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Swed S, Alibrahim H, Albakri K, Rais MA, Al-Rassas S, Hafez W, Sawaf B, Almoshantaf MB, Elsayed M, Albazee E, Cheema HA, Hraiz W, Taieb F, Ameen VH, Rakab A, Emran TB, AbdElrahim E, Osman H, Khan Pathan R, Khandaker MU. Evaluating knowledge, practice, and attitude of Syrian population on sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus. HIV Res Clin Pract 2024; 25:2356409. [PMID: 39001878 DOI: 10.1080/25787489.2024.2356409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can cause severe and fatal complications; knowledge about these diseases is essential for promoting safe sex practices and modifying behaviours that are harmful to one's health. This study investigates Syrian people's understanding, attitudes, and behaviors towards HIV/AIDS and STIs, aiming to identify factors promoting safe sex practices and modifying harmful behaviors. METHODS This online cross-sectional study was conducted in Syria between 3 September and 23 November 2022, involving all 18+ individuals. The questionnaire was adapted from a previous study containing 74 questions from five sections: socio-demographic information, knowledge and practice regarding STIs, knowledge and practice regarding HIV/AIDS, attitude towards HIV/AIDS, and attitude regarding STIs and analyzed using descriptive and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The study involved 1073 participants mostly aged between 18-30, with 55.3% females. Over half had good awareness of STIs and HIV/AIDS, with 55% and 63% respectively. Specifically, the overall knowledge level of STI type, signs/symptoms, risks of transmission, preventive methods, and complications for untreated STIs were (45.7%), (52.9%), (58.1%), (66.1%), and (59.6%), respectively. Medical field respondents had higher knowledge of HIV (P-value < 0.05, OR = 2). CONCLUSION Our results show that Syrian people have a knowledge level of STIs and HIV was moderate. However, the attitude toward STIs was negative, as less than half of the participants had a good attitude. It is essential to solve these knowledge gaps, especially in low-income countries such as Syria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarya Swed
- Faculty of medicine Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | - Khaled Albakri
- Faculty of medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | | | | | - Wael Hafez
- NMC Royal Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Division, The National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bisher Sawaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mohamed Elsayed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ebraheem Albazee
- Kuwait Institute for Medical Specializations, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Wehba Hraiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Fatima Taieb
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Amine Rakab
- Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Elrashed AbdElrahim
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Osman
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refat Khan Pathan
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Jain P, Parikh S, Patel P, Shah S, Patel K. Comprehensive insights into herbal P-glycoprotein inhibitors and nanoformulations for improving anti-retroviral therapy efficacy. J Drug Target 2024; 32:884-908. [PMID: 38748868 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2356751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The worldwide HIV cases were 39.0 million (33.1-45.7 million) in 2022. Due to genetic variations, HIV-1 is more easily transmitted than HIV-2 and favours CD4 + T cells and macrophages, producing AIDS. Conventional HIV drug therapy has many drawbacks, including adherence issues leading to resistance, side effects that lower life quality, drug interactions, high costs limiting global access, inability to eliminate viral reservoirs, chronicity requiring lifelong treatment, emerging toxicities, and a focus on managing infections. Conventional dosage forms have bioavailability issues due to intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux, which can reduce anti-retroviral drug efficacy and lead to resistance. Use of phyto-constituents with P-gp regulating actions has great benefits for semi-synthetic modification to create formulations with greater bioavailability and reduced toxicity, which improves drug effectiveness. Lipid-based nanocarriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, polymer-based nanocarriers, and inorganic nanoparticles may inhibit P-gp efflux. Employing potent P-gp inhibitors within nanocarriers as a Trojan horse approach can enhance the intracellular accumulation of anti-retroviral drugs (ARDs), which are substrates for efflux transporters. This technique increases oral bioavailability and offers lower-dose options, boosting HIV patient compliance and lowering costs. Molecular docking of the inhibitor with P-gp may anticipate optimum binding and function, allowing drug efflux to be minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prexa Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shreni Parikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Paresh Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shreeraj Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kaushika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, India
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Pokhrel D, Lang SG, Elder H, John B, Roosevelt KA, Klevens M, Randall LM, DeMaria A. Predictors of HIV Care Outcomes among Recently Out-of-Care Individuals in The Massachusetts Cooperative Re-engagement Controlled Trial Cohort. AIDS Behav 2024:10.1007/s10461-024-04457-1. [PMID: 39172186 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
A cohort of individuals in care for HIV infection who were identified as being recently out-of-care (OOC) was recruited for a trial using a data-to-care approach and an intervention to facilitate re-engagement and retention in care. This allowed for analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics correlated with recently being OOC, re-engagement, and successful retention in care and viral suppression. Recently OOC persons with HIV infection (PWH) were identified for enrollment in the Cooperative Re-engagement Controlled Trial (CoRECT). CoRECT employed a data-to-care strategy, using both clinical and surveillance data, and an active public health re-engagement intervention. We estimated relative risks (RRs), unadjusted and with multivariate log binomial regression models, to analyze associations between sociodemographic and clinical predictors of being OOC, re-engagement, retention in care, and viral suppression. Of the 630 OOC PWH enrolled in CoRECT, most were male (72.7%) and over 30 years old (91.3%). Almost 40.0% were Black non-Hispanic, 29.7% were non-US born, and 41.6% were men who have sex with men (MSM). Possible predictors of re-engagement, retention in care, and viral suppression included younger age, Hispanic race/ethnicity, birth in a US dependency, AIDS status, and HIV exposure mode. Viral suppression status within 1-year pre-enrollment was significantly associated with all outcomes: re-engagement (aRR 1.28), retention (aRR 1.72), viral suppression (aRR 1.81), and durable viral suppression (aRR 3.30). Findings elucidate factors associated with care engagement and continuity for recently OOC PWH which can be used to inform targeted re-engagement activities for priority populations and guide future data-to-care interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Pokhrel
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Simona G Lang
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather Elder
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Betsey John
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Roosevelt
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monina Klevens
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liisa M Randall
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alfred DeMaria
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Manu E, Sumankuuro J, Douglas M, Aku FY, Adoma PO, Kye-Duodu G. Client-reported challenges and opportunities for improved antiretroviral therapy services uptake at a secondary health facility in Ghana. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35788. [PMID: 39170237 PMCID: PMC11337046 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in African countries, including Ghana, are often faced with the challenge of treatment default. To maximize ART utilization and efficiency among people living with HIV (PLHIV), it is pertinent to ensure that ART-related challenges that clients encounter are identified and addressed holistically. A phenomenological qualitative study of thirty participants recruited through the purposive sampling technique was conducted using in-depth interviews from June to July 2021. Independent coding was done using Atlas ti. Sub-themes were developed from the codes, using the most expressive phrases, and grouped under two broad themes, challenges, and opportunities to maximise ART uptake. Ten different challenges, grouped into the health system and individual constraints were reported. Health system constraints included stigmatisation and discrimination by healthcare workers, queuing outside while waiting to be served, long waiting periods, non-communication of laboratory test results to clients, lack of proper education on side effects associated with ART, and language barrier. Individual constraints included financial constraints, perceived non-improvement in health outcomes, food insecurity, and forgetfulness. Opportunities identified for improved ART uptake were assuring ART clients of improved health outcomes, leveraging the good rapport between ART clients and healthcare providers, leveraging the better counselling services offered to PLHIV at the ART clinic, provision of varied ART treatment regimens to clients, routine communication of laboratory test results to clients, and leveraging clients' satisfaction with ART services at ART clinic. We recommend health system reforms targeting healthcare service delivery to PLHIV to encourage linkage, continuity, and retention in care and augmenting ART regimes with financial and nutritional support while encouraging status disclosure to a trusted family member.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Manu
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Joshua Sumankuuro
- Department of Public Policy and Management, S.D Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies, Ghana
- School of Community Health, Charles Stuart University, NSW, Australia
| | - Mbuyiselo Douglas
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag X1, Mthatha, 5117, South Africa
| | - Fortress Yayra Aku
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Prince Owusu Adoma
- Department of Health Administration and Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
| | - Gideon Kye-Duodu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
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Mahashabde ML, Bhimani YR, Bhavsar HM, Sriram J. A Rare Modality of Concurrent Cryptococcal and Tubercular Meningitis in a Patient Living With HIV. Cureus 2024; 16:e66032. [PMID: 39221366 PMCID: PMC11366418 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and a low CD4 count have decreased humoral and cellular immunity, predisposing them to opportunistic infections. Opportunistic infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals due to impaired immune systems, particularly in persons living with HIV/AIDS. Common opportunistic infections in patients living with HIV include bacterial infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC); viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1); fungal infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and cryptococcal meningitis; and parasitic infections such as cryptosporidiosis and toxoplasmosis. Concurrent infection with cryptococcal and tubercular meningitis in patients with HIV is very rare. Here, we present the case of a 48-year-old male living with HIV who presented with complaints of breathlessness, fever, and weight loss and was evaluated and put on antitubercular medications for pulmonary tuberculosis. However, the presence of a continuous headache led us to investigate further. Upon brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid evaluation, it was determined to be meningitis due to co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cryptococcus neoformans. The patient was treated with antitubercular therapy along with antifungal therapy. He is under regular follow-up without any further events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika L Mahashabde
