1
|
Noorlander A, Wesseling S, Rietjens IMCM, van Ravenzwaay B. Predicting acute paraquat toxicity using physiologically based kinetic modelling incorporating in vitro active renal excretion via the OCT2 transporter. Toxicol Lett 2023; 388:30-39. [PMID: 37806368 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Including active renal excretion in physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models can improve their use in quantitative in vitro- in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) as a new approach methodology (NAM) for predicting the acute toxicity of organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) substrates like paraquat (PQ). To realise this NAM, kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for in vitro OCT2 transport of PQ were obtained from the literature. Appropriate scaling factors were applied to translate the in vitro Vmax to an in vivo Vmax. in vitro cytotoxicity data were defined in the rat RLE-6TN and L2 cell lines and the human A549 cell line. The developed PQ PBK model was used to apply reverse dosimetry for QIVIVE translating the in vitro cytotoxicity concentration-response curves to predicted in vivo toxicity dose-response curves after which the lower and upper bound benchmark dose (BMD) for 50% lethality (BMDL50 and BMDU50) were derived by applying BMD analysis. Comparing the predictions to the in vivo reported LD50 values resulted in a conservative prediction for rat and a comparable prediction for human showing proof of principle on the inclusion of active renal excretion and prediction of PQ acute toxicity for the developed NAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Noorlander
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sebastiaan Wesseling
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bennard van Ravenzwaay
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huchthausen J, König M, Escher BI, Henneberger L. Experimental exposure assessment for in vitro cell-based bioassays in 96- and 384-well plates. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1221625. [PMID: 37564394 PMCID: PMC10411540 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1221625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro cell-based bioassays have great potential for applications in the human health risk assessment of chemicals. The quantification of freely dissolved concentrations (C free) in in vitro assays is essential to generate reliable data for in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation. Existing methods for the quantification of C free are limited to low-throughput microtiter plates. The present study is a proof of principle for the applicability of a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method for the determination of C free in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) bioassay run in 384-well plates with 80 µL medium per well. The effect concentrations obtained from 384-well plates were compared with those obtained from 96-well plates in a previous study. Nominal effect concentrations obtained using 96- and 384-well plates agreed with each other within a factor of three, and freely dissolved effect concentrations agreed within a factor of 6.5. The good degree of agreement in the results from both plate formats proves the general applicability of the SPME method for the determination of C free for bioassays in 384-well plates, making the present study a first step toward exposure assessment in high-throughput bioassays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Huchthausen
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria König
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate I. Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Geosciences, Environmental Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luise Henneberger
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van Tongeren TCA, Wang S, Carmichael PL, Rietjens IMCM, Li H. Next generation risk assessment of human exposure to estrogens using safe comparator compound values based on in vitro bioactivity assays. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1547-1575. [PMID: 37087486 PMCID: PMC10182946 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
In next generation risk assessment (NGRA), the Dietary Comparator Ratio (DCR) can be used to assess the safety of chemical exposures to humans in a 3R compliant approach. The DCR compares the Exposure Activity Ratio (EAR) for exposure to a compound of interest (EARtest) to the EAR for an established safe exposure level to a comparator compound (EARcomparator), acting by the same mode of action. It can be concluded that the exposure to a test compound is safe at a corresponding DCR ≤ 1. In this study, genistein (GEN) was selected as a comparator compound by comparison of reported safe internal exposures to GEN to its BMCL05, as no effect level, the latter determined in the in vitro estrogenic MCF7/Bos proliferation, T47D ER-CALUX, and U2OS ERα-CALUX assay. The EARcomparator was defined using the BMCL05 and EC50 values from the 3 in vitro assays and subsequently used to calculate the DCRs for exposures to 14 test compounds, predicting the (absence of) estrogenicity. The predictions were evaluated by comparison to reported in vivo estrogenicity in humans for these exposures. The results obtained support in the DCR approach as an important animal-free new approach methodology (NAM) in NGRA and show how in vitro assays can be used to define DCR values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa C A van Tongeren
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Si Wang
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L Carmichael
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hequn Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Braun G, Escher BI. Prioritization of mixtures of neurotoxic chemicals for biomonitoring using high-throughput toxicokinetics and mixture toxicity modeling. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107680. [PMID: 36502700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern society continues to pollute the environment with larger quantities of chemicals that have also become more structurally and functionally diverse. Risk assessment of chemicals can hardly keep up with the sheer numbers that lead to complex mixtures of increasing chemical diversity including new chemicals, substitution products on top of still abundant legacy compounds. Fortunately, over the last years computational tools have helped us to identify and prioritize chemicals of concern. These include toxicokinetic models to predict exposure to chemicals as well as new approach methodologies such as in-vitro bioassays to address toxicodynamic effects. Combined, they allow for a prediction of mixtures and their respective effects and help overcome the lack of data we face for many chemicals. In this study we propose a high-throughput approach using experimental and predicted exposure, toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic data to simulate mixtures, to which a virtual population is exposed to and predict their mixture effects. The general workflow is adaptable for any type of toxicity, but we demonstrated its applicability with a case study on neurotoxicity. If no experimental data for neurotoxicity were available, we used baseline toxicity predictions as a surrogate. Baseline toxicity is the minimal toxicity any chemical has and might underestimate the true contribution to the mixture effect but many neurotoxicants are not by orders of magnitude more potent than baseline toxicity. Therefore, including baseline-toxic effects in mixture simulations yields a more realistic picture than excluding them in mixture simulations. This workflow did not only correctly identify and prioritize known chemicals of concern like benzothiazoles, organochlorine pesticides and plasticizers but we were also able to identify new potential neurotoxicants that we recommend to include in future biomonitoring studies and if found in humans, to also include in neurotoxicity screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Braun
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bar M, Szychowski KA. Comprehensive review of the impact of tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC or TDBP-TAZTO) on living organisms and the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:4203-4218. [PMID: 35103871 PMCID: PMC9675702 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC or TDBP-TAZTO) belongs to the group of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). The production of this compound is increasing due to the growing demand and wide application in electrical, electronic, musical instrument, and automotive component industries. The properties of TBC, e.g., the high octanol-air partition coefficient (Koa), high octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow), and high bioconcentration factor (BCF), indicate a possibility of its spread in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and bioaccumulation in living organisms. The presence of TBC has been confirmed in soil, sediments, river water, and such materials as microplastic, curtains, and e-waste devices. The compound has potential to bioaccumulate in the food chain of living organisms. TBC has been demonstrated to exert a harmful effect mainly on the nervous and endocrine systems, lungs, and liver. The possible mechanism of toxicity of the compound in the nervous system is based on the generation of oxidative stress by TBC leading to apoptosis of neuronal cells, while mitochondrial damage is considered to be responsible for changes in the respiratory organ. Moreover, the potential of mussels and earthworms to be bioindicators of TBC has been proven. Therefore, the literature review is focused on TBC properties and analysis of the identification and impact of the compound on the environment, living organisms, and human cell lines. Given the many toxic effects of TBC highlighted in the literature, there is a need for more profound research on the safety of TBC and methods for identification and degradation of this compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bar
