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Zahr NM. Alcohol Use Disorder and Dementia: A Review. Alcohol Res 2024; 44:03. [PMID: 38812709 PMCID: PMC11135165 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v44.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE By 2040, 21.6% of Americans will be over age 65, and the population of those older than age 85 is estimated to reach 14.4 million. Although not causative, older age is a risk factor for dementia: every 5 years beyond age 65, the risk doubles; approximately one-third of those older than age 85 are diagnosed with dementia. As current alcohol consumption among older adults is significantly higher compared to previous generations, a pressing question is whether drinking alcohol increases the risk for Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia. SEARCH METHODS Databases explored included PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. To accomplish this narrative review on the effects of alcohol consumption on dementia risk, the literature covered included clinical diagnoses, epidemiology, neuropsychology, postmortem pathology, neuroimaging and other biomarkers, and translational studies. Searches conducted between January 12 and August 1, 2023, included the following terms and combinations: "aging," "alcoholism," "alcohol use disorder (AUD)," "brain," "CNS," "dementia," "Wernicke," "Korsakoff," "Alzheimer," "vascular," "frontotemporal," "Lewy body," "clinical," "diagnosis," "epidemiology," "pathology," "autopsy," "postmortem," "histology," "cognitive," "motor," "neuropsychological," "magnetic resonance," "imaging," "PET," "ligand," "degeneration," "atrophy," "translational," "rodent," "rat," "mouse," "model," "amyloid," "neurofibrillary tangles," "α-synuclein," or "presenilin." When relevant, "species" (i.e., "humans" or "other animals") was selected as an additional filter. Review articles were avoided when possible. SEARCH RESULTS The two terms "alcoholism" and "aging" retrieved about 1,350 papers; adding phrases-for example, "postmortem" or "magnetic resonance"-limited the number to fewer than 100 papers. Using the traditional term, "alcoholism" with "dementia" resulted in 876 citations, but using the currently accepted term "alcohol use disorder (AUD)" with "dementia" produced only 87 papers. Similarly, whereas the terms "Alzheimer's" and "alcoholism" yielded 318 results, "Alzheimer's" and "alcohol use disorder (AUD)" returned only 40 citations. As pertinent postmortem pathology papers were published in the 1950s and recent animal models of Alzheimer's disease were created in the early 2000s, articles referenced span the years 1957 to 2024. In total, more than 5,000 articles were considered; about 400 are herein referenced. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Chronic alcohol misuse accelerates brain aging and contributes to cognitive impairments, including those in the mnemonic domain. The consensus among studies from multiple disciplines, however, is that alcohol misuse can increase the risk for dementia, but not necessarily Alzheimer's disease. Key issues to consider include the reversibility of brain damage following abstinence from chronic alcohol misuse compared to the degenerative and progressive course of Alzheimer's disease, and the characteristic presence of protein inclusions in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease, which are absent in the brains of those with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
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Eva L, Brehar FM, Florian IA, Covache-Busuioc RA, Costin HP, Dumitrascu DI, Bratu BG, Glavan LA, Ciurea AV. Neuropsychiatric and Neuropsychological Aspects of Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders: An In-Depth Review of Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Korsakoff's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6101. [PMID: 37763040 PMCID: PMC10532206 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related cognitive disorders have long been an area of study, yet they continue to pose challenges in the diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of underlying neuropsychiatric mechanisms. The present article offers a comprehensive review of Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Korsakoff's Syndrome, two conditions often seen on a continuum of alcohol-related brain damage. Drawing on current medical literature, neuroimaging studies, and clinical case reports, we explore the neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological profiles, symptomatology, and differential diagnoses of these disorders. We delve into the biochemical pathways implicated in the development of WE and KS, notably thiamine deficiency and its impact on neurotransmitter systems and neural networks. The article also addresses the challenges in early diagnosis, often complicated by non-specific symptoms and co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Furthermore, we review the current state of treatment protocols, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Finally, the article highlights gaps in current knowledge and suggests directions for future research to improve diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes. Understanding the nuanced interplay between the neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological aspects of WE and KS is crucial for both clinicians and researchers alike, in order to provide effective treatment and to advance our understanding of these complex conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Eva
- Faculty of Medicine, Dunarea de Jos University, 800010 Galati, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu”, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Felix-Mircea Brehar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Ioan-Alexandru Florian
- Department of Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Horia Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
| | - David-Ioan Dumitrascu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Luca-Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
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de la Monte SM, Tong M, Delikkaya B. Differential Early Mechanistic Frontal Lobe Responses to Choline Chloride and Soy Isoflavones in an Experimental Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7595. [PMID: 37108779 PMCID: PMC10145811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the most common preventable cause of neurodevelopmental defects, and white matter is a major target of ethanol neurotoxicity. Therapeutic interventions with choline or dietary soy could potentially supplement public health preventive measures. However, since soy contains abundant choline, it would be important to know if its benefits are mediated by choline or isoflavones. We compared early mechanistic responses to choline and the Daidzein+Genistein (D+G) soy isoflavones in an FASD model using frontal lobe tissue to assess oligodendrocyte function and Akt-mTOR signaling. Long Evans rat pups were binge administered 2 g/Kg of ethanol or saline (control) on postnatal days P3 and P5. P7 frontal lobe slice cultures were treated with vehicle (Veh), Choline chloride (Chol; 75 µM), or D+G (1 µM each) for 72 h without further ethanol exposures. The expression levels of myelin oligodendrocyte proteins and stress-related molecules were measured by duplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and mTOR signaling proteins and phosphoproteins were assessed using 11-plex magnetic bead-based ELISAs. Ethanol's main short-term effects in Veh-treated cultures were to increase GFAP and relative PTEN phosphorylation and reduce Akt phosphorylation. Chol and D+G significantly modulated the expression of oligodendrocyte myelin proteins and mediators of insulin/IGF-1-Akt-mTOR signaling in both control and ethanol-exposed cultures. In general, the responses were more robust with D+G; the main exception was that RPS6 phosphorylation was significantly increased by Chol and not D+G. The findings suggest that dietary soy, with the benefits of providing complete nutrition together with Choline, could be used to help optimize neurodevelopment in humans at risk for FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Sun W, Cai B, Rao J, Zhou F. Characterization of cerebrovascular changes in mice treated with alcohol by photoacoustic imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023:e202300038. [PMID: 37078184 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol has complex effects on cerebrovascular health. Monitoring the pathology of alcohol induced cerebrovascular changes in vivo is essential for understanding the mechanism and developing potential treatment strategies. Here, photoacoustic imaging was employed to examine cerebrovascular changes in mice under the treatment of alcohol at different doses. By analyzing the association of cerebrovascular structure, hemodynamics, neuronal function and corresponding behavior, we found that alcohol affected brain function and behavior in a dose-dependent manner. Low dose of alcohol increased cerebrovascular blood volume and activated neurons, without addictive behaviors and cerebrovascular structure changes. With the dose increased, cerebrovascular blood volume gradually decreased, triggering obviously progressive effects on the immune microenvironment, cerebrovascular structure and addictive behavior. These findings will provide further insights into the characterization of the biphasic effects of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Bingdong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Rao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Feifan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Tong M, Ziplow JL, Mark P, de la Monte SM. Dietary Soy Prevents Alcohol-Mediated Neurocognitive Dysfunction and Associated Impairments in Brain Insulin Pathway Signaling in an Adolescent Rat Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:676. [PMID: 35625605 PMCID: PMC9139005 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related brain degeneration is linked to cognitive-motor deficits and impaired signaling through insulin/insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1)-Akt pathways that regulate cell survival, plasticity, metabolism, and homeostasis. In addition, ethanol inhibits Aspartyl-asparaginyl-β-hydroxylase (ASPH), a downstream target of insulin/IGF-1-Akt signaling and an activator of Notch networks. Previous studies have suggested that early treatment with insulin sensitizers or dietary soy could reduce or prevent the long-term adverse effects of chronic ethanol feeding. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess the effects of substituting soy isolate for casein to prevent or reduce ethanol's adverse effects on brain structure and function. METHODS Young adolescent male and female Long Evans were used in a 4-way model as follows: Control + Casein; Ethanol + Casein; Control + Soy; Ethanol + Soy; Control = 0% ethanol; Ethanol = 26% ethanol (caloric). Rats were fed isocaloric diets from 4 to 11 weeks of age. During the final experimental week, the Morris Water maze test was used to assess spatial learning (4 consecutive days), after which the brains were harvested to measure the temporal lobe expression of the total phospho-Akt pathway and downstream target proteins using multiplex bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and duplex ELISAs. RESULTS Ethanol inhibited spatial learning and reduced brain weight, insulin signaling through Akt, and the expression of ASPH when standard casein was provided as the protein source. The substitution of soy isolate for casein largely abrogated the adverse effects of chronic ethanol feeding. In contrast, Notch signaling protein expression was minimally altered by ethanol or soy isolate. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings suggest that the insulin sensitizer properties of soy isolate may prevent some of the adverse effects that chronic ethanol exposure has on neurobehavioral function and insulin-regulated metabolic pathways in adolescent brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02808, USA; (M.T.); (J.L.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Jason L. Ziplow
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02808, USA; (M.T.); (J.L.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Princess Mark
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02808, USA; (M.T.); (J.L.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Neurology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02808, USA
- Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02808, USA
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Homans C, Yalcin EB, Tong M, Gallucci G, Bautista D, Moriel N, de la Monte S. Therapeutic Effects of Myriocin in Experimental Alcohol-Related Neurobehavioral Dysfunction and Frontal Lobe White Matter Biochemical Pathology. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2022; 12:23-42. [PMID: 36815096 PMCID: PMC9942847 DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2022.122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background & Objective Chronic excessive alcohol consumption causes white matter degeneration with myelin loss and impaired neuronal conductivity. Subsequent rarefaction of myelin accounts for the sustained deficits in cognition, learning, and memory. Correspondingly, chronic heavy or repeated binge alcohol exposures in humans and experimental models alter myelin lipid composition leading to build-up of ceramides which can be neurotoxic and broadly inhibitory to brain functions. Methods This study examined the effects of chronic + binge alcohol exposures (8 weeks) and intervention with myriocin, a ceramide inhibitor, on neurobehavioral functions (Open Field, Novel Object Recognition, and Morris Water Maze tests) and frontal lobe white matter myelin lipid biochemical pathology in an adult Long-Evans rat model. Results The ethanol-exposed group had significant deficits in executive functions with increased indices of anxiety and impairments in spatial learning acquisition. Myriocin partially remediated these effects of ethanol while not impacting behavior in the control group. Ethanol-fed rats had significantly smaller brains with broadly reduced expression of sulfatides and reduced expression of two of the three sphingomyelins detected in frontal white matter. Myriocin partially resolved these effects corresponding with improvements in neurobehavioral function. Conclusion Therapeutic strategies that support cerebral white matter myelin expression of sulfatide and sphingomyelin may help remediate cognitive-behavioral dysfunction following chronic heavy alcohol consumption in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Homans
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emine B. Yalcin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gina Gallucci
- Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David Bautista
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Natalia Moriel
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne de la Monte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA,
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Vornholt E, Drake J, Mamdani M, McMichael G, Taylor ZN, Bacanu S, Miles MF, Vladimirov VI. Identifying a novel biological mechanism for alcohol addiction associated with circRNA networks acting as potential miRNA sponges. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13071. [PMID: 34164896 PMCID: PMC8590811 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our lab and others have shown that chronic alcohol use leads to gene and miRNA expression changes across the mesocorticolimbic (MCL) system. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that form closed-loop structures and are reported to alter gene expression through miRNA sequestration, thus providing a potentially novel neurobiological mechanism for the development of alcohol dependence (AD). Genome-wide expression of circRNA was assessed in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) from 32 AD-matched cases/controls. Significant circRNAs (unadj. p ≤ 0.05) were identified via regression and clustered in circRNA networks via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). CircRNA interactions with previously generated mRNA and miRNA were detected via correlation and bioinformatic analyses. Significant circRNAs (N = 542) clustered in nine significant AD modules (FWER p ≤ 0.05), within which we identified 137 circRNA hubs. We detected 23 significant circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions (FDR ≤ 0.10). Among these, circRNA-406742 and miR-1200 significantly interact with the highest number of mRNA, including genes associated with neuronal functioning and alcohol addiction (HRAS, PRKCB, HOMER1, and PCLO). Finally, we integrate genotypic information that revealed 96 significant circRNA expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) (unadj. p ≤ 0.002) that showed significant enrichment within recent alcohol use disorder (AUD) and smoking genome-wide association study (GWAS). To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the role of circRNA in the neuropathology of AD. We show that circRNAs impact mRNA expression by interacting with miRNA in the NAc of AD subjects. More importantly, we provide indirect evidence for the clinical importance of circRNA in the development of AUD by detecting a significant enrichment of our circRNA eQTLs among GWAS of substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vornholt
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral ProgramVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - John Drake
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Mohammed Mamdani
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Gowon McMichael
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Zachary N. Taylor
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Silviu‐Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Michael F. Miles
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- VCU‐Alcohol Research CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of NeurologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Vladimir I. Vladimirov
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of Physiology & BiophysicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- School of PharmacyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Lieber Institute for Brain DevelopmentJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Jain N, Smirnovs M, Strojeva S, Murovska M, Skuja S. Chronic Alcoholism and HHV-6 Infection Synergistically Promote Neuroinflammatory Microglial Phenotypes in the Substantia Nigra of the Adult Human Brain. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091216. [PMID: 34572401 PMCID: PMC8472392 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both chronic alcoholism and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection have been identified as promoters of neuroinflammation and known to cause movement-related disorders. Substantia Nigra (SN), the dopaminergic neuron-rich region of the basal ganglia, is involved in regulating motor function and the reward system. Hence, we hypothesize the presence of possible synergism between alcoholism and HHV-6 infection in the SN region and report a comprehensive quantification and characterization of microglial functions and morphology in postmortem brain tissue from 44 healthy, age-matched alcoholics and chronic alcoholics. A decrease in the perivascular CD68+ microglia in alcoholics was noted in both the gray and white matter. Additionally, the CD68+/Iba1− microglial subpopulation was found to be the dominant type in the controls. Conversely, in alcoholics, dystrophic changes in microglia were seen with a significant increase in Iba1 expression and perivascular to diffuse migration. An increase in CD11b expression was noted in alcoholics, with the Iba1+/CD11b− subtype promoting inflammation. All the controls were found to be negative for HHV-6 whilst the alcoholics demonstrated HHV-6 positivity in both gray and white matter. Amongst HHV-6 positive alcoholics, all the above-mentioned changes were found to be heightened when compared with HHV-6 negative alcoholics, thereby highlighting the compounding relationship between alcoholism and HHV-6 infection that promotes microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Jain
- Joint Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia;
- Correspondence: (N.J.); (S.S.); Tel.: +371-673-204-21 (N.J. & S.S.)
| | - Marks Smirnovs
- Joint Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Samanta Strojeva
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Modra Murovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Sandra Skuja
- Joint Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia;
- Correspondence: (N.J.); (S.S.); Tel.: +371-673-204-21 (N.J. & S.S.)
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Zahr NM, Pohl KM, Kwong AJ, Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A. Preliminary Evidence for a Relationship between Elevated Plasma TNFα and Smaller Subcortical White Matter Volume in HCV Infection Irrespective of HIV or AUD Comorbidity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094953. [PMID: 34067023 PMCID: PMC8124321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical inflammation in response to bacterial, parasitic, or viral infections such as HIV includes local recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Proposed biomarkers of organ integrity in Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) include elevations in peripheral plasma levels of proinflammatory proteins. In testing this proposal, previous work included a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals as positive controls and identified elevations in the soluble proteins TNFα and IP10; these cytokines were only elevated in AUD individuals seropositive for hepatitis C infection (HCV). The current observational, cross-sectional study evaluated whether higher levels of these proinflammatory cytokines would be associated with compromised brain integrity. Soluble protein levels were quantified in 86 healthy controls, 132 individuals with AUD, 54 individuals seropositive for HIV, and 49 individuals with AUD and HIV. Among the patient groups, HCV was present in 24 of the individuals with AUD, 13 individuals with HIV, and 20 of the individuals in the comorbid AUD and HIV group. Soluble protein levels were correlated to regional brain volumes as quantified with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition to higher levels of TNFα and IP10 in the 2 HIV groups and the HCV-seropositive AUD group, this study identified lower levels of IL1β in the 3 patient groups relative to the control group. Only TNFα, however, showed a relationship with brain integrity: in HCV or HIV infection, higher peripheral levels of TNFα correlated with smaller subcortical white matter volume. These preliminary results highlight the privileged status of TNFα on brain integrity in the context of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (K.M.P.); (A.P.)
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-650-859-5243
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (K.M.P.); (A.P.)
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;
| | - Allison J. Kwong
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94350, USA;
| | | | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (K.M.P.); (A.P.)
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;
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The contribution of mamillary body damage to Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 180:455-475. [PMID: 34225949 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological alterations of the mamillary bodies are the most conspicuous and the most consistent neuropathological features of several disorders that occur after severe thiamine deficiency, such as Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome. Moreover, they are among the few abnormalities that are visible to the naked eye in these disorders. With a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1.3%, Wernicke's encephalopathy is by far the most frequent cause of damage to the mamillary bodies in humans. Still, there is a persisting uncertainty with regard to the development and the clinical consequences of this damage, because it is virtually impossible to study in isolation. As a rule, it always occurs alongside neuropathology in other subcortical gray matter structures, notably the medial thalamus. Converging evidence from other pathologies and animal experiments is needed to assess the clinical impact of mamillary body damage and to determine which functions can be attributed to these structures in healthy subjects. In this chapter, we describe the history and the current state of knowledge with regard to thiamine deficiency disorders and the contribution of mamillary body damage to their clinical presentations.