- General Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - Yash R Bhimani
- General Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - Harin M Bhavsar
- General Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - Jugal Sriram
- General Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
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Feng Q, Li Q, Zhou H, Wang Z, Lin C, Jiang Z, Liu T, Wang D. CRISPR technology in human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e672. [PMID: 39081515 PMCID: PMC11286548 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene editing is a growing gene engineering technique that allows accurate editing of a broad spectrum of gene-regulated diseases to achieve curative treatment and also has the potential to be used as an adjunct to the conventional treatment of diseases. Gene editing technology, mainly based on clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein systems, which is capable of generating genetic modifications in somatic cells, provides a promising new strategy for gene therapy for a wide range of human diseases. Currently, gene editing technology shows great application prospects in a variety of human diseases, not only in therapeutic potential but also in the construction of animal models of human diseases. This paper describes the application of gene editing technology in hematological diseases, solid tumors, immune disorders, ophthalmological diseases, and metabolic diseases; focuses on the therapeutic strategies of gene editing technology in sickle cell disease; provides an overview of the role of gene editing technology in the construction of animal models of human diseases; and discusses the limitations of gene editing technology in the treatment of diseases, which is intended to provide an important reference for the applications of gene editing technology in the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Research and Development CentreBaicheng Medical CollegeBaichengChina
| | - Qirong Li
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hengzong Zhou
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhan Wang
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJilin Business and Technology CollegeChangchunChina
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Tianjia Liu
- Research and Development CentreBaicheng Medical CollegeBaichengChina
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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7
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Sun L, Chen B, Liu X, Zhu Y, Zhang G, Liang X, Xing L, Xu W, Jiang S, Wang X. Alpaca-derived nanobody targeting the hydrophobic pocket of the HIV-1 gp41 NHR broadly neutralizes HIV-1 by blocking six-helix bundle formation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2024; 7:100263. [PMID: 39176008 PMCID: PMC11339056 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved hydrophobic pocket region of HIV-1 gp41 NHR triple-stranded coiled coil is crucial for the binding of CHR to NHR to form a six-helix bundle (6-HB). This pocket is only exposed instantaneously during fusion, making it an ideal target for antibody drug design. However, IgG molecule is too big to enter the pocket during the fusion process. Therefore, to overcome the steric hindrance and kinetic obstacles caused by the formation of gp41 pre-hairpin fusion intermediate, we obtained nanobodies (Nbs) targeting NHR by immunizing alpaca with an NHR-trimer mimic. Specifically, we identified a Nb, Nb-172, that exhibited potent and broadly neutralizing activity against HIV-1 pseudoviruses, HIV-1 primary isolates, and T20-resistant HIV-1 strains. In addition, the combinatorial use of mD1.22 and Nb-172 exhibited synergism in inhibiting HIV-1 infection inactivating cell-free virions. Nb-172 can competitively bind to the hydrophobic pocket of gp41 NHR to inhibit 6-HB formation. These findings suggest that Nb-172 merits further investigation as a potential therapeutic for HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Chengdu NBbiolab. CO., LTD, SME Incubation Park, 319 Qingpi Avenue, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianbo Liu
- Chengdu NBbiolab. CO., LTD, SME Incubation Park, 319 Qingpi Avenue, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxu Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxing Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixiao Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Stauffer WT, Goodman AZ, Gallay PA. Cyclophilin inhibition as a strategy for the treatment of human disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1417945. [PMID: 39045055 PMCID: PMC11264201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1417945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps), characterized as peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases), are highly conserved and ubiquitous, playing a crucial role in protein folding and cellular signaling. This review summarizes the biochemical pathways mediated by Cyps, including their involvement in pathological states such as viral replication, inflammation, and cancer progression, to underscore the therapeutic potential of Cyp inhibition. The exploration of Cyp inhibitors (CypI) in this review, particularly non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine A (CsA) derivatives, highlights their significance as therapeutic agents. The structural and functional nuances of CsA derivatives are examined, including their efficacy, mechanism of action, and the balance between therapeutic benefits and off-target effects. The landscape of CypI is evaluated to emphasize the clinical need for targeted approaches to exploit the complex biology of Cyps and to propose future directions for research that may enhance the utility of non-immunosuppressive CsA derivatives in treating diseases where Cyps play a key pathological role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe A. Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Cai G, Liu Y, Zhuang J, Chen Z, Lu Y, Wu J, Hu Z, Zhang J, He F. Differences in socio-demographics status, risk behaviours, healthcare uptake and HIV/ sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between brothel-based and street-based female sex workers in Yunnan, China. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:584-592. [PMID: 38507707 DOI: 10.1177/09564624241239480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterosexual contact is the primary mode of HIV transmission in China and commercial sex is thought to play a crucial role in China's epidemic. Female sex workers (FSWs) in China tend to be either brothel-based (BSWs) or street-based (SSWs), but few studies have investigated the differences between these important segments of this difficult-to-reach, high-risk population. Our aim was to explore the differences between SSWs and BSWs in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, sexual and risky practices, HIV/STI-related knowledge, health services, HIV/STI prevalence and other aspects. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yunnan Province of China in partnership with a local FSW-friendly non-governmental organization. Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, sex work history, sexual behaviours, HIV/STI-related knowledge, HIV testing history, and healthcare services uptake. Blood samples were taken for HIV and syphilis testing, and urine samples for gonorrhea and chlamydia testing. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate differences between SSWs and BSWs. RESULTS A total of 185 BSWs and 129 SSWs were included in the study. SSWs were older and less educated, had more dependents and more clients, lower condom use and accessed fewer healthcare services. Moreover, 37.2% of SSWs and 24.9% of BSWs were found to have HIV/STI infection. Unfortunately, the awareness related to STIs was relatively low in both groups, especially SSWs. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that confirms the disproportionately high vulnerability of SSWs to HIV and other STIs, underscoring the urgent need for the Chinese health and public health sectors to prioritize outreach to SSWs. Awareness and educational programs, condom distribution, testing and health check-ups should be included in a comprehensive strategy for HIV/STI prevention in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxi Cai
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Environment and Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yufen Liu
- National Centre for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Jinman Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Digital Institute of Tumor Big Data, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zishan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Digital Institute of Tumor Big Data, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yixiao Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiwen Wu
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Digital Institute of Tumor Big Data, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of the Child-Adolescent and Maternal Care of Faculty of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Digital Institute of Tumor Big Data, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Peng T, Jin X, Xiong C, Juan H, Juhai C, Longhang W, Wang Y. Prevalence of sarcopenia and association with HIV infection in China elderly: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38532. [PMID: 38941377 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This article aims to analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia among the elderly in Guizhou Province, China, and its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This cross-sectional study included 377 patients aged 60 and above in Guiyang Public Health Treatment Center from December 2022 to October 2023, including 231 patients in the community clinic and 146 HIV-infected individuals. According to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 Consensus to diagnose sarcopenia. Logistic regression was used to explore association between sarcopenia and HIV, and stratified by sex and age group. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the non-HIV infection elderly in Guizhou Province was 7.8% (21.3% in males and 5.5% in females), and the prevalence of sarcopenia in HIV-infected individuals was 29.5% (33.3% in males and 13.2% in females), with a statistically significant difference between HIV groups (χ2 = 30.946, P < .001). After control of gender, age, body mass index, body fat percentage, hypertension, diabetes, taking statins, smoking status, medium to high-intensity physical activity, whether childhood poverty, and parents died young, HIV infection was significantly associated with sarcopenia in the elderly (odds ratio = 4.635, 95% confidence interval = 1.920-11.188, P = .001). The results of stratified regression were similar to the main results. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly population in China was severe. HIV infection was a risk factor for sarcopenia. It is urgent to establish a prevention and treatment system for sarcopenia in the elderly population, especially for elderly HIV-infected male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiecheng Peng
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Guiyang Public Health Treatment Center, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chen Xiong
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - He Juan
- Department of Cardiology, Guiyang Public Health Treatment Center, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chen Juhai
- Department of Cardiology, Guiyang Public Health Treatment Center, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wang Longhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guiyang Public Health Treatment Center, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guiyang Public Health Treatment Center, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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11