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dimitrijevic D, Fabian E, Nicol B, Funk-Weyer D, Landsiedel R. Toward Realistic Dosimetry In Vitro: Determining Effective Concentrations of Test Substances in Cell Culture and Their Prediction by an In Silico Mass Balance Model. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1962-1973. [PMID: 36264934 PMCID: PMC9682521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nominal concentrations (CNom) in cell culture media are routinely used to define concentration-effect relationships in the in vitro toxicology. The actual concentration in the medium (CMedium) can be affected by adsorption processes, evaporation, or degradation of chemicals. Therefore, we measured the total and free concentration of 12 chemicals, covering a wide range of lipophilicity (log KOW -0.07-6.84), in the culture medium (CMedium) and cells (CCell) after incubation with Balb/c 3T3 cells for up to 48 h. Measured values were compared to predictions using an as yet unpublished in silico mass balance model that combined relevant equations from similar models published by others. The total CMedium for all chemicals except tamoxifen (TAM) were similar to the CNom. This was attributed to the cellular uptake of TAM and accumulation into lysosomes. The free (i.e., unbound) CMedium for the low/no protein binding chemicals were similar to the CNom, whereas values of all moderately to highly protein-bound chemicals were less than 30% of the CNom. Of the 12 chemicals, the two most hydrophilic chemicals, acetaminophen (APAP) and caffeine (CAF), were the only ones for which the CCell was the same as the CNom. The CCell for all other chemicals tended to increase over time and were all 2- to 274-fold higher than CNom. Measurements of CCytosol, using a digitonin method to release cytosol, compared well with CCell (using a freeze-thaw method) for four chemicals (CAF, APAP, FLU, and KET), indicating that both methods could be used. The mass balance model predicted the total CMedium within 30% of the measured values for 11 chemicals. The free CMedium of all 12 chemicals were predicted within 3-fold of the measured values. There was a poorer prediction of CCell values, with a median overprediction of 3- to 4-fold. In conclusion, while the number of chemicals in the study is limited, it demonstrates the large differences between CNom and total and free CMedium and CCell, which were also relatively well predicted by the mass balance model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Dimitrijevic
- Free
University of Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Königin-Luise-Straße
2−4, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Fabian
- BASF
SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Beate Nicol
- Safety
& Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever
U.K., Sharnbrook, MK44 ILQBedford, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothee Funk-Weyer
- BASF
SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Free
University of Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Königin-Luise-Straße
2−4, 14195Berlin, Germany,BASF
SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany,. Fax: +49 621 60-58134
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
van Tongeren TC, Carmichael PL, Rietjens IM, Li H. Next Generation Risk Assessment of the Anti-Androgen Flutamide Including the Contribution of Its Active Metabolite Hydroxyflutamide. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:881235. [PMID: 35722059 PMCID: PMC9201820 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.881235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In next generation risk assessment (NGRA), non-animal approaches are used to quantify the chemical concentrations required to trigger bioactivity responses, in order to assure safe levels of human exposure. A limitation of many in vitro bioactivity assays, which are used in an NGRA context as new approach methodologies (NAMs), is that toxicokinetics, including biotransformation, are not adequately captured. The present study aimed to include, as a proof of principle, the bioactivity of the metabolite hydroxyflutamide (HF) in an NGRA approach to evaluate the safety of the anti-androgen flutamide (FLU), using the AR-CALUX assay to derive the NAM point of departure (PoD). The NGRA approach applied also included PBK modelling-facilitated quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE). The PBK model describing FLU and HF kinetics in humans was developed using GastroPlus™ and validated against human pharmacokinetic data. PBK model-facilitated QIVIVE was performed to translate the in vitro AR-CALUX derived concentration-response data to a corresponding in vivo dose-response curve for the anti-androgenicity of FLU, excluding and including the activity of HF (-HF and +HF, respectively). The in vivo benchmark dose 5% lower confidence limits (BMDL05) derived from the predicted in vivo dose-response curves for FLU, revealed a 440-fold lower BMDL05 when taking the bioactivity of HF into account. Subsequent comparison of the predicted BMDL05 values to the human therapeutic doses and historical animal derived PoDs, revealed that PBK modelling-facilitated QIVIVE that includes the bioactivity of the active metabolite is protective and provides a more appropriate PoD to assure human safety via NGRA, whereas excluding this would potentially result in an underestimation of the risk of FLU exposure in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul L. Carmichael
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hequn Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cytochrome P450 isoforms contribution, plasma protein binding, toxicokinetics of enniatin A in rats and in vivo clearance prediction in humans. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:112988. [PMID: 35398446 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging mycotoxins, such as enniatin A (ENNA), are becoming a worldwide concern owing to their presence in different types of food and feed. However, comprehensive toxicokinetic data that links intake, exposure and toxicological effects of ENNA has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, the present study investigated the in vitro (rat and human) and in vivo (rat) toxicokinetic properties of ENNA. Towards this, an easily applicable and sensitive bioanalytical method was developed and validated for the estimation of ENNA in rat plasma. ENNA exhibited high plasma protein binding (99%), high hepatic clearance and mainly underwent metabolism via CYP3A4 (74%). The in-house predicted hepatic clearance (54 mL/min/kg) and observed in vivo rat clearance (55 mL/min/kg) were comparable. The predicted in vivo human hepatic clearance was 18 mL/min/kg. ENNA underwent slow absorption (Tmax = 4 h) and rapid elimination following oral administration to rats. The absolute oral bioavailability was 47%. The toxicokinetic findings for ENNA from this study will help in designing and interpreting toxicological studies in rats. Besides, these findings could be used in physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model development for exposure predictions and risk assessment for ENNA in humans.
Collapse
|
9
|
Oeckl J, Janovska P, Adamcova K, Bardova K, Brunner S, Dieckmann S, Ecker J, Fromme T, Funda J, Gantert T, Giansanti P, Hidrobo MS, Kuda O, Kuster B, Li Y, Pohl R, Schmitt S, Schweizer S, Zischka H, Zouhar P, Kopecky J, Klingenspor M. Loss of UCP1 function augments recruitment of futile lipid cycling for thermogenesis in murine brown fat. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101499. [PMID: 35470094 PMCID: PMC9097615 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Oeckl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Brunner
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dieckmann
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josef Ecker
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jiri Funda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Gantert
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Maria Soledad Hidrobo
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Radek Pohl
- NMR spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Schmitt
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Schweizer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Petr Zouhar
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Armitage JM, Sangion A, Parmar R, Looky AB, Arnot JA. Update and Evaluation of a High-Throughput In Vitro Mass Balance Distribution Model: IV-MBM EQP v2.0. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110315. [PMID: 34822706 PMCID: PMC8625852 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the utility of an updated mass balance model for predicting the distribution of organic chemicals in in vitro test systems (IV-MBM EQP v2.0) and evaluates its performance with empirical data. The IV-MBM EQP v2.0 tool was parameterized and applied to four independent data sets with measured ratios of bulk medium or freely-dissolved to initial nominal concentrations (e.g., C24/C0 where C24 is the measured concentration after 24 h of exposure and C0 is the initial nominal concentration). Model performance varied depending on the data set, chemical properties (e.g., "volatiles" vs. "non-volatiles", neutral vs. ionizable organics), and model assumptions but overall is deemed acceptable. For example, the r2 was greater than 0.8 and the mean absolute error (MAE) in the predictions was less than a factor of two for most neutral organics included. Model performance was not as good for the ionizable organic chemicals included but the r2 was still greater than 0.7 and the MAE less than a factor of three. The IV-MBM EQP v2.0 model was subsequently applied to several hundred chemicals on Canada's Domestic Substances List (DSL) with nominal effects data (AC50s) reported for two in vitro assays. We report the frequency of chemicals with AC50s corresponding to predicted cell membrane concentrations in the baseline toxicity range (i.e., >20-60 mM) and tabulate the number of chemicals with "volatility issues" (majority of chemical in headspace) and "solubility issues" (freely-dissolved concentration greater than water solubility after distribution). In addition, the predicted "equivalent EQP blood concentrations" (i.e., blood concentration at equilibrium with predicted cellular concentration) were compared to the AC50s as a function of hydrophobicity (log octanol-water partition or distribution ratio). The predicted equivalent EQP blood concentrations exceed the AC50 by up to a factor of 100 depending on hydrophobicity and assay conditions. The implications of using AC50s as direct surrogates for human blood concentrations when estimating the oral equivalent doses using a toxicokinetic model (i.e., reverse dosimetry) are then briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Armitage
- AES Armitage Environmental Sciences, Inc., Ottawa, ON K1L 8C3, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Sangion
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Inc., Toronto, ON M4M 1W4, Canada; (A.S.); (R.P.); (A.B.L.); (J.A.A.)
