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Zhu J, Qu R, Wang Y, Ni R, Tian K, Yang C, Li M, Kristensen M, Qiu X. Up-regulation of CYP6G4 mediated by a CncC/maf binding-site-containing insertion confers resistance to multiple classes of insecticides in the house fly Musca domestica. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127024. [PMID: 37769776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Populations of many insect species have evolved a variety of resistance mechanisms in response to insecticide selection. Current knowledge about mutations responsible for insecticide resistance is largely achieved from studies on target-site resistance, while much less is known about metabolic resistance. Although it is well known that P450 monooxygenases are one of the major players involved in insecticide metabolism and resistance, understanding mutation(s) responsible for CYP-mediated resistance has been a big challenge. In this study, we used the house fly to pursue a better understanding of P450 mediated insecticide resistance at the molecular level. Metabolism studies illustrated that CYP6G4 had a broad-spectrum metabolic activity in metabolizing insecticides. Population genotyping revealed that the CYP6G4v1 allele harboring a DNA insertion (MdIS1) had been selected in many house fly populations on different continents. Dual luciferase reporter assays identified that the MdIS1 contained a CncC/Maf binding site, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed that transcription factor CncC was involved in the MdIS1-mediated regulation. This study highlights the common involvement of the CncC pathway in adaptive evolution, and provides an interesting case supportive of parallel evolution in P450-mediated insecticide resistance in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruinan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruoyao Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Kotze AC, Bagnall NH, Ruffell AP, George SD, Rolls NM. Resistance to dicyclanil and imidacloprid in the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, in Australia. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4195-4206. [PMID: 35690912 PMCID: PMC9540573 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sheep blowfly, Lucila cuprina, is a myiasis-causing parasite responsible for significant production losses and welfare issues for the Australian sheep industry. Control relies largely on the use of insecticides. The pyrimidine compound, dicyclanil, is the predominant control chemical, although other insecticides also are used, including imidacloprid, ivermectin, cyromazine and spinosad. We investigated in vitro resistance patterns and mechanisms in field-collected blowfly strains. RESULTS The Walgett 2019 strain showed significant levels of resistance to both dicyclanil and imidacloprid, with resistance factors at the IC50 of 26- and 17-fold, respectively, in in vitro bioassays. Co-treatment with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor, aminobenzotriazole, resulted in significant levels of synergism for dicyclanil and imidacloprid (synergism ratios of 7.2- and 6.1-fold, respectively), implicating cytochrome P450 in resistance to both insecticides. Cyp12d1 transcription levels were increased up to 40-fold throughout the larval life stages in the resistant strain compared to a reference susceptible strain, whereas transcription levels of some other cyp genes (6g1, 4d1, 28d1) did not differ between the strains. Similar resistance levels also were observed in flies collected from the same property in two subsequent years. CONCLUSION This study indicates that in vitro resistance to both dicyclanil and imidacloprid in this field-collected blowfly strain is likely mediated by cytochrome P450, with Cyp12d1 implicated as the enzyme responsible; however, it remains possible that another P450 also may be involved. A common resistance mechanism for the two drugs has important implications for drug rotation strategies designed to prolong the useful life of flystrike control chemicals. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Kotze
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodSt. Lucia, BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Neil H Bagnall
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodSt. Lucia, BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Angela P Ruffell
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodSt. Lucia, BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sarah D George
- Elanco Australasia Pty LtdKemps CreekNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nicholas M Rolls
- Elanco Australasia Pty Ltd.Macquarie ParkNew South WalesAustralia
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Xu J, Liu Y, Li H, Tarashansky AJ, Kalicki CH, Hung RJ, Hu Y, Comjean A, Kolluru SS, Wang B, Quake SR, Luo L, McMahon AP, Dow JAT, Perrimon N. Transcriptional and functional motifs defining renal function revealed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203179119. [PMID: 35696569 PMCID: PMC9231607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203179119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell sequencing provide a unique opportunity to gain novel insights into the diversity, lineage, and functions of cell types constituting a tissue/organ. Here, we performed a single-nucleus study of the adult Drosophila renal system, consisting of Malpighian tubules and nephrocytes, which shares similarities with the mammalian kidney. We identified 11 distinct clusters representing renal stem cells, stellate cells, regionally specific principal cells, garland nephrocyte cells, and pericardial nephrocytes. Characterization of the transcription factors specific to each cluster identified fruitless (fru) as playing a role in stem cell regeneration and Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (Hnf4) in regulating glycogen and triglyceride metabolism. In addition, we identified a number of genes, including Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor at 64C (RhoGEF64c), Frequenin 2 (Frq2), Prip, and CG1093 that are involved in regulating the unusual star shape of stellate cells. Importantly, the single-nucleus dataset allows visualization of the expression at the organ level of genes involved in ion transport and junctional permeability, providing a systems-level view of the organization and physiological roles of the tubules. Finally, a cross-species analysis allowed us to match the fly kidney cell types to mouse kidney cell types and planarian protonephridia, knowledge that will help the generation of kidney disease models. Altogether, our study provides a comprehensive resource for studying the fly kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Alexander J. Tarashansky
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Colin H. Kalicki
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ruei-Jiun Hung
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sai Saroja Kolluru
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Andrew P. McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Julian A. T. Dow
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
- HHMI, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
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Wang K, Zhao J, Han Z, Chen M. Comparative transcriptome and RNA interference reveal CYP6DC1 and CYP380C47 related to lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in Rhopalosiphum padi. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 183:105088. [PMID: 35430059 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The bird-cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, is a serious agricultural pest of Triticeae crops, and pyrethroids are the most widely used chemical pesticides for the control of the aphid. Our previous studies found that some R. padi field populations have developed resistance against pyrethroids; an M918L target-site mutation of the voltage gated sodium channel was present in the pyrethroid resistant individuals, while the high-level resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin revealed the presence of other mechanisms in the pest. Here, we conducted genome-wide transcriptional analysis for the lambda-cyhalothrin susceptible (SS) and resistant (LC-RR) strains of R. padi. Results indicated that 2457 genes were differently expressed between the SS and LC-RR strains. In the LC-RR, a total of 1265 and 1192 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively. KEGG analysis implicated enrichment of P450 involved in insecticide metabolic pathways in the resistant transcriptome. qRT-PCR results confirmed that two P450 genes (CYP6DC1 and CYP380C47) were significantly overexpressed in the LC-RR individuals. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi) of CYP6DC1 or CYP380C47 significantly increased mortality of R. padi exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin. These results suggest that the overexpression of CYP6DC1 and CYP380C47 contributed to the lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in the pest. This study provides knowledge for further analyzing the molecular mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids in R. padi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaojun Han
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Zoh MG, Bonneville JM, Tutagata J, Laporte F, Fodjo BK, Mouhamadou CS, Sadia CG, McBeath J, Schmitt F, Horstmann S, Reynaud S, David JP. Experimental evolution supports the potential of neonicotinoid-pyrethroid combination for managing insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19501. [PMID: 34593941 PMCID: PMC8484614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of neonicotinoids for managing insecticide resistance in mosquitoes is of high interest as they interact with a biochemical target not previously used in public health. In this concern, Bayer developed a combination of the neonicotinoid clothianidin and the pyrethroid deltamethrin (brand name Fludora Fusion) as a new vector control tool. Although this combination proved to be efficient against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, its ability to prevent the selection of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid resistance alleles was not investigated. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the dynamics and the molecular mechanisms of resistance of An. gambiae to the separated or combined components of this combination. A field-derived An. gambiae line carrying resistance alleles to multiple insecticides at low frequencies was used as a starting for 33 successive generations of controlled selection. Resistance levels to each insecticide and target site mutation frequencies were monitored throughout the selection process. Cross resistance to other public health insecticides were also investigated. RNA-seq was used to compare gene transcription variations and polymorphisms across all lines. This study confirmed the potential of this insecticide combination to impair the selection of resistance as compared to its two separated components. Deltamethrin selection led to the rapid enrichment of the kdr L1014F target-site mutation. Clothianidin selection led to the over-transcription of multiple cytochrome P450s including some showing high homology with those conferring neonicotinoid resistance in other insects. A strong selection signature associated with clothianidin selection was also observed on a P450 gene cluster previously associated with resistance. Within this cluster, the gene CYP6M1 showed the highest selection signature together with a transcription profile supporting a role in clothianidin resistance. Modelling the impact of point mutations selected by clothianidin on CYP6M1 protein structure showed that selection retained a protein variant with a modified active site potentially enhancing clothianidin metabolism. In the context of the recent deployment of neonicotinoids for mosquito control and their frequent usage in agriculture, the present study highlights the benefit of combining them with other insecticides for preventing the selection of resistance and sustaining vector control activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gonse Zoh
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Bonneville
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Jordan Tutagata
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Frederic Laporte
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Behi K Fodjo
- Centre Suisse de La Recherche Scientifique (CSRS), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Christabelle Gba Sadia
- Centre Suisse de La Recherche Scientifique (CSRS), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,University of Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Justin McBeath
- Bayer CropScience Ltd, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Stephane Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France.
