exercise bout, we examined whether vitamin C supplementation also attenuates the increases in skeletal muscle metabolic signaling and mitochondrial biogenesis in response to an acute exercise bout. Male Sprague-Dawley rats performed 60 min of treadmill running (27 m/min, 5% grade) or remained sedentary. For 7 days before this, one-half of the rats received water containing 500 mg/kg body wt vitamin C. Acute exercise significantly ( P < 0.05) increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, AMP-activated kinase-α, and activating transcription factor (ATF)-2 and the ratio of oxidized to total glutathione (GSSG/TGSH) in the gastrocnemius. However, vitamin C had no effect on these increases. Similarly, vitamin C did not prevent the exercise-induced increases in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1, NRF-2, mitochondrial transcription factor A, glutathione peroxidase-1, MnSOD, extracellular SOD, or glucose transporter 4 ( P < 0.05) mRNA after exercise. Surprisingly, vitamin C supplementation significantly increased the basal levels of GSSG/TGSH, NRF-1, and NRF-2 mRNA and basal ATF-2 phosphorylation. In summary, despite other studies in rats showing that vitamin C supplementation prevents increases in skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzymes with exercise training, vitamin C had no affect on the acute exercise-induced increases of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. D. Wadley
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; and
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria
| | - G. K. McConell
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; and
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living and Biomedical and Health Sciences, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Hsieh CC, Papaconstantinou J. Dermal fibroblasts from long-lived Ames dwarf mice maintain their in vivo resistance to mitochondrial generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aging (Albany NY) 2009; 1:784-802. [PMID: 20157567 PMCID: PMC2815737 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Activation of p38 MAPK by ROS involves dissociation of
an inactive, reduced thioredoxin-ASK1 complex [(SH)2Trx-ASK1].
Release of ASK1 activates its kinase activity thus stimulating
the p38 MAPK pathway. The level of p38 MAPK activity is,
therefore, regulated by the balance of free vs. bound ASK1.
Longevity of Ames dwarf mice is attributed to their resistance
to oxidative stress. The levels of (SH)2 Trx-ASK1 are more abundant
in young and old dwarf mice compared to their age-matched controls
suggesting that the levels of this complex may play a role in
their resistance to oxidative stress. In these studies we demonstrate
that dermal fibroblasts from these long-lived mice exhibit (a)
higher levels of (SH)2Trx-ASK1 that correlate with their
resistance to ROS generated by inhibitors of electron transport
chain complexes CI (rotenone), CII (3-nitropropionic acid),
CIII, (antimycin A), and H2O2-mediated activation of p38 MAPK,
and (b) maintain their in vivo resistance to ROS generated by
3NPA. We propose that elevated levels of (SH)2Trx-ASK1 play a
role in conferring resistance to mitochondrial generated oxidative
stress and decreased endogenous ROS which are characteristics of
longevity determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chyuan Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
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32
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Nuss JE, Amaning JK, Bailey CE, DeFord JH, Dimayuga VL, Rabek JP, Papaconstantinou J. Oxidative modification and aggregation of creatine kinase from aged mouse skeletal muscle. Aging (Albany NY) 2009; 1:557-72. [PMID: 20195383 PMCID: PMC2830079 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Creatine kinase catalyzes the reversible transfer of the gamma phosphate from ATP to creatine forming the high energy compound creatine phosphate. Muscle creatine kinase (CKm) activity maintains energetic homeostasis as variations in energy requirements dictate that ATP be readily available. Recent studies suggest that CKm activity is altered during aging. Proteomic analyses have shown that CKm is 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) modified and carbonylated in aged rodent skeletal muscle. However, it remains unknown if these modifications affect its structure and activity. To address this we characterized oxidatively modified CKm from the quadriceps of young, middle-aged, and aged mice. Our data indicate that 3-NT modified and carbonylated CKm are found predominantly in aged muscle and that it exists in high molecular weight oligomers and insoluble protein aggregates. CKm from middle-aged and aged mouse quadriceps also exhibits structural instability that may account for its reduction in function. These structural and functional changes correlate with the differential protein modifications. Interestingly, the majority of the age-related changes in enzyme activity and protein stability occurred by middle age. Our studies indicate that the age-associated oxidative and nitrative modification of CKm results in a decrease in its activity and may cause structural changes that promote oligomerization and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Nuss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0643, USA