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rohan Parmar
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Inc., Toronto, ON M4M 1W4, Canada; (A.S.); (R.P.); (A.B.L.); (J.A.A.)
| | - Alexandra B. Looky
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Inc., Toronto, ON M4M 1W4, Canada; (A.S.); (R.P.); (A.B.L.); (J.A.A.)
| | - Jon A. Arnot
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Inc., Toronto, ON M4M 1W4, Canada; (A.S.); (R.P.); (A.B.L.); (J.A.A.)
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Predicting the in vivo developmental toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in rats by an in vitro-in silico approach. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3323-3340. [PMID: 34432120 PMCID: PMC8448719 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Developmental toxicity testing is an animal-intensive endpoints in toxicity testing and calls for animal-free alternatives. Previous studies showed the applicability of an in vitro–in silico approach for predicting developmental toxicity of a range of compounds, based on data from the mouse embryonic stem cell test (EST) combined with physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling facilitated reverse dosimetry. In the current study, the use of this approach for predicting developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated, using benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a model compound. A rat PBK model of BaP was developed to simulate the kinetics of its main metabolite 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBaP), shown previously to be responsible for the developmental toxicity of BaP. Comparison to in vivo kinetic data showed that the model adequately predicted BaP and 3-OHBaP blood concentrations in the rat. Using this PBK model and reverse dosimetry, a concentration–response curve for 3-OHBaP obtained in the EST was translated into an in vivo dose–response curve for developmental toxicity of BaP in rats upon single or repeated dose exposure. The predicted half maximal effect doses (ED50) amounted to 67 and 45 mg/kg bw being comparable to the ED50 derived from the in vivo dose–response data reported for BaP in the literature, of 29 mg/kg bw. The present study provides a proof of principle of applying this in vitro–in silico approach for evaluating developmental toxicity of BaP and may provide a promising strategy for predicting the developmental toxicity of related PAHs, without the need for extensive animal testing.
Collapse
|
12
|
van Tongeren TCA, Moxon TE, Dent MP, Li H, Carmichael PL, Rietjens IMCM. Next generation risk assessment of human exposure to anti-androgens using newly defined comparator compound values. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105132. [PMID: 33662517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) can use the so-called Dietary Comparator Ratio (DCR) to evaluate the safety of a defined exposure to a compound of interest. The DCR compares the Exposure Activity Ratio (EAR) for the compound of interest, to the EAR of an established safe level of human exposure to a comparator compound with the same putative mode of action. A DCR ≤ 1 indicates the exposure evaluated is safe. The present study aimed at defining adequate and safe comparator compound exposures for evaluation of anti-androgenic effects, using 3,3-diindolylmethane (DIM), from cruciferous vegetables, and the anti-androgenic drug bicalutamide (BIC). EAR values for these comparator compounds were defined using the AR-CALUX assay. The adequacy of the new comparator EAR values was evaluated using PBK modelling and by comparing the generated DCRs of a series of test compound exposures to actual knowledge on their safety regarding in vivo anti-androgenicity. Results obtained supported the use of AR-CALUX-based comparator EARs for DCR-based NGRA for putative anti-androgenic compounds. This further validates the DCR approach as an animal free in silico/in vitro 3R compliant method in NGRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa C A van Tongeren
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700, EA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Thomas E Moxon
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Matthew P Dent
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Hequn Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Paul L Carmichael
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700, EA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Predicting exposure concentrations of chemicals with a wide range of volatility and hydrophobicity in different multi-well plate set-ups. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4680. [PMID: 33633258 PMCID: PMC7907087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of chemical toxicity in small-scale bioassays is challenging owing to small volumes used and extensive analytical resource needs. Yet, relying on nominal concentrations for effect determination maybe erroneous because loss processes can significantly reduce the actual exposure. Mechanistic models for predicting exposure concentrations based on distribution coefficients exist but require further validation with experimental data. Here we developed a complementary empirical model framework to predict chemical medium concentrations using different well-plate formats (24/48-well), plate covers (plastic lid, or additionally aluminum foil or adhesive foil), exposure volumes, and biological entities (fish, algal cells), focusing on the chemicals’ volatility and hydrophobicity as determinants. The type of plate cover and medium volume were identified as important drivers of volatile chemical loss, which could accurately be predicted by the framework. The model focusing on adhesive foil as cover was exemplary cross-validated and extrapolated to other set-ups, specifically 6-well plates with fish cells and 24-well plates with zebrafish embryos. Two case study model applications further demonstrated the utility of the empirical model framework for toxicity predictions. Thus, our approach can significantly improve the applicability of small-scale systems by providing accurate chemical concentrations in exposure media without resource- and time-intensive analytical measurements.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lungu-Mitea S, Vogs C, Carlsson G, Montag M, Frieberg K, Oskarsson A, Lundqvist J. Modeling Bioavailable Concentrations in Zebrafish Cell Lines and Embryos Increases the Correlation of Toxicity Potencies across Test Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:447-457. [PMID: 33320646 PMCID: PMC7872314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Linking cellular toxicity to low-tier animal toxicity and beyond is crucial within the adverse outcome pathway concept and the 3R framework. This study aimed to determine and compare the bioavailable effect concentrations in zebrafish cell lines and embryos. Acute, short-term toxicity (48 h) of eight veterinary pharmaceuticals was measured in two zebrafish cell lines (hepatocytes, fibroblasts) and zebrafish embryos. Seven endpoints of cytotoxicity were recorded. The fish embryo acute toxicity test was modified by adding sublethal endpoints. Chemical distribution modeling (mass balance) was applied to compute the bioavailable compound concentrations in cells (Cfree) and embryos (Cint;aq) based on nominal effect concentrations (Cnom). Effect concentration ratios were calculated (cell effects/embryo effects). A low correlation was observed between cytotoxicity and embryo toxicity when nominal concentrations were used. Modeled bioavailable effect concentrations strongly increased correlations and placed regression lines close to the line of unity and axis origin. Cytotoxicity endpoints showed differences in sensitivity and predictability. The hepatocyte cell line depicted closer proximity to the embryo data. Conclusively, the high positive correlation between the cell- and embryo-based test systems emphasizes the appropriate modulation of toxicity when linked to bioavailable concentrations. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of fish cell lines to be utilized in integrated testing strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lungu-Mitea
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carolina Vogs
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Carlsson
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maximiliane Montag
- Institute
for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Frieberg
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundqvist
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
You N, Chen Y, Zhang QX, Zhang Y, Meng Z, Fan HT. In-situ monitoring of phenol in surface waters by diffusive gradients in thin films technique based on the nanocomposites of zero-valent iron@biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139553. [PMID: 32473426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nano-sized zero valent iron assisted biochar from hazelnut shell (nZVI@biochar) was prepared and assessed for the feasibility as the binding agent in diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique. The 1.5% agarose solution containing the optimal nZVI@biochar dose of 15 g L-1 was used to prepare the nZVI@biochar binding gel which owned a high capacity (1010 ± 50 μg disc-1) and a rapid uptake within 30 min. The elution efficiency of phenol from the loaded binding gel was up to 99.3% using the mixture of 1% hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 0.05 mol L-1 HCl. The phenol uptake of nZVI@biochar-DGT increased linearly with the increase of deployment time (R2 = 0.9938) and was in accord with the theoretical values from DGT equation, while there was no notable interference of the sample matrixes on the phenol uptake of nZVI@biochar-DGT in the spiked freshwaters. The good performance of nZVI@biochar-DGT was found under a range of pH (4.1-10.2), ionic strength (as pNaNO3) (0.155-4), and dissolved organic matter up to 20 mg L-1. In field, the monitoring of nZVI@biochar-DGT was more representative than the results from the grab-sampling with better precision and lower sampling frequency, which can provide reliable information, reduce the cost of human resources, and improve efficiency. These illustrate that the nZVI@biochar is more suitable as the binding agent of DGT for uptake of phenol and nZVI@biochar-DGT is an effective tool to monitor in-situ phenol in waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan You