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11
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Vornholt E, Drake J, Mamdani M, McMichael G, Taylor ZN, Bacanu SA, Miles MF, Vladimirov VI. Network preservation reveals shared and unique biological processes associated with chronic alcohol abuse in NAc and PFC. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243857. [PMID: 33332381 PMCID: PMC7745987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse has been linked to the disruption of executive function and allostatic conditioning of reward response dysregulation in the mesocorticolimbic pathway (MCL). Here, we analyzed genome-wide mRNA and miRNA expression from matched cases with alcohol dependence (AD) and controls (n = 35) via gene network analysis to identify unique and shared biological processes dysregulated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). We further investigated potential mRNA/miRNA interactions at the network and individual gene expression levels to identify the neurobiological mechanisms underlying AD in the brain. By using genotyped and imputed SNP data, we identified expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) uncovering potential genetic regulatory elements for gene networks associated with AD. At a Bonferroni corrected p≤0.05, we identified significant mRNA (NAc = 6; PFC = 3) and miRNA (NAc = 3; PFC = 2) AD modules. The gene-set enrichment analyses revealed modules preserved between PFC and NAc to be enriched for immune response processes, whereas genes involved in cellular morphogenesis/localization and cilia-based cell projection were enriched in NAc modules only. At a Bonferroni corrected p≤0.05, we identified significant mRNA/miRNA network module correlations (NAc = 6; PFC = 4), which at an individual transcript level implicated miR-449a/b as potential regulators for cellular morphogenesis/localization in NAc. Finally, we identified eQTLs (NAc: mRNA = 37, miRNA = 9; PFC: mRNA = 17, miRNA = 16) which potentially mediate alcohol's effect in a brain region-specific manner. Our study highlights the neurotoxic effects of chronic alcohol abuse as well as brain region specific molecular changes that may impact the development of alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vornholt
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John Drake
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Mamdani
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gowon McMichael
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Zachary N. Taylor
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Miles
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- VCU-Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Vladimir I. Vladimirov
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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12
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Bordia T, Zahr NM. The Inferior Colliculus in Alcoholism and Beyond. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:606345. [PMID: 33362482 PMCID: PMC7759542 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.606345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-mortem neuropathological and in vivo neuroimaging methods have demonstrated the vulnerability of the inferior colliculus to the sequelae of thiamine deficiency as occurs in Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS). A rich literature in animal models ranging from mice to monkeys-including our neuroimaging studies in rats-has shown involvement of the inferior colliculi in the neural response to thiamine depletion, frequently accomplished with pyrithiamine, an inhibitor of thiamine metabolism. In uncomplicated alcoholism (i.e., absent diagnosable neurological concomitants), the literature citing involvement of the inferior colliculus is scarce, has nearly all been accomplished in preclinical models, and is predominately discussed in the context of ethanol withdrawal. Our recent work using novel, voxel-based analysis of structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has demonstrated significant, persistent shrinkage of the inferior colliculus using acute and chronic ethanol exposure paradigms in two strains of rats. We speculate that these consistent findings should be considered from the perspective of the inferior colliculi having a relatively high CNS metabolic rate. As such, they are especially vulnerable to hypoxic injury and may be provide a common anatomical link among a variety of disparate insults. An argument will be made that the inferior colliculi have functions, possibly related to auditory gating, necessary for awareness of the external environment. Multimodal imaging including diffusion methods to provide more accurate in vivo visualization and quantification of the inferior colliculi may clarify the roles of brain stem nuclei such as the inferior colliculi in alcoholism and other neuropathologies marked by altered metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Bordia
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Natalie M. Zahr
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Pacei F, Tesone A, Laudi N, Laudi E, Cretti A, Pnini S, Varesco F, Colombo C. The Relevance of Thiamine Evaluation in a Practical Setting. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092810. [PMID: 32933220 PMCID: PMC7551939 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine is a crucial cofactor involved in the maintenance of carbohydrate metabolism and participates in multiple cellular metabolic processes. Although thiamine can be obtained from various food sources, some common food groups are deficient in thiamine, and it can be denatured by high temperature and pH. Additionally, different drugs can alter thiamine metabolism. In addition, the half-life of thiamine in the body is between 1 and 3 weeks. All these factors could provide an explanation for the relatively short period needed to develop thiamine deficiency and observe the consequent clinical symptoms. Thiamine deficiency could lead to neurological and cardiological problems. These clinical conditions could be severe or even fatal. Marginal deficiency too may promote weaker symptoms that might be overlooked. Patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal or pancreatic surgery could have or develop thiamine deficiency for many different reasons. To achieve the best outcome for these patients, we strongly recommend the execution of both an adequate preoperative nutritional assessment, which includes thiamine evaluation, and a close nutritional follow up to avoid a nutrient deficit in the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pacei
- ASST Nord Milano, UOC Neurologia, Ospedale Bassini, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonella Tesone
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Nazzareno Laudi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Emanuele Laudi
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Anna Cretti
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Shira Pnini
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Fabio Varesco
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Chiara Colombo
- Lombardy Regional Course for General Practitioner, PoliS-Lombardia, Via Taramelli 12/F, 20100 Milano, Italy;
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14
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Tang K, Wan M, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Yang Q, Chen K, Wang N, Zhang D, Qiu W, Ma C. The top 100 most-cited articles citing human brain banking from 1970 to 2020: a bibliometric analysis. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 21:685-697. [PMID: 32761559 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09849-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many articles involving human brain banks have been published. Bibliometric analysis can determine the history of the development of research and future research trends in a specific field. Three independent researchers retrieved and reviewed articles from the Web of Science database using the following strategy: "TS = (((brain OR cerebral) AND (bank* OR biobank*)) OR brainbank*)." The top 100 most-cited articles were identified and listed in descending order by total citations. Web of Science was used to identify ten recent articles describing bank construction. GeenMedical ( https://www.geenmedical.com/ ) was used to identify ten recent articles from journals with an impact factor (IF) > 20. The top 100 most-cited articles citing human brain banks were published between 1991 and 2017. Fifty-two percent of the articles focused on a specific type of neurodegenerative disease, and 16% discussed the construction and development of human brain banks. Articles using brain tissue had more total and annual citations than those on bank construction. Ten articles with high IFs were published from 2017 to 2019, and they were primarily studies using novel research techniques such RNA sequencing and genome-wide association studies. Most studies were published in journals specializing in neurology or neuroscience such as Movement Disorders (10%), and had been conducted in the United States (52%) by neurologists (62%). The top 100 most-cited articles and recent publications citing human brain banks and their bibliometric characteristics were identified and analyzed, which may serve as a useful reference and pave the way for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyun Tang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Eight-Year MD Program, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Wan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Eight-Year MD Program, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Eight-Year MD Program, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Eight-Year MD Program, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Naili Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Qiu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Joint Laboratory of Anesthesia and Pain, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
Chronic alcohol use induces silent changes in the structure and function of the central and peripheral nervous systems that eventually result in irreversible, debilitating repercussions. Once identified, nutritional supplementation and cessation measures are critical in preventing further neurologic damage. The proposed mechanisms of neuronal injury in chronic alcohol abuse include direct toxic effects of alcohol and indirect effects, including those resulting from hepatic dysfunction, nutritional deficiencies, and neuroinflammation. Clinical manifestations include cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy and Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy. Continued exploration of the pathophysiologic mechanisms may lead to the discovery of early interventions that can prevent permanent neurologic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hammoud
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, 9th Floor, MS: BCM609, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joohi Jimenez-Shahed
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, 9th Floor, MS:BCM609, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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16
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Cookey J, Crocker CE, Bernier D, Newman AJ, Stewart S, McAllindon D, Tibbo PG. Microstructural Findings in White Matter Associated with Cannabis and Alcohol Use in Early-Phase Psychosis: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Relaxometry Study. Brain Connect 2018; 8:567-576. [PMID: 30417651 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that brain white matter (WM) abnormalities may be central to the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. In addition, there is evidence that cannabis use and alcohol use each is associated with WM abnormalities. However, there are very limited data on the effects of these substances on WM microstructure in patients with psychosis, especially for those at the early phase of illness. This project aimed to examine the impact of cannabis use and alcohol use on WM tissue in early-phase psychosis (EPP). WM was investigated in 21 patients with EPP using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and transverse relaxation time of tissue water (T2), with the primary outcomes being mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and T2. DTI analyses were performed at the full-brain level using tract-based spatial statistics with both DTI and T2 analysis done within a WM volume of interest (VOI) implicated in psychosis (containing the left superior longitudinal fasciculus). Our findings revealed that younger age of onset of regular alcohol use (more than one drink per week) was associated with lower FA values in the left thalamic radiation and left parahippocampal and left amygdalar WM. More frequent lifetime cannabis use was correlated with increased mean full-brain FA. There was no significant relationship found between FA and alcohol or cannabis use within the VOI. Relaxometry analysis revealed trend-level evidence of shortened T2 with later onset of regular alcohol use and with more frequent cannabis use. This study provides novel data demonstrating cortical and subcortical WM findings related to alcohol use in EPP and is the first to combine DTI and relaxometry, relating to this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Cookey
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada .,2 Nova Scotia Early Psychosis Program, Nova Scotia Health Authority (Central Zone) , Halifax, Canada
| | - Candice E Crocker
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada .,2 Nova Scotia Early Psychosis Program, Nova Scotia Health Authority (Central Zone) , Halifax, Canada .,3 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nova Scotia Health Authority , Halifax, Canada
| | - Denise Bernier
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada .,2 Nova Scotia Early Psychosis Program, Nova Scotia Health Authority (Central Zone) , Halifax, Canada
| | - Aaron J Newman
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada .,4 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada
| | - Sherry Stewart
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada .,4 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada
| | - David McAllindon
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada .,5 Biomedical Translational Imaging Center , IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Philip G Tibbo
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada .,2 Nova Scotia Early Psychosis Program, Nova Scotia Health Authority (Central Zone) , Halifax, Canada
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17
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Cabrera B, Monroy-Jaramillo N, Fries GR, Mendoza-Morales RC, García-Dolores F, Mendoza-Larios A, Diaz-Otañez C, Walss-Bass C, Glahn DC, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Fresno C, Nicolini H. Brain Gene Expression Pattern of Subjects with Completed Suicide and Comorbid Substance Use Disorder. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2018; 5:60-73. [PMID: 31019919 DOI: 10.1159/000493940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim Although individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) are at high risk of committing suicide, most studies of postmortem gene expression exclude subjects with SUD due to the potential confounding effect of drugs in the transcriptome. Thus, little is known about the gene expression profile in suicides with SUD. The identification of altered biological processes in suicides with SUD is crucial in the comprehension of the interaction between both pathologies. Methods We evaluated the gene expression profile in the dorsolateral prefrontal area of suicides and nonsuicides with and without SUD by microarrays. Results We identified 222 differentially expressed genes, predominately enriched in cell proliferation in the comparison between suicides with and without SUD. When comparing the transcriptome of suicides with SUD to nonsuicides with SUD, we identified 550 differentially expressed genes, mainly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation. Differentially expressed genes (1,417) between suicides and nonsuicides without SUD were detected. Most of them were related to mitochondrial function. Conclusion Interaction between suicide and SUD seems to influence the expression of genes involved in glial proliferation and glutamatergic neurotransmission. These results highlight, for the first time, that suicides with SUD have a gene expression profile distinct from that of subjects with only one of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Cabrera
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.,PECEM, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- Department of Genetics, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Rodrigo Fries
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Colin Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Cristobal Fresno
- Computational Genomics Department, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Sawyer KS, Maleki N, Papadimitriou G, Makris N, Oscar-Berman M, Harris GJ. Cerebral white matter sex dimorphism in alcoholism: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1876-1883. [PMID: 29795404 PMCID: PMC6046037 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with brain aberrations, including abnormalities in frontal and limbic brain regions. In a prior diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) study of neuronal circuitry connecting the frontal lobes and limbic system structures, we demonstrated decreases in white matter fractional anisotropy in abstinent alcoholic men. In the present study, we examined sex differences in alcoholism-related abnormalities of white matter connectivity and their association with alcoholism history. The dMRI scans were acquired from 49 abstinent alcoholic individuals (26 women) and 41 nonalcoholic controls (22 women). Tract-based spatial statistical tools were used to estimate regional FA of white matter tracts and to determine sex differences and their relation to measures of alcoholism history. Sex-related differences in white matter connectivity were observed in association with alcoholism: Compared to nonalcoholic men, alcoholic men had diminished FA in portions of the corpus callosum, the superior longitudinal fasciculi II and III, and the arcuate fasciculus and extreme capsule. In contrast, alcoholic women had higher FA in these regions. Sex differences also were observed for correlations between corpus callosum FA and length of sobriety. Our results suggest that sexual dimorphism in white matter microstructure in abstinent alcoholics may implicate underlying differences in the neurobehavioral liabilities for developing alcohol abuse disorders, or for sequelae following abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayle S Sawyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Sawyer Scientific, LLC, Boston, MA, 02120, USA.
