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Chen GH, Dai YC, Hsieh SC, Tsai JJ, Sy AK, Jiz M, Pedroso C, Brites C, Netto EM, Kanki PJ, Saunders DRD, Vanlandingham DL, Higgs S, Huang YJS, Wang WK. Detection of anti-premembrane antibody as a specific marker of four flavivirus serocomplexes and its application to serosurveillance in endemic regions. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2301666. [PMID: 38163752 PMCID: PMC10810658 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2301666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the past few decades, several emerging/re-emerging mosquito-borne flaviviruses have resulted in disease outbreaks of public health concern in the tropics and subtropics. Due to cross-reactivities of antibodies recognizing the envelope protein of different flaviviruses, serosurveillance remains a challenge. Previously we reported that anti-premembrane (prM) antibody can discriminate between three flavivirus infections by Western blot analysis. In this study, we aimed to develop a serological assay that can discriminate infection or exposure with flaviviruses from four serocomplexes, including dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), West Nile (WNV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses, and explore its application for serosurveillance in flavivirus-endemic countries. We employed Western blot analysis including antigens of six flaviviruses (DENV1, 2 and 4, WNV, ZIKV and YFV) from four serocomplexes. We tested serum samples from YF-17D vaccinees, and from DENV, ZIKV and WNV panels that had been confirmed by RT-PCR or by neutralization assays. The overall sensitivity/specificity of anti-prM antibodies for DENV, ZIKV, WNV, and YFV infections/exposure were 91.7%/96.4%, 91.7%/99.2%, 88.9%/98.3%, and 91.3%/92.5%, respectively. When testing 48 samples from Brazil, we identified multiple flavivirus infections/exposure including DENV and ZIKV, DENV and YFV, and DENV, ZIKV and YFV. When testing 50 samples from the Philippines, we detected DENV, ZIKV, and DENV and ZIKV infections with a ZIKV seroprevalence rate of 10%, which was consistent with reports of low-level circulation of ZIKV in Asia. Together, these findings suggest that anti-prM antibody is a flavivirus serocomplex-specific marker and can be employed to delineate four flavivirus infections/exposure in regions where multiple flaviviruses co-circulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Chen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yu-Ching Dai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Szu-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jih-Jin Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ava Kristy Sy
- National Reference Laboratory for Dengue and Other Arbovirus, Virology Department, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Mario Jiz
- Immunology Department, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Celia Pedroso
- LAPI-Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infectologia-School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carlos Brites
- LAPI-Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infectologia-School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Martins Netto
- LAPI-Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infectologia-School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Phyllis J. Kanki
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dana L. Vanlandingham
- Biosecurity Research Institute and Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stephen Higgs
- Biosecurity Research Institute and Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yan-Jang S. Huang
- Biosecurity Research Institute and Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Wei-Kung Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Huebl L, Nnyombi A, Kihumuro A, Lukwago D, Walakira E, Kutalek R. Perceptions of yellow fever emergency mass vaccinations among vulnerable groups in Uganda: A qualitative study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012173. [PMID: 38739650 PMCID: PMC11115279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow fever (YF), a mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic fever, is endemic in Uganda and causes frequent outbreaks. A total of 1.6 million people were vaccinated during emergency mass immunization campaigns in 2011 and 2016. This study explored local perceptions of YF emergency mass immunization among vulnerable groups to inform future vaccination campaigns. METHODOLOGY In this qualitative study, we conducted 43 semi-structured interviews, 4 focus group discussions, and 10 expert interviews with 76 participants. Data were collected in six affected districts with emergency mass vaccination. We included vulnerable groups (people ≥ 65 years and pregnant women) who are typically excluded from YF vaccination except during mass immunization. Data analysis was conducted using grounded theory. Inductive coding was utilized, progressing through open, axial, and selective coding. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Participants relied on community sources for information about the YF mass vaccination. Information was disseminated door-to-door, in community spaces, during religious gatherings, and on the radio. However, most respondents had no knowledge of the vaccine, and it was unclear to them whether a booster dose was required. In addition, the simultaneous presidential election during the mass vaccination campaign led to suspicion and resistance to vaccination. The lack of reliable and trustworthy information and the politicization of vaccination campaigns reinforced mistrust of YF vaccines. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE People in remote areas affected by YF outbreaks rely on community sources of information. We therefore recommend improving health education, communication, and engagement through respected and trusted community members. Vaccination campaigns can never be seen as detached from political systems and power relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Huebl