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing-Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuo Meng
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Tao Fan
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Laue H, Hostettler L, Badertscher RP, Jenner KJ, Sanders G, Arnot JA, Natsch A. Examining Uncertainty in In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation Applied in Fish Bioconcentration Models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9483-9494. [PMID: 32633948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro biotransformation rates were determined for 30 chemicals, mostly fragrance ingredients, using trout liver S9 fractions (RT-S9) and incorporated into in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) models to predict bioconcentration factors (BCFs). Predicted BCFs were compared against empirical BCFs to explore potential major uncertainties involved in the in vitro methods and IVIVE models: (i) in vitro chemical test concentrations; (ii) different gill uptake rate constant calculations (k1); (iii) protein binding (different calculations and measurement of the fraction of unbound chemical, fU); (iv) species differences; and (v) extrahepatic biotransformation. Predicted BCFs were within 0.5 log units for 44% of the chemicals compared to empirical BCFs, whereas 56% were overpredicted by >0.5 log units. This trend of overprediction was reduced by alternative k1 calculations to 32% of chemicals being overpredicted. Moreover, hepatic in vitro rates scaled to whole body biotransformation rates (kB) were compared against in vivo kB estimates. In vivo kB was underestimated for 79% of the chemicals. Neither lowering the test concentration, nor incorporation of new measured fU values, nor species matching avoided the tendency to overpredict BCFs indicating that further improvements to the IVIVE models are needed or extrahepatic biotransformation plays an underestimated role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Laue
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Fragrances S&T, 8310 Kemptthal, Switzerland
| | - Lu Hostettler
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Fragrances S&T, 8310 Kemptthal, Switzerland
| | | | - Karen J Jenner
- Givaudan UK Ltd, Regulatory Affairs and Product Safety, Ashford, Kent TN24 OLT, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Sanders
- Givaudan International SA, Regulatory Affairs and Product Safety, 1214 Vernier, Switzerland
| | - Jon A Arnot
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Toronto, Ontario M4M 1W4, Canada
| | - Andreas Natsch
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Fragrances S&T, 8310 Kemptthal, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reiter EB, Jahnke A, König M, Siebert U, Escher BI. Influence of Co-Dosed Lipids from Biota Extracts on the Availability of Chemicals in In Vitro Cell-Based Bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4240-4247. [PMID: 32118404 PMCID: PMC7144218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Extraction of chemicals from biota leads to co-extraction of lipids. When dosing such extracts into in vitro bioassays, co-dosed lipids act as an additional phase that can reduce the bioavailability of the chemicals and the apparent sensitivity of the assay. Equilibrium partitioning between medium, cells, and co-dosed lipids was described with an existing equilibrium partitioning model for cell-based bioassays extended by an additional lipid phase. We experimentally investigated the influence of co-dosed lipids on the effects elicited by four test chemicals of different hydrophobicity in two bioassays, indicative of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and oxidative stress response (AREc32). The partitioning model explained the effect of the test chemicals in the presence of spiked triolein within a factor of 0.33-5.83 between the measured and predicted effect concentration (EC). We applied the model to marine mammal blubber extracted with silicone. Extracts dosed in the AREc32 bioassay showed a linear increase of apparent EC with increasing lipid fraction. The partitioning model was used to interpret the role of the co-extracted lipid. A quantitative lipid correction of bioassay results in the presence of co-dosed lipids was possible for known compounds and defined mixtures, while we could only estimate a range for mixtures of unknown chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva B. Reiter
- Department
Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- E-mail: . Phone: +49 341 235 1823. Fax: +49 341 235 1787
| | - Annika Jahnke
- Department
Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria König
- Department
Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute
for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Beate I. Escher
- Department
Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental
Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Leonard JA, Nelms M, Craig E, Perron M, Pope-Varsalona H, Dobreniecki S, Lowit A, Tan YM. A weight of evidence approach to investigate potential common mechanisms in pesticide groups to support cumulative risk assessment: A case study with dinitroaniline pesticides. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 107:104419. [PMID: 31301330 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Pesticide Programs published guidelines for establishing candidate common mechanism groups (CMGs) for cumulative risk assessment (CRA) weight-of-evidence-based screenings. A candidate CMG is a group of chemicals that may share similar structure, apical endpoints, and/or mechanistic data that suggest the potential for a common mechanism of toxicity among them. Here, a weight-of-evidence approach is presented to establish candidacy of a CMG for a group of nine dinitroaniline pesticides. This approach involves review of available in vivo toxicity information and literature to determine mode of action, along with analyses of in vitro toxicity data and chemical structure. Despite structural similarity among some dinitroanilines and some shared target organs identified through toxicity observed in in vivo studies, there were no consistencies among groups, suggesting lack of a common mechanism when all analyses are considered together. For example, two structurally similar compounds with thyroid/liver in vivo effects were not found active in any Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) in vitro assays. The weight-of-evidence is insufficient to support the testable hypothesis that dinitroanilines could form a CMG, and highlights the importance of establishing a consensus among multiple lines of evidence prior to CRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Leonard
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States.
| | - Mark Nelms
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - Evisabel Craig
- Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 20460, United States
| | - Monique Perron
- Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 20460, United States
| | - Hannah Pope-Varsalona
- Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 20460, United States
| | - Sarah Dobreniecki
- Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 20460, United States
| | - Anna Lowit
- Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 20460, United States
| | - Yu-Mei Tan
- Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 20460, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Groothuis FA, Timmer N, Opsahl E, Nicol B, Droge STJ, Blaauboer BJ, Kramer NI. Influence of in Vitro Assay Setup on the Apparent Cytotoxic Potency of Benzalkonium Chlorides. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1103-1114. [PMID: 31012305 PMCID: PMC6584903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The nominal concentration
is generally used to express concentration–effect
relationships in in vitro toxicity assays. However, the nominal concentration
does not necessarily represent the exposure concentration responsible
for the observed effect. Surfactants accumulate at interphases and
likely sorb to in vitro system components such as serum protein and
well plate plastic. The extent of sorption and the consequences of
this sorption on in vitro readouts is largely unknown for these chemicals.
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of sorption to
in vitro components on the observed cytotoxic potency of benzalkonium
chlorides (BAC) varying in alkyl chain length (6–18 carbon
atoms, C6–18) in a basal cytotoxicity assay with
the rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1). Cells were exposed for
48 h in 96-well plates to increasing concentration of BACs in exposure
medium containing 0, 60 μM bovine serum albumin (BSA) or 10%
fetal bovine serum (FBS). Before and after exposure, BAC concentrations
in exposure medium were analytically determined. Based on freely dissolved
concentrations at the end of the exposure, median effect concentrations
(EC50) decreased with increasing alkyl chain length up
to 14 carbons. For BAC with alkyl chains of 12 or more carbons, EC50’s based on measured concentrations after exposure
in supplement-free medium were up to 25-times lower than EC50’s calculated using nominal concentrations. When BSA or FBS
was added to the medium, a decrease in cytotoxic potency of up to
22 times was observed for BAC with alkyl chains of eight or more carbons.
