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Donzanti MJ, Mhatre O, Chernokal B, Renteria DC, Gleghorn JP. Stochastic to Deterministic: A straightforward approach to create serially perfusable multiscale capillary beds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592474. [PMID: 38766003 PMCID: PMC11100595 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Generation of in vitro tissue models with serially perfused hierarchical vasculature would allow greater control of fluid perfusion throughout the network and enable direct mechanistic investigation of vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling. In this work, we have developed a method to produce a closed, serially perfused, multiscale vessel network embedded within an acellular hydrogel. We confirmed that the acellular and cellular gel-gel interface was functionally annealed without preventing or biasing cell migration and endothelial self-assembly. Multiscale connectivity of the vessel network was validated via high-resolution microscopy techniques to confirm anastomosis between self-assembled and patterned vessels. Lastly, using fluorescently labeled microspheres, the multiscale network was serially perfused to confirm patency and barrier function. Directional flow from inlet to outlet man-dated flow through the capillary bed. This method for producing closed, multiscale vascular networks was developed with the intention of straightforward fabrication and engineering techniques so as to be a low barrier to entry for researchers who wish to investigate mechanistic questions in vascular biology. This ease of use offers a facile extension of these methods for incorporation into organoid culture, organ-on-a-chip (OOC) models, and bioprinted tissues.
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2
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He S, Liu W, Wei L, Chen Q, Li Z. A phenomenological model of pulsatile blood pressure-affected degradation of polylactic acid (PLA) vascular stent. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:1347-1359. [PMID: 38183527 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The stent implantation may alter the post-operative patient's blood pressure, and bioresorbable vascular stents (BVS) as a candidate to treat vascular diseases, its degradation is affected by mechanical stress, thus, the altered pressure representing varying stress level will result in different degradation behaviors of the BVS. This paper first proposed a novel stress-regulated PLA degradation model that included swelling factor, and then the degradation evolutions of a PLA BVS within 180 days under normal and high blood pressures were simulated by finite element method, and more four degradation indexes were defined to study the effects of the two blood pressures on the degradation of the PLA BVS. The results showed that the high pressure weakly accelerated the degradation of the PLA BVS with respect to the normal pressure by examining the four indexes, e.g., the residual stent volumev r ( t ) decreased to 0.72 and 0.69, respectively for the normal and high pressures at day 180. The current finding provided a theoretical understanding of the PLA BVS degradation, and hinted that the PLA BVS may not need to be elaborately selected in clinical practices for treating hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng He
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanling Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD4001, Australia.
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Paloschi V, Pauli J, Winski G, Wu Z, Li Z, Botti L, Meucci S, Conti P, Rogowitz F, Glukha N, Hummel N, Busch A, Chernogubova E, Jin H, Sachs N, Eckstein HH, Dueck A, Boon RA, Bausch AR, Maegdefessel L. Utilization of an Artery-on-a-Chip to Unravel Novel Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Vascular Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302907. [PMID: 37797407 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, organ-on-chip technology is used to develop an in vitro model of medium-to-large size arteries, the artery-on-a-chip (AoC), with the objective to recapitulate the structure of the arterial wall and the relevant hemodynamic forces affecting luminal cells. AoCs exposed either to in vivo-like shear stress values or kept in static conditions are assessed to generate a panel of novel genes modulated by shear stress. Considering the crucial role played by shear stress alterations in carotid arteries affected by atherosclerosis (CAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) disease development/progression, a patient cohort of hemodynamically relevant specimens is utilized, consisting of diseased and non-diseased (internal control) vessel regions from the same patient. Genes activated by shear stress follow the same expression pattern in non-diseased segments of human vessels. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables to discriminate the unique cell subpopulations between non-diseased and diseased vessel portions, revealing an enrichment of flow activated genes in structural cells originating from non-diseased specimens. Furthermore, the AoC served as a platform for drug-testing. It reproduced the effects of a therapeutic agent (lenvatinib) previously used in preclinical AAA studies, therefore extending the understanding of its therapeutic effect through a multicellular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paloschi
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Pauli
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336, Berlin, Germany
| | - Greg Winski
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Unit, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 10073, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Botti
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy
| | - Sandro Meucci
- Micronit Microtechnologies, Enschede, 15 7521, The Netherlands
| | - Pierangelo Conti
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy
| | | | - Nadiya Glukha
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Nora Hummel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Albert Busch
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department for Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Chernogubova
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Unit, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Unit, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadja Sachs
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Dueck
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, 60323, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, 10785, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas R Bausch
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Unit, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Osakabe N, Shimizu T, Fujii Y, Fushimi T, Calabrese V. Sensory Nutrition and Bitterness and Astringency of Polyphenols. Biomolecules 2024; 14:234. [PMID: 38397471 PMCID: PMC10887135 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the interaction of dietary constituents with taste and olfactory receptors and nociceptors expressed in the oral cavity, nasal cavity and gastrointestinal tract regulate homeostasis through activation of the neuroendocrine system. Polyphenols, of which 8000 have been identified to date, represent the greatest diversity of secondary metabolites in plants, most of which are bitter and some of them astringent. Epidemiological studies have shown that polyphenol intake contributes to maintaining and improving cardiovascular, cognitive and sensory health. However, because polyphenols have very low bioavailability, the mechanisms of their beneficial effects are unknown. In this review, we focused on the taste of polyphenols from the perspective of sensory nutrition, summarized the results of previous studies on their relationship with bioregulation and discussed their future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Osakabe
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
- Systems Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan;
- Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Faculty of System Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.F.)
| | - Takafumi Shimizu
- Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Faculty of System Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yasuyuki Fujii
- Department of Bio-Science and Engineering, Faculty of System Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.F.)
| | - Taiki Fushimi
- Systems Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan;
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
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Zhang M, Li J, Ji N, Bao Q, Sun N, Rong H, Peng X, Yang L, Xie M, He S, Lin Q, Zhang Z, Li L, Zhang L. Reducing Cholesterol Level in Live Macrophages Improves Delivery Performance by Enhancing Blood Shear Stress Adaptation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:607-616. [PMID: 38095305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, live-cell-based drug delivery systems have gained considerable attention. However, shear stress, which accompanies blood flow, may cause cell death and weaken the delivery performance. In this study, we found that reducing cholesterol in macrophage plasma membranes enhanced their tumor targeting ability by more than 2-fold. Our study demonstrates that the reduced cholesterol level deactivated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and consequently promoted the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), which in turn enhanced the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by shear stress. A proof-of-concept system using low cholesterol macrophages attached to MXene (e.g., l-RX) was fabricated. In a melanoma mouse model, l-RX and laser irradiation treatments eliminated tumors with no recurrences observed in mice. Therefore, cholesterol reduction is a simple and effective way to enhance the targeting performance of macrophage-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Zhang
- Med-X center for Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Ji
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qixue Bao
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ningyun Sun
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongding Rong
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xu Peng
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Med-X center for Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mingxin Xie
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shanshan He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Med-X center for Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Cevik M, Dikici S. Development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts from decellularized parsley stems. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:338-350. [PMID: 38088147 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01236k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are mostly associated with narrowing or blockage of blood vessels, and it is the most common cause of death worldwide. The use of vascular grafts is a promising approach to bypass or replace the blocked vessels for long-term treatment. Although autologous arteries or veins are the most preferred tissue sources for vascular bypass, the limited presence and poor quality of autologous vessels necessitate seeking alternative biomaterials. Recently, synthetic grafts have gained attention as an alternative to autologous grafts. However, the high failure rate of synthetic grafts has been reported primarily due to thrombosis, atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, or infection. Thrombosis, the main reason for failure upon implantation, is associated with damage or absence of endothelial cell lining in the vascular graft's luminal surface. To overcome this, tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have come into prominence. Alongside the well-established scaffold manufacturing techniques, decellularized plant-based constructs have recently gained significant importance and are an emerging field in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Accordingly, in this study, we demonstrated the fabrication of tubular scaffolds from decellularized parsley stems and recellularized them with human endothelial cells to be used as a potential TEVG. Our results suggested that the native plant DNA was successfully removed, and soft tubular biomaterials were successfully manufactured via the chemical decellularization of the parsley stems. The decellularized parsley stems showed suitable mechanical and biological properties to be used as a TEVG material, and they provided a suitable environment for the culture of human endothelial cells to attach and create a pseudo endothelium prior to implantation. This study is the first one to demonstrate the potential of the parsley stems to be used as a potential TEVG biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Cevik
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Education, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Dikici
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey.