| | - Nasim Maleki
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - George Papadimitriou
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Center for Morphometric Analysis, and Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Center for Morphometric Analysis, and Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Gordon J Harris
- Radiology Computer Aided Diagnostics Laboratory, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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19
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Thalamic Proteome Changes and Behavioral Impairments in Thiamine-deficient Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 385:181-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Rivas-Grajales AM, Sawyer KS, Karmacharya S, Papadimitriou G, Camprodon JA, Harris GJ, Kubicki M, Oscar-Berman M, Makris N. Sexually dimorphic structural abnormalities in major connections of the medial forebrain bundle in alcoholism. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 19:98-105. [PMID: 30035007 PMCID: PMC6051309 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The mesocorticolimbic system is particularly susceptible to the effects of chronic alcoholism. Disruption of this system has been linked to drug seeking and the development of Reward Deficiency Syndrome, a neurobiological framework for describing the development and relapsing patterns of addictions. In this study, we evaluated the association of alcoholism and sex with major connections of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), a prominent mesocorticolimbic fiber pathway connecting the ventral tegmental area with the basal forebrain. Given sex differences in clinical consequences of alcohol consumption, we hypothesized that alcoholic men and women would differ in structural abnormalities of the MFB. Methods Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data were acquired from 30 abstinent long-term alcoholic individuals (ALC; 9 men) and 25 non-alcoholic controls (NC; 8 men). Major connections of the MFB were extracted using multi-tensor tractography. We compared groups on MFB volume, fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD), with hemisphere and sex as independent variables. We also evaluated associations between abnormal structural measures and drinking measures. Results Analyses revealed significant group-by-sex interactions for FA and RD: while ALC men had lower FA and higher RD compared to NC men, ALC women had higher FA and lower RD compared to NC women. We also detected a significant negative association between FA and number of daily drinks in ALC women. Conclusion Alcoholism is associated with sexually dimorphic structural abnormalities in the MFB. The results expand upon other findings of differences in brain reward circuitry of alcoholic men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Rivas-Grajales
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kayle S Sawyer
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Sawyer Scientific, LLC, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarina Karmacharya
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Papadimitriou
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gordon J Harris
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Radiology Computer Aided Diagnostics Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Imaging mass spectrometry of frontal white matter lipid changes in human alcoholics. Alcohol 2018; 67:51-63. [PMID: 29425959 PMCID: PMC5864118 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol use disorders (AUD) are associated with white matter (WM) degeneration with altered myelin integrity. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) enables high throughput analysis of myelin lipid biochemical histopathology to help characterize disease mechanisms. PURPOSE This study utilized MALDI-IMS to investigate frontal lobe WM myelin lipid abnormalities in AUD. METHODS Standardized cores of formalin-fixed WM from Brodmann Area 4 (BA4) and BA8/9 of 20 postmortem AUD and 19 control adult human brains were embedded in carboxymethyl-cellulose, cryo-sectioned (8 μm), thaw-mounted onto indium tin oxide (ITO) -coated glass slides, and sublimed with 2,5-dihydroxybenzxoic acid (DHB) matrix. Lipids were imaged by MALDI-time of flight in the negative ionization mode. Data were visualized with FlexImaging software v4.0 and analyzed with ClinProTools v3.0. RESULTS Principal component analysis (PCA) and data bar plots of MALDI-IMS data differentiated AUD from control WM. The dominant effect of AUD was to broadly reduce expression of sphingolipids (sulfatides and ceramides) and phospholipids. Data bar plots demonstrated overall similar responses to AUD in BA4 and BA8/9. However, differential regional effects of AUD on WM lipid profiles were manifested by non-overlapping expression or discordant responses to AUD for a subset of lipid ions. CONCLUSIONS Human AUD is associated with substantial inhibition of frontal lobe WM lipid expression with regional variability in these effects. MALDI-IMS can be used to characterize the nature of AUD-associated lipid biochemical abnormalities for correlation with lifetime exposures and WM degeneration, altered gene expression, and responses to abstinence or treatment.
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22
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Yalcin EB, McLean T, Tong M, de la Monte SM. Progressive white matter atrophy with altered lipid profiles is partially reversed by short-term abstinence in an experimental model of alcohol-related neurodegeneration. Alcohol 2017; 65:51-62. [PMID: 29084630 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol exposure causes white matter (WM) atrophy and degeneration with major impairments in the structural integrity of myelin. Since myelin is composed of oligodendrocyte lipid-rich membranes, understanding the consequences and reversibility of alcohol-related oligodendrocyte dysfunction in relation to myelin structure could provide new insights into the pathogenesis of WM degeneration and potential strategies for treatment. Adult male Long Evans rats were pair-fed with isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 26% ethanol (caloric) for 3 or 8 weeks. During the last 2 weeks of feeding, the ethanol groups were binged with 2 g/kg of ethanol by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays; controls were treated with i.p. saline. For recovery effects, at the 6-week time point, ethanol exposures were tapered over 2 days, and then discontinued, rendering the rats ethanol-free for 12 days. Anterior corpus callosum WM lipid ion profiles were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) and correlated with histopathology. Ethanol exposures caused progressive atrophy and reductions in myelin staining intensity within the corpus callosum, whereas short-term recovery partially reversed those effects. MALDI-IMS demonstrated striking ethanol-associated alterations in WM lipid profiles characterized by reduced levels of phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and sulfatides, and partial "normalization" of lipid expression with recovery. Ethanol exposure duration and recovery responses were further distinguished by heatmap hierarchical dendrogram and PCA plots. In conclusion, chronic+binge ethanol exposures caused progressive, partially reversible WM atrophy with myelin loss associated with reduced expression of WM phospholipids and sulfatides. The extent of WM lipid abnormalities suggests that ethanol broadly impairs molecular and biochemical functions regulating myelin synthesis, degradation, and maintenance in oligodendrocytes.
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23
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Tong M, Gonzalez-Navarrete H, Kirchberg T, Gotama B, Yalcin EB, Kay J, de la Monte SM. Ethanol-Induced White Matter Atrophy Is Associated with Impaired Expression of Aspartyl-Asparaginyl- β-Hydroxylase (ASPH) and Notch Signaling in an Experimental Rat Model. JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2017; 6:236033. [PMID: 29204305 PMCID: PMC5711436 DOI: 10.4303/jdar/236033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced white matter (WM) degeneration is linked to cognitive-motor deficits and impairs insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Notch networks regulating oligodendrocyte function. Ethanol downregulates Aspartyl-Asparaginyl-β-Hydroxylase (ASPH) which drives Notch. These experiments determined if alcohol-related WM degeneration was linked to inhibition of ASPH and Notch. Adult Long Evans rats were fed for 3, 6 or 8 weeks with liquid diets containing 26% ethanol (caloric) and in the last two weeks prior to each endpoint they were binged with 2 g/kg ethanol, 3×/week. Controls were studied in parallel. Histological sections of the frontal lobe and cerebellar vermis were used for image analysis. Frontal WM proteins were used for Western blotting and duplex ELISAs. The ethanol exposures caused progressive reductions in frontal and cerebellar WM. Ethanol-mediated frontal WM atrophy was associated with reduced expression of ASPH, Jagged 1, HES-1, and HIF-1α. These findings link ethanol-induced WM atrophy to inhibition of ASPH expression and signaling through Notch networks, including HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | | | - Billy Gotama
- Molecular Pharmacology and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Emine B. Yalcin
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jared Kay
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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24
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Seitz J, Sawyer KS, Papadimitriou G, Oscar-Berman M, Ng I, Kubicki A, Mouradian P, Ruiz SM, Kubicki M, Harris GJ, Makris N. Alcoholism and sexual dimorphism in the middle longitudinal fascicle: a pilot study. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 11:1006-1017. [PMID: 27448160 PMCID: PMC5253343 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism can lead to a complex mixture of cognitive and emotional deficits associated with abnormalities in fronto-cortico-striatal-limbic brain circuitries. Given the broad variety of neurobehavioral symptoms, one would also expect alterations of postrolandic neocortical systems. Thus, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study the integrity of the middle longitudinal fascicle (MdLF), a major postrolandic association white matter tract that extends from the superior temporal gyrus to the parietal and occipital lobes, in individuals with a history of chronic alcohol abuse. DTI data were acquired on a 3 Tesla scanner in 30 abstinent alcoholics (AL; 9 men) and 25 nonalcoholic controls (NC; 8 men). The MdLF was determined using DTI-based tractography. Volume of the tract, fractional anisotropy (FA), radial (RD), and axial (AD) diffusivity, were compared between AL and NC, with sex and hemispheric laterality as independent variables. The association of DTI measures with neuropsychological performance was evaluated. Men showed bilateral reduction of MdLF volume and abnormal diffusion measurements of the left MdLF. Analyses also indicated that the left MdLF diffusion measurements in AL men were negatively associated with Verbal IQ and verbal fluency test scores. Abstinent alcoholic men display macrostructural abnormalities in the MdLF bilaterally, indicating an overall white matter deficit. Additionally, microstructural deficits of the left MdLF suggest more specific alterations associated with verbal skills in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Seitz
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kayle S Sawyer
- Behavioral Neuroscience and Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - George Papadimitriou
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Behavioral Neuroscience and Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Isaac Ng
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Antoni Kubicki
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Palig Mouradian
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Susan M Ruiz
- Behavioral Neuroscience and Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gordon J Harris
