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Avila Dextre F, Morales Álvarez B, Aguirre Castañeda P, Alva IE, López G, Schwalb A, Gotuzzo E. Association between HTLV-1/2 infection and COVID-19 severity in a migrant Shipibo-Konibo population in Lima, Peru. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003442. [PMID: 38985713 PMCID: PMC11236200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The migrant community of the Shipibo-Konibo indigenous people in Lima, Peru were extremely vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) is endemic in this population causing immunosuppression. The aim of the study was to describe the association between HTLV-1/2 infection and the clinical severity of COVID-19. METHODS This was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving a survey of adult Shipibo-Konibo indigenous migrants residing in Cantagallo-Rímac who were identified as suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19. Blood samples were collected for SARS-CoV-2 antibody and HTLV-1/2 ELISA testing. A confirmatory Western Blot test was performed for those with a positive ELISA test. RESULTS A total of 182 individuals were surveyed and sampled. No significant association was found between HTLV-1/2 infection and the clinical severity of COVID-19. The prevalence of HTLV-1/2 was 8.8% (95%CI: 5.0-14.1) with Western Blot. Age was the only statistically significant risk factor for developing a more severe form of COVID-19 (OR: 1.03; 95%CI: 1.00-1.06; p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS There was no association found between HTLV-1/2 infection and the clinical severity of COVID-19. The prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection in the Shipibo-Konibo population is high and warrants continuous monitoring in the advent of other infectious disease outbreaks and the development of HTLV-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isaac Efrain Alva
- School of Public Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Giovanni López
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Alvaro Schwalb
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Gotuzzo
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Santos FA, Catão CLS, Martins JP, Pessoa UHS, Sousa IV, Melo JS, Souza GL, Araújo ND, Magalhães-Gama F, Abrahim CMDM, Mourão EMV, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Coelho-dos-Reis JGA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Vallinoto ACR, Pontes GS, Araújo MSS, Martins-Filho OA, Costa AG. Performance of immunological assays for universal and differential diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 infection in candidates for blood donations from the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298710. [PMID: 38968331 PMCID: PMC11226060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study compares the ability of distinct immunological assays (chemiluminescence immunoassay-CLIA, western blot-WB and flow cytometry-FC-Simplex and Duplex) to detect anti-HTLV (human T-lymphotropic virus) antibodies in candidates for blood donations at the Amazonas State Blood Center (Brazil) between January 2018 and December 2022. Overall, 257,942 samples from candidates for blood donations were screened using CLIA, which led to 0.15% seropositivity for HTLV (409 samples). A total of 151 candidates for blood donations were enrolled for retesting with CLIA followed by additional testing using WB and FC-Simplex and Duplex analysis. Our results demonstrated that 62% (93/151), 20% (30/151) and 17% (26/151) of the samples presented positive results with retesting using CLIA, WB and FC-Simplex analysis, respectively. Additional analysis of the CLIA, WB and FC-Simplex results revealed an overall agreement of 56% for CLIA and WB (22 co-negative; 30 co-positive samples), 48% for CLIA and FC-Simplex (21 co-negative; 24 co-positive samples) and 80% for WB and FC-Simplex (51 co-negative; 23 co-positive samples). Considering the WB as the reference standard for the diagnosis of infection with HTLV-1/2, we observed that the CLIA results of ≤3.0 RLU and >10.0 RLU in the retest can be used define a negative or positive result, respectively, and could be used as new specific cut-off values. The overall agreement between WB and FC-Duplex for accomplishing the differential diagnosis was evaluated and demonstrated 100% correspondence for the diagnosis of HTLV-1 (15/15) and HTLV-2 (7/7). Our findings demonstrate that gaps in the diagnosis of infection with HTLV-1/2 could be overcome by the simultaneous use of distinct immunological assays during retesting of candidates for blood donations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Araujo Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Lucas Santos Catão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Júlia Pereira Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou—FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Uzamôr Henrique Soares Pessoa
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Vasconcelos Sousa
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem de Manaus, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jean Silva Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brasil
| | - Gláucia Lima Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nilberto Dias Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fábio Magalhães-Gama
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou—FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou—FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-dos-Reis
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou—FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou—FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Agentes infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brasil
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brasil
| | - Márcio Sobreira Silva Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou—FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou—FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem de Manaus, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
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Concha-Velasco F, Seas C, Gotuzzo E, Bustamante B. Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Cryptococcosis Infection, an Underdiagnosed Association: Case Series and Literature Review. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae022. [PMID: 38887485 PMCID: PMC11181187 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological features of 7 human immunodeficiency virus-negative Peruvian patients coinfected with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and cryptococcosis (2006-2017) were studied. Most cases had meningeal involvement, were male, and originated from Peru's jungle. Patients with cryptococcosis should be tested for HTLV-1 in endemic areas of this retrovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Seas
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt,” Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Eduardo Gotuzzo
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt,” Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Beatriz Bustamante
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt,” Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Romanelli LCF, Figueiredo GGR, Ribeiro MA, Martins ML. High Ratio of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Transmission and Prevalence of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Diseases in Brazilian Family Groups Followed Up by the GIPH Cohort. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024; 40:401-407. [PMID: 38299509 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2023.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A silent spread of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been occurring for thousands of years, with a high prevalence in some regions due to the sexual and vertical transmission and formation of family clusters. The time from HTLV-1 infection until the onset of virus-associated diseases is extremely long, approximately one to three decades. In this study, we evaluated intrafamilial HTLV-1 transmission and associated diseases in 1,204 individuals enrolled and followed up by the GIPH cohort between 1997 and 2017. The family groups (n = 43) were composed of 279 individuals who were tested for HTLV-1/human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) and were classified as two groups according to the index case: blood donor (blood donors referred to the GIPH cohort) and nondonor (individuals referred to the GIPH cohort by other health services). The observed rates of HTLV-1 transmission and associated diseases among the relatives were high. Of 236 family members and sexual partners tested for HTLV, 104 (44.1%) were confirmed as having HTLV infection, with 36.7% of relatives whose index case was blood donors and 56.9% of relatives with nondonor index cases. At least one case of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy was observed in 42.9% of the families with intrafamilial transmission of HTLV-1. Brazil is an endemic area for HTLV-1/2 and has implemented mandatory universal screening of blood donors for HTLV-1/2 since 1993. However, the lack of public health services offer diagnosis for HTLV to the general population and pregnant women in the country makes it difficult to identify infected people, and contributes to the silent spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Cláudio Ferreira Romanelli
- Research Department, Fundação Hemominas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em HTLV (GIPH), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Guimarães Rocha Figueiredo
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em HTLV (GIPH), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculdade de Minas (FAMINAS-BH), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maisa Aparecida Ribeiro
- Research Department, Fundação Hemominas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em HTLV (GIPH), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina Lobato Martins
- Research Department, Fundação Hemominas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em HTLV (GIPH), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Nozuma S, Yoshimura A, Pai SC, Chen HJ, Matsuura E, Tanaka M, Kodama D, Dozono M, Matsuzaki T, Takashima H, Yang YC, Kubota R. Geographic characteristics of HTLV-1 molecular subgroups and genetic substitutions in East Asia: Insights from complete genome sequencing of HTLV-1 strains isolated in Taiwan and Japan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011928. [PMID: 38315729 PMCID: PMC10868808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Japan is a major endemic area for human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and the virus has been well-studied in this region, there is limited research on HTLV-1 in surrounding regions. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequences of HTLV-1 strains isolated from Taiwan and Japan and investigated the geographic characteristics of molecular subgroups and substitution mutations to understand the spread of HTLV-1 and its correlation with human migration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The complete genome sequences of 26 HTLV-1 isolates from Taiwan were determined using next-generation sequencing and were compared with those of 211 isolates from Japan in terms of subgroup and genetic mutations. In total, 15/26 (58%) isolates from Taiwan belonged to the transcontinental subgroup and 11/26 (42%) isolates belonged to the Japanese subgroup. The transcontinental subgroup was significantly more prevalent among Taiwanese isolates than Japanese isolates (58% vs 18%, P < 0.0001). The mutation rate for the complete HTLV-1 sequence was as low as 0.2%. On examining individual base substitutions, the G-to-A mutation was predominant. Bayesian phylogenetic tree analysis estimated the time to the most recent common ancestor for the transcontinental and Japanese subgroups to be 28447 years. The transcontinental subgroups from Taiwan and Japan appeared to form clusters according to their respective regions. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The transcontinental subgroup of HTLV-1 is predominant in Taiwan, while the Japanese subgroup is common in Japan. The difference in subgroup distribution may be attributed to the initial spread of the transcontinental subgroup in East Asia, followed by the influx of the Japanese subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nozuma
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shun-Chung Pai
- Division of Quality, Taipei Blood Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tanaka
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kodama
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mika Dozono
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsuzaki
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ya-Chien Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ryuji Kubota
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Safavi M, Habibian-Sezavar F, Letafati A, Solouki S, Yaslianifard S, Kaboli P, Mohammadzadeh M, Kabir K, Haj MS, Mozhgani SH. Determination of molecular epidemiologic pattern of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in Alborz province, Iran. Virus Genes 2024:10.1007/s11262-024-02051-0. [PMID: 38273115 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is linked to two debilitating diseases, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), which are prevalent in various parts of the world, including the Alborz province in Iran. Understanding the prevalence and evolutionary relationships of HTLV-1 infections in these endemic areas is of utmost importance. In the realm of phylogenetic studies, long terminal repeat (LTR) region of HTLV-1 stands out as highly conserved, yet more variable compared to other gene segments. Consequently, it is the primary focus for phylogenetic analyses. Additionally, trans-activator of transcription (Tax), an oncoprotein, holds a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression. This cross-sectional study delved into the phylogenetic analysis of HTLV-1 among individuals in Alborz province of Iran. To confirm infection, we amplified partial sequence LTR (PLTR) and HTLV-1 bZIP factor (PHBZ). For phylogenetic analysis, we sequenced the full sequence LTR (FLTR) and full Tax sequence (FTax). The FLTR and FTax sequences underwent analysis using BioEdit, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA-X software. Out of the roughly 15,000 annual blood donors in Alborz, 19 samples tested positive for HTLV-1, indicating a 0.13% HTLV-1 positivity rate among blood donors. Furthermore, the HTLV-1 virus prevalent in the Alborz province belongs to subtype A (cosmopolitan) subgroup A. The findings revealed that while mutations were observed in both the LTR and Tax genes, they were not significant enough to bring about fundamental alterations. Despite positive selection detected in three Alborz isolates, it has not led to mutations affecting Tax function and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Safavi