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7
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Yu H, Cao H, Yu H. MicroRNA-98 inhibition accelerates the development of atherosclerosis via regulation of dysfunction of endothelial cell. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2206068. [PMID: 37183710 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2206068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis has been recognized as a chronic inflammation initiated by dysfunction of endothelial cell that contributes to the increased morbidity and mortality of severe cardiovascular events. The reported important role of microRNA-98 (miR-98) in regulation of endothelial cell behaviors prompt us to hypothesize that miR-98 could be involved in the process of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS The current research showed the miR-98 expression was gradually down-regulated in atherosclerotic mouse arteries isolated from ApoE ablation mice subjected to high fat diet. Additionally, a dramatically reduced miR-98 expression in endothelial cells administrated to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) but a slight down-regulated level was found in macrophages. Functionally, attenuated miR-98 expression promoted secretion of chemokines and adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by Ox-LDL, which subsequently increased infiltration and pro-inflammatory genes expression of macrophages, as well as the foam cell formation. Mechanistically, in vitro experiments indicated that the endothelial cell dysfunction regulated by miR-98 knockdown was partially contributed by upregulated expression of HMGB1. Furthermore, the animal experiment with ApoE-/- mice administrated with miR-98 inhibitor demonstrated that miR-98 silencing enhanced the atherosclerotic lesions in aorta and aortic sinus that were accompanied with increased adhesion molecules, chemokines, and pro-inflammatory markers expression. CONCLUSION MicroRNA-98 knockdown promoted endothelial cell dysfunction to affect the inflammatory state of macrophage and the development of atherosclerosis, at least partially, through direct targeting HMGB1. Collected, these data suggested that miR-98 could be a novel drug target for atherogenesis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Davies MD, Hughes F, Sandoo A, Alejmi A, Macdonald JH. The effect of exercise on vascular health in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F638-F655. [PMID: 37733834 PMCID: PMC10881234 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00152.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This increased risk cannot be fully explained by traditional risk factors such as hypertension. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness have been suggested as factors that explain some of the increased risk and are independently associated with important cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD. Studies in other disease populations have shown the positive effects of exercise on vascular dysfunction. The aim of this review was to determine whether exercise training interventions improve measures of vascular function and morphology in patients across the spectrum of CKD and which exercise training interventions are most efficacious. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register identified 25 randomized controlled trials. Only randomized control trials using an exercise intervention with a nonexercising control group and at least one measure of vascular function or morphology were included. Participants were patients with nondialysis CKD or transplant patients or those requiring dialysis therapy. A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A meta-analysis was completed for pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and measures of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Data from 25 studies with 872 participants showed that exercise training reduced pulse wave velocity and augmentation index but had no effect on endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Subgroup analyses suggested that exercise interventions of at least moderate intensity were more likely to be effective. Limitations included the absence of observational studies or other interventions aimed at increasing habitual physical activity. Further studies are warranted to investigate which are the most effective exercise interventions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A thorough systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise training on measures of vascular function in patients with chronic kidney disease, including arterial stiffness and endothelial function, were conducted. Subgroup analyses investigated how differences in exercise training, according to frequency, intensity, type, and timing, have an impact on the efficacy of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Davies
- Institute for Applied Human Physiology, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity Hughes
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ysbyty Gwynedd Hospital, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - Aamer Sandoo
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Department of Sport Science, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulfattah Alejmi
- Renal Department, Ysbyty Gwynedd Hospital, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Hugo Macdonald
- Institute for Applied Human Physiology, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
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Wang Z, Fang C, Yao M, Wu D, Chen M, Guo T, Mo J. Research progress of NF-κB signaling pathway and thrombosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257988. [PMID: 37841272 PMCID: PMC10570553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism is a very common and costly health problem. Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) can cause permanent damage to the venous system and lead to swelling, ulceration, gangrene, and other symptoms in the affected limb. In addition, more than half of the embolus of pulmonary embolism comes from venous thrombosis, which is the most serious cause of death, second only to ischemic heart disease and stroke patients. It can be seen that deep-vein thrombosis has become a serious disease affecting human health. In recent years, with the deepening of research, inflammatory response is considered to be an important pathway to trigger venous thromboembolism, in which the transcription factor NF-κB is the central medium of inflammation, and the NF-κB signaling pathway can regulate the pro-inflammatory and coagulation response. Thus, to explore the mechanism and make use of it may provide new solutions for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chucun Fang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengting Yao
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongwen Wu
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Maga Chen
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianting Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Ganzhou City Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianwen Mo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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10
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Fumadó Navarro J, Lomora M. Mechanoresponsive Drug Delivery Systems for Vascular Diseases. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200466. [PMID: 36670512 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanoresponsive drug delivery systems (DDS) have emerged as promising candidates to improve the current effectiveness and lower the side effects typically associated with direct drug administration in the context of vascular diseases. Despite tremendous research efforts to date, designing drug delivery systems able to respond to mechanical stimuli to potentially treat these diseases is still in its infancy. By understanding relevant biological forces emerging in healthy and pathological vascular endothelium, it is believed that better-informed design strategies can be deduced for the fabrication of simple-to-complex macromolecular assemblies capable of sensing mechanical forces. These responsive systems are discussed through insights into essential parameter design (composition, size, shape, and aggregation state) , as well as their functionalization with (macro)molecules that are intrinsically mechanoresponsive (e.g., mechanosensitive ion channels and mechanophores). Mechanical forces, including the pathological shear stress and exogenous stimuli (e.g., ultrasound, magnetic fields), used for the activation of mechanoresponsive DDS are also introduced, followed by in vitro and in vivo experimental models used to investigate and validate such novel therapies. Overall, this review aims to propose a fresh perspective through identified challenges and proposed solutions that could be of benefit for the further development of this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Fumadó Navarro
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Upper Newcastle, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Mihai Lomora
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Upper Newcastle, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
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11
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Jiang Q, Mei X, Huan N, Su W, Cheng L, He H, Zhang L. In vitro comparative study of red blood cell and VWF damage on 3D printing biomaterials under different blood-contacting conditions. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2023; 237:1029-1036. [PMID: 37417741 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231186474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) are often associated with hemocompatible complications such as hemolysis and gastrointestinal bleeding when treating patients with end-stage heart failure. Shear stress and exposure time have been identified as the two most important mechanical factors causing blood damage. However, the materials of MCSDs may also induce blood damage when contacting with blood. In this study, the red blood cell and von Willebrand Factor (VWF) damage caused by four 3D printing biomaterials were investigated, including acrylic, PCISO, Somos EvoLVe 128, and stainless steel. A roller pump circulation experimental platform and a rotor blood-shearing experimental platform were constructed to mimic static and dynamic blood-contacting conditions of materials in MCSDs, respectively. Free hemoglobin assay and VWF molecular weight analysis were performed on the experimental blood samples. It indicated that different 3D printing materials and technology could induce different levels of damage to red blood cells and VWF, with acrylic causing the least damage under both static and dynamic conditions. In addition, it was found that blood damage measured for the same material differed on the two platforms. Therefore, a combination of static and dynamic experiments should be used to comprehensively investigate the effects of blood damage caused by the material. It can provide a reference for the design and evaluation of materials in different components of MCSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiubo Jiang
- Artificial Organ Laboratory, Bio-manufacturing Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Mei
- Artificial Organ Laboratory, Bio-manufacturing Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nana Huan
- Artificial Organ Laboratory, Bio-manufacturing Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wangwang Su
- Artificial Organ Laboratory, Bio-manufacturing Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longhui Cheng
- Artificial Organ Laboratory, Bio-manufacturing Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haidong He
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liudi Zhang
- Artificial Organ Laboratory, Bio-manufacturing Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Fushimi T, Oyama S, Koizumi R, Fujii Y, Osakabe N. Impact of cyanidin 3- O-glucoside on rat micro-and systemic circulation, possibly thorough angiogenesis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:132-138. [PMID: 36936871 PMCID: PMC10017319 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G), an antioxidant, is one of the most abundant anthocyanin in plant foods. Intervention trials and subsequent meta-analyses have suggested that anthocyanins could reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated hemodynamic alterations following a single intragastric dose of C3G by measuring blood flow in rat cremaster muscle arteriole for 60 min. Next, in excised aortas, we performed western blotting to measure the phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). A single oral dose of C3G significantly increased blood flow soon after ingestion, and it was maintained throughout the experimental period. In addition, aortic Akt phosphorylation increased. Then, we examined the impact of repeated oral administrations of C3G for 14 days. The mean blood pressure was significantly reduced at 7 and 14 days after treatment, with a slight increase in aortic eNOS expression. Immunohistochemical analyses of the soleus showed that the level of CD31, an angiogenesis-marker protein, was significantly increased with C3G. These results suggested that an oral dose of C3G increased blood flow, which promoted angiogenesis within skeletal muscle, and consequently, blood pressure was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Fushimi
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minumaku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Shiori Oyama
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minumaku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Ryo Koizumi
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minumaku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujii
