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Zeng Y, Sun B, Zhang F, Hu Z, Li W, Lan X, Ning Y, Zhou Y. The core inflammatory factors in patients with major depressive disorder: a network analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1216583. [PMID: 37692303 PMCID: PMC10491022 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1216583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) vary widely. Psycho-neuro-inflammation has shown that MDD's inflammatory factors can accelerate or slow disease progression. This network analysis study examined the complex interactions between depressed symptoms and inflammatory factors in MDD prevention and treatment. Measures We gathered participants' inflammatory factor levels, used the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17), and network analysis was used to analyzed the data. Network analysis revealed the core inflammatory (nodes) and their interactions (edges). Stability and accuracy tests assessed these centrality measures' network robustness. Cluster analysis was used to group persons with similar dimension depressive symptoms and examine their networks. Results Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is the core inflammatory factor in the overall sample, and IL-1β-interleukin-4 (IL-4) is the strongest correlation. Network precision and stability passed. Network analysis showed significant differences between Cluster 1 (with more severe anxiety/somatization and sleep disruption) and Cluster 3 (with more severe retardation and cognitive disorders), as well as between Cluster 2 (with more severe anxiety/somatization, sleep disruption and body weight) and Cluster 3. IL-1β is the core inflammatory factor in Cluster 1 and Cluster 2, while tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in Cluster 3. Conclusion IL-1β is the central inflammatory factor in the network, and there is heterogeneity in the core inflammatory factor of MDD with specific depressive dimension symptoms as the main manifestation. In conclusion, inflammatory factors and their links should be prioritized in future theoretical models of MDD and may provide new research targets for MDD intervention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexian Zeng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibo Hu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weicheng Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychology,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Zhou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Huffels CFM, Middeldorp J, Hol EM. Aß Pathology and Neuron-Glia Interactions: A Synaptocentric View. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1026-1046. [PMID: 35976488 PMCID: PMC10030451 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes the majority of dementia cases worldwide. Early pathological hallmarks include the accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) and activation of both astrocytes and microglia. Neurons form the building blocks of the central nervous system, and astrocytes and microglia provide essential input for its healthy functioning. Their function integrates at the level of the synapse, which is therefore sometimes referred to as the "quad-partite synapse". Increasing evidence puts AD forward as a disease of the synapse, where pre- and postsynaptic processes, as well as astrocyte and microglia functioning progressively deteriorate. Here, we aim to review the current knowledge on how Aß accumulation functionally affects the individual components of the quad-partite synapse. We highlight a selection of processes that are essential to the healthy functioning of the neuronal synapse, including presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic receptor functioning. We further discuss how Aß affects the astrocyte's capacity to recycle neurotransmitters, release gliotransmitters, and maintain ion homeostasis. We additionally review literature on how Aß changes the immunoprotective function of microglia during AD progression and conclude by summarizing our main findings and highlighting the challenges in current studies, as well as the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan F M Huffels
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology & Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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3
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He D, Yuan M, Dang W, Bai L, Yang R, Wang J, Ma Y, Liu B, Liu S, Zhang S, Liao X, Zhang W. Long term neuropsychiatric consequences in COVID-19 survivors: Cognitive impairment and inflammatory underpinnings fifteen months after discharge. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 80:103409. [PMID: 36549172 PMCID: PMC9751007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence shows that cognitive dysfunction may occur following coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection which is one of the most common symptoms reported in researches of "Long COVID". Several inflammatory markers are known to be elevated in COVID-19 survivors and the relationship between long-term inflammation changes and cognitive function remains unknown. METHODS We assessed cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms of 66 COVID-19 survivors and 79 healthy controls (HCs) matched with sex, age, and education level using a digital, gamified cognitive function evaluation tool and questionnaires at 15 months after discharge. Venous blood samples were collected to measure cytokine levels. We performed correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analysis to identify the factors potentially related to cognitive function. RESULTS The COVID-19 survivors performed less well on the Trails (p = 0.047) than the HCs, but most of them did not report subjective neuropsychiatric symptoms. Intensive care unit experience (β = -2.247, p < 0.0001) and self-perceived disease severity (β = -1.522, p = 0.007) were positively correlated, whereas years of education (β = 0.098, p = 0.013) was negatively associated with the performance on the Trails. Moreover, the abnormally elevated TNF-α levels (r = -0.19, p = 0.040) were negatively correlated with performance on the Trails in COVID-19 group. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that COVID-19 survivors show long-term cognitive impairment in executive function, even at 15 months after discharge. Serum TNF-α levels may be an underlying mechanism of long-term cognitive impairment in patients recovering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danmei He
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wen Dang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Runnan Yang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Simai Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Yu XD, Li A, Li XY, Zhou Y, Li X, He Z, Wang L, Reilly J, Tan Z, Xiao ZY, Shu X. Trans-urocanic acid facilitates spatial memory, implications for Alzheimer's disease. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113827. [PMID: 35490778 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Trans-urocanic acid (trans-UCA) is an isomer of cis-UCA and is widely distributed in the brain, predominantly in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Previous studies have investigated the role of trans-UCA in non-spatial memory; however, its influence on spatial memory remains unclear. In the present study, network pharmacology strategy and behavioral testing were used to evaluate the role of trans-UCA in spatial memory and predict its possible mechanism. The results showed that there are 40 intersecting targets between trans-UCA and spatial memory identified by several databases and Venn diagram, indicating that trans-UCA may be involved in spatial memory. Behavioral results show that trans-UCA facilitates spatial working memory in the Y-maze test as well as spatial recognition memory acquisition, consolidation and retrieval in an object location recognition (OLR) task. Furthermore, PPI (protein-protein interaction) network analysis, GO (gene ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway enrichment analyses show that the molecular mechanisms underlying the enhancing effect of trans-UCA on spatial memory are mainly associated with the regulation of insulin, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, serotonergic synapse and arginine and proline metabolism. The results of this study suggest that trans-UCA facilitates spatial memory in the Y-maze test and OLR task and may offer therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The underlying mechanisms predicted by network pharmacology should be further verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Ao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, , 410208 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Zhiming He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Le Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, G4 0BA, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, , 410208 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital,Department of Critical Care Medicine,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
| | - Xinhua Shu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China; Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, G4 0BA, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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5
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Mezo-González CE, Daher Abdi A, Reyes-Castro LA, Olvera Hernández S, Almeida C, Croyal M, Aguesse A, Gavioli EC, Zambrano E, Bolaños-Jiménez F. Learning Deficits Induced by High-Calorie Feeding in the Rat are Associated With Impaired Brain Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469221111116. [PMID: 35846874 PMCID: PMC9277427 DOI: 10.1177/11786469221111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to be a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular
disease, obesity is associated with learning disabilities. Here we examined
whether a dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan (Trp)
metabolism might underlie the learning deficits exhibited by obese individuals.