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Fariba Habibian-Sezavar
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research & Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setayesh Solouki
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yaslianifard
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
| | - Parisa Kaboli
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research & Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Kourosh Kabir
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Sadeghi Haj
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research & Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
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Adonis A, Russell A, Taylor GP, Preston M, Shields A, Strachan S, Young S, Diallo H, Ashford S, Cassidy E. Patient research priority setting partnership in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I. Health Expect 2023; 26:2418-2427. [PMID: 37578191 PMCID: PMC10632630 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a chronic infection affecting 5-10 million people worldwide. Ten percent develop HTLV-1-associated diseases, and 3%-5% develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis. Low health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a significant concern for those with HTLV-1, and little is known about how it impacts daily life or what patients need from healthcare services. To address this, we report on patient involvement workshops aimed at identifying research priorities for HTLV-1 health service provision. METHODS Participants recruited through HTLV-1 clinics in England attended six 90-min virtual workshops over 10 months, and two 60-min consolidation workshops. Content developed iteratively from topic focussed group discussions. All workshops were video-recorded with consent, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Using consensus voting rounds, participants individually ranked their top six and then collectively their top three research priorities from the themes inferred from the analysis. A final feedback session explored the experiences of participating in the workshops. FINDINGS Twenty-seven people with HTLV-1 engaged with the workshops with up to 22 participants attending each meeting. The majority were diagnosed with HAM (n = 22). The top three research priorities were identified as understanding disease progression, psychosocial wellbeing, and information and knowledge. Participants valued being asked to set research priorities that directly addressed their needs and enjoyed the workshops. They stressed the importance of patient advocates for promoting research that positively impacts everyday life. CONCLUSION This is the first of this type of research engagement with people with HTLV-1 in the United Kingdom. Participants identified several avenues of investigation that could lead to improvements in healthcare services and HRQoL. Participants believed the workshops signified the start of a conversation to progress person-centred and meaningful research in HTLV-1. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION People living with HTLV-1 were involved in the iterative design, conduct, analysis, writing and dissemination of this project through the patient involvement workshops. As a result of this engagement, a patient led advisory group has been set up to assist with the dissemination of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adine Adonis
- National Centre for Human Retrovirology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | | | - Graham P. Taylor
- National Centre for Human Retrovirology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
- Imperial College London, Faculty of MedicineLondonUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Ashford
- The Regional Hyper‑Acute Rehabilitation UnitNorthwick Park Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
- Department of Palliative Care, Policy and RehabilitationThe Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College LondonLondonUK
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de Sena Rodrigues Júnior R, Antonia Nunes Gomes J, Alberto da Silva Dias G, Fujihara S, Toshimitsu Yoshikawa G, Vilela Lopes Koyama R, Catarina Medeiros Sousa R, Antonio Simões Quaresma J, Thais Fuzii H. T helper type 9 cell response and its role in the neurological clinic of patients with Human T-lymphotropic virus 1. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152740. [PMID: 37657359 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) affects 5-10 million individuals worldwide. Most of those infected with this virus remain asymptomatic; however, 0.25%-4% of individuals develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), while 2%-4% develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Understanding the immune response inherent in this infection is extremely important. The role of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells in HTLV-1 infection is well known; however, exploring the different subtypes of immune responses is also necessary. The role of Th9 cells in HTLV-1 infection and the mechanisms involved in their interference in the pathophysiological process of HAM/TSP is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the expression profiles of PU.1, interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4), and cytokine interleukin-9 (IL-9) during the induction of peripheral immune response and their role in the HTLV-1-infected patients' neurological symptoms. This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out at the Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiology of Endemic Diseases and the Laboratory of Immunopathology, both from the Tropical Medicine Center at the Federal University of Pará. Assessment of neurological parameters was performed (gait, Expanded Kurtzke Disability State Scale (EDSS) score, upper and lower limb reflexes, Hoffman's sign, Babinski reflex, and clonus reflex). For Th9 cell analysis, peripheral blood samples were collected from HTLV-1-infected patients; then, the lymphomononuclear cells were separated followed by the isolation of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) synthesis each sample was carried out. The gene expression levels of PU.1, IRF-4, and IL-9 as well as those of constitutive genes (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and β-actin) were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This study included 81 HTLV-1-infected patients, of whom 47 were asymptomatic, 13 were mono/oligosymptomatic (MOS), and 21 developed HAM/TSP. IL-9 was the least expressed gene among the three studied groups. The MOS group showed the lowest expression levels of PU.1, IRF-4, and IL-9. HAM/TSP patients showed lower IL-9 protein quantification. Negative correlations were found between IL and 9 and EDSS in MOS patients and between PU.1, EDSS, IRF-4, and EDSS in the HAM/TSP group. An association was found between IL and 9 and Babinski reflex in the HAM/TSP group, suggesting that this gene was more highly expressed in patients who did not have this pathological sign. Th9 cells may interfere with the neurological progression of HAM/TSP and act as a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satomi Fujihara
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Immunopathology Laboratory of Tropical Medicine Center. Federal University of Pará, Brazil; Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Pará State University, Brazil
| | - Hellen Thais Fuzii
- Immunopathology Laboratory of Tropical Medicine Center. Federal University of Pará, Brazil.
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9
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Ji H, Chang L, Yan Y, Sun H, Liu Y, Wang L. Genetic typing and intrafamilial transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 in non-endemic areas of China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1288990. [PMID: 37920260 PMCID: PMC10619906 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1288990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin and intrafamilial transmission of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) in non-endemic populations such as China is still unknown. In this study, donors from blood banks/centers in China (including 28 provinces and Shenzhen city) during 2019 and 2021 were screened for HTLV-1/2 antibody, and all the reactive samples were tested using a line immunoassay (LIA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Samples that can be detected using qPCR were amplified and sequenced for the long terminal repeat (LTR) region. The positive donors were contacted to identify their relatives. As a result, 4,451,883 blood donors were totally tested, and 50 of them were confirmed to be HTLV-1/2 positive. Viral LTR sequences genotyped from 26 HTLV-1 carriers demonstrated that all had the HTLV-1a genotype, of which Transcontinental and Japanese subgroups accounted for half each. There were 17 family members of 11 index donors detected, and the HTLV-1 infection rate in the spouses of male index donors (83.3%, 5/6) was significantly higher than that in the husbands of female index donors (0.0%, 0/4). However, 7 children of HTLV-1 positive women were tested and found negative. Therefore, our findings indicated that HTLV-1 is spreading silently from high-endemic to low-endemic areas in China. To prevent further HTLV-1/2 transmission, an efficient HTLV-1/2 screening strategy and counseling of the virus carriers are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ji
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Le Chang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- 63750 Military Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lunan Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Basharat A, Anwar MY, Sulh M, Venkatram S, Diaz-Fuentes G. Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1)-Associated Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma in a Patient Previously Treated for Strongyloidiasis. Cureus 2023; 15:e47283. [PMID: 38021878 PMCID: PMC10656113 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare form of T-cell lymphoma with poor median survival time and limited response to chemotherapy. We present a 45-year-old female from Ghana with generalized body rash, hypercalcemia, lymphadenopathy, and lytic bone lesions. She had a history of strongyloidiasis, treated two years ago, and her serology was positive for the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Histopathology of cervical lymph node and abdominal rash biopsy revealed T-cell lymphoma. We present a literature review on the topic and the challenges of diagnosis. We emphasize the importance of considering HTLV-1-associated ATLL in patients who have been treated for strongyloidiasis in the past and are presenting with rash or lymphadenopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Basharat
- Department of Internal Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Sulh
- Department of Pathology, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, USA
| | | | - Gilda Diaz-Fuentes
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, USA
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11
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Sandberg JK, Leeansyah E, Eller MA, Shacklett BL, Paquin-Proulx D. The Emerging Role of MAIT Cell Responses in Viral Infections. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:511-517. [PMID: 37549397 PMCID: PMC10421619 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional T cells with innate-like antimicrobial responsiveness. MAIT cells are known for MR1 (MHC class I-related protein 1)-restricted recognition of microbial riboflavin metabolites giving them the capacity to respond to a broad range of microbes. However, recent progress has shown that MAIT cells can also respond to several viral infections in humans and in mouse models, ranging from HIV-1 and hepatitis viruses to influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, in a primarily cognate Ag-independent manner. Depending on the disease context MAIT cells can provide direct or indirect antiviral protection for the host and may help recruit other immune cells, but they may also in some circumstances amplify inflammation and aggravate immunopathology. Furthermore, chronic viral infections are associated with varying degrees of functional and numerical MAIT cell impairment, suggesting secondary consequences for host defense. In this review, we summarize recent progress and highlight outstanding questions regarding the emerging role of MAIT cells in antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Michael A. Eller
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Barbara L. Shacklett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD
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12