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Wang C, Zhang W, Xu L, Tu J, Su S, Li Q, Zhang T, Zheng L, Wang H, Zhuang X, Tang X, Yuan Y, Meng G, Lu L, Xiao J, Wang Q, Jiang S. Discovery of a Double-Stapled Short Peptide as a Long-Acting HIV-1 Inactivator with Potential for Oral Bioavailability. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9991-10004. [PMID: 38888038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Different from most antiretroviral drugs that act as passive defenders to inhibit HIV-1 replication inside the host cell, virus inactivators can attack and inactivate HIV-1 virions without relying on their replication cycle. Herein, we describe the discovery of a hydrocarbon double-stapled helix peptide, termed D26. D26 is based on the HIV-1 gp41 protein lentiviral lytic peptide-3 motif (LLP3) sequence, which can efficiently inhibit HIV-1 infection and inactivate cell-free HIV-1 virions. It was noted that D26 was highly resistant to proteolytic degradation and exhibited a remarkably extended in vivo elimination half-life. Additionally, relative to its linear, nonstapled version, D26 exhibited much higher exposure in sanctuary sites for HIV-1. Amazingly, this lead compound also demonstrated detectable oral absorption. Thus, it can be concluded that D26 is a promising candidate for further development as a long-acting, orally applicable HIV-1 inactivator for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiahuang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shan Su
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Longbo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery of the Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Chengdu Sintanovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Chengdu Sintanovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Guangpeng Meng
- Chengdu Sintanovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junhai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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El-Daly MM, Zaher KA, Zaki EA, Bajrai LH, Alhazmi MM, Abdulhaq A, Azhar EI. Immunological and molecular assessment of HIV-1 mutations for antiretroviral drug resistance in Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304408. [PMID: 38923958 PMCID: PMC11207162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a significant threat to public health. HIV genotyping and antiretroviral resistance testing may have contributed to improved non-treated management. Immune markers might assist HIV-1 diagnosis and drug-resistant variant identification. HIV-1 immunogenicity and molecular characteristics of antiretroviral drug resistance are evaluated in 56 treatment-naive HIV patients. DNA sequencing and retroviral resistance testing identified HIV-1 genotypes. 55.4% of patients were susceptible to protease inhibitors (PI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) antiretroviral drugs, whereas 44.6% had drug-resistance mutations against at least one antiretroviral drug. 3.6% of cases had PI-resistant mutations, while 30.4% had NRTI-resistant mutations, and 30.4% had NNRTI-resistant mutations. In patients who are susceptible to PI, the mean value of human plasma sCD80 is 2.11 ± 0.65 ng/mL; in patients with mutations, it is 3.93 ± 2.91 ng/mL. Individuals who are susceptible to PI have plasma sCD27 levels of 78.7 ± 63.2 U/mL, whereas individuals who are mutant have levels of 56.5 ± 32.1 U/mL. IP-10's mean value was 363 ± 109.2 pg/mL for the susceptible patients and 429 ± 20.7 pg/mL for the mutated patients. In susceptible patients, the plasma sCD4 level is 0.163 ± 0.229 ng/mL; in mutant patients, it is 0.084 ± 0.012 ng/mL. The data showed a relative relation between immunological parameters such as sCD80, sCD27, sCD4, and IP-10 and mutation for drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M. El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kawther A. Zaher
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eitezaz A. Zaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virology, Jeddah Regional Lab, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena H. Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Alhazmi
- FACP, Arab Board of Internal Medicine, Saudi Board of Internal Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdulhaq
- Deanship of Scientific Affairs and Research, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Coldbeck-Shackley RC, Adamson PJ, Whybrow D, Selway CA, Papanicolas LE, Turra M, Leong LEX. Direct whole-genome sequencing of HIV-1 for clinical drug-resistance analysis and public health surveillance. J Clin Virol 2024; 174:105709. [PMID: 38924832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a significant global health threat partly due to its ability to develop resistance to anti-retroviral therapies. HIV-1 genotype and drug resistance analysis of the polymerase (pol) sequence is a mainstay of its clinical and public health management. However, as new treatments and resistances evolve, analysis methods must change accordingly. In this study, we outline the development and implementation of a direct whole-genome sequencing approach (dWGS) using probe-capture target-enrichment for HIV-1 genotype and drug resistance analysis. METHODS We implemented dWGS and performed parallel pol Sanger sequencing for clinical samples, followed by comparative genotype and drug-resistance analysis. These HIV-1 WGS sequences were also utilised for a novel partitioned phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Optimised nucleic acid extraction and DNAse I treatment significantly increased HIV-1 whole-genome coverage and depth, and improved recovery of high-quality genomes from low viral load clinical samples, enabling routine sequencing of viral loads as low as 1000 copies/mL. Overall, dWGS was robust, accurate and more sensitive for detecting low-frequency variants at drug-resistance sites compared to Sanger sequencing. Analysis of multiple sequence regions improved phylogenetic reconstruction for recombinant HIV-1 sequences compared to analysis of pol sequence alone. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate dWGS enhances HIV-1 drug-resistance analysis by quantitative variant detection and improves reconstruction of HIV-1 phylogenies compared to traditional pol sequencing. This work supports that HIV-1 dWGS is a viable option to replace Sanger sequencing for clinical and public health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Penelope J Adamson
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000 Australia
| | - Daryn Whybrow
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000 Australia
| | - Caitlin A Selway
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000 Australia
| | - Lito E Papanicolas
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000 Australia
| | - Mark Turra
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000 Australia
| | - Lex E X Leong
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000 Australia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000 Australia
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14
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Symmonds J, Gaufin T, Xu C, Raehtz KD, Ribeiro RM, Pandrea I, Apetrei C. Making a Monkey out of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenesis: Immune Cell Depletion Experiments as a Tool to Understand the Immune Correlates of Protection and Pathogenicity in HIV Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:972. [PMID: 38932264 PMCID: PMC11209256 DOI: 10.3390/v16060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis is critical for designing successful HIV vaccines and cure strategies. However, achieving this goal is complicated by the virus's direct interactions with immune cells, the induction of persistent reservoirs in the immune system cells, and multiple strategies developed by the virus for immune evasion. Meanwhile, HIV and SIV infections induce a pandysfunction of the immune cell populations, making it difficult to untangle the various concurrent mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis. Over the years, one of the most successful approaches for dissecting the immune correlates of protection in HIV/SIV infection has been the in vivo depletion of various immune cell populations and assessment of the impact of these depletions on the outcome of infection in non-human primate models. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the strategies and results of manipulating SIV pathogenesis through in vivo depletions of key immune cells populations. Although each of these methods has its limitations, they have all contributed to our understanding of key pathogenic pathways in HIV/SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen Symmonds
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Thaidra Gaufin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
| | - Cuiling Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kevin D. Raehtz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ruy M. Ribeiro
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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15
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Li Y, Yang L, Yang LQ. Effects of intrinsically disordered regions in gp120 underlying HIV neutralization phenotypes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 709:149830. [PMID: 38547606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
HIV envelope protein gp120 is considered a primary molecular determinant of viral neutralization phenotype due to its critical role in viral entry and immune evasion. The intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in gp120 are responsible for their extensive sequence variations and significant structural rearrangements. Despite HIV neutralization phenotype and sequence/structural information of gp120 have been experimentally characterized, there remains a gap in our understanding of the correlation between the viral phenotype and IDRs in gp120. Here, we combined machine learning (ML) techniques and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to gain data-driven and molecule-mechanism insights into relationships between viral sequence, structure, and phenotypes from the perspective of IDRs in gp120. ML models, trained only on the length and disorder score of IDRs, achieved equivalent performance to the best baseline model using amino acid sequences to discriminate HIV neutralization phenotype, indicating that the lengths or disorder of specific IDRs are strongly related to HIV neutralization phenotypes. Comparative MD analysis reveals that gp120 with extreme neutralization phenotypes in multiple conformational states, especially some IDRs, exhibit significantly distinct structural dynamics, conformational flexibility, and thermodynamic distributions. Taken together, our study provided insights into the role of IDRs in gp120 responding to HIV neutralization phenotypes, which will advance the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying viral function associated with HIV neutralization phenotype and help develop antiviral vaccines or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Li-Quan Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, China; Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Education of Yunnan Province, Dali University, Dali, China.
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16
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Sussman C, Liberatore RA, Drozdz MM. Delivery of DNA-Based Therapeutics for Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:535. [PMID: 38675196 PMCID: PMC11053842 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy and its role in the medical field have evolved drastically in recent decades. Studies aim to define DNA-based medicine as well as encourage innovation and the further development of novel approaches. Gene therapy has been established as an alternative approach to treat a variety of diseases. Its range of mechanistic applicability is wide; gene therapy has the capacity to address the symptoms of disease, the body's ability to fight disease, and in some cases has the ability to cure disease, making it a more attractive intervention than some traditional approaches to treatment (i.e., medicine and surgery). Such versatility also suggests gene therapy has the potential to address a greater number of indications than conventional treatments. Many DNA-based therapies have shown promise in clinical trials, and several have been approved for use in humans. Whereas current treatment regimens for chronic disease often require frequent dosing, DNA-based therapies can produce robust and durable expression of therapeutic genes with fewer treatments. This benefit encourages the application of DNA-based gene therapy to manage chronic diseases, an area where improving efficiency of current treatments is urgent. Here, we provide an overview of two DNA-based gene therapies as well as their delivery methods: adeno associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy and plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based gene therapy. We will focus on how these therapies have already been utilized to improve treatment of chronic disease, as well as how current literature supports the expansion of these therapies to treat additional chronic indications in the future.