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minumaku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Naomi Osakabe
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minumaku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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13
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Allen BJ, Frye H, Ramanathan R, Caggiano LR, Tabima DM, Chesler NC, Philip JL. Biomechanical and Mechanobiological Drivers of the Transition From PostCapillary Pulmonary Hypertension to Combined Pre-/PostCapillary Pulmonary Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028121. [PMID: 36734341 PMCID: PMC9973648 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Combined pre-/postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (Cpc-PH), a complication of left heart failure, is associated with higher mortality rates than isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension alone. Currently, knowledge gaps persist on the mechanisms responsible for the progression of isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (Ipc-PH) to Cpc-PH. Here, we review the biomechanical and mechanobiological impact of left heart failure on pulmonary circulation, including mechanotransduction of these pathological forces, which lead to altered biological signaling and detrimental remodeling, driving the progression to Cpc-PH. We focus on pathologically increased cyclic stretch and decreased wall shear stress; mechanotransduction by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pulmonary arterial fibroblasts; and signaling-stimulated remodeling of the pulmonary veins, capillaries, and arteries that propel the transition from Ipc-PH to Cpc-PH. Identifying biomechanical and mechanobiological mechanisms of Cpc-PH progression may highlight potential pharmacologic avenues to prevent right heart failure and subsequent mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty J. Allen
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Hailey Frye
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Rasika Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Laura R. Caggiano
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA
| | - Diana M. Tabima
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Naomi C. Chesler
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA
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14
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Ghasemi Nasab MS, Niroomand-Oscuii H, Bazmara H, Soltani M. Multi-scale model of lumen formation via inverse membrane blebbing mechanism during sprouting angiogenesis process. J Theor Biol 2023; 556:111312. [PMID: 36279960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among people worldwide. Cancer appears as solid tumors in many cases. Angiogenesis is the growth of blood vessels from the existing vasculature and is one of the imperative processes in tumor growth. Another vital phenomenon for formation and functionality of this vasculature network is lumen formation. The results of recent studies indicate the importance of blood pressure in this mechanism. Computational modeling can study these processes in different scales. Hence, wide varieties of these models have been proposed during recent years. In this research, a multi-scale model is developed for the angiogenesis process. In the extracellular scale, the growth factor concentration is calculated via the reaction diffusion equation. At the cellular scale, growth, migration, and the adhesion of endothelial cells are modeled by the Potts cellular model. At the intra-cellular scale by considering biochemical signals, a Boolean network model describes migration, division, or apoptosis of endothelial cells. A stochastic model developed for lumen formation via inverse membrane blebbing mechanism. A CFD simulation was also used to investigate the role of pulsated blood pressure in the inverse membrane blebbing mechanism. The lumen formation model shows stochastic behavior in blebs expansion and lumen expansion. Comparing the stochastic model's results with the CFD simulation also shows the vital role of pressure pulse and the topology of the blebs in bleb retraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Majid Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Computational Medicine Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Blood brain barrier-on-a-chip to model neurological diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Bui TA, Jickling GC, Winship IR. Neutrophil dynamics and inflammaging in acute ischemic stroke: A transcriptomic review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1041333. [PMID: 36620775 PMCID: PMC9813499 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1041333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Restoring blood flow through recanalization is currently the only acute treatment for cerebral ischemia. Unfortunately, many patients that achieve a complete recanalization fail to regain functional independence. Recent studies indicate that activation of peripheral immune cells, particularly neutrophils, may contribute to microcirculatory failure and futile recanalization. Stroke primarily affects the elderly population, and mortality after endovascular therapies is associated with advanced age. Previous analyses of differential gene expression across injury status and age identify ischemic stroke as a complex age-related disease. It also suggests robust interactions between stroke injury, aging, and inflammation on a cellular and molecular level. Understanding such interactions is crucial in developing effective protective treatments. The global stroke burden will continue to increase with a rapidly aging human population. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of age-dependent vulnerability are poorly defined. In this review, we will discuss how neutrophil-specific gene expression patterns may contribute to poor treatment responses in stroke patients. We will also discuss age-related transcriptional changes that may contribute to poor clinical outcomes and greater susceptibility to cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong An Bui
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen C. Jickling
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ian R. Winship
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Ian R. Winship,
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17
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Nemoto EM, Bragin D. Low Flow and Microvascular Shunts: A Final Common Pathway to Cerebrovascular Disease: A Working Hypothesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1395:123-126. [PMID: 36527625 PMCID: PMC10049872 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14190-4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Low flow and microvascular shunts (MVS) is the final common pathway in cerebrovascular disease. Low flow in brain capillaries (diam. 3-8 μm) decreases endothelial wall shear rate sensed by the glycocalyx regulating endothelial function: water permeability; nitric oxide synthesis via nitric oxide synthase; leucocyte adhesion to the endothelial wall and penetration into the tissue; activation of cytokines and chemokines initiating inflammation in tissue. Tissue edema combined with pericyte and astrocyte capillary constriction increases capillary resistance. Increased capillary resistance diverts flow through MVS (diam. 10-25 μm) that are non-nutritive, without gas exchange, waste or metabolite clearance and cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation. MVS predominate in subcortical and periventricular white matter. The shift in flow from capillaries to MVS is a pathological, maladaptive process. Low perfusion in the injured tissue exacerbates brain edema. Low blood flow and MVS alone can lead to all of the processes involved in tissue injury including inflammation and microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin M Nemoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Denis Bragin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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18
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Habib S, Hafeez MS, Yuo TH, Subramaniam K. The Unstable Carotid Plaque. Anesthesiol Clin 2022; 40:737-749. [PMID: 36328626 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carotid revascularization is performed to prevent cerebrovascular events in patients with symptomatic (>50%) and asymptomatic high degree (>70%) carotid stenosis. As this operation carries significant risks for perioperative stroke, careful selection of patients who will benefit from the procedure is essential. Certain plaque characteristics, including texture, are associated with increased tendency for rupture and can be used to identify high-risk patients. Medical therapy, carotid endarterectomy, and carotid stenting are the mainstays for patient management. With careful selection of patients, all anesthesia techniques (general anesthesia, monitored anesthesia care, and regional anesthesia) can be used safely for these revascularization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Habib
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15143, USA
| | - Muhammad Saad Hafeez
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15143, USA
| | - Theodore H Yuo
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15143, USA
| | - Kathirvel Subramaniam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 3471 5th Avenue Ste 402, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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19
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Adams JA, Uryash A, Lopez JR. Non-Invasive Pulsatile Shear Stress Modifies Endothelial Activation; A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123050. [PMID: 36551807 PMCID: PMC9775985 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The monolayer of cells that line both the heart and the entire vasculature is the endothelial cell (EC). These cells respond to external and internal signals, producing a wide array of primary or secondary messengers involved in coagulation, vascular tone, inflammation, and cell-to-cell signaling. Endothelial cell activation is the process by which EC changes from a quiescent cell phenotype, which maintains cellular integrity, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, to a phenotype that is prothrombotic, pro-inflammatory, and permeable, in addition to repair and leukocyte trafficking at the site of injury or infection. Pathological activation of EC leads to increased vascular permeability, thrombosis, and an uncontrolled inflammatory response that leads to endothelial dysfunction. This pathological activation can be observed during ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and sepsis. Shear stress (SS) and pulsatile shear stress (PSS) are produced by mechanical frictional forces of blood flow and contraction of the heart, respectively, and are well-known mechanical signals that affect EC function, morphology, and gene expression. PSS promotes EC homeostasis and cardiovascular health. The archetype of inducing PSS is exercise (i.e., jogging, which introduces pulsations to the body as a function of the foot striking the pavement), or mechanical devices which induce external pulsations to the body (Enhanced External Pulsation (EECP), Whole-body vibration (WBV), and Whole-body periodic acceleration (WBPA aka pGz)). The purpose of this narrative review is to focus on the aforementioned noninvasive methods to increase PSS, review how each of these modify specific diseases that have been shown to induce endothelial activation and microcirculatory dysfunction (Ischemia reperfusion injury-myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest and resuscitation), sepsis, and lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis syndrome (LPS)), and review current evidence and insight into how each may modify endothelial activation and how these may be beneficial in the acute and chronic setting of endothelial activation and microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
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20
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Targeting CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Identifying the Molecular Mechanisms and Types of Cell Death Induced by bio- and pyr-Silica Nanoparticles in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095103. [PMID: 35563494 PMCID: PMC9100598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "nanosilica" refers to materials containing ultrafine particles. They have gained a rapid increase in popularity in a variety of applications and in numerous aspects of human life. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, SiO2 nanoparticles have attracted significant attention in the field of biomedicine. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the cellular response to stress which is induced by the exposure of cells to both biogenic and pyrogenic silica nanoparticles and which may lead to their death. Both TEM and fluorescence microscopy investigations confirmed molecular changes in cells after treatment with silica nanoparticles. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds and intracellular RNS were determined in relation to HMEC-1 cells using the fluorimetric method. Apoptosis was quantified by microscopic assessment and by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the impact of nanosilica on cell migration and cell cycle arrest were determined. The obtained results compared the biological effects of mesoporous silica nanoparticles extracted from Urtica dioica L. and pyrogenic material and indicated that both types of NPs have an impact on RNS production causing apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Although mesoporous silica nanoparticles did not cause cell cycle arrest, at the concentration of 50 μg/mL and higher they could disturb redox balance and stimulate cell migration.