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Kamrani M, Saryazdi S, Zemorshidi F, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Behravan G. Cognitive deficits in HTLV-1 patients. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:416-424. [PMID: 37204651 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus known to be associated with adult T-cell lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Previous researches and brain imaging techniques have suggested cognitive abnormalities as well as brain damage in individuals infected with this virus. Given the insufficient amount of studies on how this virus can impact the affected person's cognition, we aimed to assess and compare the cognitive abnormalities of HAM/TSP patients, asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers, and healthy controls. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 patients divided into 3 groups; a group of HAM/TSP patients, a group of asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers, and an uninfected control group. Each group contained 17 members. The cognitive state of the studied population was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCF), the "Verbal Fluency Test" and the "Trail Making Test" (TMT) components of the Delis-Kaplan executive function system (D-KEFS) test, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and digit span memory test. Patients diagnosed with HAM/TSP received significantly lower scores on the SDMT, ROCF, TMT, RAVLT, digit span memory test, and the orientation, calculation, and recall component of the MMSE assessment (p-value < 0.001). In addition, the asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers obtained lower scores on the SDMT, ROCF, digit span memory test, and the orientation, calculation, and recall component of the MMSE assessment compared to the control group (p-value < 0.001). Overall, the findings suggest that HAM/TSP, or an asymptomatic infection with HTLV-1 could lead to cognitive deficits in the affected individuals. This can further emphasize the importance of assessing the cognitive function and psychiatric abnormalities of those infected with this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Kamrani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sima Saryazdi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariba Zemorshidi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazal Behravan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Yaslianifard S, Movahedi M, Yaslianifard S, Mozhgani SH. The mirror like expression of genes involved in the FOXO signaling pathway could be effective in the pathogenesis of human lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) through disruption of the downstream pathways. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:147. [PMID: 37461070 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the cause of two major diseases, ATLL and HAM/TSP in a percentage of carriers. Despite progress in understanding the pathogenesis of these two diseases, the exact pathogenesis mechanism is still not well understood. High-throughput technologies have revolutionized medical research. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of pathogenesis of these two diseases using the results of high-throughput analysis of microarray datasets. RESULTS A total of 100 differentially expressed genes were found between ATLL and HAM/TSP. After constructing protein-protein network and further analyzing, proteins including ATM, CD8, CXCR4, PIK3R1 and CD2 were found as the hub ones between ATLL and HAM/TSP. Finding the modules of the subnetwork revealed the enrichment of two common pathways including FOXO signaling pathway and Cell cycle with two common genes including ATM and CDKN2D. Unlike ATLL, ATM gene had higher expressions in HAM/TSP patients. The expression of CDKN2D was increased in ATLL patients. The results of this study could be helpful for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of these two diseases in the same signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Yaslianifard
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, NorthTehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Movahedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, NorthTehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yaslianifard
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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14
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Mashkani B, Jalili Nik M, Rezaee SA, Boostani R. Advances in the treatment of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I associated myelopathy. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:1233-1248. [PMID: 37933802 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2272639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nearly 2-3% of those 10 to 20 million individuals infected with the Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1); are predisposed to developing HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). It is a neuro-inflammatory disease; differentiated from multiple sclerosis based on the presence of typical neurologic symptoms, confirmation of HTLV-1 infection, and other molecular biomarkers. AREAS COVERED A brief review of the epidemiology, host immune responses, and molecular pathogenesis of HAM/TSP is followed by detailed discussions about the host-related risk factors for developing HAM/TSP and success/failure stories of the attempted management strategies. EXPERT OPINION Currently, there is no effective treatment for HAM/TSP. Anti-retroviral therapy, peculiar cytokines (IFN-α), some anti-oxidants, and allograft bone marrow transplantation have been used for treating these patients with limited success. Under current conditions, asymptomatic carriers should be examined periodically by a neurologist for early signs of spinal cord injury. Then it is crucial to determine the progress rate to adapt the best management plan for each patient. Corticosteroid therapy is most beneficial in those with acute myelitis. However, slow-progressing patients are best managed using a combination of symptomatic and physical therapy. Additionally, preventive measures should be taken to decrease further spread of HTLV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baratali Mashkani
- Department of clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalili Nik
- Department of clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases division, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Boostani
- Department of Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Pessôa R, de Souza DRV, Nukui Y, Pereira J, Fernandes LA, Marcusso RN, de Oliveira ACP, Casseb J, da Silva Duarte AJ, Sanabani SS. Small RNA Profiling in an HTLV-1-Infected Patient with Acute Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma at Diagnosis and after Maintenance Therapy: A Case Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10643. [PMID: 37445821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are epigenetic regulators of essential biological processes associated with the development and progression of leukemias, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), an oncogenic human retrovirus originally discovered in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Here, we describe the sRNA profile of a 30-year-old woman with ATLL at the time of diagnosis and after maintenance therapy with the aim of correlating expression levels with response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pessôa
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Daniela Raguer Valadão de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Youko Nukui
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Lorena Abreu Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Rosa Nascimento Marcusso
- Department of Neurology, Emilio Ribas Institute of Infectious Diseases, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Casseb
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Sabri Saeed Sanabani
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation Unit 03, Clinics Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency, LIM56/03, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 3° andar, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
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16
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Amanzo-Vargas MP, Arellano-Veintemilla T, González-Lagos E, Echevarría J, Mejía F, Graña A, Gotuzzo E. Socio-Demographic, Clinical, and Mortality Differences between HIV-Infected and HIV/HTLV-1 Co-Infected Patients in Peru. Pathogens 2023; 12:869. [PMID: 37513716 PMCID: PMC10385143 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In Peru, the estimated prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) co-infection has been reported to be as high as 18%. Despite the endemicity of HTLV-1 in Peru, few studies have assessed the impact of HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection. Our study compared socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and mortality rates between HIV-infected and HIV/HTLV-1 co-infected patients. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of patients aged 18 years and older belonging to the HIV and HTLV-1 cohorts in Lima during a 30-year period: 1989-2019. Each HIV/HTLV-1 co-infected patient was randomly matched with two HIV-infected patients with similar characteristics (same sex, age ± 5 years, and same year of HIV diagnosis). Allegedly co-infected patients without a confirmatory diagnosis of HIV and HTLV-1 were excluded. Most of the patients in the HIV-infected group did not have a negative test result for HTLV-1 infection, so we used two probabilistic sensitivity analysis models to correct for potential HTLV-1 exposure misclassification bias in the group of HIV-infected patients. RESULTS Of 162 patients enrolled, 54 were HIV/HTLV-1 co-infected and 108 were HIV-infected. The median age was 42 years (IQR = 34-51 years) and the majority were male (61.1%), single (44.4%), heterosexual (71%), born in Lima (58%), educated at the secondary school level (55.6%), and receiving antiretroviral treatment (91.4%). HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection was associated with an increased risk of death (HR: 11.8; 95% CI: 1.55-89.00; p = 0.017) while antiretroviral treatment was associated with a decreased risk of death (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.003-0.25; p = 0.001). The overall mortality rate was 13.6 per 100 persons and the survival time for co-infected patients (median = 14.19 years) was significantly shorter than that of HIV-infected patients (median = 23.83 years) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HIV/HTLV-1 co-infected patients had a significantly shorter survival time compared to HIV-infected patients, suggesting that the immune alterations caused by HTLV-1 in CD4 cell count may have contributed to late initiation of antiretroviral treatment and prophylaxis against opportunistic infections over the decades, and thus reducing their benefits in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Amanzo-Vargas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | | | - Elsa González-Lagos
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Juan Echevarría
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
- HIV Program, Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Fernando Mejía
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
- HIV Program, Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Ana Graña
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
- HIV Program, Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Eduardo Gotuzzo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
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Plaza JA, Gru AA, Sangueza OP, Lourenco SV, Puccio FB, Sanches JA, Miyashiro D, Toussaint S, Sangueza MJ. An update on viral-induced cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders. CME Part I. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 88:965-980. [PMID: 36041557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Viral-induced cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are an uncommon group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by a viral infection of T and natural killer (NK) cells. This group of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas is more commonly encountered in Asians and Native Americans from Central and South America compared with Western populations. Viral-associated lymphoproliferative disorders include a spectrum of entities that range from nonneoplastic lesions, such as chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection and infective dermatitis to malignant diseases, such as extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, hydroa vacciniforme-like T-cell lymphoma, and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. This review article will focus on hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and Epstein-Barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcers. We will review the pathogenesis of these conditions and the challenges of making a timely diagnosis in early-stage disease and discuss the common clinicopathologic manifestations, mutational landscape, and approaches to treat these highly aggressive and frequently lethal types of lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Education, Medical, Continuing
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/therapy
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/virology
- Skin Diseases/pathology
- Skin Diseases/therapy
- Skin Diseases/virology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/virology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/virology
- Hydroa Vacciniforme/pathology
- Hydroa Vacciniforme/therapy
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/therapy
- Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis/pathology
- Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Plaza
- Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology and Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (OSUWMC), Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Omar P Sangueza
- Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Silvia V Lourenco
- Department of Stomatology, Dental School, University of Sao Paolo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco B Puccio
- Department of Dermatology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Jose A Sanches
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Miyashiro
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Toussaint
- Department of Dermatology, National Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martin J Sangueza
