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Jaishwal P, Jha K, Singh SP. Revisiting the dimensions of universal vaccine with special focus on COVID-19: Efficacy versus methods of designing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134012. [PMID: 39048013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Even though the use of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic showed unprecedented success in a short time, it also exposed a flaw in the current vaccine design strategy to offer broad protection against emerging variants of concern. However, developing broad-spectrum vaccines is still a challenge for immunologists. The development of universal vaccines against emerging pathogens and their variants appears to be a practical solution to mitigate the economic and physical effects of the pandemic on society. Very few reports are available to explain the basic concept of universal vaccine design and development. This review provides an overview of the innate and adaptive immune responses generated against vaccination and essential insight into immune mechanisms helpful in designing universal vaccines targeting influenza viruses and coronaviruses. In addition, the characteristics, safety, and factors affecting the efficacy of universal vaccines have been discussed. Furthermore, several advancements in methods worthy of designing universal vaccines are described, including chimeric immunogens, heterologous prime-boost vaccines, reverse vaccinology, structure-based antigen design, pan-reactive antibody vaccines, conserved neutralizing epitope-based vaccines, mosaic nanoparticle-based vaccines, etc. In addition to the several advantages, significant potential constraints, such as defocusing the immune response and subdominance, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Jaishwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, India
| | - Kisalay Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, India
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2
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Peña-Bates C, Lascurain R, Ortiz-Navarrete V, Chavez-Galan L. The BCG vaccine and SARS-CoV-2: Could there be a beneficial relationship? Heliyon 2024; 10:e38085. [PMID: 39347386 PMCID: PMC11437859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease continues to cause complications and deaths worldwide. Identifying effective immune protection strategies remains crucial to address this ongoing challenge. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, developed initially to prevent pulmonary tuberculosis, has gained relevance due to its ability to induce cross-protection against other pathogens of the airways. This review summarizes research on the immunological protection provided by BCG, along with its primary clinical and therapeutic uses. It also explores the immunological features of COVID-19, the mechanisms implicated in host cell death, and its association with chronic pulmonary illnesses such as tuberculosis, which has led to complications in diagnosis and management. While vaccines against COVID-19 have been administered globally, uncertainty still exists about its effectiveness. Additionally, it is uncertain whether the utilization of BCG can regulate the immune response to pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Peña-Bates
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Lascurain
- Unidad de Enlace Científico, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, 14610, Mexico
| | - Vianney Ortiz-Navarrete
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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García-Pérez J, Borobia AM, Pérez-Olmeda M, Portolés A, Castaño L, Campins-Artí M, Bertrán MJ, Bermejo M, Arribas JR, López A, Ascaso-Del-Rio A, Arana-Arri E, Fuentes Camps I, Vilella A, Cascajero A, García-Morales MT, Castillo de la Osa M, Pérez Ingidua C, Lora D, Jiménez-Santana P, Pino-Rosa S, Gómez de la Cámara A, De La Torre-Tarazona E, Calonge E, Cruces R, Belda-Iniesta C, Alcamí J, Frías J, Carcas AJ, Díez-Fuertes F. Immunogenicity of a third dose with mRNA-vaccines in the ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 vaccination regimen against SARS-CoV-2 variants. iScience 2024; 27:110728. [PMID: 39286494 PMCID: PMC11404211 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
CombiVacS study has demonstrated a strong immune response of the heterologous ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 vaccine combination. The primary outcomes of the study were to assess the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2, 28 days after a third dose of a mRNA vaccine, in subjects that received a previous prime-boost scheme with ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2. Secondary outcomes extended the study to 3 and 6 months. The third vaccine dose of mRNA-1273 in naive participants previously vaccinated with ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 regimen reached higher neutralizing antibodies titers against the variants of concern Delta and BA.1 lineage of Omicron compared with those receiving a third dose of BNT162b2 at day 28. These differences between BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 arms were observed against the ancestral variant G614 at day 90. Suboptimal neutralizing response was observed against BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5/XBB.1.9, and JN.1 in a relevant proportion of individuals 180 days after the third dose, even after asymptomatic Omicron breakthrough infections. EudraCT (2021-001978-37); ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04860739).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Pérez
- Unidad de Inmunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto M Borobia
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Pérez-Olmeda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Serología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Portolés
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Castaño
- Cruces University Hospital, Bio-Bizkaia, UPV/EHU, CIBERDEM/CIBERER, Endo-ERN, Barakaldo, 48903 Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Magdalena Campins-Artí
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Epidemiología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Bertrán
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Epidemiología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Bermejo
- Unidad de Inmunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ramón Arribas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea López
- Laboratorio de Serología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ascaso-Del-Rio
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eunate Arana-Arri
- Cruces University Hospital, Bio-Bizkaia, UPV/EHU, CIBERDEM/CIBERER, Endo-ERN, Barakaldo, 48903 Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fuentes Camps
- Unidad de Soporte a la Investigación Clínica, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vilella
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Epidemiología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Cascajero
- Unidad de Inmunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Castillo de la Osa
- Laboratorio de Serología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Pérez Ingidua
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Lora
- Spanish Clinical Research Network - SCReN - ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario 12 de octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Estudios Estadísticos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Jiménez-Santana
- Unidad de Inmunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Pino-Rosa
- Laboratorio de Serología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Gómez de la Cámara
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario 12 de octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Estudios Estadísticos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Erick De La Torre-Tarazona
- Unidad de Inmunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Calonge
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Serología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Cruces
- Unidad de Inmunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Alcamí
- Unidad de Inmunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Frías
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio J Carcas
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Díez-Fuertes
- Unidad de Inmunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
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Bashea C, Gize A, Lejisa T, Bikila D, Zerihun B, Challa F, Melese D, Gebreyohanns A, Gorems K, Ali S, Hundie GB, Tola HH, Tsegaye W. Detection and comparison of SARS-CoV-2 antibody produced in naturally infected patients and vaccinated individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: multicenter cross-sectional study. Virol J 2024; 21:192. [PMID: 39160532 PMCID: PMC11334514 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or vaccination triggers antibody production against key viral antigens. However, there is limited evidence on the levels of antibodies produced in naturally infected individuals compared to those vaccinated in Ethiopia. Therefore, we aimed to detect and compare SARS-CoV-2 antibodies produced by naturally infected and vaccinated individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study among a total of 355 naturally infected and 355 vaccinated individuals from November 2022 to April 2023 at 10 selected health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We enrolled the participants consecutively upon their arrival at health facilities until the required sample size was achieved. We used a structured questionnaire to collect data on the demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants. We also collected 3-5 ml of blood samples from all participants and tested for anti-Spike (anti-S) and anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibodies using Cobas 6000. We utilized frequency, mean, or median to describe the data, the Mann-Whitney U test to compare groups, and a generalized linear regression model to assess factors associated with anti-S antibody concentration. We analyzed the data with SPSS version 26, and the level of significance was set at P-value < 0.05. RESULTS Of the naturally infected participants, 352 (99.5%) had anti-S antibodies and all (100%) had anti-N antibodies, whereas among vaccinated participants, all (100%) had anti-S antibodies, while 323 (91.6%) had anti-N antibodies. Anti-S antibodies produced by vaccinated individuals were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those produced as a result of natural infection. Being young (P = 0.004), having hypertension (P < 0.001), and having diabetes (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with lower anti-S antibody levels, while being recently vaccinated and having a higher number of vaccine doses were significantly associated with higher anti-S antibody concentrations in vaccinated participants. Having diabetes (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with lower anti-S concentrations in participants who were naturally infected. CONCLUSION There is a high seropositivity rate in both naturally infected and vaccinated individuals. However, vaccinated individuals had higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than those who were naturally infected, which highlights the significant contribution of vaccination in increasing the protection of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chala Bashea
- National Laboratory Capacity Building Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Addisu Gize
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Lejisa
- National Laboratory Capacity Building Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Demiraw Bikila
- National Laboratory Capacity Building Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Betselot Zerihun
- National TB Reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Feyissa Challa
- National Laboratory Capacity Building Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Melese
- National Laboratory Capacity Building Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alganesh Gebreyohanns
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kasahun Gorems
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gadissa Bedada Hundie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Habteyes Hailu Tola
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Wondewosen Tsegaye
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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5
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Gallardo-Nelson MJ, Cruces M, Gómez YM, Fuenzalida C, Silva J, Aravena-Traipi L, Nuñez E, Gaete-Angel A, Rivas-Yañez E, Kalergis AM, Soto-Rifo R, Valiente-Echeverria F. 4th booster-dose SARS-CoV-2 heterologous and homologous vaccination in rheumatological patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1427501. [PMID: 39131157 PMCID: PMC11309998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1427501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective to evaluate the immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in adults with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs) in comparison to healthy individuals, observed 1-20 weeks following the fourth vaccine dose. Additionally, to evaluate the impact of immunosuppressive therapies, vaccination schedules, the time interval between vaccination and sample collection on the vaccine's immune response. Methods We designed a longitudinal observational study conducted at the rheumatology department of Hospital de Copiapó. Neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) titers against the Wuhan and Omicron variant were analyzed between 1-20 weeks after administration of the fourth dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to 341 participants (218 IMRD patients and 123 healthy controls). 218 IMRD patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic vasculitis (VS) and systemic scleroderma (SS) were analyzed. Results Performing a comparison between the variants, Wuhan vs Omicron, we noticed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the level of the ID50, both for healthy controls and for patients with IMRDs. The humoral response of patients with IMRDs is significantly lower compared to healthy controls for the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 (p = 0.0015). The humoral response of patients with IMRDs decreases significantly when the time interval between vaccination and sample collection is greater than 35 days. This difference was observed in the response, both for the Wuhan variant and for the Omicron variant. Conclusion The IMRDs patients, the humoral response variation in the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine depends on doses and type of vaccine administered, the humoral response times and the treatment that these patients are receiving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Cruces
- Policlínico Reumatología e Inmunología, Hospital Regional de Copiapó, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Yolanda M. Gómez
- Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Constanza Fuenzalida
- Policlínico Reumatología e Inmunología, Hospital Regional de Copiapó, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Javiera Silva
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Laura Aravena-Traipi
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Eduardo Nuñez
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Aracelly Gaete-Angel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Rivas-Yañez
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Valiente-Echeverria
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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6
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Al Katatbeh M, Al-Mashakbeh Y, Freihat H, Gharam H, Mohammad R, Aldalki R, Eid S, Sharman R, Heissat N, Al-Samarraie G, Al-Shaibie A, Khasawneh L. Incidence of narcolepsy symptoms after taking COVID-19 vaccines: a Jordanian cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2024; 13:218-224. [PMID: 39144130 PMCID: PMC11319113 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sleeping disorders were reported in many patients who took vaccines during previous pandemics. We aim to investigate the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and the incidence of narcolepsy symptoms in the Jordanian population. Materials and Methods We used a descriptive, cross-sectional, online self-administered survey conducted between December 2022 and May 2023. The survey targeted males and females above the age of 18 years who took any type of COVID-19 vaccine, had no chronic diseases, and had no sleep disorders prior to taking the vaccine. The survey was distributed via social media platforms. Results A total of 873 participants were included in this study, consisting of 44.4% males and 55.6% females, with the majority being in the 18-29 age group. Most participants (79.8%) received two vaccine doses, with the Pfizer vaccine being the most common. Nearly half of the participants reported excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations were reported by a notable proportion of participants, but no significant differences were found among the vaccine types. Sleep attacks and fragmented nighttime sleep were associated with the number of vaccine doses received, suggesting a possible influence of the dose count on these symptoms. The presence of excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden loss of muscle tone, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations showed no significant association with the number of doses taken. Conclusion We hypothesize a possible link between COVID-19 vaccination and the emergence of narcolepsy symptoms in Jordanian individuals. Additional investigations and continuous monitoring to determine the extent of the risk and uncover potential mechanisms behind this connection should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Katatbeh
- Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Yazan Al-Mashakbeh
- Department of Ear Throat Nose, New Zarqa Governmental Hospital, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Freihat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hiba Gharam
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rahmeh Mohammad
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rahma Aldalki
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sadeen Eid
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reema Sharman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Princess Badea Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nizar Heissat
- Department of Anesthesia, Al Hussain New Salt Hospital, Salt, Jordan
| | | | - Ahmad Al-Shaibie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bashir Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Laith Khasawneh
- Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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7
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Zhang R, Hung IFN. Bivalent (Omicron BA.5/ancestral) recombinant spike protein vaccine: a promising booster. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:558-559. [PMID: 38460526 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administration Region, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administration Region, China.