- Unit Medical Anthropology and Global Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aloysious Nnyombi
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aban Kihumuro
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Denis Lukwago
- Cluster Monitoring and Evaluation Lead, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Masaka, Uganda
| | - Eddy Walakira
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ruth Kutalek
- Unit Medical Anthropology and Global Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ferrara P, Losa L, Mantovani LG, Ambrosioni J, Agüero F. Humoral immunogenicity of primary yellow fever vaccination in infants and children: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taae039. [PMID: 38438165 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination plays a critical role in mitigating the burden associated with yellow fever (YF). However, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence on the humoral response to primary vaccination in the paediatric population, with several questions debated, including the response when the vaccine is administered at early ages, the effect of co-administration with other vaccines, the duration of immunity and the use of fractional doses, among others. This study summarizes the existing evidence regarding the humoral response to primary YF vaccination in infants and children. METHODS Studies on the humoral response to primary YF vaccination in children aged 12 years or younger were reviewed. The humoral vaccine response rate (VRR), i.e. the proportion of children who tested positive for vaccine-induced YF-specific neutralizing antibodies, was pooled through random-effects meta-analysis and categorized based on the time elapsed since vaccination. Subgroup, meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 33 articles met the inclusion criteria, with all but one conducted in countries where YF is endemic. A total of 14 028 infants and children entered this systematic review. Within three months following vaccination, the pooled VRR was 91.9% (95% CI 89.8-93.9). A lower VRR was observed with the 17DD vaccine at the meta-regression analysis. No significant differences in immunogenicity outcomes were observed based on age, administration route, co-administration with other vaccines, or fractional dosing. Results also indicate a decline in VRR over time. CONCLUSIONS Primary YF vaccination effectively provides humoral immunity in paediatric population. However, humoral response declines over time, and this decline is observable after the first 18 months following vaccination. A differential response according to the vaccine substrain was also observed. This research has valuable implications for stimulating further research on the primary YF vaccination in infants and children, as well as for informing future policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ferrara
- Center for Public Health Research (CESP), University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Laboratory of Public Health, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Losa
- Center for Public Health Research (CESP), University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo G Mantovani
- Center for Public Health Research (CESP), University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Laboratory of Public Health, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Juan Ambrosioni
- Infectious Disease Department, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelon-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Agüero
- Unit of Preventive Medicine, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Shinde DP, Plante JA, Scharton D, Mitchell B, Walker J, Azar SR, Campos RK, Sacchetto L, Drumond BP, Vasilakis N, Plante KS, Weaver SC. Yellow Fever Emergence: Role of Heterologous Flavivirus Immunity in Preventing Urban Transmission. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.03.583168. [PMID: 38463973 PMCID: PMC10925309 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.03.583168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
During major, recent yellow fever (YF) epidemics in Brazil, human cases were attributed only to spillover infections from sylvatic transmission with no evidence of human amplification. Furthermore, the historic absence of YF in Asia, despite abundant peridomestic Aedes aegypti and naive human populations, represents a longstanding enigma. We tested the hypothesis that immunity from dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) flaviviruses limits YF virus (YFV) viremia and transmission by Ae. aegypti . Prior DENV and ZIKV immunity consistently suppressed YFV viremia in experimentally infected macaques, leading to reductions in Ae. aegypti infection when mosquitoes were fed on infected animals. These results indicate that, in DENV- and ZIKV-endemic regions such as South America and Asia, flavivirus immunity suppresses YFV human amplification potential, reducing the risk of urban outbreaks. One-Sentence Summary Immunity from dengue and Zika viruses suppresses yellow fever viremia, preventing infection of mosquitoes and reducing the risk of epidemics.