- Department of Pathology and Dermatology, Hospital Obrero, La Paz, Bolivia
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18
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Kandeel M. Oncogenic Viruses-Encoded microRNAs and Their Role in the Progression of Cancer: Emerging Targets for Antiviral and Anticancer Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040485. [PMID: 37111242 PMCID: PMC10146417 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20% of all cases of human cancer are caused by viral infections. Although a great number of viruses are capable of causing a wide range of tumors in animals, only seven of these viruses have been linked to human malignancies and are presently classified as oncogenic viruses. These include the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Some other viruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are associated with highly oncogenic activities. It is possible that virally encoded microRNAs (miRNAs), which are ideal non-immunogenic tools for viruses, play a significant role in carcinogenic processes. Both virus-derived microRNAs (v-miRNAs) and host-derived microRNAs (host miRNAs) can influence the expression of various host-derived and virus-derived genes. The current literature review begins with an explanation of how viral infections might exert their oncogenic properties in human neoplasms, and then goes on to discuss the impact of diverse viral infections on the advancement of several types of malignancies via the expression of v-miRNAs. Finally, the role of new anti-oncoviral therapies that could target these neoplasms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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19
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Diakite M, Shaw-Saliba K, Lau CY. Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1103737. [PMID: 37476029 PMCID: PMC10358275 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The burden of malignancy related to viral infection is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2018, approximately 2 million new cancer cases worldwide were attributable to infection. Prevention or treatment of these infections could reduce cancer cases by 23% in less developed regions and about 7% in developed regions. Contemporaneous increases in longevity and changes in lifestyle have contributed to the cancer burden in SSA. African hospitals are reporting more cases of cancer related to infection (e.g., cervical cancer in women and stomach and liver cancer in men). SSA populations also have elevated underlying prevalence of viral infections compared to other regions. Of 10 infectious agents identified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, six are viruses: hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus type 8, HHV-8). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) also facilitates oncogenesis. EBV is associated with lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; HBV and HCV are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma; KSHV causes Kaposi's sarcoma; HTLV-1 causes T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; HPV causes carcinoma of the oropharynx and anogenital squamous cell cancer. HIV-1, for which SSA has the greatest global burden, has been linked to increasing risk of malignancy through immunologic dysregulation and clonal hematopoiesis. Public health approaches to prevent infection, such as vaccination, safer injection techniques, screening of blood products, antimicrobial treatments and safer sexual practices could reduce the burden of cancer in Africa. In SSA, inequalities in access to cancer screening and treatment are exacerbated by the perception of cancer as taboo. National level cancer registries, new screening strategies for detection of viral infection and public health messaging should be prioritized in SSA's battle against malignancy. In this review, we discuss the impact of carcinogenic viruses in SSA with a focus on regional epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamadou Diakite
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kathryn Shaw-Saliba
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chuen-Yen Lau
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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20
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Valcarcel B, Enriquez-Vera D, De-la-Cruz-Ku G, Chambergo-Michilot D, Calderón-Huaycochea H, Malpica L. Epidemiological Features and Outcomes of HTLV-1 Carriers Diagnosed With Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study in an Endemic Country. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2200369. [PMID: 36921240 PMCID: PMC10497290 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an endemic virus in Latin America that is directly linked to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Previous studies have suggested an oncogenic role of HTLV-1 in non-ATL neoplasms and have found higher mortality in HTLV-1 carriers without ATL. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, HTLV-1 carriers were identified through screening at a tertiary cancer center between 2006 and 2019. We compared the overall survival (OS) outcomes of patients with ATL with those with other solid or hematologic malignancies by sex stratification. RESULTS We identified 1,934 HTLV-1 carriers diagnosed with cancer. The median age at diagnosis was 62 (range 20-114) years, 76% were female, 60% had no or elementary school education, and 50% were born in the Andean highlands. The most common non-ATL neoplasm was cervical cancer (50%) among females and non-ATL non-Hodgkin lymphoma (26%) among males. With a median follow-up of 66 months, the 5-year OS of HTLV-1 carriers with non-ATL neoplasms (26%-47% for females and 22%-34% for males) was inferior to those reported in the general population. As expected, patients with ATL had a worse prognosis (5-year OS: 10% for females and 8% for males). CONCLUSION HTLV-1 carriers with cancer were middle age and from underprivileged settings, suggesting an undetected transmission among vulnerable populations, especially females. Survival estimates of HTLV-1 carriers with non-ATL neoplasms were lower than the regional outcomes. Future research should ascertain how the biology of HTLV-1 and health care disparities affect the outcomes of HTLV-1 carriers, as well as determine the burden of HTLV-1 infection in the cancer population to recommend screening in the outpatient setting of endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Valcarcel
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Daniel Enriquez-Vera
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Perú
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chorrillos, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | | | - Luis Malpica
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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21
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Sampaio GCL, Ribeiro JR, de Almeida CN, Boa-Sorte N, Galvão-Castro B, Grassi MFR, Nunes Sá K, Dias CMCC. Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Global Prevalence Associated with the Human Development Index: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023; 39:145-165. [PMID: 36571250 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012, the number of people infected with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was estimated to be 10 million worldwide. Prevalence varies according to geographic location, ethnic factors, sex, age, populations exposed to risk factors, income, and education, reaching countries with the worst socioeconomic scenarios. There is a need to determine the current global prevalence of HTLV-1 and examine its association with countries' human development index (HDI) to provide data for global health policy. Systematic review with meta-analysis is according to PRISMA 2020 recommendations. It was registered at PROSPERO, CRD42021223146. Prevalence or cross-sectional studies of HTLV-1 infection with at least 100 participants, screening, and confirmatory serologic testing were included. Studies with incomplete or unavailable results or with duplicate information were excluded. Data were selected by two independent investigators and analyzed using R software, a metapackage that generated the forest plots [95% confidence interval (CI)]. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and funnel plot asymmetry was assessed using Egger's test. Countries were compared using an HDI cutoff ≥0.8. Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria. The overall prevalence of HTLV-1 infection was 0.91% (95% CI: 0.80-1.02, p < .0001) and was higher in low HDI countries [1.18% (95% CI: 1.03-1.34)] than in high HDI countries [0.41% (95% CI: 0.27-0.57)]. Prevalence varied according to the populations studied: it was higher in the general population [1.65% (95% CI: 1.08-2.34)] compared to pregnant women [0.34% (95% CI: 0.17-0.57)] and blood donors [0.04% (95% CI: 0.01-0.08)]. Consistently, prevalence for each population group was higher in low HDI countries than in high HDI countries. The worldwide prevalence of HTLV-1 infection is highly heterogeneous, with a global prevalence of 0.91%. In high HDI countries, the observed prevalence is approximately three times lower than in low HDI countries. In the general population, the observed prevalence is about 5 times higher than in pregnant women and 41 times higher than in blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice Castor Lins Sampaio
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ramos Ribeiro
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ney Boa-Sorte
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil.,Health Technology Assessment Unit, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Galvão-Castro
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil.,Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil.,Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Katia Nunes Sá
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil
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22
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Talukder MR, Woodman R, Pham H, Wilson K, Gessain A, Kaldor J, Einsiedel L. High Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1c Proviral Loads Are Associated With Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Cross-Sectional Community Survey in Central Australia. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:e820-e826. [PMID: 35903021 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A link between chronic inflammation and several noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has been established. Although chronic infection with the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the recognized cause of several inflammatory diseases and these are associated with a high number of HTLV-1-infected cells in peripheral blood (proviral load [PVL]), possible interactions between PVL and NCDs have not been studied at a community level. METHODS Adult Aboriginal residents of 7 remote communities were invited to complete a health survey between 25 August 2014 and 30 June 2018. Blood was drawn for HTLV-1 serology and PVL, and relevant medical conditions were obtained from health records. Associations between HTLV-1 PVL and diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and coronary artery disease (CAD) were determined using logistic regression, adjusting for available confounders. RESULTS Among 510 participants (56% of the estimated adult resident population, 922), 197 (38.6%) were HTLV-1-infected. A high HTLV-1 PVL was associated with a 2-fold increase in the odds of diabetes and CKD (diabetes, adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-3.61; P = .033 and CKD: aOR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.03-3.8; P = .041). A nonsignificant association between high PVL and CAD (aOR, 7.08; 95% CI, 1.00-50.18; P = .05) was found for participants aged <50 years at the time of angiography. CONCLUSIONS In a community-based study in central Australia, people with HTLV-1 who had high HTLV-1 PVL were more likely to have diabetes and CKD. These findings have potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Radwanur Talukder
- HTLV-1 Research, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Alice Springs Hospital, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Richard Woodman
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hai Pham
- HTLV-1 Research, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Alice Springs Hospital, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Kim Wilson
- National Serology Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Oncogenic Virus Epidemiology and Pathophysiology (EPVO) Unit and Joint Research Unit (UMR) 3569 National Reference Centre (CNRS), Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - John Kaldor
- Global Health Program, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lloyd Einsiedel
- HTLV-1 Research, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Alice Springs Hospital, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia.,Department of Medicine, NT Health, Alice Springs Hospital, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
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23