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Przybysz AJ, Choe KP, Roberts LJ, Strange K. Increased age reduces DAF-16 and SKN-1 signaling and the hormetic response of Caenorhabditis elegans to the xenobiotic juglone. Mech Ageing Dev 2009; 130:357-69. [PMID: 19428455 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cells adapt to stressors by activating mechanisms that repair damage and protect them from further injury. Stress-induced damage accumulates with age and contributes to age associated diseases. Increased age attenuates the ability to mount a stress response, but little is known about the mechanisms by which this occurs. To begin addressing this problem, we studied hormesis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. When exposed to a low concentration of the xenobiotic juglone, young worms mount a robust hormetic stress response and survive a subsequent exposure to a higher concentration of juglone that is normally lethal to naïve animals. Old worms are unable to mount this adaptive response. Microarray and RNAi analyses demonstrate that an altered transcriptional response to juglone is responsible in part for the reduced adaptation of old worms. Many genes differentially regulated in young versus old animals are known or postulated to be regulated by the FOXO homologue DAF-16 and the Nrf2 homologue SKN-1. Activation of these pathways is greatly reduced in juglone stressed old worms. DAF-16- and SKN-1-like transcription factors play highly conserved roles in regulating stress resistance and longevity genes. Our studies provide a foundation for developing a molecular understanding of how age affects cytoprotective transcriptional pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Przybysz
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Byun HO, Kim HY, Lim JJ, Seo YH, Yoon G. Mitochondrial dysfunction by complex II inhibition delays overall cell cycle progression via reactive oxygen species production. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:1747-59. [PMID: 18395845 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex II defect has recently been implicated in cellular senescence and in the ageing process of which a critical phenotype is retardation and arrest of cellular growth. However, the underlying mechanisms of how complex II defect affects cellular growth, remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of complex II inhibition using a subcytotoxic dose (400 microM) of 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), a conventional complex II inhibitor, on cell cycle progression. TTFA (400 microM) directly decreased KCN-sensitive cellular respiration rate to 67% of control and disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential. In contrast to other respiratory inhibitors such as rotenone, antimycin A, and oligomycin, TTFA prolonged the duration of each phase of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2/M) equally, thereby delaying overall cell cycle progression. This delay was accompanied by a biphasic increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and concurrent glutathione oxidation, in addition to a slight decrease in the cellular ATP level. Finally, the delay in cell cycle progression caused by TTFA was proved to be mainly due to ROS overproduction and subsequent oxidative stress, as evidenced by its reversal following pretreatment with antioxidants. Taken together, these results suggest that an overall delay in cell cycle progression due to complex II defects may contribute to ageing and degenerative diseases via inhibition of cellular growth and proliferation without arrest at any specific phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ok Byun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-721, South Korea
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35
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Bacsi A, Woodberry M, Widger W, Papaconstantinou J, Mitra S, Peterson JW, Boldogh I. Localization of superoxide anion production to mitochondrial electron transport chain in 3-NPA-treated cells. Mitochondrion 2006; 6:235-44. [PMID: 17011837 PMCID: PMC3031911 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2006.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) at complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain induces cellular energy deficit and oxidative stress-related neurotoxicity. In the present study, we identified the site of reactive oxygen species production in mitochondria. 3-NPA increased O2- generation in mitochondria respiring on the complex I substrates pyruvate+malate, an effect fully inhibited by rotenone. Antimycin A increased O2- production in the presence of complex I and/or II substrates. Addition of 3-NPA markedly increased antimycin A-induced O2- production by mitochondria incubated with complex I substrates, but 3-NPA inhibited O2- formation driven with the complex II substrate succinate. At 0.6 microM, myxothiazol inhibits complex III, but only partially decreases complex I activity, and allowed 3-NPA-induced O2- formation; however, at 40 microM myxothiazol (which completely inhibits both complexes I and III) eliminated O2- production from mitochondria respiring via complex I substrates. These results indicate that in the presence of 3-NPA, mitochondria generate O2- from a site between the ubiquinol pool and the 3-NPA block in the respiratory complex II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bacsi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mitchell Woodberry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - William Widger
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77201, USA
| | - John Papaconstantinou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Johnny W. Peterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 409 772 9414; fax: +1 409 747 6869. (I. Boldogh)