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22
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Helms F, Zippusch S, Theilen J, Haverich A, Wilhelmi M, Böer U. An encapsulated fibrin-based bioartificial tissue construct with integrated macrovessels, microchannels and capillary tubes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2239-2249. [PMID: 35485750 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Facilitating sufficient nutrient and oxygen supply in large-scale bioartificial constructs is a critical step in organ bioengineering. Immediate perfusion not only depends on a dense capillary network, but also requires integrated large-diameter vessels that allow vascular anastomoses during implantation. These requirements set high demands for matrix generation as well as for in vitro cultivation techniques and remain mostly unsolved challenges up until today. Additionally, bioartificial constructs must have sufficient biomechanical stability to withstand mechanical stresses during and after implantation. We developed a bioartificial tissue construct with a fibrin matrix containing human umbilical vein endothelial cells and adipose tissue-derived stem cells facilitating capillary-like network formation. This core matrix was surrounded by a dense acellular fibrin capsule providing biomechanical stability. Two fibrin-based macrovessels were integrated on each side of the construct and interconnected via four 1.2 mm thick microchannels penetrating the cellularized core matrix. After four days of perfusion in a custom-built bioreactor, homogenous capillary-like network formation throughout the core matrix was observed. The fibrin capsule stabilized the core matrix and facilitated the generation of a self-supporting construct. Thus, the encapsulated fibrin tissue construct could provide a universal pre-vascularized matrix for seeding with different cell types in various tissue engineering approaches. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Helms
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Zippusch
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonathan Theilen
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelmi
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, St. Bernward Hospital, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Ulrike Böer
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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23
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Kırat T. Fundamentals of percutaneous coronary bifurcation interventions. World J Cardiol 2022; 14:108-138. [PMID: 35432773 PMCID: PMC8968454 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i3.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary bifurcation lesions (CBLs) account for 15%-20% of all percutaneous coronary interventions. The complex nature of these lesions is responsible for poorer procedural, early and late outcomes. This complex lesion subset has received great attention in the interventional cardiac community, and multiple stenting techniques have been developed. Of these, the provisional stenting technique is most often the default strategy; however, the elective double stenting (EDS) technique is preferred in certain subsets of complex CBLs. The double kissing crush technique may be the preferred EDS technique because of its efficacy and safety in comparative trials; however, this technique consists of many steps and requires training. Many new methods have recently been added to the EDS techniques to provide better stent scaffolding and to reduce early and late adverse outcomes. Intravascular imaging is necessary to determine the interventional strategy and postinterventional results. This review discusses the basic concepts, contemporary percutaneous interventional technical approaches, new methods, and controversial treatment issues of CBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Kırat
- Department of Cardiology, Yücelen Hospital, Muğla 48000, Turkey
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24
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Jebari-Benslaiman S, Galicia-García U, Larrea-Sebal A, Olaetxea JR, Alloza I, Vandenbroeck K, Benito-Vicente A, Martín C. Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063346. [PMID: 35328769 PMCID: PMC8954705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and, followed by a cascade of events (accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification), triggers the vessel narrowing and activation of inflammatory pathways. The resultant atheroma plaque, along with these processes, results in cardiovascular complications. This review focuses on the different stages of atherosclerosis development, ranging from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture. In addition, the post-transcriptional regulation and modulation of atheroma plaque by microRNAs and lncRNAs, the role of microbiota, and the importance of sex as a crucial risk factor in atherosclerosis are covered here in order to provide a global view of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Jebari-Benslaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
| | - Unai Galicia-García
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Larrea-Sebal
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Iraide Alloza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Benito-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-V.); (C.M.); Tel.: +34-946-01-2741 (C.M.)
| | - César Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-V.); (C.M.); Tel.: +34-946-01-2741 (C.M.)
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25
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Fang P, Du J, Boraschi A, Bozzi S, Redaelli A, Schmid Daners M, Kurtcuoglu V, Consolo F, de Zélicourt D. Insights Into the Low Rate of In-Pump Thrombosis With the HeartMate 3: Does the Artificial Pulse Improve Washout? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:775780. [PMID: 35360020 PMCID: PMC8962620 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.775780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While earlier studies reported no relevant effect of the HeartMate 3 (HM3) artificial pulse (AP) on bulk pump washout, its effect on regions with prolonged residence times remains unexplored. Using numerical simulations, we compared pump washout in the HM3 with and without AP with a focus on the clearance of the last 5% of the pump volume. Results were examined in terms of flush-volume (Vf, number of times the pump was flushed with new blood) to probe the effect of the AP independent of changing flow rate. Irrespective of the flow condition, the HM3 washout scaled linearly with flush volume up to 70% washout and slowed down for the last 30%. Flush volumes needed to washout 95% of the pump were comparable with and without the AP (1.3–1.4 Vf), while 99% washout required 2.1–2.2 Vf with the AP vs. 2.5 Vf without the AP. The AP enhanced washout of the bend relief and near-wall regions. It also transiently shifted or eliminated stagnation regions and led to rapid wall shear stress fluctuations below the rotor and in the secondary flow path. Our results suggest potential benefits of the AP for clearance of fluid regions that might elicit in-pump thrombosis and provide possible mechanistic rationale behind clinical data showing very low rate of in-pump thrombosis with the HM3. Further optimization of the AP sequence is warranted to balance washout efficacy while limiting blood damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The Interface Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jianjun Du
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Andrea Boraschi
- The Interface Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Bozzi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marianne Schmid Daners
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vartan Kurtcuoglu
- The Interface Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Consolo
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Diane de Zélicourt
- The Interface Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Diane de Zélicourt
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Hope JM, Dombroski JA, Pereles RS, Lopez-Cavestany M, Greenlee JD, Schwager SC, Reinhart-King CA, King MR. Fluid shear stress enhances T cell activation through Piezo1. BMC Biol 2022; 20:61. [PMID: 35260156 PMCID: PMC8904069 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell activation is a mechanical process as much as it is a biochemical process. In this study, we used a cone-and-plate viscometer system to treat Jurkat and primary human T cells with fluid shear stress (FSS) to enhance the activation of the T cells through mechanical means. Results The FSS treatment of T cells in combination with soluble and bead-bound CD3/CD28 antibodies increased the activation of signaling proteins essential for T cell activation, such as zeta-chain-associated protein kinase-70 (ZAP70), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and AP-1 (activator protein 1). The FSS treatment also enhanced the expression of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), which are necessary for sustained T cell activation and function. The enhanced activation of T cells by FSS was calcium dependent. The calcium signaling was controlled by the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1, as GsMTx-4 and Piezo1 knockout reduced ZAP70 phosphorylation by FSS. Conclusions These results demonstrate an intriguing new dynamic to T cell activation, as the circulatory system consists of different magnitudes of FSS and could have a proinflammatory role in T cell function. The results also identify a potential pathophysiological relationship between T cell activation and FSS, as hypertension is a disease characterized by abnormal blood flow and is correlated with multiple autoimmune diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01266-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Hope
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jenna A Dombroski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Rebecca S Pereles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Maria Lopez-Cavestany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Joshua D Greenlee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Samantha C Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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Marei I, Abu Samaan T, Al-Quradaghi MA, Farah AA, Mahmud SH, Ding H, Triggle CR. 3D Tissue-Engineered Vascular Drug Screening Platforms: Promise and Considerations. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:847554. [PMID: 35310996 PMCID: PMC8931492 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.847554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts devoted to drug discovery and development, the number of new drug approvals have been decreasing. Specifically, cardiovascular developments have been showing amongst the lowest levels of approvals. In addition, concerns over the adverse effects of drugs to the cardiovascular system have been increasing and resulting in failure at the preclinical level as well as withdrawal of drugs post-marketing. Besides factors such as the increased cost of clinical trials and increases in the requirements and the complexity of the regulatory processes, there is also a gap between the currently existing pre-clinical screening methods and the clinical studies in humans. This gap is mainly caused by the lack of complexity in the currently used 2D cell culture-based screening systems, which do not accurately reflect human physiological conditions. Cell-based drug screening is widely accepted and extensively used and can provide an initial indication of the drugs' therapeutic efficacy and potential cytotoxicity. However, in vitro cell-based evaluation could in many instances provide contradictory findings to the in vivo testing in animal models and clinical trials. This drawback is related to the failure of these 2D cell culture systems to recapitulate the human physiological microenvironment in which the cells reside. In the body, cells reside within a complex physiological setting, where they interact with and respond to neighboring cells, extracellular matrix, mechanical stress, blood shear stress, and many other factors. These factors in sum affect the cellular response and the specific pathways that regulate variable vital functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Although pre-clinical in vivo animal models provide this level of complexity, cross species differences can also cause contradictory results from that seen when the drug enters clinical trials. Thus, there is a need to better mimic human physiological conditions in pre-clinical studies to improve the efficiency of drug screening. A novel approach is to develop 3D tissue engineered miniaturized constructs in vitro that are based on human cells. In this review, we discuss the factors that should be considered to produce a successful vascular construct that is derived from human cells and is both reliable and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Marei
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Isra Marei
| | - Tala Abu Samaan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Asmaa A. Farah
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris R. Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Chris R. Triggle