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8
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Agarwal G, Moore S, Sadler R, Varghese S, Turner A, Chen LY, Larham J, Gray N, Carty O, Barrett J, Koshiaris C, Kothari J, Bowcock S, Oppermann U, Gamble V, Cook G, Kyriakou C, Drayson M, Basu S, McDonald S, McKinley S, Gooding S, Javaid MK, Ramasamy K. Longitudinal dynamics and clinically available predictors of poor response to COVID-19 vaccination in multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2024; 109:1960-1965. [PMID: 38268439 PMCID: PMC11141678 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Agarwal
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ross Sadler
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford
| | | | - Alison Turner
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | | | | | - Nathanael Gray
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | | | - Joe Barrett
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | | | | | | | - Udo Oppermann
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Vicky Gamble
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Gordon Cook
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | | | | | - Supratik Basu
- The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK; University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton
| | | | | | - Sarah Gooding
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK; MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine
| | - Muhammad K Javaid
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
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9
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Casado-Fernández G, Cantón J, Nasarre L, Ramos-Martín F, Manzanares M, Sánchez-Menéndez C, Fuertes D, Mateos E, Murciano-Antón MA, Pérez-Olmeda M, Cervero M, Torres M, Rodríguez-Rosado R, Coiras M. Pre-existing cell populations with cytotoxic activity against SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV and normal CD4/CD8 ratio previously unexposed to the virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362621. [PMID: 38812512 PMCID: PMC11133563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction HIV-1 infection may produce a detrimental effect on the immune response. Early start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended to preserve the integrity of the immune system. In fact, people with HIV (PWH) and normal CD4/CD8 ratio appear not to be more susceptible to severe forms of COVID-19 than the general population and they usually present a good seroconversion rate in response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. However, few studies have fully characterized the development of cytotoxic immune populations in response to COVID-19 vaccination in these individuals. Methods In this study, we recruited PWH with median time of HIV-1 infection of 6 years, median CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.0, good adherence to ART, persistently undetectable viral load, and negative serology against SARS-CoV-2, who then received the complete vaccination schedule against COVID-19. Blood samples were taken before vaccination against COVID-19 and one month after receiving the complete vaccination schedule. Results PWH produced high levels of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in response to vaccination that were comparable to healthy donors, with a significantly higher neutralization capacity. Interestingly, the cytotoxic activity of PBMCs from PWH against SARS-CoV-2-infected cells was higher than healthy donors before receiving the vaccination schedule, pointing out the pre-existence of activated cell populations with likely unspecific antiviral activity. The characterization of these cytotoxic cell populations revealed high levels of Tgd cells with degranulation capacity against SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. In response to vaccination, the degranulation capacity of CD8+ T cells also increased in PWH but not in healthy donors. Discussion The full vaccination schedule against COVID-19 did not modify the ability to respond against HIV-1-infected cells in PWH and these individuals did not show more susceptibility to breakthrough infection with SARS-CoV-2 than healthy donors after 12 months of follow-up. These results revealed the development of protective cell populations with broad-spectrum antiviral activity in PWH with normal CD4/CD8 ratio and confirmed the importance of early ART and treatment adherence to avoid immune dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiomar Casado-Fernández
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan Cantón
- PhD Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Ramos-Martín
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Manzanares
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Sánchez-Menéndez
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Fuertes
- School of Telecommunications Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Mateos
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases [Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)], Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Aranzazu Murciano-Antón
- Family Medicine, Centro de Salud Doctor Pedro Laín Entralgo, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- International PhD School, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Pérez-Olmeda
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases [Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)], Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Serology Service, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Cervero
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Torres
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases [Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)], Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Rosado
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Coiras
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases [Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)], Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Girl P, von Buttlar H, Mantel E, Antwerpen MH, Wölfel R, Müller K. Comparative Analysis of Vaccine-Induced Neutralizing Antibodies against the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:515. [PMID: 38793766 PMCID: PMC11126034 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected more than 660 million people and caused nearly seven million deaths worldwide. During the pandemic, a number of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were rapidly developed, and several are currently licensed for use in Europe. However, the optimization of vaccination regimens is still ongoing, particularly with regard to booster vaccinations. At the same time, the emergence of new virus variants poses an ongoing challenge to vaccine efficacy. In this study, we focused on a comparative analysis of the neutralization capacity of vaccine-induced antibodies against four different variants of concern (i.e., Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron) after two and three doses of COVID-19 vaccine. We were able to show that both two (prime/boost) and three (prime/boost/boost) vaccinations elicit highly variable levels of neutralizing antibodies. In addition, we did not observe a significant difference in antibody levels after two and three vaccinations. We also observed a significant decrease in the neutralization susceptibility of all but one SARS-CoV-2 variants to vaccine-induced antibodies. In contrast, a SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection between the second and third vaccination results in overall higher levels of neutralizing antibodies with a concomitant improved neutralization of all virus variants. Titer levels remained highly variable across the cohort but a common trend was observed. This may be due to the fact that at the time of this study, all licensed vaccines were still based exclusively on wild-type SARS-CoV-2, whereas infections were caused by virus variants. Overall, our data demonstrate the importance of (booster) vaccinations, but at the same time emphasize the need for the continued adaptation of vaccines to induce a protective immune response against virus variants in order to be prepared for future (seasonal) SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Girl
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (H.v.B.); (E.M.); (M.H.A.); (R.W.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Munich, 85784 Garching, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Heiner von Buttlar
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (H.v.B.); (E.M.); (M.H.A.); (R.W.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico Mantel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (H.v.B.); (E.M.); (M.H.A.); (R.W.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus H. Antwerpen
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (H.v.B.); (E.M.); (M.H.A.); (R.W.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Wölfel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (H.v.B.); (E.M.); (M.H.A.); (R.W.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Müller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (H.v.B.); (E.M.); (M.H.A.); (R.W.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80937 Munich, Germany
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11
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Al Busaidi BH, Al Riyami IM, Wazir HB, Al Zakwani IS. Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Adverse Drug Reactions Reported Among Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Staff. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2024; 24:216-220. [PMID: 38828249 PMCID: PMC11139364 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.1.2024.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to report any suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) experienced by all vaccinated staff and students in a tertiary teaching hospital following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods This retrospective study was conducted during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign at Sultan Qaboos University and Hospital in Muscat, Oman, from August to September 2021. An online survey was generated and sent to all staff and students via email and text messages. An announcement was made on the hospital website with a link to the survey. Results A total of 8,421 individuals reported being vaccinated at least once with a total of 11,468 doses administered from January to July 2021; 8,014 staff and students received the Pfizer-Biotech vaccine while 3,454 staff and students received the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. The survey received a total of 3,275 responses (response rate = 38.8%). Of these, 741 individuals (22.6%) experienced an ADR after vaccination and 67.2% (n = 498) were females (P <0.001). The majority of the ADRs reported were fever and chills (19.7%) followed by localised pain and swelling at the injection site (18.8%). Other ADRs such as hair loss (0.5%) were reported, and one staff/student reported a clot in the right leg. Among the responders, 27.0% considered their ADRs as mild while 25.0% considered them as severe. Conclusions In the study cohort, mild symptoms of COVID-19 vaccines were reported. Females experienced more ADRs compared to males. Long-term observation of ADRs to the vaccines and follow-up monitoring should be done on subjects to preclude any unwanted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra H. Al Busaidi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Intisar M. Al Riyami
- Department of Pharmacy, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hashim Ba Wazir
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ibrahim S. Al Zakwani
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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12
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Tang R, Wang L, Zhang J, Fei W, Zhang R, Liu J, Lv M, Wang M, Lv R, Nan H, Tao R, Chen Y, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Zhang H. Boosting the immunogenicity of the CoronaVac SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine with Huoxiang Suling Shuanghua Decoction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1298471. [PMID: 38633263 PMCID: PMC11021573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1298471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In light of the public health burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, boosting the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines is of great concern. Numerous Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations have shown to beneficially modulate immunity. Based on pilot experiments in mice that showed that supplementation with Huoxiang Suling Shuanghua Decoction (HSSD) significantly enhances serum anti-RBD IgG titers after inoculation with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD protein, we conducted this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the potential immunogenicity boosting effect of oral HSSD after a third homologous immunization with Sinovac's CoronaVac SARS-CoV-2 (CVS) inactivated vaccine. Methods A total of 70 participants were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive a third dose of CVS vaccination and either oral placebo or oral HSSD for 7 days. Safety aspects were assessed by recording local and systemic adverse events, and by blood and urine biochemistry and liver and kidney function tests. Main outcomes evaluated included serum anti-RBD IgG titer, T lymphocyte subsets, serum IgG and IgM levels, complement components (C3 and C4), and serum cytokines (IL-6 and IFN-γ). In addition, metabolomics technology was used to analyze differential metabolite expression after supplementation with HSSD. Results Following a third CVS vaccination, significantly increased serum anti-RBD IgG titer, reduced serum IL-6 levels, increased serum IgG, IgM, and C3 and C4 levels, and improved cellular immunity, evidenced by reduce balance deviations in the distribution of lymphocyte subsets, was observed in the HSSD group compared with the placebo group. No serious adverse events were recorded in either group. Serum metabolomics results suggested that the mechanisms by which HSSD boosted the immunogenicity of the CVS vaccine are related to differential regulation of purine metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, folate biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Conclusion Oral HSSD boosts the immunogenicity of the CVS vaccine in young and adult individuals. This trial provides clinical reference for evaluation of TCM immunomodulators to improve the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruying Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Fei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlian Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyu Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Lv
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haipeng Nan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Culebras E, Martínez M, Novella C, León JM, Marcos E, Delgado-Iribarren A, Ríos E. Cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 after natural infection and/or different vaccination regimens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1370859. [PMID: 38572317 PMCID: PMC10987831 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1370859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination according to the type of vaccine, number of doses and combination of vaccines. Methods Volunteer subjects were sampled between September 2021 and July 2022 in Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid (Spain). Participants had different immunological status against SARS-CoV-2: vaccinated and unvaccinated, with or without previous COVID-19 infection, including healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Determination of IgG against the spike protein S1 subunit receptor-binding domain (RBD) was performed by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) using the Architect i10000sr platform (Abbott). The SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses were assessed by quantification of interferon gamma release using QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay (Qiagen). Results A total of 181 samples were collected, 170 were from vaccinated individuals and 11 from unvaccinated. Among the participants, 41 were aware of having previously been infected by SARS-CoV-2. Vaccinated people received one or two doses of the following vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: ChAdOx1-S (University of Oxford-AstraZeneca) (AZ) and/orBNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech)(PZ). Subjects immunized with a third-booster dose received PZ or mRNA-1273 (Moderna-NIAID)(MD) vaccines. All vaccinees developed a positive humoral response (>7.1 BAU/ml), but the cellular response varied depending on the vaccination regimen. Only AZ/PZ combination and 3 doses of vaccination elicited a positive cellular response (median concentration of IFN- γ > 0.3 IU/ml). Regarding a two-dose vaccination regimen, AZ/PZ combination induced the highest humoral and cellular immunity. A booster with mRNA vaccine resulted in increases in median levels of IgG-Spike antibodies and IFN-γ as compared to those of two-dose of any vaccine. Humoral and cellular immunity levels were significantly higher in participants with previous infection compared to those without infection. Conclusion Heterologous vaccination (AZ/PZ) elicited the strongest immunity among the two-dose vaccination regimens. The immunity offered by the third-booster dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine depends not only on the type of vaccine administered but also on previous doses and prior infection. Previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens by infection strongly affect immunity of vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Culebras
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Instituto Medicina Laboratorio (IML), Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Martínez