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Ahmadi Ghezeldasht S, Blackbourn DJ, Mosavat A, Rezaee SA. Pathogenicity and virulence of human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) in oncogenesis: adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:189-211. [PMID: 36593730 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2157791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive malignancy of CD4+ T lymphocytes caused by human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection. HTLV-1 was brought to the World Health Organization (WHO) and researchers to address its impact on global public health, oncogenicity, and deterioration of the host immune system toward autoimmunity. In a minority of the infected population (3-5%), it can induce inflammatory networks toward HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), or hijacking the infected CD4+ T lymphocytes into T regulatory subpopulation, stimulating anti-inflammatory signaling networks, and prompting ATLL development. This review critically discusses the complex signaling networks in ATLL pathogenesis during virus-host interactions for better interpretation of oncogenicity and introduces the main candidates in the pathogenesis of ATLL. At least two viral factors, HTLV-1 trans-activator protein (TAX) and HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ), are implicated in ATLL manifestation, interacting with host responses and deregulating cell signaling in favor of infected cell survival and virus dissemination. Such molecules can be used as potential novel biomarkers for ATLL prognosis or targets for therapy. Moreover, the challenging aspects of HTLV-1 oncogenesis introduced in this review could open new venues for further studies on acute leukemia pathogenesis. These features can aid in the discovery of effective immunotherapies when reversing the gene expression profile toward appropriate immune responses gradually becomes attainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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24
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Villamil-Gomez W, Torres JR, Rojas-Hernández J, Reston TJ, Vergara-Corena J, Salgado P, Viloria-Ruiz J, Castro A, Cabrera Lasso AM, Gotuzzo E. HTLV-1 uveitis in Colombia, an underrecognized complication of a hitherto neglected condition: a case series. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2023; 10:20499361231165864. [PMID: 37114190 PMCID: PMC10126695 DOI: 10.1177/20499361231165864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Three Colombian patients with chronic HTLV-1 infection and severe intermediate and/or posterior uveitis are described. In one case, retinal ablation was necessary due to extensive peripheral degeneration, while the other two were successfully managed with local anti-inflammatory therapy. Gradual resolution of ocular findings was observed in all three patients on follow-up. Uveitis is a rarely recognized late complication of this infection, which represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians in endemic countries. The real extension of HTLV-1 prevalence in Colombia and the frequency of its ophthalmologic complications remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime R. Torres
- Infectious Diseases Section, Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Torés Jose Reston
- Dirección Científica, Clinica Oftalmologica de la Costa, Sincelejo, Colombia
| | | | - Patricia Salgado
- Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Sincelejo, Sincelejo, Colombia
| | | | - Alvaro Castro
- Departamento de Patología, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Colombia
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25
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Herrera BB, Mayoral R, Brites C. Development and Validation of a Rapid Screening Test for HTLV-I IgG Antibodies. Viruses 2022; 15:129. [PMID: 36680167 PMCID: PMC9862416 DOI: 10.3390/v15010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Initial diagnosis of human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infections is mainly based by detecting antibodies in plasma or serum using laboratory-based methods. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a rapid screening test for HTLV-I antibodies. Our rapid screening test uses HTLV-I p24 antigen conjugated to gold nanoparticles and an anti-human IgG antibody immobilized to a nitrocellulose strip to detect human HTLV-I p24-specific IgG antibodies via immunochromatography. Performance of the rapid screening test for HTLV-I was conducted on a total of 118 serum specimens collected in Salvador, Bahia, the epicenter for HTLV-1 infection in Brazil. Using a Western blot test as the comparator, 55 serum specimens were HTLV-I positive, 5 were HTLV-I and HTLV-II positive, and 58 were negative. The sensitivity of the rapid screening test for HTLV-1 was 96.7% and the specificity was 100%. The rapid screening test did not show cross-reaction with serum specimens from individuals with potentially interfering infections including those caused by HTLV-II, HIV-I, HIV-II, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, SARS-CoV-2, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Plasmodium falciparum. The rapid screening test also did not show cross-reaction with potentially interfering substances. Strategies for HTLV diagnosis in non- and high-endemic areas can be improved with low-cost, rapid screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Brooke Herrera
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Carlos Brites
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Brazil
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26
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Ashrafi F, Rahimzada M, Parandi M, Mirhosseini A, Mashkani B, Ahmadi Ghezeldasht S, Soltani A, Rafatpanah H, Mosavat A, Abdolrahim Rezaee S. Molecular insight into the study of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL): Ten-year studies on HTLV-1 associated diseases in an endemic region. Gene 2022; 847:146885. [PMID: 36108787 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The outcome of successful infection, including human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is determined by the interactions between the host and the infectious agent. Ten years of work on HTLV-1-associated diseases in an endemic region of Iran have been critically compared in the present study. The outstanding findings of RNA-seq, system biology analysis, and gene expression measurements on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and enzootic bovine leukosis(EBL) in our lab encouraged us to investigate the significant role of oncogenes in the ATLL malignancy. Most studies assessed such interactions by the proviral load (PVL), Tax, and HBZ regulatory proteins in HTLV-1 and the host's immunological and cell cycle factors. The current study is a comprehensive comparing view of our previously published and unpublished results investigating the HTLV-1-host interactions leading to the transformation of the infected cell. The main focus has been on the essential proteins implicated in the virus dissemination, cell survival, and proliferation of infected cells toward leukemia development and progression. Similar to its homolog BLV-AS-1-2 in EBL, the HTLV-1-HBZ is a pivotal factor in the maintenance and progression of the ATLL. In addition, the inappropriate activities of the PI3K/Akt pathway, BRCAs, and RAD51 in the DNA repair system, which are orchestrating many other immortalization pathways, might be the central factors in the manifestation of ATLL. HTLV-1-HBZ and the host PI3K/Akt pathway, BCAs, and RAD51 could be suggested as influential targets for the prognosis and proper therapy of ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ashrafi
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masooma Rahimzada
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Parandi
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Mirhosseini
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and, Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ararsh Soltani
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; HTLV-1 Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and, Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; HTLV-1 Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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27
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Habibabadi HM, Parsania M, Pourfathollah AA, Sharifi Z. Association of HTLV-1 infection prevalence with TLR7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs179008 & rs179009) in asymptomatic blood donors in Khorasan Province of Iran. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Liu Z, Larocque É, Xie Y, Xiao Y, Lemay G, Peloponese JM, Mesnard JM, Rassart É, Lin R, Zhou S, Zeng Y, Gao H, Cen S, Barbeau B. A newly identified interaction between nucleolar NPM1/B23 and the HTLV-I basic leucine zipper factor in HTLV-1 infected cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:988944. [PMID: 36532440 PMCID: PMC9753777 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.988944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 is the causative agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL). The HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ) has been associated to the cancer-inducing properties of this virus, although the exact mechanism is unknown. In this study, we identified nucleophosmin (NPM1/B23) as a new interaction partner of HBZ. We show that sHBZ and the less abundant uHBZ isoform interact with nucleolar NPM1/B23 in infected cells and HTLV-1 positive patient cells, unlike equivalent antisense proteins of related non-leukemogenic HTLV-2, -3 and-4 viruses. We further demonstrate that sHBZ association to NPM1/B23 is sensitive to RNase. Interestingly, sHBZ was shown to interact with its own RNA. Through siRNA and overexpression experiments, we further provide evidence that NPM1/B23 acts negatively on viral gene expression with potential impact on cell transformation. Our results hence provide a new insight over HBZ-binding partners in relation to cellular localization and potential function on cell proliferation and should lead to a better understanding of the link between HBZ and ATL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Liu
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre d’excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital & Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Émilie Larocque
- Centre d’excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yongli Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre d’excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Lemay
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Peloponese
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Mesnard
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Éric Rassart
- Centre d’excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rongtuan Lin
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital & Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Neurosurgery Department, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Neurosurgery Department, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongzhi Gao
- Neurosurgery Department, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Benoit Barbeau
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre d’excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Tornesello ML, Cerasuolo A, Starita N, Tornesello AL, Bonelli P, Tuccillo FM, Buonaguro L, Isaguliants MG, Buonaguro FM. The Molecular Interplay between Human Oncoviruses and Telomerase in Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5257. [PMID: 36358677 PMCID: PMC9659228 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human oncoviruses are able to subvert telomerase function in cancer cells through multiple strategies. The activity of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (TERT) is universally enhanced in virus-related cancers. Viral oncoproteins, such as high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) LMP1, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8) LANA, hepatitis B virus (HBV) HBVx, hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein and human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein, interact with regulatory elements in the infected cells and contribute to the transcriptional activation of TERT gene. Specifically, viral oncoproteins have been shown to bind TERT promoter, to induce post-transcriptional alterations of TERT mRNA and to cause epigenetic modifications, which have important effects on the regulation of telomeric and extra-telomeric functions of the telomerase. Other viruses, such as herpesviruses, operate by integrating their genomes within the telomeres or by inducing alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) in non-ALT cells. In this review, we recapitulate on recent findings on virus-telomerase/telomeres interplay and the importance of TERT-related oncogenic pathways activated by cancer-causing viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerasuolo
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Noemy Starita
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bonelli
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Franca Maria Tuccillo
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Cancer Immunoregulation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Franco M. Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Micro-Players of Great Significance-Host microRNA Signature in Viral Infections in Humans and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810536. [PMID: 36142450 PMCID: PMC9504570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over time, more and more is becoming known about micro-players of great significance. This is particularly the case for microRNAs (miRNAs; miR), which have been found to participate in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes in both humans and animals. One such process is viral infection in humans and animals, in which the host miRNAs—alone or in conjunction with the virus—interact on two levels: viruses may regulate the host’s miRNAs to evade its immune system, while the host miRNAs can play anti- or pro-viral roles. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to present the key miRNAs involved in viral infections in humans and animals. We summarize the data in the available literature, indicating that the signature miRNAs in human viral infections mainly include 12 miRNAs (i.e., miR-155, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-132, miR-34a, miR -21, miR-16, miR-181 family, let-7 family, and miR-10a), while 10 miRNAs are commonly found in animals (i.e., miR-155, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-145, miR-21, miR-15a/miR-16 cluster, miR-181 family, let-7 family, and miR-122) in this context. Knowledge of which miRNAs are involved in different viral infections and the biological functions that they play can help in understanding the pathogenesis of viral diseases, facilitating the future development of therapeutic agents for both humans and animals.