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Zoh MG, Gaude T, Prud'homme SM, Riaz MA, David JP, Reynaud S. Molecular bases of P450-mediated resistance to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in the mosquito Ae. aegypti. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 236:105860. [PMID: 34015756 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemical insecticides including pyrethroids, the main insecticide class used against mosquitoes, has re-kindled interest in the use of neonicotinoids. In this context, the present study aimed to characterize the molecular basis of neonicotinoid resistance in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Resistance mechanisms were studied by combining transcriptomic and genomic data obtained from a laboratory strain selected at the larval stage after 30 generations of exposure to imidacloprid (Imida-R line). After thirty generations of selection, larvae of the Imida-R line showed an 8-fold increased resistance to imidacloprid and a significant cross-tolerance to the pyrethroids permethrin and deltamethrin. Cross-resistance to pyrethroids was only observed in adults when larvae were previously exposed to imidacloprid suggesting a low but inducible expression of resistance alleles at the adult stage. Resistance of the Imida-R line was associated with a slower larval development time in females. Multiple detoxification enzymes were over-transcribed in larvae in association with resistance including the P450s CYP6BB2, CYP9M9 and CYP6M11 previously associated with pyrethroid resistance. Some of them together with their redox partner NADPH P450 reductase were also affected by non-synonymous mutations associated with resistance. Combining genomic and transcriptomic data allowed identifying promoter variations associated with the up-regulation of CYP6BB2 in the resistant line. Overall, these data confirm the key role of P450s in neonicotinoid resistance in Ae. aegypti and their potential to confer cross-resistance to pyrethroids, raising concerns about the use of neonicotinoids for resistance management in this mosquito species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gonse Zoh
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Thierry Gaude
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Muhammad Asam Riaz
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan.
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Resistance in the Genus Spodoptera: Key Insect Detoxification Genes. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060544. [PMID: 34208014 PMCID: PMC8230579 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes species that are among the most important crop pests in the world. These polyphagous species are able to feed on many plants, including corn, rice and cotton. In addition to their ability to adapt to toxic compounds produced by plants, they have developed resistance to the chemical insecticides used for their control. One of the main mechanisms developed by insects to become resistant involves detoxification enzymes. In this review, we illustrate some examples of the role of major families of detoxification enzymes such as cytochromes P450, carboxyl/cholinesterases, glutathione S-transferases (GST) and transporters such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in insecticide resistance. We compare available data for four species, Spodoptera exigua, S. frugiperda, S. littoralis and S. litura. Molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of these genes in resistance will be described, including the duplication of the CYP9A cluster, over-expression of GST epsilon or point mutations in acetylcholinesterase and ABCC2. This review is not intended to be exhaustive but to highlight the key roles of certain genes.
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8
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Gupta M, Singh S, Kaur G, Pandher S, Kaur N, Goel N, Kaur R, Rathore P. Transcriptome analysis unravels RNAi pathways genes and putative expansion of CYP450 gene family in cotton leafhopper Amrasca biguttula (Ishida). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4383-4396. [PMID: 34091816 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cotton Leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula is an important pest of cotton and okra in the Indian subcontinent. Presently limited genomic/transcriptomic information is available for this insect in any of open source databases. The present study reports the first assembled and annotated de novo transcriptome of cotton leafhopper. Out of 75,551 transcripts, 39,613 CDS (Coding Sequence) were predicted with 35,282 showing positive blast hits with NCBI nr database. The Gene ontology (GO) analysis annotated 7431 CDS with KEGG pathway categorizing these CDS into 22 different functional groups. The majority of CDS were annotated in signal transduction and transport catabolism pathways. The sequence data was screened for RNAi pathway genes and presence of 37 transcripts associated with this process confirmed the existence of robust RNAi machinery. The role of core RNAi machinery genes (Dicer-2, Ago-2, Piwi and Staufen) has been validated through dsRNA feeding studies. The data resource has also been used to identify potential RNAi targets and genes associated with insecticide detoxification specifically CYP 450 family. The current study provides a useful sequence resource which can be used to initiate molecular studies in this insect with emphasis on insecticide resistance, RNAi and functional genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Gupta
- Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Station, Circular Road, Faridko, 151203, Punjab, India.,Department of Poultry Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Satnam Singh
- Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Station, Circular Road, Faridko, 151203, Punjab, India.
| | - Gurmeet Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Station, Circular Road, Faridko, 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Suneet Pandher
- Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Station, Circular Road, Faridko, 151203, Punjab, India
| | | | - Neha Goel
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248195, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Station, Circular Road, Faridko, 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Rathore
- Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Station, Circular Road, Faridko, 151203, Punjab, India
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Souza D, Siegfried BD, Meinke LJ, Miller NJ. Molecular characterization of western corn rootworm pyrethroid resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:860-868. [PMID: 32946636 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Western corn rootworm (WCR) pyrethroid resistance has been confirmed in the western US Corn Belt. Toxicological and biochemical studies indicated that multiple mechanisms of resistance might be involved in the resistance trait, such as enhanced metabolism and/or kdr target-site mutation(s) in the voltage-gated sodium channels. To characterize the mechanisms of WCR pyrethroid resistance at the molecular level, pairwise comparisons were made between RNA-Seq data collected from pyrethroid-resistant and -susceptible WCR populations. Gene expression levels and sodium channel sequences were evaluated. RESULTS Seven transcripts exhibited significantly different expression (q ≤ 0.05) when comparing field-collected pyrethroid-resistant (R-Field) and -susceptible (S-Field) WCR populations. Three of the differentially expressed transcripts were P450s overexpressed in R-Field (9.2-26.2-fold). A higher number (99) of differentially expressed transcripts was found when comparing laboratory-derived pyrethroid-resistant (R-Lab) and -susceptible (S-Lab) WCR populations. Eight of the significant transcripts were P450s overexpressed in R-Lab (2.7-39.8-fold). This study did not detect kdr mutations in pyrethroid-resistant WCR populations. Other differentially expressed transcripts that may play a role in WCR pyrethroid resistance are discussed. CONCLUSION This study revealed that P450-mediated metabolism is likely to be a major mechanism of WCR pyrethroid resistance, which could affect the efficacy of other insecticides sharing similar metabolic pathways. Additionally, results suggested that although laboratory selection of a pyrethroid-resistant WCR population may help to characterize resistance mechanisms, a field-selected population provided rare and perhaps major variants corresponding to the resistance trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariane Souza
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Blair D Siegfried
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lance J Meinke
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Nicholas J Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Molecular basis of resistance to organophosphate insecticides in the New World screw-worm fly. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:562. [PMID: 33168079 PMCID: PMC7653728 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The emergence of insecticide resistance is a fast-paced example of the evolutionary process of natural selection. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of resistance in the myiasis-causing fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to dimethyl-organophosphate (OP) insecticides.
Methods
By sequencing the RNA from surviving larvae treated with dimethyl-OP (resistant condition) and non-treated larvae (control condition), we identified genes displaying condition-specific polymorphisms, as well as those differentially expressed.
Results
Both analyses revealed that resistant individuals have altered expression and allele-specific expression of genes involved in proteolysis (specifically serine-endopeptidase), olfactory perception and cuticle metabolism, among others. We also confirmed that resistant individuals carry almost invariably the Trp251Ser mutation in the esterase E3, known to confer OP and Pyrethroid resistance. Interestingly, genes involved in metabolic and detoxifying processes (notably cytochrome P450s) were found under-expressed in resistant individuals. An exception to this were esterases, which were found up-regulated.
Conclusions
These observations suggest that reduced penetration and aversion to dimethyl-OP contaminated food may be important complementary strategies of resistant individuals. The specific genes and processes found are an important starting point for future functional studies. Their role in insecticide resistance merits consideration to better the current pest management strategies.
