1
|
Campos-Sánchez JC, Guardiola FA, Esteban MÁ. Serum proteinogram of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) as a new useful approach for detecting loss of haemostasis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109699. [PMID: 38876410 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Proteinograms, a semiquantitative analytical method that separates proteins into multiple bands, have not been explored in teleosts for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. This study aimed to establish reference values for proteinograms in the serum of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), two important farmed fish species in the Mediterranean region. Serum proteins were studied using SDS-PAGE, electropherogram, and HPLC-mass spectrometry. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed four major bands of proteins around 11, 25, 70, and 100 kDa in the serum of gilthead seabream and European sea bass. Electropherogram results showed that a protein with a molecular weight of 76.8 kDa was the most abundant protein in the serum of gilthead seabream, while a peak of 75.5 kDa was the most abundant in European sea bass. HPLC-mass spectrometry detected 87 proteins and 119 proteins in the serum of gilthead seabream and European sea bass, respectively, including α1-globulins, α2-globulins, β-globulins, and γ-globulins. Notably, the albumin sequence was not detected in either of the two species. These results help to characterize the serum protein profile and to establish reference proteinograms for these two fish species. They also provide a basis for the development of novel approaches for the rapid detection of loss of haemostasis due to stress, health disorders or disease in farmed fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gnanagobal H, Chakraborty S, Vasquez I, Chukwu-Osazuwa J, Cao T, Hossain A, Dang M, Valderrama K, Kumar S, Bindea G, Hill S, Boyce D, Hall JR, Santander J. Transcriptome profiling of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) head kidney to Renibacterium salmoninarum at early and chronic infection stages. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105165. [PMID: 38499166 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Renibacterium salmoninarum causes Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) in several fish species. Atlantic lumpfish, a cleaner fish, is susceptible to R. salmoninarum. To profile the transcriptome response of lumpfish to R. salmoninarum at early and chronic infection stages, fish were intraperitoneally injected with either a high dose of R. salmoninarum (1 × 109 cells dose-1) or PBS (control). Head kidney tissue samples were collected at 28- and 98-days post-infection (dpi) for RNA sequencing. Transcriptomic profiling identified 1971 and 139 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in infected compared with control samples at 28 and 98 dpi, respectively. At 28 dpi, R. salmoninarum-induced genes (n = 434) mainly involved in innate and adaptive immune response-related pathways, whereas R. salmoninarum-suppressed genes (n = 1537) were largely connected to amino acid metabolism and cellular processes. Cell-mediated immunity-related genes showed dysregulation at 98 dpi. Several immune-signalling pathways were dysregulated in response to R. salmoninarum, including apoptosis, alternative complement, JAK-STAT signalling, and MHC-I dependent pathways. In summary, R. salmoninarum causes immune suppression at early infection, whereas lumpfish induce a cell-mediated immune response at chronic infection. This study provides a complete depiction of diverse immune mechanisms dysregulated by R. salmoninarum in lumpfish and opens new avenues to develop immune prophylactic tools to prevent BKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajarooba Gnanagobal
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - Setu Chakraborty
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Ignacio Vasquez
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Joy Chukwu-Osazuwa
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Trung Cao
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Ahmed Hossain
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - My Dang
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Katherine Valderrama
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada; Ocean Frontier Institute, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Gabriela Bindea
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Stephen Hill
- Cold-Ocean Deep-Sea Research Facility, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Danny Boyce
- The Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB), Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Javier Santander
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kodzik N, Ciereszko A, Szczepkowska B, Malinowska A, Dietrich MA. Comparative proteomic analysis of the ovarian fluid and eggs of Siberian sturgeon. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:451. [PMID: 38714919 PMCID: PMC11077782 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sturgeon species are living fossils that exhibit unique reproductive characteristics, and elucidation of the molecular processes governing the formation and quality of sturgeon eggs is crucial. However, comprehensive data on the protein composition of sturgeon ovarian fluid (OF) and eggs and their functional significance are lacking. To address this knowledge gap, the aim of the present study was to conduct a comprehensive comparative proteomic analysis of Siberian sturgeon OF and eggs using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS A total of 617 proteins were identified in OF, and 565 proteins were identified in eggs. A total of 772 proteins showed differential abundance. Among the differentially abundant proteins, 365 were more abundant in OFs, while 407 were more abundant in eggs. We identified 339 proteins unique to OFs and 287 proteins specific to eggs, and further investigated the top 10 most abundant proteins in each. The functional annotation of the OF proteins highlighted their predominant association with immune system processes, including the complement and coagulation cascade, neutrophil and leukocyte-mediated immunity, cholesterol metabolism, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Analysis of egg proteins revealed enrichment in metabolic pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism, and protein ubiquitination and translation. OF-specific proteins included extracellular matrix and secretory vesicles, and eggs were enriched in proteins localized to mitochondria and ribosome components. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first comprehensive characterization of the protein composition of sturgeon OF and eggs and elucidates their distinct functional roles. These findings advance our understanding of sturgeon reproduction, OF-egg signaling and the origin of OF proteins. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the dataset identifier PXD044168 to ensure accessibility for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kodzik
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, 10-748, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, 10-748, Poland
| | - Bożena Szczepkowska
- Department of Sturgeon Fish Breeding, Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Pozezdrze, Pieczarki, 11-610, Poland
| | - Agata Malinowska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, Warsaw, Warszawa, 02-106, Poland
| | - Mariola Aleksandra Dietrich
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, 10-748, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Azeredo R, Peixoto D, Santos P, Duarte I, Ricardo A, Aragão C, Machado M, Costas B. Dietary Tryptophan Plays a Role as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent in European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles during Chronic Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:309. [PMID: 38785791 PMCID: PMC11117642 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Where teleost fish are concerned, studies in tryptophan immunomodulation generally point to immunosuppressive properties, thus presenting a potential anti-inflammatory dietary strategy. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the effects of tryptophan dietary supplementation on immune and neuroendocrine responses of the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, undergoing chronic inflammation. Juvenile European seabass were intraperitoneally injected with either Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA, inflamed group) or a saline solution (control group). Within each group, fish were fed a control (CTRL) and a CTRL-based diet supplemented with tryptophan (0.3% DM basis; TRP) for 4 weeks. Different tissues were sampled every week for the assessment of immune-related parameters. When TRP was provided to FIA-injected fish, mcsfr gene expression increased from 1 to 2 weeks and remained high until the end of the experiment. The same fish showed a concurrent increase in peripheral monocyte counts. Moreover, il34 expression at 1 week post-FIA injection was higher in TRP-fed than in CTRL-fed fish. After one week, molecular patterns of anti-inflammatory processes seemed to be favoured by TRP (mcsfr, gr1, il34 and tgfβ). Altogether, the results show that the feeding period seems to be critical where tryptophan supplementation is concerned since at later inflammatory stages-and longer feeding periods-fish fed TRP displayed a molecular profile similar to that of the CTRL group. In contrast, shorter administration periods might accelerate immune regulatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Diogo Peixoto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Duarte
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Ricardo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Aragão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Campus da Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Marina Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ali S, Dawar FU, Ullah W, Hassan M, Ullah K, Zhao Z. Proteomic map of the differentially expressed proteins in the skin of Ctenopharyngodon idella against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 5:100122. [PMID: 38023345 PMCID: PMC10652109 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin mucus of fish is an important part of the innate immune system, which is poorly understood at the proteomic level. The study established a complete map of the proteins in the skin mucus of Ctenopharangdon idella (C. idella) and discussed the Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) after Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) infection. Using Label Free Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, a total of 126 proteins were identified as differentially expressed, 89 proteins of which were upregulated, and 37 proteins were downregulated. Functional annotations of DEPs showed that the upregulated proteins in the skin mucus of the treated group were mostly associated with complement system and cytoskeleton proteins, whereas downregulated proteins were associated with metabolism. The key upregulated immune proteins were transferrin variant C, lysozyme g, annexin A11, 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8, hypothetical protein ROHU_000884, 60S ribosomal L7a, calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like protein, calpain-9-like protein, complement component C9, complement C3, cathepsin S, cathepsin Z, 14 kDa apolipo, heat shock protein and intelectin, whereas, leukocyte elastase inhibitor, annexin A11, C-factor-like protein, biotinidase isoform X1 and epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like were the downregulated proteins. Moreover, we for the first-time report proteins such as coactosin, lamin-B2 and kelch 12, which were never reported in fish. Our study directly pointing out the possible immunological biomarkers in the skin mucus of C. idella after A. hydrophila treatment. Each of the protein we report in this study could be used as base to establish their mechanism of action during bacterial infection that may contribute to the strategies against bacterial prevention and control in fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shandana Ali
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ullah Dawar
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu,210098, China
| | - Waheed Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of System Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kalim Ullah
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu,210098, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
T A JP, Karunakaran C, Nath A, Kappalli S. Transcriptomic Variation of Amphiprion Percula (Lacepède, 1802) in Response to Infection with Cryptocaryon Irritans Brown, 1951. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:858-890. [PMID: 37695540 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cryptocaryon irritans (Brown 1951) frequently infect the Pomacentridae fishes causing severe economic losses. However, the anti-C. irritans' molecular mechanism in these fishes remains largely unknown. To address this issue, we conducted RNA-Seq for C. irrtians-infected gills of the clownfish Amphiprion percula (Lacepède 1802) at the early (day 1) and late (day 3) stages of infection. A total of 1655 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs showed a vast genetic variation related to the following aspects: ECM-receptor interaction, P13K-Akt signalling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and endocytosis. During the early phase of infection, key genes involved in ATP production, energy homeostasis, and stress control were abruptly increased. In the late phase, however, acute response molecules of the peripheral nervous system (synaptic transmission and local immunity), metabolic system triggering glycogen synthesis, energy maintenance, and osmoregulation were found to be critical. The highest number of upregulated genes (URGs) recovered during the early phase was included under the 'biological process' category, which primarily functions as response to stimuli, signalling, and biological regulation. In the late phase, most of the URGs were related to gene regulation and immune system processes under 'molecular function' category. The immune-related URGs of early infection include major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-II molecules apparently triggering CD4+ T-cell-activated Th responses, and that of late infection include MHC class-1 molecules for the possible culmination of CD8+ T-cell triggered cytotoxicity. The high level of genic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified during the late phase of infection is likely to influence their susceptibility to secondary infection. In summary, the identified DEGs and their related metabolic and immune-related pathways and the SNPs may provide new insights into coordinating the immunological events and improving resistance in Pomacentridae fishes against C. irritans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Priya T A
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, 671316, India.
