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Luo L, Meng X, Wang S, Zhang R, Guo K, Zhao Z. Effects of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) polysaccharide on the growth, antioxidant, immunity response, intestinal microbiota, and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133711. [PMID: 38977043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Ginger polysaccharides (GP) promote growth and development in fish. However, the effects of GP on crucian carp remain unclear. The present study investigated the effects of GP on the growth performance, immunity, intestinal microbiota, and disease resistance in crucian carp. Four treatment groups were established with different concentrations of GP (0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, and 0.8 %). GP was not added as the control group, and the feeding period lasted for 56 d, followed by a 96-h anti-infection treatment using Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that dietary GP significantly improved growth performance, especially in the 0.4 % GP group. Furthermore, GP administration notably increased serum lysozyme (LMZ) activity, digestive enzyme performance, and antioxidant capacity of crucian carp. Moreover, dietary inclusion of GP up-regulated the expression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) genes while down-regulating IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) gene expressions, thus promoting liver health in crucian carp. Additionally, incorporating GP into the diet regulated both the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota in crucian carp, explicitly enhancing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes. Therefore, GP reduces the mortality of crucian carp infected with A. hydrophila. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into the application of dietary GP in cultured fish and evaluates the value of traditional Chinese medicinal polysaccharides against pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, PR China
| | - Shihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China
| | - Kun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, PR China.
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Tzortzatos OP, Toubanaki DK, Kolygas MN, Kotzamanis Y, Roussos E, Bakopoulos V, Chatzopoulos A, Athanassopoulou F, Karagouni E. Dietary Artemisia arborescens Supplementation Effects on Growth, Oxidative Status, and Immunity of Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata L.). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1161. [PMID: 38672308 PMCID: PMC11047518 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish infectious diseases are one of the main constraints of the aquaculture sector. The use of medicinal plants provides a sustainable way of protection using safe, eco-friendly compounds in a more cost-effective way of treatment, compared to antibiotics. The aim of the present study is the assessment of Artemisia arborescens (AA) feed-supplementation effects on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Fish with an average initial body weight of 109.43 ± 3.81 g, were divided into two groups based on AA feed composition (A25 and A50). Following two months of ad libitum feeding, the effect of diets on fish weight and length were measured. Fish serum and mucus were analyzed for non-specific immune parameters (nitric oxide, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, protease-/anti-protease activity, and complement), antibody responses, oxidative stress (cytochrome P450 1A1, metallothionein), and metabolism markers (total protein, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose). Expression levels of antioxidants (sod1, gpx1), cytokines (il-1b, il-10, tfgb1, and tnfa), hepcidin, and heat shock protein grp75 genes were measured in spleen samples. A results analysis indicated that A. arborescens use as a feed supplement has a compromised positive effect on the growth performance, immune response, and blood parameters of gilthead seabream. Overall, the suitability of A. arborescens as an efficient food supplement for gilthead seabream health improvement was investigated, setting the basis for its application assessment in Mediterranean aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odysseas-Panagiotis Tzortzatos
- Immunology of Infection Group, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (O.-P.T.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Dimitra K. Toubanaki
- Immunology of Infection Group, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (O.-P.T.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Markos N. Kolygas
- Laboratory of Ichthyology & Fish Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.N.K.); (F.A.)
| | - Yannis Kotzamanis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 19013 Athens, Greece; (Y.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Efstratios Roussos
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 19013 Athens, Greece; (Y.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Vasileios Bakopoulos
- Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Lesvos, 81100 Mytilene, Greece;
| | | | - Fotini Athanassopoulou
- Laboratory of Ichthyology & Fish Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.N.K.); (F.A.)
| | - Evdokia Karagouni
- Immunology of Infection Group, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (O.-P.T.); (D.K.T.)
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Anany EM, Ibrahim MA, El-Razek IMA, El-Nabawy ESM, Amer AA, Zaineldin AI, Gewaily MS, Dawood MAO. Combined Effects of Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the Growth Performance, Feed Utilization Intestinal Health, and Blood Biomarkers of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed Fish Meal-Free Diets. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10199-8. [PMID: 38157128 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Aquafeed quality is the most critical factor for aquaculture sustainability. However, limitations of traditional feed ingredients such as fishmeal (FM) need alternative strategies to ensure the nutritional requirements for aquatic animals. In this trial, four test diets were formulated (2 × 2 factorial design), where FM was incorporated in two diets at 10% with or without Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) at 1 g/kg. At the same time, FM was replaced with yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meal (TM) with or without SC at 1 g/kg. The growth performance indices (final weight, weight gain, and SGR), and the feed utilization indices (FCR and PER) were markedly affected by the protein source (FM or TM) and dietary SC (P < 0.05). The protein source (FM or TM) significantly (P < 0.05) affected the whole-body protein and lipid contents, while the moisture and ash contents were unaffected (P > 0.05) by TM or SC. The growth of the intestinal villi showed a marked increase in both height and branching in the treated groups with SC along the whole length of the intestine. Furthermore, the immune cell infiltration was prominent near the intestinal crypts of the middle intestinal segments in the supplemented groups by SC. Dietary TM and SC revealed improved hepatic parenchyma in the liver tissue better than other groups. The hematological indices, including hemoglobulin, hematocrit, red blood cells, and white blood cells, were markedly affected by dietary SC (P < 0.05). The lysozyme activity and phagocytic index were markedly affected by dietary SC, while phagocytic activity was affected by dietary TM (P < 0.05). The catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde were markedly affected by the interaction between dietary protein source and SC, while superoxide dismutase was affected by dietary SC (P < 0.05). In conclusion, adding SC could enhance the utilization of TM by Nile tilapia with positive effects on the intestinal and liver histological features and the immune and antioxidative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M Anany
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Ibrahim
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Abd El-Razek
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - El-Said M El-Nabawy
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Asem A Amer
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Abbassa, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr I Zaineldin
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI-DOKI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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Perdichizzi A, Meola M, Caccamo L, Caruso G, Gai F, Maricchiolo G. Live Yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii) Supplementation in a European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Diet: Effects on the Growth and Immune Response Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3383. [PMID: 37958138 PMCID: PMC10647322 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study has been aimed at evaluating the effects of the dietary inclusion of the live yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (LSB) administered at increasing concentrations (0, 100, and 300 mg kg-1 of feed, here referred to as LSB 0, 100, 300) for 90 days, on the health conditions of European sea bass. The main zootechnical parameters, histological and morphological analyses, innate immunity response parameters (intestinal cytokine expression, lysozyme content, spontaneous hemolytic and hemagglutinating activities, antibacterial activities, and peroxidase activity) were measured as fish welfare parameters. LSB did not impair either growth parameters or the morphometric indexes. LSB down-regulated interleukin-1β transcription in the distal gut of fish treated with 5.4 × 105 CFU g-1 (LSB100) for 21 days. The interleukin-6 mRNA level decreased significantly in the proximal gut for both doses of yeast, after 21 days of feeding; the gene expression of interleukin-6 was significantly lower in the sea bass fed 10.81 × 105 CFU g-1 (LSB300) probiotic. The levels of TNF-α mRNA were not influenced by probiotic supplementation. Increases, although not significant, in the hematological and immunological parameters were also recorded. The data collected in the present study suggests that an LSB-supplemented diet acts on the gut immune system of sea bass by modulating the expression of the key inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Perdichizzi
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Spianata S. Raineri, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (L.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Martina Meola
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Spianata S. Raineri, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (L.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Letteria Caccamo
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Spianata S. Raineri, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (L.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Gabriella Caruso
- Institute of Polar Sciences (CNR), Spianata S. Raineri, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR), Largo Paolo Braccini, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Giulia Maricchiolo
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Spianata S. Raineri, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (L.C.); (G.M.)