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17
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Zhang Y, Liu M, Han J, Tian X, Xin Y. Beyond the Burden: A Qualitative Inquiry into the Experiences of Chinese Informal Caregivers for People Living with HIV or AIDS. Patient Prefer Adherence 2024; 18:677-685. [PMID: 38505188 PMCID: PMC10949991 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s454590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Informal caregivers are defined as families or close friends of patients, which take considerable responsibilities for providing care to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Although there have been a number of studies in caregiver of PLWHA, research studies that sought to quantify the effects of informal caregiving for the caregivers failed to successfully provide empirical understanding of the nature of caregiving experience. Therefore, this study adopted a qualitative approach to explore the experiences and feelings of caregivers of PLWHA during the long-term care process. Methods The qualitative study was conducted in August 2023 in Beijing, China. Data were collected through individual in-depth semi-structured interviews with informal caregivers of PLWHA. Theme analysis was used to identify themes from the interview transcripts. Results A total of 21 participants were recruited into our study, 16 were family members of PLWAHA, and 5 were homosexual lover or close friend of PLWHA. Three major themes and ten sub themes were identified by thematic analysis: (1) care burden experience (including 5 sub-themes: negative emotional experience, psychological burden, economic burden, physical health loss and limitation of social interaction); (2) benefit findings from care (including 3 sub-theme: positive emotional experience, perceived social support, health promotion); (3) Demands for caregiving capacity (including 2 sub-theme: inadequate caregiving capacity and inadequate psychological comfort capacity). Conclusion This qualitative study provides a comprehensive exploration of the experiences faced by informal caregivers of PLWHA in China, uncovering the complex spectrum of psychological, physical, social, and economic challenges inherent in their caregiving roles, while predominantly challenging, caregivers also reported personal growth, increased social support, and emotional fulfillment. The research results could help in developing effective interventions to reduce the caregiver burden and improve their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Beijing Home of Red Ribbon, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Tian
- Administrative office of hospital, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youqing Xin
- Administrative Office of Hospital, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Zhang RH, Chen GQ, Wang W, Wang YC, Zhang WL, Chen T, Xiong QQ, Zhao YL, Liao SG, Li YJ, Yan GY, Zhou M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives as novel HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9020-9031. [PMID: 38500630 PMCID: PMC10945512 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrase plays an important role in the life cycle of HIV-1, and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) can effectively impair the viral replication. However, drug resistance mutations have been confirmed to decrease the efficacy of INSTI during the antiviral therapy. Herein, indole-2-carboxylic acid (1) was found to inhibit the strand transfer of integrase, and the indole nucleus of compound 1 was observed to chelate with two Mg2+ ions within the active site of integrase. Through optimization of compound 1, a series of indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized, and compound 17a was proved to markedly inhibit the effect of integrase, with IC50 value of 3.11 μM. Binding mode analysis of 17a demonstrated that the introduced C6 halogenated benzene ring could effectively bind with the viral DNA (dC20) through π-π stacking interaction. These results indicated that indole-2-carboxylic acid is a promising scaffold for the development of integrase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 P. R. China
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 P. R. China
| | - Weilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Yu-Chan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 P. R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 P. R. China
| | - Yong-Long Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 P. R. China
| | - Shang-Gao Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Yi Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453000 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 P. R. China
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19
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Zhang Y, Guo W, Zhan Z, Bai O. Carcinogenic mechanisms of virus-associated lymphoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361009. [PMID: 38482011 PMCID: PMC10932979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of lymphoma is a complex multistep process that integrates numerous experimental findings and clinical data that have not yet yielded a definitive explanation. Studies of oncogenic viruses can help to deepen insight into the pathogenesis of lymphoma, and identifying associations between lymphoma and viruses that are established and unidentified should lead to cellular and pharmacologically targeted antiviral strategies for treating malignant lymphoma. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of lymphomas associated with hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr, and human immunodeficiency viruses as well as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus to clarify the current status of basic information and recent advances in the development of virus-associated lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ou Bai
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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20
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Krause C, Bergmann E, Schmidt SV. Epigenetic modulation of myeloid cell functions in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:342. [PMID: 38400997 PMCID: PMC10894183 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid cells play a vital role in innate immune responses as they recognize and phagocytose pathogens like viruses, present antigens, produce cytokines, recruit other immune cells to combat infections, and contribute to the attenuation of immune responses to restore homeostasis. Signal integration by pathogen recognition receptors enables myeloid cells to adapt their functions by a network of transcription factors and chromatin remodelers. This review provides a brief overview of the subtypes of myeloid cells and the main epigenetic regulation mechanisms. Special focus is placed on the epigenomic alterations in viral nucleic acids of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 along with the epigenetic changes in the host's myeloid cell compartment. These changes are important as they lead to immune suppression and promote the progression of the disease. Finally, we highlight some promising examples of 'epidrugs' that modulate the epigenome of immune cells and could be used as therapeutics for viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Krause
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Eva Bergmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Viktoria Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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Kyser AJ, Fotouh B, Mahmoud MY, Frieboes HB. Rising role of 3D-printing in delivery of therapeutics for infectious disease. J Control Release 2024; 366:349-365. [PMID: 38182058 PMCID: PMC10923108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Modern drug delivery to tackle infectious disease has drawn close to personalizing medicine for specific patient populations. Challenges include antibiotic-resistant infections, healthcare associated infections, and customizing treatments for local patient populations. Recently, 3D-printing has become a facilitator for the development of personalized pharmaceutic drug delivery systems. With a variety of manufacturing techniques, 3D-printing offers advantages in drug delivery development for controlled, fine-tuned release and platforms for different routes of administration. This review summarizes 3D-printing techniques in pharmaceutics and drug delivery focusing on treating infectious diseases, and discusses the influence of 3D-printing design considerations on drug delivery platforms targeting these diseases. Additionally, applications of 3D-printing in infectious diseases are summarized, with the goal to provide insight into how future delivery innovations may benefit from 3D-printing to address the global challenges in infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Kyser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Bassam Fotouh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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22
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Mu W, Patankar V, Kitchen S, Zhen A. Examining Chronic Inflammation, Immune Metabolism, and T Cell Dysfunction in HIV Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:219. [PMID: 38399994 PMCID: PMC10893210 DOI: 10.3390/v16020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a significant challenge to global public health. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), which has transformed HIV infection from a fatal disease into a manageable chronic condition, a definitive cure remains elusive. One of the key features of HIV infection is chronic immune activation and inflammation, which are strongly associated with, and predictive of, HIV disease progression, even in patients successfully treated with suppressive ART. Chronic inflammation is characterized by persistent inflammation, immune cell metabolic dysregulation, and cellular exhaustion and dysfunction. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the interplay between chronic inflammation, immune metabolism, and T cell dysfunction in HIV infection, and also discusses the use of humanized mice models to study HIV immune pathogenesis and develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Mu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vaibhavi Patankar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott Kitchen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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23
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Ratto A, Honek JF. Oxocarbon Acids and their Derivatives in Biological and Medicinal Chemistry. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1172-1213. [PMID: 36915986 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230313141452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The biological and medicinal chemistry of the oxocarbon acids 2,3- dihydroxycycloprop-2-en-1-one (deltic acid), 3,4-dihydroxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione (squaric acid), 4,5-dihydroxy-4-cyclopentene-1,2,3-trione (croconic acid), 5,6-dihydroxycyclohex- 5-ene-1,2,3,4-tetrone (rhodizonic acid) and their derivatives is reviewed and their key chemical properties and reactions are discussed. Applications of these compounds as potential bioisosteres in biological and medicinal chemistry are examined. Reviewed areas include cell imaging, bioconjugation reactions, antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, enzyme inhibition, and receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ratto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John F Honek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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24
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La Fazia VM, Pierucci N, Mohanty S, Gianni C, Della Rocca DG, Compagnucci P, MacDonald B, Mayedo A, Torlapati PG, Bassiouny M, Gallinghouse GJ, Burkhardt JD, Horton R, Al-Ahmad A, Di Biase L, Natale A. Catheter ablation approach and outcome in HIV+ patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2023; 34:2527-2534. [PMID: 37746923 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Earlier studies have shown a clear association between severity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and incident atrial fibrillation (AF). We present the long-term outcome of catheter ablation (CA) and electrophysiological characteristics in HIV+ AF patients. METHODS This study evaluated 1438 consecutive AF patients [31 (2.15%) with HIV and 1407 (97.8%) without HIV diagnosis] undergoing their first CA at our center. A total of 31 HIV patients and 31 controls were generated by propensity matching, based on calculated risk factor scores, using a logistic model. During first procedure, all received isolation of pulmonary vein (PV) + posterior wall and superior vena cava. Non-PV triggers, defined as ectopic triggers originating from sites other than PVs, were identified at the redo ablation with high-dose isoproterenol challenge. RESULTS Clinical characteristics were not different between the groups. When compared to the control, by the end of 5 years after the first procedure, recurrence was significantly greater in HIV group [100% vs. 54%, p < .001]. Among patients that underwent redo ablation non-PV triggers were higher in HIV group [93.5% vs. 54%, p < .001], and most frequently originated from the coronary sinus [67.7% vs. 45.2%, p < .001] and left atrial appendage [41.9% vs. 25.8%, p < .001]. After focal ablation of non-PV trigger, no difference in arrhythmia recurrence between two groups [80.6% vs. 87.1%, p = .753] at 1-year follow up was found. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that non-PV triggers are highly prevalent in HIV+ AF patients resulting in higher rate of the mid- and long-term arrhythmia recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mirco La Fazia
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Pierucci
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sanghamitra Mohanty
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Carola Gianni
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Domenico Giovanni Della Rocca
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo Compagnucci
- Cardiology & Arrhythmology Clinic, University Hospital "Ospedali Riuniti,", Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Bryan MacDonald
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Angel Mayedo
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Prem Geeta Torlapati
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mohamed Bassiouny
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Gerald Joseph Gallinghouse
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - John D Burkhardt
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rodney Horton
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Amin Al-Ahmad
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Luigi Di Biase
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Electrophysiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Natale
- Department of Electrophysiology, St David's Medical Center, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Electrophysiology, Interventional Electrophysiology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Electrophysiology, Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Long H, Liu L, Dai L, Cao W, Liu J, Liu M. Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors Among People With HIV: A Large-Sample Cross-Sectional Study in China. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1592-1599. [PMID: 37565503 PMCID: PMC10681864 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the prevalence and exacerbating factors of intimate partner violence in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) in China, we conducted a cross-sectional study, involving 2792 PWH in 4 provinces in China from 1 September 2020 to 1 June 2021. The categories of intimate partner violence (IPV) included physical violence, sexual violence, emotional abuse, and controlling behavior. The severity of a violent act was divided into mild, moderate, and severe. Among PWH, the prevalence of IPV was 15.4% (95% confidence interval, 14.1%-16.8%). The severity of physical violence was mainly moderate, and the severity of sexual violence, emotional abuse, and controlling behavior was mainly mild. The prevalence of IPV in men was higher than that in women. Results from the multivariable logistic regression showed that age, ethnic, registered residence, education, and duration of HIV antiretroviral therapy were factors related to IPV in PWH (P < .05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Long
- Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center, Guizhou, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Shangqiu Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Henan, China
| | - Lili Dai
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanxian Cao
- Hefei Infectious Disease Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Loghin II, Vâță A, Miftode EG, Cobaschi M, Rusu ȘA, Silvaș G, Frăsinariu OE, Dorobăț CM. Characteristics of Tuberculous Meningitis in HIV-Positive Patients from Northeast Romania. Clin Pract 2023; 13:1488-1500. [PMID: 38131680 PMCID: PMC10742667 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13060131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES One of the most severe forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is tuberculous meningitis (TBM), which is linked to significant morbidity and high mortality. It is well recognized that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive people are more likely to develop EPTB, including TBM, especially if they have severe immunodeficiencies. We aim to highlight the profile and the characteristics of TBM in HIV-infected patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective clinical study based on hospital medical records of patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and TBM in Northeast Romania, hospitalized at "St. Parascheva" Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Iasi from 1 January 2010 to 1 December 2022. RESULTS From a total number of 1692 patients on record in our center, 195 had a HIV-tuberculosis (TB) coinfection, and 19 cases were HIV-TBM coinfected. Six cases were newly HIV-diagnosed late presenters, and thirteen patients' names were already found in the center's records with deficient immunological viral status (median CD4 lymphocyte level 47/mm3). The average age in the study group was 27 years old. The clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) variables were typical in most cases, despite the severe immunodepression of the patients. The Thwaites scoring system correctly identified 89.5% of the patients. The median admission period was 18 days; the lethality rate was 31.6%, despite access to ART and anti-TB drugs, and was associated with a more severe immunosuppression. No rifampicin resistance was detected. CONCLUSIONS TBM appeared in a minority of our HIV cohort and affected severely immunodepressed patients; the clinical and CSF variables had a typical aspect in most cases, and the Thwaites scoring system performed well for this type of patient. The lethality rate was high and was correlated with a more severe immunodepression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ioana Loghin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.L.); (A.V.); (E.G.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “St. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania; (Ș.A.R.); (G.S.); (C.M.D.)
| | - Andrei Vâță
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.L.); (A.V.); (E.G.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “St. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania; (Ș.A.R.); (G.S.); (C.M.D.)
| | - Egidia Gabriela Miftode
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.L.); (A.V.); (E.G.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “St. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania; (Ș.A.R.); (G.S.); (C.M.D.)
| | - Mihaela Cobaschi
- Faculty of Medicine/Clinical II Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș”, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Șerban Alin Rusu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “St. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania; (Ș.A.R.); (G.S.); (C.M.D.)
| | - George Silvaș
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “St. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania; (Ș.A.R.); (G.S.); (C.M.D.)
| | - Otilia Elena Frăsinariu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.L.); (A.V.); (E.G.M.)
- Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children “St. Maria”, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Mihaela Dorobăț
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “St. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania; (Ș.A.R.); (G.S.); (C.M.D.)
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Loe MWC, Lee RCH, Chin WX, Min N, Teo ZY, Ho SX, Yi B, Chu JJH. Chelerythrine chloride inhibits Zika virus infection by targeting the viral NS4B protein. Antiviral Res 2023; 219:105732. [PMID: 37832876 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that has re-emerged as a significant threat to global health in the recent decade. Whilst infections are primarily asymptomatic, the virus has been associated with the manifestation of severe neurological complications. At present, there is still a lack of approved antivirals for ZIKV infections. In this study, chelerythrine chloride, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, was identified from a mid-throughput screen conducted on a 502-compound natural products library to be a novel and potent inhibitor of ZIKV infection in both in-vitro and in-vivo assays. Subsequent downstream studies demonstrated that the compound inhibits a post-entry step of the viral replication cycle and is capable of disrupting viral RNA synthesis and protein expression. The successful generation and sequencing of a ZIKV resistant mutant revealed that a single S61T mutation on the viral NS4B allowed ZIKV to overcome chelerythrine chloride inhibition. Further investigation revealed that chelerythrine chloride could directly inhibit ZIKV protein synthesis, and that the NS4B-S61T mutation confers resistance to this inhibition. This study has established chelerythrine chloride as a potential candidate for further development as a therapeutic agent against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Wing Choy Loe
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Regina Ching Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Wei-Xin Chin
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Nyo Min
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Zi Yun Teo
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Si Xian Ho
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Bowen Yi
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore.
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Batu TD, Obsu LL, Deressa CT. Co-infection dynamics of COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18437. [PMID: 37891225 PMCID: PMC10611792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there are many results that can be used to treat and prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), these diseases continue to be public health concerns and cause socioeconomic consequences. Following compromised immunity, COVID-19 is considered to be a challenge for people with HIV. People with advanced HIV are considered a vulnerable population at high risk in several case studies that discuss COVID-19 and HIV co-infection. As there is no cure for HIV and there is a chance of contracting COVID-19 again, co-infection continues to pose a problem. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of intervention strategies and identify the role of different parameters in risking people living with HIV to death when they get infected with COVID-19. This is achieved through the development and rigorous analysis of a mathematical model that considers a population at risk of death due to COVID-19 and HIV. The model formulation provides a detailed explanation of the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and HIV co-infection. The solution's invariant region, positivity, and boundedness were established. The reproduction numbers of the sub-models and the co-infection model were determined. The existence and stability of equilibria, including backward bifurcation for the COVID-19 sub-model, were examined. The epidemiological significance of backward bifurcation is that the condition [Formula: see text] less than 1 for eliminating COVID-19, though necessary, is no longer sufficient. Parametric estimation and curve fitting were performed based on data from Ethiopia. Numerical simulations were employed to support and clarify the analytical findings and to show some parameter effects on COVID-19 and HIV co-infection. Accordingly, the simulations indicated that parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], related to HIV patients' exposure to other diseases and the increase in infectiousness, have a positive role in increasing the number of co-infections. On the other hand, an increase in COVID-19 vaccination ([Formula: see text]) shows the suppression of co-infection cases. In addition, treating co-infected individuals for COVID-19, increasing treatment rates [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], reduces the death risk of HIV-infected individuals due to the co-infection burden. It was implied that improving vaccine delivery programs and other medical interventions have important contributions to lowering the risk of COVID-19 infection-related fatalities in HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaneh Debele Batu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Legesse Lemecha Obsu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia.
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Liu S, Guo T, Hu J, Huang W, She P, Wu Y. HIV-1-related factors interact with p53 to influence cellular processes. AIDS Res Ther 2023; 20:66. [PMID: 37691100 PMCID: PMC10493029 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the primary epidemic strain in China. Its genome contains two regulatory genes (tat and rev), three structural genes (gag, pol, and env), and four accessory genes (nef, vpr, vpu, and vif). Long terminal repeats (LTRs) in thegenome regulate integration, duplication, and expression of viral gene. The permissibility of HIV-1 infection hinges on the host cell cycle status. HIV-1 replicates by exploiting various cellular processes via upregulation or downregulation of specific cellular proteins that also control viral pathogenesis. For example, HIV-1 regulates the life cycle of p53, which in turn contributes significantly to HIV-1 pathogenesis. In this article, we review the interaction between HIV-1-associated factors and p53, providing information on their regulatory and molecular mechanisms, hinting possible directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanling Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, 311 Yingpan Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, 311 Yingpan Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, 311 Yingpan Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, 311 Yingpan Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei She
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, 311 Yingpan Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.
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30
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Abdi M, Ahmadi A, Mokarizadeh A. Biomarkers for Assessment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and its Co-Infection with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viruses: A Comprehensive Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 18:230-243. [PMID: 37942194 PMCID: PMC10628369 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2023.1972384.3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has dramatically increased worldwide due to their shared routes of transmission. Compared to the sporadic infection with HIV, HBV, and HCV, concurrent infection with these agents increases the complications of these viruses. Furthermore, co-infection may also alter the therapeutic strategies against HIV. Accordingly, choosing appropriate biomarkers to detect these co-infections is one of the main concerns in the field of diagnostic pathology. Up to now, several markers have been introduced for the simultaneous diagnosis of HIV, HBV, and HCV. In this regard, serum adenosine deaminase activity (ADA), FibroTests, AST-to-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), Fibrosis-4, Hyaluronic acid, and micro ribonucleic acids (MiR) have been investigated as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of HIV-HCV/HBV co-infections. This review summarizes diagnostic values of the current and emerging biomarkers in HIV patients concurrently infected with HBV and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Abbas Ahmadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Aram Mokarizadeh
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AryoGen Pharmed Inc, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Scarpa F, Imperia E, Ciccozzi A, Pascarella S, Quaranta M, Giovanetti M, Borsetti A, Petrosillo N, Ciccozzi M. Khosta: A Genetic and Structural Point of View of the Forgotten Virus. Infect Dis Rep 2023; 15:307-318. [PMID: 37367190 DOI: 10.3390/idr15030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are well-known to be natural reservoirs of various zoonotic coronaviruses, which have caused outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2002 and 2019, respectively. In late 2020, two new Sarbecoviruses were found in Russia, isolated in Rhinolophus bats, i.e., Khosta-1 in R. ferrumequinum and Khosta-2 in R. hipposideros. The potential danger associated with these new species of Sarbecovirus is that Khosta-2 has been found to interact with the same entry receptor as SARS-CoV-2. Our multidisciplinary approach in this study demonstrates that Khosta-1 and -2 currently appear to be not dangerous with low risk of spillover, as confirmed by prevalence data and by phylogenomic reconstruction. In addition, the interaction between Khosta-1 and -2 with ACE2 appears weak, and furin cleavage sites are absent. While the possibility of a spillover event cannot be entirely excluded, it is currently highly unlikely. This research further emphasizes the importance of assessing the zoonotic potential of widely distributed batborne CoV in order to monitor changes in genomic composition of viruses and prevent spillover events (if any).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Scarpa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Imperia
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University of Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University of Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pascarella
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Miriana Quaranta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University of Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30.190-009, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Borsetti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Petrosillo
- Infection Prevention and Control-Infectious Disease Service, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University of Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Bilibayeva G, Ospanova D, Nurkerimova A, Kussainova F, Tukeev M, Shokybaeva M, Tanabayeva S, Fakhradiyev I, Saliev T. Epidemiological Analysis of HIV/AIDS in Kazakhstan During 2018-2020. J Res Health Sci 2023; 23:e00580. [PMID: 37571951 PMCID: PMC10422132 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2023.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a severe threat to public health everywhere, including the Central Asian region and Kazakhstan. The aim of the study was to conduct an epidemiological analysis of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection during 2018-2020. STUDY DESIGN A case series study. METHODS A descriptive analysis of national data on registered cases of HIV in Kazakhstan was conducted, and demographic information was collected and studied accordingly. The analysis of the influence of age, period, and cohort was performed using the age-period-cohort method. RESULTS Based on the results, men prevailed (68.5%) among all cases of HIV infection (n=1235). Sexual transmission during heterosexual contact was higher in females (88.9%, P=0.005), and the number of new cases as a result of homosexual contact was higher in men (23.0%, P=0.087). In addition, the parenteral route of HIV transmission cases prevailed among men (27.5%, P=0.001), and intravenous drug administration was more common among males (27.4%, P=0.01). Moreover, 68.5% of men and 33.2% of women had a low therapy adherence. In men, the risk of HIV prevalence increased after 32.5 years (deviation [Dv]: 0.134, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.096 to 0.364). At the age of 37.5 years, there was an increase (Dv: 0.852, 95% CI=0.626 to 1.079) in HIV prevalence. However, no peaks were observed in women. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated a rise in the prevalence of HIV infection in Kazakhstan. Men aged 37 and older were identified as the risk category. Eventually, inadequate adherence to treatment was observed in HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marat Tukeev
- Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Shynar Tanabayeva