The KP is initiated by the enzymatic conversion of Trp into kynurenine (KYN) by
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). KYN is further converted to several signaling
molecules including quinolinic acid (QA) which has a negative impact on
learning. Wistar rats were fed either standard chow or made obese by exposure to
a free choice high-fat high-sugar (fcHFHS) diet. Their learning capacities were
evaluated using a combination of the novel object recognition and the novel
object location tasks, and the concentrations of Trp and KYN-derived metabolites
in several brain regions determined by ultra-performance liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Male, but not female, obese rats
exhibited reduced learning capacity characterized by impaired encoding along
with increased hippocampal concentrations of QA, Xanthurenic acid (XA),
Nicotinamide (Nam), and oxidized Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+). In
contrast, no differences were detected in the serum levels of Trp or KP
metabolites. Moreover, obesity enhanced the expression in the hippocampus and
frontal cortex of kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO), an enzyme involved in the
production of QA from kynurenine. QA stimulates the glutamatergic system and its
increased production leads to cognitive impairment. These results suggest that
the deleterious effects of obesity on cognition are sex dependent and that
altered KP metabolism might contribute to obesity-associated learning
disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amran Daher Abdi
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, Nantes France
| | - Luis Antonio Reyes-Castro
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, Nantes France.,Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Sandra Olvera Hernández
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, Nantes France.,Medical and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Clarissa Almeida
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- CRNH-O Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | | | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
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Zhang J, Ge J, Ma Y, Wang Z, Yu Y, Liang X, An Z, Xu Y. The Mediating and Buffering Effect of Creativity on the Relationship Between Sense of Place and Academic Achievement in Geography. Front Psychol 2022; 13:918289. [PMID: 35800937 PMCID: PMC9253632 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.918289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study explored the relationship between sense of place and academic achievement in geography and used a mediation model to verify the mediating role of creativity in this relationship. Methods A total of 1,037 upper secondary school students were surveyed using the Sense of Place Scale, the Innovative Behavior Scale, and their geography test scores. SPSS (version 26.0) was used for descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis. The PROCESS plug-in (version 4.0) was used to test the mediating effect of creativity. Results (1) The correlation analysis showed that sense of place has a positive effect on academic achievement in geography and is related to creativity. Moreover, creativity exerts a positive effect on academic achievement in geography (2). The results of mediation analysis indicated that creativity plays mediating and buffering roles in the relationship between sense of place and academic achievement in geography after controlling for gender and residential address. The direct and indirect effects accounted for 65.708 and 34.292% of the total effect, respectively. Conclusions The results indicated that sense of place affected not only academic achievement in geography directly but also creativity indirectly. This conclusion provides certain ideas for the development of geography curriculums. Since academic achievement in geography is related to both sense of place and creativity, it is necessary to pay more attention to integrating sense of place in geography education and to foster creativity in curriculum development and teaching of geography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanhua Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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Rajaei Z, Amooheydari Z, Alaei H, Esmaeil N. Supplementation of carvacrol attenuates hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-alpha level, oxidative stress, and learning and memory dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide-exposed rats. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:33. [PMID: 35720215 PMCID: PMC9201230 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_194_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carvacrol is a natural phenolic monoterpene with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bioactivities. Neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress responses play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The present study examined the effect of carvacrol on brain tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level and oxidative stress as well as spatial learning and memory performances in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were treated with either carvacrol (25 and 50 mg/kg) or Tween 80 for 2 weeks. Thereafter, LPS (1 mg/kg) or saline was intraperitoneally administered on days 15–19, 2 h before Morris water maze task, and treatments with carvacrol or Tween 80 were performed 30 min prior to behavioral testing. The level of TNF-α, lipid peroxidation, and total thiol concentration were measured in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex at the end of the experiment. Results: It was found that LPS-exposed rats exhibited spatial learning and memory dysfunction, which was accompanied by increased TNF-α level and lipid peroxidation, and decreased total thiol concentration in the hippocampus and/or cortex. Moreover, treatment with carvacrol at a dose of 25 mg/kg attenuated learning and memory impairments, decreased TNF-α and lipid peroxidation level in the hippocampus and cortex, and increased total thiol concentration in the cortex. Conclusion: Carvacrol exerts neuroprotective effects against LPS-induced spatial memory deficits through attenuating hippocampal TNF-α level and oxidative stress in rats.
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Sonego AB, Prado DDS, Guimarães FS. PPARγ receptors are involved in the effects of cannabidiol on orofacial dyskinesia and cognitive dysfunction induced by typical antipsychotic in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110367. [PMID: 34048863 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder that appears after chronic use of drugs that block dopaminergic receptors such as antipsychotics. Besides the motor symptoms, patients with TD also present cognitive deficits. Neuroinflammatory mechanisms could be involved in the development of these symptoms. A previous study showed that cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychotomimetic compound of Cannabis sativa plant, prevents orofacial dyskinesia induced by typical antipsychotics by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARγ). Here, we investigated if CBD would also reverse haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and associated cognitive deficits. We also verified if these effects depend on PPARγ receptor activation. Daily treatment with haloperidol (3 mg/kg, 21 days) increased the frequency of vacuous chewing movements (VCM) and decreased the discrimination index in the novel object recognition test in male Swiss mice. CBD (60 mg/kg/daily) administered in the last 7 days of haloperidol treatment attenuated both behavioral effects. Furthermore, haloperidol increased IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the striatum and hippocampus while CBD reverted these effects. The striatal and hippocampal levels of proinflammatory cytokines correlated with VCM frequency and discrimination index, respectively. Pretreatment with the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (2 mg/kg/daily) blocked the behavioral effects of CBD. In conclusion, these results indicated that CBD could attenuate haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and improve non-motor symptoms associated with TD by activating PPARγ receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza Buzolin Sonego
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Douglas da Silva Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
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9
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Piber D. The role of sleep disturbance and inflammation for spatial memory. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 17:100333. [PMID: 34589818 PMCID: PMC8474561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial memory is a brain function involved in multiple behaviors such as planning a route or recalling an object's location. The formation of spatial memory relies on the homeostasis of various biological systems, including healthy sleep and a well-functioning immune system. While sleep is thought to promote the stabilization and storage of spatial memories, considerable evidence shows that the immune system modulates neuronal processes underlying spatial memory such as hippocampal neuroplasticity, long-term potentiation, and neurogenesis. Conversely, when sleep is disturbed and/or states of heightened immune activation occur, hippocampal regulatory pathways are altered, which - on a behavioral level - may result in spatial memory impairments. In this Brief Review, I summarize how sleep and the immune system contribute to spatial memory processes. In addition, I present emerging evidence suggesting that sleep disturbance and inflammation might jointly impair spatial memory. Finally, potentials of integrated strategies that target sleep disturbance and inflammation to possibly mitigate risk for spatial memory impairment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Piber
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA
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10
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Daroi PA, Dhage SN, Juvekar AR. p-Coumaric acid mitigates lipopolysaccharide induced brain damage via alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:556-564. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide induces neuroinflammation leading to cognitive deficit and memory impairment. Herein, we investigated the effects of p-Coumaric acid (PCA) in LPS induced neuroinflammation in mice. PCA is reported to possess free radicle scavenging and neuroprotective action.
Methods
Mice received treatment with PCA (80 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 days. LPS (0.25 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally from Day 15 to 21, to all groups. Memory impairment and cognitive deficit were assessed by MWM and Y maze test, followed by estimation of ROS, TNF-α, IL-6, caspase-3 and c-Jun in the brain homogenate by ELISA. Histopathological changes were investigated using Nissl and H&E staining.
Key findings
PCA attenuated increased oxidative stress, significantly increasing SOD, GSH levels and decreasing MDA level and AChE activity in mice brain, lowered the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 indicating protection against neuroinflammatory reaction. PCA also suppressed neuronal apoptosis, as indicated by decreased levels of caspase-3 and c-Jun. Further, histopathological findings revealed that PCA attenuated neuronal loss and pathological abnormalities in the hippocampus.
Conclusions
Our findings give compulsive evidence suggesting a protective effect of PCA in neuroinflammation, cognitive impairment and neuronal apoptosis induced by LPS, through its antioxidant, AChE inhibitory, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activity determined by behavioural, biochemical and histopathological measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Atul Daroi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Shrikant Ninaji Dhage
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Archana Ramesh Juvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
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11
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Si J, Jin Y, Cui M, Yao Q, Li R, Li X. Neuroprotective effect of miR-212-5p on isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting neuroinflammation. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:501-506. [PMID: 34024225 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1919948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane is a commonly used inhalation anesthetic in the clinic, which can induce cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation. miR-212-5p has been demonstrated to be involved in the neuronal system and play vital roles in memory formation. Its function in the learning and memory impairment and neuroinflammation induced by isoflurane was investigated in this study. METHODS Cognitive dysfunction rat models were established by 3% isoflurane inhalation. The neurological function was evaluated by the modified Neurological Severity Scale. The learning and memory ability of rats was assessed by the Morris water maze test. The expression level of miR-212-5p was analyzed by RT-qPCR, and the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA. RESULTS Isoflurane induced cognitive dysfunction in rats with the neurological scores and the escape latency increased, and time spent in the target quadrant decreased. The protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were increased in isoflurane treated rats. miR-212-5p was downregulated in cognitive impairment rats. The upregulation of miR-212-5p by the agomir injection decreased the neurological scores of rats and increased the learning and memory ability of impaired rats. Moreover, the neuroinflammation was inhibited by the overexpression of miR-212-5p. CONCLUSION miR-212-5p showed a neuroprotective effect in isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction rats by inhibiting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiguo Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yanwu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Qun Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternity and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, P. R. China
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12