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Vasilaki A, Mente E, Fountoulaki E, Henry M, Nikoloudaki C, Berillis P, Kousoulaki K, Nengas I. Fishmeal, plant protein, and fish oil substitution with single-cell ingredients in organic feeds for European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1199497. [PMID: 37256067 PMCID: PMC10225740 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1199497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell ingredients (SCI) are considered promising nutrient sources which are produced using environmentally friendly biotechnological processes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the replacement of fishmeal, plant protein sources, and fish oil with SCI in organic feeds for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Bacterial protein, yeast protein, and microalgae were used to replace fishmeal trimmings, soya bean meal, and fish oil from trimmings. Triplicate groups (30 fish per replicate) of European sea bass (14.4 ± 2.4 g) were fed the experimental diets for 71 days. The results showed that the incorporation of SCI at all levels of inclusion significantly enhanced nutrient digestibility. Additionally, growth performance parameters were not affected by SCI inclusion, exhibiting similar or improved values. Moreover, a tendency for improved anterior and posterior gut structure was observed and a significant increase of lysozyme activity at the two highest inclusion levels of SCI was determined. Overall, the results showed that the inclusion of SCI at 15% (bacterial: yeast: algae-9.4: 4.7: 1) is possible without compromising any of the parameters evaluated. According to these findings, a higher substitution of fishmeal trimmings, plant protein sources, and fish oil from trimmings with SCI in organic diets for European sea bass (D. labrax) can be further evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Vasilaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Attica, Greece
| | - E. Mente
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Fountoulaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Attica, Greece
| | - M. Henry
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Attica, Greece
| | - C. Nikoloudaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Attica, Greece
| | - P. Berillis
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - K. Kousoulaki
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Fyllingsdalen, Norway
| | - I. Nengas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Attica, Greece
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Kumar S, Verma AK, Singh SP, Awasthi A. Immunostimulants for shrimp aquaculture: paving pathway towards shrimp sustainability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25325-25343. [PMID: 35025041 PMCID: PMC8755978 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
At present, food security is a matter of debate of global magnitude and fulfilling the feeding requirement of > 8 billion human populations by 2030 is one of the major concerns of the globe. Aquaculture plays a significant role to meet the global food requirement. Shrimp species such as Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii are among the most popular food commodities worldwide. As per Global Outlook for Aquaculture Leadership survey, disease outbreaks have been a matter of concern from the past many decades regarding the shrimp aquaculture production. Among the past disease outbreaks, white spot disease caused by the white spot syndrome virus is considered to be one of the most devastating ones that caused colossal losses to the shrimp industry. Since the virus is highly contagious, it spreads gregariously among the shrimp population; hence, practicing proper sanitization practices is crucial in order to have disease-free shrimps. Additionally, in order to control the disease, antibiotics were used that further leads to bioaccumulation and biomagnification of antibiotics in several food webs. The bioaccumulation of the toxic residues in the food webs further adversely affected human too. Recently, immunostimulants/antivirals were used as an alternative to antibiotics. They were found to enhance the immune system of shrimps in eco-friendly manner. In context to this, the present paper presents a critical review on the immunostimulants available from plants, animals, and chemicals against WSSV in shrimps. Looking into this scenario, maintaining proper sanitation procedures in conjunction with the employment of immunostimulants may be a viable approach for preserving shrimp aquaculture across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arunima Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Government Autonomous P.G. College, Madhya Pradesh, Satna, India
| | - Shivesh Pratap Singh
- Department of Zoology, Government Autonomous P.G. College, Madhya Pradesh, Satna, India
| | - Abhishek Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Wang B, Wang Y, Jia T, Feng J, Qu C, Wu X, Yang X, Zhang Q. Changes in physiological responses and immunity of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala from transport stress. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1183-1192. [PMID: 35945370 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of transport stress on the physiological responses and immunity of Megalobrama amblycephala (blunt snout bream). Fish (109.67 ± 1.51 g) were sampled at nine time points: before transport (control), at 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days after 4 h of medium-distance transportation, and four fish were sampled in each time point. The results showed that plasma cortisol, triiodothyronine (T3), complement component 3 (C3), complement component 4 (C4), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) concentrations, and alternative complement pathway (ACH50), acid phosphatase (ACP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities all reached the peak at 0 h after transportation; C4 and NO concentrations as well as ACP and MPO activities returned to the control level after 1 h, ACH50 activity as well as cortisol, T3, and IgM concentration returned to the control level after 12 h, and C3 concentration returned to the control level after 24 h respectively. Plasma glucose and total protein concentrations as well as lysozyme activity all reached the peak at 1 h after transportation, total protein concentration and lysozyme activity returned to the control level after 3 h, and glucose concentration returned to the control level after 6 h (P < 0.05). Liver heat shock protein 70 expression reached the peak at 1 h after transportation, and returned to the control level after 24 h; liver heat shock protein 90 expression reached the peak at 0 h after transportation and returned to the control level after 12 h (P < 0.05). Overall, these findings suggested that 4 h of medium-distance transportation caused stress response of blunt snout bream, and transport stress had a significant effect on plasma indicators. But the recovery of 24 h after transport could return the physiological response, immune indexes, and the expression of heat shock protein to the normal level. This also provided data support for the medium-distance transportation of blunt snout bream in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Wang
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
- Henan Fishery Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
- Henan Fishery Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jia
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
- Henan Fishery Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Feng
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
- Henan Fishery Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyi Qu
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
- Henan Fishery Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
- Henan Fishery Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingli Yang
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
- Henan Fishery Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Fishery Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China.
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Soliman SA, Emeish WFA, Abdel-Hafeez HH. Lactoferrin improves the immune response and resistance of silver carp, a hematological, light (histochemical and immunohistochemical), fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopic study. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3565-3581. [PMID: 35876377 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein that has roles in iron metabolism, cell generation and differentiation, and antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic activity. The study aim was to evaluate the effect of dietary lactoferrin powder on the innate immune response and disease resistance of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) infected with Vibrio vulnificus. The study also investigates immune cells in different organs including gills, intestine, spleen, liver, and pancreas using light, scan electron microcopy. Two diet regimes, a basic diet and a 600-mg/kg bovine lactoferrin-supplemented diet were used. The fish were fed for 30 successive days. We included 270 apparently healthy silver carp (H. Molitrix) with an average body weight of 10 ± 2 g/fish. Addition of lactoferrin to the diet led to an increase in the activity of non-specific immune parameters; lymphocytes, and in the monocytes percentage, and in total protein, serum globulin, and albumin, with a corresponding increase in phagocytic activities and indices. The histological analysis revealed increase immune cells such as lymphocytes in intestine, rodlet cells in liver, gills, and pancreas, and the macrophages in liver, pancreas as well as spleen. The lactoferrin-supplemented diet significantly increased survival and disease resistance following V. vulnificus challenge, which seemed to correspond to an enhancement of non-specific immune functions in H. molitrix. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The study evaluates the effect of dietary lactoferrin powder on the innate immune response and disease resistance of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) infected with Vibrio vulnificus. The study also investigates immune cells in different organs including gills, intestine, spleen, liver, and pancreas using light, scan electron microcopy. Lactoferrin increases the activity of nonspecific immune parameters; lymphocytes, and in the monocytes percentage, and in total protein, serum globulin, and albumin, with a corresponding increase in phagocytic activities and indices. The histological analysis revealed increase immune cells such as lymphocytes in intestine, rodlet cells in liver, gills, and pancreas, and the macrophages in liver, pancreas as well as spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Walaa F A Emeish
- Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Specific importance of low level dietary supplementation of Lypomyces starkeyi CB1807 yeast strain in red sea bream ( Pagrus major). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Most probiotic yeast supplement in fish exhibit beneficial effect at ≤1% of the dietary proportion. This study aimed at evaluating the specific effects of Lypomyces starkeyi CB1807 yeast strain supplemented at ≤1% of dietary proportion on the performance of juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major, 1.9 ± 0.04 g). Five diets were supplemented with yeast at graded levels of 0% (Control diet ‘CD1’), 0.05% (D2), 0.1% (D3), 0.5% (D4), and 1.0% (D5). After 45-days of feeding trial, significant (P<0.05) improvement was detected on final body weight (FBW) and body weight gain (BWG) in fish fed D3 and D5 compared to control. Low values of total cholesterol (T-Cho) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were recorded in fish groups fed on D2, D4, and D5, respectively. Fish fed on D3, D4 and D5 diets showed high (P<0.05) values of serum, mucus and liver lysozyme compared to control. Fish fed on D5 showed high values of Total immunoglobulin (Ig) compared to control. Fish fed on D2 showed strong correlation with biological antioxidant activity (BAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity (CAT). The biological antioxidant potential (BAP) activity in fish fed on D2 was significantly higher compared to control (P<0.05). The reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) were significantly lower in fish fed on D2 and D3 compared to CD1 (P<0.05). Peroxidase activity was improved significantly (P<0.05) in fish fed on D3, D4 and D5 compared to control. The tolerance ability (LT50) of fish fed on D5 against low salinity stress were significantly higher compared to control (P<0.05). It was concluded that dietary benefits of spent L. starkeyi yeast at ≤1% showed considerable improvement in antioxidant capacity in red sea bream, P. major.
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Neuls L, Souza VJD, Romão S, Bitencourt TB, Ramos CJR, Parra JEG, Cazarolli LH. Immunomodulatory effects of Yarrowia lipolytica as a food additive in the diet of Nile tilapia. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:272-279. [PMID: 34653665 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of yeasts as a dietary additive for fish can act as a source of nutrients and as an immunostimulant. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of the fermented biomass of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica as a food additive on zootechnical and hematological parameters, and on immune response in the plasma and kidney of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). After supplementation with 3, 5, and 7% of the yeast biomass for 35 days, the blood and tissues of the animals of each experimental group were collected for analysis. The addition of this biomass in the feed promoted an improvement of zootechnical parameters in tilapia. There was also a rise in the number of neutrophils (groups with 3, 5, and 7%) and monocytes (group 3, 5, and 7%) compared with the control group. Moreover, there was an increase in the levels of lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, and nitrite/nitrate content in the blood of animals fed with yeast biomass. On the other hand, there were no observed alterations in survival and hematological parameters of animals fed with yeast biomass. In the analysis of the kidney, the addition of biomass in feed promoted an increase in levels of myeloperoxidase (group with 3%) but did not alter the levels of lysozyme and nitrite/nitrate content. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Y. lipolytica had growth and immunostimulatory effects on Nile tilapia. These findings strongly suggest the potential application of a Y. lipolytica-based immunostimulant for tilapia aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Neuls
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Laranjeiras Do Sul Campus, Km 405, BR 158 Road, P.O. Box: 106, 85301-970, Laranjeiras Do Sul, PR, Brazil
| | - Valmir José de Souza
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Laranjeiras Do Sul Campus, Km 405, BR 158 Road, P.O. Box: 106, 85301-970, Laranjeiras Do Sul, PR, Brazil
| | - Silvia Romão
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Laranjeiras Do Sul Campus, Km 405, BR 158 Road, P.O. Box: 106, 85301-970, Laranjeiras Do Sul, PR, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bergler Bitencourt
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Laranjeiras Do Sul Campus, Km 405, BR 158 Road, P.O. Box: 106, 85301-970, Laranjeiras Do Sul, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Raupp Ramos
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Laranjeiras Do Sul Campus, Km 405, BR 158 Road, P.O. Box: 106, 85301-970, Laranjeiras Do Sul, PR, Brazil
| | - Jorge Erick Garcia Parra
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Laranjeiras Do Sul Campus, Km 405, BR 158 Road, P.O. Box: 106, 85301-970, Laranjeiras Do Sul, PR, Brazil
| | - Luisa Helena Cazarolli
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Laranjeiras Do Sul Campus, Km 405, BR 158 Road, P.O. Box: 106, 85301-970, Laranjeiras Do Sul, PR, Brazil.