The results of this study emphasize the importance of expressing the
in vitro readouts as a function of a dose metric that is least influenced
by assay setup to compare assay sensitivities and chemical potencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floris A Groothuis
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Niels Timmer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Eystein Opsahl
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Beate Nicol
- Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre , Unilever U.K. , Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ , United Kingdom
| | - Steven T J Droge
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Bas J Blaauboer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Nynke I Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Finlayson KA, Leusch FDL, van de Merwe JP. Cytotoxicity of organic and inorganic compounds to primary cell cultures established from internal tissues of Chelonia mydas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:958-967. [PMID: 30769319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical contaminants have been found in the tissues of sea turtles from all over the world; however, very little is known about the effects. Recently, in vitro alternatives to live animal testing have been applied to sea turtles due to their ethical and practical benefits. While primary skin fibroblasts have been established for several species of sea turtle, cells from internal organs are lacking, though they may be more relevant due to the well documented accumulation of contaminants within internal tissues. This study established primary cell cultures from the small intestine, heart, liver, ovary and skin of green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Cells were exposed to ten contaminants typically found in sea turtles to examine potential variations in sensitivity among cells established from different organs. Differences between cells established from different animals were also examined, including a comparison of cells established from a turtle with fibropapillomatosis (FP) and healthy turtles. Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) primary skin cells were also included for species comparisons. Significant differences were found between the organ types, with liver and heart being the least sensitive, and skin being the most sensitive. Overall, variation between the organ types was low. Primary skin fibroblasts may be a suitable and representative cell type for in vitro turtle toxicology research, as it is relatively easy to obtain from healthy live animals. Skin cultures provide a more sensitive indication of effect, and could be used as an early warning of the potential effects of chemical contamination. Some species differences were found but no differences were found between cell cultures from an FP turtle and healthy turtles. When EC50 values were compared to accumulation values from the literature, inorganic contaminants, such as Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Cu were identified as posing a potential risk to sea turtle populations around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Finlayson
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Combes R, Balls M, Illing P, Bhogal N, Dale J, Duvé G, Feron V, Grindon C, Gülden M, Loizou G, Priston R, Westmoreland C. Possibilities for a New Approach to Chemicals Risk Assessment — The Report of a FRAME Workshop. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 34:621-49. [PMID: 17266394 DOI: 10.1177/026119290603400606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Combes
- FRAME, Russell & Burch House, 96-98 North Sherwood Street, Nottingham, NG1 4EE, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dierickx P. Prediction of Human Acute Toxicity by the Hep G2/24-hour/Total Protein Assay, with Protein Measurement by the CBQCA Method. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 33:207-13. [PMID: 16180976 DOI: 10.1177/026119290503300304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In our previously described Hep G2/24-hour/total protein assay, protein levels were measured by using the Lowry method. This assay was the best acute in vitro assay for the prediction of human toxicity within the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) study. In order to increase the MEIC data-base with a wider range of chemicals, we were interested in introducing the more practical 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) method for the quantification of the total protein content. Therefore, we investigated whether the same good results for the prediction of acute human toxicity would be obtained with the CBQCA method. The cells were treated for 24 hours, then cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the total protein content with CBQCA. The results were quantified by using the PI50c: the concentration (in mM) of test compound required to reduce the total protein content measured with the CBQCA-method by 50% as compared to the control cells. The results were compared with the PI50, the corresponding value when the Lowry method was used. A relatively low correlation was observed between PI50 and PI50c, reflecting the large and unexpected, differences when using the two protein assays. However, when comparing the log PI50c with the human toxicity, a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.761 ( n = 44) was obtained for exactly the same series of MEIC chemicals. This value is clearly higher than that for the Lowry method ( r2 = 0.695). Compared to the Lowry method originally used, the Hep G2/24-hour/CBQCA total protein assay has the additional important advantage that it can be very easily adapted for large-scale analyses with robotic systems, including the on-line calculation of the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dierickx
- Instituut voor Volksgezondheid, Afdeling Toxikologie, Laboratorium Biochemische Toxikologie, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Prieto P, Baird AW, Blaauboer BJ, Castell Ripoll JV, Corvi R, Dekant W, Dietl P, Gennari A, Gribaldo L, Griffin JL, Hartung T, Heindel JJ, Hoet P, Jennings P, Marocchio L, Noraberg J, Pazos P, Westmoreland C, Wolf A, Wright J, Pfaller W. The Assessment of Repeated Dose ToxicityIn Vitro: A Proposed Approach. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 34:315-41. [PMID: 16831063 DOI: 10.1177/026119290603400307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Prieto
- ECVAM, Institute for Health & Consumer Protection, European Joint Research Centre, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fischer FC, Abele C, Droge STJ, Henneberger L, König M, Schlichting R, Scholz S, Escher BI. Cellular Uptake Kinetics of Neutral and Charged Chemicals in in Vitro Assays Measured by Fluorescence Microscopy. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:646-657. [PMID: 29939727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular uptake kinetics are key for understanding time-dependent chemical exposure in in vitro cell assays. Slow cellular uptake kinetics in relation to the total exposure time can considerably reduce the biologically effective dose. In this study, fluorescence microscopy combined with automated image analysis was applied for time-resolved quantification of cellular uptake of 10 neutral, anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic fluorophores in two reporter gene assays. The chemical fluorescence in the medium remained relatively constant during the 24-h assay duration, emphasizing that the proteins and lipids in the fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented to the assay medium represent a large reservoir of reversibly bound chemicals with the potential to compensate for chemical depletion by cell uptake, growth, and sorption to well materials. Hence FBS plays a role in stabilizing the cellular dose in a similar way as polymer-based passive dosing, here we term this process as serum-mediated passive dosing (SMPD). Neutral chemicals accumulated in the cells up to 12 times faster than charged chemicals. Increasing medium FBS concentrations accelerated uptake due to FBS-facilitated transport but led to lower cellular concentrations as a result of increased sorption to medium proteins and lipids. In vitro cell exposure results from the interaction of several extra- and intracellular processes, leading to variable and time-dependent exposure between different chemicals and assay setups. The medium FBS plays a crucial role for the thermodynamic equilibria as well as for the cellular uptake kinetics, hence influencing exposure. However, quantification of cellular exposure by an area under the curve (AUC) analysis illustrated that, for the evaluated bioassay setup, current in vitro exposure models that assume instantaneous equilibrium between medium and cells still reflect a realistic exposure because the AUC was typically reduced less than 20% compared to the cellular dose that would result from instantaneous equilibrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C Fischer
- Department of Cell Toxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Cedric Abele
- Department of Cell Toxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Steven T J Droge
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Luise Henneberger
- Department of Cell Toxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Maria König
- Department of Cell Toxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Rita Schlichting
- Department of Cell Toxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany.,Environmental Toxicology, Centre for Applied Geoscience , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chedik L, Bruyere A, Bacle A, Potin S, Le Vée M, Fardel O. Interactions of pesticides with membrane drug transporters: implications for toxicokinetics and toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:739-752. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1487398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chedik
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyere
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Astrid Bacle
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Pôle Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Potin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Pôle Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Le Vée
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Boonpawa R, Spenkelink A, Punt A, Rietjens IMCM. In vitro-in silico-based analysis of the dose-dependent in vivo oestrogenicity of the soy phytoestrogen genistein in humans. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2739-2757. [PMID: 28585232 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The in vivo oestrogenicity of genistein and its glycoside genistin is still under debate. The present study aimed to develop a physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model that provides insight in dose-dependent plasma concentrations of genistein aglycone and its metabolites and enables prediction of in vivo oestrogenic effective dose levels of genistein and genistin in humans. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A PBK model for genistein and genistin in humans was developed based on in vitro metabolic parameters. The model obtained was used to translate in vitro oestrogenic concentration-response curves of genistein to in vivo oestrogenic dose-response curves for intake of genistein and genistin. KEY RESULTS The model predicted that genistein-7-O-glucuronide was the major circulating metabolite and that levels of the free aglycone were generally low [0.5-17% of total plasma genistein at oral doses from 0.01 to 50 mg (kg·bw)-1 ]. The predicted in vivo benchmark dose for 5% response values for oestrogenicity varied between 0.06 and 4.39 mg kg-1 genistein. For genistin, these values were 1.3-fold higher. These values are in line with reported human data and show that oestrogenic responses can be expected at an Asian dietary and a supplementary intake, while intake resulting from a Western diet may not be effective. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present study shows how plasma concentrations of genistein and its metabolites and oestrogenic dose levels of genistein in humans can be predicted by combining in vitro oestrogenicity with PBK model-based reverse dosimetry, eliminating the need for human intervention studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rungnapa Boonpawa