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Instituto Medicina Laboratorio (IML), Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Novella
- Sala de extracciones, IML, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel León
- Sala de extracciones, IML, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Marcos
- Sala de extracciones, IML, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Delgado-Iribarren
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Instituto Medicina Laboratorio (IML), Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Ríos
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Instituto Medicina Laboratorio (IML), Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Sila T, Suriyaamorn W, Toh C, Rajborirug S, Surasombatpattana S, Thongsuksai P, Kongkamol C, Chusri S, Sornsenee P, Wuthisuthimethawee P, Chaowanawong R, Sangkhathat S, Ingviya T. Factors associated with the worsening of COVID-19 symptoms among cohorts in community- or home-isolation care in southern Thailand. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1350304. [PMID: 38572011 PMCID: PMC10987961 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1350304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate factors associated with time-to-referral due to worsening symptoms in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in southern Thailand. While underlying diseases have been evaluated to assess COVID-19 severity, the influence of vaccinations and treatments is also crucial. Methods A cohort of 8,638 patients quarantined in home or community isolation with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was analyzed. Survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazard ratio were employed to assess factors influencing time-toreferral. Results Age ≥ 60 years, neurologic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and human immunodeficiency virus infection were identified as significant risk factors for severe COVID-19 referral. Patients who received full- or booster-dose vaccinations had a lower risk of experiencing severe symptoms compared to unvaccinated patients. Notably, individuals vaccinated during the Omicron-dominant period had a substantially lower time-to-referral than those unvaccinated during the Delta-dominant period. Moreover, patients vaccinated between 1 and 6 months prior to infection had a significantly lower risk of time-to-referral than the reference group. Discussion These findings demonstrate early intervention in high-risk COVID-19 patients and the importance of vaccination efficacy to reduce symptom severity. The study provides valuable insights for guiding future epidemic management strategies and optimising patient care during infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanit Sila
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Health Science and Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wisanuwee Suriyaamorn
- Division of Digital Innovation and Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chanavee Toh
- Department of Health Science and Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Songyos Rajborirug
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Paramee Thongsuksai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Health Science and Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chanon Kongkamol
- Division of Digital Innovation and Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Phoomjai Sornsenee
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Prasit Wuthisuthimethawee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Raya Chaowanawong
- Faculty of Nursing, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thammasin Ingviya
- Division of Digital Innovation and Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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15
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Karuppannan M, Ming LC, Abdul Wahab MS, Mohd Noordin Z, Yee S, Hermansyah A. Self-reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among the public. J Pharm Policy Pract 2024; 17:2308617. [PMID: 38420042 PMCID: PMC10901186 DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2024.2308617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The safety, side effects and efficacy profile of COVID-19 vaccines remain subjects of ongoing concern among the public in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the types of adverse effects following immunisation with COVID-19 vaccines and the differences based on various types of COVID-19 vaccines to raise public awareness and reduce vaccine hesitancy among the public. Methods A total of 901 Malaysian adults (≥18 years) who received various COVID-19 vaccines were selected to participate in our cross-sectional study through an online survey between December 2021 and January 2022. Results A total of 814 (90.3%) of the participants reported ≥1 side effect following COVID-19 immunisation. Of these, the predominant symptoms were swelling at the injection site (n = 752, 83.5%), headache (n = 638, 70.8%), pain or soreness at the injection site (n = 628, 69.7%), fatigue or tiredness (n = 544, 60.4%), muscle weakness (n = 529, 58.7%) and diarrhea (n = 451, 50.1%). Recipients of the Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty ®) vaccine reported the highest number of adverse effects (n = 355, 43.6%), followed by mixed COVID-19 vaccines (n = 254, 31.2%), the Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-®[recombinant]) vaccine (n = 113, 13.9%) and the Sinovac (CoronaVac®) vaccine (n = 90, 11.1%). The study showed that individuals who reported significantly more side effects were of elderly age, female gender and high educational level [P value < 0.05]. Mixed COVID-19 vaccine recipients also reported significantly more local and systemic symptoms after the first dose and third dose when compared with other single vaccine recipients. Conclusion This study demonstrated the types of self-reported adverse effects following immunisation with single and mixed COVID-19 vaccines. These findings may provide the side effects of different COVID-19 vaccines with the hope of educating the public on the safety profiles of these vaccines and reducing vaccine hesitancy among the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmathi Karuppannan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Mohd Shahezwan Abdul Wahab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Zakiah Mohd Noordin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Shermaine Yee
- Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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16
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Mo H, Zhou MF, Lao EPL, Chan KK, Lai ON, Ho MI, Wong KW, Ho KM, Sio KT, Fong KL, Zhao YH, Cheang SI, Lo IL. The effects of Chinese proprietary medicine and vaccination on patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study in Macao. Chin Med 2024; 19:15. [PMID: 38263035 PMCID: PMC10807168 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is continuing to ravage globally and has resulted in a huge health and financial burden. Chinese proprietary medicines, such as Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) and Huoxiang Zhengqi (HXZQ) capsules, have been recommended for non-high-risk patients with COVID-19 in China. Based on this, we described the baseline information, using status of LHQW and HXZQ capsules and inoculation history of quarantined patients in the second half of 2022 in Macao. Additionally, we analyzed the underlying association among medicines administration, vaccination and COVID-19 indices, in order to explore novel clues for the regular control and prevention of local epidemic situation in the future. METHODS A total of 976 patients in Macao quarantine hotels from June to August 2022 were included in the present study, of which, 857 subjects were followed-up for prognosis evaluation. During quarantine, the baseline demographic information, including sex, age, BMI, occupation and personal habits were collected. Additionally, the inoculation history, medicine employment status and cycle threshold (Ct) values were also reported. We interviewed the patients for collection of their symptoms at the beginning and end of quarantine, as well as prognostic ones. Basic statistical description of baseline information, vaccination history and medication were displayed. Chi-squared test or with continuous correction test was employed for comparison of dichotomous data between two or multiple groups. Binary logistic regression was applied to reveal the correlation between potential risk factors and Ct values or prognosis symptoms. We also used Cox regression model to identify the effect of different types of vaccine products on Ct value altering rate. RESULTS Patients who were female (52.0%), engaged in service industry (31.8%), from Macao native (65.8%), never took physical exercises (33.6%) and preferred irritated diet (59.5%) enjoyed more dominant proportions. Over 80% of participants were inoculated and 74.6% of them chose inactivated COVID-19 vaccine produced by China National Biotech Group (CNBG). Participants used LHQW capsules accounted for 92.1% and the duration of medicating lasted for one to two weeks. All of the reported symptoms were significantly ameliorated after quarantine and the duration of quarantine was concentrated on 21 days. People with different age, sex, occupation and region had different choices of HXZQ administration and vaccination. Additionally, middle dose (4-5 boxes) of LHQW capsules exhibited evidently negative association with positive Ct values (adjusted, - 0.037 ± 0.19, p = 0.04). Two doses of CNBG and one dose of mRNA vaccine had obvious protective effect on reducing Ct positive rate (p = 0.041). Meanwhile, symptoms after quarantine were significantly positive correlated with those in prognosis (adjusted, 1.38 ± 0.18, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our study found that the administration of LHQW capsules was beneficial for Ct value turning negative, meanwhile, certain mixed inoculation may be the promoting factor to reduce the positive rate of Ct value. These findings provide data basis for the Chinese proprietary medicine treatment and mixed vaccination applying for prevention and control of local COVID-19 epidemic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mo
- Government of Macau SAR-Health Bureau, Edifício da Administração dos Serviços de Saúde, Rua Nova à Guia, no. 39, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Man-Fei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Edmundo Patricio Lopes Lao
- Government of Macau SAR-Health Bureau, Edifício da Administração dos Serviços de Saúde, Rua Nova à Guia, no. 39, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ka-Kei Chan
- Chinese Medicine Anti-Epidemic Team of the Health Bureau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - On-Na Lai
- Chinese Medicine Anti-Epidemic Team of the Health Bureau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Man-In Ho
- Chinese Medicine Anti-Epidemic Team of the Health Bureau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Kin-Wa Wong
- Chinese Medicine Anti-Epidemic Team of the Health Bureau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ka-Meng Ho
- Chinese Medicine Anti-Epidemic Team of the Health Bureau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Kin-Tim Sio
- Chinese Medicine Anti-Epidemic Team of the Health Bureau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Keng-Lam Fong
- Chinese Medicine Anti-Epidemic Team of the Health Bureau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yong-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
| | - Seng-Ip Cheang
- Government of Macau SAR-Health Bureau, Edifício da Administração dos Serviços de Saúde, Rua Nova à Guia, no. 39, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
| | - Iek-Long Lo
- Government of Macau SAR-Health Bureau, Edifício da Administração dos Serviços de Saúde, Rua Nova à Guia, no. 39, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
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Sarker P, Haq MA, Akhtar E, Roy AK, Hosen MB, Huda TMN, Akter S, Ahmed R, Chowdhury MR, Ferdous J, Vandenent M, Islam MZ, Zaman RU, Arifeen SE, Razzaque A, Raqib R. Serosurveillance among urban slum and non-slum populations immunized with COVID-19 vaccines in Bangladesh. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e14. [PMID: 38178722 PMCID: PMC10804132 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Using two rounds of serosurveillance, we aimed to observe the COVID-19 vaccination status and the dynamics of antibody responses to different vaccines among urban slum and non-slum populations of Bangladesh. Adults (>18 years) and children (10-17 years) were enrolled in March and October 2022. Data including COVID-19 vaccine types and dosage uptake were collected. SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-specific antibodies were measured in blood. The proportion of vaccinated children was significantly lower among slum than non-slum populations. Two doses of vaccines showed an increase in the level of anti-S-antibodies up to 2 months, followed by reduced levels at 2-6 months and a resurgence at 6-12 months. Children showed significantly higher anti-S-antibodies after two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine than adults; however, after 6 months, the level of antibodies declined in younger children (10 - < 12 years). In a mixed vaccine approach, mRNA vaccines contributed to the highest antibody response whether given as the first two doses or as the third dose. Our findings emphasized the need for increasing the coverage of COVID-19 vaccination among slum children and booster dosing among all children. The use of mRNA vaccines in the mixed vaccination approach was found to be useful in boosting the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protim Sarker
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahsanul Haq
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Evana Akhtar
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anjan Kumar Roy
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Biplob Hosen
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tarique Mohammad Nurul Huda
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharmin Akter
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Razu Ahmed
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Razib Chowdhury
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | - Shams-El Arifeen
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Razzaque
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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18
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Odak I, Riemann L, Sandrock I, Cossmann A, Ramos GM, Hammerschmidt SI, Ritter C, Friedrichsen M, Hassan A, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Stankov MV, Weskamm LM, Addo MM, Ravens I, Willenzon S, Schimrock A, Ristenpart J, Janssen A, Barros-Martins J, Hansen G, Falk C, Behrens GMN, Förster R. Systems biology analysis reveals distinct molecular signatures associated with immune responsiveness to the BNT162b COVID-19 vaccine. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104947. [PMID: 38160529 PMCID: PMC10792461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines display a large heterogeneity of induced immunity and the underlying immune mechanisms for this remain largely unknown. METHODS Using a systems biology approach, we longitudinally profiled a unique cohort of female high and low responders to the BNT162b vaccine, who were known from previous COVID-19 vaccinations to develop maximum and minimum immune responses to the vaccine. We utilized high dimensional flow cytometry, bulk and single cell mRNA sequencing and 48-plex serum cytokine analyses. FINDINGS We revealed early, transient immunological and molecular signatures that distinguished high from low responders and correlated with B and T cell responses measured 14 days later. High responders featured a distinct transcriptional activity of interferon-driven genes and genes connected to enhanced antigen presentation. This was accompanied by a robust cytokine response related to Th1 differentiation. Both transcriptome and serum cytokine signatures were confirmed in two independent confirmatory cohorts. INTERPRETATION Collectively, our data contribute to a better understanding of the immunogenicity of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, which might lead to the optimization of vaccine designs for individuals with poor vaccine responses. FUNDING German Center for Infection Research, German Center for Lung Research, German Research Foundation, Excellence Strategy EXC 2155 "RESIST" and European Regional Development Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Odak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Lennart Riemann
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Clinician Scientist Program TITUS, Else-Kröner-Fresenius Foundation, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Anne Cossmann
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Gema Morillas Ramos
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Hassan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Metodi V Stankov
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Leonie M Weskamm
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany; First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Anja Schimrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Clinician Scientist Program TITUS, Else-Kröner-Fresenius Foundation, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Center of Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Institute for Transplantation Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg M N Behrens
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Clinician Scientist Program TITUS, Else-Kröner-Fresenius Foundation, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany; German Center of Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Germany.