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11
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Van Doan H, Balamurugan P, Arockiaraj J, Balasundaram C. Hepatic antioxidant activity, immunomodulation, and pro-anti-inflammatory cytokines manipulation of κ-carrageenan (κ-CGN) in cobia, Rachycentron canadum against Lactococcus garvieae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:128-144. [PMID: 34562582 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary k-Carrageenan (k-CGN) at 10, 20, and 30 g kg-1 on growth rate, hemato-biochemical indices, innate-adaptive parameters and modification of pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines pathway in cobia, Rachycentron canadum against Lactococcus garvieae is reported. The weight gain (WG) increased substantially (P < 0.05) in all k-CGN treated groups; the specific growth rate (SGR) was significant in healthy uninfected normal (HuN) and L. garvieae challenged (LaC) groups fed with 20 g kg-1k-CGN diet on 45 and 60 days. The white blood cell (WBC) counts, total protein (TP) level, total anti-oxidant (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) activities increased significantly when fed with 20 g and 30 g kg-1k-CG diets on 45th and 60th day. The immunological parameters such as phagocytic (PC) index and the activity of phagocytic (PC), respiratory burst (RB), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alternate complement pathway (ACH50), and lysozyme (LZM) were significantly enhanced with all k-CG diets in 45 and 60 days of treatment. No cumulative mortality (CM) in HuN group fed by control or any k-CGN diets. CM was 5% in LaC group fed with 20 g kg-1k-CGN diet whereas in LaC groups fed with 10 g and 30 g kg-1k-CGN diets the CM was 10%. The interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA transcripts were one-fold high (P < 0.05) in both HuN and LaC group fed all k-CGN enriched diets on 45 and 60 days. Similarly, IL-18 and TLR2 mRNA was one-fold high expression in both groups fed the 20 g and 30 g kg-1k-CGN enriched diets on 45 or 60 days. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interferon regulatory factor 3/7 (IRF3/IRF7) mRNA transcripts did not change with any diet. IL-6, IL-10, and IL-11 mRNA were one-fold high expressions in both groups fed the 20 g and 30 g kg-1k-CGN enriched diets on 45 and 60 days. However, the expression of CC1, CC3, and CCR9 pro-inflammatory chemokines mRNA did not vary with any control or k-CGN enriched diets. The results indicate that diet enriched with k-CGN at 20 g kg-1 significantly influences the growth, antioxidant and innate-adaptive immune performance, and pro-anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines regulation in cobia against L. garvieae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Paramaraj Balamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Michael College of Engineering and Technology, Kalayarkoil, 630 551, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
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β-glucan as a promising food additive and immunostimulant in aquaculture industry. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in aquatic feed reduces the incidence of disease and enhances growth performance, although it presents harmful effects, such as development of resistant bacteria and accumulation in the natural environment. A variety of immune stimulants including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, phytobiotics, organic acids, nucleotides, antioxidants, microalgae, yeast and enzymes have been used in the aquaculture industry. In recent decades, much attention has been paid on finding a variety of immunostimulants with lower cost which also affect specific and non-specific immunity and improve fish resistance against a wide range of pathogens. These stimulants strengthen the fish’s immune system by increasing the number of phagocytes, lysozyme activity and level of immunoglobulin. The use of immune stimulants as an effective tool to overcome diseases and strengthen the immune system of farmed species, leads to the promotion of cellular and humoral defense mechanisms and increases resistance to infectious diseases. Among these immunostimulants used in aquaculture, β-glucans are of particular importance. Glucans are complex polysaccharide compounds extracted from the cell wall of yeasts and fungi. These compounds can stimulate fish growth, survival, and immune function. Therefore, this review discusses the role and importance of β-glucan as a food additive in aquaculture and examines the impact of these compounds on the growth performance, immunity and biochemical parameters of farmed species.
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Xu Y, Li Y, Xue M, Yang T, Luo X, Fan Y, Meng Y, Liu W, Lin G, Li B, Zeng L, Zhou Y. Effects of Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae YFI-SC2 on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Parameters, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance of Crayfish (Procambarus clarkia). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071963. [PMID: 34209070 PMCID: PMC8300296 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YFI-SC2 on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune parameters, intestinal microbiota, and disease resistance of crayfish (Procambarus clarkia). Crayfish were randomly assigned to six different boxes and two different groups in triplicate. The control group received a basal diet and the treatment group received a diet containing S. cerevisiae at 107 CFU/g. After feeding for 28 days, crayfish of the treatment group exhibited a significantly better weight gain ratio (WGR) and a specific growth rate (SGR) (p < 0.05) than crayfish of the control group. Compared to the treatment group, the control group intestines showed an oedema connective tissue layer and a weak muscle layer. For immune-related genes, Crustin2 expression was similar between the groups, whereas Lysozyme and prophenoloxidase from treatment group expression levels were upregulated significantly (p < 0.05) after 14 and 28 days of feeding. Prophenoloxidase showed the highest expression, with 10.5- and 8.2-fold higher expression than in the control group at 14 and 28 days, respectively. The intestinal microbiota community structure was markedly different between the two groups. After 14 and 28 days of feeding, the relative abundance of Cetobacterium and Lactobacillus increased, whereas Citrobacter and Bacteroides decreased in the treatment group compared with that of the control group. The challenge test showed that crayfish of the treatment group had a significantly enhanced resistance against Citrobacter freundii (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that a S. cerevisiae-containing diet positively influenced the health status, immune parameters, intestinal microbiota composition, and disease resistance of crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Yiqun Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Tao Yang
- Animal Health Research Institute, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Xiaowen Luo
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Ge Lin
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Bo Li
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430207, China;
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-18627783535 (L.Z.); +86-13554642560 (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-18627783535 (L.Z.); +86-13554642560 (Y.Z.)
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Chuphal N, Singha KP, Sardar P, Sahu NP, Shamna N, Kumar V. Scope of Archaea in Fish Feed: a New Chapter in Aquafeed Probiotics? Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1668-1695. [PMID: 33821466 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of diseases leading to substantial loss is a major bottleneck in aquaculture. Over the last decades, the concept of using feed probiotics was more in focus to address the growth and health of cultivable aquatic organisms. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the distinct functionality of archaea from conventional probiotics in nutrient utilization, specific caloric contribution, evading immune response and processing thermal resistance. The prime limitation of conventional probiotics is the viability of desired microbes under harsh feed processing conditions. To overcome the constraints of commercial probiotics pertaining to incompatibility towards industrial processing procedure, a super microbe, archaea, appears to be a potential alternative approach in aquaculture. The peculiarity of the archaeal cell wall provides them with heat stability and rigidity under industrial processing conditions. Besides, archaea being one of the gut microbial communities participates in various health-oriented biological functions in animals. Thus, the current review devoted that administration of archaea in aquafeed could be a promising strategy in aquaculture. Archaea may be used as a potential probiotic with the possible modes of functions and advantages over conventional probiotics in aquafeed preparation. The present review also provides the challenges associated with the use of archaea for aquaculture and a brief outline of the patents on archaea to highlight the various use of archaea in different sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Chuphal
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Krishna Pada Singha
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India.,Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3020, USA
| | - Parimal Sardar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India.
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Naseemashahul Shamna
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3020, USA.
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Weichert FG, Axén C, Förlin L, Inostroza PA, Kammann U, Welling A, Sturve J, Asker N. A multi-biomarker study on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) affected by the emerging Red Skin Disease in the Baltic Sea. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:429-440. [PMID: 33103251 PMCID: PMC7984219 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For half a decade, the Atlantic salmon in the Baltic Sea has been facing severe health issues. Clinical signs like haemorrhage, erosions and ulcerative/necrotic skin conditions in returning adults have been reported from different Swedish rivers. These primary disease signs precede a secondary, terminal fungal infection. As initial investigations of the disease did not provide conclusive answers regarding the pathogenesis, this study was initiated to gain insight into a possible link between this so-called Red Skin Disease and anthropogenic influences. Therefore, returning salmon were caught in rivers along the Swedish coast and different tissues were sampled. The focus was put on the measurements of a battery of biomarkers as well as biochemical and haematological parameters, which were analysed using multivariate statistics. The main findings were a severe osmotic haemodilution, an immune response and an alteration of the carbohydrate metabolism in diseased fish. Furthermore, oxidative stress does not seem to be a likely factor in the pathogenesis. Concluding, certain changes in physiological parameters were shown to be indicative for the disease patterns, while others were ruled out as significant factors. Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of the Red Skin Disease and may act as a hypothesis generator for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian G. Weichert
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Charlotte Axén
- Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA)UppsalaSweden
| | - Lars Förlin
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Pedro A. Inostroza
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | | | | | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Noomi Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Arsène MMJ, Davares AKL, Andreevna SL, Vladimirovich EA, Carime BZ, Marouf R, Khelifi I. The use of probiotics in animal feeding for safe production and as potential alternatives to antibiotics. Vet World 2021; 14:319-328. [PMID: 33776297 PMCID: PMC7994123 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.319-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the production of safe food for human consumption is the primary purpose for animal rearing, the environment and well-being of the animals must also be taken into consideration. Based on microbiological point of view, the production of healthy food from animals involves considering foodborne pathogens, on the one hand and on the other hand, the methods used to fight against germs during breeding. The conventional method to control or prevent bacterial infections in farming is the use antibiotics. However, the banning of these compounds as growth promoters caused many changes in animal breeding and their use has since been limited to the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. In this function, their importance no longer needs to be demonstrated, but unfortunately, their excessive and abusive use have led to a double problem which can have harmful consequences on consumer health: Resistance to antibiotics and the presence of antibiotic residues in food. The use of probiotics appears to be a suitable alternative to overcome these problems because of their ability to modulate the immune system and intestinal microflora, and further considering their antagonistic role against certain pathogenic bacteria and their ability to play the role of growth factor (sometimes associated with prebiotics) when used as feed additives. This review aims to highlight some of the negative effects of the use of antibiotics in animal rearing as well as emphasize the current knowledge on the use of probiotics as a feed additive, their influence on animal production and their potential utility as an alternative to conventional antibiotics, particularly in poultry, pig, and fish farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbarga M. J. Arsène
- Department of microbiology and virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National School of Agro-industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Anyutoulou K. L. Davares
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National School of Agro-industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Smolyakova L. Andreevna
- Department of microbiology and virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Bassa Z. Carime
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National School of Agro-industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Razan Marouf
- Department of microbiology and virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ibrahim Khelifi
- Department of microbiology and virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
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Recent advances in the application of probiotic yeasts, particularly Saccharomyces, as an adjuvant therapy in the management of cancer with focus on colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:951-960. [PMID: 33389533 PMCID: PMC7778720 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Today, the increasing rate of cancer-related mortality, has rendered cancer a major global challenge, and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional approaches in the treatment of cancer mainly include chemotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, these approaches still come with certain disadvantages, including drug resistance, and different side effects such as gastrointestinal (GI) irritation (e.g., diarrhea, mucositis). This has encouraged scientists to look for alternative therapeutic methods and adjuvant therapies for a more proper treatment of malignancies. Application of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy in the clinical management of cancer appears to be a promising strategy, with several notable advantages, e.g., increased safety, higher tolerance, and negligible GI side effects. Both in vivo and in vitro analyses have indicated the active role of yeast probiotics in mitigating the rate of cancer cell proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis through regulating the expression of cancer-related genes and cellular pathways. Strain-specific anti-cancer activities of yeast probiotics strongly suggest that their administration along with the current cancer therapies may be an efficient method to reduce the side effects of these approaches. The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the efficacy of yeast probiotics in alleviating the adverse effects associated with cancer therapies.