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ildar Fakhradiyev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Dos Santos Rangel MV, Barros JP, Peres D, DE Carvalho Mira PA, Martinez DG, Laterza MC, Farinatti P, Borges JP. Body Mass Index but not Physical Activity Level Moderates Lowered Cardiac Baroreflex Sensitivity in People Living with HIV. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2023; 16:700-709. [PMID: 37650036 PMCID: PMC10464752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Reduced cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) is an autonomic marker associated with a worse cardiovascular prognosis. Whether cBRS is lowered in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is yet unclear, as well as potential moderator effects of body mass index (BMI) or physical activity (PA) level. The present study aims to compare the spontaneous cBRS in PLHIV vs. HIV-uninfected controls, and to determine among PLHIV the relationship between cBRS vs. body mass index (BMI) and PA level. Total, upward (cBRS+), and downward (cBRS-) cBRS gains were assessed using the sequential method from beat-to-beat blood pressure at rest in 16 PLHIV (46.5±8.4 years) under antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months, and 16 HIV-uninfected controls (CTL; 42.1±8.0 years). PA level was assessed by the Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ short version) overall score. PLHIV showed lower total cBRS (8.7±3.1 vs. 15.3±7.7 ms.mmHg-1; p < 0.01), cBRS+ (9.2±4.9 vs. 16.0±6.8 ms.mmHg-1; p < 0.01) and cBRS- (9.5±4.9 vs. 15.3±9.3 ms.mmHg-1; p < 0.01) vs. CTL. No between-group difference was found for BMI (PLHIV: 25.2±2.6 vs. CTL: 26.8±3.2 kg.m-2; p > 0.05) or IPAQ score (PLHIV: 2.4±1.0 vs. CTL: 2.0±1.4; p > 0.05). In PLHIV, total cBRS was inversely correlated vs. BMI (r = -0.44; p = 0.04), but not vs. IPAQ score (r = 0.17; p = 0.26). HIV infection may reduce spontaneous cBRS, which seemed to be moderated by higher BMI, but not PA level of PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius Dos Santos Rangel
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BRAZIL
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BRAZIL
| | - Juliana Pereira Barros
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BRAZIL
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BRAZIL
| | - Deysiane Peres
- Cardiovascular Research Unit and Exercise Physiology - InCFEx, University Hospital and Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Pedro Augusto DE Carvalho Mira
- Cardiovascular Research Unit and Exercise Physiology - InCFEx, University Hospital and Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Daniel Godoy Martinez
- Cardiovascular Research Unit and Exercise Physiology - InCFEx, University Hospital and Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Mateus Camaroti Laterza
- Cardiovascular Research Unit and Exercise Physiology - InCFEx, University Hospital and Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BRAZIL
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BRAZIL
| | - Juliana Pereira Borges
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BRAZIL
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BRAZIL
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Deng P, Chen M, Si L. Temporal trends in inequalities of the burden of HIV/AIDS across 186 countries and territories. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:981. [PMID: 37237365 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has reported that HIV/AIDS continues to take a disproportionate toll on global health. However, the trends in global inequality of HIV/AIDS burden have remained ambiguous over the past two decades. The objectives of our study were to assess the socioeconomic inequalities, and temporal trends of HIV/AIDS across 186 countries and territories from 2000 to 2019. METHODS We extracted data from the GBD 2019, and conducted a cross-national time-series analysis. Age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates were used to measure the global burden of HIV/AIDS. Gross national income (GNI) per capita was used to approximate the national socioeconomic status. Linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between age-standardized DALY rates due to HIV/AIDS and GNI per capita. The concentration curve and concentration index (CI) were generated to evaluate the cross-national socioeconomic inequality of HIV/AIDS burden. A joinpoint regression analysis was used to quantify the changes in trends in socioeconomic inequality of HIV/AIDS burden from 2000 to 2019. RESULTS A decrease in age-standardized DALY rates for HIV/AIDS occurred in 132 (71%) of 186 countries/territories from 2000 to 2019, of which 52 (39%) countries/territories achieved a decrease in DALYs of more than 50%, and 27 (52%) of the 52 were from sub-Saharan Africa. The concentration curves of the age-standardized DALY rates of HIV/AIDS were above the equality line from 2000 to 2019. The CI rose from - 0.4625 (95% confidence interval - 0.6220 to -0.2629) in 2000 to -0.4122 (95% confidence interval - 0.6008 to -0.2235) in 2019. A four-phase trend of changes in the CIs of age-standardized DALY rates for HIV/AIDS was observed across 2000 to 2019, with an average increase of 0.6% (95% confidence interval 0.4 to 0.8, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Globally, the burden of HIV/AIDS has decreased over the past two decades, accompanied by a trend of narrowing cross-country inequalities of HIV/AIDS burden. Moreover, the burden of HIV/AIDS continues to fall primarily in low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghong Deng
- School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangning District, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingsheng Chen
- School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangning District, 211166, Nanjing, China.
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Si
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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35
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Martínez-García E, Martínez-Martínez JC, Martín-Salvador A, González-García A, Pérez-Morente MÁ, Álvarez-Serrano MA, García-García I. Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis from a Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic in Southern Spain. Pathogens 2023; 12:756. [PMID: 37375446 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data on women suffering from vulvovaginal candidiasis and its recurrence are outdated and vague. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of women diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis, as well as the epidemiological profile and associated risk factors in the province of Granada (Spain). Data from the Centre for Sexually Transmitted Infections of the Granada province between 2000 and 2018 (N = 438) were used in this study. Associations between sociodemographic and sexual behaviour variables with vulvovaginal candidiasis were analysed using the Chi-square test and bivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of candidiasis was 14.6%. The sociodemographic profile corresponded to a woman aged 25.14 ± 4.8 years on average, who is of Spanish nationality (60.9%), a student (55.7%), in non-active employment (59.7%), with a higher education (56.7%), single (93.5%), and under 30 years of age (79.7%). Variables associated with this diagnosis were the absence of oro-genital contact (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 0.25-0.74), having a regular partner (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.05-3.75), and age of sexual debut, with the probability increasing by 12% (95% CI = 1.00-1.24) with each year. In this context, vulvovaginal candidiasis infection is common, and its epidemiological profile is contradictory, so our results do not suggest a relevant role of sexual risk behaviours in the diagnosis. Further research is needed to improve the estimates and factors associated with this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarnación Martínez-García
- Guadix High Resolution Hospital, Andalusian Health Service, 18500 Granada, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Adelina Martín-Salvador
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto González-García
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Osetrina DA, Kusova AM, Bikmullin AG, Klochkova EA, Yulmetov AR, Semenova EA, Mukhametzyanov TA, Usachev KS, Klochkov VV, Blokhin DS. Extent of N-Terminus Folding of Semenogelin 1 Cleavage Product Determines Tendency to Amyloid Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108949. [PMID: 37240295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that four peptide fragments of predominant protein in human semen Semenogelin 1 (SEM1) (SEM1(86-107), SEM1(68-107), SEM1(49-107) and SEM1(45-107)) are involved in fertilization and amyloid formation processes. In this work, the structure and dynamic behavior of SEM1(45-107) and SEM1(49-107) peptides and their N-domains were described. According to ThT fluorescence spectroscopy data, it was shown that the amyloid formation of SEM1(45-107) starts immediately after purification, which is not observed for SEM1(49-107). Seeing that the peptide amino acid sequence of SEM1(45-107) differs from SEM1(49-107) only by the presence of four additional amino acid residues in the N domain, these domains of both peptides were obtained via solid-phase synthesis and the difference in their dynamics and structure was investigated. SEM1(45-67) and SEM1(49-67) showed no principal difference in dynamic behavior in water solution. Furthermore, we obtained mostly disordered structures of SEM1(45-67) and SEM1(49-67). However, SEM1(45-67) contains a helix (E58-K60) and helix-like (S49-Q51) fragments. These helical fragments may rearrange into β-strands during amyloid formation process. Thus, the difference in full-length peptides' (SEM1(45-107) and SEM1(49-107)) amyloid-forming behavior may be explained by the presence of a structured helix at the SEM1(45-107) N-terminus, which contributes to an increased rate of amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Osetrina
- NMR Laboratory, Medical Physics Department, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Aleksandra M Kusova
- NMR Laboratory, Medical Physics Department, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Aydar G Bikmullin
- NMR Laboratory, Medical Physics Department, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420021, Russia
| | - Evelina A Klochkova
- NMR Laboratory, Medical Physics Department, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420021, Russia
| | - Aydar R Yulmetov
- NMR Laboratory, Medical Physics Department, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Evgenia A Semenova
- NMR Laboratory, Medical Physics Department, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Timur A Mukhametzyanov
- NMR Laboratory, Medical Physics Department, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Konstantin S Usachev
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420021, Russia
- Laboratory for Structural Analysis of Biomacromolecules, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences", Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Klochkov
- NMR Laboratory, Medical Physics Department, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Dmitriy S Blokhin
- NMR Laboratory, Medical Physics Department, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
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37
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Masenga SK, Mweene BC, Luwaya E, Muchaili L, Chona M, Kirabo A. HIV-Host Cell Interactions. Cells 2023; 12:1351. [PMID: 37408185 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) was a great milestone in the management of HIV infection. ARVs suppress viral activity in the host cell, thus minimizing injury to the cells and prolonging life. However, an effective treatment has remained elusive for four decades due to the successful immune evasion mechanisms of the virus. A thorough understanding of the molecular interaction of HIV with the host cell is essential in the development of both preventive and curative therapies for HIV infection. This review highlights several inherent mechanisms of HIV that promote its survival and propagation, such as the targeting of CD4+ lymphocytes, the downregulation of MHC class I and II, antigenic variation and an envelope complex that minimizes antibody access, and how they collaboratively render the immune system unable to mount an effective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Bislom C Mweene
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Emmanuel Luwaya
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Lweendo Muchaili
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Makondo Chona
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
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Abbasi SAA, Noor T, Mylavarapu M, Sahotra M, Bashir HA, Bhat RR, Jindal U, Amin U, V A, Siddiqui HF. Double Trouble Co-Infections: Understanding the Correlation Between COVID-19 and HIV Viruses. Cureus 2023; 15:e38678. [PMID: 37288215 PMCID: PMC10243673 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), mounted a substantial threat to public health worldwide. It initially emerged as a mere outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and quickly engulfed the entire world, evolving into a global pandemic, consuming millions of lives and leaving a catastrophic effect on our lives in ways unimaginable. The entire healthcare system was significantly impacted and HIV healthcare was not spared. In this article, we reviewed the effect of HIV on COVID-19 disease and the ramifications of the recent COVID-19 pandemic over HIV management strategies. Our review highlights that contrary to the instinctive belief that HIV should render patients susceptible to COVID-19 infection, the studies depicted mixed results, although comorbidities and other confounders greatly affected the results. Few studies showed a higher rate of in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19 among HIV patients; however, the use of antiretroviral therapy had no consequential effect. COVID-19 vaccination was deemed safe among HIV patients in general. The recent pandemic can destabilize the HIV epidemic control as it hugely impacted access to care and preventive services and led to a marked reduction in HIV testing. The collision of these two disastrous pandemics warrants the need to materialize rigorous epidemiological measures and health policies, but most importantly, brisk research in prevention strategies to mitigate the combined burden of the two viruses and to battle similar future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarika Noor