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Han D, Lin A, Kuronuma K, Tzolos E, Kwan AC, Klein E, Andreini D, Bax JJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Chow BJW, Conte E, Cury RC, Feuchtner G, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Leipsic JA, Maffei E, Marques H, Plank F, Pontone G, Villines TC, Al-Mallah MH, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Danad I, Gransar H, Lu Y, Lee JH, Lee SE, Baskaran L, Al’Aref SJ, Yoon YE, Van Rosendael A, Budoff MJ, Samady H, Stone PH, Virmani R, Achenbach S, Narula J, Chang HJ, Min JK, Lin FY, Shaw LJ, Slomka PJ, Dey D, Berman DS. Association of Plaque Location and Vessel Geometry Determined by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography With Future Acute Coronary Syndrome-Causing Culprit Lesions. JAMA Cardiol 2022; 7:309-319. [PMID: 35080587 PMCID: PMC8792800 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.5705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Distinct plaque locations and vessel geometric features predispose to altered coronary flow hemodynamics. The association between these lesion-level characteristics assessed by coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) and risk of future acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine whether CCTA-derived adverse geometric characteristics (AGCs) of coronary lesions describing location and vessel geometry add to plaque morphology and burden for identifying culprit lesion precursors associated with future ACS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This substudy of ICONIC (Incident Coronary Syndromes Identified by Computed Tomography), a multicenter nested case-control cohort study, included patients with ACS and a culprit lesion precursor identified on baseline CCTA (n = 116) and propensity score-matched non-ACS controls (n = 116). Data were collected from July 20, 2012, to April 30, 2017, and analyzed from October 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021. EXPOSURES Coronary lesions were evaluated for the following 3 AGCs: (1) distance from the coronary ostium to lesion; (2) location at vessel bifurcations; and (3) vessel tortuosity, defined as the presence of 1 bend of greater than 90° or 3 curves of 45° to 90° using a 3-point angle within the lesion. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Association between lesion-level AGCs and risk of future ACS-causing culprit lesions. RESULTS Of 548 lesions, 116 culprit lesion precursors were identified in 116 patients (80 [69.0%] men; mean [SD], age 62.7 [11.5] years). Compared with nonculprit lesions, culprit lesion precursors had a shorter distance from the ostium (median, 35.1 [IQR, 23.6-48.4] mm vs 44.5 [IQR, 28.2-70.8] mm), more frequently localized to bifurcations (85 [73.3%] vs 168 [38.9%]), and had more tortuous vessel segments (5 [4.3%] vs 6 [1.4%]; all P < .05). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, an increasing number of AGCs was associated with a greater risk of future culprit lesions (hazard ratio [HR] for 1 AGC, 2.90 [95% CI, 1.38-6.08]; P = .005; HR for ≥2 AGCs, 6.84 [95% CI, 3.33-14.04]; P < .001). Adverse geometric characteristics provided incremental discriminatory value for culprit lesion precursors when added to a model containing stenosis severity, adverse morphological plaque characteristics, and quantitative plaque characteristics (area under the curve, 0.766 [95% CI, 0.718-0.814] vs 0.733 [95% CI, 0.685-0.782]). In per-patient comparison, patients with ACS had a higher frequency of lesions with adverse plaque characteristics, AGCs, or both compared with control patients (≥2 adverse plaque characteristics, 70 [60.3%] vs 50 [43.1%]; ≥2 AGCs, 92 [79.3%] vs 60 [51.7%]; ≥2 of both, 37 [31.9%] vs 20 [17.2%]; all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings support the concept that CCTA-derived AGCs capturing lesion location and vessel geometry are associated with risk of future ACS-causing culprit lesions. Adverse geometric characteristics may provide additive prognostic information beyond plaque assessment in CCTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Han
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew Lin
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Keiichiro Kuronuma
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Evangelos Tzolos
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alan C. Kwan
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eyal Klein
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Jeroen J. Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kavitha Chinnaiyan
- Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oaks, Michigan
| | - Benjamin J. W. Chow
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edoardo Conte
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gudrun Feuchtner
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jonathon A. Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fabian Plank
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Todd C. Villines
- Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mouaz H. Al-Mallah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Ibrahim Danad
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi Gransar
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yao Lu
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Subhi J. Al’Aref
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Yeonyee E. Yoon
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - Alexander Van Rosendael
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Torrance, California
| | - Habib Samady
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter H. Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Jagat Narula
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Fay Y. Lin
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - Leslee J. Shaw
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - Piotr J. Slomka
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Damini Dey
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel S. Berman
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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The Neuronal Transcription Factor Creb3l1 Potential Upregulates Ntrk2 in the Hypertensive Microenvironment to Promote Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Neuron Interaction and Prevent Neurons from Ferroptosis: A Bioinformatic Research of scRNA-seq Data. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8339759. [PMID: 35186168 PMCID: PMC8853773 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8339759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background There is still a lack of knowledge regarding the association between hypertension and ferroptosis. A single-cell approach was used to study the changes in neuropeptide expression as they might contribute to the mechanisms leading to ferroptosis in a hypertensive microenvironment. Methods We analyzed 11798 cells from the SHR group and 12589 cells from the WKY group of mouse arterial cells. CellPhoneDB was used for cell communication analysis, and the SCENIC method was used to identify key transcription factors in neurons. The correlation between Ntrk2 and ferroptosis-related genes was further analyzed and validated via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The arterial cells were clustered into six cell types. Ligand-receptor analysis suggested that Ngf, Ntf3, Cxcr4, and Ntrk2 were key neuropeptide-related genes involved in the communication between vascular smooth muscle cells and neural cells. In the hypertensive microenvironment, the neuronal transcription factor Creb3l1 appears to play a key role in the upregulation of Ntrk2 to promote the interaction between neurons and vascular smooth muscle cells. An association between Ntrk2 and the ferroptosis death inhibitor Gpx4 was suggested. RT-qPCR experiments confirmed that Ntrk2 downregulation in neural cells was followed by downregulated expression of Gpx4. Conclusions Creb3l1, a key transcription factor in vascular neurons, may upregulate Ntrk2 to promote vascular smooth muscle cell-neuron interaction and thereby potentially prevent ferroptosis in neurons.
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Li Z, Cipolla MJ. Mechanisms of Flow-Mediated Dilation of Pial Collaterals and the Effect of Hypertension. Hypertension 2022; 79:457-467. [PMID: 34856815 PMCID: PMC8755599 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Leptomeningeal anastomoses are small distal anastomotic vessels also known as pial collaterals in the brain. These vessels redirect blood flow during an occlusion and are important for stroke treatment and outcome. Pial collaterals have unique hemodynamic forces and experience significantly increased luminal flow and shear stress after the onset of ischemic stroke. However, there is limited knowledge of how pial collaterals respond to flow and shear stress, and whether this response is altered in chronic hypertension. Using an in vitro system, pial collaterals from normotensive and hypertensive rats (n=6-8/group) were isolated and luminal flow was induced with intravascular pressure maintained at 40 mm Hg. Collateral lumen diameter was measured following each flow rate in the absence or presence of pharmacological inhibitors and activators. Collaterals from male and female Wistar rats dilated similarly to increased flow (2 µL/minute: 58.4±18.7% versus 67.9±7.4%; P=0.275), and this response was prevented by inhibition of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 channel, as well as inhibitors of nitric oxide and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, suggesting shear stress-induced activation of this pathway was involved. However, the vasodilation was significantly impaired in hypertensive rats (2 µL/minute: 17.7±7.7%), which was restored by inhibitors of reactive oxygen species and mimicked by angiotensin II. Thus, flow- and shear stress-induced vasodilation of pial collaterals appears to be an important stimulus for increasing collateral flow during large vessel occlusion. Impairment of this response during chronic hypertension may be related to poorly engaged pial collaterals during ischemic stroke in hypertensive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojin Li
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Robert Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Marilyn J. Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Robert Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Robert Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Robert Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
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31
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Wall Shear Stress Alteration: a Local Risk Factor of Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:143-151. [PMID: 35080718 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-00993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Wall shear stress describes the mechanical influence of blood flow on the arterial wall. In this review, we discuss the role of the wall shear stress in the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. RECENT FINDINGS Areas with chronically low, oscillating wall shear stress are most prone to plaque development and include outer bifurcation walls and inner walls of arches. In some diseases, patients have lower wall shear stress even in straight arterial segments; also, these findings were associated with atherosclerosis. High wall shear stress develops in the distal part (shoulder) of a stenosis and contributes to plaque destabilization. Wall shear stress changes are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. They are not fully understood yet and act in concert with tangential wall stress.
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Chen S, Nazeri A, Baek H, Ye D, Yang Y, Yuan J, Rubin JB, Chen H. A review of bioeffects induced by focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles on the neurovascular unit. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:3-26. [PMID: 34551608 PMCID: PMC8721781 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211046129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound combined with circulating microbubbles (FUS+MB) can transiently enhance blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability at targeted brain locations. Its great promise in improving drug delivery to the brain is reflected by a rapidly growing number of clinical trials using FUS+MB to treat various brain diseases. As the clinical applications of FUS+MB continue to expand, it is critical to have a better understanding of the molecular and cellular effects induced by FUS+MB to enhance the efficacy of current treatment and enable the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. Existing studies primarily focus on FUS+MB-induced effects on brain endothelial cells, the major cellular component of BBB. However, bioeffects induced by FUS+MB expand beyond the BBB to cells surrounding blood vessels, including astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. Together these cell types comprise the neurovascular unit (NVU). In this review, we examine cell-type-specific bioeffects of FUS+MB on different NVU components, including enhanced permeability in endothelial cells, activation of astrocytes and microglia, as well as increased intraneuron protein metabolism and neuronal activity. Finally, we discuss knowledge gaps that must be addressed to further advance clinical applications of FUS+MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arash Nazeri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hongchae Baek
- Imaging Institute and Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yaoheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Individual Variability in von Willebrand Factor Fragility in Response to Shear Stress: A Possible Clue for Predicting Bleeding Risk. ASAIO J 2021; 68:1128-1134. [PMID: 34967782 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS), characterized by reduced von Willebrand factor (VWF) large multimers, has recently been implicated as the principal mechanism underlying bleeding in patients implanted with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Hematological severity of AVWS varies among patients, even if an identical device is implanted. We investigated whether this diversity in hematological severity is due to individual variability in VWF fragility, according to responses to incremental shear stress. Whole-blood samples were sheared at 20,000-40,000 s-1 shear rate, an index of shear stress, using a custom-made shear stressor that could generate shear stress compatible with that produced by an LVAD. The degree of VWF large multimers degradation was evaluated using the VWF large multimer index. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the VWF large multimer index and LVAD-compatible magnitudes of shear stress: the VWF large multimer indices were 68.5 ± 18.3, 48.0 ± 13.9, 33.9 ± 12.1, 23.7 ± 7.9, and 18.7% ± 8.7% at 20,000, 25,000, 30,000, 35,000, and 40,000 s-1 of shear rates, respectively (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, experimental VWF large multimer index values were compatible with those derived from patients with implanted LVADs (median; 28.9%). Finally, reduction in the VWF large multimer index corresponding to shear stress showed individual variation. We demonstrated that the combined use of a novel high shear stress loading device and quantitative evaluation of VWF large multimers may predict risk of bleeding before LVAD implantation.