| | - Charutha Karunakaran
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, 671316, India
| | - Aishwarya Nath
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, 671316, India
| | - Sudha Kappalli
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, 671316, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Linh NV, Khongcharoen N, Nguyen DH, Dien LT, Rungrueng N, Jhunkeaw C, Sangpo P, Senapin S, Uttarotai T, Panphut W, St-Hilaire S, Van Doan H, Dong HT. Effects of hyperoxia during oxygen nanobubble treatment on innate immunity, growth performance, gill histology, and gut microbiome in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109191. [PMID: 37890736 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen nanobubble (NB-O2) technology has been introduced to the aquaculture industry in recent years. This treatment usually results in a tremendously high level of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water. However, little is known about the possible negative effects of hyperoxia due to NB-O2 treatment (hyper-NB-O2) on farmed fish. Here, we investigated i) the effect of short-term hyper-NB-O2 exposure (single treatment) on the innate immunity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and ii) the effect of long-term hyper-NB-O2 exposure (26-day treatments) on survival, growth performance, gill histology, and gut microbiome in Nile tilapia. A single treatment with NB-O2 for 10 min in 50 L of water resulted in 24.2 ± 0.04 mg/L DO (approximately 2-3 × 107 nanoscale oxygen bubbles/mL). This treatment did not result in differences in expression of several immune-related genes (e.g., TNF-α, LYZ and HPS70) in various tissues (e.g., gill, head kidney, and spleen) compared to the non-treated control. Over a 26-day period of exposure, no significant differences were observed in survival and growth performance of the fish, but minor histological changes were occasionally noted on the gills. Analysis of the gut microbiome revealed a significant increase in the genera Bosea, Exiguobacterium, Hyphomicrobium, and Singulisphaera in the group receiving NB-O2. Moreover, no signs of "gas bubble disease" were observed in the fish throughout the duration of the experiment. Overall, these results suggest that both short- and long-term hyper-NB-O2 exposure appears to be benign and has no obvious adverse effects on fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Vu Linh
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nareerat Khongcharoen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Dinh-Hung Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Le Thanh Dien
- Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Naruporn Rungrueng
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Chayuda Jhunkeaw
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Pattiya Sangpo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Fish Health Platform, Centex of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Toungporn Uttarotai
- Department of Highland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wattana Panphut
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Sophie St-Hilaire
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ha Thanh Dong
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand; Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management Program, Department of Food, Agriculture and Biore-sources (AARM/FAB), School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He L, Zhao C, Xiao Q, Zhao J, Liu H, Jiang J, Cao Q. Profiling the Physiological Roles in Fish Primary Cell Culture. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1454. [PMID: 38132280 PMCID: PMC10741176 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Fish primary cell culture has emerged as a valuable tool for investigating the physiological roles and responses of various cell types found in fish species. This review aims to provide an overview of the advancements and applications of fish primary cell culture techniques, focusing on the profiling of physiological roles exhibited by fish cells in vitro. Fish primary cell culture involves the isolation and cultivation of cells directly derived from fish tissues, maintaining their functional characteristics and enabling researchers to study their behavior and responses under controlled conditions. Over the years, significant progress has been made in optimizing the culture conditions, establishing standardized protocols, and improving the characterization techniques for fish primary cell cultures. The review highlights the diverse cell types that have been successfully cultured from different fish species, including gonad cells, pituitary cells, muscle cells, hepatocytes, kidney and immune cells, adipocyte cells and myeloid cells, brain cells, primary fin cells, gill cells, and other cells. Each cell type exhibits distinct physiological functions, contributing to vital processes such as metabolism, tissue regeneration, immune response, and toxin metabolism. Furthermore, this paper explores the pivotal role of fish primary cell culture in elucidating the mechanisms underlying various physiological processes. Researchers have utilized fish primary cell cultures to study the effects of environmental factors, toxins, pathogens, and pharmaceutical compounds on cellular functions, providing valuable insights into fish health, disease pathogenesis, and drug development. The paper also discusses the application of fish primary cell cultures in aquaculture research, particularly in investigating fish growth, nutrition, reproduction, and stress responses. By mimicking the in vivo conditions in vitro, primary cell culture has proven instrumental in identifying key factors influencing fish health and performance, thereby contributing to the development of sustainable aquaculture practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Qi Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Ju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Quanquan Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wiens GD, Marancik DP, Chadwick CC, Osbourn K, Reid RM, Leeds TD. Plasma proteomic profiling of bacterial cold water disease-resistant and -susceptible rainbow trout lines and biomarker discovery. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1265386. [PMID: 37928534 PMCID: PMC10623068 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation for disease resistance is present in salmonid fish; however, the molecular basis is poorly understood, and biomarkers of disease susceptibility/resistance are unavailable. Previously, we selected a line of rainbow trout for high survival following standardized challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Fp), the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease. The resistant line (ARS-Fp-R) exhibits over 60 percentage points higher survival compared to a reference susceptible line (ARS-Fp-S). To gain insight into the differential host response between genetic lines, we compared the plasma proteomes from day 6 after intramuscular challenge. Pooled plasma from unhandled, PBS-injected, and Fp-injected groups were simultaneously analyzed using a TMT 6-plex label, and the relative abundance of 513 proteins was determined. Data are available via ProteomeXchange, with identifier PXD041308, and the relative protein abundance values were compared to mRNA measured from a prior, whole-body RNA-seq dataset. Our results identified a subset of differentially abundant intracellular proteins was identified, including troponin and myosin, which were not transcriptionally regulated, suggesting that these proteins were released into plasma following pathogen-induced tissue damage. A separate subset of high-abundance, secreted proteins were transcriptionally regulated in infected fish. The highest differentially expressed protein was a C1q family member (designated complement C1q-like protein 3; C1q-LP3) that was upregulated over 20-fold in the infected susceptible line while only modestly upregulated, 1.8-fold, in the infected resistant line. Validation of biomarkers was performed using immunoassays and C1q-LP3, skeletal muscle troponin C, cathelcidin 2, haptoglobin, leptin, and growth and differentiation factor 15 exhibited elevated concentration in susceptible line plasma. Complement factor H-like 1 exhibited higher abundance in the resistant line compared to the susceptible line in both control and challenged fish and thus was a baseline differentiator between lines. C1q-LP3 and STNC were elevated in Atlantic salmon plasma following experimental challenge with Fp. In summary, these findings further the understanding of the differential host response to Fp and identifies salmonid biomarkers that may have use for genetic line evaluation and on-farm health monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. Wiens
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - David P. Marancik
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, True Blue, Grenada
| | | | - Keira Osbourn
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Ross M. Reid
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Timothy D. Leeds
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Kearneysville, WV, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang F, Qin ZL, Luo WS, Xiong NX, Huang MZ, Ou J, Luo SW, Liu SJ. Alteration of synergistic immune response in gut-liver axis of white crucian carp (Carassius cuvieri) after gut infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:917-927. [PMID: 37205784 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila can pose a great threat to the survival of farmed fish. In current study, we investigated the pathological characteristics and immune response in gut-liver axis of white crucian carp (WCC) upon gut infection. WCC anally intubated with A. hydrophila exerted a tissue deformation in damaged midgut with elevated levels of goblet cells along with a significant decrease in tight junction proteins and villi length-to-width ratios. In addition, immune-related gene expressions and antioxidant properties increased dramatically in gut-liver axis of WCC following gut infection with A. hydrophila. These results highlighted the immune modulation and redox alteration in gut-liver axis of WCC in response to gut infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Le Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning-Xia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Huang
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shao-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Buks R, Alnabulsi A, Zindrili R, Alnabulsi A, Wang A, Wang T, Martin SAM. Catch of the Day: New Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Antibody Is a Valuable Tool to Study Fish Health in Salmonids. Cells 2023; 12:2097. [PMID: 37626907 PMCID: PMC10453338 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins belong to a family of acute-phase reactants, playing an integral role in defending the organism from pathological damage. Despite a wealth of data on the regulation of SAA transcripts in teleosts, there is only limited information on these proteins' abundance in fish. The aim of this study is to characterise SAA protein levels in salmonids using a newly developed antibody specific to salmonid SAA. The salmonid SAA antibody detected SAA and accurately discriminated between stimulated and control specimens from rainbow trout macrophage cell line (RTS-11) in vitro, as well as rainbow trout challenged with Aeromonas salmonicida- or flagellin-stimulated Atlantic salmon in vivo. The presence of SAA protein was analysed in RTS-11 cell line supernatants, liver, and spleen samples using ELISA, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. This study is the first to characterise SAA protein levels in salmonids in vivo and in vitro. The newly developed salmonid SAA antibody was able to discriminate between stimulated and unstimulated specimens, showing that it can be used to study the acute-phase response in salmonids with the potential to be further developed into assays to monitor and evaluate health in wild and farmed fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralfs Buks
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
- Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd., Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | | | - Rodanthi Zindrili
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | | | - Alex Wang
- Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd., Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Samuel A. M. Martin
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jia Y, Wang F, Gao Y, Qin H, Guan C. Hypoxia stress induces hepatic antioxidant activity and apoptosis, but stimulates immune response and immune-related gene expression in black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106502. [PMID: 36965427 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen concentrations both in the open ocean and coast have been declining due to the interaction of global climate change and human activity. Fish have evolved different adaptative strategies to cope with possibly damage induced by hypoxic environments. Black rockfish as important economic fish widely reared in the offshore sea cage, whereas related physiological response subject to hypoxia stress remained unclear. In this study, hepatic anti-oxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]), aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, lipid peroxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) content, immunological parameters and the expression of apoptosis (bax, bcl2, p53, caspase3, xiap) and immune-related genes (c3, il-1β, ccl25, saa, hap, isg15) of black rockfish were determined during hypoxia and reoxygenation to illustrate the underlying defense response mechanisms. Results showed that hypoxia stress remarkably increased hepatic LPO and MDA content, AST and ALT activity and proportion of pyknotic nucleus. Hepatic SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activity manifested similar results, whereas GSH levels significantly decreased under hypoxia stress. The apoptosis rate of hepatocyte increased during hypoxia stress and reoxygenation. Meanwhile, p53, caspase3, bax and xiap mRNAs and bax/bcl2 rations were significantly up-regulated under hypoxia stress. However, bcl2 mRNA was significantly down-regulated. Interestingly, hypoxia stress significantly increased NBT-positive cell percent, phagocytic index, respiratory burst and ACH50 activity, and lysozyme activity. The mRNA levels of c3, ilβ, ccl25, saa, hap and isg15 were significantly up-regulated in the liver, spleen and head-kidney under hypoxia stress. The above parameters recovered to normal status after reoxygenation for 24 h Thus, hypoxia stress impairs hepatic antioxidant capacity, induces oxidative damage and apoptosis via the xiap-p53-bax-bcl2 and the caspase-dependent pathways, but enhances host immunity by regulating nonspecific immune indices and related genes expression to maintain homeostasis in black rockfish. These findings will help fully understand the hypoxia tolerance mechanisms of black rockfish and provide more data for offshore open ocean farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Jia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Fenglin Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuntao Gao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongyu Qin
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Changtao Guan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