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Piauilino ICR, Souza RKDS, Lima MT, Rodrigues YKB, da Silva LFA, Gouveia AS, Neto AVDS, Chaves BA, Alecrim MDGC, de Menezes CHAB, Castilho MDC, Baia-da-Silva DC, Espinosa FEM. Does the Presence or a High Titer of Yellow Fever Virus Antibodies Interfere with Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Zika Virus Infection? Viruses 2023; 15:2244. [PMID: 38005922 PMCID: PMC10675107 DOI: 10.3390/v15112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) originated in Africa and expanded to the Americas, where both are co-circulated. It is hypothesized that in areas of high circulation and vaccination coverage against YFV, children of pregnant women have a lower risk of microcephaly. We evaluated the presence and titers of antibodies and outcomes in women who had ZIKV infection during pregnancy. Pregnancy outcomes were classified as severe, moderate, and without any important outcome. An outcome was defined as severe if miscarriage, stillbirth, or microcephaly occurred, and moderate if low birth weight and/or preterm delivery occurred. If none of these events were identified, the pregnancy was defined as having no adverse effects. A sample of 172 pregnant women with an acute ZIKV infection confirmed during pregnancy were collected throughout 2016. About 89% (150 of 169) of them presented immunity against YFV, including 100% (09 of 09) of those who had severe outcomes, 84% (16 of 19) of those who had moderate outcomes, and 89% (125 of 141) of those who had non-outcomes. There was no difference between groups regarding the presence of anti-YFV antibodies (p = 0.65) and YFV titers (p = 0.6). We were unable to demonstrate a protective association between the presence or titers of YFV antibodies and protection against serious adverse outcomes from exposure to ZIKV in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Cristina Ribeiro Piauilino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical (PPGMT), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Yanka Karolinna Batista Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical (PPGMT), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
| | - Luís Felipe Alho da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical (PPGMT), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
| | - Ayrton Sena Gouveia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vilhena da Silva Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical (PPGMT), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
| | | | - Maria das Graças Costa Alecrim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical (PPGMT), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
- Coordenação do Curso de Medicina da Faculdade Metropolitana de Manaus/FAMETRO, Manaus 69050-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Helena Aguiar Bôtto de Menezes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical (PPGMT), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
| | | | - Djane Clarys Baia-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical (PPGMT), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus 69058-030, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane,-ILMD/FIOCRUZ Amazônia, Manaus 69057-070, Brazil
| | - Flor Ernestina Martinez Espinosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical (PPGMT), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 6904-000, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane,-ILMD/FIOCRUZ Amazônia, Manaus 69057-070, Brazil
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Simões M, da Silva SA, Lúcio KA, de Oliveira Vieira R, Schwarcz WD, de Lima SMB, Camacho LAB. Standardization, validation, and comparative evaluation of a faster and high-performance test for quantification of yellow fever neutralizing antibodies. J Immunol Methods 2023; 522:113568. [PMID: 37748728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Although it is considered the reference for quantification of neutralizing antibodies, classical method of the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is labor intensive, requires specific equipment and inputs, besides a long time for its finalization, even in the micro-PRNT version (in 96-well plates). It has a higher sample throughput, however the smaller wells make the reading of plaques more difficult. With an immunoenzymatic revelation step and a semi-automated reading, the μFRN-HRP (micro Focus Reduction Neutralization - Horseradish Peroxidase) is a faster and more efficient test for the quantification of YF neutralizing antibodies. This study aimed to standardize, validate, and compare it with the reference method in 6-well plates (PRNT). Once the execution protocol was standardized, precision, accuracy, selectivity, and robustness were evaluated to validate the μFRN-HRP. In addition, 200 sera of vaccinees were processed by the μFRN-HRP and by the micro-PRNT to compare with the reference test, estimating agreement by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The standardization and validation of the μFRN-HRP was carried out successfully. Weak to moderate agreement was observed between μFRN-HRP and PRNT for titers in reciprocal dilution, while the same comparison between the classical tests resulted in a better ICC. However, titers in milli-international units obtained by μFRN-HRP showed a substantial agreement with PRNT, while the agreement between micro-PRNT and PRNT was inferior. Therefore, μFRN-HRP can be used in the confirmation of natural YF infection and immune response to vaccination, replacing the micro-PRNT, gaining agility, while preserving the specificity of the result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Simões