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19
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Shao H, Lin XQ, Chen Y, Lv L, Ying CQ, Tung TH, Zhu JS. Willingness of college students to receive COVID-19 heterologous vaccination in Taizhou, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2158012. [PMID: 36606519 PMCID: PMC9980617 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2158012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the willingness of college students to choose COVID-19 heterologous vaccination and its associated influencing factors in Taizhou, China. A population-based, self-administered online questionnaire was conducted from March 15 to 17, 2022. Of the 2,463 participants who had received the invitation, 1,821 responded to the survey (response rate = 73.9%). Only 14% (86/614) of those willing to receive a booster would chose a heterologous vaccination; the perception of better effectiveness of a COVID-19 heterologous vaccination booster was the significant factor (X2 = 22.671, p < .001). Additionally, female college students'older age (χ2 = 7.523, P = .023), major of medical (χ2 = 6.294, P = .012), and better perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 heterologous vaccination booster (χ2 = 22.659, P < .001), were more willing to receive heterologous booster doses. Chinese college students have a strong willingness to receive booster shots, but the percentage of those willing to receive a heterologous vaccine is only 14.0%, and the lack of understanding of its effectiveness is an important factor in the low proportion of heterologous vaccine selection. Health education, public health awareness, and the disclosure of heterologous vaccine information can help improve the public's understanding of heterologous vaccines and provide them with more choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen-Qian Ying
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Medical University, Wenzhou, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Ahmad T, Abdullah M, Mueed A, Sultan F, Khan A, Khan AA. COVID-19 in Pakistan: A national analysis of five pandemic waves. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281326. [PMID: 38157382 PMCID: PMC10756537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic showed distinct waves where cases ebbed and flowed. While each country had slight, nuanced differences, lessons from each wave with country-specific details provides important lessons for prevention, understanding medical outcomes and the role of vaccines. This paper compares key characteristics from the five different COVID-19 waves in Pakistan. METHODS Data was sourced from daily national situation reports (Sitreps) prepared by the National Emergency Operations Centre (NEOC) in Islamabad. We use specific criteria to define COVID-19 waves. The start of each COVID-19 wave is marked by the day of the lowest number of daily cases preceding a sustained increase, while the end is the day with the lowest number of cases following a 7-days decline, which should be lower than the 7 days following it. Key variables such as COVID-19 tests, cases, and deaths with their rates of change to the peak and then to the trough are used to draw descriptive comparisons. Additionally, a linear regression model estimates daily new COVID-19 deaths in Pakistan. RESULTS Pakistan saw five distinct waves, each of which displayed the typical topology of a complete infectious disease epidemic. The time from wave-start to peak became progressively shorter, and from wave-peak to trough, progressively longer. Each wave appears to also be getting shorter, except for wave 4, which lasted longer than wave 3. A one percent increase in vaccinations decreased deaths by 0.38% (95% CI: -0.67, -0.08) in wave 5 and the association is statistically significant. CONCLUSION Each wave displayed distinct characteristics that must be interpreted in the context of the level of response and the variant driving the epidemic. Key indicators suggest that COVID-19 preventive measures kept pace with the disease. Waves 1 and 2 were mainly about prevention and learning how to clinically manage patients. Vaccination started late during wave 3 and its impact on hospitalizations and deaths became visible in wave 5. The impact of highly virulent strains Alpha/B.1.1.7 and Delta/B.1.617.2 variants during wave 3 and milder but more infectious Omicron/B.1.1.529 during wave 5 are apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor Ahmad
- Research and Development Solutions, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Mueed
- Research and Development Solutions, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Sultan
- Ministry of National Health Services, Regulation and Coordination, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Akhter Hameed Khan Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Ahmad Khan
- Research and Development Solutions, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Ministry of National Health Services, Regulation and Coordination, Islamabad, Pakistan
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21
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Riefolo F, Castillo-Cano B, Martín-Pérez M, Messina D, Elbers R, Brink-Kwakkel D, Villalobos F, Ingrasciotta Y, Garcia-Poza P, Swart-Polinder K, Souverein P, Saiz LC, Bissacco CA, Leache L, Tari M, Crisafulli S, Grimaldi L, Vaz T, Gini R, Klungel O, Martín-Merino E. Effectiveness of homologous/heterologous booster COVID-19 vaccination schedules against severe illness in general population and clinical subgroups in three European countries. Vaccine 2023; 41:7007-7018. [PMID: 37858451 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Using 4 data-sources (Spain, Italy, United Kingdom) data and a 1:1 matched cohort study, we aimed to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections with hospitalisations (±30 days) and death (±56 days) in general population and clinical subgroups with homologous/heterologous booster schedules (Comirnaty-BNT and Spikevax-MOD original COVID-19 vaccines) by comparison with unboosted individuals, during Delta and beginning of Omicron variants. Hazard Ratio (HR, by Cox models) and VE ([1-HR]*100) were calculated by inverse probability weights. Between December 2020-February 2022, in adults without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, we matched 5.5 million people (>1 million with immunodeficiency, 343,727 with cancer) with a booster (3rd) dose by considering doses 1 and 2 vaccine brands and calendar time, age, sex, region, and comorbidities (immunodeficiency, cancer, severe renal disease, transplant recipient, Down Syndrome). We studied booster doses of BNT and MOD administered after doses 1 and 2 with BNT, MOD, or Oxford-AstraZeneca during a median follow-up between 9 and 16 weeks. BNT or MOD showed VE ranging from 70 to 86% across data sources as heterologous 3rd doses, whereas it was 42-88% as homologous 3rd doses. Depending on the severity and available follow-up, 3rd-dose effectiveness lasted between 1 and 5 months. In people with immunodeficiency and cancer, protection across data sources was detected with both heterologous (VE = 54-83%) and homologous (VE = 49-80%) 3rd doses. Overall, both heterologous and homologous 3rd doses with BTN or MOD showed additional protection against the severe effects of SARS-CoV-2 infections for the general population and for patients at potentially high risk of severe COVID-19 (elderly, people with immunodeficiency and cancer) in comparison with two doses schemes during Delta or early Omicron periods. The early VE after vaccination may be due to less testing among vaccinated pairs and unknown confounders, deserving cautious interpretation. The VE wane over time needs further in-depth research to properly envisage when or whether a booster of those vaccines should be administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Riefolo
- Teamit Institute, Partnerships, Barcelona Health Hub, Barcelona, Spain; VAccine Monitoring Collaboration for Europe, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Mar Martín-Pérez
- Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices-AEMPS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roel Elbers
- Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dorieke Brink-Kwakkel
- Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Felipe Villalobos
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ylenia Ingrasciotta
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Patrick Souverein
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Luis Carlos Saiz
- Unit of Innovation and Organization, Navarre Health Service, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlo Alberto Bissacco
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Leache
- Unit of Innovation and Organization, Navarre Health Service, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Lamiae Grimaldi
- l'Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Tiago Vaz
- Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa Gini
- VAccine Monitoring Collaboration for Europe, Brussels, Belgium; Agenzia Regionale di Sanita' Toscana, Florence, Italy
| | - Olaf Klungel
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa Martín-Merino
- VAccine Monitoring Collaboration for Europe, Brussels, Belgium; Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices-AEMPS, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Sepehrinia M, Nejat P, Baniyaghoub R. Impact of Actor's Initial State of Engagement in a Course of Action on Judgements of Post-decisional Regret and Joy: Revisiting Kahneman and Tversky (1982). THE SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 26:e27. [PMID: 37955114 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2023.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
According to the phenomenon commonly known as action effect and vastly replicated across the judgment and decision-making literature, more regret is associated with decisions resulting from action than inaction. Action vs. inaction, however, might either refer to change vs. no change or doing something vs. not doing something. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of this variation in operationalization of action-inaction on the strength of action effect, for both positive and negative outcomes, across four different domains of employment, finance, education, and health. This was an experimental scenario-based study (N = 215) with four between-subjects conditions varying in outcome valence and the actor's initial state as either engaged or non-engaged in a particular course of action. Action effect was found to be stronger with respect to the initially engaged than the initially non-engaged decision-maker (ηp2 = .04), indicating that action as change results in a stronger action effect than action as doing something. The effect of the initial state was also moderated by domain. In addition, we both replicated and went beyond prior empirical literature regarding the effect of outcome valence and domain on action effect, with our findings being mostly consistent across joy and regret. Findings are discussed in light of the norm theory and its key concept of normality and contribute to the literature on moderators of action effect.
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23
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Eybpoosh S, Biglari A, Sorouri R, Ashrafian F, Sadat Larijani M, Verez-Bencomo V, Toledo-Romani ME, Valenzuela Silva C, Salehi-Vaziri M, Dahmardeh S, Doroud D, Banifazl M, Mostafavi E, Bavand A, Ramezani A. Immunogenicity and safety of heterologous boost immunization with PastoCovac Plus against COVID-19 in ChAdOx1-S or BBIBP-CorV primed individuals. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011744. [PMID: 37910480 PMCID: PMC10619776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed at evaluation and comparison of PastoCovac Plus protein-subunit vaccine in parallel with ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca) and BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) in primarily vaccinated volunteers with two doses of ChAdOx1-S or BBIBP-CorV. MATERIALS AND METHODS 194 volunteers enrolled the study who were previously primed with 2 doses of ChAdOx1-S or BBIBP-CorV vaccines. They were divided into two heterologous regimens receiving a third dose of PastoCovac Plus, and two parallel homologous groups receiving the third dose of BBIBP-CorV or ChAdOx1-S. Serum samples were obtained just before and 4 weeks after booster dose. Anti-spike IgG and neutralizing antibodies were quantified and the conventional live-virus neutralization titer, (cVNT50) assay was done against Omicron BA.5 variant. Moreover, the adverse events data were recorded after receiving booster doses. RESULTS ChAdOx1-S/PastoCovac Plus group reached 73.0 units increase in anti-Spike IgG rise compared to the ChAdOx1-S/ ChAdOx1-S (P: 0.016). No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding neutralizing antibody rise (P: 0.256), indicating equivalency of both booster types. Adjusting for baseline titers, the BBIBP-CorV/PastoCovac Plus group showed 135.2 units increase (P<0.0001) in anti-Spike IgG, and 3.1 (P: 0.008) unit increase in mean rise of neutralizing antibodies compared to the homologous group. Adjustment for COVID-19 history, age, underlying diseases, and baseline antibody titers increased the odds of anti-Spike IgG fourfold rise both in the ChAdOx1-S (OR: 1.9; P: 0.199) and BBIBP CorV (OR: 37.3; P< 0.0001) heterologous groups compared to their corresponding homologous arms. The odds of neutralizing antibody fourfold rise, after adjustment for the same variables, was 2.4 (P: 0.610) for the ChAdOx1-S heterologous group and 5.4 (P: 0.286) for the BBIBP CorV heterologous groups compared to their corresponding homologous groups. All the booster types had the potency to neutralize BA.5 variant with no significant difference. The highest rate of adverse event incidence was recorded for ChAdOx1-S homologous group. CONCLUSIONS PastoCovac Plus booster application in primed individuals with BBIBP-CorV or ChAdOx1-S successfully increased specific antibodies' levels without any serious adverse events. This vaccine could be administrated in the heterologous regimen to effectively boost humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Eybpoosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Biglari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Sorouri
- IPI Directorate, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashrafian
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Dahmardeh
- Vaccination Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Doroud
- Quality Control Department, Production and research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Banifazl
- Iranian Society for Support of Patients with Infectious Disease, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Bavand
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amitis Ramezani
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Huang ST, Huang YS, Liu WD, Pan SC, Sun HY, Lien CE, Chen C, Hsieh SM. Immunogenicity and safety of heterologous mRNA-1273/MVC-COV1901 vaccination versus homologous mRNA1273 vaccination: A randomized, double-blind controlled study. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:1165-1173. [PMID: 37321955 PMCID: PMC10264237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE MVC-COV1901 is a protein vaccine based on the same SARS-CoV-2 strain used in mRNA vaccine mRNA-1273. Data are lacking on immunogenicity and safety of MVC-COV1901 as heterologous boost for people already received one dose of mRNA-1273. METHODS This is a randomized, double-blind trial that recruited adults aged 20-70 years who previously received a single dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine and were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a second dose with the homologous vaccine or protein-based MVC-COV1901 8-12 weeks after the first dose. The primary outcome was neutralizing antibody titers in terms of the geometric mean titer (GMT) 14 days after the second dose. Safety was assessed in all participants who received a dose of the study vaccine. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05079633). RESULTS From September 30 to November 5, 2021, 144 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to the MVC-COV1901 boost group (n = 72) or the mRNA-1273 boost group (n = 72). The neutralizing antibodies on Day 15 and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers on Day 15 and 29 of homologous mRNA-1273 were significantly higher than those of heterologous mRNA-1273/MVC-COV1901. Cellular immune responses were comparable in both groups. However, adverse events were much more frequent after the mRNA-1273 boost than after the MVC-COV1901 boost. CONCLUSION Our results show that heterologous boost with MVC-COV1901 yielded an inferior immunogenicity but significantly fewer adverse events, compared with homologous boost with mRNA-1273. In people experienced severe adverse events after prime dose of mRNA-1273, as well as in periods when the supply of mRNA-1273 is limited, MVC-COV1901 could serve as an acceptable alternative heterologous boost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ting Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Da Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ching Pan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Sun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-En Lien
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Charles Chen
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Min Hsieh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Schest S, Langer C, Stiegler Y, Karnuth B, Arends J, Stiegler H, Masetto T, Peter C, Grimmler M. Vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody response: the comparability of S1-specific binding assays depends on epitope and isotype discrimination. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257265. [PMID: 37965324 PMCID: PMC10641008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quantification of the SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response by serological immunoassays is critical for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, neutralizing antibody titers to the viral spike (S) protein have been proposed as a correlate of protection (CoP). The WHO established the First International Standard (WHO IS) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) (NIBSC 20/136) to harmonize binding assays with the same antigen specificity by assigning the same unitage in binding antibody units (BAU)/ml. Method In this study, we analyzed the S1-specific antibody response in a cohort of healthcare workers in Germany (n = 76) during a three-dose vaccination course over 8.5 months. Subjects received either heterologous or homologous prime-boost vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or three doses of BNT162b2. Antibodies were quantified using three anti-S1 binding assays (ELISA, ECLIA, and PETIA) harmonized to the WHO IS. Serum levels of neutralizing antibodies were determined using a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Binding assays were compared using Spearman's rank correlation and Passing-Bablok regression. Findings All assays showed good correlation and similar antibody kinetics correlating with neutralizing potential. However, the assays show large proportional differences in BAU/ml. ECLIA and PETIA, which detect total antibodies against the receptor- binding domain (RBD) within the S1 subunit, interact similarly with the convalescent plasma-derived WHO IS but differently with vaccine serum, indicating a high sensitivity to the IgG/IgM/IgA ratio. Conclusion All three binding assays allow monitoring of the antibody response in COVID-19-vaccinated individuals. However, the assay-specific differences hinder the definition of a common protective threshold in BAU/ml. Our results highlight the need for the thoughtful use of conversion factors and consideration of method-specific differences. To improve the management of future pandemics and harmonize total antibody assays, we should strive for reference material with a well-characterized Ig isotype composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schest
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claus Langer
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Yuriko Stiegler
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Bianca Karnuth
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Arends
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Hugo Stiegler
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Masetto
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- DiaSys Diagnostic Systems GmbH, Holzheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Peter
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Grimmler
- DiaSys Diagnostic Systems GmbH, Holzheim, Germany
- Institute for Biomolecular Research, Hochschule Fresenius gGmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Idstein, Germany
- DiaServe Laboratories GmbH, Iffeldorf, Germany
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Mathew DS, Pandya T, Pandya H, Vaghela Y, Subbian S. An Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Etiopathogenesis and Recent Developments in COVID-19 Vaccines. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1565. [PMID: 38002247 PMCID: PMC10669259 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has significantly impacted the health and socioeconomic status of humans worldwide. Pulmonary infection of SARS-CoV-2 results in exorbitant viral replication and associated onset of inflammatory cytokine storm and disease pathology in various internal organs. However, the etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is not fully understood. Currently, there are no targeted therapies available to cure COVID-19, and most patients are treated empirically with anti-inflammatory and/or anti-viral drugs, based on the disease symptoms. Although several types of vaccines are currently implemented to control COVID-19 and prevent viral dissemination, the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 that can evade the vaccine-induced protective immunity poses challenges to current vaccination strategies and highlights the necessity to develop better and improved vaccines. In this review, we summarize the etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and elaborately discuss various types of vaccines and vaccination strategies, focusing on those vaccines that are currently in use worldwide to combat COVID-19 or in various stages of clinical development to use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Susan Mathew
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 608204, India;
| | - Tirtha Pandya
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (T.P.); (H.P.); (Y.V.)