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Radiology Computer Aided Diagnostics Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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Karelina K, Gaier KR, Prabhu M, Wenger V, Corrigan TED, Weil ZM. Binge ethanol in adulthood exacerbates negative outcomes following juvenile traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 60:304-311. [PMID: 27845195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are a major public health problem with enormous costs in terms of health care dollars, lost productivity, and reduced quality of life. Alcohol is bidirectionally linked to TBI as many TBI patients are intoxicated at the time of their injury and we recently reported that, in accordance with human epidemiological data, animals injured during juvenile development self-administered significantly more alcohol as adults than did sham injured mice. There are also clinical data that drinking after TBI significantly reduces the efficacy of rehabilitation and leads to poorer long-term outcomes. In order to determine whether juvenile traumatic brain injury also increased the vulnerability of the brain to the toxic effects of high dose alcohol, mice were injured at 21days of age and then seven weeks later treated daily with binge-like levels of alcohol 5g/kg (by oral gavage) for ten days. Binge-like alcohol produced a greater degree of neuronal damage and neuroinflammation in mice that sustained a TBI. Further, mice that sustained a juvenile TBI exhibited mild learning and memory impairments in adulthood following binge alcohol and express a significant increase in hippocampal ectopic localization of newborn neurons. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence that a mild brain injury occurring early in life renders the brain highly vulnerable to the consequences of binge-like alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristopher R Gaier
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maya Prabhu
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vanessa Wenger
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Timothy E D Corrigan
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zachary M Weil
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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26
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Juhás M, Sun H, Brown MRG, MacKay MB, Mann KF, Sommer WH, Wilman AH, Dursun SM, Greenshaw AJ. Deep grey matter iron accumulation in alcohol use disorder. Neuroimage 2017; 148:115-122. [PMID: 28065850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate brain iron accumulation in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients compared to controls using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). METHODS QSM was performed retrospectively by using phase images from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 20 male AUD patients and 15 matched healthy controls were examined. Susceptibility values were manually traced in deep grey matter regions including caudate nucleus, combined putamen and globus pallidus, combined substantia nigra and red nucleus, dentate nucleus, and a reference white matter region in the internal capsule. Average susceptibility values from each region were compared between the patients and controls. The relationship between age and susceptibility was also explored. RESULTS The AUD group exhibited increased susceptibility in caudate nucleus (+8.5%, p=0.034), combined putamen and globus pallidus (+10.8%, p=0.006), and dentate nucleus (+14.9%, p=0.022). Susceptibility increased with age in two of the four measured regions - combined putamen and globus pallidus (p=0.013) and combined substantia nigra and red nucleus (p=0.041). AUD did not significantly modulate the rate of susceptibility increase with age in our data. CONCLUSION Retrospective QSM computed from standard fMRI datasets provides new opportunities for brain iron studies in psychiatry. Substantially elevated brain iron was found in AUD subjects in the basal ganglia and dentate nucleus. This was the first human AUD brain iron study and the first retrospective clinical fMRI QSM study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Juhás
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Hongfu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew R G Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marnie B MacKay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karl F Mann
- Department of Addictive Behaviour & Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Department of Addictive Behaviour & Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alan H Wilman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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27
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Abstract
In this review, we present a survey on Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), a residual syndrome in patients who suffered from a Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) that is predominantly characterized by global amnesia, and in more severe cases also by cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. We describe the history of KS and its definition, its epidemiology, and the lack of consensus criteria for its diagnosis. The cognitive and behavioral symptoms of KS, which include anterograde and retrograde amnesia, executive dysfunction, confabulation, apathy, as well as affective and social-cognitive impairments, are discussed. Moreover, recent insights into the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms of these symptoms are presented. In addition, the evidence so far on the etiology of KS is examined, highlighting the role of thiamine and alcohol and discussing the continuity hypothesis. Furthermore, the neuropathology of KS is reviewed, focusing on abnormalities in the diencephalon, including the mammillary bodies and thalamic nuclei. Pharmacological treatment options and nonpharmacological interventions, such as those based on cognitive rehabilitation, are discussed. Our review shows that thiamine deficiency (TD) is a crucial factor in the etiology of KS. Although alcohol abuse is by far the most important context in which TD occurs, there is no convincing evidence for an essential contribution of ethanol neurotoxicity (EN) to the development of WE or to the progression of WE to KS. Future research on the postmortem histopathological analysis of brain tissues of KS patients is crucial for the advancement of our knowledge of KS, especially for associating its symptoms with lesions in various thalamic nuclei. A necessary requirement for the advancement of studies on KS is the broad acceptance of a comprehensive definition and definite diagnostic criteria. Therefore, in this review, we propose such a definition of KS and draft outlines for prospective diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas Jm Arts
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray.,Neuropsychiatry Center Thalamus, Institution for Integrated Mental Health Care Pro Persona, Wolfheze
| | - Serge Jw Walvoort
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray
| | - Roy Pc Kessels
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray.,Department of Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation Psychology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University.,Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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28
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Pelição R, Santos MC, Freitas-Lima LC, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC, Nakamura-Palacios EM, Rodrigues LCM. URB597 inhibits oxidative stress induced by alcohol binging in the prefrontal cortex of adolescent rats. Neurosci Lett 2016; 624:17-22. [PMID: 27150075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heavy episodic drinking (binging), which is highly prevalent among teenagers, results in oxidative damage. Because the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is not completely mature in adolescents, this brain region may be more vulnerable to the effects of alcohol during adolescence. As endocannabinoids may protect the immature PFC from the harmful effects of high doses of alcohol, this study investigated the effect of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 on oxidative stress induced by acute or chronic binge alcohol intake in adolescent rats. At 40min after intraperitoneal pre-treatment with URB597 (0.3mg/kg) or vehicle (Veh), ethanol (EtOH; 3 or 6g/kg, intragastrically) or distilled water (DW) was administered in 3 consecutive sessions (acute binging) or 3 consecutive sessions over 4 weeks (chronic binging). Oxidative stress in PFC slices in situ was measured by dihydroethidium fluorescence staining. At the higher EtOH dose (6g/kg), pre-treatment with URB597 significantly reduced (p<0.01) the production of superoxide anions in the PFC after acute (42.8% decrease) and chronic binge EtOH consumption (44.9% decrease) compared with pre-treatment with Veh. As URB597 decreases anandamide metabolism, this evidence shows an antioxidant effect of endocannabinoids to suppress acute and chronic binge alcohol intake-induced oxidative stress in the PFC of adolescent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Pelição
- Department of Physiological Sciences, CCS/UFES, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Matheus C Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, CCS/UFES, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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29
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Weil ZM, Corrigan JD, Karelina K. Alcohol abuse after traumatic brain injury: Experimental and clinical evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 62:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Donoghue K, Rose A, Coulton S, Milward J, Reed K, Drummond C, Little H. Double-blind, 12 month follow-up, placebo-controlled trial of mifepristone on cognition in alcoholics: the MIFCOG trial protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:40. [PMID: 26912003 PMCID: PMC4765152 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased levels of cortisol during acute alcohol withdrawal have been linked to cognitive deficits and depression. Preclinical research found that the glucocorticoid Type II receptor antagonist, mifepristone, prevented some of the neurotoxic effects of withdrawal and memory loss. Clinical trials have shown mifepristone effective in the treatment of depression. This study aims to examine the extent to which the glucocorticoid Type II receptor antagonist, mifepristone, when given to alcohol dependent males during the acute phase of alcohol withdrawal, will protect against the subsequent memory loss and depressive symptoms during abstinence from alcohol. METHODS/DESIGN The study is a Phase 4 therapeutic use, "Proof of Concept" trial. The trial is a double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial of mifepristone versus inactive placebo. The trial aims to recruit 120 participants referred for an inpatient alcohol detoxification from community alcohol teams, who meet the inclusion criteria; 1) Male, 2) Aged 18-60 inclusive, 3) alcohol dependent for 5 or more years. A screening appointment will take place prior to admission to inpatient alcohol treatment units to ensure that the individual is suitable for inclusion in the trial in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. On admission participants are randomised to receive 600 mg a day of mifepristone (200 mg morning, afternoon and evening) for 7 days and 400 mg for the subsequent 7 days (200 mg morning and evening) or the equivalent number of placebo tablets for 14 days. Participants will remain in the trial for 4 weeks (at least 2 weeks as an inpatient) and will be followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months post randomisation. Primary outcome measures are cognitive function at week 3 and 4 after cessation of drinking and symptoms of depression over the 4 weeks after cession of drinking, measured using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated battery and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Secondary outcome measures are severity of the acute phase of alcohol withdrawal, alcohol craving, symptoms of protracted withdrawal and maintenance of abstinence and levels of relapse drinking at follow-up. DISCUSSION The current trial will provide evidence concerning the role of glucocorticoid Type II receptor activation in cognitive function and depression during acute alcohol withdrawal and the efficacy of treatment with mifepristone. ISRCTN ISRCTN54001953, Registered 29th September 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Donoghue
- Addictions Department, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London, SE5 8BB, UK.
| | - Abigail Rose
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 2.32, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
| | - Simon Coulton
- Centre for Health Service Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NF, UK.
| | - Joanna Milward
- Addictions Department, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London, SE5 8BB, UK.
| | - Kylie Reed
- Addictions Department, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London, SE5 8BB, UK.
| | - Colin Drummond
- Addictions Department, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London, SE5 8BB, UK.
| | - Hilary Little
- Addictions Department, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London, SE5 8BB, UK.