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Stephanie Almeida da Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kelly Araújo Lúcio
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renan de Oliveira Vieira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Waleska Dias Schwarcz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ren H, Wang J, Tang H, Qian X, Xia B, Luo Z, Xu Z, Qi Z, Zhao P. Tiratricol inhibits yellow fever virus replication through targeting viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of NS5. Antiviral Res 2023; 219:105737. [PMID: 37879570 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) infection is a major public concern that threatens a large population in South America and Africa. No specific antiviral drugs are available for treating yellow fever. Here, we report that tiratricol (triiodothyroacetic acid, TRIAC), a clinically approved drug used to treat thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (THRS), is a potent YFV inhibitor both in host cells and in animal models.An in vitro study demonstrates that TRIAC remarkably suppresses viral RNA synthesis and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner in human hepatoma cell lines (Huh-7) with an EC50 value of 2.07 μM and a CC50 value of 385.77 μM respectively. The surface plasmon resonance assay and molecular docking analysis indicate that TRIAC hinders viral replication by binding to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain of viral nonstructural protein NS5, probably through interacting with the active sites of RdRp.The inhibitory effect of TRIAC in vivo is also confirmed in 3-week old C57BL/6 mice challenged with YFV infection, from which the survival of the mice as well as lesions and infection in their tissues and serum issignificantly promoted following oral administration of TRIAC (0.2 mg/kg/day). Additionally, TRIAC shows a broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple flaviviruses such as TBEV, WNV,ZIKV, andJEV in vitro. Our data demonstrate that the TH analogue TRIAC is an effective anti-YFV compound and may act as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of YFV infection if its clinical importance is determined in patients in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijing Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghui Xia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghan Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghao Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Ren J, Chen Z, Ling F, Liu Y, Chen E, Shi X, Guo S, Zhang R, Wang Z, Sun J. The epidemiology of Aedes-borne arboviral diseases in Zhejiang, Southeast China: a 20 years population-based surveillance study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1270781. [PMID: 37942243 PMCID: PMC10629596 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1270781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Aedes-borne arboviral diseases were important public health problems in Zhejiang before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics and change of the epidemiology of Aedes-borne arboviral diseases in the province. Methods Descriptive analyses were conducted to summarize the epidemiology of Aedes-borne arboviral diseases during 2003-2022. Results A total of 3,125 cases, including 1,968 indigenous cases, were reported during 2003-2022. Approximately three-quarters of imported cases were infected from Southeast Asia. The number of annual imported cases increased during 2013-2019 (R2 = 0.801, p = 0.004) and peaked in 2019. When compared with 2003-2012, all prefecture-level cities witnessed an increase in the annual mean incidence of imported cases in 2013-2019 (0.11-0.42 per 100,000 population vs. 0-0.05 per 100,000 population) but a drastic decrease during 2020-2022 (0-0.03 per 100,000 population). The change in geographical distribution was similar, with 33/91 counties during 2003-2012, 86/91 during 2013-2019, and 14/91 during 2020-2022. The annual mean incidence of indigenous cases in 2013-2019 was 7.79 times that in 2003-2012 (0.44 vs. 0.06 per 100,000 population). No indigenous cases were reported between 2020-2022. Geographical extension of indigenous cases was also noted before 2020-from two counties during 2003-2012 to 44 during 2013-2019. Conclusion Dengue, chikungunya fever, zika disease, and yellow fever are not endemic in Zhejiang but will be important public health problems for the province in the post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Station of Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ling