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31
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Hashiba Y, Umekita K, Kimura M, Iwao C, Iwao K, Kariya Y, Kubo K, Miyauchi S, Kudou R, Rikitake Y, Kawaguchi T, Matsuda M, Takajo I, Inoue E, Hidaka T, Okayama A. High incidence of serious infections requiring hospitalisation in human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1-positive rheumatoid arthritis: A case-controlled observational study. Mod Rheumatol 2022; 32:866-874. [PMID: 34897491 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the clinical features of human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of HTLV-1 infection on incidences of serious infections requiring hospitalisation (SIH) and malignancies. METHODS A total of 150 sex- and age-matched HTLV-1-negative and 50 HTLV-1-positive RA patients were enrolled from the HTLV-1 RA Miyazaki Cohort Study. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from this cohort database. The incidence rate (IR) for SIH and malignancies from 2015 to 2020 was analysed. RESULTS The median age and female ratio in the study population were 70 years old and 80%, respectively. Although no differences were found in inflammatory marker values between the two groups, the patient global assessment and Health Assessment Questionnaire scores were higher in HTLV-1-positive RA patients. In HTLV-1-negative RA patients, the IR for SIH was 6.37/100 person-years (PY) and 1.32/100 PY for malignancies. In HTLV-1-positive RA patients, SIH occurred in 11.1/100 PY and malignancies in 2.46/100 PY. The crude IR ratio comparing SIH between two groups was 1.74 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.84), which was a significant increase. CONCLUSIONS HTLV-1-positive RA patients may worsen RA symptoms. HTLV-1 may be a risk factor for SIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Hashiba
- Department of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-no-Mori Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Umekita
- Department of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kimura
- Department of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Chihiro Iwao
- Department of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kosho Iwao
- Department of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yumi Kariya
- Department of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kubo
- Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-no-Mori Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shunichi Miyauchi
- Department of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Risa Kudou
- Department of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Rikitake
- Department of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Motohiro Matsuda
- Department of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takajo
- Department of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eisuke Inoue
- Showa University Research Administration Center, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hidaka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-no-Mori Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okayama
- Department of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Costa DA, Carvalho FM, Vieira NM, Falcão GGSC, Sarmento VA, Brites C, Lins-Kusterer L. Work ability and associated factors in people living with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e0111. [PMID: 35946625 PMCID: PMC9344948 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0111-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Infection with the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) affects an
estimated 10-15 million people worldwide. However, knowledge of the impact
of HTLV-1 infection on work ability is lacking. This study aimed to measure
the frequency and identify factors associated with poor work ability in
patients living with HTLV-1. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 207 individuals infected with HTLV-1 who
attended the University Hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. HTLV-1
antibodies were detected in the participants’ blood by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by western blotting. Participants
answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, personal habits, clinical
data, health-related quality of life, and work ability, evaluated using the
work ability index questionnaire. A Poisson regression model with a robust
variance estimate was used to identify the factors associated with the
prevalence of poor work ability. Results: Patients mean age was 55.2, ranging from 19 to 84 years, 73.0% were females,
100% had monthly family income less than US$ 394, and 33.8% presented HTLV-1
associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). No individual
was classified as having excellent work ability. Poor work ability
prevalence was strongly associated (prevalence ratio; 95% confidence
interval [CI]) with sedentarism (1.30; 1.03-1.65), neurological symptoms
(1.25; 1.02-1.52), and low physical (0.95; 0.94-0.96) and mental (0.98;
0.97-0.99) component summaries of health-related quality of life. Conclusions: Poor work ability among people living with HTLV-1 is associated with
sedentarism, neurologic symptoms, and low health-related quality of
life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Alves Costa
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | | | - Nicolle Melo Vieira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | | | | | - Carlos Brites
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Liliane Lins-Kusterer
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brasil
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El Hajj H, Bazarbachi A. Interplay between innate immunity and the viral oncoproteins Tax and HBZ in the pathogenesis and therapeutic response of HTLV-1 associated adult T cell leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:957535. [PMID: 35935975 PMCID: PMC9352851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.957535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human T-cell Leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes an array of pathologies, the most aggressive of which is adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), a fatal blood malignancy with dismal prognosis. The progression of these diseases is partly ascribed to the failure of the immune system in controlling the spread of virally infected cells. HTLV-1 infected subjects, whether asymptomatic carriers or symptomatic patients are prone to opportunistic infections. An increasing body of literature emphasizes the interplay between HTLV-1, its associated pathologies, and the pivotal role of the host innate and adoptive immune system, in shaping the progression of HTLV-1 associated diseases and their response to therapy. In this review, we will describe the modalities adopted by the malignant ATL cells to subvert the host innate immune response with emphasis on the role of the two viral oncoproteins Tax and HBZ in this process. We will also provide a comprehensive overview on the function of innate immunity in the therapeutic response to chemotherapy, anti-viral or targeted therapies in the pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- *Correspondence: Ali Bazarbachi,
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Hayashi Y, Kitajima T, Marumo S, Fukui M. Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Becoming Apparent during Treatment of Pulmonary Abscess and Empyema Caused by Nocardia asiatica: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Intern Med 2022; 61:2227-2232. [PMID: 34980794 PMCID: PMC9381332 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8428-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nocardia is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes opportunistic infections. Nocardia asiatica was newly isolated in 2004, and there have been no case reports describing the empyema caused by N. asiatica. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). We herein report a case in which immunosuppression attributable to ATL may have led to pulmonary abscess and empyema caused by N. asiatica. Our case demonstrates the need to investigate causes of immunosuppression, including ATL, in patients showing nocardiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hayashi
- Department of Respirology, Kitano Hospital, the Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kitajima
- Department of Respirology, Kitano Hospital, the Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Japan
| | - Satoshi Marumo
- Department of Respirology, Kitano Hospital, the Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Japan
| | - Motonari Fukui
- Department of Respirology, Kitano Hospital, the Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Japan
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Umekita K. Effect of HTLV-1 Infection on the Clinical Course of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071460. [PMID: 35891440 PMCID: PMC9323945 DOI: 10.3390/v14071460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The effects of HTLV-1 on health are not fully elucidated. Epidemiological studies have shown that the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection is high in patients with rheumatic diseases. The prevalence of comorbidities, such as Sjögren’s syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is higher in patients with HAM/TSP than the in general population. Studies have shown the effects of HTLV-1-infection on the clinical course of RA. Major questions on the association between HTLV-1 infection and RA: (1) Is it possible that HTLV-1 infection causes RA? (2) Do patients with RA who are infected with HTLV-1 have different clinical features? (3) Are immunosuppressants associated with an increased prevalence of HAM/TSP or ATL in RA patients with HTLV-1 infection? Is ATL an immunosuppressive therapy-associated lymphoproliferative disorder? No large-scale studies have investigated the incidence of ATL in patients with RA. However, several studies have reported the development of ATL in patients with RA who have HTLV-1 infection. This review aimed to shed light on the association between HTLV-1 infection and RA and summarize the unmet medical needs of RA patients with HTLV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Umekita
- Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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36
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Iwamoto N, Araki T, Umetsu A, Takatani A, Aramaki T, Ichinose K, Terada K, Hirakata N, Ueki Y, Kawakami A, Eguchi K. The Association of Increase of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load (PVL) With Infection in HTLV-1-Positive Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal Analysis of Changes in HTLV-1 PVLs in a Single Center Cohort Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887783. [PMID: 35603142 PMCID: PMC9120818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We evaluated changes of HTLV-1 proviral loads (PVLs) during treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and investigated whether these changes affect the clinical course in HTLV-1-positive RA patients. Methods A total of 41 HTLV-1-positive RA patients were analyzed. Their clinical picture including disease activity [Disease Activity Score in 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), DAS28-CRP, simplified disease activity index (SDAI), and clinical disease activity index (CDAI)] and comorbidity were evaluated over a 2-year period. PVLs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We investigated whether HTLV-1 PVLs is altered, or which clinical characteristics affect changes of HTLV1-PVLs during 2-year treatment. Results Clinical disease activity was not changed during the 2-year observational period. The mean HTLV-1 PVL value change from baseline to 2 years was -1.2 copies/1000 PBMCs, which was not statistically significant. No baseline clinical characteristics influenced changes in HTLV-1 PVL. However, a numerical change of HTLV-1 PVLs was increased in 4 patients initiating the new biological/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) at 2−10 months after starting the new b/ts DMARDs (numerical increase was 24.87 copies/1000 PBMCs). Infection occurred in 4 patients, and 3 of those patients showed an increased HTLV-1 PVL. Univariate analysis revealed an association between increase of HTLV-1 PVL and incidence of infection. Conclusions Over 2 years, HTLV-1 PVL did not significantly change in our HTLV-1-positive RA patients. Individual changes in HTLV-1 PVL were correlated with incidence of infection but not disease activity which indicate that we may take precaution toward infection at the uptick of HTLV-1 PVL in HTLV-1-positive RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Iwamoto
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Araki
- Department of Rheumatology, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Umetsu
- Department of Rheumatology, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Ayuko Takatani
- Department of Rheumatology, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | | | - Kunihiro Ichinose
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Terada
- Department of Rheumatology, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | | | - Yukitaka Ueki
- Department of Rheumatology, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsumi Eguchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
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Utsunomiya A, Izutsu K, Jo T, Yoshida S, Tsukasaki K, Ando K, Choi I, Imaizumi Y, Kato K, Kurosawa M, Kusumoto S, Miyagi T, Ohtsuka E, Sasaki O, Shibayama H, Shimoda K, Takamatsu Y, Takano K, Yonekura K, Makita S, Taguchi J, Gillings M, Onogi H, Tobinai K. Oral HDAC Inhibitor Tucidinostat (HBI-8000) in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: Phase IIb Results. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2778-2787. [PMID: 35579212 PMCID: PMC9357668 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This multicenter, prospective phase IIb trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of tucidinostat (HBI‐8000) in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) was undertaken in Japan. Eligible patients had R/R ATLL and had failed standard of care treatment with chemotherapy and with mogamulizumab. Twenty‐three patients received tucidinostat 40 mg orally twice per week and were included in efficacy and safety analyses. The primary end‐point was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by an independent committee. The ORR was 30.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.2, 52.9]. Median progression‐free survival was 1.7 months (95% CI, 0.8, 7.4), median duration of response was 9.2 months (95% CI, 2.6, not reached), and median overall survival was 7.9 months (95% CI, 2.3, 18.0). All patients experienced adverse events (AEs), which were predominantly hematologic and gastrointestinal. Incidence of grade 3 or higher AEs was 78.3%; most were laboratory abnormalities (decreases in platelets, neutrophils, white blood cells, and hemoglobin). Tucidinostat was well tolerated with AEs that could be mostly managed with supportive care and dose modifications. Tucidinostat is a meaningful treatment option for R/R ATLL patients; further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koji Izutsu
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Jo