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Huang J, Sun W, Seong KM, Mittapalli O, Ojo J, Coates B, Paige KN, Clark JM, Pittendrigh BR. Dietary antioxidant vitamin C influences the evolutionary path of insecticide resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 168:104631. [PMID: 32711765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects encounter a variety of toxic environmental substances ranging from ingested plant defensive compounds to human-introduced insecticidal agents. Dietary antioxidants are known to reduce the negative physiological impacts of toxins in mammalian systems through amelioration of reactive oxygen-related cellular damage. The analogous impacts to insects caused by multigenerational exposure to pesticides and the effects on adaptive responses within insect populations, however, are currently unknown. To address these research gaps, we used Drosophila as a model system to explore adaptive phenotypic responses to acute dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure in the presence of the dietary antioxidant vitamin C and to examine the structural genomic consequences of this exposure. DDT resistance increased significantly among four replicates exposed to a low concentration of DDT for 10 generations. In contrast, dietary intake of vitamin C significantly reduced DDT resistance after mutigenerational exposure to the same concentration of DDT. As to the genomic consequences, no significant differences were predicted in overall nucleotide substitution rates across the genome between any of the treatments. Despite this, replicates exposed to a low concentration of DDT without vitamin C showed the highest number of synonymous and non-synonymous variants (3196 in total), followed by the DDT plus vitamin C (1174 in total), and vitamin C alone (728 in total) treatments. This study demonstrates the potential role of diet (specifically, antioxidant intake) on adaptive genome responses, and thus on the evolution of pesticide resistance within insect populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Weilin Sun
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Keon Mook Seong
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - James Ojo
- Department of Crop Production, Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Brad Coates
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ken N Paige
- Department of Evolution, Ecology & Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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12
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Chen A, Zhang H, Shan T, Shi X, Gao X. The overexpression of three cytochrome P450 genes CYP6CY14, CYP6CY22 and CYP6UN1 contributed to metabolic resistance to dinotefuran in melon/cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 167:104601. [PMID: 32527429 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dinotefuran, the third-generation neonicotinoid, has been applied against melon/cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover in China. The risk of resistance development, cross-resistance pattern and potential resistance mechanism of dinotefuran in A. gossypii were investigated. A dinotefuran-resistant strain of A. gossypii (DinR) with 74.7-fold resistance was established by continuous selection using dinotefuran. The DinR strain showed a medium level of cross resistance to thiamethoxam (15.2-fold), but no cross resistance to imidacloprid. The synergism assay indicated that piperonyl butoxide and triphenyl phosphate showed synergistic effects on dinotefuran toxicity to the DinR strain with a synergistic ratio of 8.3 and 2.5, respectively, while diethyl maleate showed no synergistic effect. The activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and carboxylesterase were significantly higher in DinR strain than in susceptible strain (SS). Moreover, the gene expression results showed that CYP6CY14, CYP6CY22 and CYP6UN1 were significantly overexpressed in DinR strain compared with SS strain. The expression of CYP6CY14 was 5.8-fold higher in DinR strain than in SS strain. Additionally, the transcription of CYP6CY14, CYP6CY22 and CYP6UN1 in A. gossypii showed dose- and time-dependent responses to dinotefuran exposure. Furthermore, knockdown of CYP6CY14, CYP6CY22 and CYP6UN1 via RNA interference (RNAi) significantly increased mortality of A. gossypii, when A. gossypii was treated with dinotefuran. These results demonstrated the overexpression of CYP6CY14, CYP6CY22 and CYP6UN1 contributed to dinotefuran resistance in A. gossypii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tisheng Shan
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xueyan Shi
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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Wei F, Wang D, Li H, Xia P, Ran Y, You J. Toxicogenomics provides insights to toxicity pathways of neonicotinoids to aquatic insect, Chironomus dilutus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114011. [PMID: 31991362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides have posed a great threat to non-target organisms, yet the mechanisms underlying their toxicity are not well characterized. Major modes of action (MoAs) of imidacloprid were analyzed in an aquatic insect Chironomus dilutus. Lethal and sublethal outcomes were assessed in the midges after 96-h exposure to imidacloprid. Global transcriptomic profiles were determined using de novo RNA-sequencing to more holistically identify toxicity pathways. Transcriptional 10% biological potency values derived from ranked KEGG pathways and GO terms were 0.02 (0.01-0.08) (mean (95% confidence interval) and 0.05 (0.04-0.06) μg L-1, respectively, which were more sensitive than those from phenotypic traits (10% lethal concentration: 0.44 (0.23-0.79) μg L-1; 10% burrowing behavior concentration: 0.30 (0.22-0.43) μg L-1). Major MoAs of imidacloprid in aquatic species were identified as follows: the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) induced by imidacloprid impaired organisms' nerve system through calcium ion homeostasis imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction, which posed oxidative stress and DNA damage and eventually caused death of organisms. The current investigation highlighted that imidacloprid affected C. dilutus at environmentally relevant concentrations, and elucidated toxicity pathways derived from gene alteration to individual outcomes, calling for more attention to toxicity of neonicotinoids to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Pu Xia
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Yong Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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14
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Souza D, Jiménez AV, Sarath G, Meinke LJ, Miller NJ, Siegfried BD. Enhanced metabolism and selection of pyrethroid-resistant western corn rootworms (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 164:165-172. [PMID: 32284123 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Western corn rootworm (WCR) pyrethroid resistance has been previously reported in the United States (US) western Corn Belt, and cross-resistance and synergism studies suggested that both target site insensitivity and enhanced metabolism may be conferring WCR resistance to pyrethroids. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of WCR pyrethroid resistance and to estimate the heritability of the resistance trait. Biochemical assays using model substrates and spectrophotometry revealed 2-4-fold higher activity of P450s and esterases in pyrethroid-resistant WCR populations, whereas the biological activity of glutathione S-transferase was similar between populations tested. No mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel was detected in pyrethroid-resistant WCR individuals by sequencing PCR products containing the para-homologous L1014, T929, and M918 amino acid positions that are commonly associated with target site mutations in other pyrethroid-resistant insects. A pilot estimation of pyrethroid resistance heritability obtained during laboratory selection of a WCR population suggested a major genetic component of the resistance trait and predicted a 10-fold increase in WCR bifenthrin resistance within ~7 generations of insecticide lethal exposure. Results support earlier indirect evidence that enhanced metabolism may be contributing to WCR resistance to pyrethroids and illustrates the potential of WCR pyrethroid resistance evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariane Souza
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Entomology, Lincoln 68583, United States of America.
| | - Arnubio V Jiménez
- Universidad de Caldas, Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Gautam Sarath
- USDA-ARS, Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, Lincoln 68583, United States of America
| | - Lance J Meinke
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Entomology, Lincoln 68583, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J Miller
- Illinois Institute of Technology, College of Science, Chicago 60616, United States of America
| | - Blair D Siegfried
- University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology Department, Gainesville 32611, United States of America
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15
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Ma Z, Zhang Y, You C, Zeng X, Gao X. The role of G protein-coupled receptor-related genes in cytochrome P450-mediated resistance of the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), to imidacloprid. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:92-103. [PMID: 31456272 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-four putative G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were identified in the Musca domestica genome. They were annotated and compared with their homologues in Drosophila melanogaster. Phylogenetic analyses of the GPCRs from both species revealed that several family members shared a closer relationship based on the domain architecture. The expression profiles of these genes were examined by quantitative real-time PCR amongst three strains of the house fly, a near-isogenic line strain with imidacloprid resistance (N-IRS), the corresponding susceptible strain (CSS) and another strain derived from field populations with imidacloprid resistance (IRS). We found that five GPCR genes were upregulated in the N-IRS and eight GPCR genes were upregulated in the IRS strains compared to the CSS strain. The transgenic lines of D. melanogaster with the GPCR genes (LOC101899380 in the N-IRS strain and LOC101895664 in the IRS strain) exhibited significantly increased tolerance to imidacloprid, and higher expression of cytochrome P450 genes. Bioinformatic analysis of LOC101899380 was carried out based on its full-length nucleic acid sequence and putative amino acid sequence, and it was named Methuselah-like10 (Mthl10) owing to its homology with D. melanogaster Mthl10. A cell-base cell counting kit-8 toxicity assay demonstrated that the expression of the GPCR gene LOC101899380 in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells using a baculovirus-mediated expression system can elevate the cell tolerance to imidacloprid, indirectly supporting the hypothesis that the GPCR gene LOC101899380 plays some role in imidacloprid resistance. These results should be useful for furthering understanding of the regulatory pathway by which house flies develop resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ma
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - C You
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - X Zeng
- Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - X Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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16
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Seong KM, Mittapalli O, Clark JM, Pittendrigh BR. A review of DDT resistance as it pertains to the 91-C and 91-R strains in Drosophila melanogaster. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 161:86-94. [PMID: 31685201 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While insecticide resistance presents a challenge for those intent on controlling insect populations, these challenges have also generated a set of tools that can be used to ask fundamental biological questions about that resistance. Numerous species of insects have evolved resistance to multiple classes of insecticides. Each one of these species and their respective resistant populations represent a potential tool for understanding the molecular basis of the evolution of resistance. However, in-laboratory maintenance of resistant insect populations (and their comparative susceptible populations) suitable for asking the needed set of questions around the molecular consequences of long-term pesticide exposure requires a significant, in places prohibitive, level of resources. Drosophila melanogaster (hereafter referred to as Drosophila) is a model insect system with populations easily selected with pesticides and readily maintainable over decades. Even within Drosophila, however, few populations exist where long-term pesticide selection has occurred along with contrasting non-selected population. As such, the Drosophila 91-C and 91-R populations, which exhibit insecticide resistance to DDT (91-R), compared to a non-selection population (91-C), represent a unique resource for the study of high level DDT resistance. Moreover, with the availability of "omics" technologies over the past several decades, this paired population has emerged as a useful tool for understanding both the molecular basis of pesticide resistance and the molecular consequences of long-term pesticide exposure. In this review, we summarize the studies with these aforementioned populations over the past several decades, addressing what has been learned from these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon Mook Seong
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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17