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Hu J, Liu J, Jiang Q, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Dong W, Zhang H. Influence of Surgical Methods on Hemodynamics in Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis: A Computational Hemodynamic Analysis. Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 42:1730-1739. [PMID: 34160653 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-021-02657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We compared differences in the hemodynamic parameters of multiple surgical techniques for supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS). A three-dimensional model was reconstructed based on a patient's CT scan. Virtual McGoon, Doty, and Brom repairs were completed using computer-aided design (CAD). Hemodynamic parameters were calculated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The velocity profile and wall shear stress (WSS) showed the blood flow pattern. Energy loss (EL) and energy efficiency (EE) were calculated to estimate the cardiac workload. The perioperative blood flow ratio (BFR) of brachiocephalic vessels and coronary arteries was calculated. The preoperative flow velocity was abnormally high (> 5.0 m/s). High WSS was detected at the sinotubular junction (STJ), and its preoperative distribution in the aorta was uneven. High-speed flow disappeared after each of the three operations. The WSS distribution at the aortic root was consistent with the postoperative STJ structure of each operation. EL in the systolic phase decreased postoperatively (Original: 634 mW, McGoon: 218 mW, Doty: 278 mW, Brom: 255 mW). No significant difference in brachiocephalic BFR was detected among the different techniques. A slightly increased coronary BFR (Original: 7.56%, McGoon: 7.99%, Doty: 8.55%, Brom: 8.89%) was detected. McGoon, Doty, and Brom repair each effectively restored stable blood flow and greatly improved EE. The best WSS distribution and coronary blood supply were achieved after Brom repair due to its ability to reconstruct the symmetrical aortic root structure. CFD combined with a virtual operation is a promising method in surgical planning and optimization for SVAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China.
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Lin S, Li J, Shao J, Zhang J, He X, Huang D, Dong L, Lin J, Weng W, Cheng K. Anisotropic magneto-mechanical stimulation on collagen coatings to accelerate osteogenesis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112227. [PMID: 34838419 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation has been considered to be critical to cellular response and tissue regeneration. However, harnessing the direction of mechanical stimulation during osteogenesis still remains a challenge. In this study, we designed a series of novel magnetized collagen coatings (MCCs) (randomly or parallel-oriented collagen fibers) to exert the anisotropic mechanical stimulation using oriented magnetic actuation during osteogenesis. Strikingly, we found the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were significantly up-regulated when the direction of magnetic actuation was parallel to the randomly-oriented collagen coating surface, in contrast to the down-regulated capacity under the perpendicular magnetic actuation. Moreover, further exerting a parallel mechanical stimulation along the parallel-oriented collagen coating, which cells have been oriented by the oriented collagens, were not only able to up-regulate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs but also promote the new bone formation during osteogenesis in vivo. We also demonstrated the anisotropic magneto-mechanical stimulation for the osteogenic differences might be attributed to the stretching or bending tensile status of collagen fibers controlled by the direction of magnetic actuation, driving the α5β1-dependent integrin signaling cascade. This study therefore got insight of understanding the directional mechanical stimulation on osteogenesis, and also paved a way for sustaining regulation of the biomaterials-host interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Juan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiaqi Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuzhao He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Donghua Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lingqing Dong
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Wenjian Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Yi S, Yang Y. Melatonin attenuates low shear stress-induced pyroptosis and endothelial cell dysfunction via the RORα/miR-223/STAT-3 signalling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1392. [PMID: 34650640 PMCID: PMC8506941 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells sense changes in blood flow shear stress and affect the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death and has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Melatonin and its nuclear receptor retinoid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) have protective effects on the development of atherosclerosis. To date, whether melatonin can prevent endothelial cell pyroptosis and dysfunction in pathological shear stress remains unclear. In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) were cultured under low shear stress conditions (5 dyne/cm2) for 24 h and treated with or without melatonin (2 µmol/l). The binding sites of the microRNA (miR)-223 promoter and RORα were predicted using the JASPAR website. Expression of pyroptosis-related proteins, including cleaved N-terminal gasdermin D, caspase-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and nitric oxide (NO) were assessed. The results indicated that low shear stress increased pyroptosis and ICAM-1 expression, whereas it decreased NO levels. Melatonin alleviated pyroptosis and ICAM-1 expression and increased the production of NO in ECs. Further assessment revealed that low-level shear stress decreased RORα protein and mRNA expression, whereas melatonin would bind to RORα and thereby promoted miR-223 transcription in ECs. The present study also identified signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) as a potential target gene of miR-223-3p. When transfected with miR-223 inhibitor, ECs up-regulated the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and ICAM-1, and down-regulated NO levels. By contrast, silencing STAT-3 expression diminished the protective effect of miR-223. These results indicated that melatonin prevented ECs from undergoing pyroptosis and alleviated dysfunction via the RORα/miR-223/STAT-3 signalling pathway. This information could aid in the development of novel therapeutic approaches and provide new insights into atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Yi
- The Intensive Care Unit Department, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Neurology Department, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
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Hennigs JK, Matuszcak C, Trepel M, Körbelin J. Vascular Endothelial Cells: Heterogeneity and Targeting Approaches. Cells 2021; 10:2712. [PMID: 34685692 PMCID: PMC8534745 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Forming the inner layer of the vascular system, endothelial cells (ECs) facilitate a multitude of crucial physiological processes throughout the body. Vascular ECs enable the vessel wall passage of nutrients and diffusion of oxygen from the blood into adjacent cellular structures. ECs regulate vascular tone and blood coagulation as well as adhesion and transmigration of circulating cells. The multitude of EC functions is reflected by tremendous cellular diversity. Vascular ECs can form extremely tight barriers, thereby restricting the passage of xenobiotics or immune cell invasion, whereas, in other organ systems, the endothelial layer is fenestrated (e.g., glomeruli in the kidney), or discontinuous (e.g., liver sinusoids) and less dense to allow for rapid molecular exchange. ECs not only differ between organs or vascular systems, they also change along the vascular tree and specialized subpopulations of ECs can be found within the capillaries of a single organ. Molecular tools that enable selective vascular targeting are helpful to experimentally dissect the role of distinct EC populations, to improve molecular imaging and pave the way for novel treatment options for vascular diseases. This review provides an overview of endothelial diversity and highlights the most successful methods for selective targeting of distinct EC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K. Hennigs
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Christiane Matuszcak
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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Bao Q, Meng X, Hu M, Xing J, Jin D, Liu H, Jiang J, Yin Y. Simulation analysis of aneurysm embolization surgery: Hemorheology of aneurysms with different embolization rates (CTA). Biomed Mater Eng 2021; 32:295-308. [PMID: 33998529 DOI: 10.3233/bme-211225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embolization degree acts as an important factor affecting recurrence of aneurysm. OBJECTIVE To analyze the role of hemodynamics parameters of different degrees of embolization in the occurrence, development and post-treatment of aneurysms, and to determine the specific factors causing the occurrence and recurrence of aneurysms after hemodynamics treatment. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of aneurysms. METHODS Computed tomography angiography data of a patient with cerebral aneurysm was used to model 0%, 24%, 52%, 84% and 100% of endovascular embolization, respectively. The time average wall shear stress, time average wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, hemodynamics formation index and relative retentive time were used to analyze the changes of hemodynamics indexes in different embolic models. RESULTS With the increase of embolic rate, the values of time average wall shear stress, time average wall shear stress grade and aneurysm index formation gradually increased, and the values of relative retention time gradually decreased. Oscillatory shear index was higher in patients with incomplete embolization and decreased in patients with complete embolization. CONCLUSIONS As the degree of embolization increased, the blood flow tended to stabilize, reducing the risk of cerebral aneurysm rupture, and finding that the wall of the vessel junction was susceptible to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Bao
- Department of Image, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated with Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Image, No. 3 Hospital Affiliated with Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihaer, China
| | - Mingcheng Hu
- Department of Image, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated with Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jian Xing
- Department of Image, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated with Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Dan Jin
- Department of Image, No. 2 Hospital of Mudanjiang, Mudanjiang, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Image, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated with Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Mudanjiang Forestry Center Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanwei Yin
- Department of Image, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated with Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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Migdalski A, Jawien A. New insight into biology, molecular diagnostics and treatment options of unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1207. [PMID: 34430648 PMCID: PMC8350668 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Indications for intervention in hemodynamically relevant carotid artery stenosis (carotid endarterectomy or stenting) are primarily based on a degree of stenosis and symptomatology. To date the plaque vulnerability is rarely taken into account in clinical decision making although development of molecular imaging allows a better understanding of plaque biology and provides new techniques detecting potentially vulnerable plaque at risk. A significant number of reports describing the mechanisms of unstable plaque formation suggest that it is a multifactorial process. Inflammation, lipid accumulation, apoptosis, proteolysis, the thrombotic process and angiogenesis are among the main factors of carotid plaque destabilization. Although inflammation is a key process in development of plaque vulnerability, the hemostasis and neoangiogenesis should be regarded as equally important. Only a small group of asymptomatic patients may benefit from the invasive treatment and it remains a challenge to determine whether initially asymptomatic carotid plaque become unstable or vulnerable. Currently, the main task of research on atherosclerotic lesion imaging is focused on functional state of the plaque. The presence of one or more features such as stenosis progression, large plaque area, large juxta-luminal black area, plaque echolucency, intra-plaque hemorrhage, impaired cerebral vascular reserve and spontaneous embolization may indicate patients at higher risk for stroke suitable for revascularization. Treatment of carotid stenosis as one of the manifestations of generalized atherosclerosis requires a broad approach. Nowadays pharmacological treatment options for the atherosclerotic process are largely aimed at stimulating the plaque stabilization, but in symptomatic patients and selected asymptomatic patients, carotid plaque should be removed as a potential source of embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Migdalski