| | - Het Pandya
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (T.P.); (H.P.); (Y.V.)
| | - Yuzen Vaghela
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (T.P.); (H.P.); (Y.V.)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (T.P.); (H.P.); (Y.V.)
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Zhang Z, Wu S, Liu Y, Li K, Fan P, Song X, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Shang J, Zhang J, Xu J, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Fu K, Wang B, Hao M, Zhang G, Long P, Qiu Z, Zhu T, Liu S, Zhang Y, Shao F, Lv P, Yang Y, Zhao X, Sun Y, Hou L, Chen W. Boosting with an aerosolized Ad5-nCoV elicited robust immune responses in inactivated COVID-19 vaccines recipients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239179. [PMID: 37868993 PMCID: PMC10585368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has become the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant and exhibits immune escape to current COVID-19 vaccines, the further boosting strategies are required. Methods We have conducted a non-randomized, open-label and parallel-controlled phase 4 trial to evaluate the magnitude and longevity of immune responses to booster vaccination with intramuscular adenovirus vectored vaccine (Ad5-nCoV), aerosolized Ad5-nCoV, a recombinant protein subunit vaccine (ZF2001) or homologous inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) in those who received two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Results The aerosolized Ad5-nCoV induced the most robust and long-lasting neutralizing activity against Omicron variant and IFNg T-cell response among all the boosters, with a distinct mucosal immune response. SARS-CoV-2-specific mucosal IgA response was substantially generated in subjects boosted with the aerosolized Ad5-nCoV at day 14 post-vaccination. At month 6, participants boosted with the aerosolized Ad5-nCoV had remarkably higher median titer and seroconversion of the Omicron BA.4/5-specific neutralizing antibody than those who received other boosters. Discussion Our findings suggest that aerosolized Ad5-nCoV may provide an efficient alternative in response to the spread of the Omicron BA.4/5 variant. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=152729, identifier ChiCTR2200057278.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shipo Wu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kailiang Li
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yudong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xianwei Zhang
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jinghan Xu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohui Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jipeng Zhang
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kefan Fu
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Busen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Pengwei Long
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Qiu
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, China
| | - Shuling Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Fangze Shao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yufa Sun
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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Yoo J, Kim Y, Cha YM, Lee J, Jeong YJ, Kim SH, Maragakis LL, Lee S. Heterologous vaccination (ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2) induces a better immune response against the omicron variant than homologous vaccination. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1537-1543. [PMID: 37562081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has seen the emergence of numerous novel variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. In this study, we compared the efficacy of three different forms of immunization against the wild-type, delta, and omicron variants of the virus: two doses of the BNT or AZ vaccine (BNT/BNT or AZ/AZ) as homologous vaccination, three doses of AZ/AZ/BNT as heterologous vaccination, and naturally occurring immunization in severe COVID-19 cases. METHODS We collected serum samples from vaccine recipients (67 receiving BNT/BNT, 111 receiving AZ/AZ, and 18 receiving AZ/AZ/BNT) and 46 patients who were admitted to the hospital with severe COVID-19. Blood samples were taken one month after the last injection and the efficacy of the vaccination was determined using the surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), with a positive result defined as an inhibition rate of over 30%. Serum samples from COVID-19 patients were taken at various points during their hospitalization and tested for inhibition rates. RESULTS Our results indicated that there was no notable difference in the levels of neutralizing antibodies (nAb) in vaccine recipients and patients against the wild-type and delta variants. However, when it came to the omicron variant, the vaccine recipients had significantly lower nAb titers. Among the vaccine recipients, those who received a booster dose of BNT after their first two doses of AZ (AZ/AZ/BNT) demonstrated the highest level of protection against the omicron variant at 44.4%, followed closely by the COVID-19 patients. In analyzing the serial samples taken from hospitalized COVID-19 patients, we observed that their inhibition rates against the wild-type and delta variants improved over time, while the inhibition rate against the omicron variant decreased. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings suggest that heterologous booster vaccination after primary vaccination produces higher nAb titers and provides a higher level of protection against the omicron variant compared to primary vaccination alone. This protective effect was similar to that observed in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Yoo
- Laboratory medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younjeong Kim
- Division of Infectious diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yu Mi Cha
- Laboratory medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Laboratory medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Jeong
- Division of Infectious diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Si-Hyun Kim
- Division of Infectious diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lisa L Maragakis
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seungok Lee
- Laboratory medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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Chaiwong W, Takheaw N, Pata S, Laopajon W, Duangjit P, Inchai J, Pothirat C, Bumroongkit C, Deesomchok A, Theerakittikul T, Limsukon A, Tajarernmuang P, Niyatiwatchanchai N, Trongtrakul K, Chuensirikulchai K, Cheyasawan P, Liwsrisakun C, Kasinrerk W. Neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants by heterologous CoronaVac/ChAdOx-1 vaccination in elderly subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Vaccine 2023; 41:5901-5909. [PMID: 37599143 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 after receiving heterologous CoronaVac/ChAdOx-1 (CoVac/ChAd) vaccination in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are still limited. Therefore, we determined the neutralizing antibody (NAb) and T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 wild type (WT) and variants of concern (VOCs) in COPD patients. METHODS The levels of NAb as well as specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 WT and VOCs were determined in COPD patients before and after vaccination. RESULTS Four weeks after vaccinations, the median levels of % inhibition of NAb against SARS-CoV-2 WT, Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants were significantly higher compared to pre-vaccination. The induction of NAb against Omicron was very low compared to other variants. At four weeks after vaccination, in comparison to pre-vaccination, the increasing trend of TNF-α-, IFN-γ-, IL-4-, IL-17-, IL-10-, and FasL-producing CD4 T-cells upon stimulation with WT spike peptides were demonstrated. No difference in T-cell responses to spike peptides of Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants and their WT homologs was observed. CONCLUSION Heterologous CoVac/ChAd vaccine induced the production of NAb against SARS-CoV-2 WT, Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants, but low for Omicron in COPD patients. Induction of CD4 T-cell subset responses was slightly observed by this vaccine regimen. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY This study was approved by the Clinical Trials Registry (Study ID: TCTR20210822002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Warawut Chaiwong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuchjira Takheaw
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supansa Pata
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Witida Laopajon
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pilaiporn Duangjit
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Inchai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaicharn Pothirat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Bumroongkit
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Athavudh Deesomchok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Theerakorn Theerakittikul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Atikun Limsukon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattraporn Tajarernmuang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nutchanok Niyatiwatchanchai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Konlawij Trongtrakul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kantinan Chuensirikulchai
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Passaworn Cheyasawan
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chalerm Liwsrisakun
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Zhang R, Hung IFN. CS-2034 mRNA vaccine: a new option for COVID-19 infection? THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:986-987. [PMID: 37216959 PMCID: PMC10198675 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Administration Block 807, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Ferreira IATM, Lee CYC, Foster WS, Abdullahi A, Dratva LM, Tuong ZK, Stewart BJ, Ferdinand JR, Guillaume SM, Potts MOP, Perera M, Krishna BA, Peñalver A, Cabantous M, Kemp SA, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Ebrahimi S, Lyons P, Smith KGC, Bradley J, Collier DA, McCoy LE, van der Klaauw A, Thaventhiran JED, Farooqi IS, Teichmann SA, MacAry PA, Doffinger R, Wills MR, Linterman MA, Clatworthy MR, Gupta RK. Atypical B cells and impaired SARS-CoV-2 neutralization following heterologous vaccination in the elderly. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112991. [PMID: 37590132 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal responses to a primary vaccination course have been reported in the elderly, but there is little information regarding the impact of age on responses to booster third doses. Here, we show that individuals 70 years or older (median age 73, range 70-75) who received a primary two-dose schedule with AZD1222 and booster third dose with mRNA vaccine achieve significantly lower neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus compared with those younger than 70 (median age 66, range 54-69) at 1 month post booster. Impaired neutralization potency and breadth post third dose in the elderly is associated with circulating "atypical" spike-specific B cells expressing CD11c and FCRL5. However, when considering individuals who received three doses of mRNA vaccine, we did not observe differences in neutralization or enrichment in atypical B cells. This work highlights the finding that AdV and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine formats differentially instruct the memory B cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A T M Ferreira
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colin Y C Lee
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - William S Foster
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Abdullahi
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa M Dratva
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephane M Guillaume
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin O P Potts
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marianne Perera
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin A Krishna
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Peñalver
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mia Cabantous
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven A Kemp
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lourdes Ceron-Gutierrez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soraya Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Bradley
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dami A Collier
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Agatha van der Klaauw
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paul A MacAry
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark R Wills
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Chen WC, Hu SY, Shen CF, Chuang HY, Ker CR, Shen CJ, Cheng CM. COVID-19 Bivalent Booster in Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Antibody Response to Omicron BA.5, BQ.1, BF.7 and XBB.1.5 SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1425. [PMID: 37766102 PMCID: PMC10537670 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study was to investigate the effects of bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccination during pregnancy on neutralizing antibody (Nab) levels in maternal blood (MB), transplacental transmission in umbilical cord blood (CB), and efficacy against Omicron SARS-CoV-2 subvariants including BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1, and XBB.1.5. We collected MB and CB from 11 pregnant participants during baby delivery and detected Nab inhibition by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Nab inhibition was 89-94% in MB and 82-89% in CB for Omicron subvariants. Those receiving AZD1222 vaccines in previous monovalent vaccination demonstrated poorer maternal Nab inhibition of BA.5, BQ.1, and XBB.1.5 than others. Poorer maternal Nab inhibition of BA.5, BF.7, and BQ.1 was found in those receiving two-dose AZD1222 vaccinations than with either one or no AZD1222 vaccination. MB from those with infants weighing < 3100 g demonstrated better Nab inhibition of BF.7 than those > 3100 g (97.99 vs. 95.20%, p = 0.048), and there were also similar trends for Nab inhibition of BA.5 and BQ.1. No significant differences were seen in CB samples. Although diminished maternal Nab inhibition was seen in those with previous monovalent AZD1222 vaccination and heavier newborns, neonatal Nab inhibition was still strong after bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Ching-Fen Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Yu Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-R.K.)
| | - Chin-Ru Ker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-R.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ju Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-R.K.)