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Station of Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enfu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Station of Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuguang Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Station of Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Kim CL, Agampodi S, Marks F, Kim JH, Excler JL. Mitigating the effects of climate change on human health with vaccines and vaccinations. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252910. [PMID: 37900033 PMCID: PMC10602790 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change represents an unprecedented threat to humanity and will be the ultimate challenge of the 21st century. As a public health consequence, the World Health Organization estimates an additional 250,000 deaths annually by 2030, with resource-poor countries being predominantly affected. Although climate change's direct and indirect consequences on human health are manifold and far from fully explored, a growing body of evidence demonstrates its potential to exacerbate the frequency and spread of transmissible infectious diseases. Effective, high-impact mitigation measures are critical in combating this global crisis. While vaccines and vaccination are among the most cost-effective public health interventions, they have yet to be established as a major strategy in climate change-related health effect mitigation. In this narrative review, we synthesize the available evidence on the effect of climate change on vaccine-preventable diseases. This review examines the direct effect of climate change on water-related diseases such as cholera and other enteropathogens, helminthic infections and leptospirosis. It also explores the effects of rising temperatures on vector-borne diseases like dengue, chikungunya, and malaria, as well as the impact of temperature and humidity on airborne diseases like influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection. Recent advances in global vaccine development facilitate the use of vaccines and vaccination as a mitigation strategy in the agenda against climate change consequences. A focused evaluation of vaccine research and development, funding, and distribution related to climate change is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Lynn Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suneth Agampodi
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Chen GH, Dai YC, Hsieh SC, Tsai JJ, Sy AK, Jiz M, Pedroso C, Brites C, Netto EM, Kanki PJ, Saunders DRD, Vanlandingham DL, Higgs S, Huang YJS, Wang WK. Detection of anti-premembrane antibody as a specific marker of four flavivirus serocomplexes and its application to serosurveillance in endemic regions. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.21.23295701. [PMID: 37808865 PMCID: PMC10557774 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.21.23295701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, several emerging/re-emerging mosquito-borne flaviviruses have resulted in disease outbreaks of public health concern in the tropics and subtropics. Due to cross-reactivities of antibodies recognizing the envelope protein of different flaviviruses, serosurveillance remains a challenge. Previously we reported that anti-premembrane (prM) antibody can discriminate between three flavivirus infections by Western blot analysis. In this study, we aimed to develop a serological assay that can discriminate infection or exposure with flaviviruses from four serocomplexes, including dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), West Nile (WNV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses, and explore its application for serosurveillance in flavivirus-endemic countries. We employed Western blot analysis including antigens of six flaviviruses (DENV1, 2 and 4, WNV, ZIKV and YFV) from four serocomplexes. We tested serum samples from YF-17D vaccinees, and from DENV, ZIKV and WNV panels that had been confirmed by RT-PCR or by neutralization assays. The overall sensitivity/specificity of anti-prM antibodies for DENV, ZIKV, WNV, and YFV infections/exposure were 91.7%/96.4%, 91.7%/99.2%, 88.9%/98.3%, and 91.3%/92.5%, respectively. When testing 48 samples from Brazil, we identified multiple flavivirus infections/exposure including DENV and ZIKV, DENV and YFV, and DENV, ZIKV and YFV. When testing 50 samples from the Philippines, we detected DENV, ZIKV, and DENV and ZIKV infections with a ZIKV seroprevalence rate of 10%, which was consistent with reports of low-level circulation of ZIKV in Asia. Together, these findings suggest that anti-prM antibody is a flavivirus serocomplex-specific marker and can be employed to delineate four flavivirus infections/exposure in regions where multiple flaviviruses co-circulate.