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Caruso G, Floris R, Serangeli C, Di Paola L. Fishery Wastes as a Yet Undiscovered Treasure from the Sea: Biomolecules Sources, Extraction Methods and Valorization. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120622. [PMID: 33297310 PMCID: PMC7762275 DOI: 10.3390/md18120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new biological sources of commercial value is a major goal for the sustainable management of natural resources. The huge amount of fishery by-catch or processing by-products continuously produced needs to be managed to avoid environmental problems and keep resource sustainability. Fishery by-products can represent an interesting source of high added value bioactive compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, collagen, polyunsaturated fatty acids, chitin, polyphenolic constituents, carotenoids, vitamins, alkaloids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, toxins; nevertheless, their biotechnological potential is still largely underutilized. Depending on their structural and functional characteristics, marine-derived biomolecules can find several applications in food industry, agriculture, biotechnological (chemical, industrial or environmental) fields. Fish internal organs are a rich and underexplored source of bioactive compounds; the fish gut microbiota biosynthesizes essential or short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, minerals or enzymes and is also a source of probiotic candidates, in turn producing bioactive compounds with antibiotic and biosurfactant/bioemulsifier activities. Chemical, enzymatic and/or microbial processing of fishery by-catch or processing by-products allows the production of different valuable bioactive compounds; to date, however, the lack of cost-effective extraction strategies so far has prevented their exploitation on a large scale. Standardization and optimization of extraction procedures are urgently required, as processing conditions can affect the qualitative and quantitative properties of these biomolecules. Valorization routes for such raw materials can provide a great additional value for companies involved in the field of bioprospecting. The present review aims at collecting current knowledge on fishery by-catch or by-products, exploring the valorization of their active biomolecules, in application of the circular economy paradigm applied to the fishery field. It will address specific issues from a biorefinery perspective: (i) fish tissues and organs as potential sources of metabolites, antibiotics and probiotics; (ii) screening for bioactive compounds; (iii) extraction processes and innovative technologies for purification and chemical characterization; (iv) energy production technologies for the exhausted biomass. We provide a general perspective on the techno-economic feasibility and the environmental footprint of the production process, as well as on the definition of legal constraints for the new products production and commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Caruso
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6015-423
| | - Rosanna Floris
- AGRIS-Sardegna, Servizio Ricerca Prodotti Ittici, Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | | | - Luisa Di Paola
- Unit of Chemical-Physics Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
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Singular effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 or Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 1 on the growth, gut morphology, immunity, and stress resistance of red sea bream (Pagrus major). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The beneficial effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 1 were tested in red sea bream (Pagrus major) feeds. A basal diet (control) and two other diets were prepared by supplementation with B. subtilis C-3102 (PB) or S. cerevisiae type 1 (PY). After 60 days, both probiotic-supplemented groups exhibited significant enhancement in growth performance, the protein efficiency ratio (PER), and digestive enzyme secretion (protease and amylase) compared to the control group (P<0.05). The anterior, middle, and posterior parts of the intestines exhibited significantly increased values of intestinal fold height (hF), enterocyte height (hE), and microvillus height (hMV) in fish fed PB- or PY-supplemented diets (P<0.05). Serum peroxidase, anti-protease, and bactericidal activities were enhanced significantly in both probiotic-treated groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Serum and mucus lysozyme activities improved significantly in the PB group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Catalase activity was also significantly decreased in both probiotic groups, with relatively lower activity observed in the PY group (P<0.05). Both probiotic groups showed increased tolerance considerably to freshwater exposure (P<0.05). In conclusion, B. subtilis C-3102 and S. cerevisiae type 1 can be used as functional probiotics to enhance the growth performance, digestion capacity, gut morphology, immune response, and stress resistance of the red sea bream with relatively higher efficiency by B. subtilis C-3102.
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Impact of Yeast Fermented Poultry by-Product Meal on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Intestinal Morphometry and Immune Response Traits of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The current study was carried out to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-fermented poultry by product meal (PBM) on growth performance, micromorphological, and immunological changes in common carp. Five experimental diets were prepared to include fermented PBM at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 % level in the diet of common carp (4.91±0.01 g). The fish were reared for 90 days on these diets. The obtained results revealed that yeast fermented PBM significantly changed the final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the fish in a dose dependent manner (P<0.05). Fish fed 20 % fermented PBM showed the highest FBW, WG, SGR, FI, and lowest FCR. However, whole body composition did not vary significantly among fish fed different diets (P>0.05). Dietary yeast fermented PBM at 10 and 20 % level significantly increased the lipase, amylase, and protease activities than the other groups (P<0.05). The anterior, middle, and posterior intestinal villus length was significantly increased in fish fed fermented PBM at 15 and 20 % level when compared to the other groups (P<0.05). The number of goblet cells was significantly increased in the middle section of intestine in fish fed yeast fermented PBM at 20 % level, while in the posterior region of intestine the number of goblet cells was significantly increased in fish fed yeast fermented PBM at 15 and 20 % level (P<0.05). The histomorphology of intestine showed an increased length, branching and density of intestinal villi in fish fed yeast fermented PBM diets. Most of the measured blood parameters showed insignificant (P>0.05) differences except for Hb, RBCs, WBCs, total blood protein, and globulin which were significantly affected by the inclusion of yeast fermented PBM (P<0.05). Lysozyme activity was significantly increased in fish fed yeast fermented PBM at 5, 10, and 15 % level, while the phagocytic activity and phagocytic index were significantly increased at 20 % level when compared to the control groups (P<0.05). It is concluded from this study that inclusion of yeast fermented PBM in the diet of common carp at 15-20% level increased digestive enzyme activities, immune function and growth of the fish.
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Angulo M, Reyes-Becerril M, Medina-Córdova N, Tovar-Ramírez D, Angulo C. Probiotic and nutritional effects of Debaryomyces hansenii on animals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7689-7699. [PMID: 32686006 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii comes of age as a new potential probiotic for terrestrial and aquatic animals. Probiotic properties, including inmunostimulatory effects, gut microbiota modulation, enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation, and digestive function improvements have been related to the oral delivery of D. hansenii. Its functional compounds, such as cell wall components and polyamines, have been identified and implicated in its immunomodulatory activity. In addition, in vitro studies using immune cells have shown standpoints on the possible recognition, regulation, and effector immune mechanisms stimulated by this yeast. This review describes historic, cutting-edge research findings, implications, and perspectives on the use of D. hansenii as a promising probiotic for animals. KEY POINTS: • Debaryomyces hansenii has probiotic effects in terrestrial and aquatic animals. • Nutritional effects could be associated to probiotic D. hansenii strains. • β-D-Glucan and polyamines from D. hansenii are associated to probiotic properties. • Adoption by the industry is expected in the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Noe Medina-Córdova
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Todos Santos, Agricultura s/n entre México y Durango, Emiliano Zapata, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P: 23070, Mexico
| | - Dariel Tovar-Ramírez
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096, Mexico.