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31
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Yu R, Deochand C, Krotow A, Leão R, Tong M, Agarwal AR, Cadenas E, de la Monte SM. Tobacco Smoke-Induced Brain White Matter Myelin Dysfunction: Potential Co-Factor Role of Smoking in Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:133-48. [PMID: 26639972 PMCID: PMC5577392 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analysis studies showed that smokers have increased risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with non-smokers, and neuroimaging studies revealed that smoking damages white matter structural integrity. OBJECTIVE The present study characterizes the effects of side-stream (second hand) cigarette smoke (CS) exposures on the expression of genes that regulate oligodendrocyte myelin-synthesis, maturation, and maintenance and neuroglial functions. METHODS Adult male A/J mice were exposed to air (8 weeks; A8), CS (4 or 8 weeks; CS4, CS8), or CS8 followed by 2 weeks recovery (CS8 + R). The frontal lobes were used for histology and qRT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Luxol fast blue, Hematoxylin and Eosin stained histological sections revealed CS-associated reductions in myelin staining intensity and narrowing of the corpus callosum. CS exposures broadly decreased mRNA levels of immature and mature oligodendrocyte myelin-associated, neuroglial, and oligodendrocyte-related transcription factors. These effects were more prominent in the CS8 compared with CS4 group, suggesting that molecular abnormalities linked to white matter atrophy and myelin loss worsen with duration of CS exposure. Recovery normalized or upregulated less than 25% of the suppressed genes; in most cases, inhibition of gene expression was either sustained or exacerbated. CONCLUSION CS exposures broadly inhibit expression of genes needed for myelin synthesis and maintenance. These adverse effects often were not reversed by short-term CS withdrawal. The results support the hypothesis that smoking contributes to white matter degeneration, and therefore could be a key risk factor for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Yu
- Liver Research Center, Divisions of Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Gastroenterology and Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chetram Deochand
- Liver Research Center, Divisions of Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Gastroenterology and Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology Graduate Program at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alexander Krotow
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology Graduate Program at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Raiane Leão
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Divisions of Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Gastroenterology and Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amit R. Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Divisions of Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Gastroenterology and Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Neuropathology, and Departments of Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Godfrey J, Jeanguenin L, Castro N, Olney JJ, Dudley J, Pipkin J, Walls SM, Wang W, Herr DR, Harris GL, Brasser SM. Chronic Voluntary Ethanol Consumption Induces Favorable Ceramide Profiles in Selectively Bred Alcohol-Preferring (P) Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139012. [PMID: 26405804 PMCID: PMC4583526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy alcohol consumption has detrimental neurologic effects, inducing widespread neuronal loss in both fetuses and adults. One proposed mechanism of ethanol-induced cell loss with sufficient exposure is an elevation in concentrations of bioactive lipids that mediate apoptosis, including the membrane sphingolipid metabolites ceramide and sphingosine. While these naturally-occurring lipids serve as important modulators of normal neuronal development, elevated levels resulting from various extracellular insults have been implicated in pathological apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes in several neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Prior work has shown that acute administration of ethanol to developing mice increases levels of ceramide in multiple brain regions, hypothesized to be a mediator of fetal alcohol-induced neuronal loss. Elevated ceramide levels have also been implicated in ethanol-mediated neurodegeneration in adult animals and humans. Here, we determined the effect of chronic voluntary ethanol consumption on lipid profiles in brain and peripheral tissues from adult alcohol-preferring (P) rats to further examine alterations in lipid composition as a potential contributor to ethanol-induced cellular damage. P rats were exposed for 13 weeks to a 20% ethanol intermittent-access drinking paradigm (45 ethanol sessions total) or were given access only to water (control). Following the final session, tissues were collected for subsequent chromatographic analysis of lipid content and enzymatic gene expression. Contrary to expectations, ethanol-exposed rats displayed substantial reductions in concentrations of ceramides in forebrain and heart relative to non-exposed controls, and modest but significant decreases in liver cholesterol. qRT-PCR analysis showed a reduction in the expression of sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase (Degs2), an enzyme involved in de novo ceramide synthesis. These findings indicate that ethanol intake levels achieved by alcohol-preferring P rats as a result of chronic voluntary exposure may have favorable vs. detrimental effects on lipid profiles in this genetic line, consistent with data supporting beneficial cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects of moderate ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Godfrey
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Jeanguenin
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Norma Castro
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Olney
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Dudley
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Pipkin
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Stanley M. Walls
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Greg L. Harris
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMB); (GLH)
| | - Susan M. Brasser
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMB); (GLH)
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Tong M, Yu R, Silbermann E, Zabala V, Deochand C, de la Monte SM. Differential Contributions of Alcohol and Nicotine-Derived Nitrosamine Ketone (NNK) to White Matter Pathology in the Adolescent Rat Brain. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 50:680-9. [PMID: 26373813 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated high rates of smoking among alcoholics, and neuroimaging studies have detected white matter atrophy and degeneration in both smokers and individuals with alcohol-related brain disease (ARBD). These findings suggest that tobacco smoke exposure may be a co-factor in ARBD. The present study examines the differential and additive effects of tobacco-specific nitrosamine (NNK) and ethanol exposures on the structural and functional integrity of white matter in an experimental model. METHODS Adolescent Long Evans rats were fed liquid diets containing 0 or 26% ethanol for 8 weeks. In weeks 3-8, rats were treated with nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) (2 mg/kg, 3×/week) or saline by i.p. injection. In weeks 7-8, the ethanol group was binge-administered ethanol (2 g/kg; 3×/week). RESULTS Ethanol, NNK and ethanol + NNK caused striking degenerative abnormalities in white matter myelin and axons, with accompanying reductions in myelin-associated glycoprotein expression. Quantitative RT-PCR targeted array and heatmap analyses demonstrated that ethanol modestly increased, whereas ethanol + NNK sharply increased expression of immature and mature oligodendroglial genes, and that NNK increased immature but inhibited mature oligodendroglial genes. In addition, NNK modulated expression of neuroglial genes in favor of growth cone collapse and synaptic disconnection. Ethanol- and NNK-associated increases in FOXO1, FOXO4 and NKX2-2 transcription factor gene expression could reflect compensatory responses to brain insulin resistance in this model. CONCLUSION Alcohol and tobacco exposures promote ARBD by impairing myelin synthesis, maturation and integrity via distinct but overlapping mechanisms. Public health measures to reduce ARBD should target both alcohol and tobacco abuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and the Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rosa Yu
- Departments of Pathology and Neurology, and the Division of Neuropathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Valerie Zabala
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chetram Deochand
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and the Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA Departments of Pathology and Neurology, and the Division of Neuropathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Segobin S, Ritz L, Lannuzel C, Boudehent C, Vabret F, Eustache F, Beaunieux H, Pitel A. Integrity of white matter microstructure in alcoholics with and without Korsakoff's syndrome. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2795-808. [PMID: 25873017 PMCID: PMC6869167 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dependence results in two different clinical forms: "uncomplicated" alcoholism (UA) and Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). Certain brain networks are especially affected in UA and KS: the frontocerebellar circuit (FCC) and the Papez circuit (PC). Our aims were (1) to describe the profile of white matter (WM) microstructure in FCC and PC in the two clinical forms, (2) to identify those UA patients at risk of developing KS using their WM microstructural integrity as a biomarker. Tract-based spatial statistics and nonparametric voxel-based permutation tests were used to compare diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in 7 KS, 20 UA, and 14 healthy controls. The two patient groups were also pooled together and compared to controls. k-means classifications were then performed on mean fractional anisotropy values of significant clusters across all subjects for two fiber tracts from the FCC (the middle cerebellar peduncle and superior cerebellar peduncle) and two tracts from the PC (fornix and cingulum). We found graded effects of WM microstructural abnormalities in the PC of UA and KS. UA patients classified at risk of developing KS using fiber tracts of the PC from DTI data also had the lowest scores of episodic memory. That finding suggests that WM microstructure could be used as a biomarker for early detection of UA patients at risk of developing KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Segobin
- INSERMCaenFrance
- Université De Caen Basse‐NormandieCaenFrance
- Ecole Pratique Des Hautes EtudesCaenFrance
- Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireCaenFrance
| | - Ludivine Ritz
- INSERMCaenFrance
- Université De Caen Basse‐NormandieCaenFrance
- Ecole Pratique Des Hautes EtudesCaenFrance
- Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireCaenFrance
| | - Coralie Lannuzel
- INSERMCaenFrance
- Université De Caen Basse‐NormandieCaenFrance
- Ecole Pratique Des Hautes EtudesCaenFrance
- Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireCaenFrance
| | - Céline Boudehent
- INSERMCaenFrance
- Université De Caen Basse‐NormandieCaenFrance
- Ecole Pratique Des Hautes EtudesCaenFrance
- Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireCaenFrance
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Service D'addictologieCaenFrance
| | - François Vabret
- INSERMCaenFrance
- Université De Caen Basse‐NormandieCaenFrance
- Ecole Pratique Des Hautes EtudesCaenFrance
- Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireCaenFrance
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Service D'addictologieCaenFrance
| | - Francis Eustache
- INSERMCaenFrance
- Université De Caen Basse‐NormandieCaenFrance
- Ecole Pratique Des Hautes EtudesCaenFrance
- Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireCaenFrance
| | - Hélène Beaunieux
- INSERMCaenFrance
- Université De Caen Basse‐NormandieCaenFrance
- Ecole Pratique Des Hautes EtudesCaenFrance
- Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireCaenFrance
| | - Anne‐Lise Pitel
- INSERMCaenFrance
- Université De Caen Basse‐NormandieCaenFrance
- Ecole Pratique Des Hautes EtudesCaenFrance
- Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireCaenFrance
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Le Berre AP, Pitel AL, Chanraud S, Beaunieux H, Eustache F, Martinot JL, Reynaud M, Martelli C, Rohlfing T, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. Sensitive biomarkers of alcoholism's effect on brain macrostructure: similarities and differences between France and the United States. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:354. [PMID: 26157376 PMCID: PMC4477159 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption patterns and recognition of health outcomes related to hazardous drinking vary widely internationally, raising the question whether these national differences are reflected in brain damage observed in alcoholism. This retrospective analysis assessed variability of alcoholism's effects on brain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and white matter volumes between France and the United States (U.S.). MRI data from two French sites (Caen and Orsay) and a U.S. laboratory (SRI/Stanford University) were acquired on 1.5T imaging systems in 287 controls, 165 uncomplicated alcoholics (ALC), and 26 alcoholics with Korsakoff's Syndrome (KS). All data were analyzed at the U.S. site using atlas-based parcellation. Results revealed graded CSF volume enlargement from ALC to KS and white matter volume deficits in KS only. In ALC from France but not the U.S., CSF and white matter volumes correlated with lifetime alcohol consumption, alcoholism duration, and length of sobriety. MRI highlighted CSF volume enlargement in both ALC and KS, serving as a basis for an ex vacuo process to explain correlated gray matter shrinkage. By contrast, MRI provided a sensitive in vivo biomarker of white matter volume shrinkage in KS only, suggesting a specific process sensitive to mechanisms contributing to Wernicke's encephalopathy, the precursor of KS. Identified structural brain abnormalities may provide biomarkers underlying alcoholism's heterogeneity in and among nations and suggest a substrate of gray matter tissue shrinkage. Proposed are hypotheses for national differences in interpreting whether the severity of sequelae observe a graded phenomenon or a continuum from uncomplicated alcoholism to alcoholism complicated by KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Pascale Le Berre
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA, USA
- INSERM, EPHE, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Unité U1077, GIP Cyceron, CHU de CaenCaen, France
| | - Anne-Lise Pitel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA, USA
- INSERM, EPHE, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Unité U1077, GIP Cyceron, CHU de CaenCaen, France
| | - Sandra Chanraud
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA, USA
- EPHEBordeaux, France
- INCIA, UMR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5287, Université BordeauxBordeaux, France
- Neuroscience Program, SRI InternationalMenlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Hélène Beaunieux
- INSERM, EPHE, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Unité U1077, GIP Cyceron, CHU de CaenCaen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- INSERM, EPHE, Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Unité U1077, GIP Cyceron, CHU de CaenCaen, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM Research Unit 1000, Université Paris-Sud et Université Paris Descartes, SHFJ, I2BMOrsay, France
| | - Michel Reynaud
- INSERM, UMR 669Villejuif, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, APHP, Paul Brousse HospitalVillejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud 11Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Catherine Martelli
- INSERM, UMR 669Villejuif, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, APHP, Paul Brousse HospitalVillejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud 11Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, SRI InternationalMenlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA, USA
