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Ricci A, Rubino E, Serra GP, Wallén-Mackenzie Å. Concerning neuromodulation as treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorder: Insights gained from selective targeting of the subthalamic nucleus, para-subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2024; 256:110003. [PMID: 38789078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Neuromodulation such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) is advancing as a clinical intervention in several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, tremor, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for which DBS is already applied to alleviate severely afflicted individuals of symptoms. Tourette syndrome and drug addiction are two additional disorders for which DBS is in trial or proposed as treatment. However, some major remaining obstacles prevent this intervention from reaching its full therapeutic potential. Side-effects have been reported, and not all DBS-treated individuals are relieved of their symptoms. One major target area for DBS electrodes is the subthalamic nucleus (STN) which plays important roles in motor, affective and associative functions, with impact on for example movement, motivation, impulsivity, compulsivity, as well as both reward and aversion. The multifunctionality of the STN is complex. Decoding the anatomical-functional organization of the STN could enhance strategic targeting in human patients. The STN is located in close proximity to zona incerta (ZI) and the para-subthalamic nucleus (pSTN). Together, the STN, pSTN and ZI form a highly heterogeneous and clinically important brain area. Rodent-based experimental studies, including opto- and chemogenetics as well as viral-genetic tract tracings, provide unique insight into complex neuronal circuitries and their impact on behavior with high spatial and temporal precision. This research field has advanced tremendously over the past few years. Here, we provide an inclusive review of current literature in the pre-clinical research fields centered around STN, pSTN and ZI in laboratory mice and rats; the three highly heterogeneous and enigmatic structures brought together in the context of relevance for treatment strategies. Specific emphasis is placed on methods of manipulation and behavioral impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ricci
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Eleonora Rubino
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Gian Pietro Serra
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Åsa Wallén-Mackenzie
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Soh C, Hervault M, Chalkley NH, Moore CM, Rohl A, Zhang Q, Uc EY, Greenlee JDW, Wessel JR. The human subthalamic nucleus transiently inhibits active attentional processes. Brain 2024; 147:3204-3215. [PMID: 38436939 PMCID: PMC11370801 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the basal ganglia is key to the inhibitory control of movement. Consequently, it is a primary target for the neurosurgical treatment of movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, where modulating the STN via deep brain stimulation (DBS) can release excess inhibition of thalamocortical motor circuits. However, the STN is also anatomically connected to other thalamocortical circuits, including those underlying cognitive processes like attention. Notably, STN-DBS can also affect these processes. This suggests that the STN may also contribute to the inhibition of non-motor activity and that STN-DBS may cause changes to this inhibition. Here we tested this hypothesis in humans. We used a novel, wireless outpatient method to record intracranial local field potentials (LFP) from STN DBS implants during a visual attention task (Experiment 1, n = 12). These outpatient measurements allowed the simultaneous recording of high-density EEG, which we used to derive the steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), a well established neural index of visual attentional engagement. By relating STN activity to this neural marker of attention (instead of overt behaviour), we avoided possible confounds resulting from STN's motor role. We aimed to test whether the STN contributes to the momentary inhibition of the SSVEP caused by unexpected, distracting sounds. Furthermore, we causally tested this association in a second experiment, where we modulated STN via DBS across two sessions of the task, spaced at least 1 week apart (n = 21, no sample overlap with Experiment 1). The LFP recordings in Experiment 1 showed that reductions of the SSVEP after distracting sounds were preceded by sound-related γ-frequency (>60 Hz) activity in the STN. Trial-to-trial modelling further showed that this STN activity statistically mediated the sounds' suppressive effect on the SSVEP. In Experiment 2, modulating STN activity via DBS significantly reduced these sound-related SSVEP reductions. This provides causal evidence for the role of the STN in the surprise-related inhibition of attention. These findings suggest that the human STN contributes to the inhibition of attention, a non-motor process. This supports a domain-general view of the inhibitory role of the STN. Furthermore, these findings also suggest a potential mechanism underlying some of the known cognitive side effects of STN-DBS treatment, especially on attentional processes. Finally, our newly established outpatient LFP recording technique facilitates the testing of the role of subcortical nuclei in complex cognitive tasks, alongside recordings from the rest of the brain, and in much shorter time than peri-surgical recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Soh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Cognitive Control Collaborative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mario Hervault
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Cognitive Control Collaborative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nathan H Chalkley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Cognitive Control Collaborative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Cathleen M Moore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrea Rohl
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ergun Y Uc
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Neurology Service, Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | | | - Jan R Wessel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Cognitive Control Collaborative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Hara M, Matsuishi T, Takahashi S, Yamashita Y. Sertraline treatment for paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia comorbid with anxiety and depression. eNeurologicalSci 2024; 36:100520. [PMID: 39211314 PMCID: PMC11359980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2024.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Familial paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia, which is a major form of paroxysmal dyskinesias, is characterized by intermittent attacks that include one side, subsequently spreading to the other side, involving the limbs and face, and is triggered by caffeine, alcohol, emotional stress, fatigue, and sleep deprivation, but not by sudden movement. A 26-year-old man had experienced dystonic movements and a choreiform right arm spreading to his arms, legs, and face since the age of one year. Oral dyskinesias and, rarely, dysarthria were also observed. Attacks lasting approximately five minutes occurred several times per day. Over three generations, his family members inherited a c.26C > T (p. Ala9Val) missense mutation in exon 1 of PNKD/MR-1 in an autosomal dominant manner and reported similar symptoms with clinical manifestations ranging from mild to severe. His scores on the Self-Rating Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Profile of Mood States were high. This suggests that the patient also had comorbidities of anxiety and depression. The patient's attacks decreased from two times per week to once every two months, and his State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score decreased by 5-10 points on treatment with clonazepam and sertraline, allowing his condition to become stable enough that he was able to participate in society. Drug therapy with clonazepam and sertraline is the preferred treatment for reducing attacks in PNKD patients with strong anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munetsugu Hara
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Disease, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Toyojiro Matsuishi
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Disease, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University School of Medicine, Midorigaoka-higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Disease, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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Kase D, Zimnik AJ, Han Y, Harsch DR, Bacha S, Cox KM, Bostan AC, Richardson RM, Turner RS. Movement-related activity in the internal globus pallidus of the parkinsonian macaque. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.29.610310. [PMID: 39257740 PMCID: PMC11383679 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.29.610310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Although the basal ganglia (BG) plays a central role in the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, few studies have investigated the influence of parkinsonism on movement-related activity in the BG. Here, we studied the perimovement activity of neurons in globus pallidus internus (GPi) of non-human primates before and after the induction of parkinsonism by administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Neuronal responses were equally common in the parkinsonian brain as seen prior to MPTP and the distribution of different response types was largely unchanged. The slowing of behavioral reaction times and movement durations following the induction of parkinsonism was accompanied by a prolongation of the time interval between neuronal response onset and movement initiation. Neuronal responses were also reduced in magnitude and prolonged in duration after the induction of parkinsonism. Importantly, those two effects were more pronounced among decrease-type responses, and they persisted after controlling for MPTP-induced changes in the trial-by-trial timing of neuronal responses. Following MPTP The timing of neuronal responses also became uncoupled from the time of movement onset and more variable from trial-to-trial. Overall, the effects of MPTP on temporal features of neural responses correlated most consistently with the severity of parkinsonian motor impairments whereas the changes in response magnitude and duration were either anticorrelated with symptom severity or inconsistent. These findings point to a potential previously underappreciated role for abnormalities in the timing of GPi task-related activity in the generation of parkinsonian motor signs. New & Noteworthy Perimovement responses were present in the parkinsonian GPi at roughly the same overall abundance as seen in the neurologically normal state. Nonetheless, parkinsonism was associated with three abnormalities in perimovement activity: 1) Timings of GPi response became uncoupled from movement onset both with respect to both mean latency and trial-to-trial timing variability. 2) Response magnitudes were attenuated. 3) Response durations were prolonged. The effects on both response magnitude and duration were accentuated in decrease-type responses.