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Xing H, Liu C, Zha W, Dong S, Jiang Y, Li X. Enhanced immunogenicity induced by mRNA vaccines with various lipid nanoparticles as carriers for SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7454-7465. [PMID: 37448376 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00303e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have emerged as a highly promising approach for preventing cancer and infectious diseases, attributed to their superior immunogenicity, rapid development speed, and quality-controlled scale production. While homologous mRNA vaccine administration is currently the most prevalent method employed in clinical settings, heterologous administration is a promising avenue worth exploring. In this report, two types of mRNA vaccine formulations for SARS-CoV-2 infection were developed based on different lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems, and heterologous and homologous mRNA vaccinations were administered to explore the levels of immune responses comparatively. First, five novel H-series ionizable lipids were synthesized and confirmed by NMR and MS. Subsequently, six SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) mRNA-encapsulated LNP formulations were prepared using a microfluidic mixer based on H-series and MC3 lipids. These formulations exhibited spherical structures with an average diameter ranging from 90-140 nm, as characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The safety of these formulations was confirmed in vitro by the cytotoxicity assay. Moreover, transfection assay, lysosomal escape test, and western blot, and in vivo biodistribution analyses collectively demonstrated that lipids H03 and MC3 exhibited superior in vitro and in vivo delivery efficacy in comparison to other H-series lipids. Notably, H03-Fluc mRNA exhibited an approximately 2.2-fold higher in vivo bioluminescence signal intensity than MC3-Fluc mRNA. Additionally, evaluation of humoral immunity demonstrated that homologous H03-mRNA vaccination elicited an immune response that was approximately 3-fold higher than that of homologous MC3-mRNA vaccination. More significantly, the heterologous H03-mRNA/MC3-mRNA vaccination elicited an immune response that was approximately 2-3-fold higher than that of homologous H03-mRNA vaccination and 6-9-fold higher than that of homologous MC3-mRNA vaccination, without any observable adverse effects. These results suggest that heterologous mRNA vaccination is superior to homologous mRNA vaccination and may be attributed to differences in LNP carriers. Therefore, our research may inspire further exploration of different delivery systems to enhance mRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Hanlei Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Wenhui Zha
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Shuo Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Xinsong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
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34
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Samoud S, Bettaieb J, Gdoura M, Kharroubi G, Ben Ghachem F, Zamali I, Ben Hmid A, Salem S, Gereisha AA, Dellagi M, Hogga N, Gharbi A, Baccouche A, Gharbi M, Khemissi C, Akili G, Slama W, Chaieb N, Galai Y, Louzir H, Triki H, Ben Ahmed M. Immunogenicity of Mix-and-Match CoronaVac/BNT162b2 Regimen versus Homologous CoronaVac/CoronaVac Vaccination: A Single-Blinded, Randomized, Parallel Group Superiority Trial. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1329. [PMID: 37631897 PMCID: PMC10459159 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to compare the immunogenicity of the mix-and-match CoronaVac/BNT162b2 vaccination to the homologous CoronaVac/CoronaVac regimen. (2) Methods: We conducted a simple-blinded randomized superiority trial to measure SARS-CoV-2 neutralization antibodies and anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG concentrations in blood samples of participants who had received the first dose of CoronaVac vaccine followed by a dose of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccine. The primary endpoint for immunogenicity was the serum-neutralizing antibody level with a percentage of inhibition at 90% at 21-35 days after the boost. A difference of 25% between groups was considered clinically relevant. (3) Results: Among the 240 eligible participants, the primary endpoint data were available for 100 participants randomly allocated to the mix-and-match group versus 99 participants randomly allocated to the homologous dose group. The mix-and-match regimen elicited significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies (median level of 96%, interquartile range (IQR) (95-97) versus median level of 94%, IQR (81-96) and anti-spike IgG antibodies (median level of 13,460, IQR (2557-29,930) versus median level of 1190, IQR (347-4964) compared to the homologous group. Accordingly, the percentage of subjects with a percentage of neutralizing antibodies > 90% was significantly higher in the mix-and-match group (90.0%) versus the homologous (60.6%). Interestingly, no severe events were reported within 30 days after the second dose of vaccination in both groups. (4) Conclusions: Our data showed the superiority of the mix-and-match CoronaVac/BNT162b2 vaccination compared to the CoronaVac/CoronaVac regimen in terms of immunogenicity, thus constituting a proof-of-concept study supporting the use of inactivated vaccines in a mix-and-match strategy while ensuring good immunogenicity and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Samoud
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.S.); (I.Z.); (A.B.H.); (A.A.G.); (Y.G.); (H.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Bettaieb
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (J.B.); (G.K.); (S.S.); (M.D.); (A.G.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Mariem Gdoura
- Department of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (C.K.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ghassen Kharroubi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (J.B.); (G.K.); (S.S.); (M.D.); (A.G.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Feriel Ben Ghachem
- Vaccination Center of Ariana City, Ariana Regional Health Directorate, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (F.B.G.); (G.A.); (W.S.); (N.C.)
| | - Imen Zamali
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.S.); (I.Z.); (A.B.H.); (A.A.G.); (Y.G.); (H.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Ahlem Ben Hmid
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.S.); (I.Z.); (A.B.H.); (A.A.G.); (Y.G.); (H.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Sadok Salem
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (J.B.); (G.K.); (S.S.); (M.D.); (A.G.); (A.B.)
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Ahmed Adel Gereisha
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.S.); (I.Z.); (A.B.H.); (A.A.G.); (Y.G.); (H.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
| | - Mongi Dellagi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (J.B.); (G.K.); (S.S.); (M.D.); (A.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Nahed Hogga
- Department of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Adel Gharbi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (J.B.); (G.K.); (S.S.); (M.D.); (A.G.); (A.B.)
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Amor Baccouche
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (J.B.); (G.K.); (S.S.); (M.D.); (A.G.); (A.B.)
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Manel Gharbi
- Department of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (C.K.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Chadha Khemissi
- Department of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (C.K.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ghada Akili
- Vaccination Center of Ariana City, Ariana Regional Health Directorate, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (F.B.G.); (G.A.); (W.S.); (N.C.)
| | - Wissem Slama
- Vaccination Center of Ariana City, Ariana Regional Health Directorate, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (F.B.G.); (G.A.); (W.S.); (N.C.)
| | - Nabila Chaieb
- Vaccination Center of Ariana City, Ariana Regional Health Directorate, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (F.B.G.); (G.A.); (W.S.); (N.C.)
| | - Yousr Galai
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.S.); (I.Z.); (A.B.H.); (A.A.G.); (Y.G.); (H.L.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Hechmi Louzir
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.S.); (I.Z.); (A.B.H.); (A.A.G.); (Y.G.); (H.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Henda Triki
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
- Department of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Melika Ben Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.S.); (I.Z.); (A.B.H.); (A.A.G.); (Y.G.); (H.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
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35
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Andersson NW, Thiesson EM, Baum U, Pihlström N, Starrfelt J, Faksová K, Poukka E, Lund LC, Hansen CH, Aakjær M, Kjær J, Cohet C, Goossens M, Andersen M, Hallas J, Meijerink H, Ljung R, Hviid A. Comparative effectiveness of heterologous third dose vaccine schedules against severe covid-19 during omicron predominance in Nordic countries: population based cohort analyses. BMJ 2023; 382:e074325. [PMID: 37487623 PMCID: PMC10360027 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-074325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the comparative vaccine effectiveness of heterologous booster schedules (ie, three vaccine doses) compared with primary schedules (two vaccine doses) and with homologous mRNA vaccine booster schedules (three vaccine doses) during a period of omicron predominance. DESIGN Population based cohort analyses. SETTING Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, 27 December 2020 to 31 December 2022. PARTICIPANTS All adults aged ≥18 years who had received at least a primary vaccination schedule of AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) or monovalent SARS-CoV-2 wild type (ancestral) strain based mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna), in any combination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measure was country combined risks of covid-19 related hospital admission and death with covid-19 and additional outcomes of covid-19 related admission to an intensive care unit and SARS-CoV-2 infection. During a period of omicron predominance, these outcomes were compared in those who received a heterologous booster versus primary schedule (matched analyses) and versus those who received a homologous mRNA vaccine booster (weighted analyses). Follow-up was for 75 days from day 14 after the booster dose; comparative vaccine effectiveness was calculated as 1-risk ratio. RESULTS Across the four Nordic countries, 1 086 418 participants had received a heterologous booster schedule of AZD1222+BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 and 2 505 093 had received a heterologous booster schedule of BNT162b2+mRNA-1273. Compared with the primary schedule only (two doses), the vaccine effectiveness of heterologous booster schedules comprising AZD1222+BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2+mRNA-1273 was 82.7% (95% confidence interval 77.1% to 88.2%) and 81.5% (78.9% to 84.2%) for covid-19 related hospital admission and 95.9% (91.6% to 100.0%) and 87.5% (82.5% to 92.6%) for death with covid-19, respectively. Homologous mRNA booster schedules were similarly associated with increased protection against covid-19 related hospital admission (≥76.5%) and death with covid-19 (≥84.1%) compared with previous primary course vaccination only. When a heterologous booster schedule was compared with the homologous booster schedule, vaccine effectiveness was 27.2% (3.7% to 50.6%) for AZD1222+BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 and 23.3% (15.8% to 30.8%) for BNT162b2+mRNA-1273 schedules against covid-19 related hospital admission and 21.7% (-8.3% to 51.7%) and 18.4% (-15.7% to 52.5%) against death with covid-19, respectively. CONCLUSION Heterologous booster schedules are associated with increased protection against severe, omicron related covid-19 outcomes compared with primary course schedules and homologous booster schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulrike Baum
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicklas Pihlström
- Division of Licensing, Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jostein Starrfelt
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristýna Faksová
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eero Poukka
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Christian Lund
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Holm Hansen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Aakjær
- Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kjær
- Data Analytics Center, Danish Medicines Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Morten Andersen
- Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hallas
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hinta Meijerink
- Department of Infection Control and Vaccines, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rickard Ljung
- Division of Use and Information, Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hviid
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mera-Gallego R, León-Rodríguez L, Barreiro Juncal M, Pérez Molina L, Guisado Barral B, Busto Domínguez I, Andrés-Rodríguez NF, Fornos-Pérez JA. [Pharmacovigilance of vaccines against COVID-19 in community pharmacies. Results after the second dose and comparison between both]. FARMACEUTICOS COMUNITARIOS 2023; 15:5-16. [PMID: 39157697 PMCID: PMC11328522 DOI: 10.33620/fc.2173-9218.(2023).21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Aim Detection and tracing of suspicious adverse reactions (ARs) in community pharmacies after the second of COVID-19 vaccine dose. Comparison between doses. Methods Design: prospective observational study. Subjects Vaccinated against COVID-19, of legal age, who consent to participate. Variables Number and percentage of participants with ARs. Number, type and frequency of ARs. Impact on their daily life. Relations between variables.Approved by the Galician Ethical Committee of Research with medicines. Results 693 participants with the 2nd dose, 63.6% women. Age 56.8 years. 312 (45.0%) vaccinated, 49.4% women and 37.3% men (p<0.0001), reported at least one AR: 43.9% with Comirnaty®, 37.7% with Vaxzevria®, 63.0% with Spikevax®.There were 972 ARs, 75.2% in women and 24.8% in men (p<0.0001). Mean 1.4/vaccinated (maximum 11). The most prevalent AR: pain at injection site 197 (28.4%), tiredness/fatigue 141 (20.3%), myalgia 112 (16.2%), headache 95 (13.7%), fever 84 (12.1%).51 participants with ARs needed professional help: 10 from the doctor, 6 in the emergency room, 3 in hospitals (1 referral), 33 in the pharmacy. 70 (15.1%) were prevented from their daily activity. 201 Ars from vaccinated persons were reported.Number of people vaccinated with ARs and the number of ARs were less with the 2nd dose (p<0.05).Inverse relationship (p<0.05) between "age" and "number of vaccinated with ARs", "need for professional care" and "prevented daily activity". Conclusions The number of vaccinated participants with ARs and their number was also high with the second dose, although lower than with the first. Women and younger people are predictive of increased risk of AR after vaccination against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Mera-Gallego
- Farmacéutica comunitaria en VigoEspaña
- Grupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaGrupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaEspaña
| | - Laura León-Rodríguez
- Grupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaGrupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaEspaña
- Doctora en Farmacia. Farmacéutica comunitaria en Ourense.España
| | - Miriam Barreiro Juncal
- Farmacéutica comunitaria en VigoEspaña
- Grupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaGrupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaEspaña
| | - Laura Pérez Molina
- Farmacéutica comunitaria en VigoEspaña
- Grupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaGrupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaEspaña
| | - Bibiana Guisado Barral
- Grupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaGrupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaEspaña
- Farmacéutica comunitaria en Crecente (Pontevedra).CEspaña
| | - Iván Busto Domínguez
- Grupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaGrupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaEspaña
- Departamento técnico del Colegio Oficial de Farmacéuticos de PontevedraColegio Oficial de Farmacéuticos de PontevedraEspaña
| | - N. Floro Andrés-Rodríguez
- Grupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaGrupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaEspaña
- Doctor en FarmaciaFarmaciaEspaña
| | - José A. Fornos-Pérez
- Grupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaGrupo Berbés de Investigación y DocenciaEspaña
- Doctor en Farmacia. Farmacéutico comunitario en Cangas do Morrazo (Pontevedra)España
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Rocha VPC, Quadros HC, Fernandes AMS, Gonçalves LP, Badaró RJDS, Soares MBP, Machado BAS. An Overview of the Conventional and Novel Methods Employed for SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Measurement. Viruses 2023; 15:1504. [PMID: 37515190 PMCID: PMC10383723 DOI: 10.3390/v15071504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the pandemic that started in 2020. The virus enters the host cell through the interaction of its spike glycoprotein with the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on the host cell's surface. Antibodies present an important role during the infection and pathogenesis due to many reasons, including the neutralization of viruses by binding to different spike epitopes. Therefore, measuring the neutralizing antibody titers in the whole population is important for COVID-19's epidemiology. Different methods are described in the literature, and some have been used to validate the main vaccines used worldwide. In this review, we discuss the main methods used to quantify neutralizing antibody titers, their advantages and limitations, as well as new approaches to determineACE2/spike blockage by antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Pinto Costa Rocha
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Helenita Costa Quadros
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Antônio Márcio Santana Fernandes
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luana Pereira Gonçalves
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto José da Silva Badaró
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
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Luu B, McCoy-Hass V, Kadiu T, Ngo V, Kadiu S, Lien J. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Associated Infections. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT CLINICS 2023; 8:495-530. [PMID: 37197227 PMCID: PMC10015106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are some of the most common sources of respiratory illness in pediatric and adult populations worldwide. Influenza and coronaviruses are viral pathogens that could lead to severe respiratory illness and death. More recently, respiratory illness from coronaviruses, accounts for more than 1 million deaths in the United States alone. This article will explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Luu
- UC Davis Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, 2450 48th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Virginia McCoy-Hass