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Faborode OS, Yusuf IO, Okpe PO, Okudaje AO, Onasanwo SA. Exposure to prolonged unpredictable light impairs spatial memory via induction of oxidative stress and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:355-362. [PMID: 33873260 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The human body physiology rapidly changes and adapt to several environmental stimuli, including light. Abnormal artificial light exposures have been shown to affect sleep cycle, cognition, and mood. Although studies have reported inconsistent effects of short-term or constant long-term light exposures, human exposures to artificial lights occur at varying, unpredictable times and duration daily. Here, we studied the effects of long-term unpredictable light exposure on learning, memory, oxidative status, and associated cytokines in rats. METHODS Artificial lighting was provided using an array of white light-emitting diodes coupled to a microcontroller that switches them on or off at unpredictable times and duration (light intensity = 200 ± 20 lx). Within the last eight days of 40 days exposure, animals were subjected to open field test, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition behavioral paradigms. Brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assayed. RESULTS Exposed rats showed impaired spatial learning and memory (p<0.05), but no changes in object recognition memory or locomotor activity. Oxidative stress analyses also revealed significant changes in the concentrations of MDA, SOD, catalase, and GSH levels (p<0.05), not GST. Similarly, there was an increased TNF-α expression (p<0.05), not VEGF. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that oxidative stress is involved in memory impairment in rats exposed to prolonged unpredictable lights, which again suggests the detrimental effects of extended light exposure on the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun S Faborode
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria.,Neuroscience and Oral Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Issa O Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester,MA, USA
| | - Paschal O Okpe
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria
| | - Ann O Okudaje
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria
| | - Samuel A Onasanwo
- Neuroscience and Oral Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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13
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Ceci FM, Ferraguti G, Petrella C, Greco A, Ralli M, Iannitelli A, Carito V, Tirassa P, Chaldakov GN, Messina MP, Ceccanti M, Fiore M. Nerve Growth Factor in Alcohol Use Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 19:45-60. [PMID: 32348226 PMCID: PMC7903493 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200429003239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nerve growth factor (NGF) belongs to the family of neurotrophic factors. Initially discovered as a signaling molecule involved in the survival, protection, differentiation, and proliferation of sympathetic and peripheral sensory neurons, it also participates in the regulation of the immune system and endocrine system. NGF biological activity is due to the binding of two classes of receptors: the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) and the low-affinity NGF pan-neurotrophin receptor p75. Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) are one of the most frequent mental disorders in developed countries, characterized by heavy drinking, despite the negative effects of alcohol on brain development and cognitive functions that cause individual’s work, medical, legal, educational, and social life problems. In addition, alcohol consumption during pregnancy disrupts the development of the fetal brain causing a wide range of neurobehavioral outcomes collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The rationale of this review is to describe crucial findings on the role of NGF in humans and animals, when exposed to prenatal, chronic alcohol consumption, and on binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Maria Ceci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Section of Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Iannitelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Carito
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Section of Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Section of Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - George N Chaldakov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | - Mauro Ceccanti
- Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Section of Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
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14
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Esmaeili MH, Enayati M, Khabbaz Abkenar F, Ebrahimian F, Salari AA. Glibenclamide mitigates cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuroinflammation in rats with type 2 diabetes and sporadic Alzheimer-like disease. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Activation of microglia in acute hippocampal slices affects activity-dependent long-term potentiation and synaptic tagging and capture in area CA1. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 163:107039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Hoogland AI, Nelson AM, Gonzalez BD, Small BJ, Breen EC, Sutton SK, Syrjala KL, Bower JE, Pidala J, Booth-Jones M, Jacobsen PB, Jim HSL. Worsening cognitive performance is associated with increases in systemic inflammation following hematopoietic cell transplantation. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:308-314. [PMID: 30953767 PMCID: PMC6660393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive decline is a frequently cited concern among patients receiving hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), and patients often experience neurocognitive deficits (i.e., stable or worsening neurocognitive performance) throughout the transplant course. Deficits can be most severe during the acute transplant period (i.e., 90 days after transplantation), when patients also typically experience elevated systemic levels of inflammation. Previous studies have identified inflammation as a likely mechanism underlying neurocognitive deficits, primarily in women with breast cancer; however, longitudinal studies have been limited. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the relationship between changes in systemic inflammation and changes in cognition from pre- to post-transplant in patients receiving allogeneic HCT. METHODS Patients scheduled for allogeneic HCT (n = 85) were assessed prior to HCT and 90 days after HCT. Biomarkers of inflammation included IL-6, sTNF-RII, CRP, and IL-1ra, which have been previously associated with neurocognitive deficits in cancer patients. Patients completed neuropsychological testing and self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Mixed models demonstrated that from pre- to post-HCT, increases in IL-6 and sTNF-RII were associated with neurocognitive deficits, and decreases in CRP were associated with better neurocognitive performance. There were no significant associations between changes in inflammation and self-reported cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are the first to our knowledge to report a robust relationship between increasing inflammation and neurocognitive deficits from pre- to post-HCT. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings in a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley M Nelson
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Brent J Small
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Breen
- University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Karen L Syrjala
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julienne E Bower
- University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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17
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Taoro-González L, Cabrera-Pastor A, Sancho-Alonso M, Arenas YM, Meseguer-Estornell F, Balzano T, ElMlili N, Felipo V. Differential role of interleukin-1β in neuroinflammation-induced impairment of spatial and nonspatial memory in hyperammonemic rats. FASEB J 2019; 33:9913-9928. [PMID: 31162953 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900230rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activated microglia and increased brain IL-1β play a main role in cognitive impairment in much pathology. We studied the role of IL-1β in neuroinflammation-induced impairment of the following different types of learning and memory: novel object recognition (NOR), novel object location (NOL), spatial learning, reference memory (RM), and working memory (WM). All these processes are impaired in hyperammonemic rats. We assessed which of these types of learning and memory are restored by blocking the IL-1 receptor in vivo in hyperammonemic rats and the possible mechanisms involved. Blocking the IL-1 receptor reversed microglial activation in the hippocampus, perirhinal cortex, and prefrontal cortex but not in the postrhinal cortex. This was associated with the restoration of NOR and WM but not of tasks involving a spatial component (NOL and RM). This suggests that IL-1β would be involved in neuroinflammation-induced nonspatial memory impairment, whereas spatial memory impairment would be IL-1β-independent and would be mediated by other proinflammatory factors.-Taoro-González, L., Cabrera-Pastor, A., Sancho-Alonso, M., Arenas, Y. M., Meseguer-Estornell, F., Balzano, T., ElMlili, N., Felipo, V. Differential role of interleukin-1β in neuroinflammation-induced impairment of spatial and nonspatial memory in hyperammonemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Taoro-González
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Pastor
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sancho-Alonso
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yaiza M Arenas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Tiziano Balzano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nisrin ElMlili
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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18
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Kyriklaki A, Margetaki K, Kampouri M, Koutra K, Bitsios P, Chalkiadaki G, Dermitzaki E, Venihaki M, Sarri K, Anousaki D, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L. Association between high levels of inflammatory markers and cognitive outcomes at 4 years of age: The Rhea mother-child cohort study, Crete, Greece. Cytokine 2019; 117:1-7. [PMID: 30772773 PMCID: PMC8801160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence associating inflammatory markers in complex, higher order neurological functions, such as cognition and memory. We examined whether high levels of various inflammatory markers are associated with cognitive outcomes at 4 years of age in a mother-child cohort in Crete, Greece (Rhea study). We included 642 children in this cross-sectional study. Levels of several inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17α, IL-10, MIP-1α, TNF-α and the ratios of IL-6 to IL-10 and TNF-α to IL-10) were determined in child serum via immunoassay. Neurodevelopment at 4 years was assessed by means of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between the exposures and outcomes of interest after adjustment for various confounders. Our results indicate that children with high TNF-α concentrations (≥90th percentile) in serum demonstrated decreased scores in memory (adjusted β = -4.0; 95% CI: -7.7, -0.2), working memory (adjusted β = -4.0; 95% CI: -8.0, -0.1) as well as in memory span scale (adjusted β = -4.0; 95% CI: -7.9, -0.1). We also found that children with high IFN-γ serum levels showed lower scores in memory span scale (adjusted β = -3.4; 95% CI: -7.3, -0.4). Children with elevated TNF-α/IL-10 ratio demonstrated decreased quantitative (adjusted β = -4.3; 95% CI: -8.2, -0.4), motor (adjusted β = -3.5; 95% CI: -7.5, -0.5), executive function (adjusted β = -4.8; 95% CI: -8.5, -1.1), general cognitive (adjusted β = -3.6; 95% CI: -7.3, -0.1), memory (adjusted β = -3.8; 95% CI: -7.6, -0), working memory (adjusted β = -3.5; 95% CI: -7.5, -0.5) and memory span scores (adjusted β = -5.3; 95% CI: -9.1, -1.4) The findings suggest that high levels of TNF-α may contribute to reduced memory performance at preschool age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriani Kyriklaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Koutra
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgia Chalkiadaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eirini Dermitzaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Venihaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Sarri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Despoina Anousaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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19
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Establishment of Novel Murine Model showing Vascular Inflammation-derived Cognitive Dysfunction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4023. [PMID: 30858535 PMCID: PMC6411753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical feature of aging and its related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Recent epidemiological studies demonstrated that abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), an aging-related vascular pathological condition, is associated with cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanism, especially the role of vascular inflammation, is largely unknown because of lack of an available animal model. In this study, we examined whether vascular inflammation affects synaptic and cognitive dysfunction, using an AAA mouse model. In young (3 months) and middle-aged (12 months) C57BL/6J mice, AAA was induced by angiotensin II infusion with calcium chloride application. After 4 weeks of induction, aortic diameter was significantly increased and excessive Mac3-positive inflammatory cells infiltrated the destroyed aorta in middle-aged mice. AAA-induced middle-aged mice further exhibited cognitive impairment. Neuronal loss was observed in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. IBA1/MHCII-double-positive microglia activation was also seen in the hippocampus, suggesting that vascular inflammation drives neuroinflammation and subsequent cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, we found that senescence-accelerated mice prone 8 exhibited robust AAA formation and a marked decrease of cognitive and synaptic function in the hippocampus mediated by inflammation. In conclusion, this novel murine model convincingly suggested the occurrence of vascular inflammation-derived cognitive dysfunction.