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Jawien
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
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Magnussen AL, Mills IG. Vascular normalisation as the stepping stone into tumour microenvironment transformation. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:324-336. [PMID: 33828258 PMCID: PMC8329166 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A functional vascular system is indispensable for drug delivery and fundamental for responsiveness of the tumour microenvironment to such medication. At the same time, the progression of a tumour is defined by the interactions of the cancer cells with their surrounding environment, including neovessels, and the vascular network continues to be the major route for the dissemination of tumour cells in cancer, facilitating metastasis. So how can this apparent conflict be reconciled? Vessel normalisation-in which redundant structures are pruned and the abnormal vasculature is stabilised and remodelled-is generally considered to be beneficial in the course of anti-cancer treatments. A causality between normalised vasculature and improved response to medication and treatment is observed. For this reason, it is important to discern the consequence of vessel normalisation on the tumour microenvironment and to modulate the vasculature advantageously. This article will highlight the challenges of controlled neovascular remodelling and outline how vascular normalisation can shape disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette L Magnussen
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Zimny M, Kawlewska E, Hebda A, Wolański W, Ładziński P, Kaspera W. Wall shear stress gradient is independently associated with middle cerebral artery aneurysm development: a case-control CFD patient-specific study based on 77 patients. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:281. [PMID: 34281533 PMCID: PMC8287678 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously published computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies regarding intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation present conflicting results. Our study analysed the involvement of the combination of high wall shear stress (WSS) and a positive WSS gradient (WSSG) in IA formation. Methods We designed a case-control study with a selection of 38 patients with an unruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm and 39 non-aneurysmal controls to determine the involvement of WSS, oscillatory shear index (OSI), the WSSG and its absolute value (absWSSG) in aneurysm formation based on patient-specific CFD simulations using velocity profiles obtained from transcranial colour-coded sonography. Results Among the analysed parameters, only the WSSG had significantly higher values compared to the controls (11.05 vs − 14.76 [Pa/mm], P = 0.020). The WSS, absWSSG and OSI values were not significantly different between the analysed groups. Logistic regression analysis identified WSS and WSSG as significant co-predictors for MCA aneurysm formation, but only the WSSG turned out to be a significant independent prognosticator (OR: 1.009; 95% CI: 1.001–1.017; P = 0.025). Significantly more patients (23/38) in the case group had haemodynamic regions of high WSS combined with a positive WSSG near the bifurcation apex, while in the control group, high WSS was usually accompanied by a negative WSSG (14/39). From the analysis of the ROC curve for WSSG, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.654, with the optimal cut-off value −0.37 Pa/mm. The largest AUC was recognised for combined WSS and WSSG (AUC = 0.671). Our data confirmed that aneurysms tend to form near the bifurcation apices in regions of high WSS values accompanied by positive WSSG. Conclusions The development of IAs is determined by an independent effect of haemodynamic factors. High WSS impacts MCA aneurysm formation, while a positive WSSG mainly promotes this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Zimny
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, Regional Hospital, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Edyta Kawlewska
- Department of Biomechatronics, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Hebda
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wolański
- Department of Biomechatronics, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Ładziński
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, Regional Hospital, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kaspera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, Regional Hospital, Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Studying dynamic stress effects on the behaviour of THP-1 cells by microfluidic channels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14379. [PMID: 34257375 PMCID: PMC8277795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a long-term disease process of the vascular system that is characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which are inflammatory regions on medium and large-sized arteries. There are many factors contributing to plaque formation, such as changes in shear stress levels, rupture of endothelial cells, accumulation of lipids, and recruitment of leukocytes. Shear stress is one of the main factors that regulates the homeostasis of the circulatory system; therefore, sudden and chronic changes in shear stress may cause severe pathological conditions. In this study, microfluidic channels with cavitations were designed to mimic the shape of the atherosclerotic blood vessel, where the shear stress and pressure difference depend on design of the microchannels. Changes in the inflammatory-related molecules ICAM-1 and IL-8 were investigated in THP-1 cells in response to applied shear stresses in an continuous cycling system through microfluidic channels with periodic cavitations. ICAM-1 mRNA expression and IL-8 release were analyzed by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Additionally, the adhesion behavior of sheared THP-1 cells to endothelial cells was examined by fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that 15 Pa shear stress significantly increases expression of ICAM-1 gene and IL-8 release in THP-1 cells, whereas it decreases the adhesion between THP-1 cells and endothelial cells.
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Kalykakis GE, Antonopoulos AS, Pitsargiotis T, Siogkas P, Exarchos T, Kafouris P, Sakelarios A, Liga R, Tzifa A, Giannopoulos A, Scholte AJHA, Kaufmann PA, Parodi O, Knuuti J, Fotiadis DI, Neglia D, Anagnostopoulos CD. Relationship of Endothelial Shear Stress with Plaque Features with Coronary CT Angiography and Vasodilating Capability with PET. Radiology 2021; 300:549-556. [PMID: 34184936 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021204381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Advances in three-dimensional reconstruction techniques and computational fluid dynamics of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) data sets make feasible evaluation of endothelial shear stress (ESS) in the vessel wall. Purpose To investigate the relationship between CCTA-derived computational fluid dynamics metrics, anatomic and morphologic characteristics of coronary lesions, and their comparative performance in predicting impaired coronary vasodilating capability assessed by using PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, conducted between October 2019 and September 2020, coronary vessels in patients with stable chest pain and with intermediate probability of coronary artery disease who underwent both CCTA and PET MPI with oxygen 15-labeled water or nitrogen 13 ammonia and quantification of myocardial blood flow were analyzed. CCTA images were used in assessing stenosis severity, lesion-specific total plaque volume (PV), noncalcified PV, calcified PV, and plaque phenotype. PET MPI was used in assessing significant coronary stenosis. The predictive performance of the CCTA-derived parameters was evaluated by using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis. Results There were 92 coronary vessels evaluated in 53 patients (mean age, 65 years ± 7; 31 men). ESS was higher in lesions with greater than 50% stenosis versus those without significant stenosis (mean, 15.1 Pa ± 30 vs 4.6 Pa ± 4 vs 3.3 Pa ± 3; P = .004). ESS was higher in functionally significant versus nonsignificant lesions (median, 7 Pa [interquartile range, 5-23 Pa] vs 2.6 Pa [interquartile range, 1.8-5 Pa], respectively; P ≤ .001). Adding ESS to stenosis severity improved prediction (change in AUC, 0.10; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.17; P = .002) for functionally significant lesions. Conclusion The combination of endothelial shear stress with coronary CT angiography (CCTA) stenosis severity improved prediction of an abnormal PET myocardial perfusion imaging result versus CCTA stenosis severity alone. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Kusmirek and Wieben in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios-Eleftherios Kalykakis
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Alexios S Antonopoulos
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Thomas Pitsargiotis
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Panagiotis Siogkas
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Themistoklis Exarchos
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Pavlos Kafouris
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Antonis Sakelarios
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Riccardo Liga
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Aphrodite Tzifa
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Andreas Giannopoulos
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Arthur J H A Scholte
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Philipp A Kaufmann
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Oberdan Parodi
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Dimitrios I Fotiadis
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Danilo Neglia
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
| | - Constantinos D Anagnostopoulos
- From the Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkyra, Greece (G.E.K., T.E.); Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece (G.E.K., T.P., P.K., C.D.A.); CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.S.A.); Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece (T.P.); Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (P.S., D.I.F.); Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (P.K.); Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, Ioannina, Greece (A.S.); Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.L.); Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, England (A.T.); Cardiac Imaging (P.A.K.) Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.G.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands (A.J.H.A.S.); Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P., D.N.); Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy (O.P.); PET Center, University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland (J.K.); Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (D.N.); and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy (D.N.)
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A distributed lumped parameter model of blood flow with fluid-structure interaction. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:1659-1674. [PMID: 34076757 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A distributed lumped parameter (DLP) model of blood flow was recently developed that can be simulated in minutes while still incorporating complex sources of energy dissipation in blood vessels. The aim of this work was to extend the previous DLP modeling framework to include fluid-structure interactions (DLP-FSI). This was done by using a simple compliance term to calculate pressure that does not increase the simulation complexity of the original DLP models. Verification and validation studies found DLP-FSI simulations had good agreement compared to analytical solutions of the wave equations, experimental measurements of pulsatile flow in elastic tubes, and in vivo MRI measurements of thoracic aortic flow. This new development of DLP-FSI allows for significantly improved computational efficiency of FSI simulations compared to FSI approaches that solve the full 3D conservation of mass and momentum equations while also including the complex sources of energy dissipation occurring in cardiovascular flows that other simplified models neglect.