van Gelderen TA, Ladisa C, Salazar-Moscoso M, Folgado C, Habibi HR, Ribas L. Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles after immune stimulation in the zebrafish testes. Genomics 2023; 115:110581. [PMID: 36796654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Fish farms are prone to disease outbreaks and stress due to high-density rearing conditions in tanks and sea cages, adversely affecting growth, reproduction, and metabolism. To understand the molecular mechanisms affected in the gonads of breeder fish after an immune challenge, we investigated the metabolome and the transcriptome profiles in zebrafish testes after inducing an immune response. After 48 h of the immune challenge, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (LC-MS) and transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq (Illumina) resulted in 20 different released metabolites and 80 differentially expressed genes. Among these, glutamine and succinic acid were the most abundant metabolites released and 27,5% of the genes belong to either the immune or reproduction systems. Pathway analysis based on metabolomic and transcriptomic crosstalk identified cad and iars genes that act simultaneously with succinate metabolite. This study deciphers interactions between reproduction and immune systems and provides a basis to improve protocols in generating more resistant broodstock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A van Gelderen
- Institut de Ciències del Mar - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Department of Renewable Marine Resources, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Ladisa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Salazar-Moscoso
- Institut de Ciències del Mar - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Department of Renewable Marine Resources, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Folgado
- Institut de Ciències del Mar - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Department of Renewable Marine Resources, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - H R Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - L Ribas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Department of Renewable Marine Resources, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hooijberg EH, Cray C. Acute phase reactants in nondomesticated mammals-A veterinary clinical pathology perspective. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52 Suppl 1:19-36. [PMID: 36289012 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Applications for acute phase reactants (APRs) in nondomesticated mammals include identifying inflammatory disease, monitoring the course of specific disease processes and recovery during rehabilitation, detecting preclinical or subclinical disease, being used as bioindicators for monitoring population and ecosystem health, and as markers of stress and animal welfare. Serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, albumin, and iron are most commonly measured. The procedure for evaluating an APR in a nondomesticated mammalian species should follow a stepwise approach beginning with an assessment of analytical performance, followed by an evaluation of overlap performance, clinical performance, and impact on patient outcomes and management. The lack of species-specific standards and antibodies for nondomesticated mammals presents a challenge, and more attention needs to be focused on assessing cross-reactivity and ensuring adequate analytical performance of APR assays. Sample selection for the initial evaluation of APRs should consider preanalytical influences and should originate from animals with confirmed inflammatory disease and healthy animals. Reference intervals should be generated according to published guidelines. Further evaluation should focus on assessing the diagnostic utility of APRs in specific disease scenarios relevant to a species. Greater attention should be paid to assay performance and uniformity of methods when using APRs for population and ecosystem surveillance. Veterinary clinical pathologists should work closely with zoo veterinarians and wildlife researchers to optimize the accuracy and utility of APR measurements in these various conservation medicine scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma H Hooijberg
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies and Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rossi G. Acute phase proteins in cats: Diagnostic and prognostic role, future directions, and analytical challenges. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52 Suppl 1:37-49. [PMID: 36740231 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While clinical studies on acute phase proteins (APPs) have significantly increased in the last decade, and most commercial labs are now offering major APPs in their biochemical profiles, APP testing has not been widely adopted by veterinary clinical pathologists and veterinarians. Measurement of APP concentration is a useful marker for detecting the presence or absence of inflammation in cats with various diseases. APPs can also be reliably measured in different biological fluids (eg, effusions and urine) to improve their diagnostic utility. Measurement of APPs can be extremely beneficial in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) to discriminate between FIP and non-FIP cats with similar clinical presentations. Additional benefits come from multiple and sequential measurements of APPs, particularly in the assessment of therapeutic efficacy. APPs are more sensitive than WBC counts for early detection of inflammation and to demonstrate an early remission or recurrence of the diseases. Given the potential utility of APPs, more studies are warranted, with a particular focus on the applications of APPs to guide the length of antimicrobial therapies, as suggested by the antimicrobial stewardship policy. New inflammatory markers have been discovered in human medicine, with a higher specificity for distinguishing between septic versus nonseptic inflammatory diseases. It is desirable that these new markers be investigated in veterinary medicine, to further test the power of APPs in diagnostic setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rossi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Animal Production and Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao C, Zhang Y, Suo A, Mu J, Ding D. Toxicity of tributyltin chloride on haarder (Liza haematocheila) after its acute exposure: Bioaccumulation, antioxidant defense, histological, and transcriptional analyses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:501-511. [PMID: 36162773 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Liza haematocheila is exposed to various chemical contaminants from anthropogenic sources, including tributyltin chloride (TBTC). Yet the toxicity mechanism of TBTC on haarder remains unclear. The haarder was exposed to different doses (0, 10%, 20%, and 50% of LC50-96 h) of TBTC. In this study, the results revealed its high bioaccumulation in the livers and significant alteration for development. The activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase decreased after 96-h exposure to TBTC, this accompanied by an increased malondialdehyde level. TBTC exposure caused the intense production of reactive oxygen species, a reduction in total blood cell count in serum, and apoptosis-related alterations in livers, indicating that enhanced oxidative stress occurred in the process of TBTC exposure. Histological results revealed angiorrhexis and infiltration of inflammatory cells, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes in the livers, and swelling, fusion, and disintegration of gill organs. Interestingly, the obtained transcriptional profiles indicated that high doses of TBTC caused energy disorder, apoptosis, and adipogenesis restriction mediated by cytokines and adipokines in Jak-STAT and adipocytokine signaling pathways. In summary, acute exposure to high doses of TBTC could impair the antioxidant system and pathways related to energy, apoptosis and adipogenesis, eventually posing a serious challenge to the fitness of haarder individuals and its fish populations as marine resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Anning Suo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
| | - Jingli Mu
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Dewen Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiong NX, Kuang XY, Fang ZX, Ou J, Li SY, Zhao JH, Huang JF, Li KX, Wang R, Fan LF, Luo SW, Liu SJ. Transcriptome analysis and co-expression network reveal the mechanism linking mitochondrial function to immune regulation in red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var) after Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:1491-1509. [PMID: 35749280 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a common pathogen of freshwater fish. In this study, A. hydrophila infection was shown to cause tissue damage, trigger physiological changes as well as alter the expression profiles of immune- and metabolic-related genes in immune tissues of red crucian carp (RCC). Transcriptome analysis revealed that acute A. hydrophila infection exerted a profound effect on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation linking metabolic regulation to immune response. In addition, we further identified cellular senescence, apoptosis, necrosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathways as crucial signal pathways in the kidney of RCC subjected to A. hydrophila infection. These findings may have important implications for understanding modulation of immunometabolic response to bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Xia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu-Ying Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi-Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhao
- Foreign studies college, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Rou Wang
- Foreign studies college, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan-Fen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shao-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Isla A, Sánchez P, Ruiz P, Albornoz R, Pontigo JP, Rauch MC, Hawes C, Vargas-Chacoff L, Yáñez AJ. Effect of low-dose Piscirickettsia salmonis infection on haematological-biochemical blood parameters in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1021-1032. [PMID: 35838309 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the etiological agent of Piscirickettsiosis, a severe disease that affects Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farmed in Chile and many other areas (Norway, Scotland, Ireland, Canada and the USA). This study investigated the effects of low-dose P. salmonis infection (1 × 102 CFU/ml) on Atlantic salmon. In this study, we challenged fish with an isolated representative of the EM-90 genogroup via intraperitoneal injection for 42 days. Infected fish displayed decreased haematocrit and haemoglobin levels at day 13 post-infection, indicating erythropenia, haemolysis and haemodilution. Conversely, their white blood cell counts increased on days 13 and 21 post-infection. Additionally, their iron levels decreased from day 2 post-infection, indicating iron deficiency and an inability to retrieve stored iron before infection. Their magnesium levels also decreased at day 28 post-infection, possibly due to osmoregulatory problems. Also, we observed an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity on days 5, 21, and 28 post-infection, suggesting early symptoms of hepatotoxicity. Later analyses determined a decrease in plasma glucose levels from day 2 post-infection. This may be attributed to the hypoxic conditions caused by P. salmonis, leading to an excess utilization of stored carbohydrates. Our results suggest that the blood parameters we studied are useful for monitoring the physiological status of Atlantic salmon infected with P. salmonis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Isla
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Valdivia, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio Sánchez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ruiz
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Concepción, Chile
| | - Romina Albornoz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan P Pontigo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencas de la Naturaleza, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - María Cecilia Rauch
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandro J Yáñez
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Concepción, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The molecular dialog between oomycete effectors and their plant and animal hosts. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
20
|
Host–Pathogen Interactions of Marine Gram-Positive Bacteria. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091316. [PMID: 36138795 PMCID: PMC9495620 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Complex interactions between marine Gram-positive pathogens and fish hosts in the marine environment can result in diseases of economically important finfish, which cause economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Understanding how these pathogens interact with the fish host and generate disease will contribute to efficient prophylactic measures and treatments. To our knowledge, there are no systematic reviews on marine Gram-positive pathogens. Therefore, here we reviewed the host–pathogen interactions of marine Gram-positive pathogens from the pathogen-centric and host-centric points of view. Abstract Marine Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including Renibacterium salmoninarum, Mycobacterium marinum, Nocardia seriolae, Lactococcus garvieae, and Streptococcus spp. cause economic losses in marine fish aquaculture worldwide. Comprehensive information on these pathogens and their dynamic interactions with their respective fish–host systems are critical to developing effective prophylactic measures and treatments. While much is known about bacterial virulence and fish immune response, it is necessary to synthesize the knowledge in terms of host–pathogen interactions as a centerpiece to establish a crucial connection between the intricate details of marine Gram-positive pathogens and their fish hosts. Therefore, this review provides a holistic view and discusses the different stages of the host–pathogen interactions of marine Gram-positive pathogens. Gram-positive pathogens can invade fish tissues, evade the fish defenses, proliferate in the host system, and modulate the fish immune response. Marine Gram-positive pathogens have a unique set of virulence factors that facilitate adhesion (e.g., adhesins, hemagglutination activity, sortase, and capsules), invasion (e.g., toxins, hemolysins/cytolysins, the type VII secretion system, and immune-suppressive proteins), evasion (e.g., free radical quenching, actin-based motility, and the inhibition of phagolysosomal fusion), and proliferation and survival (e.g., heme utilization and siderophore-mediated iron acquisition systems) in the fish host. After infection, the fish host initiates specific innate and adaptive immune responses according to the extracellular or intracellular mechanism of infection. Although efforts have continued to be made in understanding the complex interplay at the host–pathogen interface, integrated omics-based investigations targeting host–pathogen–marine environment interactions hold promise for future research.