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Abdel-Tawwab M, Adeshina I, Issa ZA. Antioxidants and immune responses, resistance to Aspergilus flavus infection, and growth performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fed diets supplemented with yeast, Saccharomyces serevisiae. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Espinosa C, García Beltrán JM, Messina CM, Esteban MÁ. Effect of Jasonia glutinosa on immune and oxidative status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:58-69. [PMID: 32145448 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Jasonia glutinosa (rock-tea, RT) has numerous biological activities. In the present work, the beneficial effects of dietary RT on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) were studied. Fish fed experimental diets containing 0 (control), 10 or 30% of RT for 15 and 30 days. Samples from skin mucus, blood, head kidney, liver and gut were obtained at 15 and 30 days. The antioxidant properties from RT were analysed such as the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. The heat shock protein 70 level (HSP70) and the total oxidized proteins were evaluated on skin mucus as stress markers. Immune parameters, both humoral (peroxidase activity, immunoglobulin M levels and complement activity) and cellular (phagocytic, respiratory burst and peroxidase activities) were determined in skin mucus, serum or head-kidney leucocytes, respectively. Concomitantly, the expression of different genes related to inflammation and oxidative stress was studied both in liver and gut. Skin mucus peroxidase was significantly increased on fish fed 10% RT for 15 days with respect to the control group. In addition, Serum IgM levels were significantly increased while HSP70 levels and oxidized proteins were significantly decreased on skin mucus from fish fed 30% RT for 30 days, respectively. Besides, cellular immune parameters (phagocytosis, respiratory burst and peroxidase activity) were significantly higher in leucocytes from fish fed the RT diets for 15 days, but not for 30 days. Finally, the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes was up-regulated in liver at 15 and in liver and gut at 30 days. However, the expression of il1b and hsp70 was down-regulated in the liver of fish fed 30% RT for 30 days with respect to the values of control fish. The possible inclusion of RT in fish diets as an additive with antioxidant and/or immunostimulant activities is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Espinosa
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María García Beltrán
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Concetta Maria Messina
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Trapani, Italy
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Liu Z, Wu J, Ma Y, Hao L, Liang Z, Ma J, Ke H, Li Y, Cao J. Protective immunity against CyHV-3 infection via different prime-boost vaccination regimens using CyHV-3 ORF131-based DNA/protein subunit vaccines in carp Cyprinus carpio var. Jian. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:342-353. [PMID: 31978531 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as Koi Herpesvirus (KHV), causes Koi Herpesvirus Disease (KHVD) which leads to serious economic losses worldwide. To exploit DNA/subunit vaccine candidates, CyHV-3 ORF131 gene and cDNA was cloned and analyzed in the present study. Major B cell epitopes of deduced CyHV-3 pORF131 was also predicted. Then the complete CDS of CyHV-3 ORF131 was inserted into pEGFP-N1 vector and a modified pYD1/EBY100 system to construct the DNA and subunit vaccine, respectively. Subsequently, carp were immunized with homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens relying on the constructed DNA and oral subunit vaccines. Then the protective immunity generated from different vaccines and regimens as well as the capacity of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as an oral vaccine vehicle was evaluated. Our study confirmed that CyHV-3 ORF131 gene consisted of 2 introns and 3 exons encoding a 428 amino acids peptide. Further analysis indicated that four fragments of CyHV-3 pORF131 contained the major B cell epitopes (Cys20~Val140, Ser169~Tyr245, Thr258~Pro390, Phe414~Gln428), which could be linked and expressed in E. coli (BL21) as a truncated pORF131. The expression of full-length CyHV-3 pORF131 by pEGFP-N1 and yeast surface display was verified by In vitro assays before vaccination. Immunization of carp with CyHV-3 ORF131 DNA and subunit vaccines could evoke the activation of immune-related genes such as CXCa, CXCR1, IL-1β, TNF-α, INF-a1, Mx-1, IgM, IgT1 and production of specific serum IgM measured by ELISA. RPS (relative percent of survival) ranging from 53.33% to 66.67% was acquired post challenge test. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis illustrated the delivery of surface-displayed CyHV-3 pORF131 to midgut after oral gavage. Thus, our findings suggest that CyHV-3 ORF131 can serve as DNA/subunit vaccines candidate and the yeast as an ideal oral vaccine vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Le Hao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiling Liang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiangyao Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hao Ke
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junming Cao
- Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Dawood MAO, Magouz FI, Mansour M, Saleh AA, Asely AME, Fadl SE, Ahmed HA, Al-Ghanim KA, Mahboob S, Al-Misned F. Evaluation of Yeast Fermented Poultry By-Product Meal in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Feed: Effects on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes Activity, Innate Immunity, and Antioxidant Capacity. Front Vet Sci 2020; 6:516. [PMID: 32047756 PMCID: PMC6996487 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of dietary inclusion of fermented poultry by-product meal (FPBM) on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, innate immunity, and antioxidant capacity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A basal diet containing fish meal and soybean meal was considered as a control (Con), and four other diets were produced by inclusion of 10, 20, 30, or 40% FPBM (FPBM10, FPBM20, FPBM30, and FPBM40 diets). The experiment was done in triplicates (20 fish per replicate) and the fish were fed the test diets to visual satiety twice daily for 8 weeks. The groups of fish fed the FPBM10 and FPBM20 diets showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher weight gain and specific growth rate, and lower feed conversion ratio than those fed the Con and FPBM40 diets. Moreover, inclusion of 40% FPBM led to significant reduction of feed intake compared to the other treatments. FPBM at all the tested levels improved intestinal protease activity and lipase activity was enhanced at 10-30% inclusion levels. Furthermore, the FPBM10 and FPBM20 groups revealed significantly higher amylase activity than the other treatments. The FPBM10 group exhibited significantly higher phagocytic activity than the control group and phagocytic index was enhanced by dietary inclusion of 10-30% FPBM. However, inclusion of over 30% FPBM led to significant reduction of lysozyme, phagocytic, and bactericidal activities compared to the control group. Further, FPBM10 and FPBM20 diets increased the serum IgM levels, while NBT was significantly increased by feeding FPBM10 diet compared with FPBM30 and FPBM40 groups (P < 0.05). The group fed the FPBM30 diet showed significantly higher glutathione peroxidase activity than the control group. According to the analysis of the data by the polynomial regression, the inclusion of FPBM at 11.17-25.14% can be applied effectively in the diets of tilapia for better growth performance and health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Fawzy I Magouz
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mansour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Amel M El Asely
- Department of Aquatic Animals Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Sabreen E Fadl
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Hamada A Ahmed
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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de Mattos BO, López-Olmeda JF, Guerra-Santos B, Ruiz CE, García-Beltrán JM, Ángeles-Esteban M, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ, Fortes-Silva R. Coping with exposure to hypoxia: modifications in stress parameters in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1801-1812. [PMID: 31273480 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the stress response of Sparus aurata specimens fed with nutraceutical aquafeed brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). For that purpose, 96 (169.0 ± 2.8 g) animals were distributed randomly in 12 tanks (8 fish per tank, 4 replicates) and divided in 3 groups (D1, casein/gelatin, control; D2, brewer's yeast; D3, spirulina) and fed for 30 days. At the end of this period, fish from two replicates of each experimental diet were submitted to air exposure for 60 s while the fish from the other two replicates were maintained undisturbed (control). Afterwards, samples of blood, skin mucus, and head kidney were collected. The results revealed that after air exposure, cortisol, and glucose levels increased in the groups fed D1 (18.5 ± 2.6 mg/mL; 7.3 ± 0.6 mmol/L, respectively) and D2 (20.0 ± 6.2 mg/mL; 7.7 ± 0.6 mmol/L), but glucose not increased in fish fed D3 (13.7 ± 2.6 mg/mL; 5.5 ± 0.3 mmol/L). Lactate levels increased in all stressed groups, but in D1, its levels were significantly higher. After stress procedure, immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in mucus increased only in fish fed D3 (0.1901 ± 0.0126 U/mL). Furthermore, there was a reduction in the expression of some genes involved in stress response (coxIV, prdx3, csfl-r, ucp1, and sod in fish fed D2 and D3). csf1 decreased only in stressed fish fed D2. However, cat increased in fish fed with D3. In summary, these findings points to the beneficial effects of spirulina and brewer's yeast to improve stress resistance in aquaculture practices of gilthead seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Olivetti de Mattos
- Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Nutrition, Postgraduate Program in Aquaculture, University Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM, 69058-030, Brazil.
| | - José Fernando López-Olmeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Bartira Guerra-Santos
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Campus Salvador, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María García-Beltrán
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles-Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Fortes-Silva
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition and Feeding Behavior, Faculty of Fishing Engineering, Center of Agricultural Science, Environmental and Biological, University of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil.
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El-Murr AEI, Abd El Hakim Y, Neamat-Allah ANF, Baeshen M, Ali HA. Immune-protective, antioxidant and relative genes expression impacts of β-glucan against fipronil toxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:427-433. [PMID: 31536766 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our study is considered to attempt reducing the immune-toxic and antioxidant impacts of exposure to fipronil (FP) on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus using the β-glucan (βG). Two hundred and seventy fingerlings of Nile tilapia were divided randomly into six groups (45 tilapias of each, in 3 replicates): group I control (CT) group nourished on a basal diet. Group II (βG) nourished a basal diet supplemented with 0.4% βG. Groups III (1/20 FP) and V (1/10 FP) was exposed to 1/20 and 1/10 of the 96 h LC50 of FP in water and nourished the basal diet respectively. Groups IV (1/20 FP+ βG) and VI (1/10 FP+ βG) were exposed to 1/20 and 1/10 FP concomitantly with 0.4% βG supplementation for 90 successive days. Growth performance metrics were higher in βG group than CT. While those metrics were fallen at exposure to 1/20 or 1/10 FP. Supplementation with βG elevated the IgM and lysozyme levels.Whereas, tilapias exposed to FP only at different concentration showed lowering of those compared to CT. Supplementation with βG was effectively augmented IgM and lysozyme in 1/20 FP exposed tilapias. Furthermore, in a minor grade at 1/10 FP exposed tilapias. Exposure to FP increased the activities of hepatic markers chiefly at 1/10, however the βG supplementation was successfully improved these markers. There was imbalance of cortisol level at FP exposure where, βG combining to FP alleviate this disparity. There was fallen in LDH, MDH and FDPase in βG tilapias where continuing raise in 1/10 FP followed by 1/20 FP. βG supplementation raise the level of GSH, without significant variations in MDA conversely occurs in FP alone. Genes expression of βG caused raise of both GPx and GR, without fluctuations in CAT and SOD. Exposure to FP diminishes all evaluated antioxidant genes. It could fulfilled that supplementation with βG successfully alleviated the immune-toxic and antioxidant impact of FP in tilapias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Elhakeem I El-Murr
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Yasser Abd El Hakim