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Zhang H, Hall N, Goertzen LR, Bi B, Chen CY, Peatman E, Lowe EK, Patel J, McElroy JS. Development of a goosegrass (Eleusine indica) draft genome and application to weed science research. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2776-2784. [PMID: 30851005 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomes are vital to the study of genomics, population genetics, and evolution of species. To date, only one genome (Echinochloa crus-galli) for C4 annual weedy grass species has been sequenced. Research was conducted to develop a draft genome of goosegrass (Eleusine indica; 2n = 2x = 18), one of the most common and troublesome weeds in the world. RESULTS A draft assembly of an approximately 492 Mb whole-genome sequence of goosegrass was obtained by de novo assembly of paired-end and mate-paired reads generated by Illumina sequencing of total genomic DNA. The genome was assembled into 24,072 scaffolds with N50 = 233,459 bp. More than 99% of transcriptome sequences were mapped to the goosegrass draft genome, and 95% of the commonly conserved plant genes were present. The assembled genome contains 25,467 unique protein-coding genes. Genes associated with herbicide resistance were obtained and variant calling allowed the detection of 754,409 single nucleotide polymorphisms. In addition, we also report 115,417 simple sequence repeats which can be deployed in population genetics and phylogenetic analysis. CONCLUSION This is the first report of genome sequence of goosegrass. Our assembly was able to identify all major herbicide-resistance related genes and develop a useful tool for other genomic and evolutionary analysis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nathan Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Leslie R Goertzen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Bo Bi
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Charles Y Chen
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Eric Peatman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Elijah K Lowe
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jinesh Patel
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Joseph S McElroy
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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18
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Martinson EO, Siebert AL, He M, Kelkar YD, Doucette LA, Werren JH. Evaluating the evolution and function of the dynamic Venom Y protein in ectoparasitoid wasps. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 28:499-508. [PMID: 30636014 PMCID: PMC6606371 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Venom of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis changes the metabolism and gene expression in its fly host Sarcophaga bullata to induce developmental arrest, suppression of the immune response and various other venom effects. Yet, the venom of ectoparasitoid wasps has not been fully characterized. A major component of N. vitripennis venom is an uncharacterized, high-expressing protein referred to as Venom Y. Here we describe the evolutionary history and possible functions of this venom protein. We found that Venom Y is a relatively young gene that has duplicated to form two distinct paralogue groups. A copy of Venom Y has been recruited as a venom protein in at least five wasp species. Functional analysis found that Venom Y affects detoxification and immunity genes in envenomated fly hosts. Many of these genes are fat-body specific, suggesting that Venom Y may have a targeted effect on fat body tissue. We also show that Venom Y may mitigate negative effects of other venom proteins. Finally, protein sequencing indicates that Venom Y is post-translationally modified. This study contributes to elucidating parasitoid venom by using RNA interference knockdown to investigate venom protein function in the context of the whole venom cocktail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen O. Martinson
- Biology Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
- Current Address: Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Aisha L. Siebert
- Translational Biomedical Science Department, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14627 USA
- Current Address: Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Mengni He
- Biology Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
- Current Address: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | | | - Luticha A. Doucette
- Biology Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
- Current Address: Mayor’s Office of Innovation, Rochester, NY 14614 USA
| | - John H. Werren
- Biology Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
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Wang J, Fan H, Wang P, Liu YH. Expression Analysis Reveals the Association of Several Genes with Pupal Diapause in Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10060169. [PMID: 31200584 PMCID: PMC6628110 DOI: 10.3390/insects10060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax, is a devastating pest of citrus, which enters the obligatory diapause in overwintering pupae to resist harsh environmental conditions. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying pupal diapause. The previous transcriptomic analysis revealed that a large number of genes were regulated throughout the pupal stage. Of these genes, 12 and six ones that are remarkably up- and downregulated, respectively, specifically in intense diapause were manually screened out in present study. To validate the expression of these genes throughout the pupal stage, the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted, and the genes displaying different expression patterns with those of previous study were excluded. Then, the expressions of remaining genes were compared between diapause-destined and non-diapause-destined pupae to reveal their association with diapause using qRT-PCR and semiquantitative PCR. Finally, five genes, TTLL3B, Cyp6a9, MSTA, Fru, and UC2, and two genes, KSPI and LYZ1, were demonstrated to be positively and negatively associated with diapause, respectively. These findings provide a solid foundation for the further investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying B. minax pupal diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Huan Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Pan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Ying-Hong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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20
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Antony B, Johny J, Abdelazim MM, Jakše J, Al-Saleh MA, Pain A. Global transcriptome profiling and functional analysis reveal that tissue-specific constitutive overexpression of cytochrome P450s confers tolerance to imidacloprid in palm weevils in date palm fields. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:440. [PMID: 31151384 PMCID: PMC6545022 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (P450s), constituting one of the largest and oldest gene superfamilies found in many organisms from bacteria to humans, play a vital role in the detoxification and inactivation of endogenous toxic compounds. The use of various insecticides has increased over the last two decades, and insects have developed resistance to most of these compounds through the detoxifying function of P450s. In this study, we focused on the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, the most devastating pest of palm trees worldwide, and demonstrated through functional analysis that upregulation of P450 gene expression has evolved as an adaptation to insecticide stress arising from exposure to the neonicotinoid-class systematic insecticide imidacloprid. Results Based on the RPW global transcriptome analysis, we identified 101 putative P450 genes, including 77 likely encoding protein coding genes with ubiquitous expression. A phylogenetic analysis revealed extensive functional and species-specific diversification of RPW P450s, indicating that multiple CYPs actively participated in the detoxification process. We identified highly conserved paralogs of insect P450s that likely play a role in the development of resistance to imidacloprid: Drosophila Cyp6g1 (CYP6345J1) and Bemisia tabaci CYP4C64 (CYP4LE1). We performed a toxicity bioassay and evaluated the induction of P450s, followed by the identification of overexpressed P450s, including CYP9Z82, CYP6fra5, CYP6NR1, CYP6345J1 and CYP4BD4, which confer cross-resistance to imidacloprid. In addition, under imidacloprid insecticide stress in a date palm field, we observed increased expression of various P450 genes, with CYP9Z82, CYP4BD4, CYP6NR1 and CYP6345J1 being the most upregulated detoxification genes in RPWs. Expression profiling and cluster analysis revealed P450 genes with multiple patterns of induction and differential expression. Furthermore, we used RNA interference to knock down the overexpressed P450s, after which a toxicity bioassay and quantitative expression analysis revealed likely candidates involved in metabolic resistance against imidacloprid in RPW. Ingestion of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) successfully knocked down the expression of CYP9Z82, CYP6NR1 and CYP345J1 and demonstrated that silencing of CYP345J1 and CYP6NR1 significantly decreased the survival rate of adult RPWs treated with imidacloprid, indicating that overexpression of these two P450s may play an important role in developing tolerance to imidacloprid in a date palm field. Conclusion Our study provides useful background information on imidacloprid-specific induction and overexpression of P450s, which may enable the development of diagnostic tools/markers for monitoring the spread of insecticide resistant RPWs. The observed trend of increasing tolerance to imidacloprid in the date palm field therefore indicated that strategies for resistance management are urgently needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5837-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Antony
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Chair of Date Palm Research, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jibin Johny
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Chair of Date Palm Research, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Abdelazim
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Chair of Date Palm Research, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jernej Jakše
- Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mohammed Ali Al-Saleh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Chair of Date Palm Research, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Structural Variants and Selective Sweep Foci Contribute to Insecticide Resistance in the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:3489-3497. [PMID: 30190421 PMCID: PMC6222580 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of nucleotide polymorphism within populations of Drosophila melanogaster suggest that insecticides have been the selective agents driving the strongest recent bouts of positive selection. However, there is a need to explicitly link selective sweeps to the particular insecticide phenotypes that could plausibly account for the drastic selective responses that are observed in these non-target insects. Here, we screen the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel with two common insecticides; malathion (an organophosphate) and permethrin (a pyrethroid). Genome-wide association studies map survival on malathion to two of the largest sweeps in the D. melanogaster genome; Ace and Cyp6g1. Malathion survivorship also correlates with lines which have high levels of Cyp12d1, Jheh1 and Jheh2 transcript abundance. Permethrin phenotypes map to the largest cluster of P450 genes in the Drosophila genome, however in contrast to a selective sweep driven by insecticide use, the derived allele seems to be associated with susceptibility. These results underscore previous findings that highlight the importance of structural variation to insecticide phenotypes: Cyp6g1 exhibits copy number variation and transposable element insertions, Cyp12d1 is tandemly duplicated, the Jheh loci are associated with a Bari1 transposable element insertion, and a Cyp6a17 deletion is associated with susceptibility.
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Kim JH, Moreau JA, Zina JM, Mazgaeen L, Yoon KS, Pittendrigh BR, Clark JM. Identification and interaction of multiple genes resulting in DDT resistance in the 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster by RNAi approaches. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 151:90-99. [PMID: 30704719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been re-recommended by the World Health Organization for malaria mosquito control. Previous DDT use has resulted in resistance, and with continued use resistance will likely increase in terms of level and extent. Drosophila melanogaster is a model dipteran with a well annotated genome allowing both forward and reverse genetic manipulation, numerous studies done on insecticide resistance mechanisms, and is related to malaria mosquitoes allowing for extrapolation. The 91-R strain of D. melanogaster is highly resistant to DDT (>1500-fold) and recently, reduced penetration, increased detoxification, and direct excretion have been identified as resistance mechanisms. Their interactions, however, remain unclear. Use of Gal4/UAS-RNAi transgenic lines of D. melanogaster allowed for the targeted knockdown of genes putatively involved in DDT resistance and has identified the role of several cuticular proteins (Cyp4g1 and Lcp1), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (Cyp6g1 and Cyp12d1), and ATP binding cassette transporters (Mdr50, Mdr65, and Mrp1) involved in decreased sensitivity to DDT. These above findings have been further validated in 91-R flies using a nanoparticle-enhanced RNAi strategy, directly implication these genes in DDT resistance in 91-R flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyeon Kim
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Joseph A Moreau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jake M Zina
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lalita Mazgaeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - Kyong Sup Yoon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - Barry R Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J Marshall Clark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Harrop TW, Denecke S, Yang YT, Chan J, Daborn PJ, Perry T, Batterham P. Evidence for activation of nitenpyram by a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 in Drosophila melanogaster. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1616-1622. [PMID: 29316188 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitenpyram is a member of the economically important neonicotinoid class of insecticides. The in vivo metabolism of nitenpyram is not well characterised, but cytochrome P450 activity is the major mechanism of resistance to neonicotinoids identified in insect pests, and P450s metabolise other neonicotinoids including imidacloprid. RESULTS Here, we used the GAL4-UAS targeted expression system to direct RNA interference (RNAi) against the cytochrome P450 redox partners to interrupt P450 functions in specific tissues in Drosophila melanogaster. RNAi of the mitochondrial redox partner defective in the avoidance of repellents (dare) in the digestive tissues reduced nitenpyram mortality, suggesting an activation step in the metabolism of nitenpyram carried out by a mitochondrial P450. RNAi of the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 Cyp12a5, which is expressed in the digestive tissues, resulted in the same phenotype, and transgenic overexpression of Cyp12a5 increased nitenpyram sensitivity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that in vivo metabolism of nitenpyram by the mitochondrial P450 CYP12A5 results in the formation of a product with higher toxicity than the parent compound. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wr Harrop