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Ryan MB, Girasole AE, Flores AJ, Twedell EL, McGregor MM, Brakaj R, Paletzki RF, Hnasko TS, Gerfen CR, Nelson AB. Excessive firing of dyskinesia-associated striatal direct pathway neurons is gated by dopamine and excitatory synaptic input. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114483. [PMID: 39024096 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The striatum integrates dopaminergic and glutamatergic inputs to select preferred versus alternative actions. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. One way to study action selection is to understand how it breaks down in pathological states. Here, we explored the cellular and synaptic mechanisms of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a complication of Parkinson's disease therapy characterized by involuntary movements. We used an activity-dependent tool (FosTRAP) in conjunction with a mouse model of LID to investigate functionally distinct subsets of striatal direct pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs). In vivo, levodopa differentially activates dyskinesia-associated (TRAPed) dMSNs compared to other dMSNs. We found this differential activation of TRAPed dMSNs is likely to be driven by higher dopamine receptor expression, dopamine-dependent excitability, and excitatory input from the motor cortex and thalamus. Together, these findings suggest how the intrinsic and synaptic properties of heterogeneous dMSN subpopulations integrate to support action selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Ryan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Allison E Girasole
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrew J Flores
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Emily L Twedell
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Matthew M McGregor
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Rea Brakaj
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ronald F Paletzki
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas S Hnasko
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Charles R Gerfen
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra B Nelson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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6
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Syed DS, Ravbar P, Simpson JH. Inhibitory circuits generate rhythms for leg movements during Drosophila grooming. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597468. [PMID: 38895414 PMCID: PMC11185647 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Limbs execute diverse actions coordinated by the nervous system through multiple motor programs. The basic architecture of motor neurons that activate muscles that articulate joints for antagonistic flexion and extension movements is conserved from flies to vertebrates. While excitatory premotor circuits are expected to establish sets of leg motor neurons that work together, our study uncovered a new instructive role for inhibitory circuits: their ability to generate rhythmic leg movements. Using electron microscopy data for the Drosophila nerve cord, we categorized ~120 GABAergic inhibitory neurons from the 13A and 13B hemi-lineages into classes based on similarities in morphology and connectivity. By mapping their synaptic partners, we uncovered pathways for inhibiting specific groups of motor neurons, disinhibiting antagonistic counterparts, and inducing alternation between flexion and extension. We tested the function of specific inhibitory neurons through optogenetic activation and silencing, using an in-depth ethological analysis of leg movements during grooming. We combined anatomy and behavior analysis findings to construct a computational model that can reproduce major aspects of the observed behavior, confirming the sufficiency of these premotor inhibitory circuits to generate rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durafshan Sakeena Syed
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Primoz Ravbar
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Julie H. Simpson
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Lead Contact
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Clapp M, Bahuguna J, Giossi C, Rubin JE, Verstynen T, Vich C. CBGTPy: An extensible cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic framework for modeling biological decision making. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.05.556301. [PMID: 37732280 PMCID: PMC10508778 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we introduce CBGTPy, a virtual environment for designing and testing goal-directed agents with internal dynamics that are modeled on the cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamic (CBGT) pathways in the mammalian brain. CBGTPy enables researchers to investigate the internal dynamics of the CBGT system during a variety of tasks, allowing for the formation of testable predictions about animal behavior and neural activity. The framework has been designed around the principle of flexibility, such that many experimental parameters in a decision making paradigm can be easily defined and modified. Here we demonstrate the capabilities of CBGTPy across a range of single and multi-choice tasks, highlighting the ease of set up and the biologically realistic behavior that it produces. We show that CBGTPy is extensible enough to apply to a range of experimental protocols and to allow for the implementation of model extensions with minimal developmental effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Clapp
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jyotika Bahuguna
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cristina Giossi
- Departament de Ciències Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
- Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code, Palma, Spain
| | - Jonathan E. Rubin
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Timothy Verstynen
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Catalina Vich
- Departament de Ciències Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
- Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code, Palma, Spain
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Vigneswaran C, Nair SS, Chakravarthy VS. A Basal Ganglia model for understanding working memory functions in healthy and Parkinson's conditions. Cogn Neurodyn 2024; 18:1913-1929. [PMID: 39104688 PMCID: PMC11297868 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-10056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is considered as the scratchpad for reading, writing, and processing information necessary to perform cognitive tasks. The Basal Ganglia (BG) and Prefrontal Cortex are two important parts of the brain that are involved in WM functions, and both structures receive projections from dopaminergic nuclei. In this modelling study, we specifically focus on modelling the WM functions of the BG, the WM deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) conditions, and the impact of dopamine deficiency on different kinds of WM functions. Though there are many experimental and modelling studies of WM properties, there is a paucity of models of the BG that provide insights into the contributions of the BG in WM functions. The proposed model of BG uses bistable flip-flop neurons to model striatal up-down neurons, a network of nonlinear oscillators to model the oscillations of the Indirect Pathway of BG and race-model for action selection. Five different WM tasks are used to demonstrate the generalisation ability of the proposed model. Experimental data from the four tasks are compared with model performance in both control and PD conditions. The model is extended to predict the response time of subjects and in the PD version of the model, the effect of dopaminergic medication on WM performance is also simulated. The proposed model of BG is a unified model that can explain the WM functions of the BG over a wide variety of tasks in both normal and PD conditions, and can be used to understand why specific WM functions are impaired whereas others remain intact in PD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-023-10056-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Vigneswaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Mehta Jyoti School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sandeep Sathyanandan Nair
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Mehta Jyoti School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Mehta Jyoti School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai, 600036 Tamil Nadu India
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Banuelos C, Creswell K, Walsh C, Manuck SB, Gianaros PJ, Verstynen T. D2 dopamine receptor expression, reactivity to rewards, and reinforcement learning in a complex value-based decision-making task. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae050. [PMID: 38988197 PMCID: PMC11281849 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Different dopamine (DA) subtypes have opposing dynamics at postsynaptic receptors, with the ratio of D1 to D2 receptors determining the relative sensitivity to gains and losses, respectively, during value-based learning. This effective sensitivity to different reward feedback interacts with phasic DA levels to determine the effectiveness of learning, particularly in dynamic feedback situations where the frequency and magnitude of rewards need to be integrated over time to make optimal decisions. We modeled this effect in simulations of the underlying basal ganglia pathways and then tested the predictions in individuals with a variant of the human dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2; -141C Ins/Del and Del/Del) gene that associates with lower levels of D2 receptor expression (N = 119) and compared their performance in the Iowa Gambling Task to noncarrier controls (N = 319). Ventral striatal (VS) reactivity to rewards was measured in the Cards task with fMRI. DRD2 variant carriers made less effective decisions than noncarriers, but this effect was not moderated by VS reward reactivity as is hypothesized by our model. These results suggest that the interaction between DA receptor subtypes and reactivity to rewards during learning may be more complex than originally thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Banuelos
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Kasey Creswell
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Catherine Walsh
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Stephen B Manuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Timothy Verstynen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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10
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Lazaridis I, Crittenden JR, Ahn G, Hirokane K, Yoshida T, Wickersham IR, Mahar A, Skara V, Loftus JH, Parvataneni K, Meletis K, Ting JT, Hueske E, Matsushima A, Graybiel AM. Striosomes Target Nigral Dopamine-Containing Neurons via Direct-D1 and Indirect-D2 Pathways Paralleling Classic Direct-Indirect Basal Ganglia Systems. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.01.596922. [PMID: 38915684 PMCID: PMC11195572 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.01.596922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Balanced activity of canonical direct D1 and indirect D2 basal ganglia pathways is considered a core requirement for normal movement, and their imbalance is an etiologic factor in movement and neuropsychiatric disorders. We present evidence for a conceptually equivalent pair of direct-D1 and indirect-D2 pathways that arise from striatal projection neurons (SPNs) of the striosome compartment rather than from SPNs of the matrix, as do the canonical pathways. These S-D1 and S-D2 striosomal pathways target substantia nigra dopamine-containing neurons instead of basal ganglia motor output nuclei. They modulate movement oppositely to the modulation by the canonical pathways: S-D1 is inhibitory and S-D2 is excitatory. The S-D1 and S-D2 circuits likely influence motivation for learning and action, complementing and reorienting canonical pathway modulation. A major conceptual reformulation of the classic direct-indirect pathway model of basal ganglia function is needed, as well as reconsideration of the effects of D2-targeting therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iakovos Lazaridis
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Jill R. Crittenden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Gun Ahn
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Kojiro Hirokane
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Tomoko Yoshida
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Ian R. Wickersham
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Ara Mahar
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | | | - Johnny H. Loftus
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Krishna Parvataneni
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | | | - Jonathan T. Ting
- Human Cell Types Dept, Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle WA 98109, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Emily Hueske
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Ayano Matsushima
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Ann M. Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
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11
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Sosis B, Rubin JE. Distinct dopaminergic spike-timing-dependent plasticity rules are suited to different functional roles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600372. [PMID: 38979377 PMCID: PMC11230239 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Various mathematical models have been formulated to describe the changes in synaptic strengths resulting from spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). A subset of these models include a third factor, dopamine, which interacts with the timing of pre- and postsynaptic spiking to contribute to plasticity at specific synapses, notably those from cortex to striatum at the input layer of the basal ganglia. Theoretical work to analyze these plasticity models has largely focused on abstract issues, such as the conditions under which they may promote synchronization and the weight distributions induced by inputs with simple correlation structures, rather than on scenarios associated with specific tasks, and has generally not considered dopamine-dependent forms of STDP. In this paper, we analyze, mathematically and with simulations, three forms of dopamine-modulated STDP in three scenarios that are relevant to corticostriatal synapses. Two of the models considered comprise previously proposed STDP rules with modifications to incorporate dopamine, while the third is a corticostriatal dopamine-dependent STDP rule adapted from a similar one already in the literature. We test the ability of each of the three models to maintain its weights in the face of noise and to complete simple reward prediction and action selection tasks, studying the learned weight distributions and corresponding task performance in each setting. Interestingly, we find that each of the three plasticity rules is well suited to a subset of the scenarios studied but falls short in others. These results show that different tasks may require different forms of synaptic plasticity, yielding the prediction that the precise form of the STDP mechanism may vary across regions of the striatum, and other brain areas impacted by dopamine, that are involved in distinct computational functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baram Sosis
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Rubin
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA USA
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12
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Chen X, Leach SC, Hollis J, Cellier D, Hwang K. Thalamocortical contributions to hierarchical cognitive control. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600427. [PMID: 38979282 PMCID: PMC11230235 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility relies on hierarchically structured task representations that organize task contexts, relevant environmental features, and subordinate decisions. Despite ongoing interest in the human thalamus, its role in cognitive control has been understudied. This study explored thalamic representation and thalamocortical interactions that contribute to hierarchical cognitive control in humans. We found that several thalamic nuclei, including the anterior, mediodorsal, ventrolateral, and pulvinar nuclei, exhibited stronger evoked responses when subjects switch between task contexts. Decoding analysis revealed that thalamic activity preferentially encodes task contexts within the hierarchical task representations. To determine how thalamocortical interactions contribute to task representations, we developed a thalamocortical functional interaction model to predict task-related cortical representation. This data-driven model outperformed comparison models, particularly in predicting activity patterns in cortical regions that encode context representations. Collectively, our findings highlight the significant contribution of thalamic activity and thalamocortical interactions for contextually guided hierarchical cognitive control.