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20
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Di Benedetto S, Gaetjen M, Müller L. The Modulatory Effect of Gender and Cytomegalovirus-Seropositivity on Circulating Inflammatory Factors and Cognitive Performance in Elderly Individuals. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040990. [PMID: 30823516 PMCID: PMC6412896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a chronic increase in the systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines even in ostensibly healthy individuals. The drivers of age-related increase in systemic inflammation are unclear but one potential contributor may be a persistent infection with Cytomegalovirus (CMV). In this study, we characterized the inflammatory status of 161 older participants recruited to undergo a six-month training intervention. We investigated the influence of gender and CMV-seropositivity on the main inflammatory and anti-inflammatory circulating biomarkers, such as cytokines, receptor antagonist, soluble receptor, immune cells, and relevant metabolic markers. We found that both gender and CMV-seropositivity modulate circulating peripheral biomarkers, and that CMV-infection modifies associations among the latter. Moreover, we observed an interaction between CMV-serostatus and gender associations with cognitive abilities: gender differences in fluid intelligence (Gf) and working memory (WM) were noted only in CMV-negative individuals. Finally, we found that in the CMV-seronegative participants Gf, episodic memory (EM), and WM correlated negatively with pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF); and EM correlated positively with anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10. In CMV-seropositive individuals EM and Gf correlated negatively with pro-inflammatory IL-6, while EM, Gf, and WM correlated negatively with anti-inflammatory IL-1RA. We conclude that both CMV-serostatus and gender may modulate neuroimmune factors, cognitive performance and the relationship between the two domains and should therefore be considered in comparative and interventional studies with elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Di Benedetto
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestr. 22, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Marcel Gaetjen
- Becton Dickinson Biosciences, Tullastr. 8-12, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ludmila Müller
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Cognitive impairments reported across psychiatric conditions (ie, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder) strongly impair the quality of life of patients and the recovery of those conditions. There is therefore a great need for consideration for cognitive dysfunction in the management of psychiatric disorders. The redundant pattern of cognitive impairments across such conditions suggests possible shared mechanisms potentially leading to their development. Here, we review for the first time the possible role of inflammation in cognitive dysfunctions across psychiatric disorders. Raised inflammatory processes (microglia activation and elevated cytokine levels) across diagnoses could therefore disrupt neurobiological mechanisms regulating cognition, including Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity, neurogenesis, neurotrophic factor, the HPA axis, and the kynurenine pathway. This redundant association between elevated inflammation and cognitive alterations across psychiatric disorders hence suggests that a cross-disorder approach using pharmacological and nonpharmacological (ie, physical activity and nutrition) anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory strategies should be considered in the management of cognition in psychiatry.
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22
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Wang TY, Lee SY, Chang YH, Chen SL, Chen PS, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Lee IH, Chen KC, Yang YK, Chen SH, Hong JS, Lu RB. Correlation of cytokines, BDNF levels, and memory function in patients with opioid use disorder undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 191:6-13. [PMID: 30071446 PMCID: PMC6487886 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) show memory deficiencies and impaired treatment outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that opioid abuse activates proinflammatory processes by increasing cytokine production and impairing neuroprotection, which damages the memory function in OUD patients. Therefore, we investigated whether plasma-based inflammatory and neurotrophic markers correlate with memory function in OUD patients. METHOD OUD patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) were investigated and followed up for 12 weeks. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) scores were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of MMT. Multiple linear regressions and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to examine the correlation between cytokines and memory performance. RESULTS We enrolled 89 patients at baseline; 47 patients completed the end-of-study assessments. Although Pearson correlations showed that CRP and TGF-β1 levels were significantly, negatively associated with some memory indices, the results were not significant after correction. The GEE results, controlled for several confounding factors and multiple testing, showed that changes in TNF-α levels were negatively correlated with changes in the visual memory index (P = 0.01), and that changes in IL-6 levels were negatively correlated with changes in the verbal memory index (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION Memory performance, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in OUD patients were negative correlated. Additional studies on regulating TNF-α and IL-6 expression to improve memory function in OUD patients might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, No. 345, Zhuangjing Road, Douliu, Yunlin 64043, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Department of Psychology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Lan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine;,Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 3F, No.367, Sheng-Li Rd., North District, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei 11490, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I Hui Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kao Chin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, No.345, Zhuangjing Rd., Douliu, Yunlin 64043, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Heng Chen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, NIH/NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709, USA
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, NIH/NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709, USA
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;,Beijing YiNing Hospital, No.9 Minzhuang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100195, China;,Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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Lee JY, Joo B, Nam JH, Nam HY, Lee W, Nam Y, Seo Y, Kang HJ, Cho HJ, Jang YP, Kim J, We YM, Koo JW, Hoe HS. An Aqueous Extract of Herbal Medicine ALWPs Enhances Cognitive Performance and Inhibits LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation via FAK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:269. [PMID: 30319390 PMCID: PMC6168635 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that Liuwei Dihuang pills (LWPs) can positively affect learning, memory and neurogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not understood. In the present study, we developed ALWPs, a mixture of Antler and LWPs, and investigated whether ALWPs can affect neuroinflammatory responses. We found that ALWPs (500 mg/ml) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β mRNA levels in BV2 microglial cells but not primary astrocytes. ALWPs significantly reduced LPS-induced cell-surface levels of TLR4 to alter neuroinflammation. An examination of the molecular mechanisms by which ALWPs regulate the LPS-induced proinflammatory response revealed that ALWPs significantly downregulated LPS-induced levels of FAK phosphorylation, suggesting that ALWPs modulate FAK signaling to alter LPS-induced IL-1β levels. In addition, treatment with ALWPs followed by LPS resulted in decreased levels of the transcription factor NF-κB in the nucleus compared with LPS alone. Moreover, ALWPs significantly suppressed LPS-induced BV2 microglial cell migration. To examine whether ALWPs modulate learning and memory in vivo, wild-type C57BL/6J mice were orally administered ALWPs (200 mg/kg) or PBS daily for 3 days, intraperitoneally injected (i.p.) with LPS (250 μg/kg) or PBS, and assessed in Y maze and NOR tests. We observed that oral administration of ALWPs to LPS-injected wild-type C57BL/6J mice significantly rescued short- and long-term memory. More importantly, oral administration of ALWPs to LPS-injected wild-type C57BL/6J mice significantly reduced microglial activation in the hippocampus and cortex. Taken together, our results suggest that ALWPs can suppress neuroinflammation-associated cognitive deficits and that ALWPs have potential as a drug for neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bitna Joo
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin Han Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Wonil Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Youngpyo Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yongtaek Seo
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Cho
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Pyo Jang
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongyeon Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Man We
- College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- Oriental Medical Clinic Center, Hyoo Medical Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja Wook Koo
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
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24
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Hu Z, Zou D, Mai H, Yuan X, Wang L, Li Y, Liao J, Liu L, Liu G, Zeng H, Wen F. Altered brain function in new onset childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia before chemotherapy: A resting-state fMRI study. Brain Dev 2017; 39:743-750. [PMID: 28545980 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairments had been reported in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, what caused the impairments needed to be demonstrated, chemotherapy-related or the disease itself. The primary aim of this exploratory investigation was to determine if there were changes in brain function of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia before chemotherapy. METHODS In this study, we advanced a measure named regional homogeneity to evaluate the resting-state brain activities, intelligence quotient test was performed at same time. Using regional homogeneity, we first investigated the resting state brain function in patients with new onset childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia before chemotherapy, healthy children as control. RESULTS The decreased ReHo values were mainly founded in the default mode network and left frontal lobe, bilateral inferior parietal lobule, bilateral temporal lobe, bilateral occipital lobe, precentral gyrus, bilateral cerebellum in the newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients compared with the healthy control. While in contrast, increased ReHo values were mainly shown in the right frontal lobe (language area), superior frontal gyrus-R, middle frontal gyrus-R and inferior parietal lobule-R for acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients group. There were no significant differences for intelligence quotient measurements between the acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient group and the healthy control in performance intelligence quotient, verbal intelligence quotient, total intelligence quotient. CONCLUSION The altered brain functions are associated with cognitive change and language, it is suggested that there may be cognition impairment before the chemotherapy. Regional homogeneity by functional magnetic resonance image is a sensitive way for early detection on brain damage in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China; Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongfang Zou
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Huirong Mai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuli Yuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxiang Liao
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China.
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China.