- Department of Biochemistry, The Laboratory for Evolution and Development, The University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, Aotearoa-New Zealand
- Department of Genetics and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane Denecke
- Department of Genetics and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ying Ting Yang
- Department of Genetics and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Janice Chan
- Department of Genetics and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phillip J Daborn
- Department of Genetics and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trent Perry
- Department of Genetics and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Batterham
- Department of Genetics and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Homem RA, Davies TGE. An overview of functional genomic tools in deciphering insecticide resistance. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 27:103-110. [PMID: 30025625 PMCID: PMC6060081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this short review, we highlight three functional genomic technologies that have recently been contributing to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning insecticide resistance: the GAL4/UAS system, a molecular tool used to express genes of interest in a spatiotemporal controlled manner; the RNAi system, which is used to knock-down gene expression; and the most recently developed gene editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9, which can be used to knock-out and knock-in sequences of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A Homem
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Thomas G Emyr Davies
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
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25
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Van Timmeren S, Mota-Sanchez D, Wise JC, Isaacs R. Baseline susceptibility of spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) to four key insecticide classes. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:78-87. [PMID: 28815867 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The invasive drosophilid pest, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is affecting berry production in most fruit-producing regions of the world. Chemical control is the dominant management approach, creating concern for insecticide resistance in this pest. We compared the insecticide susceptibility of D. suzukii populations collected from conventional, organic or insecticide-free blueberry sites. RESULTS The sensitivity of D. suzukii to malathion and spinetoram declined slightly across the 3 years of monitoring, whereas it was more consistent for methomyl and zeta-cypermethrin. The sensitivity of D. suzukii to all four insecticides (LC50 and LC90 values) did not differ significantly among the blueberry fields using different management practices. CONCLUSIONS The baseline sensitivity of D. suzukii has been characterized, allowing future comparisons if field failures of chemical control are reported. The concentration achieving high control indicates that effective levels of control can still be achieved with field rates of these four insecticides. However, declining susceptibility of some populations of D. suzukii to some key insecticides highlights the need for resistance monitoring. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Mota-Sanchez
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John C Wise
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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26
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Merritt TJS, Bewick AJ. Genetic Diversity in Insect Metal Tolerance. Front Genet 2017; 8:172. [PMID: 29163639 PMCID: PMC5673992 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects encounter a variety of metals in their environment, many of which are required at some concentration for normal organismal homeostasis, but essentially all of which are toxic at higher concentrations. Insects have evolved a variety of genetic, and likely epigenetic, mechanisms to deal with metal stress. A recurring theme in all these systems is complexity and diversity; even simple, single gene, cases are complex. Of the known gene families, the metallothioneins are perhaps the best understood and provide good examples of how diverse metal response is. Interestingly, there is considerable diversity across taxa in these metal-responsive systems, including duplications to form small gene families and complex expression of single loci. Strikingly, different species have evolved different mechanisms to cope with the same, or similar, stress suggesting both independent derivation of, and plasticity in, the pathways involved. It is likely that some metal-response systems evolved early in evolutionary time and have been conserved, while others have diverged, and still others evolved more recently and convergently. In addition to conventional genetics, insects likely respond to environmental metal through a variety of epigenetic systems, but direct tests are lacking. Ultimately, it is likely that classical genetic and epigenetic factors interact in regulating insect metal responses. In light of this diversity across species, future studies including a broad-based examination of gene expression in non-model species in complex environments will likely uncover additional genes and genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J S Merritt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J Bewick
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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27
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Kalsi M, Palli SR. Cap n collar transcription factor regulates multiple genes coding for proteins involved in insecticide detoxification in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:43-52. [PMID: 28951207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In invertebrates, a heterodimer of xenobiotic transcription factors, cap n collar C isoform (CncC) and muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis (Maf) mediate cellular defense. In insects, these proteins regulate expression of genes involved in insecticide detoxification. In the current study, we performed sequencing of cDNA copied from RNA isolated from Tribolium castaneum pyrethroid resistant strain (QTC279) beetles injected with CncC or green fluorescence protein (GFP, control) dsRNA. Differential expression analysis of sequences identified 662 genes that showed a decrease and 91 genes that showed an increase in expression (p value ≤ 0.01 and log2 fold change of ≥ 1.5) in CncC knockdown insects when compared to their expression in control insects. We selected a subset of 27 downregulated genes and verified their differential expression using qRT-PCR. This subset of 27 genes included 21 genes with a predicted function in xenobiotic detoxification. RNAi and insecticide bioassays were employed to study the function of six of these genes coding for CYP4G7, CYP4G14, GST-1 and four ABC transporters, ABCA-UB, ABCA-A1 and ABCA-A1L and ABCA-9B involved in all three phases of insecticide detoxification. These data suggest that CncC regulates genes coding for proteins involved in detoxification of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kalsi
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
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28
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Le Goff G, Hilliou F. Resistance evolution in Drosophila: the case of CYP6G1. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:493-499. [PMID: 27787942 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The massive use of DDT as an insecticide between 1940 and 1970 has resulted in the emergence of a resistant population of insects. One of the main metabolic mechanisms developed by resistant insects involves detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450s. These enzymes can metabolise the insecticide to render it less toxic and facilitate its elimination from the organism. The P450 Cyp6g1 was identified as the major factor responsible for DDT resistance in Drosophila melanogaster field populations. In this article, we review the data available for this gene since it was associated with resistance in 2002. The knowledge gained on Cyp6g1 allows a better understanding of the evolution of insecticide resistance mechanisms and highlights the major role of transposable elements in evolutionary processes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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29
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Hawkes MF, Gamble CE, Turner ECR, Carey MR, Wedell N, Hosken DJ. Intralocus sexual conflict and insecticide resistance. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20161429. [PMID: 27881743 PMCID: PMC5136577 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The BA allele of the Drosophila cytochrome P450 gene Cyp6g1 confers resistance to a range of insecticides. It is also subject to intralocus sexual conflict when introgressed into the Canton-S background, whose collection predates the widespread use of insecticides. In this genetic background, the allele confers a pleiotropic fitness benefit to females but a cost to males, and exhibits little sexual dimorphism in conferred insecticide resistance. It is unclear whether these sexually antagonistic effects also exist in current populations that have naturally evolved with insecticides, where genetic modifiers that offset male costs might be expected to evolve. Here, we explore these issues using Drosophila melanogaster caught recently from an Australian population in which the BA allele naturally segregates. While we find increased fecundity in insecticide-resistant BA females and no consistent evidence of fitness costs in males, experimental evolution indicates balancing selection at the locus. We suggest that this apparent discrepancy may be due to reduced investment in reproduction in resistant males. Our results at the population level are consistent with previous work, and suggest that individual-level fitness assays do not always capture sexually antagonistic fitness effects that emerge in a population context.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Hawkes
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Tremough, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - C E Gamble
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Tremough, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - E C R Turner
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Tremough, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - M R Carey
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Tremough, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - N Wedell
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Tremough, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - D J Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Tremough, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
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30
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Shao ES, Lin GF, Liu S, Ma XL, Chen MF, Lin L, Wu SQ, Sha L, Liu ZX, Hu XH, Guan X, Zhang LL. Identification of transcripts involved in digestion, detoxification and immune response from transcriptome of Empoasca vitis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) nymphs. Genomics 2016; 109:58-66. [PMID: 27867104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tea production has been significantly impacted by the false-eye leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (Göthe), around Asia. To identify the key genes which are responsible for nutrition absorption, xenobiotic metabolism and immune response, the transcriptome of either alimentary tracts or bodies minus alimentary tract of E. vitis was sequenced and analyzed. Over 31 million reads were obtained from Illumina sequencing. De novo sequence assembly resulted in 52,182 unigenes with a mean size of 848nt. The assembled unigenes were then annotated using various databases. Transcripts of at least 566 digestion-, 224 detoxification-, and 288 immune-related putative genes in E. vitis were identified. In addition, relative expression of highly abundant transcripts was verified through quantitative real-time PCR. Results from this investigation provide genomic information about E. vitis, which will be helpful in further study of E. vitis biology and in the development of novel strategies to control this devastating pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Si Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; China National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Gui-Fang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Sijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States.
| | - Xiao-Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ming-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Song-Qing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Li Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhao-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, School of Life Science, Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Key Lab of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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31
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Trends and Challenges in Pesticide Resistance Detection. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:834-853. [PMID: 27475253 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide resistance is a crucial factor to be considered when developing strategies for the minimal use of pesticides while maintaining pesticide efficacy. This goal requires monitoring the emergence and development of resistance to pesticides in crop pests. To this end, various methods for resistance diagnosis have been developed for different groups of pests. This review provides an overview of biological, biochemical, and molecular methods that are currently used to detect and quantify pesticide resistance. The agronomic, technical, and economic advantages and drawbacks of each method are considered. Emerging technologies are also described, with their associated challenges and their potential for the detection of resistance mechanisms likely to be selected by current and future plant protection methods.