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13
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Fujiyama F, Karube F, Hirai Y. Globus pallidus is not independent from striatal direct pathway neurons: an up-to-date review. Mol Brain 2024; 17:34. [PMID: 38849935 PMCID: PMC11157709 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Striatal projection neurons, which are classified into two groups-direct and indirect pathway neurons, play a pivotal role in our understanding of the brain's functionality. Conventional models propose that these two pathways operate independently and have contrasting functions, akin to an "accelerator" and "brake" in a vehicle. This analogy further elucidates how the depletion of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease can result in bradykinesia. However, the question arises: are these direct and indirect pathways truly autonomous? Despite being distinct types of neurons, their interdependence cannot be overlooked. Single-neuron tracing studies employing membrane-targeting signals have shown that the majority of direct pathway neurons terminate not only in the output nuclei, but also in the external segment of the globus pallidus (GP in rodents), a relay nucleus of the indirect pathway. Recent studies have unveiled the existence of arkypallidal neurons, which project solely to the striatum, in addition to prototypic neurons. This raises the question of which type of GP neurons receive these striatal axon collaterals. Our morphological and electrophysiological experiments showed that the striatal direct pathway neurons may affect prototypic neurons via the action of substance P on neurokinin-1 receptors. Conversely, another research group has reported that direct pathway neurons inhibit arkypallidal neurons via GABA. Regardless of the neurotransmitter involved, it can be concluded that the GP is not entirely independent of direct pathway neurons. This review article underscores the intricate interplay between different neuronal pathways and challenges the traditional understanding of their independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumino Fujiyama
- Laboratory of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Fuyuki Karube
- Laboratory of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yasuharu Hirai
- Laboratory of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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14
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Boerwinkle VL, Sussman BL, de Lima Xavier L, Wyckoff SN, Reuther W, Kruer MC, Arhin M, Fine JM. Motor network dynamic resting state fMRI connectivity of neurotypical children in regions affected by cerebral palsy. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1339324. [PMID: 38835646 PMCID: PMC11148452 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1339324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Normative childhood motor network resting-state fMRI effective connectivity is undefined, yet necessary for translatable dynamic resting-state-network-informed evaluation in pediatric cerebral palsy. Methods Cross-spectral dynamic causal modeling of resting-state-fMRI was investigated in 50 neurotypically developing 5- to 13-year-old children. Fully connected six-node network models per hemisphere included primary motor cortex, striatum, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus internus, thalamus, and contralateral cerebellum. Parametric Empirical Bayes with exhaustive Bayesian model reduction and Bayesian modeling averaging informed the model; Purdue Pegboard Test scores of hand motor behavior were the covariate at the group level to determine the effective-connectivity-functional behavior relationship. Results Although both hemispheres exhibited similar effective connectivity of motor cortico-basal ganglia-cerebellar networks, magnitudes were slightly greater on the right, except for left-sided connections of the striatum which were more numerous and of opposite polarity. Inter-nodal motor network effective connectivity remained consistent and robust across subjects. Age had a greater impact on connections to the contralateral cerebellum, bilaterally. Motor behavior, however, affected different connections in each hemisphere, exerting a more prominent effect on the left modulatory connections to the subthalamic nucleus, contralateral cerebellum, primary motor cortex, and thalamus. Discussion This study revealed a consistent pattern of directed resting-state effective connectivity in healthy children aged 5-13 years within the motor network, encompassing cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions, correlated with motor skill proficiency. Both hemispheres exhibited similar effective connectivity within motor cortico-basal ganglia-cerebellar networks reflecting inter-nodal signal direction predicted by other modalities, mainly differing from task-dependent studies due to network differences at rest. Notably, age-related changes were more pronounced in connections to the contralateral cerebellum. Conversely, motor behavior distinctly impacted connections in each hemisphere, emphasizing its role in modulating left sided connections to the subthalamic nucleus, contralateral cerebellum, primary motor cortex, and thalamus. Motor network effective connectivity was correlated with motor behavior, validating its physiological significance. This study is the first to evaluate a normative effective connectivity model for the pediatric motor network using resting-state functional MRI correlating with behavior and serves as a foundation for identifying abnormal findings and optimizing targeted interventions like deep brain stimulation, potentially influencing future therapeutic approaches for children with movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varina L Boerwinkle
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Bethany L Sussman
- Division of Neurosciences, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laura de Lima Xavier
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sarah N Wyckoff
- Division of Neurosciences, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Brainbox Inc., Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William Reuther
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Division of Neurosciences, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Departments of Child Health, Neurology, Genetics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Martin Arhin
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Justin M Fine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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15
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Manes JL, Bullock L, Meier AM, Turner RS, Richardson RM, Guenther FH. A neurocomputational view of the effects of Parkinson's disease on speech production. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1383714. [PMID: 38812472 PMCID: PMC11133703 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1383714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review the scientific literature concerning speech in Parkinson's disease (PD) with reference to the DIVA/GODIVA neurocomputational modeling framework. Within this theoretical view, the basal ganglia (BG) contribute to several different aspects of speech motor learning and execution. First, the BG are posited to play a role in the initiation and scaling of speech movements. Within the DIVA/GODIVA framework, initiation and scaling are carried out by initiation map nodes in the supplementary motor area acting in concert with the BG. Reduced support of the initiation map from the BG in PD would result in reduced movement intensity as well as susceptibility to early termination of movement. A second proposed role concerns the learning of common speech sequences, such as phoneme sequences comprising words; this view receives support from the animal literature as well as studies identifying speech sequence learning deficits in PD. Third, the BG may play a role in the temporary buffering and sequencing of longer speech utterances such as phrases during conversational speech. Although the literature does not support a critical role for the BG in representing sequence order (since incorrectly ordered speech is not characteristic of PD), the BG are posited to contribute to the scaling of individual movements in the sequence, including increasing movement intensity for emphatic stress on key words. Therapeutic interventions for PD have inconsistent effects on speech. In contrast to dopaminergic treatments, which typically either leave speech unchanged or lead to minor improvements, deep brain stimulation (DBS) can degrade speech in some cases and improve it in others. However, cases of degradation may be due to unintended stimulation of efferent motor projections to the speech articulators. Findings of spared speech after bilateral pallidotomy appear to indicate that any role played by the BG in adult speech must be supplementary rather than mandatory, with the sequential order of well-learned sequences apparently represented elsewhere (e.g., in cortico-cortical projections).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L. Manes
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Latané Bullock
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew M. Meier
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert S. Turner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - R. Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Frank H. Guenther
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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16
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Giossi C, Bahuguna J, Rubin JE, Verstynen T, Vich C. Arkypallidal neurons in the external globus pallidus can mediate inhibitory control by altering competition in the striatum. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592321. [PMID: 38746308 PMCID: PMC11092778 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Reactive inhibitory control is crucial for survival. Traditionally, this control in mammals was attributed solely to the hyperdirect pathway, with cortical control signals flowing unidirectionally from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) to basal ganglia output regions. Yet recent findings have put this model into question, suggesting that the STN is assisted in stopping actions through ascending control signals to the striatum mediated by the external globus pallidus (GPe). Here we investigate this suggestion by harnessing a biologically-constrained spiking model of the corticobasal ganglia-thalamic (CBGT) circuit that includes pallidostriatal pathways originating from arkypallidal neurons. Through a series of experiments probing the interaction between three critical inhibitory nodes (the STN, arkypallidal cells, and indirect path-way spiny projection neurons), we find that the GPe acts as a critical mediator of both ascending and descending inhibitory signals in the CBGT circuit. In particular, pallidostriatal pathways regulate this process by weakening the direct pathway dominance of the evidence accumulation process driving decisions, which increases the relative suppressive influence of the indirect pathway on basal ganglia output. These findings delineate how pallidostriatal pathways can facilitate action cancellation by managing the bidirectional flow of information within CBGT circuits.