Collapse
|
21
|
Dietrich MA, Adamek M, Teitge F, Teich L, Jung-Schroers V, Malinowska A, Świderska B, Rakus K, Kodzik N, Chadzińska M, Karol H, Liszewska E, Ciereszko A. Proteomic analysis of carp seminal plasma provides insights into the immune response to bacterial infection of the male reproductive system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:822-835. [PMID: 35840052 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is recognized as a significant bacterial pathogen in ulcerative disease of cyprinid fish. However, the mechanism of immunity to these bacteria in common carp is still not well understood, especially the immune regulation in the gonad to bacterial infection. The aims of our study were to analyze changes in the seminal plasma proteome following A. salmonicida infection in carp males. The observed pathological changes in the tissue (liver, spleen, kidney and testis) morphology and upregulation of immune-related genes (tnfa2, il6a) confirmed the successful infection challenge. Using mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics, we identified 1402 seminal plasma proteins, and 44 proteins (20 up- and 24 downregulated) were found to be differentially abundant between infected and control males. Most differentially abundant proteins were involved in the immune response mechanisms, such as acute phase response, complement activation and coagulation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, creatine-phosphate biosynthesis and germ cell-Sertoli cell junction signaling. Bacterial infection also caused profound changes in expression of selected genes in the testis and hematopoietic organs, which contributed to changes in seminal proteins. The altered seminal proteins and bacterial proteins in seminal plasma may serve as valuable markers of infection in the testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariola A Dietrich
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Mikołaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Teitge
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lukas Teich
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Jung-Schroers
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Agata Malinowska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bianka Świderska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rakus
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Kodzik
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chadzińska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Halina Karol
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Liszewska
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ertunc N, Phitak T, Wu D, Fujita H, Hane M, Sato C, Kitajima K. Sulfation of sialic acid is ubiquitous and essential for vertebrate development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12496. [PMID: 35864127 PMCID: PMC9304399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins and lipids occurs in vertebrates, usually terminating with sialylation, which regulates the physicochemical and biological properties of these glycoconjugates. Although less commonly known, sialic acid residues also undergo various modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, and sulfation. However, except for acetylation, the enzymes or functions of the other modification processes are unknown. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the ubiquitous occurrence of sulfated sialic acids and two genes encoding the sialate: O-sulfotransferases 1 and 2 in vertebrates. These two enzymes showed about 50% amino acid sequence identity, and appeared to be complementary to each other in acceptor substrate preferences. Gene targeting experiments showed that the deficiency of these genes was lethal for medaka fish during young fry development and accompanied by different phenotypes. Thus, the sulfation of sialic acids is essential for the vertebrate development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nursah Ertunc
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Thanyaluck Phitak
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Di Wu
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujita
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaya Hane
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. .,Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Biller JD, Chagas EC. Mechanisms of resistance and tolerance against parasites in fish: the impairments caused by Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae in Colossoma macropomum. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210258. [PMID: 35830072 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tambaqui is the second native fish most produced species in Brazil. Currently, tambaqui fish farms deals with serious sanitary problems due to the prevalence of the parasite Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. However, the prevalence of the acanthocephalan parasite infections depends on the resistance and tolerance interactions between the host organisms and parasites. The immune response against parasites is divided between innate and acquired immunity. The innate defense is a result of physical barriers, cellular and humoral compounds. Acquired defense occurs through the production of antibodies (humoral) and is mediated by cells, mainly by type 2 T helper lymphocytes. Most parasites secrete a variety of immunomodulatory compounds that allow coexistence with the host and chronicity of the parasite. The host-parasite relationship is complex and makes prevention and treatment difficult. However, some studies show that the use of immunostimulants may have "systemic" effects. These include improvement of the intestinal mucosa health and also in the production of cellular and humoral compounds in the whole body, thus assisting treatment and control. As such, it is important to understand the mechanisms of resistance and tolerance in the host organisms so that prevention and treatment measures can be effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline D Biller
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Departamento de Produção Animal, Campus de Dracena, Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 651, Bairro das Antas, 17900-000 Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - Edsandra C Chagas
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rodovia AM 010, Km 2, Caixa Postal 319, Zona Rural, 69010970 , AM, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen P, Jin D, Yang S, Yu X, Yi G, Hu S, Sun Y, Hu Y, Cui J, Rang J, Xia L. Aeromonas veronii infection remarkably increases expression of lysozymes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and injection of lysozyme expression cassette along with QCDC adjuvant significantly upregulates immune factors and decreases cumulative mortality. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105646. [PMID: 35716927 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii AvX005 is a pathogenic bacterium with high toxicity to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). The expression levels of g-type (goose-type lysozyme, Lys-g) and c-type lysozyme (chicken-type lysozyme, Lys-c) in the spleen of grass carp infected with AvX005 were significantly increased by approximately 4.5 times and 27 times, respectively. The recombinant proteins rLys-g and rLys-c produced in a recombinant expression system of Escherichia coli showed significant antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria AvX005. A challenge test was conducted after rLys-g and rLys-c were expressed in grass carp L8824 liver cells, and compared with the survival rate of the control cells (46.3%), the survival rate of the experimental cells (77.6% for rLys-g and 68.6% for rLys-c) was significantly increased. Grass carp were infected with AvX005 on the second day after delivering pcDNA3.1-lys-g and pcDNA-lys-c with the Quil A/cholesterol/DDA/Carbopol (QCDC) adjuvant, and both pcDNA3.1-lys-g and pcDNA-lys-c provided 70% relative protection for grass carp. The activity of lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase in the serum of grass carp was significantly increased after injection of DNA. The expression of the immune factors IgM, C3 and IL8 in the kidney was upregulated to varying degrees for pcDNA3.1-lys-g and immune factors C3 and IgM was upregulated for pcDNA-lys-c. The results indicated that pcDNA3.1-lys-g and pcDNA-lys-c may be used as immunostimulants to protect grass carp from the pathogenic bacterium AvX005.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Duo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Shijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Xiaojing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Ganfeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Shengbiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Yunjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Yibo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Jie Rang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Liqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Peixoto D, Machado M, Azeredo R, Costas B. Chronic Inflammation Modulates Opioid Receptor Gene Expression and Triggers Respiratory Burst in a Teleost Model. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050764. [PMID: 35625492 PMCID: PMC9138576 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress-inducing husbandry and rearing conditions, bacterial infections or parasitic diseases may all lead to chronic inflammation. The immune response will then channel energy away from growth, reproduction and other important physiological processes, to fuel immune-related metabolic responses. The present study aims to unravel the mechanisms and contribute with new information on the molecular, cellular and humoral parameters of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) undergoing chronic inflammation that can be used as health indicators for application in fish health management. European seabass individuals were intra-peritoneally injected with either Freund’s Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA) to induce inflammation or Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) to serve as sham. Fish were sampled at 24 h, 7, 14 and 21 days post-injection and blood, plasma and head-kidney were collected. The results found were clear indicators of an inflamed peritoneal cavity and an ongoing systemic immune response that persisted for at least 21 days. Locally, inflammation was characterized by an intense recruitment of immune cells that was still evident 21 days after injection, thus illustrating the chronic character of the immune response. Cellular response was also noticed peripherally with leukocyte numbers rising in the blood of FIA-injected fish. Furthermore, the cellular-mediated respiratory burst peaked at 21 days post-FIA injection, suggesting that phagocytes were still actively fighting the phlogistic agent. Regarding the head-kidney molecular analysis, cxcr4 and il34 appear to be good markers of a chronic inflammation response due to their importance for pathways with high relevance in chronic inflammation settings. In addition, opioid receptor nopr seems to be a good marker of a chronic inflammation response due to its role in detecting noxious stimuli. The present study can serve as a baseline to assess long-term immune-related responses in future studies. For that, more research is nonetheless required to select more responsive and specific molecular markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Peixoto
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.M.); (R.A.)