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32
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Shi L, Zhang J, Shen G, Xu Z, Xu Q, He L. Collaborative contribution of six cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes to fenpropathrin resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:653-665. [PMID: 27351452 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), as an important family of detoxification enzymes, participate in the metabolism of agrochemicals in almost all agricultural pests and play important roles in the development of insecticide resistance. Two P450 genes (CYP389B1 and CYP392A26) were identified and their expression patterns were investigated in our previous study. In this study, four more P450 gene sequences (CYP391A1, CYP384A1, CYP392D11 and CYP392A28) from the Clan 2, Clan 3 and Clan 4 families were identified and characterized. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that these four P450 genes were highly expressed in a fenpropathrin-resistant (FeR) strain of Tetranychus cinnabarinus. In addition, their expressions were much more sensitive to fenpropathrin induction in the FeR strain than the susceptible strain. Gene-silencing experiments via double-stranded RNA feeding were carried out. The results showed that mRNA levels of these six P450 genes were reduced in the FeR strain and the activities of P450s were decreased. Consequently mite susceptibilities to fenpropathrin were increased. Interestingly, silencing all six P450 genes simultaneously had an even greater effect on resistance than silencing them individually. This study increases our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of insecticide detoxification, suggesting that the overexpression of these six P450 genes might play important roles in fenpropathrin resistance in T. cinnabarinus collaboratively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shi
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - G Shen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Xu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Q Xu
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - L He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Xu L, Li D, Qin J, Zhao W, Qiu L. Over-expression of multiple cytochrome P450 genes in fenvalerate-resistant field strains of Helicoverpa armigera from north of China. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 132:53-58. [PMID: 27521913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid resistance was one of the main reasons for control failure of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in China. The promotion of Bt crops decreased the application of chemical insecticides in controlling H.armigera. However, the cotton bollworm still kept high levels of resistance to fenvalerate. In this study, the resistance levels of 8 field-collected strains of H. armigera from north of China to 4 insecticides, as well as the expression levels of related P450 genes were investigated. The results of bioassay indicated that the resistance levels to fenvalerate in the field strains varied from 5.4- to 114.7-fold, while the resistance levels to lambda-cyhalothrin, phoxim and methomyl were low, which were ranged from 1.5- to 5.2-, 0.2- to 1.6-, and 2.9- to 8.3- fold, respectively, compared to a susceptible strain. Synergistic experiment showed that PBO was the most effective synergist in increasing the sensitivity of H. armigera to fenvalerate, suggesting that P450 enzymes were involved in the pyrethroid resistance in the field strains. The results of quantitative RT-PCR indicated that eight P450 genes (CYP332A1, CYP4L11, CYP4L5, CYP4M6, CYP4M7, CYP6B7, CYP9A12, CYP9A14) were all significantly overexpressed in Hejian1 and Xiajin1 strains of H. armigera collected in 2013, and CYP4L5 was significantly overexpressed in all the 6 field strains collected in 2014. CYP332A1, CYP6B7 and CYP9A12 had very high overexpression levels in all the field strains, indicating their important roles in fenvalerate resistance. The results suggested that multiple P450 genes were involved in the high-level fenvalerate-resistance in different field strains of H. armigera collected from north of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongzhi Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianying Qin
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weisong Zhao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Kankare M, Parker DJ, Merisalo M, Salminen TS, Hoikkala A. Transcriptional Differences between Diapausing and Non-Diapausing D. montana Females Reared under the Same Photoperiod and Temperature. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161852. [PMID: 27571415 PMCID: PMC5003386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wide range of insects living at higher latitudes enter diapause at the end of the warm season, which increases their chances of survival through harsh winter conditions. In this study we used RNA sequencing to identify genes involved in adult reproductive diapause in a northern fly species, Drosophila montana. Both diapausing and non-diapausing flies were reared under a critical day length and temperature, where about half of the emerging females enter diapause enabling us to eliminate the effects of varying environmental conditions on gene expression patterns of the two types of female flies. RESULTS RNA sequencing revealed large differences between gene expression patterns of diapausing and non-diapausing females, especially in genes involved with metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and metal and nucleotide binding. Differently expressed genes included several gene groups, including myosin, actin and cytochromeP450 genes, which have been previously associated with diapause. This study also identified new candidate genes, including some involved in cuticular hydrocarbon synthesis or regulation (desat1 and desat2), and acyl-CoA Δ11-desaturase activity (CG9747), and few odorant-binding protein genes (e.g. Obp44A). Also, several transposable elements (TEs) showed differential expression between the two female groups motivating future research on their roles in diapause. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the adult reproductive diapause in D. montana involves changes in the expression level of a variety of genes involved in key processes (e.g. metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis) which help diapausing females to cope with overwintering. This is consistent with the view that diapause is a complex adaptive phenotype where not only sexual maturation is arrested, but also changes in adult physiology are required in order to survive over the winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaria Kankare
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Darren J. Parker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Mikko Merisalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiina S. Salminen
- BioMediTech, Biokatu 6, F1-33014, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anneli Hoikkala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Hu JS, Li FC, Xu KZ, Ni M, Wang BB, Tian JH, Li YY, Shen WD, Li B. Mechanisms of TiO2 NPs-induced phoxim metabolism in silkworm (Bombyx mori) fat body. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 129:89-94. [PMID: 27017887 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm is an important economic insect. Abuse of organophosphorus pesticides in recent years often leads to poisoning of silkworms, which significantly affects sericulture development by reducing silk production. Previous studies have shown that TiO2 NPs can effectively mitigate the damages caused by organophosphorus pesticides in silk glands and nerve tissues. The fat body is an important metabolic detoxification organ of silkworms, but it is unknown whether TiO2 NPs affect pesticide metabolism in fat body. In this study, we characterized the transcription of antioxidant genes and enzyme activity in fat body after TiO2 NPs and phoxim treatments using transcriptome sequencing, real-time PCR, and enzyme activity assay. Transcriptome sequencing detected 10 720, 10 641, 10 403, and 10 489 genes for control group, TiO2 NPs group, phoxim group, and TiO2 NPs+phoxim group, respectively. The TiO2 NPs+phoxim group had 705 genes with significantly differential expression (FDR<0.001), among which the antioxidant genes thioredoxin reductase 1 and glutathione S-transferase omega 3 were significantly upregulated. In phoxim group, the expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase delta (GSTd), and thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx) were increased by 1.365 -fold, 1.335 -fold, 1.642 -fold, and 1.765 -fold, respectively. The level changes of SOD, CAT, GSTd, and TPx were validated by real time PCR. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were increased by 1.598 -fold, 1.946 -fold, and 1.506 -fold, respectively, indicating that TiO2 NPs treatment can relieve phoxim-induced oxidative stress. To clarify the mechanism of TiO2 NPs's effect, the transcription levels of P450 gene family were measured for the TiO2 NPs+phoxim group; the expression levels of CYP4M5, CYP6AB4, CYP6A8, and CYP9G3 were elevated by 2.784 -fold, 3.047 -fold, 2.254 -fold, and 4.253 -fold, respectively, suggesting that high expression of P450 family genes can enhance the metabolism of phoxim in the fat body. The results of this study indicated that TiO2 NPs treatment promoted the transcriptional expression of the P450 family genes to improve the fat body's ability to metabolize phoxim and reduce phoxim-induced oxidative stress. This may be the main mechanism of TiO2 NPs' mitigation of phoxim-induced damages in the fat body.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - F C Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - K Z Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - M Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - B B Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - J H Tian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Y Y Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - W D Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - B Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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Splice form variant and amino acid changes in MDR49 confers DDT resistance in transgenic Drosophila. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23355. [PMID: 27003579 PMCID: PMC4802207 DOI: 10.1038/srep23355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represent a superfamily of proteins that have important physiological roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In insects, ABC transporters have previously been implicated in insecticide resistance. The 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster has been intensely selected with DDT over six decades. A recent selective sweeps analysis of 91-R implicated the potential role of MDR49, an ABC transporter, in DDT resistance, however, to date the details of how MDR49 may play a role in resistance have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the impact of structural changes and an alternative splicing event in MDR49 on DDT-resistance in 91-R, as compared to the DDT susceptible strain 91-C. We observed three amino acid differences in MDR49 when 91-R was compared with 91-C, and only one isoform (MDR49B) was implicated in DDT resistance. A transgenic Drosophila strain containing the 91-R-MDR49B isoform had a significantly higher LD50 value as compared to the 91-C-MDR49B isoform at the early time points (6 h to 12 h) during DDT exposure. Our data support the hypothesis that the MDR49B isoform, with three amino acid mutations, plays a role in the early aspects of DDT resistance in 91-R.
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Coates BS, Alves AP, Wang H, Zhou X, Nowatzki T, Chen H, Rangasamy M, Robertson HM, Whitfield CW, Walden KK, Kachman SD, French BW, Meinke LJ, Hawthorne D, Abel CA, Sappington TW, Siegfried BD, Miller NJ. Quantitative trait locus mapping and functional genomics of an organophosphate resistance trait in the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:1-15. [PMID: 26566705 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is an insect pest of corn and population suppression with chemical insecticides is an important management tool. Traits conferring organophosphate insecticide resistance have increased in frequency amongst D. v. virgifera populations, resulting in the reduced efficacy in many corn-growing regions of the USA. We used comparative functional genomic and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approaches to investigate the genetic basis of D. v. virgifera resistance to the organophosphate methyl-parathion. RNA from adult methyl-parathion resistant and susceptible adults was hybridized to 8331 microarray probes. The results predicted that 11 transcripts were significantly up-regulated in resistant phenotypes, with the most significant (fold increases ≥ 2.43) being an α-esterase-like transcript. Differential expression was validated only for the α-esterase (ST020027A20C03), with 11- to 13-fold greater expression in methyl-parathion resistant adults (P < 0.05). Progeny with a segregating methyl-parathion resistance trait were obtained from a reciprocal backcross design. QTL analyses of high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism genotype data predicted involvement of a single genome interval. These data suggest that a specific carboyxesterase may function in field-evolved corn rootworm resistance to organophosphates, even though direct linkage between the QTL and this locus could not be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Coates
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - A P Alves
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - H Wang
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - X Zhou
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - T Nowatzki
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - H Chen
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - K K Walden
- University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - B W French
- USDA-ARS, North-Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Brooking, SD, USA
| | - L J Meinke
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - D Hawthorne
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - C A Abel
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - T W Sappington
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - N J Miller