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ans Punt
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fischer FC, Henneberger L, König M, Bittermann K, Linden L, Goss KU, Escher BI. Modeling Exposure in the Tox21 in Vitro Bioassays. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1197-1208. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C. Fischer
- Department
Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Henneberger
- Department
Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria König
- Department
Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai Bittermann
- Department
Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Linden
- Department
Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Goss
- Department
Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate I. Escher
- Department
Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Linden L, Goss KU, Endo S. 3D-QSAR predictions for bovine serum albumin-water partition coefficients of organic anions using quantum mechanically based descriptors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:261-269. [PMID: 28009898 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionic organic chemicals are a class of chemicals that is released in the environment in a large amount from anthropogenic sources. Among various chemical and biological processes, binding to serum albumin is particularly relevant for the toxicokinetic behavior of ionic chemicals. Several experimental studies showed that steric effects have a crucial influence on the sorption to bovine serum albumin (BSA). In this study, we investigated whether a 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model can accurately account for these steric effects by predicting the BSA-water partition coefficients (KBSA/water) of neutral and anionic organic chemicals. The 3D-QSAR tested here uses quantum mechanically derived local sigma profiles as descriptors. In general, the 3D-QSAR model was able to predict the partition coefficients of neutral and anionic chemicals with an acceptable quality (RMSEtest set 0.63 ± 0.10, Rtest set2 0.52 ± 0.15, both for log KBSA/water). Particularly notable is that steric effects that cause a large difference in the log KBSA/water values between isomers were successfully reproduced by the model. The prediction of unknown KBSA/water values with the proposed model should contribute to improved environmental and toxicological assessments of chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Linden
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Goss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany and University of Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Chemistry, Kurt Mothes Str. 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany and Osaka City University, Urban Research Plaza & Graduate School of Engineering, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, 558-8585 Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Boonpawa R, Spenkelink A, Punt A, Rietjens IMCM. Physiologically based kinetic modeling of hesperidin metabolism and its use to predict in vivo effective doses in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28218440 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE To develop a physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model that describes the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of hesperidin in humans, enabling the translation of in vitro concentration-response curves to in vivo dose-response curves. METHODS AND RESULTS The PBK model for hesperidin in humans was developed based on in vitro metabolic parameters. Hesperidin was predicted to mainly occur in the systemic circulation as different monoglucuronides. The plasma concentrations of hesperidin aglycone (hesperetin) was predicted to be <0.02 mg/L at an oral dose of 50 mg/kg bw. The developed PBK model allowed conversion of in vitro concentration-response curves for different effects to in vivo dose-response curves. The BMD05 (benchmark dose for 5% response) values for protein kinase A inhibition ranged between 135 and 529 mg/kg bw hesperidin, and for inhibition of endothelial cell migration and prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide production ranged between 2.19 and 44 mg/kg bw hesperidin. These values are in line with reported human data showing in vivo effects by hesperidin and show that these effects may occur at Western dietary and supplementary intake of hesperidin. CONCLUSIONS The developed PBK model adequately predicts absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of hesperidin in humans and allows to evaluate the human in vivo situation without the need for human intervention studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rungnapa Boonpawa
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertus Spenkelink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ans Punt
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Martins NMR, Anbu S, Mahmudov KT, Ravishankaran R, Guedes da Silva MFC, Martins LMDRS, Karande AA, Pombeiro AJL. DNA and BSA binding and cytotoxic properties of copper(ii) and iron(iii) complexes with arylhydrazone of ethyl 2-cyanoacetate or formazan ligands. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00420f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper(ii) and iron(iii) complexes with arylhydrazone of ethyl 2-cyanoacetate or formazan ligands show DNA and BSA binding and anticancer abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. R. Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais
- 1049-001 Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Sellamuthu Anbu
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais
- 1049-001 Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Kamran T. Mahmudov
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais
- 1049-001 Lisbon
- Portugal
| | | | - M. Fátima C. Guedes da Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais
- 1049-001 Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais
- 1049-001 Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Anjali A. Karande
- Department of Biochemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560 012
- India
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais
- 1049-001 Lisbon
- Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li H, Zhang M, Vervoort J, Rietjens IMCM, van Ravenzwaay B, Louisse J. Use of physiologically based kinetic modeling-facilitated reverse dosimetry of in vitro toxicity data for prediction of in vivo developmental toxicity of tebuconazole in rats. Toxicol Lett 2016; 266:85-93. [PMID: 27890808 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Toxicological hazard and risk assessment largely rely on animal testing. For economic and ethical reasons, the development and validation of reliable alternative methods for these animal studies, such as in vitro assays, are urgently needed. In vitro concentration-response curves, however, need to be translated into in vivo dose-response curves for risk assessment purposes. In the present study, we translated in vitro concentration-response data of the antifungal compound tebuconazole, obtained in the ES-D3 cell differentiation assay, into predicted in vivo dose-response data for developmental toxicity using physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modeling-facilitated reverse dosimetry. Using the predicted in vivo dose-response data BMD(L)10 values for developmental toxicity in rat were calculated and compared with NOAEL values for developmental toxicity data in rats as reported in the literature. The results show that the BMDL10 value from predicted dose-response data are a reasonable approximation of the NOAEL values (ca. 3-fold difference). It is concluded that PBK modeling-facilitated reverse dosimetry of in vitro toxicity data is a promising tool to predict in vivo dose-response curves and may have the potential to define a point of departure for deriving safe exposure limits in risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hequn Li
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bennard van Ravenzwaay
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Z 470, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Koureas M, Karagkouni F, Rakitskii V, Hadjichristodoulou C, Tsatsakis A, Tsakalof A. Serum levels of organochlorine pesticides in the general population of Thessaly, Greece, determined by HS-SPME GC-MS method. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:318-321. [PMID: 27107243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, exposure levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCs) were determined in general population residing in Larissa, central Greece. Serum samples from 103 volunteers were analyzed by optimized headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, to detect and quantify OC levels. The most frequently detected analytes were p,p'-DDE (frequency 99%, median:1.25ng/ml) and Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (frequency 69%, median: 0.13ng/ml). Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship of p,p'-DDE and HCB levels with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Koureas
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakyriazi Street, Larissa 41222, Greece
| | - Foteini Karagkouni
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakyriazi Street, Larissa 41222, Greece
| | - Valerii Rakitskii
- Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mitischy, Russia
| | - Christos Hadjichristodoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakyriazi Street, Larissa 41222, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete, Medical School, Crete 71409, Greece
| | - Andreas Tsakalof
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakyriazi Street, Larissa 41222, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Henneberger L, Goss KU, Endo S. Equilibrium Sorption of Structurally Diverse Organic Ions to Bovine Serum Albumin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5119-5126. [PMID: 27098963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b06176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Reliable partitioning data are essential for assessing the bioaccumulation potential and the toxicity of chemicals. In contrast to neutral organic chemicals, the partitioning behavior of ionogenic organic chemicals (IOCs) is still a black box for environmental scientists. Partitioning to serum albumin, the major protein in blood plasma, strongly influences the freely dissolved concentration of many chemicals (including IOCs), which affects their transport and distribution in the body. Because consistent data sets for partitioning of IOCs are rarely available, bovine serum albumin-water partition coefficients (KBSA/w) were measured in this study for 45 anionic and 4 cationic organic chemicals, including various substituted benzoic and naphthoic acids, sulfonates and several pesticides and pharmaceuticals. The results of this study suggest that binding to BSA is substantially influenced by the three-dimensional structure of the chemicals and the position of substitutions on the sorbing molecules. For example, we found a difference of >1.5 log units between isomeric chemicals such as 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid and 2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid, and 1-naphthoic acid and 2-naphthoic acid. Conventional modeling approaches (e.g., based on octanol-water partition coefficients) poorly predict log KBSA/w of organic ions (R(2) ≤ 0.5), partially because they do not capture the observed steric effects. Hence, alternative modeling strategies will be required for accurate prediction of serum albumin-water partition coefficients of organic ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luise Henneberger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Goss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