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36
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Martinez M, Sauce R, Oliveira SA, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Stefanini MA, Lizarte Neto FS, Takase LF, Tirapelli LF, Martinez FE. Ethanol intake-induced apoptosis in glial cells and axonal disorders in the cerebellar white matter of UChA rats (voluntary ethanol consumers). Tissue Cell 2015; 47:389-94. [PMID: 26072102 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol intake may cause alterations in cellular metabolism altering motricity, learning and cognition. The cerebellum is one of the most susceptible organs to ethanol-related disorders during development, and is associated with oxidative stress-induced apoptosis being crucial for pathogenic consequences. The UChA variety is a special strain of Wistar rat genetically selected and represents a rare model for the studies related to genetic, biochemical, physiological, nutritional, and pharmacological effects of ethanol. We evaluated the structure and apoptosis in the cerebellar white matter of UChA rats. There were two groups of 09 rats: a control group that did not consume ethanol, and an experimental group of UChA rats that consumed ethanol at 10% (v/v) (<2 g ethanol/kg body weight/day). At 120 days old, rats were anaesthetized followed by decapitation, and their cerebella were collected and fixed. Cerebellar sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry for Caspase-3 and XIAP and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The UChA group showed more glial cells immunoreactive for caspase-3 and less for XIAP than control group. Alcohol consumption affected myelin integrity. Severe ultrastructural damages in UChA group were observed such as disruption of the myelin sheath, disorganization and deformation of its components, and an increase in the interaxonal spaces. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that ethanol induced apoptosis in the glial cells and promoted an intense change in the myelin sheath of UChA rats, which may cause functional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Martinez
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Sauce
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Daulatzai MA. “Boomerang Neuropathology” of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease is Shrouded in Harmful “BDDS”: Breathing, Diet, Drinking, and Sleep During Aging. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:55-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sullivan EV, Zahr NM, Rohlfing T, Pfefferbaum A. Cognitive demands during quiet standing elicit truncal tremor in two frequency bands: differential relations to tissue integrity of corticospinal tracts and cortical targets. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:175. [PMID: 25904858 PMCID: PMC4387934 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to stand quietly is disturbed by degradation of cerebellar systems. Given the complexity of sensorimotor integration invoked to maintain upright posture, the integrity of supratentorial brain structures may also contribute to quiet standing and consequently be vulnerable to interference from cognitive challenges. As cerebellar system disruption is a common concomitant of alcoholism, we examined 46 alcoholics and 43 controls with a force platform to derive physiological indices of quiet standing during cognitive (solving simple, mental arithmetic problems) and visual (eyes closed) challenges. Also tested were relations between tremor velocity and regional gray matter and white matter tissue quality measured with the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metric of mean diffusivity (MD), indexing disorganized microstructure. Spectral analysis of sway revealed greater tremor in alcoholic men than alcoholic women or controls. Cognitive dual-tasking elicited excessive tremor in two frequency bands, each related to DTI signs of degradation in separate brain systems: tremor velocity at a low frequency (2–5 Hz/0–2 Hz) correlated with higher MD in the cerebellar hemispheres and superior cingulate bundles, whereas tremor velocity at a higher frequency (5–7 Hz) correlated with higher MD in the motor cortex and internal capsule. These brain sites may represent “tremorgenic networks” that, when disturbed by disease and exacerbated by cognitive dual-tasking, contribute to postural instability, putting affected individuals at heightened risk for falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith V Sullivan
- Alcohol Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalie M Zahr
- Alcohol Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA ; Neuroscience Program, SRI International Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Alcohol Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA ; Neuroscience Program, SRI International Menlo Park, CA, USA
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Chan JKM, Trinder J, Colrain IM, Nicholas CL. The acute effects of alcohol on sleep electroencephalogram power spectra in late adolescence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:291-9. [PMID: 25597245 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol's effect on sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra during late adolescence is of interest given that this age group shows both dramatic increases in alcohol consumption and major sleep-related developmental changes in quantitative EEG measures. This study examined the effect of alcohol on sleep EEG power spectra in 18- to 21-year-old college students. METHODS Participants were 24 (12 female) healthy 18- to 21-year-old social drinkers. Participants underwent 2 conditions: presleep alcohol and placebo, followed by standard polysomnography with comprehensive EEG recordings. RESULTS After alcohol, mean breath alcohol concentration at lights-out was 0.084%. Interaction effects indicated simultaneous increases in frontal non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) delta (p = 0.031) and alpha (p = 0.005) power in the first sleep cycles following alcohol consumption which was most prominent at frontal scalp sites (p < 0.001). A decrease in sigma power (p = 0.001) was also observed after alcohol. CONCLUSIONS As hypothesized, alcohol increased slow wave sleep-related NREM delta power. However, there was a simultaneous increase in frontal alpha power. Results suggest that alcohol may exert an arousal influence which may compete with the sleep maintenance influence of increased delta activity. The phenomenon is similar to, or the same as, alpha-delta sleep which has been associated with the presence of disruptive stimuli during sleep. This may have negative implications for the impact of presleep alcohol consumption on sleep and consequent daytime functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K M Chan
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Kim TE, Lee EJ, Young JB, Shin DJ, Kim JH. Wernicke encephalopathy and ethanol-related syndromes. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2014; 35:85-96. [PMID: 24745886 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol causes diverse neurologic conditions caused by acute and chronic brain damage. This review provides an overview of Wernicke encephalopathy and other ethanol-related brain changes, such as chronic brain atrophy, Marchiafava-Bignami disease, osmotic demyelination syndrome, chronic hepatic encephalopathy, and acute alcohol withdrawal. As clinical symptoms of this spectrum of diseases have nonspecific neurologic alterations, radiologists should have current radiologic information and understand the imaging findings pertaining to the pathophysiology to support diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Eun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ja Lee
- Department of Radiology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Bo Young
- Department of Radiology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jae Shin
- Department of Radiology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Pfefferbaum A, Rosenbloom MJ, Chu W, Sassoon SA, Rohlfing T, Pohl KM, Zahr NM, Sullivan EV. White matter microstructural recovery with abstinence and decline with relapse in alcohol dependence interacts with normal ageing: a controlled longitudinal DTI study. Lancet Psychiatry 2014; 1:202-12. [PMID: 26360732 PMCID: PMC4750405 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence exacts a toll on brain white matter microstructure, which has the potential of repair with prolonged sobriety. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables in-vivo quantification of tissue constituents and localisation of tracts potentially affected in alcohol dependence and its recovery. We did an extended longitudinal study of alcoholism's trajectory of effect on selective fibre bundles with sustained sobriety or decline with relapse. METHODS Participants were drawn from a longitudinal, 1·5T DTI database of 841 scans of individuals with various medical or neuropsychiatric conditions and normal ageing. Participants diagnosed with alcohol dependence had to meet the criteria from DSM-IV for alcohol dependence. Controls were screened and free of any DSM-IV axis I diagnosis, including being without history of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) quantified white matter integrity throughout the brain in 47 alcohol-dependent individuals and 56 controls examined 2-5 times over 1-8 year intervals. We identified regions showing group differences with a white matter atlas. For macrostructural comparison, we measured corpus callosum and centrum semiovale volumes on MRI. FINDINGS This study took place in the USA, between June 23, 2000, and Sept 6, 2011. TBSS identified a large cluster (threshold p<0·001), where controls showed significant fractional anisotropy (FA) decrease with ageing and alcohol-dependent individuals had significantly lower FA than controls regardless of age. Over the examination interval, 27 (57%) alcohol-dependent individuals abstained, ten (21%) relapsed into light drinking, and ten (21%) relapsed into heavy drinking (>5 kg of alcohol/year). Despite abnormally low FA, age trajectories of the abstainers were positive and progressing toward normality, whereas those of the relapsers and controls were negative. Axial diffusivity (lower values indexing myelin integrity) was abnormally high in the total alcohol-dependent group; however, the abstainers' slopes paralleled those of controls, whereas the heavy-drinking relapsers' slopes showed accelerated ageing. Callosal genu and body microstructure but not macrostructure showed untoward alcohol-related effects. Affected projection and association tracts had an anterior and superior neuroanatomical distribution. INTERPRETATION Return to heavy drinking resulted in accelerating microstructural white matter damage. Despite evidence for damage, alcohol-dependent individuals maintaining sobriety over extended periods showed improvement in brain fibre tract integrity reflective of fibre reorganisation and myelin restoration, indicative of a neural mechanism explaining recovery. FUNDING US National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA012388, AA017168, AA005965, AA013521-INIA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Margaret J Rosenbloom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Weiwei Chu
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kilian M Pohl
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalie M Zahr
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Wright MJ, Taffe MA. Chronic periadolescent alcohol consumption produces persistent cognitive deficits in rhesus macaques. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:78-87. [PMID: 25018042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although human alcoholics exhibit lasting cognitive deficits, it can be difficult to definitively rule out pre-alcohol performance differences. For example, individuals with a family history of alcoholism are at increased risk for alcoholism and are also behaviorally impaired. Animal models of controlled alcohol exposure permit balanced group assignment, thereby ruling out the effects of pre-existing differences. Periadolescent male rhesus macaques (N = 5) consumed alcohol during 200 drinking sessions (M-F) across a 10-month period (mean daily alcohol consumption: 1.38 g/kg/day). A control group (N = 5) consumed a fruit-flavored vehicle during the same period. Spatial working memory, visual discrimination learning and retention and response time behavioral domains were assessed with subtests of the Monkey CANTAB (CAmbridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery). Spatial working memory performance was impaired in the alcohol group after 120 drinking sessions (6 mo) in a manner that depended on retention interval. The chronic alcohol animals were also impaired in retaining a visual discrimination over 24 hrs when assessed 6-8 weeks after cessation of alcohol drinking. Finally, the presentation of distractors in the response time task impaired the response time and accuracy of the chronic alcohol group more than controls after 6 months of alcohol cessation. Chronic alcohol consumption over as little as 6 months produces cognitive deficits, with some domains still affected after acute (6-8 wks) and lasting (6 mo) discontinuation from drinking. Animals were matched on alcohol preference and behavioral performance prior to exposure, thus providing strong evidence for the causal role of chronic alcohol in these deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jerry Wright
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, SP30-2400, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Michael A Taffe
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, SP30-2400, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Abstract
Alcohol abuse and dependence are serious public health problems worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and legal implications. Therefore, sudden unexpected, suspicious, or violent death in alcohol consuming persons are frequently seen in the forensic setting. Alcohol-induced brain damage is predominantly caused by nutritional deficiencies and repeated withdrawal syndrome. Brain lesions associated with heavy alcohol consumption include brain atrophy, hepatic encephalopathy, and central pontine myelinolysis. In addition, the dementing conditions Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, acquired hepatocerebral degeneration, Marchiafava-Bignami disease, and pellagrous encephalopathy are closely associated with chronic alcohol consumption. In neuroradiological and autopsy studies, cerebral and cerebellar atrophy has been demonstrated in alcoholics. There is a regional selectivity, with the frontal lobes being particularly affected. Moreover, a disproportionate loss of cerebral white matter relative to cerebral cortex suggests that a major neurotoxic effect of chronic alcohol consumption predominantly affects the white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Büttner
- Forensic Pathology and the Institute of Legal Medicine at the Medical University of Rostock, Germany
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44
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Matsumoto I, Alexander-Kaufman K, Iwazaki T, Kashem MA, Matsuda-Matsumoto H. CNS proteomes in alcohol and drug abuse and dependence. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 4:539-52. [PMID: 17705711 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.4.4.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse, including alcohol, can induce dependency formation and/or brain damage in brain regions important for cognition. 'High-throughput' approaches, such as cDNA microarray and proteomics, allow the analysis of global expression profiles of genes and proteins. These technologies have recently been applied to human brain tissue from patients with psychiatric illnesses, including substance abuse/dependence and appropriate animal models to help understand the causes and secondary effects of these complex disorders. Although these types of studies have been limited in number and by proteomics techniques that are still in their infancy, several interesting hypotheses have been proposed. Focusing on CNS proteomics, we aim to review and update current knowledge in this rapidly advancing area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuru Matsumoto
- University of Sydney, Discipline of Pathology, NSW, Australia.