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Huang Y, Lu XP, Wang LL, Wei D, Feng ZJ, Zhang Q, Xiao LF, Dou W, Wang JJ. Functional characterization of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase from Bactrocera dorsalis: Possible involvement in susceptibility to malathion. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18394. [PMID: 26681597 PMCID: PMC4683403 DOI: 10.1038/srep18394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is essential for cytochrome P450 catalysis, which is important in the detoxification and activation of xenobiotics. In this study, two transcripts of Bactrocera dorsalis CPR (BdCPR) were cloned, and the deduced amino-acid sequence had an N-terminus membrane anchor for BdCPR-X1 and three conserved binding domains (FMN, FAD, and NADP), as well as an FAD binding motif and catalytic residues for both BdCPR-X1 and BdCPR-X2. BdCPR-X1 was detected to have the high expression levels in adults and in Malpighian tubules, fat bodies, and midguts of adults, but BdCPR-X2 expressed lowly in B. dorsalis. The levels of BdCPRs were similar in malathion-resistant strain compared to susceptible strain. However, injecting adults with double-stranded RNA against BdCPR significantly reduced the transcript levels of the mRNA, and knockdown of BdCPR increased adult susceptibility to malathion. Expressing complete BdCPR-X1 cDNA in Sf9 cells resulted in high activity determined by cytochrome c reduction and these cells had higher viability after exposure to malathion than control. The results suggest that BdCPR could affect the susceptibility of B. dorsalis to malathion and eukaryotic expression of BdCPR would lay a solid foundation for further investigation of P450 in B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Luo-Luo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Jiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Fan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
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Ilias A, Lagnel J, Kapantaidaki DE, Roditakis E, Tsigenopoulos CS, Vontas J, Tsagkarakou A. Transcription analysis of neonicotinoid resistance in Mediterranean (MED) populations of B. tabaci reveal novel cytochrome P450s, but no nAChR mutations associated with the phenotype. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:939. [PMID: 26573457 PMCID: PMC4647701 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bemisia tabaci is one of the most damaging agricultural pests world-wide. Although its control is based on insecticides, B. tabaci has developed resistance against almost all classes of insecticides, including neonicotinoids. Results We employed an RNA-seq approach to generate genome wide expression data and identify genes associated with neonicotinoid resistance in Mediterranean (MED) B. tabaci (Q1 biotype). Twelve libraries from insecticide resistant and susceptible whitefly populations were sequenced on an Illumina Next-generation sequencing platform, and genomic sequence information of approximately 73 Gbp was generated. A reference transcriptome was built by de novo assembly and functionally annotated. A total of 146 P450s, 18 GSTs and 23 CCEs enzymes (unigenes) potentially involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics were identified, along with 78 contigs encoding putative target proteins of six different insecticide classes. Ten unigenes encoding nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (nAChR), the target of neoinicotinoids, were identified and phylogenetically classified. No nAChR polymorphism potentially related with the resistant phenotypes, was observed among the studied strains. DE analysis revealed that among the 550 differentially (logFC > 1) over-transcribed unigenes, 52 detoxification enzymes were over expressed including unigenes with orthologues in P450s, GSTs, CCE and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Eight P450 unigenes belonging to clades CYP2, CYP3 and CYP4 were highly up-regulated (logFC > 2) including CYP6CM1, a gene already known to confer imidacloprid resistance in B. tabaci. Using quantitative qPCRs, a larger screening of field MED B. tabaci from Crete with known neonicotinoid phenotype was performed to associate expression levels of P450s with resistance levels. Expression levels of five P450s, including CYP6CM1, were found associated with neonicotinoid resistance. However, a significant correlation was found only in CYP303 and CYP6CX3, with imidacloprid and acetamiprid respectively. Conclusion Our work has generated new toxicological data and genomic resources which will significantly enrich the available dataset and substantially facilitate the molecular studies in MED B. tabaci. No evidence of target site neonicotinoid resistance has been found. Eight P450 unigenes, including CYP6CM1, were found significantly over-expressed in resistant B. tabaci. This study suggests at least two novel P450s (CYP303 and CYP6CX3) as candidates for their functional characterization as detoxification mechanisms of neonicotinoid resistance in B. tabaci. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2161-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris Ilias
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation - "DΕMETER", NAGREF - Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Jacques Lagnel
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Despoina E Kapantaidaki
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation - "DΕMETER", NAGREF - Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, Greece. .,Department of Environmental and Natural Resources, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece.
| | - Emmanouil Roditakis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation - "DΕMETER", NAGREF - Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Costas S Tsigenopoulos
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Greece.
| | - John Vontas
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece. .,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Anastasia Tsagkarakou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation - "DΕMETER", NAGREF - Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, Greece.
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Paiva MHS, Lovin DD, Mori A, Melo-Santos MAV, Severson DW, Ayres CFJ. Identification of a major Quantitative Trait Locus determining resistance to the organophosphate temephos in the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. Genomics 2015; 107:40-8. [PMID: 26576515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate insecticides (OP) have extensively been used to control mosquitoes, such as the vector Aedes aegypti. Unfortunately, OP resistance has hampered control programs worldwide. We used Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping to evaluate temephos resistance in two F1 intercross populations derived from crosses between a resistant Ae. aegypti strain (RecR) and two susceptible strains (MoyoD and Red). A single major effect QTL was identified on chromosome 2 of both segregating populations, named rtt1 (resistance to temephos 1). Bioinformatics analyses identified a cluster of carboxylesterase genes (CCE) within the rtt1 interval. qRT-PCR demonstrated that different CCEs were up-regulated in F2 resistant individuals from both crosses. However, none exceeded the 2-fold expression. Primary mechanisms for temephos resistance may vary between Ae. aegypti populations, yet also appear to support previous findings suggesting that multiple linked esterase genes may contribute to temephos resistance in the RecR strain as well as other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H S Paiva
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Campus da UFPE - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE50740-465, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Rodovia BR-104, km 59, Nova Caruaru, Caruaru, PE 55002-970, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5645, USA.
| | - Diane D Lovin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5645, USA.
| | - Akio Mori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5645, USA.
| | - Maria A V Melo-Santos
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Campus da UFPE - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE50740-465, Brazil.
| | - David W Severson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5645, USA.
| | - Constância F J Ayres
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Campus da UFPE - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE50740-465, Brazil.
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Lao SH, Huang XH, Huang HJ, Liu CW, Zhang CX, Bao YY. Genomic and transcriptomic insights into the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene repertoire in the rice pest brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Genomics 2015; 106:301-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li F, Ni M, Zhang H, Wang B, Xu K, Tian J, Hu J, Shen W, Li B. Expression profile analysis of silkworm P450 family genes after phoxim induction. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 122:103-109. [PMID: 26071814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important economic insect and a model species for Lepidopteran. Each year, O,O-diethyl O-(alpha-cyanobenzylideneamino) phosphorothioate (phoxim) pesticide poisoning in China results in huge economic losses in sericulture. Silkworm fat body is the main organ for nutrient storage, energy supply, intermediary metabolism, and detoxification. Microarray analysis of silkworm Cytochrome P450 detoxification enzyme genes revealed that all tested P450 4 (CYP4) family genes are expressed in the fat body. Quantitative Real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of CYP4 family genes in silkworm fat body 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after phoxim exposure. The expression levels of silkworm molting hormone synthesis-related genes started to change 24 h after phoxim exposure, with those of CYP302A1, CYP306A1, and CYP314A1 being elevated by 1.38-, 1.33-, and 2.10-fold, respectively. The CYP18A1 gene that participates in steroid hormone inactivation and the CYP15C1 gene that participates in the epoxidation during the synthesis of juvenile hormone (JH) from methyl farnesoate (MF) were increased by 3.85- and 7.82-fold, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these endogenous hormone metabolism-related genes belong to CYP mito clan and clan 2, and that phoxim exposure may affect silkworm development and metamorphosis. The CYP4, CYP6, and CYP9 families all showed some degrees of increases in gene expression; among them, CYP49A1, CYP4L6, CYP6AB4, CYP9G3, CYP9A19, and CYP9A22's transcription levels were significantly upregulated to 12.77-, 2.64-, 2.42-, 4.06-, 3.32-, and 2.98-fold, respectively, of the control levels. In the fat body, CYP49A1, CYP6AB4, CYP9A19, and CYP9A22 were constantly expressed at high levels after 24, 48, and 72 h of phoxim treatments; according to phylogenetic analysis, these genes belong to detoxification-related clan 3 and clan 4 CYP families. These genes may participate in the metabolism of phoxim in silkworm fat body. The results obtained in this study provide a basis for future in-depth investigations of insect P450 family genes in metabolic detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Min Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kaizun Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jianghai Tian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jingsheng Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Weide Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Elzaki MEA, Zhang W, Han Z. Cytochrome P450 CYP4DE1 and CYP6CW3v2 contribute to ethiprole resistance in Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:368-376. [PMID: 25693611 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Laodelphax striatellus Fallén (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a destructive pest of rice, has developed high resistance to multiple insecticides, threatening the success of pest management programmes. The present study investigated ethiprole resistance mechanisms in a field population that is highly resistant to ethiprole. That population was used to establish a laboratory population that was subjected to further selection to produce a resistant strain. Target genes were cloned and compared between the resistant and the susceptible strains, the role of detoxification enzymes was examined, and the relative expression levels of 71 detoxification enzyme genes were tested using quantitative real time (RT)-PCR. The laboratory selection enhanced the resistance from 107-fold to 180-fold. The Rdl-type target site mutation seldom occurred in the resistant strain and is unlikely to represent the major mechanism underlying the observed resistance. Of the three important detoxification enzymes, only P450 monooxygenase was found to be associated with ethiprole resistance. Moreover, two genes, CYP4DE1 and CYP6CW3v2, were found to be overexpressed in the resistant strain. Furthermore, gene-silencing via a double-stranded RNA feeding test was carried out, and the results showed that the mRNA levels of CYP4DE1 and CYP6CW3v2 were reduced in the resistant strain, whereas ethiprole susceptibility was increased. These results suggest that CYP4DE1 and CYP6CW3v2 play an important role in ethiprole resistance in L. striatellus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E A Elzaki
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu/Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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44
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Gellatly KJ, Yoon KS, Doherty JJ, Sun W, Pittendrigh BR, Clark JM. RNAi validation of resistance genes and their interactions in the highly DDT-resistant 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 121:107-115. [PMID: 26047118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been re-recommended by the World Health Organization for malaria mosquito control. Previous DDT use has resulted in resistance, and with continued use resistance will increase in terms of level and extent. Drosophila melanogaster is a model dipteran that has many available genetic tools, numerous studies done on insecticide resistance mechanisms, and is related to malaria mosquitoes allowing for extrapolation. The 91-R strain of D. melanogaster is highly resistant to DDT (>1500-fold), however, there is no mechanistic scheme that accounts for this level of resistance. Recently, reduced penetration, increased detoxification, and direct excretion have been identified as resistance mechanisms in the 91-R strain. Their interactions, however, remain unclear. Use of UAS-RNAi transgenic lines of D. melanogaster allowed for the targeted knockdown of genes putatively involved in DDT resistance and has validated the role of several cuticular proteins (Cyp4g1 and Lcp1), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (Cyp6g1 and Cyp12d1), and ATP binding cassette transporters (Mdr50, Mdr65, and Mrp1) involved in DDT resistance. Further, increased sensitivity to DDT in the 91-R strain after intra-abdominal dsRNA injection for Mdr50, Mdr65, and Mrp1 was determined by a DDT contact bioassay, directly implicating these genes in DDT efflux and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Gellatly