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Papakonstantinou NA, Kanakis MA, Bobos D, Giannopoulos NM. Congenital, acquired, or both? The only two congenitally based, acquired heart diseases. J Card Surg 2021; 36:2850-2856. [PMID: 33908651 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Discrete subaortic stenosis (DSS) is a type of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction whereas double-chambered right ventricle is a form of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Both of these cardiac malformations share lots of similar characteristics which classify them as acquired developmental heart diseases despite their congenital anatomical substrate. Both of them are frequently associated to ventricular septal defects. The initial stimulus in their pathogenetic process is anatomical abnormalities or variations. Subsequently, a hemodynamic process is triggered finally leading to an abnormal subaortic fibroproliferative process with regard to DSS or to hypertrophy of ectopic muscles as far as double-chambered right ventricle is concerned. In many cases, these pathologies are developed secondarily to surgical management of other congenital or acquired heart defects. Moreover, high recurrence rates after initial successful surgical therapy, particularly regarding DSS, have been described. Finally, an interesting coexistence of DSS and double-chambered aortic ventricle has also been reported in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meletios A Kanakis
- Department of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bobos
- Department of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas M Giannopoulos
- Department of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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Li Z, Jiang W, Salerno S, Li Y, Chen Y, Xu Z, Wang G. Acute Hemodynamic Improvement by Thermal Vasodilation inside the Abdominal and Iliac Arterial Segments of Young Sedentary Individuals. J Vasc Res 2021; 58:191-206. [PMID: 33823509 DOI: 10.1159/000514588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the hemodynamic response to lower leg heating intervention (LLHI) inside the abdominal and iliac arterial segments (AIAS) of young sedentary individuals. METHODS A Doppler measurement of blood flow was conducted for 5 young sedentary adults with LLHI. Heating durations of 0, 20, and 40 min were considered. A lumped parameter model (LPM) was used to ascertain the hemodynamic mechanism. The hemodynamics were determined via numerical approaches. RESULTS Ultrasonography revealed that the blood flow waveform shifted upwards under LLHI; in particular, the mean flow increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing heating duration. The LPM showed that its mechanism depends on the reduction in afterload resistance, not on the inertia of blood flow and arterial compliance. The time-averaged wall shear stress, time-averaged production rate of nitric oxide, and helicity in the external iliac arteries increased more significantly than in other segments as the heating duration increased, while the oscillation shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT) in the AIAS declined with increasing heating duration. There was a more obvious helicity response in the bilateral external iliac arteries than the OSI and RRT responses. CONCLUSION LLHI can effectively induce a positive hemodynamic environment in the AIAS of young sedentary individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyou Li
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Stephen Salerno
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
| | - Guanshi Wang
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Hoque MM, Abdelazim H, Jenkins-Houk C, Wright D, Patel BM, Chappell JC. The cerebral microvasculature: Basic and clinical perspectives on stroke and glioma. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12671. [PMID: 33171539 PMCID: PMC11064683 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular networks are vital components of the cardiovascular system, performing many key roles in maintaining the health and homeostasis of the tissues and organs in which they develop. As discussed in this review, the molecular and cellular components within the microcirculation orchestrate critical processes to establish functional capillary beds, including organization of endothelial cell (EC) polarity, guiding investment of vascular pericytes (PCs), and building the specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that comprises the vascular basement membrane (vBM). Herein, we further discuss the unique features of the microvasculature in the central nervous system (CNS), focusing on the cells contributing to the neurovascular unit (NVU) that form and maintain the blood-brain barrier (BBB). With a focus on vascular PCs, we offer basic and clinical perspectives on neurovascular-related pathologies that involve defects within the cerebral microvasculature. Specifically, we present microvascular anomalies associated with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) including defects in vascular-immune cell interactions and associated clinical therapies targeting microvessels (ie, vascular-disrupting/anti-angiogenic agents and focused ultrasound). We also discuss the involvement of the microcirculation in stroke responses and potential therapeutic approaches. Our goal was to compare the cellular and molecular changes that occur in the microvasculature and NVU, and to provide a commentary on factors driving disease progression in GBM and stroke. We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on the importance of microcirculation research in developing clinical treatments for these devastating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruf M. Hoque
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hanaa Abdelazim
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | - Dawn Wright
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Biraj M. Patel
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Department of Radiology, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - John C. Chappell
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Xia L, Zhang B, Sun Y, Chen B, Yu Z. Analysis of Syk/PECAM-1 signaling pathway in low shear stress induced atherosclerosis based on ultrasound imaging. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 201:105953. [PMID: 33571923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Low shear stress (LSS) has been demonstrated to be involved in function of vascular endothelial cells. Here we tested the hypothesis that activation of Syk played an important in LSS-induced atherosclerosis via PECAM-1 signaling pathway. METHODS In vitro, primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with parallel plate flow chamber system for 12h under normal shear stress (NSS, 15dyne/cm2), LSS (5dyne/cm2) and high shear stress (HSS, 25dyne/cm2), respectively, followed by inflammatory response analysis. In vivo, animal models of rat fed atherogenic diet were treated with LSS stimulation by constricting abdominal aorta with a blunted needle (0.6mm in diameter). The spatial distribution of WSS of blood vessels was generated by WSS quantitative analysis software through color Doppler flow imaging with a high-frequency small animal ultrasound system. Small molecule R406, a well-demonstrated Syk inhibitor, was applied to animals as well as HUVEC cells. RESULTS In vivo, comparison with the control group was performed, the mean value of WSS distribution of blood vessels was lower in LSS model rat. LSS promoted expression of phosphorylated PECAM-1 (p-PECAM-1) and Syk in LSS model rats. Compared with control group, endothelial cells of the abdominal aorta become less elongated and more polygonal in LSS group, and had a slender shape in LSS with R406 group. In vitro, LSS increased the expression of p-PECAM-1, Syk and NF-κB in HUVECs. Inhibition of Syk attenuated LSS-induced inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Activation of Syk resulted in LSS-induced inflammatory response via PECAM-1 signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Syk might be involved in morphological changes of ECs under the influence of LSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghua Xia
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bingguan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Ma H, Liu X, Zhang M, Niu J. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are implicated in multiple fibrotic mechanisms. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2803-2815. [PMID: 33730288 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are attributed to liver injury. Development of fibrosis from chronic liver diseases is a dynamic process that involves multiple molecular and cellular processes. As the first to be impacted by injury, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases caused by a variety of etiologies. Moreover, capillarization of LSECs has been recognized as an important event in the development of chronic liver diseases and fibrosis. Studies have reported that various cytokines (such as vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-β), and pathways (such as hedgehog, and Notch), as well as epigenetic and metabolic factors are involved in the development of LSEC-mediated liver fibrosis. This review describes the complexity and plasticity of LSECs in fibrotic liver diseases from several perspectives, including the cross-talk between LSECs and other intra-hepatic cells. Moreover, it summarizes the mechanisms of several kinds of LSECs-targeting anti-fibrosis chemicals, and provides a theoretical basis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Ma
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, NO. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, NO. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, NO. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, NO. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Adams JA, Uryash A, Lopez JR, Sackner MA. The Endothelium as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetes: A Narrative Review and Perspective. Front Physiol 2021; 12:638491. [PMID: 33708143 PMCID: PMC7940370 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.638491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has reached worldwide epidemic proportions, and threatens to be a significant economic burden to both patients and healthcare systems, and an important driver of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Improvement in lifestyle interventions (which includes increase in physical activity via exercise) can reduce diabetes and cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity. Encouraging a population to increase physical activity and exercise is not a simple feat particularly in individuals with co-morbidities (obesity, heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and those with cognitive and physical limitations). Translation of the physiological benefits of exercise within that vulnerable population would be an important step for improving physical activity goals and a stopgap measure to exercise. In large part many of the beneficial effects of exercise are due to the introduction of pulsatile shear stress (PSS) to the vascular endothelium. PSS is a well-known stimulus for endothelial homeostasis, and induction of a myriad of pathways which include vasoreactivity, paracrine/endocrine function, fibrinolysis, inflammation, barrier function, and vessel growth and formation. The endothelial cell mediates the balance between vasoconstriction and relaxation via the major vasodilator endothelial derived nitric oxide (eNO). eNO is critical for vasorelaxation, increasing blood flow, and an important signaling molecule that downregulates the inflammatory cascade. A salient feature of diabetes, is endothelial dysfunction which is characterized by a reduction of the bioavailability of vasodilators, particularly nitric oxide (NO). Cellular derangements in diabetes are also related to dysregulation in Ca2+ handling with increased intracellular Ca2+overload, and oxidative stress. PSS increases eNO bioavailability, reduces inflammatory phenotype, decreases intracellular Ca2+ overload, and increases antioxidant capacity. This narrative review and perspective will outline four methods to non-invasively increase PSS; Exercise (the prototype for increasing PSS), Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP), Whole Body Vibration (WBV), Passive Simulated Jogging and its predicate device Whole Body Periodic Acceleration, and will discuss current knowledge on their use in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Marvin A Sackner
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
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