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N F Neamat-Allah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 1 Alzeraa Street Postal Code 44511, Zagazig City, Sharkia Province, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Baeshen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haytham A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics and acids on immunity in poultry feed: a brief review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Huyben D, Vidakovic A, Sundh H, Sundell K, Kiessling A, Lundh T. Haematological and intestinal health parameters of rainbow trout are influenced by dietary live yeast and increased water temperature. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:525-536. [PMID: 30999040 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Live yeast may be a sustainable protein source in salmonid diets while exhibiting a probiotic effect to counteract environmental stressors, such as increased water temperature that is being exacerbated by climate change. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding a high dietary inclusion of live yeast and increased water temperature on growth, haematological and intestinal physiology of rainbow trout. For six weeks, 129 g fish in 16 tanks (n = 4) were fed either a diet based on fishmeal or based on live yeast (214 g kg-1 of diet or 7.6 log CFU g-1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that replaced 40% of fishmeal protein while fish were reared in water temperatures of either 11 °C (cold) or 18 °C (warm). Fish weights, caudal blood and proximal and distal intestines were collected and analysed. Fish fed live yeast resulted in reduced growth (SGR and WG) and higher FCR, while growth in cold and warm water was similar despite differences in TGC. However, increased mortality, plasma cortisol, and intestinal oedema and villous damage indicated fish reared in warm water were subjected to chronic stress. Temperature had a significant effect on haematocrit and red blood cell counts that resulted in significantly higher haemoglobin levels in fish kept in warm water attributed to an elevated oxygen demand. In the proximal intestine, increased temperature resulted in reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g. TNFα and IL8, that were further reduced in fish fed live yeast. In addition, feeding live yeast reduced gene expression of CLD6 involved in gut barrier function, which suggests that the level of yeast was too high and masked any beneficial effects on fish health. In conclusion, feeding a high inclusion of live yeast reduced fish growth and expression of intestinal genes, while increasing the temperature from 11 to 18 °C subjected fish to chronic stress that restricted growth, suppressed innate immunity and induced intestinal damage. Replacing 40% of fishmeal protein with live yeast did not counteract negative effects caused by increased temperature, thus alternative strategies need to be explored and implemented to protect the growth and health of rainbow trout from seasonal and long-term rises in water temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Huyben
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandar Vidakovic
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundh
- SWEMARC, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundell
- SWEMARC, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Kiessling
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Lundh
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abu-Elala N, Marzouk M, Moustafa M. Use of different Saccharomyces cerevisiae biotic forms as immune-modulator and growth promoter for Oreochromis niloticus challenged with some fish pathogens. Int J Vet Sci Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed Moustafa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 11221, Egypt
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Yuan XY, Jiang GZ, Wang CC, Abasubong KP, Zou Q, Zhou YY, Liu WB. Effects of partial replacement of fish meal by yeast hydrolysate on antioxidant capability, intestinal morphology, and inflammation-related gene expression of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:187-197. [PMID: 30143928 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fish meal (FM) replacement by yeast hydrolysate (YH) on liver antioxidant capability, intestinal morphology, and inflammation-related genes of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). A total of 600 fish (average initial weight 19.44 ± 0.06 g) were randomly selected and divided into five groups. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets replacing FM by YH 0% (YH0), 1% (YH1), 3% (YH3), 5% (YH5), and 7% (YH7) were formulated. Each diet was tested in four replicates for 10 weeks. The results have shown that, compared to the control group (YH0), liver total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione (GSH) activities of fish fed YH1 and YH3 diets were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration significantly increased as supplementation levels of YH increased from 1 to 7% (P < 0.05). Moreover, intestinal microvillus length of juvenile Jian carp fed YH diets were significantly higher than that of fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). In proximal intestine, the relative expression levels of inflammation-related genes (ALP, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in YH7 were significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). However, in midintestine, the expression levels of these genes in YH3 were significantly lower compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicated that dietary replacement of FM by 3%YH could improve antioxidant capability and intestinal microvillus morphology, as well as enhance the non-specific immunity of juvenile Jian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Yuan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Cong Wang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth Prudence Abasubong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zou
- Guangdong Hinabiotech CO., Ltd, Guangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Zhou
- Guangdong Hinabiotech CO., Ltd, Guangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Wu CC, Lin CL, Huang CY, Hsieh S, Liu CH, Hsieh SL. α-Phellandrene enhances the immune response and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:1108-1114. [PMID: 30414490 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, that received α-phellandrene were examined. The results indicated that the percent survival of shrimp receiving 4, 8, and 12 μg g-1 α-phellandrene was significantly higher than that of control shrimp after 72 h (p < 0.05). In a separate experiment, the phenoloxidase (PO), respiratory bursts, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and phagocytic and lysozyme activity of L. vannamei receiving 8 and 12 μg g-1 α-phellandrene were significantly higher than those of the other groups upon challenge with V. alginolyticus at 24-60, 36-60, 12-60, 12-72 and 48-72 h, respectively. However, no significant differences in the total haemocyte counts (THC) of L. vannamei receiving any dose of α-phellandrene and of control shrimp were observed at 12-72 h. The expression (mRNA transcripts) of the immune genes prophenoloxidase (proPO), LPS- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) and peroxinectin (PE) of shrimp receiving α-phellandrene at 8 and 12 μg g-1 significantly increased after challenge with V. alginolyticus for 72 h (p < 0.05). We conclude that the immune ability and resistance against V. alginolyticus infection increased in L. vannamei receiving >4 μg g-1 α-phellandrene. These results indicated that α-phellandrene plays an important role in the innate immunity of white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Lin
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yung Huang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Shuchen Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
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Bu X, Lian X, Wang Y, Luo C, Tao S, Liao Y, Yang J, Chen A, Yang Y. Dietary yeast culture modulates immune response related to TLR2-MyD88-NF-kβ signaling pathway, antioxidant capability and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila for Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:711-718. [PMID: 30359752 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of dietary yeast culture on immune response related to TLR2-MyD88-NF-kβ signaling pathway, antioxidant capability and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila for Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis). A total of 240 Ussuri catfish (mean weight of 7.39 ± 0.32 g) were randomly distributed into four groups that fed diets containing 0 (Y0), 10 (Y1), 20 (Y2) and 30 (Y3) g kg-1 yeast culture for 8 weeks. The results indicated that dietary 10 g kg-1 yeast culture supplementation significantly down-regulated mRNA levels of TLR2, MyD88, NF-kβ p65, IL-1β and IL-8 in the liver tissue compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, serum lysozyme (LZM) activity, respiratory burst activity (RBA) of phagocytes, plasma alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and immunoglobulin M (IgM) content were significantly improved in fish fed Y1 diet (P < 0.05). Fish fed Y1 diet had significantly higher serum alternative complement pathway activity (ACH50) and plasma complement 3 (C3) content than the Y3 group (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in plasma acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and complement 4 (C4) content among the groups (P > 0.05). Fish cumulative mortality rate (CMR) in the Y1 and Y2 groups were significantly lower than that in Y0 and Y3 groups (P < 0.05), and the lowest CMR was observed in the Y1 group after challenge by A. hydrophila. The highest hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, total antioxidant capacity and the lowest malondialdehyde content were found in Y1 group, but no significant difference was found in hepatic catalase activity among the groups (P > 0.05). These results demonstrate that dietary 10 g kg-1 yeast culture could effectively improve the immunity, antioxidant capability and disease resistance against A. hydrophila for Ussuri catfish and could down-regulate the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines modulated by TLR2-MyD88-NF-kβ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Bu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xuqiu Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Chengzeng Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shengqiang Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yilu Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jiaming Yang
- Harbin Jiaming Fisheries Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Aijing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Yuhong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Fomenky BE, Chiquette J, Lessard M, Bissonnette N, Talbot G, Chouinard YP, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 and Lactobacillus acidophilus BT1386 influence innate immune response and serum levels of acute-phase proteins during weaning in Holstein calves. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 (SCB) or Lactobacillus acidophilus BT1386 (LA) on (1) innate immune response, (2) markers of acute-phase reaction, and (3) immune gene expression of rumen and ileum tissues of Holstein calves. Forty eight calves (∼5 d old) were randomly allocated to four treatments as follows: (1) control (CTRL) fed milk replacer followed by starter feed, (2) CTRL supplemented with SCB in milk and feed, (3) CTRL supplemented with LA in milk and feed, and (4) CTRL supplemented with antibiotics (ATB; chlortetracycline and neomycin in milk, and chlortetracycline in feed). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) decreased (P < 0.05) on day 66 (post-weaning) for the ATB-treated calves. There were no treatment effects on production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) proteins and on expression of TLR4, TLR6, TLR9, TLR10, CLDN3, MUC1, and MUC20 genes. Calves fed SCB or LA had a greater (P < 0.05) oxidative burst at weaning (day 53) compared with CTRL. Oxidative burst was also greater (P < 0.05) after weaning (day 59 and day 87) for SCB-fed calves. Calves fed SCB and ATB had higher (P < 0.05) phagocytosis activity during weaning (day 47) compared with CTRL. The concentration of serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) increased (P < 0.05) in SCB- and LA-fed calves (day 53), whereas the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) increased (P < 0.05) in SCB-fed calves during weaning as compared with CTRL. Our results suggest that SCB could improve innate immune response (oxidative burst and phagocytosis) and markers of acute-phase reaction (CRP and SAA2), especially during critical periods like weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E. Fomenky
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Johanne Chiquette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Martin Lessard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Guylaine Talbot
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Yvan P. Chouinard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Eveline M. Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
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Protective immune response against Toxoplasma gondii elicited by a novel yeast-based vaccine with microneme protein 16. Vaccine 2018; 36:3943-3948. [PMID: 29793893 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that can invade all eukaryotic cells and infect all warm-blood animals, causing the important zoonosis toxoplasmosis. Invasion of host cells is the key step necessary for T. gondii to complete its life cycle and microneme proteins play an important role in attachment and invasion of host cells. Microneme protein 16 (TgMIC16) is a new protective protein in T. gondii and belongs to transmembrane microneme proteins (TM-MIC). The TM-MICs are released onto the parasite's surface as complexes capable of interacting with host cell receptors. In the present study, we expressed the TgMIC16 protein on the surface of Saccharomyce cerevisiae (pCTCON2-TgMIC16/EBY100) and evaluated it as a potential vaccine for BALB/c mice against challenge infection with the RH strain of T. gondii. We immunized BALB/c mice both orally and intraperitoneally. After three immunizations, the immune response was evaluated by measuring antibody levels, lymphocyte proliferative responses, percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, cytokine production, and the survival times of challenged mice. The results showed that the pCTCON2-TgMIC16/EBY100 vaccine stimulated humoral and cellular immune responses. In addition, mice immunized with the pCTCON2-TgMIC16/EBY100 vaccine showed increased survival times compared with non-immunized controls. In summary, TgMIC16 displayed on the cell surface of S. cerevisiae could be used as potential vaccine against toxoplasmosis.