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Kyong Sup Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences Program, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Jeffery J Doherty
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Weilin Sun
- Department of Entomology & Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - Barry R Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology & Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - J Marshall Clark
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States; Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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45
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Steele LD, Coates B, Valero MC, Sun W, Seong KM, Muir WM, Clark JM, Pittendrigh BR. Selective sweep analysis in the genomes of the 91-R and 91-C Drosophila melanogaster strains reveals few of the 'usual suspects' in dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) resistance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123066. [PMID: 25826265 PMCID: PMC4380341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of insect phenotypes for survival after exposure to xenobiotics can result from selection at multiple loci with additive genetic effects. To the authors' knowledge, no selective sweep analysis has been performed to identify such loci in highly dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) resistant insects. Here we compared a highly DDT resistant phenotype in the Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila) 91-R strain to the DDT susceptible 91-C strain, both of common origin. Whole genome re-sequencing data from pools of individuals was generated separately for 91-R and 91-C, and mapped to the reference Drosophila genome assembly (v. 5.72). Thirteen major and three minor effect chromosome intervals with reduced nucleotide diversity (π) were identified only in the 91-R population. Estimates of Tajima's D (D) showed corresponding evidence of directional selection in these same genome regions of 91-R, however, no similar reductions in π or D estimates were detected in 91-C. An overabundance of non-synonymous proteins coding to synonymous changes were identified in putative open reading frames associated with 91-R. Except for NinaC and Cyp4g1, none of the identified genes were the 'usual suspects' previously observed to be associated with DDT resistance. Additionally, up-regulated ATP-binding cassette transporters have been previously associated with DDT resistance; however, here we identified a structurally altered MDR49 candidate resistance gene. The remaining fourteen genes have not previously been shown to be associated with DDT resistance. These results suggest hitherto unknown mechanisms of DDT resistance, most of which have been overlooked in previous transcriptional studies, with some genes having orthologs in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Steele
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brad Coates
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - M. Carmen Valero
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Weilin Sun
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Keon Mook Seong
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - William M. Muir
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John M. Clark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barry R. Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
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46
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Sun W, Valero MC, Seong KM, Steele LD, Huang IT, Lee CH, Clark JM, Qiu X, Pittendrigh BR. A glycine insertion in the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) is associated with enhanced expression of three cytochrome P450 genes in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118779. [PMID: 25761142 PMCID: PMC4356566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticide-resistant Drosophila melanogaster strains represent a resource for the discovery of the underlying molecular mechanisms of cytochrome P450 constitutive over-expression, even if some of these P450s are not directly involved in the resistance phenotype. For example, in select 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) resistant strains the glucocorticoid receptor-like (GR-like) potential transcription factor binding motifs (TFBMs) have previously been shown to be associated with constitutively differentially-expressed cytochrome P450s, Cyp12d1, Cyp6g2 and Cyp9c1. However, insects are not known to have glucocorticoids. The only ortholog to the mammalian glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in D. melanogaster is an estrogen-related receptor (ERR) gene, which has two predicted alternative splice isoforms (ERRa and ERRb). Sequencing of ERRa and ERRb in select DDT susceptible and resistant D. melanogaster strains has revealed a glycine (G) codon insertion which was only observed in the ligand binding domain of ERR from the resistant strains tested (ERR-G). Transgenic flies, expressing the ERRa-G allele, constitutively over-expressed Cyp12d1, Cyp6g2 and Cyp9c1. Only Cyp12d1 and Cyp6g2 were over-expressed in the ERRb-G transgenic flies. Phylogenetic studies show that the G-insertion appeared to be located in a less conserved domain in ERR and this insertion is found in multiple species across the Sophophora subgenera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Sun
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
| | - M. Carmen Valero
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
| | - Keon Mook Seong
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Steele
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
| | - I-Ting Huang
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R. O. C.
| | - Chien-Hui Lee
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R. O. C.
| | - John M. Clark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States of America
| | - Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Barry R. Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
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47
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Cao C, Sun L, Wen R, Shang Q, Ma L, Wang Z. Characterization of the transcriptome of the Asian gypsy moth Lymantria dispar identifies numerous transcripts associated with insecticide resistance. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 119:54-61. [PMID: 25868817 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although the Asian gypsy moth Lymantria dispar causes extensive forest damage worldwide, little is known regarding the genes involved in its development or response to insecticides. Accordingly, characterization of the transcriptome of L. dispar larvae would promote the development of toxicological methods for its control. RNA-seq analysis of L. dispar larvae messenger RNA (mRNA) generated 62,063 unigenes with N50 of 993 bp, from which 23,975 unique sequences (E-value < 10(-5)) were identified using a BLASTx search of the NCBI non-redundant (nr) database. Using functional classification in the Gene Ontology (GO) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) databases, 7,309 indentified sequences were categorized into 51 functional groups and 8,079 sequences were categorized into 25 functional groups, respectively. Moreover, we identified a large number of transcripts encoding known insecticide targets, or proteins involved in the metabolism of insecticides. Reads per kilobase of unigene length per million mapped reads (RPKM) analysis identified 39 high abundance transcripts, of which 27 exhibited significantly altered expression patterns across the egg, larvae, pupae, male and female adult stages. Our study provides the most comprehensive transcriptomic sequence resource for L. dispar, which will form the basis for future identification of candidate insecticide resistance genes in L. dispar.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChuanWang Cao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - LiLi Sun
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - RongRong Wen
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - QingLi Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ling Ma
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - ZhiYing Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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48
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Pang R, Li Y, Dong Y, Liang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Identification of promoter polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 CYP6AY1 linked with insecticide resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 23:768-778. [PMID: 25124988 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is primarily the result of the over-expression of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Here, a field-collected strain of N. lugens was shown to be highly resistant to both imidacloprid and buprofezin. Insecticide exposure and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that its resistance was mainly associated with a cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6AY1. CYP6AY1 is known to metabolize imidacloprid but its effect on buprofezin is unclear. In the 5'-untranslated region of CYP6AY1, a novel alternative splicing was detected. After a 1990-bp promoter region was cloned, its basal luciferase activity was assessed. Furthermore, genotyping studies identified 12 variations in the promoter region that discriminated between the field-collected and control strain. Finally, survival bioassays revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism and an insertion-deletion polymorphism linked to buprofezin and imidacloprid resistance. Mutagenesis of these sites enhanced the promoter activity of CYP6AY1. These results suggest that promoter polymorphisms may affect P450-mediated multiple insecticide resistance of pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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49
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Younus F, Chertemps T, Pearce SL, Pandey G, Bozzolan F, Coppin CW, Russell RJ, Maïbèche-Coisne M, Oakeshott JG. Identification of candidate odorant degrading gene/enzyme systems in the antennal transcriptome of Drosophila melanogaster. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 53:30-43. [PMID: 25038463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of volatile signal molecules by odorant degrading enzymes (ODEs) is crucial to the ongoing sensitivity and specificity of chemoreception in various insects, and a few specific esterases, cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have previously been implicated in this process. Significant progress has been made in characterizing ODEs in Lepidoptera but very little is known about them in Diptera, including in Drosophila melanogaster, a major insect model. We have therefore carried out a transcriptomic analysis of the antennae of D. melanogaster in order to identify candidate ODEs. Virgin male and female and mated female antennal transcriptomes were determined by RNAseq. As with the Lepidoptera, we found that many esterases, cytochrome P450 enzymes, GSTs and UGTs are expressed in D. melanogaster antennae. As olfactory genes generally show selective expression in the antennae, a comparison to previously published transcriptomes for other tissues has been performed, showing preferential expression in the antennae for one esterase, JHEdup, one cytochrome P450, CYP308a1, and one GST, GSTE4. These largely uncharacterized enzymes are now prime candidates for ODE functions. JHEdup was expressed heterologously and found to have high catalytic activity against a chemically diverse group of known ester odorants for this species. This is a finding consistent with an ODE although it might suggest a general role in clearing several odorants rather than a specific role in clearing a particular odorant. Our findings do not preclude the possibility of odorant degrading functions for other antennally expressed esterases, P450s, GSTs and UGTs but, if so, they suggest that these enzymes also have additional functions in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Younus
- CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences, Black Mountain, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Thomas Chertemps
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Stephen L Pearce
- CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences, Black Mountain, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Gunjan Pandey
- CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences, Black Mountain, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Françoise Bozzolan
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Christopher W Coppin
- CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences, Black Mountain, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Robyn J Russell
- CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences, Black Mountain, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Martine Maïbèche-Coisne
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - John G Oakeshott
- CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences, Black Mountain, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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50
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Whole-genome expression analysis in the third instar larval midgut of Drosophila melanogaster. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:2197-205. [PMID: 25193493 PMCID: PMC4232545 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.013870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Survival of insects on a substrate containing toxic substances such as plant secondary metabolites or insecticides is dependent on the metabolism or excretion of those xenobiotics. The primary sites of xenobiotic metabolism are the midgut, Malpighian tubules, and fat body. In general, gene expression in these organs is reported for the entire tissue by online databases, but several studies have shown that gene expression within the midgut is compartmentalized. Here, RNA sequencing is used to investigate whole-genome expression in subsections of third instar larval midguts of Drosophila melanogaster. The data support functional diversification in subsections of the midgut. Analysis of the expression of gene families that are implicated in the metabolism of xenobiotics suggests that metabolism may not be uniform along the midgut. These data provide a starting point for investigating gene expression and xenobiotic metabolism and other functions of the larval midgut.
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