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17
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Bush A, Zou JF, Lipski WJ, Kokkinos V, Richardson RM. Aperiodic components of local field potentials reflect inherent differences between cortical and subcortical activity. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae186. [PMID: 38725290 PMCID: PMC11082477 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Information flow in brain networks is reflected in local field potentials that have both periodic and aperiodic components. The 1/fχ aperiodic component of the power spectra tracks arousal and correlates with other physiological and pathophysiological states. Here we explored the aperiodic activity in the human thalamus and basal ganglia in relation to simultaneously recorded cortical activity. We elaborated on the parameterization of the aperiodic component implemented by specparam (formerly known as FOOOF) to avoid parameter unidentifiability and to obtain independent and more easily interpretable parameters. This allowed us to seamlessly fit spectra with and without an aperiodic knee, a parameter that captures a change in the slope of the aperiodic component. We found that the cortical aperiodic exponent χ, which reflects the decay of the aperiodic component with frequency, is correlated with Parkinson's disease symptom severity. Interestingly, no aperiodic knee was detected from the thalamus, the pallidum, or the subthalamic nucleus, which exhibited an aperiodic exponent significantly lower than in cortex. These differences were replicated in epilepsy patients undergoing intracranial monitoring that included thalamic recordings. The consistently lower aperiodic exponent and lack of an aperiodic knee from all subcortical recordings may reflect cytoarchitectonic and/or functional differences. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The aperiodic component of local field potentials can be modeled to produce useful and reproducible indices of neural activity. Here we refined a widely used phenomenological model for extracting aperiodic parameters (namely the exponent, offset and knee), with which we fit cortical, basal ganglia, and thalamic intracranial local field potentials, recorded from unique cohorts of movement disorders and epilepsy patients. We found that the aperiodic exponent in motor cortex is higher in Parkinson's disease patients with more severe motor symptoms, suggesting that aperiodic features may have potential as electrophysiological biomarkers for movement disorders symptoms. Remarkably, we found conspicuous differences in the aperiodic parameters of basal ganglia and thalamic signals compared to those from neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Bush
- Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jasmine F Zou
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Witold J Lipski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Vasileios Kokkinos
- Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Olivares E, Wilson CJ, Goldberg JA. Phase Delays between Mouse Globus Pallidus Neurons Entrained by Common Oscillatory Drive Arise from Their Intrinsic Properties, Not Their Coupling. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0187-24.2024. [PMID: 38755012 PMCID: PMC11134339 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0187-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of Parkinson's disease is the appearance of correlated oscillatory discharge throughout the cortico-basal ganglia (BG) circuits. In the primate globus pallidus (GP), where the discharge of GP neurons is normally uncorrelated, pairs of GP neurons exhibit oscillatory spike correlations with a broad distribution of pairwise phase delays in experimental parkinsonism. The transition to oscillatory correlations is thought to indicate the collapse of the normally segregated information channels traversing the BG. The large phase delays are thought to reflect pathological changes in synaptic connectivity in the BG. Here we study the structure and phase delays of spike correlations measured from neurons in the mouse external GP (GPe) subjected to identical 1-100 Hz sinusoidal drive but recorded in separate experiments. First, we found that spectral modes of a GPe neuron's empirical instantaneous phase response curve (iPRC) elucidate at what phases of the oscillatory drive the GPe neuron locks when it is entrained and the distribution of phases at which it spikes when it is not. Then, we show that in this case the pairwise spike cross-correlation equals the cross-correlation function of these spike phase distributions. Finally, we show that the distribution of GPe phase delays arises from the diversity of iPRCs and is broadened when the neurons become entrained. Modeling GPe networks with realistic intranuclear connectivity demonstrates that the connectivity decorrelates GPe neurons without affecting phase delays. Thus, common oscillatory input gives rise to GPe correlations whose structure and pairwise phase delays reflect their intrinsic properties captured by their iPRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Olivares
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Charles J Wilson
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Joshua A Goldberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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19
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Fernandino L, Binder JR. How does the "default mode" network contribute to semantic cognition? BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 252:105405. [PMID: 38579461 PMCID: PMC11135161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
This review examines whether and how the "default mode" network (DMN) contributes to semantic processing. We review evidence implicating the DMN in the processing of individual word meanings and in sentence- and discourse-level semantics. Next, we argue that the areas comprising the DMN contribute to semantic processing by coordinating and integrating the simultaneous activity of local neuronal ensembles across multiple unimodal and multimodal cortical regions, creating a transient, global neuronal ensemble. The resulting ensemble implements an integrated simulation of phenomenological experience - that is, an embodied situation model - constructed from various modalities of experiential memory traces. These situation models, we argue, are necessary not only for semantic processing but also for aspects of cognition that are not traditionally considered semantic. Although many aspects of this proposal remain provisional, we believe it provides new insights into the relationships between semantic and non-semantic cognition and into the functions of the DMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Fernandino
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
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20
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Giossi C, Rubin JE, Gittis A, Verstynen T, Vich C. Rethinking the external globus pallidus and information flow in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38659055 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
For decades, the external globus pallidus (GPe) has been viewed as a passive way-station in the indirect pathway of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic (CBGT) circuit, sandwiched between striatal inputs and basal ganglia outputs. According to this model, one-way descending striatal signals in the indirect pathway amplify the suppression of downstream thalamic nuclei by inhibiting GPe activity. Here, we revisit this assumption, in light of new and emerging work on the cellular complexity, connectivity and functional role of the GPe in behaviour. We show how, according to this new circuit-level logic, the GPe is ideally positioned for relaying ascending and descending control signals within the basal ganglia. Focusing on the problem of inhibitory control, we illustrate how this bidirectional flow of information allows for the integration of reactive and proactive control mechanisms during action selection. Taken together, this new evidence points to the GPe as being a central hub in the CBGT circuit, participating in bidirectional information flow and linking multifaceted control signals to regulate behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Giossi
- Departament de Ciències Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jonathan E Rubin
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aryn Gittis
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy Verstynen
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catalina Vich
- Departament de Ciències Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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21
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Lefebvre S, Gehrig G, Nadesalingam N, Nuoffer MG, Kyrou A, Wüthrich F, Walther S. The pathobiology of psychomotor slowing in psychosis: altered cortical excitability and connectivity. Brain 2024; 147:1423-1435. [PMID: 38537253 PMCID: PMC10994557 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychomotor slowing is a frequent symptom of schizophrenia. Short-interval intracortical inhibition assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation demonstrated inhibitory dysfunction in schizophrenia. The inhibitory deficit results from additional noise during information processing in the motor system in psychosis. Here, we tested whether cortical inhibitory dysfunction was linked to psychomotor slowing and motor network alterations. In this cross-sectional study, we included 60 patients with schizophrenia and psychomotor slowing determined by the Salpêtrière Retardation Rating Scale, 23 patients without slowing and 40 healthy control participants. We acquired single and double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation effects from the left primary motor cortex, resting-state functional connectivity and diffusion imaging on the same day. Groups were compared on resting motor threshold, amplitude of the motor evoked potentials, as well as short-interval intracortical inhibition. Regression analyses calculated the association between motor evoked potential amplitudes or cortical inhibition with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity from the left primary motor cortex and fractional anisotropy at whole brain level and within major motor tracts. In patients with schizophrenia and psychomotor slowing, we observed lower amplitudes of motor evoked potentials, while the short-interval intracortical inhibition/motor evoked potentials amplitude ratio was higher than in healthy controls, suggesting lower cortical inhibition in these patients. Patients without slowing also had lower amplitudes of motor evoked potentials. Across the combined patient sample, cortical inhibition deficits were linked to more motor coordination impairments. In patients with schizophrenia and psychomotor slowing, lower amplitudes of motor evoked potentials were associated with lower fractional anisotropy in motor tracts. Moreover, resting-state functional connectivity between the primary motor cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex and the cerebellum increased with stronger cortical inhibition. In contrast, in healthy controls and patients without slowing, stronger cortical inhibition was linked to lower resting-state functional connectivity between the left primary motor cortex and premotor or parietal cortices. Psychomotor slowing in psychosis is linked to less cortical inhibition and aberrant functional connectivity of the primary motor cortex. Higher neural noise in the motor system may drive psychomotor slowing and thus may become a treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lefebvre
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gwendolyn Gehrig
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Niluja Nadesalingam
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melanie G Nuoffer
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Kyrou
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Wüthrich
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
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22
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Shibukawa S, Kan H, Honda S, Wada M, Tarumi R, Tsugawa S, Tobari Y, Maikusa N, Mimura M, Uchida H, Nakamura Y, Nakajima S, Noda Y, Koike S. Alterations in subcortical magnetic susceptibility and disease-specific relationship with brain volume in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:164. [PMID: 38531856 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures brain tissues' magnetic susceptibility, including iron deposition and myelination. This study examines the relationship between subcortical volume and magnetic susceptibility and determines specific differences in these measures among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), patients with schizophrenia, and healthy controls (HCs). This was a cross-sectional study. Sex- and age- matched patients with MDD (n = 49), patients with schizophrenia (n = 24), and HCs (n = 50) were included. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted using quantitative susceptibility mapping and T1-weighted imaging to measure subcortical susceptibility and volume. The acquired brain measurements were compared among groups using analyses of variance and post hoc comparisons. Finally, a general linear model examined the susceptibility-volume relationship. Significant group-level differences were found in the magnetic susceptibility of the nucleus accumbens and amygdala (p = 0.045). Post-hoc analyses indicated that the magnetic susceptibility of the nucleus accumbens and amygdala for the MDD group was significantly higher than that for the HC group (p = 0.0054, p = 0.0065, respectively). However, no significant differences in subcortical volume were found between the groups. The general linear model indicated a significant interaction between group and volume for the nucleus accumbens in MDD group but not schizophrenia or HC groups. This study showed susceptibility alterations in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala in MDD patients. A significant relationship was observed between subcortical susceptibility and volume in the MDD group's nucleus accumbens, which indicated abnormalities in myelination and the dopaminergic system related to iron deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Shibukawa
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Radiological Technology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kan
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Shiori Honda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tarumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Tobari
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihide Maikusa
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence, University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan.