- University of Halle-Wittenberg , Institute of Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Osaka City University , Urban Research Plaza & Graduate School of Engineering, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, 558-8585 Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
The in vitro biokinetics of chlorpromazine and diazepam in aggregating rat brain cell cultures after repeated exposure. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:185-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
36
|
Hendriks HS, Westerink RH. Neurotoxicity and risk assessment of brominated and alternative flame retardants. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 52:248-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
37
|
Lammel T, Boisseaux P, Navas JM. Potentiating effect of graphene nanomaterials on aromatic environmental pollutant-induced cytochrome P450 1A expression in the topminnow fish hepatoma cell line PLHC-1. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:1192-1204. [PMID: 24706484 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives are an emerging class of carbon nanomaterial with great potential for a broad range of industrial and consumer applications. However, their increasing production and use is expected to result in release of nano-sized graphene platelets into the environment, where they may interact with chemical pollutants modifying their fate and toxic potential. The objective of this study was to assess whether graphene nanoplatelets can act as vector for aromatic environmental pollutants increasing their cellular uptake and associated hazardous effects in vitro. For this purpose, cell cultures of the topminnow fish (Poeciliopsis lucida) hepatoma cell line PLHC-1 were simultaneously (and successively) exposed to graphene nanoplatelets (graphene oxide (GO) or carboxyl graphene (CXYG)) and an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist (β-naphthoflavone (β-NF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) or 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB169)). Following exposure cytochrome P450 1A (Cyp1A) induction was assessed by measuring cyp1A mRNA expression levels using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Cyp1A-dependent ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity. It was observed that pre- and co-exposure of cells to GO and CXYG nanoplatelets had a potentiating effect on β-NF, BkF, and PCB169-dependent Cyp1A induction suggesting that graphene nanoplatelets increase the effective concentration of AhR agonists by facilitating their passive diffusion into the cells by damaging the cells' plasma membrane and/or by transporting them over the plasma membrane via a Trojan horse-like mechanism. The results demonstrate the existence of combination effects between nanomaterials and environmental pollutants and stress the importance of considering these effects when evaluating their respective hazard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lammel
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Boisseaux
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Doskey CM, van ‘t Erve TJ, Wagner BA, Buettner GR. Moles of a Substance per Cell Is a Highly Informative Dosing Metric in Cell Culture. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132572. [PMID: 26172833 PMCID: PMC4501792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The biological consequences upon exposure of cells in culture to a dose of xenobiotic are not only dependent on biological variables, but also the physical aspects of experiments e.g. cell number and media volume. Dependence on physical aspects is often overlooked due to the unrecognized ambiguity in the dominant metric used to express exposure, i.e. initial concentration of xenobiotic delivered to the culture medium over the cells. We hypothesize that for many xenobiotics, specifying dose as moles per cell will reduce this ambiguity. Dose as moles per cell can also provide additional information not easily obtainable with traditional dosing metrics. Methods Here, 1,4-benzoquinone and oligomycin A are used as model compounds to investigate moles per cell as an informative dosing metric. Mechanistic insight into reactions with intracellular molecules, differences between sequential and bolus addition of xenobiotic and the influence of cell volume and protein content on toxicity are also investigated. Results When the dose of 1,4-benzoquinone or oligomycin A was specified as moles per cell, toxicity was independent of the physical conditions used (number of cells, volume of medium). When using moles per cell as a dose-metric, direct quantitative comparisons can be made between biochemical or biological endpoints and the dose of xenobiotic applied. For example, the toxicity of 1,4-benzoquinone correlated inversely with intracellular volume for all five cell lines exposed (C6, MDA-MB231, A549, MIA PaCa-2, and HepG2). Conclusions Moles per cell is a useful and informative dosing metric in cell culture. This dosing metric is a scalable parameter that: can reduce ambiguity between experiments having different physical conditions; provides additional mechanistic information; allows direct comparison between different cells; affords a more uniform platform for experimental design; addresses the important issue of repeatability of experimental results, and could increase the translatability of information gained from in vitro experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Doskey
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. van ‘t Erve
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Brett A. Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Garry R. Buettner
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gülden M, Schreiner J, Seibert H. In vitro toxicity testing with microplate cell cultures: Impact of cell binding. Toxicology 2015; 332:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
40
|
Harrill JA, Robinette BL, Freudenrich TM, Mundy WR. Media formulation influences chemical effects on neuronal growth and morphology. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:612-29. [PMID: 25678462 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Screening for developmental neurotoxicity using in vitro, cell-based systems has been proposed as an efficient alternative to performing in vivo studies. One tool currently used for developmental neurotoxicity screening is automated high-content imaging of neuronal morphology. While high-content imaging (HCI) has been demonstrated to be useful in detection of potential developmental neurotoxicants, comparison of results between laboratories or assays can be complicated due to methodological differences. In order to determine whether high-content imaging-based developmental neurotoxicity assays can be affected by differences in media formulation, a systematic comparison of serum-supplemented (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's media (DMEM) + 10% serum) and serum-free (Neurobasal A + B27) culture media on neuronal morphology was performed using primary rat cortical neurons. Concentration-response assays for neuritogenesis, axon and dendrite outgrowth, and synaptogenesis were performed in each media type using chemicals with previously demonstrated effects. Marked qualitative and quantitative differences in the characteristics of neurons cultured in the two media types were observed, with increased neuronal growth and less basal cell death in Neurobasal A + B27. Media formulation also affected assay sensitivity and selectivity. Increases in assay sensitivity were observed in Neurobasal A + B27 media as compared to serum-supplemented DMEM. In some instances, a greater difference between effective concentrations for cell death and neurodevelopmental-specific endpoints was also observed in Neurobasal A + B27 media as compared to serum-supplemented DMEM. These data show that media formulation must be considered when comparing data for similar endpoints between studies. Neuronal culture maintained in Neurobasal A + B27 media had several features advantageous for HCI applications including less basal cell death, less cell clustering and neurite fasciculation, and a tendency towards increased sensitivity and selectivity in chemical concentration-response studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Harrill
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Improving in vitro to in vivo extrapolation by incorporating toxicokinetic measurements: A case study of lindane-induced neurotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 283:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
42
|
Mäenpää K, Leppänen MT, Figueiredo K, Tigistu-Sahle F, Käkelä R. Sorptive capacity of membrane lipids, storage lipids, and proteins: a preliminary study of partitioning of organochlorines in lean fish from a PCB-contaminated freshwater lake. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 68:193-203. [PMID: 25129121 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on the internal distribution of halogenated organic chemicals (HOCs) would improve our understanding of dose-effect relationships and subsequently improve risk assessment of contaminated sites. Herein, we determine the concentrations of HOCs based on equilibrium partitioning in storage lipids, membrane lipids, and proteins in field-contaminated fish using equilibrium sampling devices. The study shows the importance of protein as a sorptive phase in lean fish. Our results provide a basis for using species-specific equilibrium partitioning coefficients between sorptive tissues and fish internal water as a substitute for K(ow) in, for example, upgrading models that simulate food-chain accumulation of the chemical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Mäenpää
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Barbosa DJ, Capela JP, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carvalho F. In vitro models for neurotoxicology research. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 4:801-842. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system has a highly complex organization, including many cell types with multiple functions, with an intricate anatomy and unique structural and functional characteristics; the study of its (dys)functionality following exposure to xenobiotics, neurotoxicology, constitutes an important issue in neurosciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel José Barbosa
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - João Paulo Capela
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Félix Carvalho