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Wu J, Zhao YM, Deng ZK. Tangeretin ameliorates renal failure via regulating oxidative stress, NF-κB–TNF-α/iNOS signalling and improves memory and cognitive deficits in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:119-132. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Wang G, He F, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhou C, Huang Y, Zou J. Immunopotentiator Thymosin Alpha-1 Promotes Neurogenesis and Cognition in the Developing Mouse via a Systemic Th1 Bias. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:675-684. [PMID: 28780644 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In early life, the immune system plays an essential role in brain development. In our study, the immunopotentiator thymosin alpha-1 (Ta1) was peripherally administered to neonatal mice to explore whether the peripheral immunopotentiator affects neurodevelopment and cognition, and to further investigate the relevant mechanism. Compared with the control group, the Ta1 mice displayed better cognitive abilities in early life. The numbers of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)+, nestin+, T-box transcription factor 2 (Tbr2)+, BrdU+/doublecortin (DCX)+, BrdU+/ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1)+, and BrdU+/neuronal nuclei (NeuN)+ cells in the hippocampus were increased in the Ta1 group, accompanied by increased interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-gamma, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 as well as decreased IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, the Ta1-group showed a Th1-polarized immune response, and the neurotrophic factors were positively associated with the Th1/Th2 ratio. More importantly, administration of Ta1 blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis in early life. These findings suggest that peripheral Ta1 contributes to neurogenesis and cognition probably through a systemic Th1 bias, as well as neuroprotection against LPS infection by Ta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fen He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yunlong Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yihong Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China.
| | - Juntao Zou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Ceccanti M, Coriale G, Hamilton DA, Carito V, Coccurello R, Scalese B, Ciafrè S, Codazzo C, Messina MP, Chaldakov GN, Fiore M. Virtual Morris task responses in individuals in an abstinence phase from alcohol. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:128-136. [PMID: 28763626 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at examining spatial learning and memory, in 33 men and 12 women with alcohol use disorder (AUD) undergoing ethanol detoxification, by using a virtual Morris task. As controls, we recruited 29 men and 10 women among episodic drinkers without a history of alcohol addiction or alcohol-related diseases. Elevated latency to the first movement in all trials was observed only in AUD persons; furthermore, control women had longer latencies compared with control men. Increased time spent to reach the hidden platform in the learning phase was found for women of both groups compared with men, in particular during trial 3. As predicted, AUD persons (more evident in men) spent less time in the target quadrant during the probe trial; however, AUD women had longer latencies to reach the platform in the visible condition during trials 6 and 7 that resulted in a greater distance moved. As for the probe trial, men of both groups showed increased virtual locomotion compared with the women of both groups. The present investigation confirms and extends previous studies showing (i) different gender responses in spatial learning tasks, (ii) some alterations due to alcohol addiction in virtual spatial learning, and (iii) differences between AUD men and AUD women in spatial-behaviour-related paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ceccanti
- a Center for Alcohol Abuse (Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio-CRARL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Coriale
- a Center for Alcohol Abuse (Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio-CRARL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Derek A Hamilton
- b Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Valentina Carito
- c Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBCN-CNR)/Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- c Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBCN-CNR)/Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Scalese
- a Center for Alcohol Abuse (Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio-CRARL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Ciafrè
- c Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBCN-CNR)/Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Codazzo
- a Center for Alcohol Abuse (Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio-CRARL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Patrizia Messina
- a Center for Alcohol Abuse (Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio-CRARL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - George N Chaldakov
- d Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University, Varna, 9002 Bulgaria
| | - Marco Fiore
- c Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBCN-CNR)/Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
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Zhou H, Luo T, Wei C, Shen W, Li R, Wu A. RAGE antagonism by FPS‑ZM1 attenuates postoperative cognitive dysfunction through inhibition of neuroinflammation in mice. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4187-4194. [PMID: 29067447 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation triggered by surgical trauma contributes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The receptor for advanced glycation end‑products (RAGE), a multiligand inflammatory receptor, is involved in the damaging effects of various cellular processes, contributing to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. However, the potential role of RAGE in the acute period of POCD has not been fully investigated. C57BL/6 male mice undergoing surgery of the tibia under isoflurane anesthesia were treated with the RAGE antagonist FPS‑ZM1 or vehicle control intraperitoneally for a period of 7 days. The cognitive function of the animals was tested using trace fear conditioning on the third postoperative day. To determine astrocytic activation, microgliosis, p65 expression, inflammatory factor levels and postsynaptic density protein‑95 (PSD‑95) expression in the hippocampus, the animals were euthanized on either the first, third or seventh postoperative day. Compared with the control group, the cognitive function of the surgical animals was impaired on the third postoperative day. Astrocytic activation, microgliosis and the expression levels of p65, interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, and PSD‑95 were significantly increased on the first, and third postoperative days. However, tumor necrosis factor‑α expression was significantly increased only on postoperative day 1. All of the surgical effects observed were partially inhibited by treatment with FPS‑ZM1. In summary, the results of the present study suggest that RAGE serves an important role in the acute inflammatory process of POCD, and blocking RAGE can inhibit neuroinflammation and attenuate POCD. Thus, the RAGE signaling pathway may be a novel target in the prevention, and treatment of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhen Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Ruilin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Anshi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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A systematic review on the association between inflammatory genes and cognitive decline in non-demented elderly individuals. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:568-588. [PMID: 26718789 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, or decline, is not only a feature of Alzheimer׳s disease and other forms of dementia but also normal ageing. Abundant evidence from epidemiological studies points towards perturbed inflammatory mechanisms in aged individuals, though the cause-effect nature of this apparent relationship is difficult to establish. Genetic association studies focusing on polymorphism in and around inflammatory genes represent a viable approach to establish whether inflammatory mechanisms might play a causal role in cognitive decline, whilst also enabling the identification of specific genes potentially influencing specific cognitive facets. Thus, here we provide a review of published genetic association studies investigating inflammatory genes in the context of cognitive decline in elderly, non-demented, samples. Numerous candidate gene association studies have been performed to date, focusing almost exclusively on genes encoding major cytokines. Some of these studies report significant cognitive domain-specific associations implicating Interleukin 1β (IL1β) (rs16944), Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) (rs1800629) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in various domains of cognitive function. However, the majority of these studies are lacking in statistical power and have other methodological limitations, suggesting some of them may have yielded false positive results. Genome-wide association studies have implicated less direct and less obvious regulators of inflammatory processes (i.e., PDE7A, HS3ST4, SPOCK3), indicating that a shift away from the major cytokine-encoding genes in future studies will be important. Furthermore, better cohesion across studies with regards to the cognitive test batteries administered to participants along with the continued application of longitudinal designs will be vital.
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30
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Influence of extracellular zinc on M1 microglial activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43778. [PMID: 28240322 PMCID: PMC5327400 DOI: 10.1038/srep43778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular zinc, which is released from hippocampal neurons in response to brain ischaemia, triggers morphological changes in microglia. Under ischaemic conditions, microglia exhibit two opposite activation states (M1 and M2 activation), which may be further regulated by the microenvironment. We examined the role of extracellular zinc on M1 activation of microglia. Pre-treatment of microglia with 30–60 μM ZnCl2 resulted in dose-dependent increases in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) secretion when M1 activation was induced by lipopolysaccharide administration. In contrast, the cell-permeable zinc chelator TPEN, the radical scavenger Trolox, and the P2X7 receptor antagonist A438079 suppressed the effects of zinc pre-treatment on microglia. Furthermore, endogenous zinc release was induced by cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion, resulting in increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and the microglial M1 surface marker CD16/32, without hippocampal neuronal cell loss, in addition to impairments in object recognition memory. However, these effects were suppressed by the zinc chelator CaEDTA. These findings suggest that extracellular zinc may prime microglia to enhance production of pro-inflammatory cytokines via P2X7 receptor activation followed by reactive oxygen species generation in response to stimuli that trigger M1 activation, and that these inflammatory processes may result in deficits in object recognition memory.
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Wang JH, Lei X, Cheng XR, Zhang XR, Liu G, Cheng JP, Xu YR, Zeng J, Zhou WX, Zhang YX. LW-AFC, a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction, ameliorates behavioral and pathological deterioration via modulating the neuroendocrine-immune system in PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1 ΔE9 transgenic mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2016; 8:57. [PMID: 27964740 PMCID: PMC5154149 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-016-0226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence implicates the neuroendocrine immunomodulation (NIM) network in the physiopathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Notably, we previously revealed that the NIM network is dysregulated in the PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mouse model of AD. METHODS After treatment with a novel Liuwei Dihuang formula (LW-AFC), mice were cognitively evaluated in behavioral experiments. Neuron loss, amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, and Aβ level were analyzed using Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, and an AlphaLISA assay, respectively. Multiplex bead analysis, a radioimmunoassay, immunochemiluminometry, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure cytokine and hormone levels. Lymphocyte subsets were detected using flow cytometry. Data between two groups were compared using a Student's t test. Comparison of the data from multiple groups against one group was performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Dunnett's post hoc test or a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with a Tukey multiple comparisons test. RESULTS LW-AFC ameliorated the cognitive impairment observed in APP/PS1 mice, including the impairment of object recognition memory, spatial learning and memory, and active and passive avoidance. In addition, LW-AFC alleviated the neuron loss in the hippocampus, suppressed Aβ deposition in the brain, and reduced the concentration of Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus and plasma of APP/PS1 mice. LW-AFC treatment also significantly decreased the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in the pituitary. Moreover, LW-AFC increased CD8+CD28+ T cells, and reduced CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in the spleen lymphocytes, downregulated interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-23, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α and -β, and upregulated IL-4 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the plasma of APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS LW-AFC ameliorated the behavioral and pathological deterioration of APP/PS1 transgenic mice via the restoration of the NIM network to a greater extent than either memantine or donepezil, which supports the use of LW-AFC as a potential agent for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Wang
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xi Lei
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Cheng
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xiao-Rui Zhang
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jun-Ping Cheng
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yi-Ran Xu
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ju Zeng
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wen-Xia Zhou
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yong-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China.