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23
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Araújo A, Duarte IC, Sousa T, Oliveira J, Pereira AT, Macedo A, Castelo-Branco M. Neural inhibition as implemented by an actor-critic model involves the human dorsal striatum and ventral tegmental area. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6363. [PMID: 38493169 PMCID: PMC10944470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibition is implicated across virtually all human experiences. As a trade-off of being very efficient, this executive function is also prone to many errors. Rodent and computational studies show that midbrain regions play crucial roles during errors by sending dopaminergic learning signals to the basal ganglia for behavioural adjustment. However, the parallels between animal and human neural anatomy and function are not determined. We scanned human adults while they performed an fMRI inhibitory task requiring trial-and-error learning. Guided by an actor-critic model, our results implicate the dorsal striatum and the ventral tegmental area as the actor and the critic, respectively. Using a multilevel and dimensional approach, we also demonstrate a link between midbrain and striatum circuit activity, inhibitory performance, and self-reported autistic and obsessive-compulsive subclinical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Araújo
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Catarina Duarte
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Oliveira
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Telma Pereira
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Macedo
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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24
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Paci M, Cardellicchio P, Di Luzio P, Perrucci MG, Ferri F, Costantini M. When the heart inhibits the brain: Cardiac phases modulate short-interval intracortical inhibition. iScience 2024; 27:109140. [PMID: 38414850 PMCID: PMC10897847 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The phasic cardiovascular activity influences the central nervous system through the systolic baroreceptor inputs, inducing widespread inhibitory effects on behavior. Through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered during resting-state over the left primary motor cortex and across the different cardiac phases, we measured corticospinal excitability (CSE) and distinct indices of intracortical motor inhibition: short (SICI) and long (LICI) interval, corresponding to GABAA and GABAB neurotransmission, respectively. We found a significant effect of the cardiac phase on short-intracortical inhibition, without any influence on LICI. Specifically, SICI was stronger at systole compared to diastole. These results show a tight relationship between the cardiac cycle and the inhibitory neurotransmission within M1, and in particular with GABAA-ergic-mediated motor inhibition. We hypothesize that this process requires greater motor control via the gating mechanism and that this, in turn, needs to be recalibrated through the modulation of intracortical inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Paci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cardellicchio
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Luzio
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Gianni Perrucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies - ITAB, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies - ITAB, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello Costantini
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies - ITAB, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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25
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Koster KP, Sherman SM. Convergence of inputs from the basal ganglia with layer 5 of motor cortex and cerebellum in mouse motor thalamus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.584958. [PMID: 38559179 PMCID: PMC10979938 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.584958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A key to motor control is the motor thalamus, where several inputs converge. One excitatory input originates from layer 5 of primary motor cortex (M1L5), while another arises from the deep cerebellar nuclei (Cb). M1L5 terminals distribute throughout the motor thalamus and overlap with GABAergic inputs from the basal ganglia output nuclei, the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). In contrast, it is thought that Cb and basal ganglia inputs are segregated. Therefore, we hypothesized that one potential function of the GABAergic inputs from basal ganglia is to selectively inhibit, or gate, excitatory signals from M1L5 in the motor thalamus. Here, we tested this possibility and determined the circuit organization of mouse (both sexes) motor thalamus using an optogenetic strategy in acute slices. First, we demonstrated the presence of a feedforward transthalamic pathway from M1L5 through motor thalamus. Importantly, we discovered that GABAergic inputs from the GPi and SNr converge onto single motor thalamic cells with excitatory synapses from M1L5 and, unexpectedly, Cb as well. We interpret these results to indicate that a role of the basal ganglia is to gate the thalamic transmission of M1L5 and Cb information to cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Koster
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - S. Murray Sherman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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26
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Johansson ME, Toni I, Kessels RPC, Bloem BR, Helmich RC. Clinical severity in Parkinson's disease is determined by decline in cortical compensation. Brain 2024; 147:871-886. [PMID: 37757883 PMCID: PMC10907095 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic dysfunction in the basal ganglia, particularly in the posterior putamen, is often viewed as the primary pathological mechanism behind motor slowing (i.e. bradykinesia) in Parkinson's disease. However, striatal dopamine loss fails to account for interindividual differences in motor phenotype and rate of decline, implying that the expression of motor symptoms depends on additional mechanisms, some of which may be compensatory in nature. Building on observations of increased motor-related activity in the parieto-premotor cortex of Parkinson patients, we tested the hypothesis that interindividual differences in clinical severity are determined by compensatory cortical mechanisms and not just by basal ganglia dysfunction. Using functional MRI, we measured variability in motor- and selection-related brain activity during a visuomotor task in 353 patients with Parkinson's disease (≤5 years disease duration) and 60 healthy controls. In this task, we manipulated action selection demand by varying the number of possible actions that individuals could choose from. Clinical variability was characterized in two ways. First, patients were categorized into three previously validated, discrete clinical subtypes that are hypothesized to reflect distinct routes of α-synuclein propagation: diffuse-malignant (n = 42), intermediate (n = 128) or mild motor-predominant (n = 150). Second, we used the scores of bradykinesia severity and cognitive performance across the entire sample as continuous measures. Patients showed motor slowing (longer response times) and reduced motor-related activity in the basal ganglia compared with controls. However, basal ganglia activity did not differ between clinical subtypes and was not associated with clinical scores. This indicates a limited role for striatal dysfunction in shaping interindividual differences in clinical severity. Consistent with our hypothesis, we observed enhanced action selection-related activity in the parieto-premotor cortex of patients with a mild-motor predominant subtype, both compared to patients with a diffuse-malignant subtype and controls. Furthermore, increased parieto-premotor activity was related to lower bradykinesia severity and better cognitive performance, which points to a compensatory role. We conclude that parieto-premotor compensation, rather than basal ganglia dysfunction, shapes interindividual variability in symptom severity in Parkinson's disease. Future interventions may focus on maintaining and enhancing compensatory cortical mechanisms, rather than only attempting to normalize basal ganglia dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Johansson
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Toni
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, 5803 AC Venray, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick C Helmich
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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27
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Prescott TJ, Montes González FM, Gurney K, Humphries MD, Redgrave P. Simulated Dopamine Modulation of a Neurorobotic Model of the Basal Ganglia. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:139. [PMID: 38534824 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate basal ganglia play an important role in action selection-the resolution of conflicts between alternative motor programs. The effective operation of basal ganglia circuitry is also known to rely on appropriate levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. We investigated reducing or increasing the tonic level of simulated dopamine in a prior model of the basal ganglia integrated into a robot control architecture engaged in a foraging task inspired by animal behaviour. The main findings were that progressive reductions in the levels of simulated dopamine caused slowed behaviour and, at low levels, an inability to initiate movement. These states were partially relieved by increased salience levels (stronger sensory/motivational input). Conversely, increased simulated dopamine caused distortion of the robot's motor acts through partially expressed motor activity relating to losing actions. This could also lead to an increased frequency of behaviour switching. Levels of simulated dopamine that were either significantly lower or higher than baseline could cause a loss of behavioural integration, sometimes leaving the robot in a 'behavioral trap'. That some analogous traits are observed in animals and humans affected by dopamine dysregulation suggests that robotic models could prove useful in understanding the role of dopamine neurotransmission in basal ganglia function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J Prescott
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Kevin Gurney
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mark D Humphries
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter Redgrave
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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28
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Reinshagen A. Grid cells: the missing link in understanding Parkinson's disease? Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1276714. [PMID: 38389787 PMCID: PMC10881698 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1276714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD) are complex and not fully understood, and the box-and-arrow model among other current models present significant challenges. This paper explores the potential role of the allocentric brain and especially its grid cells in several PD motor symptoms, including bradykinesia, kinesia paradoxa, freezing of gait, the bottleneck phenomenon, and their dependency on cueing. It is argued that central hubs, like the locus coeruleus and the pedunculopontine nucleus, often narrowly interpreted in the context of PD, play an equally important role in governing the allocentric brain as the basal ganglia. Consequently, the motor and secondary motor (e.g., spatially related) symptoms of PD linked with dopamine depletion may be more closely tied to erroneous computation by grid cells than to the basal ganglia alone. Because grid cells and their associated central hubs introduce both spatial and temporal information to the brain influencing velocity perception they may cause bradykinesia or hyperkinesia as well. In summary, PD motor symptoms may primarily be an allocentric disturbance resulting from virtual faulty computation by grid cells revealed by dopamine depletion in PD.