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Abstract
Deficits of attention, emotion, and cognition occur in individuals with alcohol abuse and addiction. This review elucidates the concepts of attention, emotion, and cognition and references research on the underlying neural networks and their compromise in alcohol use disorder. Neuroimaging research on adolescents with family history of alcoholism contributes to the understanding of pre-existing brain structural conditions and characterization of cognition and attention processes in high-risk individuals. Attention and cognition interact with other brain functions, including perceptual selection, salience, emotion, reward, and memory, through interconnected neural networks. Recent research reports compromised microstructural and functional network connectivity in alcoholism, which can have an effect on the dynamic tuning between brain systems, e.g., the frontally based executive control system, the limbic emotion system, and the midbrain-striatal reward system, thereby impeding cognitive flexibility and behavioral adaptation to changing environments. Finally, we introduce concepts of functional compensation, the capacity to generate attentional resources for performance enhancement, and brain structure recovery with abstinence. An understanding of the neural mechanisms of attention, emotion, and cognition will likely provide the basis for better treatment strategies for developing skills that enhance alcoholism therapy adherence and quality of life, and reduce the propensity for relapse.
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46
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Component processes of memory in alcoholism: pattern of compromise and neural substrates. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 125:211-25. [PMID: 25307577 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Initially, alcohol-related memory deficits were considered only through the prism of Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). It is now clear, however, that chronic alcohol consumption results in memory disorders in alcoholics without ostensible neurologic complications, such as Wernicke's encephalopathy and KS. Most of the principal memory components are affected, including working memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, perceptual memory, and procedural memory. The extent of those cognitive impairments depends on several factors, such as age, gender, nutritional status, and psychiatric comorbidity. While memory disorders, especially episodic memory deficits, are largely definitive in patients with KS, recovery of memory abilities has been described with abstinence in uncomplicated alcoholics. Neuropsychologic impairments, and especially memory disorders, must be evaluated at alcohol treatment entry because they could impede patients from benefiting fully from cognitive and behavioral treatment approaches for alcohol dependence. Screening of memory deficits could also enable clinicians to detect, among alcoholics without ostensible neurologic complications, those at risk of developing permanent and debilitating amnesia that features KS.
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47
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Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of current knowledge on the molecular and clinical aspects of chronic alcohol effects on the central nervous system. This drug is almost ubiquitous, widely enjoyed socially, but produces a diverse spectrum of neurologic disease when abused. Acutely, alcohol interacts predominantly with γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-A) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, but triggers diverse signaling events within well-defined neural pathways. These events result in adaptive changes in gene expression that ultimately produce two major states: addiction and toxicity. Epigenetic modifications of chromatin could lead to long-lived or even transgenerational changes in gene expression, thus producing aspects of the heritability of alcohol use disorders (AUD) and long-term behaviors such as recidivism. The diverse clinical syndromes produced by chronic alcohol actions in the central nervous system reflect the molecular pathology and predominantly involve aspects of tolerance/withdrawal, selective vulnerability (manifest as central pontine myelinolysis, Marchiafava-Bignami disease), and additional environmental factors (e.g., thiamine deficiency in Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome). Additionally, deleterious aspects of chronic alcohol on signaling, synaptic transmission, and cell toxicity lead to primary alcoholic dementia. Genetically determined aspects of myelin structure and alcohol actions on myelin gene expression may be a prominent molecular mechanism resulting in a predisposition to, or causation of, AUD and multiple other neurologic complications of chronic alcohol. The dramatic progress made in understanding molecular actions of alcohol holds great promise for our eventual treatment or prevention of AUD and neurologic complications resulting from chronic alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Costin
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - M F Miles
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Study of Biological Complexity and Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Niciu MJ, Henter ID, Sanacora G, Zarate CA. Glial abnormalities in substance use disorders and depression: does shared glutamatergic dysfunction contribute to comorbidity? World J Biol Psychiatry 2014; 15:2-16. [PMID: 24024876 PMCID: PMC4180366 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2013.829585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preclinical and clinical research in neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly mood and substance use disorders, have historically focused on neurons; however, glial cells-astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes - also play key roles in these disorders. METHODS Peer-reviewed PubMed/Medline articles published through December 2012 were identified using the following keyword combinations: glia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes/glia, microglia, substance use, substance abuse, substance dependence, alcohol, opiate, opioid, cocaine, psychostimulants, stimulants, and glutamate. RESULTS Depressive and substance use disorders are highly comorbid, suggesting a common or overlapping aetiology and pathophysiology. Reduced astrocyte cell number occurs in both disorders. Altered glutamate neurotransmission and metabolism - specifically changes in the levels/activity of transporters, receptors, and synaptic proteins potentially related to synaptic physiology - appear to be salient features of both disorders. Glial cell pathology may also underlie the pathophysiology of both disorders via impaired astrocytic production of neurotrophic factors. Microglial/neuroinflammatory pathology is also evident in both depressive and substance use disorders. Finally, oligodendrocyte impairment decreases myelination and impairs expression of myelin-related genes in both substance use and depressive disorders. CONCLUSIONS Glial-mediated glutamatergic dysfunction is a common neuropathological pathway in both substance use and depression. Therefore, glutamatergic neuromodulation is a rational drug target in this comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Niciu
- Yale University Department of Psychiatry/Connecticut Mental Health Center (CMHC), Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), New Haven, CT, USA,Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ioline D. Henter
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Yale University Department of Psychiatry/Connecticut Mental Health Center (CMHC), Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
First discovered in maize by Barbara McClintock in the 1940s, transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that in some cases have the ability to move along chromosomes or "transpose" in the genome. This revolutionary finding was initially met with resistance by the scientific community and viewed by some as heretical. A large body of knowledge has accumulated over the last 60 years on the biology of TEs. Indeed, it is now known that TEs can generate genomic instability and reconfigure gene expression networks both in the germline and somatic cells. This review highlights recent findings on the role of TEs in health and diseases of the CNS, which were presented at the 2013 Society for Neuroscience meeting. The work of the speakers in this symposium shows that TEs are expressed and active in the brain, challenging the dogma that neuronal genomes are static and revealing that they are susceptible to somatic genomic alterations. These new findings on TE expression and function in the CNS have major implications for understanding the neuroplasticity of the brain, which could hypothetically have a role in shaping individual behavior and contribute to vulnerability to disease.
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50
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Double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of benfotiamine for severe alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 133:562-70. [PMID: 23992649 PMCID: PMC3818307 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is associated with severe nutritional and vitamin deficiency. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency erodes neurological pathways that may influence the ability to drink in moderation. The present study examines tolerability of supplementation using the high-potency thiamine analog, benfotiamine (BF), and BF's effects on alcohol consumption in severely affected, self-identified, alcohol dependent subjects. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 120 non-treatment seeking, actively drinking, alcohol dependent men and women volunteers (mean age=47 years) from the Kansas City area who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for current alcohol dependence. Subjects were randomized to receive 600 mg benfotiamine or placebo (PL) once daily by mouth for 24 weeks with 6 follow-up assessments scheduled at 4 week intervals. Side effects and daily alcohol consumption were recorded. Seventy (58%) subjects completed 24 weeks of study (N=21 women; N=49 men) with overall completion rates of 55% (N=33) for PL and 63% (N=37) for BF groups. No significant adverse events were noted and alcohol consumption decreased significantly for both treatment groups. Alcohol consumption decreased from baseline levels for 9 of 10 BF treated women after 1 month of treatment compared with 2 of 11 on PL. Reductions in total alcohol consumption over 6 months were significantly greater for BF treated women (BF: N=10, -611 ± 380 standard drinks; PL: N=11, -159 ± 562 standard drinks, p-value=0.02). BF supplementation of actively drinking alcohol dependent men and women was well-tolerated and may discourage alcohol consumption among women. The results do support expanded studies of BF treatment in alcoholism.
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