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11
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Giovanetti M, Pinotti F, Zanluca C, Fonseca V, Nakase T, Koishi AC, Tscha M, Soares G, Dorl GG, Marques AEM, Sousa R, Adelino TER, Xavier J, de Oliveira C, Patroca S, Guimaraes NR, Fritsch H, Mares-Guia MA, Levy F, Passos PH, da Silva VL, Pereira LA, Mendonça AF, de Macêdo IL, Ribeiro de Sousa DE, Rodrigues de Toledo Costa G, Botelho de Castro M, de Souza Andrade M, de Abreu FVS, Campos FS, Iani FCDM, Pereira MA, Cavalcante KRLJ, de Freitas ARR, Campelo de Albuquerque CF, Macário EM, dos Anjos MPD, Ramos RC, Campos AAS, Pinter A, Chame M, Abdalla L, Riediger IN, Ribeiro SP, Bento AI, de Oliveira T, Freitas C, Oliveira de Moura NF, Fabri A, dos Santos Rodrigues CD, Dos Santos CC, Barreto de Almeida MA, dos Santos E, Cardoso J, Augusto DA, Krempser E, Mucci LF, Gatti RR, Cardoso SF, Fuck JAB, Lopes MGD, Belmonte IL, Mayoral Pedroso da Silva G, Soares MRF, de Castilhos MDMS, de Souza e Silva JC, Bisetto Junior A, Pouzato EG, Tanabe LS, Arita DA, Matsuo R, dos Santos Raymundo J, Silva PCL, Santana Araújo Ferreira Silva A, Samila S, Carvalho G, Stabeli R, Navegantes W, Moreira LA, Ferreira AGA, Pinheiro GG, Nunes BTD, de Almeida Medeiros DB, Cruz ACR, Venâncio da Cunha R, Van Voorhis W, Bispo de Filippis AM, Almiron M, Holmes EC, Ramos DG, Romano A, Lourenço J, Alcantara LCJ, Duarte dos Santos CN. Genomic epidemiology unveils the dynamics and spatial corridor behind the Yellow Fever virus outbreak in Southern Brazil. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg9204. [PMID: 37656782 PMCID: PMC10854437 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the considerable morbidity and mortality of yellow fever virus (YFV) infections in Brazil, our understanding of disease outbreaks is hampered by limited viral genomic data. Here, through a combination of phylogenetic and epidemiological models, we reconstructed the recent transmission history of YFV within different epidemic seasons in Brazil. A suitability index based on the highly domesticated Aedes aegypti was able to capture the seasonality of reported human infections. Spatial modeling revealed spatial hotspots with both past reporting and low vaccination coverage, which coincided with many of the largest urban centers in the Southeast. Phylodynamic analysis unraveled the circulation of three distinct lineages and provided proof of the directionality of a known spatial corridor that connects the endemic North with the extra-Amazonian basin. This study illustrates that genomics linked with eco-epidemiology can provide new insights into the landscape of YFV transmission, augmenting traditional approaches to infectious disease surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università of Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Italy
| | | | - Camila Zanluca
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vagner Fonseca
- Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Taishi Nakase
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrea C. Koishi
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcel Tscha
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Soares
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gisiane Gruber Dorl
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Sousa
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário UFPR, PR Brazil
| | - Talita Emile Ribeiro Adelino
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Joilson Xavier
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Rocha Guimaraes
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hegger Fritsch
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Levy
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Passos
- Coordenação Geral das Arboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde (CGARB/SVS-MS), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Augusto Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Dr Giovanni Cysneiros, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Mendonça
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Dr Giovanni Cysneiros, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Isabel Luana de Macêdo
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70636- 200, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcio Botelho de Castro
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70636- 200, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Miguel de Souza Andrade
- Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Campos de Melo Iani
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maira Alves Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marlei Pickler Debiasi dos Anjos
- Laboratorio central de Saude Publica de Santa Catarina, Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde – SES – Santa Catarina, South Brazil
| | - Rosane Campanher Ramos
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde – SES – Santa Catarina, South Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Pinter
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia Chame
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Biodiversity, Wildlife Health Institutional Platform (PIBSS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Abdalla
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Biodiversity, Wildlife Health Institutional Platform (PIBSS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Ecology of Diseases & Forests, NUPEB/ICEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana I. Bento
- Pandemic Prevention Initiative, The Rockefeller Foundation, Washington DC, USA
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Faculty of Science and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Carla Freitas
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, SVS, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | - Allison Fabri