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29
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Beach SD, Niziolek CA. Inhibitory modulation of speech trajectories: Evidence from a vowel-modified Stroop task. Cogn Neuropsychol 2024; 41:51-69. [PMID: 38778635 PMCID: PMC11269046 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2024.2315831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
How does cognitive inhibition influence speaking? The Stroop effect is a classic demonstration of the interference between reading and color naming. We used a novel variant of the Stroop task to measure whether this interference impacts not only the response speed, but also the acoustic properties of speech. Speakers named the color of words in three categories: congruent (e.g., red written in red), color-incongruent (e.g., green written in red), and vowel-incongruent - those with partial phonological overlap with their color (e.g., rid written in red, grain in green, and blow in blue). Our primary aim was to identify any effect of the distractor vowel on the acoustics of the target vowel. Participants were no slower to respond on vowel-incongruent trials, but formant trajectories tended to show a bias away from the distractor vowel, consistent with a phenomenon of acoustic inhibition that increases contrast between confusable alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D Beach
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Caroline A Niziolek
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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30
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Merrick CM, Doyle ON, Gallegos NE, Irwin ZT, Olson JW, Gonzalez CL, Knight RT, Ivry RB, Walker HC. Differential contribution of sensorimotor cortex and subthalamic nucleus to unimanual and bimanual hand movements. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad492. [PMID: 38124548 PMCID: PMC10793582 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Why does unilateral deep brain stimulation improve motor function bilaterally? To address this clinical observation, we collected parallel neural recordings from sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) during repetitive ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral hand movements in patients with Parkinson's disease. We used a cross-validated electrode-wise encoding model to map electromyography data to the neural signals. Electrodes in the STN encoded movement at a comparable level for both hands, whereas SMC electrodes displayed a strong contralateral bias. To examine representational overlap across the two hands, we trained the model with data from one condition (contralateral hand) and used the trained weights to predict neural activity for movements produced with the other hand (ipsilateral hand). Overall, between-hand generalization was poor, and this limitation was evident in both regions. A similar method was used to probe representational overlap across different task contexts (unimanual vs. bimanual). Task context was more important for the STN compared to the SMC indicating that neural activity in the STN showed greater divergence between the unimanual and bimanual conditions. These results indicate that SMC activity is strongly lateralized and relatively context-free, whereas the STN integrates contextual information with the ongoing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Merrick
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Owen N Doyle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Natali E Gallegos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Zachary T Irwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Joseph W Olson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Christopher L Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Robert T Knight
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Richard B Ivry
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Harrison C Walker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
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31
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Fang LZ, Creed MC. Updating the striatal-pallidal wiring diagram. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:15-27. [PMID: 38057614 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The striatal and pallidal complexes are basal ganglia structures that orchestrate learning and execution of flexible behavior. Models of how the basal ganglia subserve these functions have evolved considerably, and the advent of optogenetic and molecular tools has shed light on the heterogeneity of subcircuits within these pathways. However, a synthesis of how molecularly diverse neurons integrate into existing models of basal ganglia function is lacking. Here, we provide an overview of the neurochemical and molecular diversity of striatal and pallidal neurons and synthesize recent circuit connectivity studies in rodents that takes this diversity into account. We also highlight anatomical organizational principles that distinguish the dorsal and ventral basal ganglia pathways in rodents. Future work integrating the molecular and anatomical properties of striatal and pallidal subpopulations may resolve controversies regarding basal ganglia network function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Z Fang
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Meaghan C Creed
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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32
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Coizet V, Ambroggi F. Subcortical Contribution to the Role of the Basal Ganglia in Action Selection. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1417-1418. [PMID: 38847143 PMCID: PMC11097989 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x2209240229143211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Coizet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frederic Ambroggi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, Marseille, France
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone: Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France
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33
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Coizet V, Al Tannir R, Pautrat A, Overton PG. Separation of Channels Subserving Approach and Avoidance/Escape at the Level of the Basal Ganglia and Related Brainstem Structures. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1473-1490. [PMID: 37594168 PMCID: PMC11097992 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230818154903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia have the key function of directing our behavior in the context of events from our environment and/or our internal state. This function relies on afferents targeting the main input structures of the basal ganglia, entering bids for action selection at the level of the striatum or signals for behavioral interruption at the level of the subthalamic nucleus, with behavioral reselection facilitated by dopamine signaling. Numerous experiments have studied action selection in relation to inputs from the cerebral cortex. However, less is known about the anatomical and functional link between the basal ganglia and the brainstem. In this review, we describe how brainstem structures also project to the main input structures of the basal ganglia, namely the striatum, the subthalamic nucleus and midbrain dopaminergic neurons, in the context of approach and avoidance (including escape from threat), two fundamental, mutually exclusive behavioral choices in an animal's repertoire in which the brainstem is strongly involved. We focus on three particularly well-described loci involved in approach and avoidance, namely the superior colliculus, the parabrachial nucleus and the periaqueductal grey nucleus. We consider what is known about how these structures are related to the basal ganglia, focusing on their projections toward the striatum, dopaminergic neurons and subthalamic nucleus, and explore the functional consequences of those interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Coizet
- Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, University Grenoble Alpes, Bâtiment E.J. Safra - Chemin Fortuné Ferrini - 38700 La Tronche France;
| | - Racha Al Tannir
- Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, University Grenoble Alpes, Bâtiment E.J. Safra - Chemin Fortuné Ferrini - 38700 La Tronche France;
| | - Arnaud Pautrat
- Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, University Grenoble Alpes, Bâtiment E.J. Safra - Chemin Fortuné Ferrini - 38700 La Tronche France;
| | - Paul G. Overton
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Wagle Shukla A. Basis of movement control in dystonia and why botulinum toxin should influence it? Toxicon 2024; 237:107251. [PMID: 37574115 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Dystonia is a network disorder involving multiple brain regions, such as the motor cortex, sensory cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is the first-line therapy for treating focal dystonia and is a potent molecule that blocks the release of acetylcholine at the peripheral neuromuscular junction. However, the clinical benefits of BoNT are not solely related to peripheral muscle relaxation or modulation of afferent input from the muscle spindle. An increasing body of evidence, albeit in smaller cohorts, has shown that BoNT leads to distant modulation of the pathological brain substrates implicated in dystonia. A single treatment session of BoNT has been observed to reduce excessive motor excitability and improve sensory processing. Furthermore, owing to plasticity effects that are induced by botulinum, neural reorganization of pathological networks occurs, presumably leading to defective motor programs of dystonia replaced with normal movement patterns. However, longitudinal studies investigating the effects of multiple treatment sessions in large, well-characterized homogenous cohorts of dystonia will provide further compelling evidence supporting central botulinum mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Wagle Shukla
- Department of Neurology, Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, 3009 Williston Road, Gainesville, 32608, Florida, United States.
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Antoniades CA, Spering M. Eye movements in Parkinson's disease: from neurophysiological mechanisms to diagnostic tools. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:71-83. [PMID: 38042680 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) impact oculomotor function - the ability to move the eyes accurately and purposefully to serve a multitude of sensory, cognitive, and secondary motor tasks. Decades of neurophysiological research in monkeys and behavioral studies in humans have characterized the neural basis of healthy oculomotor control. This review links eye movement abnormalities in persons living with PD to the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms and pathways. Building on this foundation, we highlight recent progress in using eye movements to gauge symptom severity, assess treatment effects, and serve as potential precision biomarkers. We conclude that whereas eye movements provide insights into PD mechanisms, based on current evidence they appear to lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity to serve as a standalone diagnostic tool. Their full potential may be realized when combined with other disease indicators in big datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalina A Antoniades
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Miriam Spering
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Tiroshi L, Atamna Y, Gilin N, Berkowitz N, Goldberg JA. Striatal Neurons Are Recruited Dynamically into Collective Representations of Self-Initiated and Learned Actions in Freely Moving Mice. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0315-23.2023. [PMID: 38164559 PMCID: PMC11057506 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0315-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Striatal spiny projection neurons are hyperpolarized-at-rest (HaR) and driven to action potential threshold by a small number of powerful inputs-an input-output configuration that is detrimental to response reliability. Because the striatum is important for habitual behaviors and goal-directed learning, we conducted a microendoscopic imaging in freely moving mice that express a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator sparsely in striatal HaR neurons to evaluate their response reliability during self-initiated movements and operant conditioning. The sparse expression was critical for longitudinal studies of response reliability, and for studying correlations among HaR neurons while minimizing spurious correlations arising from contamination by the background signal. We found that HaR neurons are recruited dynamically into action representation, with distinct neuronal subsets being engaged in a moment-by-moment fashion. While individual neurons respond with little reliability, the population response remained stable across days. Moreover, we found evidence for the temporal coupling between neuronal subsets during conditioned (but not innate) behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Tiroshi
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yara Atamna
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naomi Gilin
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Berkowitz
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joshua A Goldberg
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
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Vautrelle N, Coizet V, Leriche M, Dahan L, Schulz JM, Zhang YF, Zeghbib A, Overton PG, Bracci E, Redgrave P, Reynolds JN. Sensory Reinforced Corticostriatal Plasticity. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1513-1527. [PMID: 37533245 PMCID: PMC11097983 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230801110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regional changes in corticostriatal transmission induced by phasic dopaminergic signals are an essential feature of the neural network responsible for instrumental reinforcement during discovery of an action. However, the timing of signals that are thought to contribute to the induction of corticostriatal plasticity is difficult to reconcile within the framework of behavioural reinforcement learning, because the reinforcer is normally delayed relative to the selection and execution of causally-related actions. OBJECTIVE While recent studies have started to address the relevance of delayed reinforcement signals and their impact on corticostriatal processing, our objective was to establish a model in which a sensory reinforcer triggers appropriately delayed reinforcement signals relayed to the striatum via intact neuronal pathways and to investigate the effects on corticostriatal plasticity. METHODS We measured corticostriatal plasticity with electrophysiological recordings using a light flash as a natural sensory reinforcer, and pharmacological manipulations were applied in an in vivo anesthetized rat model preparation. RESULTS We demonstrate that the spiking of striatal neurons evoked by single-pulse stimulation of the motor cortex can be potentiated by a natural sensory reinforcer, operating through intact afferent pathways, with signal timing approximating that required for behavioural reinforcement. The pharmacological blockade of dopamine receptors attenuated the observed potentiation of corticostriatal neurotransmission. CONCLUSION This novel in vivo model of corticostriatal plasticity offers a behaviourally relevant framework to address the physiological, anatomical, cellular, and molecular bases of instrumental reinforcement learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vautrelle