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36
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Gao X, Zhang M, Li X, Han Y, Wu F, Liu Y. Effects of a probiotic (Bacillus licheniformis) on the growth, immunity, and disease resistance of Haliotis discus hannai Ino. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 76:143-152. [PMID: 29462749 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To study the effects of a probiotic (Bacillus lincheniformis) on the survival and growth of Haliotis discus hannai Ino, the expression levels of nonspecific immune genes and the resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection were assessed. Abalones (shell length: 27.64 ± 1.59 mm, body weight: 4.17 ± 0.32 g) were selected for use in an 8-week culture experiment and a 2-week V. parahaemolyticus artificial infection experiment. In both experiments, the control group (C) was fed with a basal feed and the experimental groups were fed with experimental food prepared by spraying the probiotic on the basal feed at different concentrations: 103 (B1), 105 (B2), and 107 (B3) cfu/mL. The survival rate, total number of blood lymphocytes, activity of acid phosphatase, and expression level of heat shock protein 70 were significantly higher in B1, B2, and B3 than in C (P < 0.05). The specific growth rate of shell length, food intake, food conversion rate, phagocytic activity of blood lymphocytes, activities of myeloperoxidase and catalase (CAT), and expression levels of CAT and thioredoxin peroxidase of abalones in B2 were significantly higher than those in B1 and C (P < 0.05). Although the level of O2- produced by the respiratory burst of blood lymphocytes in B2 was not significantly different from those in B1 and B3, they were significantly higher than that in C (P < 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the nitric oxide levels produced by the respiratory burst of blood lymphocytes, and the expression levels of Mn-SOD in B1 and B3 were significantly higher than those in C but significantly lower than those in B2 (P < 0.05). Fourteen days after infection with V. parahaemolyticus, the cumulative mortality of abalones in B2 was significantly lower than those in B1 and C (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the food containing 105 cfu/mL Bacillus licheniformis promoted food intake and growth of abalones and also improved their resistance to V. parahaemolyticus infection. Thus, B. licheniformis is a good potential probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Yin Han
- Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Fucun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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37
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Chitsaz H, Akrami R, Ahmadi Z. Effects of mushroom (Lentinula edodes) extract on growth performance, immune response and hemato-biochemical parameters of great sturgeon juvenile (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/ijaah.4.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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38
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Salah AS, El Nahas AF, Mahmoud S. Modulatory effect of different doses of β-1,3/1,6-glucan on the expression of antioxidant, inflammatory, stress and immune-related genes of Oreochromis niloticus challenged with Streptococcus iniae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:204-213. [PMID: 28882806 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
β-glucans are widely-known immunostimulants that are profusely used in aquaculture industry. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different in-feed doses of β-1,3/1,6-glucans on the expression of antioxidant and stress-related genes (GST, HSP-70, Vtg), inflammation related genes (Il-8, TNFα, CXC-chemokine and CAS) and adaptive immune-related genes (MHC-IIβ, TLR-7, IgM-H, and Mx) of Oreochromis niloticus challenged and non-challenged with Streptococcus iniae. Six experimental groups were established: non-challenged control (non-supplemented diet), challenged control (non-supplemented diet), non-challenged supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan, challenged supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan, non-challenged supplemented with 0.2% β-glucan and challenged supplemented with 0.2% β-glucan. Fish were fed with β-glucan for 21 days prior challenge and then sampled after 1, 3 and 7 days post-challenge. In non-challenged group, variable effects of the two doses of β-Glucans on the expression of the studied genes were observed; 0.1% induced higher expression of HSP70, CXC chemokine, MHC-IIβ and MX genes. Meanwhile, 0.2% induced better effect on the expression of Vtg, TNF-α, CAS and IgM-H, and almost equal effects of both doses on GST and IL8. However, with the challenged group, 0.2% β-Glucans showed better effect than 0.1% at day one post challenge through significant up-regulation of GST, HSP, IL8, TNF-α, CXC, and MHC-IIβ, meanwhile, the effect of 0.1% was only on the expression of HSP70, MHC-IIβ, and TLR7 at day 3 post challenge. No stimulatory role for both doses of β-Glucans on the expression of almost all genes at day 7 post-challenge. We conclude that both doses of β-glucan can modulate the antioxidant, inflammation, stress and immune-related genes in Nile tilapia, moreover, 0.2% β-Glucans showed better protective effect with Streptococcus iniae challange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah S Salah
- Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafr El Sheikh University, Egypt
| | - Abeer F El Nahas
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Shawky Mahmoud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University, Egypt
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Rosales M, Castillo S, Pohlenz C, Gatlin DM. Evaluation of dried yeast and threonine fermentation biomass as partial fish meal replacements in the diet of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Yuan XY, Liu WB, Liang C, Sun CX, Xue YF, Wan ZD, Jiang GZ. Effects of partial replacement of fish meal by yeast hydrolysate on complement system and stress resistance in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:312-321. [PMID: 28606860 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A 10-week feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary fish meal replacement by yeast hydrolysate (YH) on growth performance, complement system and stress resistance of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) (initial average weight 19.44 ± 0.06 g). In the study, there were five groups: one control group was fed with a basal diet (YH0), and four treatment groups were fed with dietary fish meal replaced by 1% YH (YH1), 3% (YH3), 5% (YH5) and 7% (YH7), respectively. Each group had four replicates. At the end of feeding trial, twelve fish from each group (three fish per replicate) were randomly selected for assessing the growth and immunity. Meanwhile, 20 fish per replicate were injected by Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that (1) Replacement levels of YH significantly affected the growth of the fish with the highest values of weight gain (WG) occurred in fish fed YH3 diet. However, no significant difference in feed conversion ratios (FCR) was observed among all groups. (2) Pre-stressed plasma lysozyme activity, total protein and albumin contents and complement component 3 (C3) and complement component 4 (C4) levels of fish fed YH3 diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed YH0 diet. However, post-stressed immune parameters of fish in all groups were significantly lower. (3) There was a trend that the expression levels of the complement-related genes (c1r/s-A, c4-1, c3-H1, c5-1, fb/c2-A, mbl-2 and masp) initially increased and then decreased except mbl-2 and masp, with the maximum values observed in fish fed YH3 diet. Before stress, the expression levels of the inflammation-related genes (alp, il-1β and tnf-α) in the hepatopancreas and spleen of fish fed YH1 diet and YH7 diet were significant higher than that of fish fed YH0 diet. After stress, no significant difference in the expression levels of those genes was observed among all groups. These results indicated that FM replacement by YH could improve growth performance, enhance innate immunity, and activate complement via the alternative complement pathway (ACP) and the classical complement pathway (CCP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chao Liang
- Guangdong Hinabiotech CO., Ltd, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Cun-Xin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yun-Fei Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zu-De Wan
- Guangdong Hinabiotech CO., Ltd, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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41
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Castro-Osses D, Carrera-Naipil C, Gallardo-Escárate C, Gonçalves AT. Functional diets modulate the acute phase protein response in Oncorhynchus mykiss subjected to chronic stress and challenged with Vibrio anguillarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:62-70. [PMID: 28476670 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The acute phase response to pathogens alters the production of proinflammatory cytokines that, in turn, activate the synthesis of acute phase proteins. These proteins neutralize, prevent, and indicate tissue damage, thereby influencing the specific immune response and allowing the organism to regain homeostasis. Functional diets based in pre- and probiotics are used in aquaculture to improve fish health and resistance to diseases, but there is an information gap on the mechanisms involved in these effects and if these diets are efficient when fish are raised under high stocking densities. This study aimed an evaluation of the acute phase response in Oncorhynchus mykiss fed functional diets supplemented with pre- and probiotics (i.e. mannan-oligosaccharides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively) and challenged by either Vibrio anguillarum or chronic stress via maintenance under high stocking densities. For this, the relative expression of acute phase response related genes in liver, and of inflammatory response related genes in head kidney was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The supplemented diets differentially modulated the acute phase protein response to the assessed challenge conditions, specifically evidencing an overexpression of the genes HAPT, SAA, LECT2, and IL-1β under chronic stress and of HAPT, IL-1β, IL8, and LECT2 at 24 h post-challenge with V. anguillarum. The observed early-stage regulation of acute phase proteins and of the immune response by the probiotic S. cerevisiae and by prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides suggests that both supplements have high immunostimulatory potentials for fish farmed under high stocking densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlyng Castro-Osses
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Crisleri Carrera-Naipil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana Teresa Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
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Núñez-Acuña G, Détrée C, Gallardo-Escárate C, Gonçalves AT. Functional Diets Modulate lncRNA-Coding RNAs and Gene Interactions in the Intestine of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 19:287-300. [PMID: 28500613 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of functional genomics has sparked the interest in inferring the function of non-coding regions from the transcriptome in non-model species. However, numerous biological processes remain understudied from this perspective, including intestinal immunity in farmed fish. The aim of this study was to infer long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) expression profiles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed for 30 days with functional diets based on pre- and probiotics. For this, whole transcriptome sequencing was conducted through Illumina technology, and lncRNAs were mined to evaluate transcriptional activity in conjunction with known protein sequences. To detect differentially expressed transcripts, 880 novels and 9067 previously described O. mykiss lncRNAs were used. Expression levels and genome co-localization correlations with coding genes were also analyzed. Significant differences in gene expression were primarily found in the probiotic diet, which had a twofold downregulation of lncRNAs compared to other treatments. Notable differences by diet were also evidenced between the coding genes of distinct metabolic processes. In contrast, genome co-localization of lncRNAs with coding genes was similar for all diets. This study contributes novel knowledge regarding lncRNAs in fish, suggesting key roles in salmons fed with in-feed additives with the capacity to modulate the intestinal homeostasis and host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Núñez-Acuña
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Camille Détrée
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana Teresa Gonçalves
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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Reyes-Becerril M, Guluarte C, Ceballos-Francisco D, Angulo C, Esteban MÁ. Dietary yeast Sterigmatomyces halophilus enhances mucosal immunity of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:165-175. [PMID: 28315392 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A yeast was isolated from hypersaline sediments, grown and phylogenetically characterized as Sterigmatomyces halophilus strainN16. The dietary administration of this yeast was studied for its effect on skin mucosal immune and antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish were fed a commercial diet (control, non-supplemented diet), or the same commercial diet supplemented with 0.55% or 1.1% of yeast for 15 and 30 days. One month after the end of the trial, fish from all treatments were intraperitoneally injected with pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and further fed with the same diets for one week, after which fish were also sampled. Significant increases were observed in the immune activities determined in the fish fed the yeast supplemented diets compared with the values recorded in mucus of fish from the control group. The expression levels of trypsin (one of the main digestive enzymes) and several immune-related genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, IgM, C3 and lysozyme) were also evaluated by real-time PCR in intestine and skin. Interestingly, trypsin gene expression in intestine was up regulated in both experimental diets compared with the control group, particularly in fish fed with 0.55% of S. halophilus at any time of the experimental trial. Immune-related genes in intestine and skin were strongly expressed principally in fish fed with 0.55% of S. halophilus for 15 days and 1.1% for 30 days and after infection, respectively. The present results suggest that the yeast S. halophilus can be considered as a novel fish immunostimulant. The excellent potential of marine microorganisms isolated from extreme environments with beneficial properties for fish is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology& Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico
| | - Crystal Guluarte
- Immunology& Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico
| | - Diana Ceballos-Francisco
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology& Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico.
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Spain.