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, Ludhiana, IND
| | | | - Monika Sahotra
- Department of Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, UKR
| | - Hunmble A Bashir
- Forensic Medicine, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, PAK
| | - Rakshita Ramesh Bhat
- Medical Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, IND
- Internal Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, IND
| | - Urmi Jindal
- Department of Medicine, Karamshi Jethabhai Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, IND
| | - Uzma Amin
- Pathology, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PAK
| | - Anushree V
- Department of Medicine, Jagadguru Jayadeva Murugarajendra (JJM) Medical College, Davangere, IND
| | - Humza F Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
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Openshaw MR, Gervasi E, Fulgenzi CAM, Pinato DJ, Dalla Pria A, Bower M. Taxonomic reclassification of Kaposi Sarcoma identifies disease entities with distinct immunopathogenesis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:283. [PMID: 37106396 PMCID: PMC10142155 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The taxonomy of Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is based on a classification system focused on the description of clinicopathological features of KS in geographically and clinically diverse populations. The classification includes classic, endemic, epidemic/HIV associated and iatrogenic KS, and KS in men who have sex with men (MSM). We assessed the medical relevance of the current classification of KS and sought clinically useful improvements in KS taxonomy. METHODS We reviewed the demographic and clinicopathological features of 676 patients with KS, who were referred to the national centre for HIV oncology at Chelsea Westminster hospital between 2000 and 2021. RESULTS Demographic differences between the different subtypes of KS exist as tautological findings of the current classification system. However, no definitive differences in clinicopathological, virological or immunological parameters at presentation could be demonstrated between the classic, endemic or MSM KS patients. Reclassifying patients as either immunosuppressed or non-immunosuppressed, showed that the immunosuppressed group had a significantly higher proportion of adverse disease features at presentation including visceral disease and extensive oral involvement, classified together as advanced disease (chi2 P = 0.0012*) and disseminated skin involvement (chi2 P < 0.0001*). Immunosuppressed patients had lower CD4 counts, higher CD8 counts and a trend towards higher HHV8 levels compared to non-immunosuppressed patients, however overall survival and disease specific (KS) survival was similar across groups. CONCLUSION The current system of KS classification does not reflect meaningful differences in clinicopathological presentation or disease pathogenesis. Reclassification of patients based on the presence or absence of immunosuppression is a more clinically meaningful system that may influence therapeutic approaches to KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Openshaw
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- UK National Centre for HIV Oncology, Chelsea Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
| | - E Gervasi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - C A M Fulgenzi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D J Pinato
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Division of Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - A Dalla Pria
- UK National Centre for HIV Oncology, Chelsea Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Bower
- UK National Centre for HIV Oncology, Chelsea Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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40
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McDonagh F, Cormican M, Morris D, Burke L, Singh NK, Venkateswaran K, Miliotis G. Medical Astro-Microbiology: Current Role and Future Challenges. J Indian Inst Sci 2023; 103:1-26. [PMID: 37362850 PMCID: PMC10082442 DOI: 10.1007/s41745-023-00360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The second and third decades of the twenty-first century are marked by a flourishing of space technology which may soon realise human aspirations of a permanent multiplanetary presence. The prevention, control and management of infection with microbial pathogens is likely to play a key role in how successful human space aspirations will become. This review considers the emerging field of medical astro-microbiology. It examines the current evidence regarding the risk of infection during spaceflight via host susceptibility, alterations to the host's microbiome as well as exposure to other crew members and spacecraft's microbiomes. It also considers the relevance of the hygiene hypothesis in this regard. It then reviews the current evidence related to infection risk associated with microbial adaptability in spaceflight conditions. There is a particular focus on the International Space Station (ISS), as one of the only two crewed objects in low Earth orbit. It discusses the effects of spaceflight related stressors on viruses and the infection risks associated with latent viral reactivation and increased viral shedding during spaceflight. It then examines the effects of the same stressors on bacteria, particularly in relation to changes in virulence and drug resistance. It also considers our current understanding of fungal adaptability in spaceflight. The global public health and environmental risks associated with a possible re-introduction to Earth of invasive species are also briefly discussed. Finally, this review examines the largely unknown microbiology and infection implications of celestial body habitation with an emphasis placed on Mars. Overall, this review summarises much of our current understanding of medical astro-microbiology and identifies significant knowledge gaps. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca McDonagh
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin Cormican
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Burke
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nitin Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Kasthuri Venkateswaran
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Georgios Miliotis
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Guo X, Liu D, Huang Y, Deng Y, Wang Y, Mao J, Zhou Y, Xiong Y, Gao X. Revolutionizing viral disease vaccination: the promising clinical advancements of non-replicating mRNA vaccines. Virol J 2023; 20:64. [PMID: 37029389 PMCID: PMC10081822 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA vaccine technology was developed rapidly during the global pandemic of COVID-19. The crucial role of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in preventing viral infection also have been beneficial to the exploration and application of other viral mRNA vaccines, especially for non-replication structure mRNA vaccines of viral disease with outstanding research results. Therefore, this review pays attention to the existing mRNA vaccines, which are of great value for candidates for clinical applications in viral diseases. We provide an overview of the optimization of the mRNA vaccine development process as well as the good immune efficacy and safety shown in clinical studies. In addition, we also provide a brief description of the important role of mRNA immunomodulators in the treatment of viral diseases. After that, it will provide a good reference or strategy for research on mRNA vaccines used in clinical medicine with more stable structures, higher translation efficiency, better immune efficacy and safety, shorter production time, and lower production costs than conditional vaccines to be used as preventive or therapeutic strategy for the control of viral diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongying Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukai Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Youcai Deng
- Department of Hematology, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Modern Medical Teaching and Research Section, Department of Tibetan Medicine, University of Tibetan Medicine, No. 10 Dangre Middle Rd, Chengguan District, Lhasa, 850000, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingrui Mao
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy. No, 6 Niusha Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610299, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongai Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinghong Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Bio-Safety, Provincial Department of Education, Zunyi Medical University, West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
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Feng S, Park S, Choi YK, Im W. CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder: Past, Current, and Future Developments and Applications. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2161-2185. [PMID: 37014931 PMCID: PMC10174225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations of membranes and membrane proteins serve as computational microscopes, revealing coordinated events at the membrane interface. As G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, transporters, and membrane-bound enzymes are important drug targets, understanding their drug binding and action mechanisms in a realistic membrane becomes critical. Advances in materials science and physical chemistry further demand an atomistic understanding of lipid domains and interactions between materials and membranes. Despite a wide range of membrane simulation studies, generating a complex membrane assembly remains challenging. Here, we review the capability of CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder in the context of emerging research demands, as well as the application examples from the CHARMM-GUI user community, including membrane biophysics, membrane protein drug-binding and dynamics, protein-lipid interactions, and nano-bio interface. We also provide our perspective on future Membrane Builder development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Feng
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Soohyung Park
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yeol Kyo Choi
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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Madham S, Visshishta J, Dasagari Vinod H, S OK, Cherukuri VP. A Review of Basic Knowledge of HIV Infection for Orthodontic Management of HIV Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e37770. [PMID: 37214076 PMCID: PMC10194426 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes an infection affecting immunity-providing white blood cells. The HIV pandemic is far from over and is a major socio-economical burden. As there is no cure yet, prevention of new infections is the major path to control the infection. There is a low chance of orthodontic procedures carrying a risk of HIV infection transmission. It is important to have knowledge about the disease to effectively and safely treat known or unknown patients with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Madham
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
| | - J Visshishta
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Haritha Dasagari Vinod
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, AH Dental and Orthodontic Centre, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Ojass Kumar S
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Vishnu Priya Cherukuri
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, MNR Dental College & Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
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Yussuf FM, Barbarawi A, Nor MA, Ali AI, Sheikh IM, Ogedegbe OJ, Tabowei G, Jimoh A, Ozokolie GE, Igbinomwanhia O. A Systematic Review Exploring the Range of Renal Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Cureus 2023; 15:e36755. [PMID: 37123789 PMCID: PMC10132701 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral infection which progressively leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the absence of treatment. This happens through the destruction of crucial cells in the immune system, such as the helper T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Since the first case was isolated in the 20th century, the disease has spread rapidly among humans, with significant renal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological complications. It is predominantly sexually transmitted but non-sexual transmission. A relationship between HIV and renal diseases has been suggested for a long time, but only a few systematic studies have centered on this association. This systematic review aims to analyze the possible association between HIV and renal diseases as well as the range and pathogenesis of these renal diseases. HIV remains a critical infectious disease globally, inciting substantial morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that people living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of acute and chronic kidney disease. This review is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched exhaustively using the inclusion criteria of free full-text English papers that have exclusively studied humans in the last 20 years. Sixteen articles were selected including a systematic review, observational studies, and comprehensive narrative reviews on the role of HIV in the etiology of renal diseases, and were systemically reviewed and analyzed to elicit the wide range of possible renal complications resulting from HIV infection.