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de Oliveira CC, Gouveia FV, de Castro MC, Kuroki MA, Dos Santos LCT, Fonoff ET, Teixeira MJ, Otoch JP, Martinez RCR. A Window on the Study of Aversive Instrumental Learning: Strains, Performance, Neuroendocrine, and Immunologic Systems. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:162. [PMID: 27605910 PMCID: PMC4995215 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The avoidance response is present in pathological anxiety and interferes with normal daily functions. The aim of this article is to shed light on performance markers of active avoidance (AA) using two different rat strains, Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar. Specifically, good and poor performers were evaluated regarding anxiety traits exhibited in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and corticosterone levels and motor activity in the open field test. In addition, the plasma levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1Beta (IL-1beta), Nerve Growth Factor Beta (NGF-beta), Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-alpha) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1) were compared in the good and poor performers to better understand the role of the immunologic system in aversive learning. Behavioral criteria were employed to identify subpopulations of SD and Wistar rats based on their behavioral scores during a two-way AA test. The animals were tested for anxiety-like behavior in the EPM and motor activity in the open-field test. Plasma corticosterone levels were measured at the end of the avoidance test. Cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-1beta, NGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and CINC-1 were measured in the plasma of the Wistar rats. Sixty-six percent of the Wistar rats and 35% of the SD rats exhibited a poor performance. This feature was associated with a decrease in anxiety-like behavior in the EPM. The poor and good performers exhibited lower levels of corticosterone compared with the control animals, which suggests that training alters corticosterone levels, thereby leading to hypocortisolism, independent of the performance. The CINC-1 levels were increased in the poor performers, which reinforces the role of immunologic system activation in learning deficits. Our study provides a better understanding of the complex interactions that underlie neuroimmune consequences and their implications for performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Hospital Sirio-Libanes Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia V Gouveia
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Hospital Sirio-Libanes Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina C de Castro
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Hospital Sirio-Libanes Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra A Kuroki
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Hospital Sirio-Libanes Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lennon C T Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Hospital Sirio-Libanes Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erich T Fonoff
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel J Teixeira
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José P Otoch
- Department of Surgery Techniques, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel C R Martinez
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Role of GABA(B) receptors in learning and memory and neurological disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 63:1-28. [PMID: 26814961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although it is evident from the literature that altered GABAB receptor function does affect behavior, these results often do not correspond well. These differences could be due to the task protocol, animal strain, ligand concentration, or timing of administration utilized. Because several clinical populations exhibit learning and memory deficits in addition to altered markers of GABA and the GABAB receptor, it is important to determine whether altered GABAB receptor function is capable of contributing to the deficits. The aim of this review is to examine the effect of altered GABAB receptor function on synaptic plasticity as demonstrated by in vitro data, as well as the effects on performance in learning and memory tasks. Finally, data regarding altered GABA and GABAB receptor markers within clinical populations will be reviewed. Together, the data agree that proper functioning of GABAB receptors is crucial for numerous learning and memory tasks and that targeting this system via pharmaceuticals may benefit several clinical populations.
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Yang EJ, Cai M, Lee JH. Neuroprotective Effects of Electroacupuncture on an Animal Model of Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:7228-7236. [PMID: 26687230 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered as an intermediate zone between normal aging and dementia. The most prominent feature of MCI is an isolated mild decline in memory, whereas other cognitive functions remain intact. The symptoms of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) range from MCI to dementia, and an animal model of VCI has been established in a gerbil by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). In the current study, we set out to investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) could improve memory in gerbils with BCCAO-induced MCI. Animals were randomly divided into two groups: sham-operated group (n = 17) and a model group that was subdivided into BCCAO, n = 17, and EA-treated BCCAO, n = 28. Gerbils were treated with EA at KI3 or GV20 four times every other day using a set of electrical stimulus pulses (1 mA, 2 Hz) that were applied for 20 min. For investigation of cognitive function, we performed a Y-maze test and Western blotting to identify the expression of neuroinflammatory proteins. EA treatment at KI3 ("Taegye" acupoint) improved cognitive function and reduced the expression of neuroinflammatory proteins including ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the hippocampus of gerbils that had undergone BCCAO. Furthermore, using micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography, we demonstrated that EA treatment increased glucose metabolism in the hippocampus of these animals. The present study highlights the neuroprotective effect of EA treatment against BCCAO-induced memory dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and glucose metabolism. Our findings suggest that EA, which has previously been used in complementary and alternative medicine, might also be considered as a therapy that can improve memory and reduce neuroinflammation associated with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Yang
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - MuDan Cai
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
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Chen L, Yao Y, Wei C, Sun Y, Ma X, Zhang R, Xu X, Hao J. T cell immunity to glatiramer acetate ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating the microenvironment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14308. [PMID: 26391515 PMCID: PMC4585746 DOI: 10.1038/srep14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a progressive and highly prevalent disorder. However, in a very large majority of cases, a milieu of cellular and molecular events common for multiple neurodegenerative diseases is involved. Our work focused on whether the immunomodulating effect of glatiramer acetate (GA) could restore normalcy to the microenvironment and ameliorate cognitive decline induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. We assessed cognitive function by rats’ performance in a Morris water maze (MWM), electrophysiological recordings and by pathologic changes. The results suggest that GA reduced cognitive deficits by reestablishing an optimal microenvironment such as increasing expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and modulating the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in the hippocampus. When microenvironmental homeostasis is restored, cholinergic activity becomes involved in ameliorating cellular damage. Since vaccination with GA can boost “protective autoimmunity” in this way, a similar strategy may have therapeutic potential for alleviating VaD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Changjuan Wei
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Center for Basic Medical Science Research, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Spatial learning in men undergoing alcohol detoxification. Physiol Behav 2015; 149:324-30. [PMID: 26143187 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is a major public health problem worldwide. Brain and behavioral disruptions including changes in cognitive abilities are common features of alcohol addiction. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate spatial learning and memory in 29 alcoholic men undergoing alcohol detoxification by using a virtual Morris maze task. As age-matched controls we recruited 29 men among occasional drinkers without history of alcohol dependence and/or alcohol related diseases and with a negative blood alcohol level at the time of testing. We found that the responses to the virtual Morris maze are impaired in men undergoing alcohol detoxification. Notably they showed increased latencies in the first movement during the trials, increased latencies in retrieving the hidden platform and increased latencies in reaching the visible platform. These findings were associated with reduced swimming time in the target quadrant of the pool where the platform had been during the 4 hidden platform trials of the learning phase compared to controls. Such increasing latency responses may suggest motor control, attentional and motivational deficits due to alcohol detoxification.