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Edmilson dos Santos
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jader Cardoso
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Douglas Adriano Augusto
- Plataforma Institucional Biodiversidade e Saúde Silvestre - Centro de Informação em Saúde Silvestre (CISS) - Fiocruz/RJ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos - Rio de Janeiro - RJ Cep: 21.040-360
| | - Eduardo Krempser
- Plataforma Institucional Biodiversidade e Saúde Silvestre - Centro de Informação em Saúde Silvestre (CISS) - Fiocruz/RJ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos - Rio de Janeiro - RJ Cep: 21.040-360
| | - Luís Filipe Mucci
- Secretaria da Saúde (São Paulo - Estado), Av Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 188 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo - SP, 05403-000, Brazil
- Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças (CCD), Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 188 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo - SP, 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto Pasteur (IP), Av. Paulista, 363 Cerqueira Cesar – São Paulo- SP – CEP:01311-000
| | - Renata Rispoli Gatti
- Secretaria de Estado da Saude de Santa Catarina, R. Esteves Júnior, 160 - Centro, Florianópolis - SC, 88015-130, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Fernandes Cardoso
- Secretaria de Estado da Saude de Santa Catarina, R. Esteves Júnior, 160 - Centro, Florianópolis - SC, 88015-130, Brazil
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - João Augusto Brancher Fuck
- Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina, R. Esteves Júnior, 160 - Centro, Florianópolis - SC, 88015-130, Brazil
| | - Maria Goretti David Lopes
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Paraná, Brazil, R. Piquiri, 170 - Rebouças, Curitiba - PR, 80230-140
| | - Ivana Lucia Belmonte
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Paraná, Brazil, R. Piquiri, 170 - Rebouças, Curitiba - PR, 80230-140
| | | | | | | | | | - Alceu Bisetto Junior
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Paraná, Brazil, R. Piquiri, 170 - Rebouças, Curitiba - PR, 80230-140
| | - Emanuelle Gemin Pouzato
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Paraná, Brazil, R. Piquiri, 170 - Rebouças, Curitiba - PR, 80230-140
| | - Laurina Setsuko Tanabe
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Paraná, Brazil, R. Piquiri, 170 - Rebouças, Curitiba - PR, 80230-140
| | - Daniele Akemi Arita
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Paraná, Brazil, R. Piquiri, 170 - Rebouças, Curitiba - PR, 80230-140
| | - Ricardo Matsuo
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Paraná, Brazil, R. Piquiri, 170 - Rebouças, Curitiba - PR, 80230-140
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Samila
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Paraná, Brazil, R. Piquiri, 170 - Rebouças, Curitiba - PR, 80230-140
| | - Glauco Carvalho
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Stabeli
- Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Wildo Navegantes
- Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Luciano Andrade Moreira
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou–Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Gil A. Ferreira
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou–Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wes Van Voorhis
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Maria Almiron
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Garkauskas Ramos
- Coordenação Geral das Arboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde (CGARB/SVS-MS), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Romano
- Coordenação Geral das Arboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde (CGARB/SVS-MS), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - José Lourenço
- BioISI (Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Lopes VDS, Souza PCD, Garcia ÉM, Lima JC. Yellow fever vaccine hesitancy and its relationship with contextual, individual, or group influences and vaccine-specific issues: a scoping review. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:1717-1727. [PMID: 37255148 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023286.13522022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is a phenomenon with the potential to reduce vaccination coverage rates, as observed with the yellow fever vaccine (YFV), leading to epidemics and the reintroduction of controlled immunopreventable diseases. This study, together with the scientific literature, aims to map the relationship among the lack of information, vaccine safety and adverse events, and vaccine hesitancy concerning YFV. A scoping review was conducted in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), National Library of Medicine (PubMed), SCOPUS, Embase, and Web of Science databases, using controlled (DeCS/MeSH) and uncontrolled descriptors. In this work, we selected eleven articles, published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, with no time limits, which met the inclusion criteria. False information, inadequate knowledge about the immunizer, lack of time to take a vaccination, acceptance of the vaccine, vaccine safety, and fear of adverse events were related to vaccine hesitancy. This study reinforces the importance of access to adequate information, provides guidance on YFV safety and adverse events, and can aid in the development of public health strategies to mitigate hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa da Silva Lopes
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2.367. 78060-900 Cuiabá MT Brasil.
| | - Pablo Cristiano de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2.367. 78060-900 Cuiabá MT Brasil.
| | | | - Jaqueline Costa Lima
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2.367. 78060-900 Cuiabá MT Brasil.