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Marina Machado
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Rita Azeredo
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Benjamín Costas
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.M.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (B.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen J, Wei W, Liang C, Ren Y, Geng Y, Chen D, Lai W, Guo H, Deng H, Huang X, Ouyang P. Protective effect of cinnamaldehyde on channel catfish infected by drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila. Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105572. [PMID: 35561978 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of cinnamaldehyde on channel catfish infected by drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila CW strain was explored by observing the clinical symptoms and histopathology, measuring the cumulative mortality, serum biochemical and non-specific immune indicators, and intestinal microbiota in this study. The cumulative survival rate of the cinnamaldehyde within 14 days was significantly higher than that of the challenge group, which was 70% and 20%, respectively. Compared with the challenge group, the activities of lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the treatment group were increased, while there was no significant difference in catalase activity. Compared with the challenge group, the histopathology results showed that the injury of liver, spleen, and kidney was significantly alleviated after cinnamaldehyde treatment. The results of intestinal microbiota showed that the proportion of Proteobacteria in the challenge group was significantly increased, and the proportion of Aeromonas sp. reached 30% based on the analysis of species classification level. The composition of dominant species in the treatment group was similar to the control group. In conclusion, cinnamaldehyde increased the cumulative survival rate of channel catfish infected by A. hydrophila. It could protect channel catfish through improving the non-specific immune function of channel catfish, alleviating the pathological lesions of liver, spleen, kidney, and intestine, and maintaining the relative balance of the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, cinnamaldehyde could be a candidate drug for the treatment of A. hydrophila infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiehao Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Animal Laboratory Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Wenyan Wei
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongqiang Ren
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huidan Deng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Development of a histopathological index for skeletal muscle analysis in Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia: Muridae). Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151892. [PMID: 35421662 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle histopathological changes induced or caused by pathologies in animal models, can impair functionality, being the main focus of therapeutic studies. This study aimed to propose a histopathological index to assess, in a quantitative manner, skeletal muscle changes induced by experimental protocols for Rodentia's models. For the development, evaluation of fit and parsimony, replicability, and sensitivity index, Wistar rats from experiments with the same experimental design, but with different variation factors, were used to achieve different levels of damage. The anterior tibial muscle of these animals was collected, processed histologically, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The adjustment and parsimony of the index were availed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, reproducibility for evaluation of three people trained through the Intra-Class Correlation, and the discrimination capacity through a one-way ANOVA Test. We pointed out the adjustment for the proposed index while the ICC showed high reproducibility (n = 56; k = 3; ICC = 0.9790) and differences in the extent of damage between groups, following the hierarchical association promoted by experimental model stresses. The results show that the proposed index has a good fit and parsimony (χ2 = 426.34; p < 0.0001), in addition to being easily replicable by other researchers who know the morphology of muscle tissue and its morphological changes. It is worth mentioning that the development of tools that facilitate histopathological analysis, and that can quantitatively express the findings, are of great importance for the studies of regenerative science, reinforcing the relevance of this study.
Collapse
|
28
|
Emam M, Caballero-Solares A, Xue X, Umasuthan N, Milligan B, Taylor RG, Balder R, Rise ML. Gill and Liver Transcript Expression Changes Associated With Gill Damage in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar). Front Immunol 2022; 13:806484. [PMID: 35418993 PMCID: PMC8996064 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.806484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gill damage represents a significant challenge in the teleost fish aquaculture industry globally, due to the gill’s involvement in several vital functions and direct contact with the surrounding environment. To examine the local and systemic effects accompanying gill damage (which is likely to negatively affect gill function) of Atlantic salmon, we performed a field sampling to collect gill and liver tissue after several environmental insults (e.g., harmful algal blooms). Before sampling, gills were visually inspected and gill damage was scored; gill scores were assigned from pristine [gill score 0 (GS0)] to severely damaged gills (GS3). Using a 44K salmonid microarray platform, we aimed to compare the transcriptomes of pristine and moderately damaged (i.e., GS2) gill tissue. Rank Products analysis (5% percentage of false-positives) identified 254 and 34 upregulated and downregulated probes, respectively, in GS2 compared with GS0. Differentially expressed probes represented genes associated with functions including gill remodeling, wound healing, and stress and immune responses. We performed gill and liver qPCR for all four gill damage scores using microarray-identified and other damage-associated biomarker genes. Transcripts related to wound healing (e.g., neb and klhl41b) were significantly upregulated in GS2 compared with GS0 in the gills. Also, transcripts associated with immune and stress-relevant pathways were dysregulated (e.g., downregulation of snaclec 1-like and upregulation of igkv3) in GS2 compared with GS0 gills. The livers of salmon with moderate gill damage (i.e., GS2) showed significant upregulation of transcripts related to wound healing (i.e., chtop), apoptosis (e.g., bnip3l), blood coagulation (e.g., f2 and serpind1b), transcription regulation (i.e., pparg), and stress-responses (e.g., cyp3a27) compared with livers of GS0 fish. We performed principal component analysis (PCA) using transcript levels for gill and liver separately. The gill PCA showed that PC1 significantly separated GS2 from all other gill scores. The genes contributing most to this separation were pgam2, des, neb, tnnt2, and myom1. The liver PCA showed that PC1 significantly separated GS2 from GS0; levels of hsp70, cyp3a27, pparg, chtop, and serpind1b were the highest contributors to this separation. Also, hepatic acute phase biomarkers (e.g., serpind1b and f2) were positively correlated to each other and to gill damage. Gill damage-responsive biomarker genes and associated qPCR assays arising from this study will be valuable in future research aimed at developing therapeutic diets to improve farmed salmon welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Emam
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | | | - Richard G Taylor
- Cargill Animal Nutrition and Health, Elk River, MN, United States
| | - Rachel Balder
- Cargill Animal Nutrition and Health, Elk River, MN, United States
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang X, Wu Y, Zhang P, Chen G, Cao Z, Ao J, Sun Y, Zhou Y. CC chemokine 1 protein from Cromileptes altivelis (CaCC1) promotes antimicrobial immune defense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:102-112. [PMID: 35240293 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small signaling proteins that are secreted by various cells. In addition to their roles in immune surveillance, localization of antigen, and lymphocyte trafficking for the maintenance of homeostasis, chemokines also function in induce immune cell migration under pathological conditions. In the present study, a novel CC chemokine gene (CaCC1) from humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) was cloned and characterized. CaCC1 comprised a 435 bp open reading frame encoding 144 amino acid residues. The putative molecular weight of CaCC1 protein was 15 kDa CaCC1 contains four characteristic cysteines that are conserved in other known CC chemokines. CaCC1 also shares 11.64%-90.28% identity with other teleost and mammal CC chemokines. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CaCC1 is most closely related to Epinephelus coioides EcCC1, both of which are in a fish-specific CC chemokine clade. CaCC1 was constitutively expressed in all examined C. altivelis tissues, with high expression levels in skin, heart, liver, and intestine. Vibrio harveyi stimulation up-regulated CaCC1 expression levels in liver, spleen, and head-kidney. Functional analyses revealed that the recombinant protein (rCaCC1) could induce the migration of head-kidney lymphocytes from C. altivelis. Moreover, rCaCC1 significantly enhanced phagocytosis in head-kidney macrophages from C. altivelis. In addition, rCaCC1 exhibited antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Edwardsiella tarda, and V. harveyi. In vivo, CaCC1 overexpression improved bacterial clearance in V. harveyi infected fish. Conversely, CaCC1 knockdown resulted in a significant decrease of bacterial clearance. These results demonstrate the important roles that CaCC1 plays in homeostasis and in inflammatory response to bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Guisen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Jingqun Ao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China.
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Caballero-Solares A, Umasuthan N, Xue X, Katan T, Kumar S, Westcott JD, Chen Z, Fast MD, Skugor S, Taylor RG, Rise ML. Interacting Effects of Sea Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Infection and Formalin-Killed Aeromonas salmonicida on Atlantic Salmon Skin Transcriptome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:804987. [PMID: 35401509 PMCID: PMC8987027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.804987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lepeophtheirus salmonis (sea lice) and bacterial co-infection threatens wild and farmed Atlantic salmon performance and welfare. In the present study, pre-adult L. salmonis-infected and non-infected salmon were intraperitoneally injected with either formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin (ASAL) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Dorsal skin samples from each injection/infection group (PBS/no lice, PBS/lice, ASAL/no lice, and ASAL/lice) were collected at 24 h post-injection and used for transcriptome profiling using a 44K salmonid microarray platform. Microarray results showed no clear inflammation gene expression signatures and revealed extensive gene repression effects by pre-adult lice (2,189 down and 345 up-regulated probes) in the PBS-injected salmon (PBS/lice vs. PBS/no lice), which involved basic cellular (e.g., RNA and protein metabolism) processes. Lice repressive effects were not observed within the group of ASAL-injected salmon (ASAL/lice vs. ASAL/no lice); on the contrary, the observed skin transcriptome changes –albeit of lesser magnitude (82 up and 1 down-regulated probes)– suggested the activation in key immune and wound healing processes (e.g., neutrophil degranulation, keratinocyte differentiation). The molecular skin response to ASAL was more intense in the lice-infected (ASAL/lice vs. PBS/lice; 272 up and 11 down-regulated probes) than in the non-infected fish (ASAL/no lice vs. PBS/no lice; 27 up-regulated probes). Regardless of lice infection, the skin’s response to ASAL was characterized by the putative activation of both antibacterial and wound healing pathways. The transcriptomic changes prompted by ASAL+lice co-stimulation (ASAL/lice vs. PBS/no lice; 1878 up and 3120 down-regulated probes) confirmed partial mitigation of lice repressive effects on fundamental cellular processes and the activation of pathways involved in innate (e.g., neutrophil degranulation) and adaptive immunity (e.g., antibody formation), as well as endothelial cell migration. The qPCR analyses evidenced immune-relevant genes co-stimulated by ASAL and lice in an additive (e.g., mbl2b, bcl6) and synergistic (e.g., hampa, il4r) manner. These results provided insight on the physiological response of the skin of L. salmonis-infected salmon 24 h after ASAL stimulation, which revealed immunostimulatory properties by the bacterin with potential applications in anti-lice treatments for aquaculture. As a simulated co-infection model, the present study also serves as a source of candidate gene biomarkers for sea lice and bacterial co-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Caballero-Solares
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- *Correspondence: Albert Caballero-Solares,
| | | | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Tomer Katan
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | | | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Mark D. Fast
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Stanko Skugor
- Cargill Aqua Nutrition, Cargill, Sea Lice Research Center (SLRC), Sandnes, Norway