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Degaspari S, Tzanno-Martins CB, Fujihara CK, Zatz R, Branco-Martins JP, Viel TA, Buck HDS, Orellana AMM, Böhmer AE, de Sá Lima L, Andreotti DZ, Munhoz CD, Scavone C, Kawamoto EM. Altered KLOTHO and NF-κB-TNF-α Signaling Are Correlated with Nephrectomy-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125271. [PMID: 25961830 PMCID: PMC4427267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal insufficiency can have a negative impact on cognitive function. Neuroinflammation and changes in klotho levels associate with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may play a role in the development of cognitive impairment (CI). The present study evaluates the correlation of cognitive deficits with neuroinflammation and soluble KLOTHO in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue of nephrectomized rats (Nx), with 5/6 renal mass ablation. Nx and sham Munich Wistar rats were tested over 4 months for locomotor activity, as well as inhibitory avoidance or novel object recognition, which started 30 days after the surgery. EMSA for Nuclear factor-κB and MILLIPLEXMAP or ELISA kit were used to evaluate cytokines, glucocorticoid and KLOTHO levels. Nx animals that showed a loss in aversive-related memory and attention were included in the CI group (Nx-CI) (n=14) and compared to animals with intact learning (Nx-M n=12 and Sham n=20 groups). CSF and tissue samples were collected 24 hours after the last behavioral test. The results show that the Nx-groups have increased NF-κB binding activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, with these changes more pronounced in the Nx-CI group frontal cortex. In addition, the Nx-CI group showed significantly increased CSF glucocorticoid levels and TNF-α /IL-10 ratio compared to the Sham group. Klotho levels were decreased in Nx-CI frontal cortex but not in hippocampus, when compared to Nx-M and Sham groups. Overall, these results suggest that neuroinflammation mediated by frontal cortex NF-κB, TNF-α and KLOTHO signaling may contribute to Nx-induced CI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Degaspari
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Clarice Kazue Fujihara
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Zatz
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tania Araujo Viel
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hudson de Souza Buck
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01221–020, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Marques Orellana
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Böhmer
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Sá Lima
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diana Zukas Andreotti
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yao G, Yue H, Yun Y, Sang N. Chronic SO2 inhalation above environmental standard impairs neuronal behavior and represses glutamate receptor gene expression and memory-related kinase activation via neuroinflammation in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 137:85-93. [PMID: 25498917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2), as a ubiquitous air pollutant implicated in the genesis of pulmonary disease, is now being considered to be involved in neurotoxicity and increased risk for hospitalization of brain disorders. However, comparatively little is known about the impact of chronically SO2 inhalation on neuronal function. In the present study, by exposing male Wistar rats to SO2 at 3.50 and 7.00 mg/m(3) (approximately 1225 and 2450 ppb, 4.08-8.16 (24h average concentration) times higher than the EPA standard for environmental air concentrations) or filtered air for 90 days, we investigated the impact of chronic SO2 inhalation on performance in Morris water maze, and probed the accompanying neurobiological effects, including activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated gene (Arc) and glutamate receptor gene expression, memory-related kinase level and inflammatory cytokine release in the hippocampus. Here, we found that SO2 exposure reduced the number of target zone crossings and time spent in the target quadrant during the test session in the spatial memory retention of the Morris water maze. Following the neuro-functional abnormality, we detected that SO2 inhalation reduced the expression of Arc and glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1, GluR2, NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) with a concentration-dependent property in comparison to controls. Additionally, the expression of memory kinases was attenuated statistically in the animals receiving the higher concentration, including protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseIIα (CaMKIIα). And the inflammatory cytokine release was increased in rats exposed to SO2. Taken together, our results suggest that long-term exposure to SO2 air pollution at concentrations above the environmental standard in rats impaired spatial learning and memory, and indicate a close link between the neurobiological changes highlighted in the brain and the behavioral disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyi Yao
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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Frühauf PKS, Ineu RP, Tomazi L, Duarte T, Mello CF, Rubin MA. Spermine reverses lipopolysaccharide-induced memory deficit in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:3. [PMID: 25573647 PMCID: PMC4302583 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neuroinflammation and memory deficit. Since polyamines improve memory in various cognitive tasks, we hypothesized that spermine administration reverses LPS-induced memory deficits in an object recognition task in mice. The involvement of the polyamine binding site at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and cytokine production in the promnesic effect of spermine were investigated. Methods Adult male mice were injected with LPS (250 μg/kg, intraperitoneally) and spermine (0.3 to 1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or ifenprodil (0.3 to 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), or both, and their memory function was evaluated using a novel object recognition task. In addition, cortical and hippocampal cytokines levels were measured by ELISA four hours after LPS injection. Results Spermine increased but ifenprodil decreased the recognition index in the novel object recognition task. Spermine, at doses that did not alter memory (0.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), reversed the cognitive impairment induced by LPS. Ifenprodil (0.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) reversed the protective effect of spermine against LPS-induced memory deficits. However, spermine failed to reverse the LPS-induced increase of cortical and hippocampal cytokine levels. Conclusions Spermine protects against LPS-induced memory deficits in mice by a mechanism that involves GluN2B receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmella Karina Santana Frühauf
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Porto Ineu
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Lediane Tomazi
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Duarte
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Fernando Mello
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Maribel Antonello Rubin
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, CEP: 97105900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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40
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de Miranda AS, Brant F, Campos AC, Vieira LB, Rocha NP, Cisalpino D, Binda NS, Rodrigues DH, Ransohoff RM, Machado FS, Rachid MA, Teixeira AL. Evidence for the contribution of adult neurogenesis and hippocampal cell death in experimental cerebral malaria cognitive outcome. Neuroscience 2014; 284:920-933. [PMID: 25451296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a major sign of cerebral malaria (CM). However, the underlying mechanisms of CM cognitive outcome remain poorly understood. A body of evidence suggests that adult neurogenesis may play a role in learning and memory processes. It has also been reported that these phenomena can be regulated by the immune system. We hypothesized that memory dysfunction in CM results from hippocampal neurogenesis impairment mediated by the deregulated immune response during the acute phase of CM. C57Bl/6 mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) strain, using a standardized inoculation of 10(6) parasitized erythrocytes. Long-term working memory was evaluated using the novel object recognition test. The mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin-receptor-kinase (TRK-B) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus was estimated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The protein levels of cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and CCL11 and neurotrophins BDNF and NGF were determined using a cytometric bead array (CBA) kit or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability in the hippocampus was analyzed by Confocal Microscopy. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus was determined through quantification of doublecortin (DCX) positive cells. PbA-infected mice presented working memory impairment on day 5 post-infection. At this same time point, CM mice exhibited a decrease in DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus in parallel with increased cell death and elevated inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and CCL11) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. A significant reduction of BDNF mRNA expression was also found. IL-6 and TNF-α correlated negatively with BDNF and NGF levels in the hippocampus of CM mice. In summary, we provide further evidence that neuroinflammation following PbA-infection influences neurotrophin expression, impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis and increases hippocampal cell death in association with memory impairment following CM course. The current study identified potential mediators of memory impairment in CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S de Miranda
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Immunopharmacology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Neuroscience Branch, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Neuroinflammation Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - F Brant
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Immunopharmacology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A C Campos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Immunopharmacology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - L B Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - N P Rocha
- Immunopharmacology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Neuroscience Branch, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - D Cisalpino
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - N S Binda
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - D H Rodrigues
- Immunopharmacology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Neuroscience Branch, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - R M Ransohoff
- Neuroinflammation Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - F S Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Immunopharmacology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M A Rachid
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A L Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Immunopharmacology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Neuroscience Branch, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Donzis EJ, Tronson NC. Modulation of learning and memory by cytokines: signaling mechanisms and long term consequences. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 115:68-77. [PMID: 25151944 PMCID: PMC4250287 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the role of cytokines and their downstream signaling cascades on the modulation of learning and memory. Immune proteins are required for many key neural processes and dysregulation of these functions by systemic inflammation can result in impairments of memory that persist long after the resolution of inflammation. Recent research has demonstrated that manipulations of individual cytokines can modulate learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. The many conflicting findings, however, have prevented a clear understanding of the precise role of cytokines in memory. Given the complexity of inflammatory signaling, understanding its modulatory role requires a shift in focus from single cytokines to a network of cytokine interactions and elucidation of the cytokine-dependent intracellular signaling cascades. Finally, we propose that whereas signal transduction and transcription may mediate short-term modulation of memory, long-lasting cellular and molecular mechanisms such as epigenetic modifications and altered neurogenesis may be required for the long lasting impact of inflammation on memory and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa J Donzis
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Natalie C Tronson