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, UK
| | - Véronique Coizet
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, UK
- Institut des Neurosciences de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, Inserm, U1216, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France
| | - Mariana Leriche
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, UK
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, UK
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université de Toulouse, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Jan M. Schulz
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH - 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yan-Feng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter EX4 4PS, United Kingdom
| | - Abdelhafid Zeghbib
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, UK
| | - Paul G. Overton
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, UK
| | - Enrico Bracci
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, UK
| | - Peter Redgrave
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, UK
| | - John N.J. Reynolds
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Xie H, Yang Y, Sun Q, Li ZY, Ni MH, Chen ZH, Li SN, Dai P, Cui YY, Cao XY, Jiang N, Du LJ, Yu Y, Yan LF, Cui GB. Abnormalities of cerebral blood flow and the regional brain function in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and multimodal neuroimaging meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1289934. [PMID: 38162449 PMCID: PMC10755479 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1289934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with high incidence rate. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), as a widely used method for studying neurodegenerative diseases, has not yet been combined with two important indicators, amplitude low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and cerebral blood flow (CBF), for standardized analysis of PD. Methods In this study, we used seed-based d-mapping and permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI) software to investigate the changes in ALFF and CBF of PD patients. After obtaining the regions of PD with changes in ALFF or CBF, we conducted a multimodal analysis to identify brain regions where ALFF and CBF changed together or could not synchronize. Results The final study included 31 eligible trials with 37 data sets. The main analysis results showed that the ALFF of the left striatum and left anterior thalamic projection decreased in PD patients, while the CBF of the right superior frontal gyrus decreased. However, the results of multimodal analysis suggested that there were no statistically significant brain regions. In addition, the decrease of ALFF in the left striatum and the decrease of CBF in the right superior frontal gyrus was correlated with the decrease in clinical cognitive scores. Conclusion PD patients had a series of spontaneous brain activity abnormalities, mainly involving brain regions related to the striatum-thalamic-cortex circuit, and related to the clinical manifestations of PD. Among them, the left striatum and right superior frontal gyrus are more closely related to cognition. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/ PROSPERO (CRD42023390914).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ze-Yang Li
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min-Hua Ni
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhu-Hong Chen
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Si-Ning Li
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Dai
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Yan Cui
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin-Yu Cao
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Medical School of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Juan Du
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Queirazza F, Steele JD, Krishnadas R, Cavanagh J, Philiastides MG. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signatures of Pavlovian and Instrumental Valuation Systems during a Modified Orthogonalized Go/No-go Task. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:2089-2109. [PMID: 37788326 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Motivational (i.e., Pavlovian) values interfere with instrumental responding and can lead to suboptimal decision-making. In humans, task-based neuroimaging studies have only recently started illuminating the functional neuroanatomy of Pavlovian biasing of instrumental control. To provide a mechanistic understanding of the neural dynamics underlying the Pavlovian and instrumental valuation systems, analysis of neuroimaging data has been informed by computational modeling of conditioned behavior. Nonetheless, because of collinearities in Pavlovian and instrumental predictions, previous research failed to tease out hemodynamic activity that is parametrically and dynamically modulated by coexistent Pavlovian and instrumental value expectations. Moreover, neural correlates of Pavlovian to instrumental transfer effects have so far only been identified in extinction (i.e., in the absence of learning). In this study, we devised a modified version of the orthogonalized go/no-go paradigm, which introduced Pavlovian-only catch trials to better disambiguate trial-by-trial Pavlovian and instrumental predictions in both sexes. We found that hemodynamic activity in the ventromedial pFC covaried uniquely with the model-derived Pavlovian value expectations. Notably, modulation of neural activity encoding for instrumental predictions in the supplementary motor cortex was linked to successful action selection in conflict conditions. Furthermore, hemodynamic activity in regions pertaining to the limbic system and medial pFC was correlated with synergistic Pavlovian and instrumental predictions and improved conditioned behavior during congruent trials. Altogether, our results provide new insights into the functional neuroanatomy of decision-making and corroborate the validity of our variant of the orthogonalized go/no-go task as a behavioral assay of the Pavlovian and instrumental valuation systems.
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Thomas A, Yang W, Wang C, Tipparaju SL, Chen G, Sullivan B, Swiekatowski K, Tatam M, Gerfen C, Li N. Superior colliculus bidirectionally modulates choice activity in frontal cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7358. [PMID: 37963894 PMCID: PMC10645979 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Action selection occurs through competition between potential choice options. Neural correlates of choice competition are observed across frontal cortex and downstream superior colliculus (SC) during decision-making, yet how these regions interact to mediate choice competition remains unresolved. Here we report that SC can bidirectionally modulate choice competition and drive choice activity in frontal cortex. In the mouse, topographically matched regions of frontal cortex and SC formed a descending motor pathway for directional licking and a re-entrant loop via the thalamus. During decision-making, distinct neuronal populations in both frontal cortex and SC encoded opposing lick directions and exhibited competitive interactions. SC GABAergic neurons encoded ipsilateral choice and locally inhibited glutamatergic neurons that encoded contralateral choice. Activating or suppressing these cell types could bidirectionally drive choice activity in frontal cortex. These results thus identify SC as a major locus to modulate choice competition within the broader action selection network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyse Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiguo Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Guang Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brennan Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kylie Swiekatowski
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mahima Tatam
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles Gerfen
- Section on Neuroanatomy, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nuo Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Zhong S, Pouratian N, Christopoulos V. Computational mechanism underlying switching of motor actions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.27.564490. [PMID: 37961566 PMCID: PMC10634885 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Surviving in a constantly changing environment requires not only the ability to select actions, but also the flexibility to stop and switch actions when necessary. Extensive research has been devoted to understanding how the brain switches actions, yet the computations underlying switching and how it relates to selecting and stopping processes remain elusive. A central question is whether switching is an extension of the stopping process or involves different mechanisms. To address this question, we modeled action regulation tasks with a neurocomputational theory and evaluated its predictions on individuals performing reaches in a dynamic environment. Our findings suggest that, unlike stopping, switching does not necessitate a proactive pause mechanism to delay movement onset. However, switching engages a pause mechanism after movement onset, if the new target location is unknown prior to switch signal. These findings offer a new understanding of the action-switching computations, opening new avenues for future neurophysiological investigations.
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Mann LG, Servant M, Hay KR, Song AK, Trujillo P, Yan B, Kang H, Zald D, Donahue MJ, Logan GD, Claassen DO. The Role of a Dopamine-Dependent Limbic-Motor Network in Sensory Motor Processing in Parkinson Disease. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:1806-1822. [PMID: 37677065 PMCID: PMC10594953 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Limbic and motor integration is enabled by a mesial temporal to motor cortex network. Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by a loss of dorsal striatal dopamine but relative preservation of mesolimbic dopamine early in disease, along with changes to motor action control. Here, we studied 47 patients with PD using the Simon conflict task and [18F]fallypride PET imaging. Additionally, a cohort of 16 patients participated in a single-blinded dextroamphetamine (dAMPH) study. Task performance was evaluated using the diffusion model for conflict tasks, which allows for an assessment of interpretable action control processes. First, a voxel-wise examination disclosed a negative relationship, such that longer non-decision time is associated with reduced D2-like binding potential (BPND) in the bilateral putamen, left globus pallidus, and right insula. Second, an ROI analysis revealed a positive relationship, such that shorter non-decision time is associated with reduced D2-like BPND in the amygdala and ventromedial OFC. The difference in non-decision time between off-dAMPH and on-dAMPH trials was positively associated with D2-like BPND in the globus pallidus. These findings support the idea that dysfunction of the traditional striatal-motor loop underlies action control deficits but also suggest that a compensatory parallel limbic-motor loop regulates motor output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah G. Mann
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mathieu Servant
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Kaitlyn R. Hay
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alexander K. Song
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paula Trujillo
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bailu Yan
- Deparment of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Deparment of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - David Zald
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Manus J. Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gordon D. Logan
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Daniel O. Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Bond K, Rasero J, Madan R, Bahuguna J, Rubin J, Verstynen T. Competing neural representations of choice shape evidence accumulation in humans. eLife 2023; 12:e85223. [PMID: 37818943 PMCID: PMC10624421 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Making adaptive choices in dynamic environments requires flexible decision policies. Previously, we showed how shifts in outcome contingency change the evidence accumulation process that determines decision policies. Using in silico experiments to generate predictions, here we show how the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic (CBGT) circuits can feasibly implement shifts in decision policies. When action contingencies change, dopaminergic plasticity redirects the balance of power, both within and between action representations, to divert the flow of evidence from one option to another. When competition between action representations is highest, the rate of evidence accumulation is the lowest. This prediction was validated in in vivo experiments on human participants, using fMRI, which showed that (1) evoked hemodynamic responses can reliably predict trial-wise choices and (2) competition between action representations, measured using a classifier model, tracked with changes in the rate of evidence accumulation. These results paint a holistic picture of how CBGT circuits manage and adapt the evidence accumulation process in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Bond
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionPittsburghUnited States
- Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience InstitutePittsburghUnited States
| | - Javier Rasero
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
| | - Raghav Madan
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jyotika Bahuguna
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
| | - Jonathan Rubin
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Mathematics, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Timothy Verstynen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionPittsburghUnited States
- Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience InstitutePittsburghUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