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsukasaki
- Department of Hematology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ilseung Choi
- Department of Hematology, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Koji Kato
- Department of Hematology, Oncology & Cardiovascular medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Shigeru Kusumoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyagi
- Department of Hematology, Heartlife Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ohtsuka
- Department of Hematology, Oita Prefectural Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Osamu Sasaki
- Division of Hematology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Shibayama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takamatsu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kuniko Takano
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hospital, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yonekura
- Department of Dermatology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Makita
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Taguchi
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Matsuo M, Ueno T, Monde K, Sugata K, Tan BJY, Rahman A, Miyazato P, Uchiyama K, Islam S, Katsuya H, Nakajima S, Tokunaga M, Nosaka K, Hata H, Utsunomiya A, Fujisawa JI, Satou Y. Identification and characterization of a novel enhancer in the HTLV-1 proviral genome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2405. [PMID: 35504920 PMCID: PMC9065021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a cancer of infected CD4+ T-cells. There is both sense and antisense transcription from the integrated provirus. Sense transcription tends to be suppressed, but antisense transcription is constitutively active. Various efforts have been made to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of HTLV-1 provirus for several decades; however, it remains unknown how HTLV-1 antisense transcription is maintained. Here, using proviral DNA-capture sequencing, we found a previously unidentified viral enhancer in the middle of the HTLV-1 provirus. The transcription factors, SRF and ELK-1, play a pivotal role in the activity of this enhancer. Aberrant transcription of genes in the proximity of integration sites was observed in freshly isolated ATL cells. This finding resolves certain long-standing questions concerning HTLV-1 persistence and pathogenesis. We anticipate that the DNA-capture-seq approach can be applied to analyze the regulatory mechanisms of other oncogenic viruses integrated into the host cellular genome. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic virus with constantly active antisense transcription from the proviral genome. Here, Matsuo et al. perform proviral DNA-capture followed by high-throughput sequencing and identify a yet unknown viral enhancer in the middle of the HTLV-1 provirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Matsuo
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takaharu Ueno
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Monde
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugata
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Benjy Jek Yang Tan
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Akhinur Rahman
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Paola Miyazato
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Uchiyama
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Saiful Islam
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,Viral Recombination Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, US
| | - Hiroo Katsuya
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakajima
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Masahito Tokunaga
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, 890-0064, Japan
| | - Kisato Nosaka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Cancer Center, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hata
- Division of Informative Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0972, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, 890-0064, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Fujisawa
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yorifumi Satou
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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Impact of anti-diabetic sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on tumor growth of intractable hematological malignancy in humans. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112864. [PMID: 35367765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the dysfunction of mitochondria, cancer cells preferentially utilize both glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways rather than electron transport chains to desperately generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH), classically recognized as the Warburg effect. Based on this background, the present study tested the hypothesis that anti-diabetic sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors would exert a tumor-suppressive impact on intractable human hematological malignancies via the modulation of glucose metabolism within cells and cell cycles. The level of mRNA for SGLT2 was remarkably elevated in leukemic cells from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), one of the most intractable blood cancers in humans, and as well as in two kinds of ATL cell lines (MT-1 and MT-2). Two kinds of SGLT2 inhibitors, Luseogliflozin and Tofogliflozin substantially suppressed the proliferation of MT-1 and MT-2 cells in both adherent and anchorage-independent culture conditions. Such a suppressive effect on tumor cell growth was reproduced by Luseogliflozin in leukemic cells in peripheral blood from patients with ATL. In MT-2 cells, both of SGLT2 inhibitors considerably attenuated glucose uptake, intracellular ATP levels, and NADPH production, resultantly enhancing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. From the standpoint of metabolic oncology, the present study suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors would be a promising adjunctive option for the treatment of the most intractable human hematological malignancies like ATL.
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Luo I, Bradhurst P, Chen R. Intravenous immunoglobulin infusion contributes to a high incidence of false reactive screen results for human T-lymphotropic virus. Pathology 2022; 54:768-771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fowler F, Einsiedel L. A Qualitative Study Exploring Perceptions to the Human T Cell Leukaemia Virus Type 1 in Central Australia: Barriers to Preventing Transmission in a Remote Aboriginal Population. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:845594. [PMID: 35572972 PMCID: PMC9100826 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.845594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Central Australia has the highest recorded prevalence of infection with the human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) worldwide. Each of the clinical diseases associated with HTLV-1 have been reported in this region, including deaths due to adult T cell leukaemia, which is causally linked to HTLV-1. Nevertheless, no public health response has been implemented to reduce HTLV-1 transmission among the affected Aboriginal population. In the first study to explore the perceptions of healthcare professionals along with those of Aboriginal people whose communities are actually impacted by HTLV-1, we sought to understand the barriers to preventing HTLV-1 transmission in this remote area. Methodology/Principal Findings Semi and un-structured interviews were conducted with 30 Australian Aboriginal people, 26 non-Aboriginal healthcare professionals and 3 non-Aboriginal community workers. The purpose of the interviews was to explore perceptions towards HTLV-1 in a health context with a focus on sexual and reproductive rights. Deductive and inductive analyses were applied to the data and a decolonizing lens brought peripheral stories to the fore. A major finding was the contrast between views expressed by Aboriginal participants and healthcare professionals regarding the provision of knowledge to those affected. Aboriginal participants consistently articulated that they and their communities should be informed of, and can hold, knowledges pertaining to HTLV-1. This finding controverted the perceptions of healthcare professionals that the complexities of the virus would not be well-understood by their Aboriginal patients and that sharing HTLV-1 knowledges might overwhelm Aboriginal people. Further analyses revealed a spectrum of understanding and clinical practice, while also delineating signs of an imagined public health response. Conclusions/Significance HTLV-1 remains a neglected infection in Australia. Knowledge of HTLV-1 is held by a privileged medical elite and does not flow to marginalised Aboriginal people living in affected communities. We demonstrate that differences in the perspectives of stakeholders presents a significant barrier to the development of cohesive, culturally safe prevention programs that foster a shared knowledge of HTLV-1. The interview data suggests that a successful public health program is likely to require a dual approach that includes clinical care and community-driven health promotion. Aspects of this approach, which would raise awareness and potentially reduce transmission and lower HTLV-1 prevalence in Central Australia, may be applicable to other endemic settings with similar conditions of social disadvantage, geographic remoteness, resource limitations and cross-cultural challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Fowler
- Department of Social Work, Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany
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Clinical and Public Health Implications of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0007821. [PMID: 35195446 PMCID: PMC8941934 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00078-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is estimated to affect 5 to 10 million people globally and can cause severe and potentially fatal disease, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The burden of HTLV-1 infection appears to be geographically concentrated, with high prevalence in discrete regions and populations. While most high-income countries have introduced HTLV-1 screening of blood donations, few other public health measures have been implemented to prevent infection or its consequences. Recent advocacy from concerned researchers, clinicians, and community members has emphasized the potential for improved prevention and management of HTLV-1 infection. Despite all that has been learned in the 4 decades following the discovery of HTLV-1, gaps in knowledge across clinical and public health aspects persist, impeding optimal control and prevention, as well as the development of policies and guidelines. Awareness of HTLV-1 among health care providers, communities, and affected individuals remains limited, even in countries of endemicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview on HTLV-1 epidemiology and on clinical and public health and highlights key areas for further research and collaboration to advance the health of people with and at risk of HTLV-1 infection.
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Sampaio EC, Aben-Athar CYUP, Pinto DDS, Vallinoto ACR, Cayres Vallinoto IMV. Occupational Therapy for People Living With Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1: Importance and Effectiveness of an Intervention Plan at the Level of Prevention and Rehabilitation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:859889. [PMID: 35425772 PMCID: PMC9001934 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.859889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy (HAM) restricts activities of daily living (ADLs), affecting health and quality of life. Occupational therapy is used to promote independence during ADL in people living with HTLV (PLHTLV). Objective To quantify the clinical aspects, levels of functionality, performance in ADLs and occupational roles of PLHTLV and propose an occupational therapeutic intervention. Method A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was designed with 40 PLHTLV monitored at two referral laboratories of the Federal University of Pará. The Evandro Chagas Research Institute Neurological Disability Scale (EIPEC-2), the Barthel Index and the Occupational Roles Identification List were applied. The G test and Fisher’s exact test (to identify associations between qualitative variables), the Mann–Whitney test (to identify associations between quantitative variables) and Pearson correlation analysis (to identify associations between the total Barthel Index and EIPEC-2 scores) were performed with Microsoft Excel and BioEstat 5.0, and the significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results Motor aspects, the presence of spasticity, sensory aspects, and pain in the lumbar region and lower limbs were significantly (p = 0.0002) higher among symptomatic individuals, who also had more difficulties urinating, traveling up and down stairs and transferring from a chair to a bed. Being a worker, performing housework and socializing (with friends or family members) were the most affected activities among HAM patients. Conclusion The impact of HAM on PLHTLV should include an intervention plan with occupational therapists in rehabilitation programs to create an important third-level prevention initiative, which may help achieve short-, medium-, and long-term goals. Asymptomatic PLHTLV should also be able to prevent future ADL impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilson Coelho Sampaio
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Cintia Yolette Urbano Pauxis Aben-Athar
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Denise da Silva Pinto
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratory of Studies in Functional Rehabilitation of the Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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44
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Miura M, Naito T, Saito M. Current Perspectives in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection and Its Associated Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:867478. [PMID: 35463007 PMCID: PMC9024061 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.867478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a replication-competent human retrovirus associated with two distinct types of diseases: a malignancy of mature CD4+ T cells called adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) and a chronic inflammatory central nervous system disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). It was the first human retrovirus ever associated with a human cancer. Although most HTLV-1-infected individuals remain asymptomatic for life, a subpopulation develops ATL or HAM/TSP. Although the factors that cause these different manifestations of HTLV-1 infection are not fully understood, accumulating evidence suggests that the complex virus-host interactions, as well as the host immune response against HTLV-1 infection, appear to regulate the development of HTLV-1-associated diseases. This review outlines and discusses the current understanding, ongoing developments, and future perspectives of HTLV-1 research.