| | | | - Matthew L. Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang J, Yang Y, Zhang A, Zeng L, Xiao S, Ma H, Li J, Mao F, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Zhang J, Xiang Z. Serum amyloid protein (SAA) as a healthy marker for immune function in Tridacna crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:495-500. [PMID: 35202805 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid protein (SAA) is known as an acute reactive protein of innate immunity in mammals. However, in invertebrates, the role of SAA in innate immunity is still unclear. In this study, a full-length cDNA of the SAA gene (named TcSAA) was cloned from Tridacna crocea, mollusca. The gene includes a 193 bp 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 129 bp 3' UTR sequence, and the open reading frame (ORF) with 393 bp nucleotides encodes a polypeptide of 130 amino acids. TcSAA contains a typical signal peptide and an SAA functional domain. The mRNA expression of TcSAA was detected in all 12 selected tissues and 7 different developmental stages. Furthermore, the expression of TcSAA was increased quickly in hemocytes after challenge with V. coralliilyticus or LPS. Furthermore, rTcSAA could bind V. coralliilyticus and V. alginolyticus, and the protein could reduce the lethality rate of the clams from 80% to 55% which caused by V. coralliilyticus about 48 h after injection. In summary, these results indicate that TcSAA may act as a marker for monitoring health and protecting T. crocea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yucheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aijiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Fan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu J, Tian S, Luo K, Zhang Y, Pan H, Zhang W, Mai K. Dietary recombinant human lysozyme improves the growth, intestinal health, immunity and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:39-52. [PMID: 34983003 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary recombinant human lysozyme (RHL) on the growth, immune response, anti-oxidative activity, intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora and disease resistance of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimps with an initial body weight of 2.36 ± 0.02 g were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control group, R0), 0.0025% (R1), 0.005% (R2), 0.01% (R3), 0.02% (R4) and 0.04% (R5) of RHL, respectively. After a 10-week feeding trial, the final body weight, survival rate, weight gain ratio and protein efficiency rate of the shrimps in dietary RHL supplemented groups were significantly higher than that in the control group, while feed conversion ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The total haemocyte count, total anti-oxidative capacity, respiratory burst, activities of phagocytosis, nitric oxide synthase, phenol oxidase and lysozyme in serum were significantly higher in dietary RHL supplemented groups than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intestinal pile height and wall thickness were significantly higher in dietary RHL supplemented groups than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Dietary RHL significantly improved the expressions of immune-related genes in gill, such as lipopolysaccharide-β-glucan binding protein, Toll, immune deficiency, heat shock protein 70 and Crustin (P < 0.05). The abundance of proteobacteria and bacteroidetes in intestine was higher, while the abundance of firmicutes and cyanobacteria was lower than those in the control group at the phylum level. In addition, dietary RHL supplementation significantly improved the protective ability of shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection (P < 0.05). Based on the broken-line model analysis for weight gain ratio after the feeding trial, the optimal level of dietary RHL supplementation for shrimp was estimated to be 0.006375%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, China; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shuangjie Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, China; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kai Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, China; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, China; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hongtao Pan
- Zhejiang Aegis Biotech Co., Ltd., Jinghua, 322200, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, China; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, China; Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xiong NX, Ou J, Fan LF, Kuang XY, Fang ZX, Luo SW, Mao ZW, Liu SJ, Wang S, Wen M, Luo KK, Hu FZ, Wu C, Liu QF. Blood cell characterization and transcriptome analysis reveal distinct immune response and host resistance of different ploidy cyprinid fish following Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:547-559. [PMID: 34923115 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila can pose a great threat to survival of freshwater fish. In this study, A. hydrophila infection could decrease blood cell numbers, promote blood cell damage as well as alter the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lysozyme (LZM), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in immune-related tissues of red crucian carp (RCC, 2 N = 100) and triploid cyprinid fish (3 N fish, 3 N = 150). In addition, the significant alternation of antioxidant status was observed in PBMCs isolated from RCC and 3 N following LPS stimulation. The core differential expression genes (DEGs) involved in apoptosis, immunity, inflammation and cellular signals were co-expressed differentially in RCC and 3 N following A. hydrophila challenge. NOD-like receptor (NLR) signals appeared to play a critical role in A. hydrophila-infected fish. DEGs of NLR signals in RCCah vs RCCctl were enriched in caspase-1-dependent Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion, interferon (IFN) signals as well as cytokine activation, while DEGs of NLR signals in 3Nah vs 3Nctl were enriched in caspase-1-dependent IL-1β secretion and antibacterial autophagy. These results highlighted the differential signal regulation of different ploidy cyprinid fish to cope with bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Xia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Jie Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Lan-Fen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Xu-Ying Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China.
| | - Zhuang-Wen Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, PR China
| | - Shao-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China.
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Ming Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Kai-Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Fang-Zhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Chang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Qing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kitani Y, Osaka Y, Ishizaki S. Seawater activates l-amino acid oxidase from the serum of the red-spotted grouper Epinephelusakaara. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:222-232. [PMID: 34838986 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
l-amino acid oxidases (LAOs) catalyze the oxidative deamination of l-amino acid and generate α-keto acid, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide as byproducts. LAOs showed the variety of bioactivity by the resulting hydrogen peroxide. The serum of the red-spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara contains an LAO (Ea-LAO) with the potential to kill bacterial pathogens Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum via hydrogen peroxide. However, it is unknown how the grouper tolerates the harmful effects of the serum Ea-LAO byproducts. In this study, we analyzed the kinetics of fish LAOs to understand how they escape the toxicity of byproducts. The LAO activity of grouper serum was suppressed in low-salt solutions such as NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, and diluted seawater. The activity was non-linearly increased and fitted to the four-parameter log-logistic model. The EC50 of the seawater was calculated to have a 0.72-fold concentration. This result suggested that the Ea-LAO could be activated by mixing with seawater. The results of circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that the α helix content was estimated to be 12.1% and 5.3% in a salt-free buffer (inactive condition) and the original concentration of seawater (active condition), respectively, indicating that the secondary structure of the Ea-LAO in the active condition was randomized. In addition, the Ea-LAO showed reversible LAO activity regulation according to the salt concentration in the environment. Taken together, this indicates that the Ea-LAO is normally on standby as an inactive form, and it could activate as a host-defense molecule to avoid pathogen invasion via a wound when mixed with seawater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Kitani
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi Mu 4-1, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan.
| | - Yuto Osaka
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi Mu 4-1, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Clinton M, Król E, Sepúlveda D, Andersen NR, Brierley AS, Ferrier DEK, Hansen PJ, Lorenzen N, Martin SAM. Gill Transcriptomic Responses to Toxin-producing Alga Prymnesium parvum in Rainbow Trout. Front Immunol 2021; 12:794593. [PMID: 34956228 PMCID: PMC8693183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gill of teleost fish is a multifunctional organ involved in many physiological processes, including protection of the mucosal gill surface against pathogens and other environmental antigens by the gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). Climate change associated phenomena, such as increasing frequency and magnitude of harmful algal blooms (HABs) put extra strain on gill function, contributing to enhanced fish mortality and fish kills. However, the molecular basis of the HAB-induced gill injury remains largely unknown due to the lack of high-throughput transcriptomic studies performed on teleost fish in laboratory conditions. We used juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to investigate the transcriptomic responses of the gill tissue to two (high and low) sublethal densities of the toxin-producing alga Prymnesium parvum, in relation to non-exposed control fish. The exposure time to P. parvum (4–5 h) was sufficient to identify three different phenotypic responses among the exposed fish, enabling us to focus on the common gill transcriptomic responses to P. parvum that were independent of dose and phenotype. The inspection of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), canonical pathways, upstream regulators and downstream effects pointed towards P. parvum-induced inflammatory response and gill inflammation driven by alterations of Acute Phase Response Signalling, IL-6 Signalling, IL-10 Signalling, Role of PKR in Interferon Induction and Antiviral Response, IL-8 Signalling and IL-17 Signalling pathways. While we could not determine if the inferred gill inflammation was progressing or resolving, our study clearly suggests that P. parvum blooms may contribute to the serious gill disorders in fish. By providing insights into the gill transcriptomic responses to toxin-producing P. parvum in teleost fish, our research opens new avenues for investigating how to monitor and mitigate toxicity of HABs before they become lethal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morag Clinton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Elżbieta Król
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Dagoberto Sepúlveda
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Andrew S Brierley
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - David E K Ferrier
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Per Juel Hansen
- Department of Biology, Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Niels Lorenzen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Samuel A M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cray C. Protein electrophoresis of non-traditional species: A review. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:478-494. [PMID: 34881455 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
EPH has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in companion animals while providing an opportunity to characterize globulinemias, including paraproteinemia. In EPH of non-traditional species, these same applications are important, but the primary use is to gauge the acute-phase and humoral immune responses. This includes the valid quantitation of albumin as well as the examination of fractions reflective of increases in acute-phase reactants and immunoglobulins. Agarose gel EPH and, more recently, capillary zone EPH have been applied to samples from these species. Performing these analyses provides special challenges in the placement of fraction delimits, generation of RIs, and interpretation of results. Recommended as part of routine bloodwork, EPH can also provide key results that are helpful in clinical and field-based health assessments as well as in prognostication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Cray
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gnanagobal H, Cao T, Hossain A, Dang M, Hall JR, Kumar S, Van Cuong D, Boyce D, Santander J. Lumpfish ( Cyclopterus lumpus) Is Susceptible to Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection and Induces Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Chronic Stage. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733266. [PMID: 34880856 PMCID: PMC8645940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Renibacterium salmoninarum is a Gram-positive, intracellular pathogen that causes Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) in several fish species in freshwater and seawater. Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) is utilized as a cleaner fish to biocontrol sea lice infestation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farms. Atlantic salmon is susceptible to R. salmoninarum, and it can transfer the infection to other fish species. Although BKD outbreaks have not been reported in lumpfish, its susceptibility and immune response to R. salmoninarum is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility and immune response of lumpfish to R. salmoninarum infection. Groups of lumpfish were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with either R. salmoninarum (1×107, 1×108, or 1×109 cells dose-1) or PBS (control). R. salmoninarum infection kinetics and mortality were followed for 98 days post-infection (dpi). Transcript expression levels of 33 immune-relevant genes were measured in head kidney (n = 6) of fish infected with 1×109 cells/dose and compared to the control at 28 and 98 dpi. Infected lumpfish displayed characteristic clinical signs of BKD. Lumpfish infected with high, medium, and low doses had a survival rate of 65%, 93%, and 95%, respectively. Mortality in the high-dose infected group stabilized after 50 dpi, but R. salmoninarum persisted in the fish tissues until 98 dpi. Cytokines (il1β, il8a, il8b), pattern recognition receptors (tlr5a), interferon-induced effectors (rsad2, mxa, mxb, mxc), and iron regulation (hamp) and acute phase reactant (saa5) related genes were up-regulated at 28 dpi. In contrast, cell-mediated adaptive immunity-related genes (cd4a, cd4b, ly6g6f, cd8a, cd74) were down-regulated at 28 dpi, revealing the immune suppressive nature of R. salmoninarum. However, significant upregulation of cd74 at 98 dpi suggests induction of cell-mediated immune response. This study showed that R. salmoninarum infected lumpfish in a similar fashion to salmonid fish species and caused a chronic infection, enhancing cell-mediated adaptive immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajarooba Gnanagobal
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,Department of Bio-systems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Jaffna, Kilinochchi, Sri Lanka
| | - Trung Cao
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Ahmed Hossain
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - My Dang
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,Ocean Frontier Institute, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Doan Van Cuong
- Southern Monitoring Center for Aquaculture Environment and Epidemic (MCE), Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Danny Boyce
- The Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB), Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Javier Santander