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Rusheen AE, Rojas-Cabrera J, Goyal A, Shin H, Yuen J, Jang DP, Bennet KE, Blaha CD, Lee KH, Oh Y. Deep brain stimulation alleviates tics in Tourette syndrome via striatal dopamine transmission. Brain 2023; 146:4174-4190. [PMID: 37141283 PMCID: PMC10545518 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by intrusive motor and vocal tics that can lead to self-injury and deleterious mental health complications. While dysfunction in striatal dopamine neurotransmission has been proposed to underlie tic behaviour, evidence is scarce and inconclusive. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic centromedian parafascicular complex (CMPf), an approved surgical interventive treatment for medical refractory Tourette syndrome, may reduce tics by affecting striatal dopamine release. Here, we use electrophysiology, electrochemistry, optogenetics, pharmacological treatments and behavioural measurements to mechanistically examine how thalamic DBS modulates synaptic and tonic dopamine activity in the dorsomedial striatum. Previous studies demonstrated focal disruption of GABAergic transmission in the dorsolateral striatum of rats led to repetitive motor tics recapitulating the major symptom of Tourette syndrome. We employed this model under light anaesthesia and found CMPf DBS evoked synaptic dopamine release and elevated tonic dopamine levels via striatal cholinergic interneurons while concomitantly reducing motor tic behaviour. The improvement in tic behaviour was found to be mediated by D2 receptor activation as blocking this receptor prevented the therapeutic response. Our results demonstrate that release of striatal dopamine mediates the therapeutic effects of CMPf DBS and points to striatal dopamine dysfunction as a driver for motor tics in the pathoneurophysiology of Tourette syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron E Rusheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Juan Rojas-Cabrera
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Abhinav Goyal
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Hojin Shin
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Jason Yuen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- IMPACT—the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Dong-Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Keven E Bennet
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Charles D Blaha
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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45
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Klug JR, Yan X, Hoffman HA, Engelhardt MD, Osakada F, Callaway EM, Jin X. Asymmetric cortical projections to striatal direct and indirect pathways distinctly control actions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560589. [PMID: 37873164 PMCID: PMC10592949 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The striatal direct and indirect pathways constitute the core for basal ganglia function in action control. Although both striatal D1- and D2-spiny projection neurons (SPNs) receive excitatory inputs from the cerebral cortex, whether or not they share inputs from the same cortical neurons, and how pathway-specific corticostriatal projections control behavior remain largely unknown. Here using a new G-deleted rabies system in mice, we found that more than two-thirds of excitatory inputs to D2-SPNs also target D1-SPNs, while only one-third do so vice versa. Optogenetic stimulation of striatal D1- vs. D2-SPN-projecting cortical neurons differently regulate locomotion, reinforcement learning and sequence behavior, implying the functional dichotomy of pathway-specific corticostriatal subcircuits. These results reveal the partially segregated yet asymmetrically overlapping cortical projections on striatal D1- vs. D2-SPNs, and that the pathway-specific corticostriatal subcircuits distinctly control behavior. It has important implications in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases affecting cortico-basal ganglia circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Klug
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xunyi Yan
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Motor Control and Disease, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hilary A. Hoffman
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Max D. Engelhardt
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fumitaka Osakada
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Edward M. Callaway
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xin Jin
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Motor Control and Disease, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- NYU–ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University Shanghai, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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46
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Cascone AD, Calabro F, Foran W, Larsen B, Nugiel T, Parr AC, Tervo-Clemmens B, Luna B, Cohen JR. Brain tissue iron neurophysiology and its relationship with the cognitive effects of dopaminergic modulation in children with and without ADHD. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101274. [PMID: 37453207 PMCID: PMC10372187 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit impairments in response inhibition. These impairments are ameliorated by modulating dopamine (DA) via the administration of rewards or stimulant medication like methylphenidate (MPH). It is currently unclear whether intrinsic DA availability impacts these effects of dopaminergic modulation on response inhibition. Thus, we estimated intrinsic DA availability using magnetic resonance-based assessments of basal ganglia and thalamic tissue iron in 36 medication-naïve children with ADHD and 29 typically developing (TD) children (8-12 y) who underwent fMRI scans and completed standard and rewarded go/no-go tasks. Children with ADHD additionally participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover MPH challenge. Using linear regressions covarying for age and sex, we determined there were no group differences in brain tissue iron. We additionally found that higher putamen tissue iron was associated with worse response inhibition performance in all participants. Crucially, we observed that higher putamen and caudate tissue iron was associated with greater responsivity to MPH, as measured by improved task performance, in participants with ADHD. These results begin to clarify the role of subcortical brain tissue iron, a measure associated with intrinsic DA availability, in the cognitive effects of reward- and MPH-related dopaminergic modulation in children with ADHD and TD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna D Cascone
- Neuroscience Curriculum, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Finnegan Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tehila Nugiel
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ashley C Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica R Cohen
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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47
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Li H, Jin X. Multiple dynamic interactions from basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways mediate action selection. eLife 2023; 12:RP87644. [PMID: 37751468 PMCID: PMC10522336 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia are known to be essential for action selection. However, the functional role of basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways in action selection remains unresolved. Here, by employing cell-type-specific neuronal recording and manipulation in mice trained in a choice task, we demonstrate that multiple dynamic interactions from the direct and indirect pathways control the action selection. While the direct pathway regulates the behavioral choice in a linear manner, the indirect pathway exerts a nonlinear inverted-U-shaped control over action selection, depending on the inputs and the network state. We propose a new center (direct)-surround (indirect)-context (indirect) 'Triple-control' functional model of basal ganglia, which can replicate the physiological and behavioral experimental observations that cannot be simply explained by either the traditional 'Go/No-go' or more recent 'Co-activation' model. These findings have important implications on understanding the basal ganglia circuitry and action selection in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Xin Jin
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Center for Motor Control and Disease, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- NYU–ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University ShanghaiShanghaiChina
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48
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Ding L. Contributions of the Basal Ganglia to Visual Perceptual Decisions. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2023; 9:385-407. [PMID: 37713277 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-111022-123804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG) make up a prominent nexus between visual and motor-related brain regions. In contrast to the BG's well-established roles in movement control and value-based decision making, their contributions to the transformation of visual input into an action remain unclear, especially in the context of perceptual decisions based on uncertain visual evidence. This article reviews recent progress in our understanding of the BG's contributions to the formation, evaluation, and adjustment of such decisions. From theoretical and experimental perspectives, the review focuses on four key stations in the BG network, namely, the striatum, pallidum, subthalamic nucleus, and midbrain dopamine neurons, which can have different roles and together support the decision process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ding
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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49
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Mizes KGC, Lindsey J, Escola GS, Ölveczky BP. Motor cortex is required for flexible but not automatic motor sequences. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.05.556348. [PMID: 37732225 PMCID: PMC10508748 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
How motor cortex contributes to motor sequence execution is much debated, with studies supporting disparate views. Here we probe the degree to which motor cortex's engagement depends on task demands, specifically whether its role differs for highly practiced, or 'automatic', sequences versus flexible sequences informed by external events. To test this, we trained rats to generate three-element motor sequences either by overtraining them on a single sequence or by having them follow instructive visual cues. Lesioning motor cortex revealed that it is necessary for flexible cue-driven motor sequences but dispensable for single automatic behaviors trained in isolation. However, when an automatic motor sequence was practiced alongside the flexible task, it became motor cortex-dependent, suggesting that subcortical consolidation of an automatic motor sequence is delayed or prevented when the same sequence is produced also in a flexible context. A simple neural network model recapitulated these results and explained the underlying circuit mechanisms. Our results critically delineate the role of motor cortex in motor sequence execution, describing the condition under which it is engaged and the functions it fulfills, thus reconciling seemingly conflicting views about motor cortex's role in motor sequence generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G. C. Mizes
- Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138,
USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Center for
Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jack Lindsey
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia
University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - G. Sean Escola
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia
University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY,
10032, USA
| | - Bence P. Ölveczky
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Center for
Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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50
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Gronlier E, Volle J, Coizet V, Paccard A, Habermacher C, Roche Y, Roucard C, Duveau V, David O. Evoked responses to single pulse electrical stimulation reveal impaired striatal excitability in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106266. [PMID: 37604316 PMCID: PMC10480488 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensorimotor beta oscillations are increased in Parkinson's disease (PD) due to the alteration of dopaminergic transmission. This electrophysiological read-out is reported both in patients and in animal models such as the 6-OHDA rat model obtained with unilateral nigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Current treatments, based on dopaminergic replacement, transiently normalize this pathological beta activity and improve patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVES We wanted to assess in vivo whether the abnormal beta oscillations can be correlated with impaired striatal or cortical excitability of the sensorimotor system and modulated by the pharmacological manipulation of the dopaminergic system. METHODS In the unilateral 6-OHDA rat model and control animals, we used intra-striatal and intra-cortical single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) and concurrent local field potentials (LFP) recordings. In the two groups, we quantified basal cortico-striatal excitability from time-resolved spectral analyses of LFP evoked responses induced remotely by intracerebral stimulations. The temporal dependance of cortico-striatal excitability to dopaminergic transmission was further tested using electrophysiological recordings combined with levodopa injection. RESULTS LFP evoked responses after striatal stimulation showed a transient reduction of power in a large time-frequency domain in the 6-OHDA group compared to the sham group. This result was specific to the striatum, as no significant difference was observed in cortical LFP evoked responses between the two groups. This impaired striatal excitability in the 6-OHDA group was observed in the striatum at least during the first 3 months after the initial lesion. In addition, the striatum responses to SPES during a levodopa challenge showed a transient potentiation of the decrease of responsiveness in frequencies below 40 Hz. CONCLUSION The spectral properties of striatal responses to SPES show high sensitivity to dopaminergic transmission in the unilateral 6-OHDA rat model. We thus propose that this approach could be used in preclinical models as a time-resolved biomarker of impaired dopaminergic transmission capable of monitoring progressive neurodegeneration and/or challenges to drug intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Gronlier
- SynapCell SAS, Saint-Ismier, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Véronique Coizet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Antoine Paccard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Olivier David
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France; Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
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