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Cellular Targets of HIV-1 Protease: Just the Tip of the Iceberg? Viruses 2023; 15:v15030712. [PMID: 36992421 PMCID: PMC10053624 DOI: 10.3390/v15030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) viral protease (PR) is one of the most studied viral enzymes and a crucial antiviral target. Despite its well-characterized role in virion maturation, an increasing body of research is starting to focus on its ability to cleave host cell proteins. Such findings are apparently in contrast with the dogma of HIV-1 PR activity being restricted to the interior of nascent virions and suggest catalytic activity within the host cell environment. Given the limited amount of PR present in the virion at the time of infection, such events mainly occur during late viral gene expression, mediated by newly synthesized Gag-Pol polyprotein precursors, rather than before proviral integration. HIV-1 PR mainly targets proteins involved in three different processes: those involved in translation, those controlling cell survival, and restriction factors responsible for innate/intrinsic antiviral responses. Indeed, by cleaving host cell translation initiation factors, HIV-1 PR can impair cap-dependent translation, thus promoting IRES-mediated translation of late viral transcripts and viral production. By targeting several apoptotic factors, it modulates cell survival, thus promoting immune evasion and viral dissemination. Additionally, HIV-1 PR counteracts restriction factors incorporated in the virion that would otherwise interfere with nascent virus vitality. Thus, HIV-1 PR appears to modulate host cell function at different times and locations during its life cycle, thereby ensuring efficient viral persistency and propagation. However, we are far from having a complete picture of PR-mediated host cell modulation, which is emerging as a field that needs further investigation.
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46
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Rampogu S, Kim Y, Kim SW, Lee KW. An overview on monkeypox virus: Pathogenesis, transmission, host interaction and therapeutics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1076251. [PMID: 36844409 PMCID: PMC9950268 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1076251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthopoxvirus is one of the most notorious genus amongst the Poxviridae family. Monkeypox (MP) is a zoonotic disease that has been spreading throughout Africa. The spread is global, and incidence rates are increasing daily. The spread of the virus is rapid due to human-to-human and animals-to-human transmission. World Health Organization (WHO) has declared monkeypox virus (MPV) as a global health emergency. Since treatment options are limited, it is essential to know the modes of transmission and symptoms to stop disease spread. The information from host-virus interactions revealed significantly expressed genes that are important for the progression of the MP infection. In this review, we highlighted the MP virus structure, transmission modes, and available therapeutic options. Furthermore, this review provides insights for the scientific community to extend their research work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailima Rampogu
- Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK4 Program), Division of Life Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseong Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Won Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), ABC-RLRC, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK4 Program), Division of Life Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Chacha S, Hui J, Yuxin T, Wang Z, Ali S, Mbonile N, Msumari M, Msuya N, Malimu E, Revocatus B, Maokola W, Mtali G, Simon V, Dang S. Epidemiological profile of malnutrition status and spatial distribution of children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:203-214. [PMID: 36617637 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of malnutrition status, analyse the association between malnutrition status and individual-level factors, and explore the spatial variation among children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Tanzania. METHODS The study is based on large-scale baseline routine data from the National AIDS Control Programme on people living with HIV from January 2016 to December 2021 in mainland Tanzania. 70,102 children and adolescents aged 5-19 years receiving active antiretroviral therapy were included in the analysis. Nutritional status of participants was assessed by anthropometric measurement. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to describe the association between individual-level factors with all malnutrition outcomes and spatial analysis was used to investigate spatial distribution of malnutrition. The excess risk of malnutrition for each region was calculated while Anselin Local Moran's I and Getis-Ord statistical tools were used to identify significant hot spots regions of malnutrition. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 11.1 (SD 4.7) years, with 71.7% in the 5-14-year age group and 58.4% being girls. 39.2% were attending care and treatment clinics services at hospital level with public ownership. 53.4% started using ARV at age 5-14 years and 55.5% had already switched to second- or third-line ARV with 61.1% using ARV for less than 3 years. 51.2% were in WHO HIV clinical stage III or IV. The prevalence of malnutrition was 36.0% for stunting, 28.9% for underweight, 13.0% for wasting, and 48.0% for anthropometric failure. Individual-level factors which accounted for a higher proportion of malnutrition based on anthropometric failure were male sex (56.3%), age 5-14 years (50.0%), being unmarried (52.9%), being on second- or third-line ARV treatment (51.4%), ART initiation at age 5-14 years (55.7%), ARV for more than 3 years (49.4%), and stage IV of WHO HIV clinical status (57.8%). There were regional hot spots (p < 0.05): the prevalence rate and excess risk of malnutrition for stunting and anthropometric failure were highest in the southern highlands regions, for underweight in the central regions, and for wasting in the northern regions. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Tanzania suffer from poor nutritional status. Malnutrition does not occur arbitrarily, and the regions identified as hot spots should be given priority for nutritional intervention. Effective nutritional interventions for children living with HIV/AIDS should incorporate multiple approaches by considering unique geographical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chacha
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sumbwanga Regional Referral Hospital, Rukwa, Tanzania
| | - Jing Hui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Teng Yuxin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Saumu Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Nicolaus Mbonile
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sumbwanga Regional Referral Hospital, Rukwa, Tanzania
| | - Mary Msumari
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sumbwanga Regional Referral Hospital, Rukwa, Tanzania
| | - Ndovera Msuya
- Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Emmanuel Malimu
- Global Fund, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania.,Department of Parasitology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Baraka Revocatus
- Department of Data and Statistics, Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.,National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Werner Maokola
- National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Godwin Mtali
- Department of Oncology, Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Victor Simon
- Global Health Program, HJFMRI, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Rukwa, Tanzania
| | - Shaonong Dang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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Akram F, Waheed HM, Shah FI, Haq IU, Nasir N, Akhtar MT, Farooq Gohar U. Burgeoning therapeutic strategies to curb the contemporary surging viral infections. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106088. [PMID: 37004965 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Significant efforts and initiatives were already made in the health care systems, however in the last few years; our world is facing emergences of viral infections which potentially leading to considerable challenges in terms of higher morbidity, mortality, increased and considerable financial loads on the affected populations. Over ten major epidemics or pandemics have been recorded in the twenty-first century, the ongoing coronavirus pandemic being one of them. Viruses being distinct obligate pathogens largely dependent on living beings are considered as one of the prominent causes of death globally. Although effective vaccines and antivirals have led to the eradication of imperative viral pathogens, the emergences of new viral infections as well as novel drug-resistant strains have necessitated the implementation of ingenious and efficient therapeutic approaches to treat viral outbreaks in the future. Nature being a constant source of tremendous therapeutical resources has inspired us to develop multi-target antiviral drugs, overcoming the challenges and limitations faced by pharmaceutical industry. Recent breakthroughs in the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of viral reproduction have laid the groundwork for potential treatment approaches including antiviral gene therapy relying on the application of precisely engineered nucleic acids for disabling pathogen replication. The development of RNA interference and advancements in genome manipulating tools have proven to be especially significant in this regard. In this review, we discussed mode of actions and pathophysiological events associated with the viral infections; followed by distributions, and advancement made towards the detection strategies for timely diagnosis. In the later section, current approaches to cope up the viral pathogens and their key limitations have also been elaborated. Lastly, we also explored some novel and potential targets to treat such infections, where attentions were made on next generation gene editing technologies.
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E Gryshyna A, Chatterjee T, J DeBerry J, Aggarwal S. Assessment of pain-related behaviors in HIV-1 transgenic rats as a model of HIV-associated chronic pain. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231213554. [PMID: 37902051 PMCID: PMC10637165 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231213554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-associated chronic pain is a debilitating comorbid condition that affects 25-85% of people with HIV. The use of opioids to alleviate pain has given rise to opioid dependency in this cohort. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand mechanisms and identify novel therapeutics for HIV-associated chronic pain. Several animal models have been developed to study HIV-related comorbidities. HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rats have been shown to serve as a reliable model that mimic the deficits observed in people with HIV, such as neurological and immune system alterations. However, pain-related behavior in these animals has not been extensively evaluated. In this study, we measured evoked and spontaneous behavior in HIV-1Tg male and female rats. The results indicated that HIV-1Tg rats exhibit similar behavior to those with HIV-1-related neuropathy, specifically, cold sensitivity. Consequently, HIV-1Tg rats can serve as a model of neuropathy to study pain-related mechanisms and therapeutics targeted toward individuals living with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia E Gryshyna
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tanima Chatterjee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer J DeBerry
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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50
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Hardy A, Kever L, Frunzke J. Antiphage small molecules produced by bacteria - beyond protein-mediated defenses. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:92-106. [PMID: 36038409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial populations face the constant threat of viral predation exerted by bacteriophages ('phages'). In response, bacteria have evolved a wide range of defense mechanisms against phage challenges. Yet the vast majority of antiphage defense systems described until now are mediated by proteins or RNA complexes acting at the single-cell level. Here, we review small molecule-based defense strategies against phage infection, with a focus on the antiphage molecules described recently. Importantly, inhibition of phage infection by excreted small molecules has the potential to protect entire bacterial communities, highlighting the ecological significance of these antiphage strategies. Considering the immense repertoire of bacterial metabolites, we envision that the list of antiphage small molecules will be further expanded in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aël Hardy
- Institute of Bio- und Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Larissa Kever
- Institute of Bio- und Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Julia Frunzke
- Institute of Bio- und Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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