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Pardo VG, Facchinetti MM, Curino A, Boland R, de Boland AR. Age-related alteration of 1alpha,25(OH)2-vitamin D3-dependent activation of p38 MAPK in rat intestinal cells. Biogerontology 2006; 8:13-24. [PMID: 16855859 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-006-9031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In intestinal cells, 1alpha,25(OH)(2)-vitamin D(3) (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)) regulates gene expression via the specific intracellular vitamin D receptor and induces fast non-transcriptional responses involving stimulation of transmembrane signal transduction pathways. In the present study, we analyzed, for the first time, alterations in p38 MAPK response to 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) in rat enterocytes with ageing. In enterocytes from young rats, the hormone increased, in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, peaking at 3 min (+2-fold). Basal levels of p38 MAPK phosphorylation were lower in enterocytes from old rats and the hormone response was greatly diminished (+0.5-fold at 3 min). p38 MAPK phosphorylation impairment in old animals was not related to significant changes of the kinase protein expression and do not explain the decreased response to 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3). Extracellular and intracellular Ca(2+) chelation or c-Src pharmacological inhibition suppressed hormone activation of p38 MAPK in both, young and aged rats, demonstrating that Ca(2+) and the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src are required for full activation of p38 MAPK in cells stimulated with 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3). Two other vitamin D(3) metabolites, 25(OH)D(3) and 24,25(OH)(2)D(3, )also enhanced p38 phosphorylation, and to a similar extent than 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3), an ability that is lost with ageing. Enterocyte exposure to the hormone also resulted in the rapid induction of c-fos protein (peaking at 5 min, +3-fold) and to a greater extent than that of mRNA induction. With ageing, 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-dependent increase of c-fos protein level was diminished, but c-fos mRNA expression was not different from young animals. Impairment of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) activation of p38 MAPK upon ageing and abnormal hormone regulation of the c-fos oncoprotein synthesis may affect intestinal cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Gonzalez Pardo
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica & Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, Bahia Blanca 8000, Argentina
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Hsieh CC, Papaconstantinou J. Thioredoxin-ASK1 complex levels regulate ROS-mediated p38 MAPK pathway activity in livers of aged and long-lived Snell dwarf mice. FASEB J 2006; 20:259-68. [PMID: 16449798 PMCID: PMC1479092 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-4376com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have proposed that the age-associated increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by electron transport chain (ETC) dysfunction may cause the elevated basal level of p38 MAPK stress response pathway activity. However, the mechanism by which ROS activates this pathway is not clear. Here we propose that activation of the p38 MAPK pathway by complex I (CI) generated ROS, in response to rotenone (ROT) treatment, is based on the ability of reduced Trx to bind to and inhibit ASK 1 and its release from the complex upon oxidation. This balance of free vs. bound ASK1 regulates the level of p38 MAPK pathway activity. To support this mechanism we demonstrate that the production of ROS by ROT treated AML12 hepatocyte cells dissociates the Trx-ASK1 complex, thereby increasing p38 MAPK pathway activity. This mechanism is supported by the ability of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to prevent dissociation of Trx-ASK1 and activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. We also demonstrated that the ratio of ASK1/Trx-ASK1 increases in aged mouse livers and that this correlates with the increased basal activity of the p38 MAPK pathway. The longevity of Snell dwarf mice has been attributed to their resistance to oxidative stress. A comparison of the levels of Trx-ASK1 in young and aged dwarfs showed a higher abundance of the complex than in their age-matched controls. These results, which are indicative of a decreased level of oxidative stress, suggest that increased ROS production in aged liver may alter the ratio of ASK1 and Trx-ASK1, thereby increasing the age-associated basal level of p38 MAPK pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chyuan Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0643, USA
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Brégégère F, Milner Y, Friguet B. The ubiquitin-proteasome system at the crossroads of stress-response and ageing pathways: a handle for skin care? Ageing Res Rev 2006; 5:60-90. [PMID: 16330259 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Revised: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level has been considered for long as the main mechanism of cellular adaptive responses. Since the turn of the century, however, it is becoming clear that higher organisms developed a complex, sensitive and maybe equally important network of regulatory pathways, relying largely on protein interactions, post-translational modifications and proteolysis. Here we review the involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of protein degradation at different levels of cellular life in relation with ageing, and with a special focus on skin. It comes out that the ubiquitin system plays a major role in signal transduction associated with stress and ageing, in skin in particular through the control of retinoid and NF-kappaB pathways. The understanding of specific proteolytic targeting by E3 ubiquitin-ligases paves the way for a new generation of active molecules that may control particular steps of normal and pathological ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Brégégère
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Biochimie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, C.C.7128, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cédex 05, France.