- UC Davis Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, 2450 48th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Teuta Kadiu
- UC Davis Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, 2450 48th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Victoria Ngo
- UC Davis Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, 2450 48th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sara Kadiu
- Partners Pharmacy, 181 Cedar Hill Road Suite 1610, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lien
- Walgreens, 227 Shoreline Highway, Mill Valley, CA 94941, USA
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Prayongrat A, Noppaving P, Chobarporn T, Sudhinaraset N, Teeyapun N, Pakvisal N, Jantarabenjakul W, Sophonphan J, Lertbutsayanukul C, Poovorawan Y. Safety and Immunogenicity of Homologous and Heterologous Adenoviral-Vectored and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens in Radiotherapy Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1135. [PMID: 37514951 PMCID: PMC10383644 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminished immune response after vaccination occurs in cancer patients. This observational study evaluated the immune response and safety profile after COVID-19 vaccination in radiotherapy patients. The study comprised 53 cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and voluntarily received the COVID-19 vaccine. The two regimens were homologous ChAdOx1-S recombinant (AstraZeneca, AZ), "AZ-AZ" and heterologous "AZ-mRNA". The seroconversion rate and anti-RBD immunoglobulin geometric mean titers (GMT) were assessed and compared with healthy controls. Adverse effects were assessed using a questionnaire. The seroconversion rate was 52.4% 1 month after the first dose with GMT 4.3 U/mL (95%CI 1.4-13). Following the second dose, the AZ-AZ group achieved 95% seroconversion rate with GMT = 188.4 U/mL (95%CI 67.1-529), which was significantly lower than the healthy cohort, GMT = 945 U/mL (95%CI 708-1261). Cancer patients in AZ-mRNA group achieved a 100% seroconversion rate with a high GMT = 1400.8 U/mL (95%CI 429.5-4566), which was significantly lower than the healthy cohort, GMT = 5169.9 U/mL (95%CI 3582.2-7461.5). Most adverse effects were mild. Our findings suggest that radiotherapy patients had fair immunogenicity after the first dose, but achieved a high seroconversion rate after the second dose with manageable adverse effects. However, their immunologic response was lower than in healthy individuals, indicating that other preventive strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anussara Prayongrat
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Patjaya Noppaving
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thitiporn Chobarporn
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nattaya Teeyapun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nussara Pakvisal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Watsamon Jantarabenjakul
- Center of Excellence for Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Chawalit Lertbutsayanukul
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Augustyniak A, Szymański T, Porzucek F, Mieloch AA, Semba JA, Hubert KA, Grajek D, Krela R, Rogalska Z, Zalc-Budziszewska E, Wysocki S, Sobczak K, Kuczyński L, Rybka JD. A cohort study reveals different dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody formation after Comirnaty and Vaxzevria vaccination. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00665-5. [PMID: 37407407 PMCID: PMC10284451 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease Pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of people worldwide, prompting a collective effort from the global scientific community to develop a vaccine against it. This study purports to investigate the influence of factors such as sex, age, type of vaccination (Comirnaty, BNT162b2, Pfizer Inc. or Vaxzevria, ChAdOx1-S, Oxford/AstraZeneca), and time since vaccine administration on the process of antibody production. Both of them are based on the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein) to the body using different mechanisms (mRNA and recombinant adenovirus, respectively). S protein is responsible for host cell attachment and penetration via its receptor-binding domain (RBD domain). The level of anti-RBD IgG antibodies was tested with an ELISA-based immunodiagnostic assay in serum samples from a total of 1395 patients at 3 time points: before vaccination, after the first dose, and after the second dose. Our novel statistical model, the Generalized Additive Model, revealed variability in antibody production dynamics for both vaccines. Interestingly, no discernible variation in antibody levels between men and women was found. A nonlinear relationship between age and antibody production was observed, characterized by decreased antibody levels for people up to 30 and over 60 years of age, with a lack of correlation in the middle age range. Collectively, our findings further the understanding of the mechanism driving vaccine-induced immunity. Additionally, we propose the Generalized Additive Model as a standardized way of presenting data in similar research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Augustyniak
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szymański
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Filip Porzucek
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Aron Mieloch
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Anna Semba
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Anna Hubert
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Grajek
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Krela
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rogalska
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Zalc-Budziszewska
- Provincial Specialist Complex of Healthcare Institutions of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Wolica 113, 62-872 Godziesze Małe, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wysocki
- Provincial Specialist Complex of Healthcare Institutions of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Wolica 113, 62-872 Godziesze Małe, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sobczak
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Dalibor Rybka
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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Chu C, Schönbrunn A, Fischer D, Liu Y, Hocher JG, Weinerth J, Klemm K, von Baehr V, Krämer BK, Elitok S, Hocher B. Immune response of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost regimens with adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1187880. [PMID: 37377957 PMCID: PMC10291065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to rare but major adverse reactions to the AstraZeneca adenoviral ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 vaccine (ChAd), German health authorities recommended adults under 60 who received one dose of ChAd, to receive a second dose of the BioNTech mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine (BNT) as a booster. Studies in the general population suggest an enhanced efficacy of the heterologous (ChAd-BNT) compared to the homologous (BNT-BNT) vaccination regimen. However, an analysis of the efficacy in patient populations with a high risk of severe COVID-19 due to acquired immunodeficiency is still missing. We therefore compared both vaccination regimens in healthy controls, patients with gynecological tumors after chemotherapy, patients on dialysis and patients with rheumatic diseases concerning the humoral and cellular immune response. The humoral and cellular immune response differed substantially in healthy controls compared to patients with acquired immunodeficiency. Overall, the most significant differences between the two immunization regimens were found in neutralizing antibodies. These were always higher after a heterologous immunization. Healthy controls responded well to both vaccination regimens. However, the formation of neutralizing antibodies was more pronounced after a heterologous immunization. Dialysis patients, on the other hand, only developed an adequate humoral and particularly cellular immune response after a heterologous immunization. Tumor and rheumatic patients also - to a weaker extent compared to dialysis patients - benefited from a heterologous immunization. In conclusion, the heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens (ChAd-BNT) seem to have an advantage over the homologous vaccination regimens, especially in immunocompromised patients such as patients with end-stage kidney disease treated with hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chu
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Schönbrunn
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Diagnostics (IMD) Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Fischer
- Department of Obstetrics, Ernst Von Bergmann Hospital Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yvonne Liu
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann-Georg Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jutta Weinerth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Ernst Von Bergmann Hospital Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kristin Klemm
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Ernst Von Bergmann Hospital Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Volker von Baehr
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Diagnostics (IMD) Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience ECAS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPDBW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Saban Elitok
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Ernst Von Bergmann Hospital Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Diagnostics (IMD) Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust Investment Corporation (CITIC)-Xiangya, Changsha, China
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Yoon D, Jeon HL, Noh Y, Choe YJ, Choe SA, Jung J, Shin JY. A Nationwide Survey of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccinee's Experiences on Adverse Events and Its Associated Factors. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e170. [PMID: 37272559 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been distributed worldwide under emergency use authorization, the real-world safety profiles of mRNA vaccines still need to be clearly defined. We aimed to identify the overall incidence and factors associated with adverse events (AEs) following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS We conducted web-based survey from December 2 to 10 in 2021 with a 2,849 nationwide sampled panel. Study participants were individuals who had elapsed at least two-weeks after completing two dosing schedules of COVID-19 vaccination aged between 18-49 years. We weighted the participants to represent the Korean population. The outcome was the overall incidence of AEs following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors. We estimated the weighted odds ratios (ORs) using multivariable logistic regression models to identify the factors associated with AEs. RESULTS Of the 2,849 participants (median [interquartile range] age, 35 [27-42] years; 51.6% male), 90.8% (n = 2,582) for the first dose and 88.7% (n = 2,849) for the second dose reported AEs, and 3.3% and 4.3% reported severe AEs, respectively. Occurrence of AEs was more prevalent in mRNA-1273 (OR, 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-2.67 vs. BNT162b2), female sex (1.88; 1.52-2.32), and those with dermatologic diseases (2.51; 1.32-4.77). History of serious allergic reactions (1.96; 1.06-3.64) and anticoagulant medication use (4.72; 1.92-11.6) were associated with severe AEs. CONCLUSION Approximately 90% of participants reported AEs following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Substantial factors, including vaccine type (mRNA-1273), female sex, and dermatologic diseases were associated with AEs. Our findings could aid policymakers in establishing vaccination strategies tailored to those potentially susceptible to AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Yoon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ha-Lim Jeon
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yunha Noh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Choe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehun Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
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Casella M, Conti S, Compagnucci P, Ribatti V, Narducci ML, Marcon L, Massara F, Valeri Y, De Francesco L, Martino AM, Ghiglieno C, Schiavone M, Balla C, Dell'Era G, Pelargonio G, Forleo GB, Iacopino S, Sgarito G, Calò L, Tondo C, Russo AD, Patti G. Incidence of ventricular arrhythmias related to COVID infection and vaccination in patients with Brugada syndrome: Insights from a large Italian multicenter registry based on continuous rhythm monitoring. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2023; 34:1386-1394. [PMID: 37194742 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brugada syndrome (BrS) has a dynamic ECG pattern that might be revealed by certain conditions such as fever. We evaluated the incidence and management of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) related to COVID-19 infection and vaccination among BrS patients carriers of an implantable loop recorder (ILR) or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and followed by remote monitoring. METHODS This was a multicenter retrospective study. Patients were carriers of devices with remote monitoring follow-up. We recorded VAs 6 months before COVID-19 infection or vaccination, during infection, at each vaccination, and up to 6-month post-COVID-19 or 1 month after the last vaccination. In ICD carriers, we documented any device intervention. RESULTS We included 326 patients, 202 with an ICD and 124 with an ILR. One hundred and nine patients (33.4%) had COVID-19, 55% of whom developed fever. Hospitalization rate due to COVID-19 infection was 2.76%. After infection, we recorded only two ventricular tachycardias (VTs). After the first, second, and third vaccines, the incidence of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) was 1.5%, 2%, and 1%, respectively. The incidence of VT was 1% after the second dose. Six-month post-COVID-19 healing or 1 month after the last vaccine, we documented NSVT in 3.4%, VT in 0.5%, and ventricular fibrillation in 0.5% of patients. Overall, one patient received anti-tachycardia pacing and one a shock. ILR carriers had no VAs. No differences were found in VT before and after infection and before and after each vaccination. CONCLUSIONS From this large multicenter study conducted in BrS patients, followed by remote monitoring, the overall incidence of sustained VAs after COVID-19 infection and vaccination is relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Casella
- Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sergio Conti
- Department of Electrophysiology, ARNAS Civico - Di Cristina - Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Compagnucci
- Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Massara
- Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Yari Valeri
- Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca De Francesco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Ghiglieno
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Balla
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, FE, Italy
| | - Gabriele Dell'Era
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Gemma Pelargonio
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Sgarito
- Department of Electrophysiology, ARNAS Civico - Di Cristina - Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Leonardo Calò
- Department of Cardiology, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgery and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Dello Russo
- Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Patti
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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van der Boor SC, Schmitz-de Vries ETJ, Smits D, Scholl JHG, Rolfes L, van Hunsel F. Spontaneously reported adverse events following COVID-19 basic and booster immunizations in the Netherlands. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00614-X. [PMID: 37286408 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rapid roll-out of novel COVID-19 vaccines made near real-time post-marketing safety surveillance essential to identify rare and long-term adverse events following immunization (AEFIs). In light of the ongoing booster vaccination campaigns, it is key to monitor changes in observed safety patterns post-vaccination. The effect of sequential COVID-19 vaccinations, as well as heterologous vaccination sequences, on the observed post-vaccination safety pattern, remains largely unknown. METHODS The primary objective of this study was to describe the profile of spontaneously reported AEFIs following COVID-19 vaccination in the Netherlands, including the primary and booster series. Reports from consumers and healthcare professionals were collected via a COVID-19 vaccine-tailored online reporting form by the National Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb (Lareb) between 6 January 2021 and 31 August 2022. The data were used to describe the most frequently reported AEFIs per vaccination moment, the consumer experienced burden per AEFI, and differences in AEFIs reported for homologous and heterologous vaccination sequences. RESULTS Lareb received 227,884 spontaneous reports over a period of twenty months. Overall, a high degree of similarity in local and systemic AEFIs per vaccination moment was observed, with no apparent change in the number of reports of serious adverse events after multiple COVID-19 vaccinations. No differences in the pattern of reported AEFIs per vaccination sequence was observed. CONCLUSION Spontaneous reported AEFIs demonstrated a similar reporting pattern for homologous and heterologous primary and booster series of COVID-19 vaccination in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia C van der Boor
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Else T J Schmitz-de Vries
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Dennis Smits
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Joep H G Scholl
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Leàn Rolfes
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Florence van Hunsel
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
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45
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Park SK, Choe YJ, Jang EJ, Kim RK, Lee SW, Kwon GY, Shin J, Choi SY, Jeong MJ, Park YJ. Effectiveness of Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccine Booster in Korean Elderly Population, 2022. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e143. [PMID: 37191847 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a cohort study to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine combinations on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 critical infection and death among elderly population in Korea. From January to August 2022, VE against death for 4 doses mRNA recipients was 96.1%, whereas 1-dose viral vector + 3-dose mRNA recipients had VE of 90.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young June Choe
- Korea University Anam Hospital and Allergy and Immunology Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jang
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ryu Kyung Kim
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Geun-Yong Kwon
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Shin
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Choi
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mi Jin Jeong
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Park
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.