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44
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Gonçalves AT, Valenzuela-Muñoz V, Gallardo-Escárate C. Intestinal transcriptome modulation by functional diets in rainbow trout: A high-throughput sequencing appraisal to highlight GALT immunomodulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:325-338. [PMID: 28300682 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional ingredients such as pre- and probiotics are used in aquaculture to improve fish condition, modulating microbiota and promoting a healthy intestinal functioning. They also exert an active effect on the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), stimulating the immune system. However, the molecular underpinnings of pre- and probiotics effect on intestinal mucosa are still unknown. This study investigated the intestinal mucosa transcriptome modulation when fish were fed functional diets and kept at different stocking densities. Juvenile rainbow trout were kept at low (LD-3Kgm-3) and high density (HD-40 kgm-3) and fed for 30 days functional diets with the prebiotic mannanoligosaccharide (PRE-0.6%), the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PRO-0.5%), the mixture of both (MIX) and a control diet (CTRL). Intestinal transcriptome was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing and blood plasma for biochemical parameters. Fish fed functional diets presented better condition regardless density, and that functional diets modulate intestinal transcriptome in different manner depending on the stocking density. At LD, fish from PRO presented stronger modulation with the majority of transcripts being down-regulated, including the immune related ones, whereas at HD both PRO and MIX groups were more modulated, when comparing to the respective CTRL groups. Density had an overwhelming suppressive effect on the immune-related genes, but this effect was counteracted by feeding functional diets, especially in fish fed with probiotics. This study shows for the first time the intestinal transcriptomic modulation when fish are fed functional diets at different stocking densities, and it shows the mitigating effect of these diets against deleterious conditions such as high density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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45
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Øverland M, Skrede A. Yeast derived from lignocellulosic biomass as a sustainable feed resource for use in aquaculture. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:733-742. [PMID: 27558451 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The global expansion in aquaculture production implies an emerging need of suitable and sustainable protein sources. Currently, the fish feed industry is dependent on high-quality protein sources of marine and plant origin. Yeast derived from processing of low-value and non-food lignocellulosic biomass is a potential sustainable source of protein in fish diets. Following enzymatic hydrolysis, the hexose and pentose sugars of lignocellulosic substrates and supplementary nutrients can be converted into protein-rich yeast biomass by fermentation. Studies have shown that yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis and Kluyveromyces marxianus have favourable amino acid composition and excellent properties as protein sources in diets for fish, including carnivorous species such as Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Suitable downstream processing of the biomass to disrupt cell walls is required to secure high nutrient digestibility. A number of studies have shown various immunological and health benefits from feeding fish low levels of yeast and yeast-derived cell wall fractions. This review summarises current literature on the potential of yeast from lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative protein source for the aquaculture industry. It is concluded that further research and development within yeast production can be important to secure the future sustainability and economic viability of intensive aquaculture. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Anders Skrede
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
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46
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Bresolin de Souza K, Asker N, Jönsson E, Förlin L, Sturve J. Increased activity of lysozyme and complement system in Atlantic halibut exposed to elevated CO 2 at six different temperatures. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 122:143-147. [PMID: 27692432 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and rising seawater temperature are environmental stressors resulting from the continuous increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration due to anthropogenic activities. As a consequence, marine fish are expected to undergo conditions outside of their tolerance range, leading to physiological challenges with possible detrimental implications. Our research group has previously shown that exposure to elevated CO2 modulated the immune system of the Atlantic halibut. To further investigate this finding, we analysed non-specific immune components in blood plasma of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) juveniles acclimated to six different temperatures (5, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 °C), and to water pH of 8.0 (control) or 7.6 (predicted for year 2100) for three months. Plasma ions (K+, Na+, Ca++, Cl-) and lactate concentrations were also measured. The analysis of plasma ions did not show any trends related to temperature or CO2 exposure, and the majority of the experimental fish were able to maintain ionic balance. The results show that both innate immune components (lysozyme and alternative complement system) had increased activities in response to elevated CO2, representing a CO2-related impact on the halibut's immune system. The increased activity of lysozyme and complement system is possibly part of the acclimatization process, and might be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bresolin de Souza
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - N Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Jönsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - L Förlin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Afsharnasab M, Kakoolaki S, Mohammadidost M. Immunity enhancement with administration of Gracilaria corticata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to gamma irradiation in expose to WSSV in shrimp, in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei: A comparative study. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:21-33. [PMID: 27377028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the efficacy of Gracilaria corticata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and gamma irradiation WSSV as immunostimulants to white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Seven hundred and twenty healthy shrimp SPF L. vannamei subadult with average weight of 10 ± 1.02 g were collected and divided into 8 groups. The first group (T1) was fed with commercial pellet, the second group (T2) fed with S. cerevisiae (2 g/kg), the third group (T3) fed with G. corticata powder mixed with shrimp feed (2 g/kg) and, finally, the fourth group (T4) was fed with commercial pellet and injected intramuscularly gamma irradiant WSSV (1 μl/gbw) for 10 days. The shrimps were then injected with WSSV and maintained for 25 days. The positive control group for each treatment was maintained in the same manner but without injection with WSSV. Moreover, survival rate and immune parameters such as total hemocyte count (THC), total protein plasma (TPP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity and phenoloxidase activity (PO) were determined. Results indicated that the survival rates for groups T4, T3 T2 and T1 were 57.05 ± 3.52%, 22.5 ± 0.5%, 15 ± 1.05% and 00.0 ± 0%, respectively. Ultimately, at the end of the study the shrimp group T4 showed higher hematological data: THC, TPP, SOD, POD and PO. The study concluded that gamma irradiant WSSV is effective immunostimulants in shrimp L. vannamei and the immunity has better performances than those of the G. corticata and S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afsharnasab
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health & Diseases, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Org.(AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Tehran-Karaj High Way, Sarve Azad Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Shapour Kakoolaki
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health & Diseases, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Org.(AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Tehran-Karaj High Way, Sarve Azad Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Mohammadidost
- Department of Health, Aquatic Animal Health and Disease, South Iranian Aquaculture Center, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ran C, Huang L, Hu J, Tacon P, He S, Li Z, Wang Y, Liu Z, Xu L, Yang Y, Zhou Z. Effects of dietary live and heat-inactive baker's yeast on growth, gut health, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia under high rearing density. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:263-271. [PMID: 27393237 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of baker's yeast as probiotics was evaluated in Nile tilapia reared at high density. Juvenile tilapia were distributed to tanks at high density (436 fish/m(3)) and fed with basal diet (CK) or diets supplemented with live (LY) or heat-inactivated yeast (HIY). Another group of fish reared at low density (218 fish/m(3)) and fed with basal diet was also included (LowCK). After 8 weeks of feeding, growth, feed utilization, gut microvilli morphology, digestive enzymes, and expressions of hsp70 and inflammation-related cytokines in the intestine were assessed. Intestinal microbiota was investigated using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila to evaluate disease resistance. High rearing density significantly decreased the growth, feed utilization, microvilli length, and disease resistance of fish (CK versus LowCK). Moreover, the intestinal hsp70 expression was increased in fish reared at high density, supporting a stress condition. Compared to CK group, supplementation of live yeast significantly increased gut microvilli length and trypsin activity, decreased intestinal hsp70 expression, and enhanced resistance of fish against A. hydrophila (reflected by reduced intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity 24 h post infection). The gut microbiota was not markedly influenced by either rearing density or yeast supplementation. Heat-inactivated yeast (HIY) didn't display the beneficial effects observed in LY except an increase in gut trypsin activity, suggesting the importance of yeast viability and thus secretory metabolites of yeast. In conclusion, live baker's yeast may alleviate the negative effects induced by crowding stress, and has the potential to be used as probiotics for tilapia reared at high density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Philippe Tacon
- Société Industrielle Lesaffre, Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | - Suxu He
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Vallejos-Vidal E, Reyes-López F, Teles M, MacKenzie S. The response of fish to immunostimulant diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:34-69. [PMID: 27389620 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to maintain fish health and to improve performance immunostimulants have been used as dietary additives to improve weight gain, feed efficiency, and/or disease resistance in cultured fish. In aquaculture, non-specific immunostimulants have been widely used probably due to the limited knowledge of the immune response in fish and the ease of their application. Many studies have been carried out to assess the effect of dietary immunostimulants in fish including algal derivatives, herb and plant extract containing diets using a wide range of downstream analytical techniques. Many immunostimulants are based upon tradition and folklore transferred through generations and specific to certain geographical regions rather than known biological properties. However, there are studies in which it is possible to observe a clear and direct dose-dependent stimulatory effect upon the immune system. Other dietary supplements used contain PAMPs (Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns) as immunostimulants whose recognition depends upon PRR (pathogen recognition receptor) interactions including the TLRs (Toll-like receptor). Despite the growing interest in the use of immunostimulants across the aquaculture industry the underlying mechanisms of ligand recognition, extract composition and activation of the fish immune response remains fragmented. In this review we focus upon the last 15 years of studies addressing the assessment of: (1) plant, herb and algae extracts; and (2) PAMPs, upon non-specific immune parameters of activation and immunostimulant diet efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Felipe Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mariana Teles
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Simon MacKenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA Stirling, UK.
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50
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Miandare HK, Farvardin S, Shabani A, Hoseinifar SH, Ramezanpour SS. The effects of galactooligosaccharide on systemic and mucosal immune response, growth performance and appetite related gene transcript in goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:479-483. [PMID: 27311434 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of supplementation of goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio) diet with galactooligosaccharide (GOS) on serum immune response, mucosal immune parameters as well as appetite-related (Ghrelin) and immune-related (TNF-1α and TNF-2α) genes expression. One hundred and eighty fish with an average weight of 4.88 ± 0.28 g were stocked in twelve 500-L fiberglass tank assigned to four treatments repeated in triplicates. Fish were fed on experimental diets contain 0.5, 1 and 2% GOS for 6 weeks. Supplementation of diet with GOS had no remarkable effect on goldfish growth performance (P > 0.05). Evaluation of serum innate immune parameters revealed that supplementation of diet with GOS significantly elevated total protein, Albumin, Globulins, Lysozyme and Alkaline phosphatase activity as well as agglutination compared to control group in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.0.5). Also, Fish fed 2% GOS supplemented diet showed increased skin mucus immune response (total protein and lysozyme activity) compared other groups (P < 0.0.5); except in case of ALP activity. Molecular studies on appetite (ghrelin) and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-1α and TNF-2α) genes expression revealed remarkably decrease and increase, respectively in GOS fed fish (P < 0.0.5). These results showed immunomodulatory effects of dietary GOS on serum and skin mucus response as well as expression of inflammatory cytokines in goldfish, though this supplement decreased appetite gene expression and had no effect on growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kolangi Miandare
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Shoeib Farvardin
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Shabani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyyede Sanaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
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