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Newcomb JD, Brown WD, Rodriguez AI, Garbuzova-Davis S, Saporta S, Sanberg PR, Willing AE. Behavioral alterations in Lewis rats following two-day continuous 3-nitropropionic acid administration. Neurotox Res 2005; 8:259-66. [PMID: 16371320 DOI: 10.1007/bf03033979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), produces motor dysfunction and striatal atrophy in rats. However, rat strain and method of administration may contribute to variability in the deficits caused by 3-NP toxicity. To evaluate this, changes in nocturnal spontaneous locomotor activity from chronic administration of 3-NP using an osmotic mini pump, were examined in the Lewis rats. Lewis rats were treated with 3-NP or saline for 2 days and behavior was tested daily for a 15 day period. Animals receiving 3-NP displayed significantly less spontaneous activity than animals in the saline group. 3-NP treated animals also weighed significantly less when compared to saline treated animals. These results demonstrate that even though there were no significant alterations in overt anatomical pathology, even short-term exposure to 3-NP produced significant effects. This short-term administration may present a potential paradigm for examination of sub-threshold neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Newcomb
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Road, Tampa, FL, USA
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Hsieh CC, Papaconstantinou J. Akt/PKB and p38 MAPK signaling, translational initiation and longevity in Snell dwarf mouse livers. Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 125:785-98. [PMID: 15541773 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2004.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The insulin/IGF-1/GH and p38 MAPK signaling pathways play a key role in the regulation of protein synthesis. The regulation of GH and TSH secretion hormones, that affect the activity of these pathways, plays an important role in the decline of rates of protein synthesis in aged rodent tissues. Studies have indicated that longevity of the Snell dwarf (Pit-1) mouse mutant is associated with the reduction of function of the insulin/IGF-1/GH signaling pathway. We have previously shown that PI3K activity, a signaling protein that plays a key role in the regulation of translation, is also dramatically decreased in the Snell dwarf liver suggesting that the protein synthesis-signaling pathway may be attenuated in this long-lived mouse. Similarly, signaling via p38 MAPK also plays a role in the regulation of protein synthesis. In this study we examined the activities of these signaling pathways to determine if the translation-signaling pathway is altered in young versus aged Snell dwarf mouse livers. Our data indicate that the phosphorylation and kinase activities of Akt/PKB and p38 MAPK, and the levels of phosphorylation of downstream regulators of translation are decreased in dwarf mouse livers. Thus, the overall activities of major components of the translational initiation pathway are decreased in the long-lived Snell dwarf mouse livers. We propose that down-regulation of protein synthesis may be an important characteristic of the Pit-1 mutation and longevity of the Snell dwarf mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chyuan Hsieh
- Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
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41
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Gianfriddo M, Melani A, Turchi D, Giovannini MG, Pedata F. Adenosine and glutamate extracellular concentrations and mitogen-activated protein kinases in the striatum of Huntington transgenic mice. Selective antagonism of adenosine A2A receptors reduces transmitter outflow. Neurobiol Dis 2004; 17:77-88. [PMID: 15350968 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2004] [Revised: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia and deep layers of cerebral cortex neurodegeneration typically characterize the postmortem brain of Huntington disease (HD) patients. In this study, we employed 10- to 11-week-old transgenic HD mice (R6/2 line), in which the striatal adenosine extracellular levels, measured using the microdialysis technique, are significantly increased in comparison to wild-type mice. An increase in striatal adenosine is probably a precocious index of mitochondrial dysfunction that is described in both the postmortem brain of HD patients and transgenic mice striatal cells. The adenosine increase is matched by activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the striatal neurons of R6/2 mouse but not in the cortex. This result indicates that p38 MAPK is a correlate of striatal damage and suggests a role for p38 in the striatal neuron suffering and apoptosis described in this disease. The selective adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist SCH 58261, administered through microdialysis fiber into the striatum, significantly decreases the outflow of glutamate in R6/2 mice. Antagonism of adenosine A(2A) receptors might be regarded as potentially useful in the treatment of this disease to control striatal excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gianfriddo