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45
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Martel M, Gotuzzo E. HTLV-1 Is Also a Sexually Transmitted Infection. Front Public Health 2022; 10:840295. [PMID: 35433594 PMCID: PMC9008201 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.840295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HTLV-1 is a retrovirus which causes diverse diseases in 10% of its infected population, significantly worsening their quality of life and mortality rate. Even though it is globally distributed and is endemic in many countries (including Peru), it is still highly neglected. It spreads through vertical, sexual and parenteral transmission. As no effective treatment against this virus exist, prevention is required to contain it. The World Health Organization published a technical report on the matter in 2021, with the collaboration of international HTLV-1 experts. However, neither the impact of sexual transmission (cause of the majority of adult cases and infection in non-endemic areas) nor its prevention were considered. Evidence is presented, which shows the magnitude of sexual transmission, its risk factors and preventive measures; hoping it will encourage health workers to help eradicate this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Martel
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Eduardo Gotuzzo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Cayetano Heredia National Hospital, Lima, Peru
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Enomoto T, Shiroyama T, Hirata H, Amiya S, Adachi Y, Niitsu T, Noda Y, Hara R, Fukushima K, Suga Y, Miyake K, Koyama S, Iwahori K, Nagatomo I, Tokuhira N, Uchiyama A, Takeda Y, Kumanogoh A. COVID‐19 in a human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type‐1 carrier. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05463. [PMID: 35223018 PMCID: PMC8847415 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first report of COVID‐19 in a human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) carrier. HTLV‐1 infection can cause immune dysfunction even in asymptomatic carriers. This case highlights the need for guidance on management of COVID‐19‐HTLV‐1 coinfection, specifically on the appropriate use of corticosteroid treatment while considering secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Enomoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Takayuki Shiroyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Haruhiko Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Saori Amiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Yuichi Adachi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Takayuki Niitsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshimi Noda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Reina Hara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Kiyoharu Fukushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Kotaro Miyake
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Kota Iwahori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Izumi Nagatomo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Natsuko Tokuhira
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Akinori Uchiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC) Osaka University Osaka Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI) Osaka University Osaka Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease for Education and Research (CiDER) Osaka University Osaka Japan
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James IC, Mejía-Mertel J, Gil Artunduaga MA, Rojas-Hernández JP. Case Series: Pediatric Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Its Clinical Expression. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2021.824067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeHuman T-lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first retrovirus to be identified and associated with oncogenic activity. It is estimated that approximately 10–20 million people in the world are infected with it. The clinical manifestations most commonly associated with HTLV-1 infection include T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and myelopathy associated to HTLV-1 infection. The purpose of this study is to describe clinical and demographic characteristics in pediatric patients with HTLV-1 infection.Methodology and PatientsAmbispective case series analysis, with collection of medical records and subsequent description of demographic data (sex, origin, age) and clinical characteristics in 16 patients with HTLV-1 infection were collected. Twelve of these patients were part of an initially reported cohort and four were recruited later in the study. The patients were collected between January 2017 and July 2021 in a pediatric institution in Cali, in a reference hospital in the southwest region of Colombia.ResultsThirteen of a total of sixteen patients came from the Colombian Pacific coast, where nine were with significant nutritional deficiencies. Seven showed dermatological compromise. Eight patients presented images compatible with inflammation and chronic lung injury, and six of the eight patients were with opportunistic infections. Coinfection with other microorganisms was also observed where one case presented with meningeal tuberculosis, another patient presented with simultaneous infections, namely, malaria, leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis, and a third patient presented intestinal parasitosis and soft tissue infection by Streptococcus pyogenes. Three patients had concomitant autoimmune diseases and a fourth patient was highly suspicious of having polymyositis.ConclusionsThe different clinical findings with simultaneous HTLV-1 infection broaden the panorama to suspect infection by this virus. More studies are required to achieve a direct association between structural lung disease, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency and HTLV-1 infection. This study aims to raise interest and awareness of an ancient but neglected disease.
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Ye L, Taylor GP, Rosadas C. Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Strongyloides stercoralis Co-infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:832430. [PMID: 35237633 PMCID: PMC8882768 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.832430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe distribution of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) overlaps with that of Strongyloides stercoralis. Strongyloides stercoralis infection has been reported to be impacted by co-infection with HTLV-1. Disseminated strongyloidiasis and hyperinfection syndrome, which are commonly fatal, are observed in HTLV-1 co-infected patients. Reduced efficacy of anti-strongyloidiasis treatment in HTLV-1 carriers has been reported. The aim of this meta-analysis and systematic review is to better understand the association between HTLV-1 and S. stercoralis infection.MethodsPubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Global Health, Healthcare Management Information Consortium databases were searched. Studies regarding the prevalence of S. stercoralis, those evaluating the frequency of mild or severe strongyloidiasis, and treatment response in people living with and without HTLV-1 infection were included. Data were extracted and odds ratios were calculated. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to assess the pooled OR and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsFourteen studies were included after full-text reviewing of which seven described the prevalence of S. stercoralis and HTLV-1. The odds of S. stercoralis infection were higher in HTLV-1 carriers when compared with HTLV-1 seronegative subjects (OR 3.2 95%CI 1.7–6.2). A strong association was found between severe strongyloidiasis and HTLV-1 infection (OR 59.9, 95%CI 18.1–198). Co-infection with HTLV-1 was associated with a higher rate of strongyloidiasis treatment failure (OR 5.05, 95%CI 2.5–10.1).ConclusionStrongyloides stercoralis infection is more prevalent in people living with HTLV-1. Co-infected patients are more likely to develop severe presentation and to fail treatment. Screening for HTLV-1 and Strongyloides sp. should be routine when either is diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqing Ye
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham P. Taylor
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Human Retrovirology, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Graham P. Taylor
| | - Carolina Rosadas
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Zarei Ghobadi M, Emamzadeh R. Integration of gene co-expression analysis and multi-class SVM specifies the functional players involved in determining the fate of HTLV-1 infection toward the development of cancer (ATLL) or neurological disorder (HAM/TSP). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262739. [PMID: 35041720 PMCID: PMC8765610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is an oncovirus that may cause two main life-threatening diseases including a cancer type named Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and a neurological and immune disturbance known as HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). However, a large number of the infected subjects remain as asymptomatic carriers (ACs). There is no comprehensive study that determines which dysregulated genes differentiate the pathogenesis routes toward ATLL or HAM/TSP. Therefore, two main algorithms including weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) and multi-class support vector machines (SVM) were utilized to find major gene players in each condition. WGCNA was used to find the highly co-regulated genes and multi-class SVM was employed to identify the most important classifier genes. The identified modules from WGCNA were validated in the external datasets. Furthermore, to find specific modules for ATLL and HAM/TSP, the non-preserved modules in another condition were found. In the next step, a model was constructed by multi-class SVM. The results revealed 467, 3249, and 716 classifiers for ACs, ATLL, and HAM/TSP, respectively. Eventually, the common genes between the WGCNA results and classifier genes resulted from multi-class SVM that also determined as differentially expressed genes, were identified. Through these step-wise analyses, PAIP1, BCAS2, COPS2, CTNNB1, FASLG, GTPBP1, HNRNPA1, RBBP6, TOP1, SLC9A1, JMY, PABPC3, and PBX1 were found as the possible critical genes involved in the progression of ATLL. Moreover, FBXO9, ZNF526, ERCC8, WDR5, and XRCC3 were identified as the conceivable major involved genes in the development of HAM/TSP. These genes can be proposed as specific biomarker candidates and therapeutic targets for each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Zarei Ghobadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rahman Emamzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- * E-mail: ,
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HIV-1 and HTLV-1 Transmission Modes: Mechanisms and Importance for Virus Spread. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010152. [PMID: 35062355 PMCID: PMC8779814 DOI: 10.3390/v14010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, only two retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (type 1 and 2) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), have been recognized as pathogenic for humans. Both viruses mainly infect CD4+ T lymphocytes. HIV replication induces the apoptosis of CD4 lymphocytes, leading to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). After a long clinical latency period, HTLV-1 can transform lymphocytes, with subsequent uncontrolled proliferation and the manifestation of a disease called adult T-cell leukemia (ATLL). Certain infected patients develop neurological autoimmune disorder called HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, also known as tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Both viruses are transmitted between individuals via blood transfusion, tissue/organ transplantation, breastfeeding, and sexual intercourse. Within the host, these viruses can spread utilizing either cell-free or cell-to-cell modes of transmission. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and importance of each mode of transmission for the biology of HIV-1 and HTLV-1.
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