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Vasconcelos AR, Yshii LM, Viel TA, Buck HS, Mattson MP, Scavone C, Kawamoto EM. Intermittent fasting attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairment. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:85. [PMID: 24886300 PMCID: PMC4041059 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic bacterial infections often result in enduring cognitive impairment and are a risk factor for dementia. There are currently no effective treatments for infection-induced cognitive impairment. Previous studies have shown that intermittent fasting (IF) can increase the resistance of neurons to injury and disease by stimulating adaptive cellular stress responses. However, the impact of IF on the cognitive sequelae of systemic and brain inflammation is unknown. METHODS Rats on IF for 30 days received 1 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline intravenously. Half of the rats were subjected to behavioral tests and the other half were euthanized two hours after LPS administration and the hippocampus was dissected and frozen for analyses. RESULTS Here, we report that IF ameliorates cognitive deficits in a rat model of sepsis by a mechanism involving NF-κB activation, suppression of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhancement of neurotrophic support. Treatment of rats with LPS resulted in deficits in cognitive performance in the Barnes maze and inhibitory avoidance tests, without changing locomotor activity, that were ameliorated in rats that had been maintained on the IF diet. IF also resulted in reduced levels of mRNAs encoding the LPS receptor TLR4 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the hippocampus. Moreover, IF prevented LPS-induced elevation of IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and prevented the LPS-induced reduction of BDNF levels in the hippocampus. IF also significantly attenuated LPS-induced elevations of serum IL-1β, IFN-γ, RANTES, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that IF induces adaptive responses in the brain and periphery that can suppress inflammation and preserve cognitive function in an animal model of systemic bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
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Correa F, Mallard C, Nilsson M, Sandberg M. Dual TNFα-induced effects on NRF2 mediated antioxidant defence in astrocyte-rich cultures: role of protein kinase activation. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:2842-55. [PMID: 22941452 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is a pleiotropic molecule that can have both protective and detrimental effects in neurodegeneration. Here we have investigated the temporal effects of TNFα on the inducible Nrf2 system in astrocyte-rich cultures by determination of glutathione (GSH) levels, γglutamylcysteine ligase (γGCL) activity, the protein levels of Nrf2, Keap1, the catalytic and modulatory subunit of γGCL (γGCL-C and γGCL-M respectively). Astrocyte-rich cultures were exposed for 24 or 72 h to different concentrations of TNFα. Acute exposure (24 h) of astrocyte-rich cultures to 10 ng/mL of TNFα increased GSH, γGCL activity, the protein levels of γGCL-M, γGCL-C and Nrf2 in parallel with decreased levels of Keap1. Antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated transcription was blocked by inhibitors of ERK1/2, JNK and Akt whereas inactivation of p38 and GSK3β further enhanced transcription. In contrast treatment with TNFα for 72 h decreased components of the Nrf2 system in parallel with an increase of Keap1. Stimulation of the Nrf2 system by tBHQ was intact after 24 h but blocked after 72 h treatment with TNFα. This down-regulation after 72 h correlated with activation of p38 MAPK and GSK3β, since inhibition of these signalling pathways reversed this effect. The upregulation of the Nrf2 system by TNFα (24 h treatment) protected the cells from oxidative stress through elevated γGCL activity whereas the down-regulation (72 h treatment) caused pronounced oxidative toxicity. One of the important implications of the results is that in a situation where Nrf2 is decreased, such as in Alzheimer's disease, the effect of TNFα is detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Correa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, PO BOX 420, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Eyre H, Baune BT. Neuroplastic changes in depression: a role for the immune system. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012; 37:1397-416. [PMID: 22525700 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that there is a rich cross-talk between the neuroimmune system and neuroplasticity mechanisms under both physiological conditions and pathophysiological conditions in depression. Anti-neuroplastic changes which occur in depression include a decrease in proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs), decreased survival of neuroblasts and immature neurons, impaired neurocircuitry (cortical-striatal-limbic circuits), reduced levels of neurotrophins, reduced spine density and dendritic retraction. Since both humoral and cellular immune factors have been implicated in neuroplastic processes, in this review we present a model suggesting that neuroplastic processes in depression are mediated through various neuroimmune mechanisms. The review puts forward a model in that both humoral and cellular neuroimmune factors are involved with impairing neuroplasticity under pathophysiological conditions such as depression. Specifically, neuroimmune factors including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, CD4⁺CD25⁺T regulatory cells (T reg), self-specific CD4⁺T cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, microglia and astrocytes are shown to be vital to processes of neuroplasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP), NSC survival, synaptic branching, neurotrophin regulation and neurogenesis. In rodent models of depression, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF are associated with reduced hippocampal neurogenesis; mechanisms which are associated with this include the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/Janus Kinase (JNK) pathway, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1α, JAK-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) pathway, Ras-MAPK, PI-3 kinase, IKK/nuclear factor (NF)-κB and TGFβ activated kinase-1 (TAK-1). Neuroimmunological mechanisms have an active role in the neuroplastic changes associated with depression. Since therapies in depression, including antidepressants (AD), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and physical activity exert neuroplasticity-enhancing effects potentially mediated by neuroimmune mechanisms, the immune system might serve as a promising target for interventions in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris Eyre
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Rao JS, Kim HW, Kellom M, Greenstein D, Chen M, Kraft AD, Harry GJ, Rapoport SI, Basselin M. Increased neuroinflammatory and arachidonic acid cascade markers, and reduced synaptic proteins, in brain of HIV-1 transgenic rats. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:101. [PMID: 21846384 PMCID: PMC3175175 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment has been reported in human immune deficiency virus-1- (HIV-1-) infected patients as well as in HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rats. This impairment has been linked to neuroinflammation, disturbed brain arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, and synapto-dendritic injury. We recently reported upregulated brain AA metabolism in 7- to 9-month-old HIV-1 Tg rats. We hypothesized that these HIV-1 Tg rats also would show upregulated brain inflammatory and AA cascade markers and a deficit of synaptic proteins. Methods We measured protein and mRNA levels of markers of neuroinflammation and the AA cascade, as well as pro-apoptotic factors and synaptic proteins, in brains from 7- to 9-month-old HIV-1 Tg and control rats. Results Compared with control brain, HIV-1 Tg rat brain showed immunoreactivity to glycoprotein 120 and tat HIV-1 viral proteins, and significantly higher protein and mRNA levels of (1) the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α, (2) the activated microglial/macrophage marker CD11b, (3) AA cascade enzymes: AA-selective Ca2+-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-IVA, secretory sPLA2-IIA, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, membrane prostaglandin E2 synthase, 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and 15-LOX, cytochrome p450 epoxygenase, and (4) transcription factor NF-κBp50 DNA binding activity. HIV-1 Tg rat brain also exhibited signs of cell injury, including significantly decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and drebrin, a marker of post-synaptic excitatory dendritic spines. Expression of Ca2+-independent iPLA2-VIA and COX-1 was unchanged. Conclusions HIV-1 Tg rats show elevated brain markers of neuroinflammation and AA metabolism, with a deficit in several synaptic proteins. These changes are associated with viral proteins and may contribute to cognitive impairment. The HIV-1 Tg rat may be a useful model for understanding progression and treatment of cognitive impairment in HIV-1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Sridhara Rao
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Park KM, Bowers WJ. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediated signaling in neuronal homeostasis and dysfunction. Cell Signal 2010; 22:977-83. [PMID: 20096353 PMCID: PMC2860549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory molecule, which upon engagement with its cognate receptors on target cells, triggers downstream signaling cascades that control a number of cellular processes related to cell viability, gene expression, ion homeostasis, and synaptic integrity. In the central nervous system (CNS), TNF-alpha is produced by brain-resident astrocytes, microglia, and neurons in response to numerous intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. This review will summarize the key events that lead to TNF-alpha elaboration in the CNS, and the effects that these inflammatory signals impart on neuronal signaling in the context of homeostasis and neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigan M. Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
- Center for Neural Development and Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
| | - William J. Bowers
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
- Center for Neural Development and Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642 USA
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Chavant F, Deguil J, Pain S, Ingrand I, Milin S, Fauconneau B, Pérault-Pochat MC, Lafay-Chebassier C. Imipramine, in Part through Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibition, Prevents Cognitive Decline and β-Amyloid Accumulation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 332:505-14. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.162164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Hein AM, O'Banion MK. Neuroinflammation and memory: the role of prostaglandins. Mol Neurobiol 2009; 40:15-32. [PMID: 19365736 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-009-8066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a complex response to brain injury involving the activation of glia, release of inflammatory mediators within the brain, and recruitment of peripheral immune cells. Interestingly, memory deficits have been observed following many inflammatory states including infection, traumatic brain injury (TBI), normal aging, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prostaglandins (PGs), a class of lipid mediators which can have inflammatory actions, are upregulated by these inflammatory challenges and can impair memory. In this paper, we critically review the success of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which prevent the formation of PGs, in preventing neuroinflammation-induced memory deficits following lipopolysaccharide injection, TBI, aging, and experimental models of AD in rodents and propose a mechanism by which PGs could disrupt memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Hein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Barnard CJ, Collins SA, Daisley JN, Behnke JM. Immunodepression reduces learning performance in male laboratory mice (Mus musculus). Physiol Behav 2008; 96:362-9. [PMID: 19022271 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several theoretical and empirical studies have suggested that immunocompetence may act as a constraint on learning, due to a trade-off in investment in the two processes. Here we tested whether experimentally depressing immune responsiveness of male BKW mice using antithymocyte serum (ATS) would lead to reduced learning performance in a radial maze task. Correct choices in the maze were indicated by the presence of familiar odours, incorrect choices by unfamiliar odours. We showed that temporarily depressing cellular immunity led to a reduction in performance in terms of a reduced proportion of correct choices. We also found a positive relationship between the proportion of correct entries over the period of testing and haemagglutination titre, indicating that mice showing greater immune responsiveness performed better in the maze. We conclude that depressing the immune system reduces learning performance in a combined odour/spatial learning task, and that some individuals are better able to compensate for the experimental immunodepression. In contrast to previous studies, there was no evidence that the effect of ATS was mediated by associated changes in corticosterone or testosterone secretion. There were no significant effects of the presence of female odour on learning performance, and therefore no evidence that the down regulation of learning in relation to immune depression was influenced by apparent reproductive opportunity.
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Riether C, Doenlen R, Pacheco-Lopez G, Niemi MB, Engler A, Engler H, Schedlowski M. Behavioural Conditioning of Immune Functions: How the Central Nervous System Controls Peripheral Immune Responses by Evoking Associative Learning Processes. Rev Neurosci 2008; 19:1-17. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro.2008.19.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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