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
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42
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Szczesny B, Hazra TK, Papaconstantinou J, Mitra S, Boldogh I. Age-dependent deficiency in import of mitochondrial DNA glycosylases required for repair of oxidatively damaged bases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:10670-5. [PMID: 12960370 PMCID: PMC196862 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1932854100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are the major source of chronic oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the aging process. Along with other cellular changes, aged cells accumulate mutations in both their nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and they contain increased amounts of oxidatively damaged mutagenic bases such as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, suggesting age-dependent inhibition of its repair. Surprisingly, the level and activity of 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1), responsible for repair of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, was found to be higher in the liver mitochondrial extract from old rodents than in that from young ones. We addressed this paradox by analyzing OGG1 in the mitochondria of young vs. old mouse livers, as well as in replicating vs. presenescent human fibroblasts. We show here that although the total OGG1 activity is higher in old mitochondria, a large fraction of the enzyme is stuck to the membrane in the precursor form, which could not be translocated to and processed in the mitochondrial matrix. A nearly identical phenomenon was observed with the mitochondrial uracil-DNA glycosylase responsible for repair of mutagenic uracil. These results indicate an age-dependent decline in the mitochondrial import of proteins needed for DNA repair and possibly for other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szczesny
- Sealy Center for Molecular Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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43
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Hsieh CC, Rosenblatt JI, Papaconstantinou J. Age-associated changes in SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK signaling in response to the generation of ROS by 3-nitropropionic acid. Mech Ageing Dev 2003; 124:733-46. [PMID: 12782417 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(03)00083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a major source of oxidative stress in aged tissues. In this study we asked whether activities of components of the SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK stress response signaling pathways are indicative of oxidative stress in aged mouse livers and whether these pathways are responsive to oxidative stress generated by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), an inhibitor of complex II (succinic dehydrogenase). We asked whether (a) aging affects the basal activity of the SAPK/JNK stress signaling pathway; (b) specific isoforms of JNK, i.e. 46 or 54 kDa JNKs are activated by 3-NPA; (c) aging affects the response of this signaling pathway to 3-NPA; (d) there is a cross pathway activation of JNK or p38 MAPK by upstream activators. Our studies have shown that although their protein pool levels are not altered, the basal JNK activities using c-Jun as substrate is elevated. Furthermore, in aged livers, JNK activity is induced to a greater extent and takes longer to recover from 3-NPA treatment. The activities of the upstream activators of JNKs, MAP kinase kinase (MKK) 4 and 7, are also elevated in livers of aged C57BL/6 male mice. These activator kinases, which are induced (phosphorylated) by 3-NPA in young livers, are not inducible by this inhibitor in aged livers. In fact, these proteins are highly phosphorylated in the control aged livers and are dephosphorylated in response to 3-NPA. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time that MKK7 serves as an upstream activator of p38 MAPK and that MKK3 and MKK6 activates 54 kDa JNK2 in aged liver. Our studies suggest that failure to respond to 3-NPA may be indicative of the susceptibility of aged tissue to oxidative stress, supporting our hypothesis that aged tissues (especially liver) develop a state of chronic stress even in the absence of a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chyuan Hsieh
- Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 613 Basic Science Building, Rt. 0643, Galveston, TX 77555-0643, USA
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