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xiong NX, Luo SW, Mao ZW, Fan LF, Luo KK, Wang S, Hu FZ, Wen M, Liu QF, Liu SJ. Ferritin H can counteract inflammatory response in hybrid fish and its parental species after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 250:109174. [PMID: 34461291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin H can participate in the regulation of fish immunity. Tissue-specific analysis revealed that the highest expressions of Ferritin H in parental species were observed in spleen, while peaked level of Ferritin H mRNA in hybrid fish was observed in liver. In addition, A. hydrophila challenge could sharply enhance their Ferritin H mRNA expression in liver, kidney and spleen. To further investigate their roles in immune regulation, their Ferritin H fusion proteins were produced in vitro. Ferritin H fusion proteins could exhibit a direct binding activity to A. hydrophila and endotoxin in a dose-dependent manner, restrict dissemination of A. hydrophila to tissues and abrogate inflammatory cascades. Moreover, treatment with Ferritin H fusion proteins could reduce A. hydrophila-induced lipid peroxidation. These results indicated that Ferritin H in hybrid fish elicited a similar immune regulation of A. hydrophila-induced inflammatory signals in comparison with those of its parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Xia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Zhuang-Wen Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, PR China
| | - Lan-Fen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Kai-Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Fang-Zhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Ming Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Qing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Shao-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rashidian G, Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Mirnejad R, Mohammadi Azad Z. Supplementation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) diet using a short antimicrobial peptide: Evaluation of growth performance, immunomodulatory function, antioxidant activity, and disease resistance. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:42-50. [PMID: 34597813 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain bioactive peptides are new and promising antimicrobial, immune moderating, and antioxidant agents. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of CM11, a short antimicrobial peptide (AMP), against Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia ruckeri as fish pathogenic bacteria using standard disk diffusion and microdilution assays. In addition, in vivo effects of CM11 on fish growth, immunity, antioxidant activity, and disease resistance were evaluated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model. For in vivo study, based on in vitro susceptibility results, four diets were designed to include zero (as control), 10, 20, and 50 μg of CM11 per g diet referred to as control, P1, P2, and P3 treatments, respectively. After eight weeks of dietary trial, fish were challenged with Streptococcus iniae, and the survival rate was calculated for a period of two weeks. Results showed that CM11 effectively inhibited the growth of S. iniae and Y. ruckeri on agar plates at a concentration of eight μg/ml. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of CM11 were measured at 8 and 32 μg/ml for S. iniae and 16 and 64 μg/ml Y. ruckeri, respectively. In vivo results showed no noticeable effects on fish growth parameters, however, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found lower in P3 and P2 compared to control (P < 0.05). Immunological and antioxidant responses were found strongly affected by CM11 in all treatment groups in which the highest values were found in the P3 treated group. Key immune and antioxidant genes were up-regulated particularly in fish receiving the highest level of CM11 (P3). Fish receiving the CM11 peptide showed better survival when challenged with S. iniae. These findings suggest the potential of CM11 for use in aquaculture as an antibacterial and immunostimulant agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Rashidian
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 64414-356, Noor, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mohammadi Azad
- Department of Microbiology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dietrich MA, Irnazarow I, Adamek M, Jurecka P, Teich L, Rakus K, Kodzik N, Chadzińska M, Steinhagen D, Ciereszko A. 2D-DIGE proteomic analysis of blood plasma reveals changes in immune- and stress-associated proteins following hormonal stimulation of carp males. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:354-368. [PMID: 34560285 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In carp aquaculture, hormonal manipulation with an analog of GnRH (Ovopel) and carp pituitary extract (CPE), which act at different levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, is a routine practice to enhance sperm production. Our recent studies revealed that hormonal stimulation of male carp was associated with changes in the seminal plasma proteome, including blood origin proteins. Here, we explored whether Ovopel and CPE could affect the blood proteome of male carp. Both preparations induced increases in semen volume, total number of sperm, and testosterone level. However, hormonal stimulation did not affect the plasma cortisol and glucose levels. A comparative proteomic analysis of carp blood plasma between the control (PBS) and the hormonally treated males revealed significant changes (>1.2 <-1.2-fold change, P < 0.05) in the abundance of 30 spots (14 up- and 16 downregulated) and 44 spots (28 up- and 16 downregulated) upon CPE and Ovopel treatment, respectively. The most significantly affected pathways were acute phase response signaling, the coagulation system, LXR/RXR and FXR/RXR activation; however, there were different sets of proteins in Ovopel- and CPE-treated males. The majority of differentially abundant proteins were involved in the regulation of the immune defense response, the response to stress, and complement activation. Moreover hormonal stimulation with CPE markedly increased the bactericidal activity of blood and both preparations caused profound changes in gene expression in hematopoietic organs. This work is important in understanding the biological processes behind the protein-based response to hormonal stimulation of sperm production in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariola A Dietrich
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ilgiz Irnazarow
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Zaborze, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrycja Jurecka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Zaborze, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - Lukas Teich
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Rakus
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Kodzik
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chadzińska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Talbot A, Gargan L, Moran G, Prudent L, O'Connor I, Mirimin L, Carlsson J, MacCarthy E. Investigation of the transcriptomic response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gill exposed to Paramoeba perurans during early onset of disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20682. [PMID: 34667245 PMCID: PMC8526816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD), caused by the protozoan extracellular parasite Paramoeba perurans (P. perurans) is a disease affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). This study investigated the gill transcriptomic profile of pre-clinical AGD using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. RNA-seq libraries generated at 0, 4, 7, 14 and 16 days post infection (dpi) identified 19,251 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of which 56.2% were up-regulated. DEGs mapped to 224 Gene Ontology (GO) terms including 140 biological processes (BP), 45 cellular components (CC), and 39 molecular functions (MF). A total of 27 reference pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and 15 Reactome gene sets were identified. The RNA-seq data was validated using real-time, quantitative PCR (qPCR). A host immune response though the activation of complement and the acute phase genes was evident at 7 dpi, with a concurrent immune suppression involving cytokine signalling, notably in interleukins, interferon regulatory factors and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α) genes. Down-regulated gene expression with involvement in receptor signalling pathways (NOD-like, Toll-like and RIG-1) were also identified. The results of this study support the theory that P. perurans can evade immune surveillance during the initial stages of gill colonisation through interference of signal transduction pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Talbot
- Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland.
| | | | - Grainne Moran
- Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland
| | - Louis Prudent
- Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ian O'Connor
- Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland
| | - Luca Mirimin
- Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sun Q, Wang J, Wang G, Wang H, Liu H. Integrated analysis of lncRNA and mRNA in liver of Megalobrama amblycephala post Aeromonas hydrophila infection. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:653. [PMID: 34511071 PMCID: PMC8435129 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As non-coding RNA molecules of more than 200 bp in length, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a variety of roles in biological processes, including regulating the immune responses to bacterial infections. In recent years, there have been many in-depth studies on mammalian lncRNAs, but the relevant studies in fish are very limited. Meanwhile, since lncRNAs are not conserved among species, it is difficult to apply the existing results directly to unstudied species. Results To obtain the information of lncRNAs in Megalobrama amblycephala, one of the most economically important freshwater fish in China, also to better understand the biological significance of lncRNAs in the immunity system, the fish liver at 0, 4, 12, 24, and 72 h post Aeromonas hydrophila infection (hpi) were obtained for lncRNA-sequencing (lncRNA-seq). A total of 14,849 lncRNAs were identified, and 2196 lncRNAs showed significant differences at different time points post A. hydrophila infection. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that the target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs were enriched in several pathways related to immune such as apoptosis, inflammation, and immune response. Time-specific modules were then identified, using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and 28 modules significantly correlated with different time point after infection were found. Furthermore, four immune-related genes and six lncRNAs in the time-specific modules were subsequently verified by RT-qPCR. Conclusions The above findings reveal the discovery of widespread differentially expressed lncRNAs in the M. amblycephala liver post A. hydrophila infection, suggesting that lncRNAs might participate in the regulation of host response to bacterial infection, enriching the information of lncRNAs in teleost and providing a resources basis for further studies on the immune function of lncRNAs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07969-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jixiu Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guowen Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanling Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yin X, Li X, Chen N, Mu L, Wu H, Yang Y, Han K, Huang Y, Wang B, Jian J, Wang A, Ye J. Hemopexin as an acute phase protein regulates the inflammatory response against bacterial infection of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:166-178. [PMID: 34298052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemopexin, a high affinity heme-binding protein is widely involved in variety physiological and pathological processes. It is an important acute phase response protein, and is important in regulating the inflammatory response. In this study, the open reading frame of Nile tilapia hemopexin (OnHpx) gene was amplified. The expression pattern of OnHpx in natural and bacterial challenged tilapia tissues were analyzed through RT-qPCR. The results indicated the OnHpx was most abundant in liver, and increased significantly in liver, spleen, head kidney and peripheral blood after bacterial challenge. Furthermore, the OnHpx mRNA was also significantly up-regulated in monocytes/macrophages and hepatocytes under the stimulation of S. agalactiae or A. hydrophila. In addition, the recombinant OnHpx protein could effectively reduce the bacteria proliferation and alleviate the inflammatory reaction caused by bacteria. Moreover, the (r)OnHpx also regulated the respiratory burst of monocytes/macrophages and played an important role in the antioxidant process. To our knowledge, these results provide the first evidence on the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory response mechanism of Hpx in early vertebrates. This brings new insights about the understanding of the evolutionary origins and ancient roles of the Hpx in the innate immune defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yin
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Life Omics, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Nuo Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Liangliang Mu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Hairong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Kailiang Han
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Jichang Jian
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Anli Wang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hepcidin Protects Yellow Catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) against Aeromonas veronii-Induced Ascites Disease by Regulating Iron Metabolism. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070848. [PMID: 34356769 PMCID: PMC8300743 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) is one of the main pathogens causing bacterial diseases in aquaculture. Although previous studies have shown that hepcidin as an antimicrobial peptide can promote fish resistance to pathogenic bacterial infections, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we expressed and purified recombinant yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) hepcidin protein (rPfHep). rPfHep can up-regulate the expression of ferritin and enhance the antibacterial activity in primary hepatocytes of yellow catfish. We employed berberine hydrochloride (BBR) and Fursultiamine (FSL) as agonists and antagonists for hepcidin, respectively. The results indicated that agonist BBR can inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, and the antagonist FSL shows the opposite effect. After gavage administration, rPfHep and the agonist BBR can enhance the accumulation of iron in liver, which may hinder the iron transport and limit the amount of iron available to pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, rPfHep and the agonist BBR can also reduce the mortality rate, bacterial load and histological lesions in yellow catfish infected with A. veronii. Therefore, hepcidin is an important mediator of iron metabolism, and it can be used as a candidate target for prevent bacterial infections in yellow catfish. Hepcidin and BBR have potential application value in preventing anti-bacterial infection.