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Mahboob T, Ismail AA, Shah MR, Rahmatullah M, Paul AK, Pereira MDL, Wiart C, Wilairatana P, Rajagopal M, Dolma KG, Nissapatorn V. Development of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Challenges and Prospects. Diseases 2023; 11:64. [PMID: 37092446 PMCID: PMC10123684 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The WHO declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic in March 2020, which was caused by novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 made its first entry into the world in November 2019, and the first case was detected in Wuhan, China. Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome distressed life in almost every discipline by the extended production of novel viral variants. In this article, authorized SARS-CoV-2 vaccines including mRNA vaccines, DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, viral vector vaccine, live attenuated virus vaccines and mix and match vaccines will be discussed based on their mechanism, administration, storage, stability, safety and efficacy. The information was collected from various journals via electronic searches including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and the WHO platform. This review article includes a brief summary on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, mutant variants and management strategies related to COVID-19. Due to the continuous production and unsatisfactory understanding of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2, it is important to design an effective vaccine along with long-lasting protection against variant strains by eliminating the gaps through practical and theoretical knowledge. Consequently, it is mandatory to update the literature through previous and ongoing trials of vaccines tested among various ethnicities and age groups to gain a better insight into management strategies and combat complications associated with upcoming novel variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Mahboob
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Amni Adilah Ismail
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia, Sabah 88400, Malaysia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Karma G. Dolma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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Terada-Hirashima J, Takamatsu Y, Shimizu Y, Uemura Y, Takeuchi JS, Tomita N, Matsuda K, Maeda K, Yamamoto S, Fukunaga A, Ohmagari N, Mikami A, Sonoda K, Ujiie M, Mitsuya H, Sugiura W. Immunogenicity and safety of single booster dose of KD-414 inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in adults: An open-label, single-center, non-randomized, controlled study in Japan. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2193074. [PMID: 37052247 PMCID: PMC10114994 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2193074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) induce effective immune responses, vaccination with booster doses is necessary because of waning immunity. We conducted an open-label, non-randomized, single-arm study in adults in Japan to assess the immunogenicity and safety of a single booster dose of the KD-414 purified whole-SARS-CoV-2-virion inactivated vaccine candidate after vaccination with a primary series of BNT162b2. The primary endpoint was serum neutralizing activity at 7 days after booster injection compared with the primary series of BNT162b2. The SARS-CoV-2-structural protein-binding antibody level and T cell response against SARS-CoV-2-Spike (S) peptides were also examined as secondary endpoints, and safety profile assessments were conducted. Twenty subjects who participated in a previous study declined an injection of KD-414 (non-KD-414 group) and received a booster dose of BNT162b2 instead. The non-KD-414 group was compared to the KD-414 group as a secondary outcome. A single dose of KD-414 induced lower serum neutralizing activity against the wild-type virus within 7 days compared to after the primary series of BNT162b2 but significantly induced anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-receptor-binding domain-binding immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and SARS-CoV-2-S peptide-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Local or systemic symptoms were significantly lower in the participants who received KD-414 than in those who received BNT162b2 as the third COVID-19 vaccine dose. The present data indicate that a single booster dose of KD-414 induces a substantial immune response in BNT162b2-primed individuals and has a good safety profile, thereby supporting further clinical trials to identify rational targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Terada-Hirashima
- Department of Clinical Research Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimizu
- Department of Data Science, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Uemura
- Department of Data Science, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko S Takeuchi
- Department of Academic-Industrial Partnerships Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Tomita
- Department of Clinical Research Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouki Matsuda
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Fukunaga
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Mikami
- Department of Clinical Research Promotion, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Sonoda
- Development Department, KM Biologics Co. Ltd, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mugen Ujiie
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Sugiura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tarrés-Freixas F, Aguilar-Gurrieri C, Rodríguez de la Concepción ML, Urrea V, Trinité B, Ortiz R, Pradenas E, Blanco P, Marfil S, Molinos-Albert LM, Barajas A, Pons-Grífols A, Ávila-Nieto C, Varela I, Cervera L, Gutiérrez-Granados S, Segura MM, Gòdia F, Clotet B, Carrillo J, Blanco J. An engineered HIV-1 Gag-based VLP displaying high antigen density induces strong antibody-dependent functional immune responses. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:51. [PMID: 37024469 PMCID: PMC10077320 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen display on the surface of Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) improves immunogenicity compared to soluble proteins. We hypothesised that immune responses can be further improved by increasing the antigen density on the surface of VLPs. In this work, we report an HIV-1 Gag-based VLP platform engineered to maximise the presence of antigen on the VLP surface. An HIV-1 gp41-derived protein (Min), including the C-terminal part of gp41 and the transmembrane domain, was fused to HIV-1 Gag. This resulted in high-density MinGag-VLPs. These VLPs demonstrated to be highly immunogenic in animal models using either a homologous (VLP) or heterologous (DNA/VLP) vaccination regimen, with the latter yielding 10-fold higher anti-Gag and anti-Min antibody titres. Despite these strong humoral responses, immunisation with MinGag-VLPs did not induce neutralising antibodies. Nevertheless, antibodies were predominantly of an IgG2b/IgG2c profile and could efficiently bind CD16-2. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MinGag-VLP vaccination could mediate a functional effect and halt the progression of a Min-expressing tumour cell line in an in vivo mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Tarrés-Freixas
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Victor Urrea
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Benjamin Trinité
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raquel Ortiz
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Edwards Pradenas
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pau Blanco
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia (CMCiB), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sílvia Marfil
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Molinos-Albert
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Barajas
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Pons-Grífols
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Ávila-Nieto
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ismael Varela
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel•lular i Bioprocessos, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sònia Gutiérrez-Granados
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel•lular i Bioprocessos, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Mercedes Segura
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel•lular i Bioprocessos, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel•lular i Bioprocessos, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain.
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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49
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Laham G, Martínez AP, Rojas Gimenez W, Amaya L, Abib A, Echegoyen N, Díaz C, Lucero A, Martelli A, Videla C, Neukam K, Di Lello FA. Assessment of the humoral response to the homologous Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) or heterologous Sputnik V/mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in dialysis patients. J Nephrol 2023; 36:861-872. [PMID: 36152219 PMCID: PMC9510528 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Dialysis patients are a high-risk population and have a reduced immune response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to assess the humoral response to homologous Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) and heterologous Sputnik V/mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccination in dialysis patients. The vaccination scheme depended on dose availability and the prioritization of risk populations as established by the Argentine Ministry of Health. METHODS Previous COVID-19 infection was determined in symptomatic patients. Binding IgG antibodies against the spike (S) receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-S-RBD) concentration was assessed between 3 and 16 weeks after the boost dose. Anti-S-RBD antibodies were quantified using the Abbott Diagnostics SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) on an Architect i2000 SR and an Alinity I analyzer (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA). To standardize the results to WHO binding antibody units (BAU), a correction factor for Abbott arbitrary units (AU) was applied where 1 BAU/mL equals 0.142 AU, as previously established by Abbott with the WHO international standard NIBSC 20-136. Following the manufacturer's recommendations, samples were considered reactive for anti-S-RBD when titers were above 50 AU/mL (7.2 BAU/mL). An 80% protective effect (PROT-80) against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was assumed when anti-S-RBD titers were 506 BAU/ml or higher. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score was classified as mild = 1-2, moderate = 3-4, and severe ≥ 5. Side effects were evaluated until day 7 by patients´ self-reported questionnaire. RESULTS One hundred seven participants were enrolled [n = 84 homologous (SpV/SpV), nn 23 heterologous (SpV/Mod)]. Median (IQR) age was 64 (50-75) years old and 79 (73.8%) were male. Additionally, 19 (22.6%) of the SpV/SpV and 4 (17.4%) of the SpV/Mod group had a prior confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.589). In the overall population, 103 patients reached seroconversion (96.3%). Anti-S-RBD IgG median titers (IQR) were higher in the heterologous [1222 (288-5680) BAU/mL] than in the homologous scheme [447 (100-1551) BAU/mL], p = 0.022. In a linear model adjusted for age, gender, days from first vaccination to boost dose and days from the boost dose to the anti-S-RBD IgG determination, previous SARS-COV-2 infection (B: 2062.2; CI95: 1231.8-2892.6; p < 0.001), and SpV/Mod vaccination scheme (B: 1294.6; CI95: 435.58-2147.6; p = 0.003) were independently associated with anti-S-RBD levels. Finally, a higher frequency of adverse effects was associated with the heterologous scheme, although they were well tolerated by all individuals. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that the homologous SpV/SpV and heterologous SpV/Mod schemes showed good efficacy and safety in patients on chronic dialysis. These results could be useful for designing future vaccination strategies, especially aimed at this risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Laham
- Neprhology Section, Department of Medicine, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno "CEMIC", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo P Martínez
- Virology Section, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno "CEMIC", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Wanda Rojas Gimenez
- Neprhology Section, Department of Medicine, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno "CEMIC", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Amaya
- Virology Section, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno "CEMIC", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anabel Abib
- Neprhology Section, Department of Medicine, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno "CEMIC", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Echegoyen
- Virology Section, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno "CEMIC", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Díaz
- Neprhology Section, Department of Medicine, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno "CEMIC", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Lucero
- Virology Section, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno "CEMIC", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonella Martelli
- Virology Section, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno "CEMIC", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Videla
- Virology Section, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno "CEMIC", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karin Neukam
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, UCEIMP, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avenida Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain.
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
| | - Federico Alejandro Di Lello
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 4º piso, (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Tabatabaeifar S, Vestergaard JM, Würtz ET, Hansen KK, Nielsen KJ, Schlünssen V, Kolstad HA. Systemic reactogenicity following homologues and heterologous prime-boost AZD1222 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination of 2862 healthcare workers compared with an unvaccinated population. Vaccine X 2023; 13:100280. [PMID: 36945661 PMCID: PMC10010832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During spring 2021, AZD1222 and BNT162b2 were used as prime and BNT162b2 as booster COVID-19 vaccines in Denmark. We obtained self-reported information on systemic reactogenicity day-by-day during two weeks for 2862 healthcare workers vaccinated with heterologous AZD1222 + BNT162b2 or homologous BNT162b2 + BNT162b2 regimens and compared prevalences of symptoms with unvaccinated healthcare workers. We found comparable systemic reactogenicity during the first week in the two vaccine regimens and no reactogenicity during the second week. Most of the symptoms returned to a level equal to the control population four days after booster vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorosh Tabatabaeifar
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper M Vestergaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Else T Würtz
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karoline K Hansen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kent J Nielsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Goedstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Environment, Work and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik A Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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