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang Y, Zhang GY, Han QL, Wang J, Li Y, Yu CH, Li YR, Yi ZC. Phenolic metabolites of benzene induced caspase-dependent cytotoxicities to K562 cells accompanied with decrease in cell surface sialic acids. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1437-1451. [PMID: 23776099 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzene-induced erythropoietic depression has been proposed to be due to the production of toxic metabolites. Presently, the cytotoxicities of benzene metabolites, including phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, and 1,2,4-benzenetriol, to erythroid progenitor-like K562 cells were investigated. After exposure to these metabolites, K562 cells showed significant inhibition of viability and apoptotic characteristics. Each metabolite caused a significant increase in activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and pretreatment with caspase-3, -8, and -9 inhibitors significantly inhibited benzene metabolites-induced phosphatidylserine exposure. These metabolites also elevated expression of Fas and FasL on the cell surface. After exposure to benzene metabolites, K562 cells showed an increase in reactive oxygen species level, and pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine significantly protected against the cytotoxicity of each metabolite. Interestingly, the control K562 cells and the phenol-exposed cells aggregated together, but the cells exposed to other metabolites were scattered. Further analysis showed that hydroquione, catechol, and 1,2,4-benzenetriol induced a decrease in the cell surface sialic acid levels and an increase in the cell surface sialidase activity, but phenol did not cause any changes in sialic acid levels and sialidase activity. Consistently, an increase in expression level of sialidase Neu3 mRNA and a decrease in mRNA level of sialyltransferase ST3GAL3 gene were detected in hydroquione-, catechol-, or 1,2,4-benzenetriol-treated cells, but no change in mRNA levels of two genes were found in phenol-treated cells. In conclusion, these benzene metabolites could induce apoptosis of K562 cells mainly through caspase-8-dependent pathway and ROS production, and sialic acid metabolism might play a role in the apoptotic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Armitage JM, Wania F, Arnot JA. Application of mass balance models and the chemical activity concept to facilitate the use of in vitro toxicity data for risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:9770-9. [PMID: 25014875 DOI: 10.1021/es501955g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Practical, financial, and ethical considerations related to conducting extensive animal testing have resulted in various initiatives to promote and expand the use of in vitro testing data for chemical evaluations. Nominal concentrations in the aqueous phase corresponding to an effect (or biological activity) are commonly reported and used to characterize toxicity (or biological response). However, the true concentration in the aqueous phase can be substantially different from the nominal. To support in vitro test design and aid the interpretation of in vitro toxicity data, we developed a mass balance model that can be parametrized and applied to represent typical in vitro test systems. The model calculates the mass distribution, freely dissolved concentrations, and cell/tissue concentrations corresponding to the initial nominal concentration and experimental conditions specified by the user. Chemical activity, a metric which can be used to assess the potential for baseline toxicity to occur, is also calculated. The model is first applied to a set of hypothetical chemicals to illustrate the degree to which test conditions (e.g., presence or absence of serum) influence the distribution of the chemical in the test system. The model is then applied to set of 1194 real substances (predominantly from the ToxCast chemical database) to calculate the potential range of concentrations and chemical activities under assumed test conditions. The model demonstrates how both concentrations and chemical activities can vary by orders of magnitude for the same nominal concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Armitage
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang YQ, Tan CY, Zhuang SL, Zhai PZ, Cui Y, Zhou QH, Zhang HM, Fei Z. In vitro and in silico investigations of the binding interactions between chlorophenols and trypsin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 278:55-65. [PMID: 24953936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Being the first-degree toxic pollutants, chlorophenols (CP) have potential carcinogenic and mutagenic activity and toxicity. Since there still lacks studies on molecular interactions of chlorophenols with trypsin, one major binding target of many exogenous environmental pollutants, the binding interactions between five chlorophenols, 2-CP, 2,6-DCP, 2,4,6-TCP, 2,4,6-TCP, 2,3,4,6-TCP and PCP and trypsin were characterized by the combination of multispectroscopic techniques and molecular modeling. The chlorophenols bind at the one main site of trypsin and the binding induces the changes of microenvironment and global conformations of trypsin. Different number of chloride atoms significantly affects the binding and the binding constants KA ranks as KA (2-CP) < KA (2,6-DCP) ≈ KA (2,4,6-TCP) < KA (2,3,4,6-TCP) < KA (PCP). These chlorophenols interacts with trypsin mainly through hydrophobic interactions and via hydrogen bonding interactions and aromatic-aromatic π-π stacking interaction. Our results offer insights into the binding mechanism of chlorophenols with trypsin and provide important information for possible toxicity risk of chlorophenols to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng City 224002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City 224002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Yun Tan
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City 224002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Lin Zhuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Zhan Zhai
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City 224002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Cui
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City 224002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Hua Zhou
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City 224002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City 224002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghao Fei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng City 224002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City 224002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hill A, Payne CK. Impact of Serum Proteins on MRI Contrast Agents: Cellular Binding and T 2 relaxation. RSC Adv 2014; 4:31735-31744. [PMID: 25485101 DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) used as MRI contrast agents or for theranostic applications encounter a complex mixture of extracellular proteins that adsorb on the SPION surface forming a protein corona. Our goal was to understand how cellular binding and T2 relaxation times are affected by this protein corona. Our studies focused on carboxymethyl dextran-modified SPIONs, chosen for their similarity to Resovist SPIONs used to detect liver lesions. Using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we find that the cellular binding of SPIONs to both macrophages and epithelial cells is significantly inhibited by serum proteins. To determine if this decreased binding is due to the iron oxide core or the carboxymethyl dextran surface coating, we functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles with a similar carboxymethyl dextran coating. We find a comparable decrease in cellular binding for the carboxymethyl dextran-polystyrene nanoparticles indicating that the carbohydrate surface modification is the key factor in SPION-cell interactions. NMR measurements showed that T2 relaxation times are not affected by corona formation. These results indicate that SPIONs have a decreased binding to cells under physiological conditions, possibly limiting their use in theranostic applications. We expect these results will be useful in the design of SPIONs for future diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hill
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
| | - Christine K Payne
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Strikwold M, Spenkelink B, Woutersen RA, Rietjens IMCM, Punt A. Combining in vitro embryotoxicity data with physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling to define in vivo dose-response curves for developmental toxicity of phenol in rat and human. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1709-23. [PMID: 23943240 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In vitro assays are often used for the hazard characterisation of compounds, but their application for quantitative risk assessment purposes is limited. This is because in vitro assays cannot provide a complete in vivo dose-response curve from which a point of departure (PoD) for risk assessment can be derived, like the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or the 95 % lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose (BMDL). To overcome this constraint, the present study combined in vitro data with a physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model applying reverse dosimetry. To this end, embryotoxicity of phenol was evaluated in vitro using the embryonic stem cell test (EST), revealing a concentration-dependent inhibition of differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes. In addition, a PBK model was developed on the basis of in vitro and in silico data and data available from the literature only. After evaluating the PBK model performance, effective concentrations (ECx) obtained with the EST served as an input for in vivo plasma concentrations in the PBK model. Applying PBK-based reverse dosimetry provided in vivo external effective dose levels (EDx) from which an in vivo dose-response curve and a PoD for risk assessment were derived. The predicted PoD lies within the variation of the NOAELs obtained from in vivo developmental toxicity data from the literature. In conclusion, the present study showed that it was possible to accurately predict a PoD for the risk assessment of phenol using in vitro toxicity data combined with reverse PBK modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marije Strikwold
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Di Guardo A, Hermens JLM. Challenges for exposure prediction in ecological risk assessment. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2013; 9:e4-e14. [PMID: 23610044 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating organism exposure in the ecosystems is a difficult task and can be carried out measuring or predicting concentrations in the environment. Although current regulatory approaches favor a modeling approach, they either use a static representation of the environment and of the chemical discharge or a simplified dynamic approach (e.g., dealing with pesticides). Improving the ecological realism of exposure prediction offers a number of challenges. Some are related to the understanding of basic mechanisms such as bioavailability and the determination of internal exposure or the need to develop new paradigms for polar and ionized chemicals. Other issues are the need to provide monitoring data to understand the environmental fate of chemical mixtures, polar and ionized chemicals and metabolites, to understand the complexity of exposure in spatially and temporally variable environments. Exposure models require the development of suitable approaches to simulate the complexity of exposure in the ecosystems including the development of a variety of temporal and spatial scenarios and the integration of submodels (such as aquatic and terrestrial food webs). Finally, the integration of dynamic exposure and effect models is envisaged to fully carry out a more realistic ecological risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
In vitro biokinetics of chlorpromazine and the influence of different dose metrics on effect concentrations for cytotoxicity in Balb/c 3T3, Caco-2 and HepaRG cell cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1057-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|