Collapse
|
45
|
Ramírez C, Rojas R, Romero J. Partial Evaluation of Autochthonous Probiotic Potential of the Gut Microbiota of Seriola lalandi. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:672-682. [PMID: 31077007 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Seriola lalandi is an economically important species that is globally distributed in temperate and subtropical marine waters. Aquaculture production of this species has had problems associated with intensive fish farming, such as disease outbreaks or nutritional deficiencies causing high mortality. Intestinal microbiota are involved in many processes that benefit a host, such as disease control, stimulation of the immune response, and the promotion of nutrient metabolism. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro probiotic properties of bacteria isolated from the intestinal content of wild Seriola lalandi. The probiotic potential was evaluated in terms of (i) the antimicrobial activity against vibrios causing outbreaks in farmed fish; (ii) the ability to stimulate genes related to an innate immune response in fish; and (iii) antibiotic resistance. Nineteen isolates identified as Pseudomonas, Shewanella, Psychrobacter, and Acinetobacter showed antimicrobial activity and significant relative expression of cytokines, serum amyloid A protein (SAA), hepcidin, and lysozyme. A positive correlation was observed between the levels of expression and the bacterial load after 24 h of exposure. Pseudomonas isolates showed a level of antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, isolates of the genera Shewanella, Psychrobacter, and Acinetobacter could serve as potential probiotics in S. lalandi culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Doctorado en Acuicultura, Programa Cooperativo Universidad de Chile, Universidad Católica del Norte, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Jaime Romero
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lopes PC, French SS, Woodhams DC, Binning SA. Sickness behaviors across vertebrate taxa: proximate and ultimate mechanisms. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:260576. [PMID: 33942101 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.225847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is nothing like a pandemic to get the world thinking about how infectious diseases affect individual behavior. In this respect, sick animals can behave in ways that are dramatically different from healthy animals: altered social interactions and changes to patterns of eating and drinking are all hallmarks of sickness. As a result, behavioral changes associated with inflammatory responses (i.e. sickness behaviors) have important implications for disease spread by affecting contacts with others and with common resources, including water and/or sleeping sites. In this Review, we summarize the behavioral modifications, including changes to thermoregulatory behaviors, known to occur in vertebrates during infection, with an emphasis on non-mammalian taxa, which have historically received less attention. We then outline and discuss our current understanding of the changes in physiology associated with the production of these behaviors and highlight areas where more research is needed, including an exploration of individual and sex differences in the acute phase response and a greater understanding of the ecophysiological implications of sickness behaviors for disease at the population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Lopes
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Susannah S French
- Department of Biology and The Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Douglas C Woodhams
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Sandra A Binning
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C 3J7
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li W, Tao Y, Song CF, Feng YD, Xie J, Qian YF. Multiple Copies of the Fusion Gene cflyC-mzfDB3 Enhance the Expression of a Hybrid Antimicrobial Peptide in Pichia pastoris. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
48
|
Epidermal Club Cells in Fishes: A Case for Ecoimmunological Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031440. [PMID: 33535506 PMCID: PMC7867084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal club cells (ECCs), along with mucus cells, are present in the skin of many fishes, particularly in the well-studied Ostariophysan family Cyprinidae. Most ECC-associated literature has focused on the potential role of ECCs as a component of chemical alarm cues released passively when a predator damages the skin of its prey, alerting nearby prey to the presence of an active predator. Because this warning system is maintained by receiver-side selection (senders are eaten), there is want of a mechanism to confer fitness benefits to the individual that invests in ECCs to explain their evolutionary origin and maintenance in this speciose group of fishes. In an attempt to understand the fitness benefits that accrue from investment in ECCs, we reviewed the phylogenetic distribution of ECCs and their histochemical properties. ECCs are found in various forms in all teleost superorders and in the chondrostei inferring either early or multiple independent origins over evolutionary time. We noted that ECCs respond to several environmental stressors/immunomodulators including parasites and pathogens, are suppressed by immunomodulators such as testosterone and cortisol, and their density covaries with food ration, demonstrating a dynamic metabolic cost to maintaining these cells. ECC density varies widely among and within fish populations, suggesting that ECCs may be a convenient tool with which to assay ecoimmunological tradeoffs between immune stress and foraging activity, reproductive state, and predator-prey interactions. Here, we review the case for ECC immune function, immune functions in fishes generally, and encourage future work describing the precise role of ECCs in the immune system and life history evolution in fishes.
Collapse
|
49
|
Moraleda-Prados J, Caballero-Huertas M, Valdivieso A, Joly S, Ji J, Roher N, Ribas L. Epigenetic differences in the innate response after immune stimulation during zebrafish sex differentiation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103848. [PMID: 32888969 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Infections are able to trigger epigenetic modifications; however, epigenetic-mediating infections in the immune system in fish is currently unavailable. Within this purpose, zebrafish were immune-stimulated with three lipopolysaccharides (LPS) during sex differentiation. Methylation patterns of three immune genes were studied by a candidate gene approach together with gene expression analysis, and in adulthood, sex ratios were determined. It was shown that the entrance of LPS was through the gills and accumulated in the pronephros. Significant hypomethylation levels of CASP9 and a significant CpG site for IL1β after Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS exposure were found. No methylation difference was observed for TNFα. Gene expression and correlation data differed among studied genes. Sex ratios showed a feminization in dose and LPS strain-dependent manner. Here, it is provided epigenetic regulatory mechanisms derived by innate response and the first evidence of possible epigenetic interactions between the immune and reproductive systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Moraleda-Prados
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Caballero-Huertas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology (IEA), Department of Environmental Sciences. Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona (UdG), Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Valdivieso
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Joly
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ji
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB) and Dep. de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia Animal i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - N Roher
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB) and Dep. de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia Animal i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Ribas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Scharsack JP, Wieczorek B, Schmidt-Drewello A, Büscher J, Franke F, Moore A, Branca A, Witten A, Stoll M, Bornberg-Bauer E, Wicke S, Kurtz J. Climate change facilitates a parasite's host exploitation via temperature-mediated immunometabolic processes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:94-107. [PMID: 33067869 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change can influence organismic interactions like those between hosts and parasites. Rising temperatures may exacerbate the exploitation of hosts by parasites, especially in ectothermic systems. The metabolic activity of ectotherms is strongly linked to temperature and generally increases when temperatures rise. We hypothesized that temperature change in combination with parasite infection interferes with the host's immunometabolism. We used a parasite, the avian cestode Schistocephalus solidus, which taps most of its resources from the metabolism of an ectothermic intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback. We experimentally exposed sticklebacks to this parasite, and studied liver transcriptomes 50 days after infection at 13°C and 24°C, to assess their immunometabolic responses. Furthermore, we monitored fitness parameters of the parasite and examined immunity and body condition of the sticklebacks at 13°C, 18°C and 24°C after 36, 50 and 64 days of infection. At low temperatures (13°C), S. solidus growth was constrained, presumably also by the more active stickleback's immune system, thus delaying its infectivity for the final host to 64 days. Warmer temperature (18°C and 24°C) enhanced S. solidus growth, and it became infective to the final host already after 36 days. Overall, S. solidus produced many more viable offspring after development at elevated temperatures. In contrast, stickleback hosts had lower body conditions, and their immune system was less active at warm temperature. The stickleback's liver transcriptome revealed that mainly metabolic processes were differentially regulated between temperatures, whereas immune genes were not strongly affected. Temperature effects on gene expression were strongly enhanced in infected sticklebacks, and even in exposed-but-not-infected hosts. These data suggest that the parasite exposure in concert with rising temperature, as to be expected with global climate change, shifted the host's immunometabolism, thus providing nutrients for the enormous growth of the parasite and, at the same time suppressing immune defence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn P Scharsack
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Wieczorek
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmidt-Drewello
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Limnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janine Büscher
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frederik Franke
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrew Moore
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Molecular Evolution & Bioinformatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antoine Branca
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Molecular Evolution & Bioinformatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anika Witten
- Institute for Human Genetics, Core Facility Genomics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Institute for Human Genetics, Core Facility Genomics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Erich Bornberg-Bauer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Molecular Evolution & Bioinformatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susann Wicke
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Plant Evolutionary Genomics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|