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13
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Malnero CM, Azevedo RC, Bergmann IE, de Meneses MDF, Cavalcanti AC, Ibáñez LI, Malirat V. Expression of recombinant dengue virus type 1 non-structural protein 1 in mammalian cells and preliminary assessment of its suitability to detect human IgG antibodies elicited by viral infection. J Immunol Methods 2023; 518:113503. [PMID: 37263391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years dengue has become a rapidly growing public health problem worldwide, however, the availability of accurate and affordable diagnostic immunoassays is limited, partly due to the difficulty of producing large quantities of purified antigen. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has shown to be a good candidate for inclusion in diagnostic assays and for serosurveys, particularly in endemic countries as a prerequisite for vaccination. In this work the NS1 antigen derived from dengue virus type-1 (DENV1) was expressed in HEK293-T cells and purified by affinity chromatography. The recombinant protein was recovered properly folded as dimers, highly purified and with good yield (1.5 mg/L). It was applied as a serological probe in an indirect ELISA developed in this work to detect human IgG antibodies. Preliminary comparative performance values of 81.1% sensitivity and 83.0% specificity of the developed and preliminary validated iELISA, relative to a commercial kit were obtained, suggesting that the purified recombinant DENV1 NS1 antigen is suitable to detect IgG antibodies, indicative of past DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Miguel Malnero
- Centro de Virología Humana y Animal (CEVHAN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Buenos Aires C1287, Argentina
| | - Renata Campos Azevedo
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Evelyn Bergmann
- Centro de Virología Humana y Animal (CEVHAN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Buenos Aires C1287, Argentina
| | | | - Andrea Cony Cavalcanti
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Central Laboratory of Public Health Noel Nutels (LACEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lorena Itatí Ibáñez
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Viviana Malirat
- Centro de Virología Humana y Animal (CEVHAN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Buenos Aires C1287, Argentina.
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14
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Bender RG, Shen J, Aravkin A, Bita Fouda AA, Bwaka AM, Galles NC, Haeuser E, Hay SI, Latt A, Mwenda JM, Rogowski EL, Sbarra AN, Sorensen RJ, Vongpradith A, Wright C, Zheng P, Mosser JF, Kyu HH. Meningococcal A conjugate vaccine coverage in the meningitis belt of Africa from 2010 to 2021: a modelling study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 56:101797. [PMID: 36880052 PMCID: PMC9985031 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As of the end of 2021, twenty-four countries in the African meningitis belt have rolled out mass campaigns of MenAfriVac®, a meningococcal A conjugate vaccine (MACV) first introduced in 2010. Twelve have completed introduction of MACV into routine immunisation (RI) schedules. Although select post-campaign coverage data are published, no study currently comprehensively estimates MACV coverage from both routine and campaign sources in the meningitis belt across age, country, and time. METHODS In this modelling study, we assembled campaign data from the twenty-four countries that had introduced any immunisation activity during or before the year 2021 (Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Sudan, Sudan, Togo and Uganda) via WHO reports and RI data via systematic review. Next, we modelled RI coverage using Spatiotemporal Gaussian Process Regression. Then, we synthesized these estimates with campaign data into a cohort model, tracking coverage for each age cohort from age 1 to 29 years over time for each country. FINDINGS Coverage in high-risk locations amongst children aged 1-4 in 2021 was estimated to be highest in Togo with 96.0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 92.0-99.0), followed by Niger with 87.2% (95% UI 85.3-89.0) and Burkina Faso, with 86.4% (95% UI 85.1-87.6). These countries had high coverage values driven by an initial successful mass immunisation campaign, followed by a catch-up campaign, followed by introduction of RI. Due to the influence of older mass vaccination campaigns, coverage proportions skewed higher in the 1-29 age group than the 1-4 group, with a median coverage of 82.9% in 2021 in the broader age group compared to 45.6% in the narrower age group. INTERPRETATION These estimates highlight where gaps in immunisation remain and emphasise the need for broader efforts to strengthen RI systems. This methodological framework can be applied to estimate coverage for any vaccine that has been delivered in both routine and supplemental immunisation activities. FUNDING Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose G. Bender
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jasmine Shen
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aleksandr Aravkin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ado M. Bwaka
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Inter-Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Natalie C. Galles
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily Haeuser
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon I. Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anderson Latt
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Emergency Preparedness and Response Cluster, Dakar Emergency Hub, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jason M. Mwenda
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Emma L.B. Rogowski
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alyssa N. Sbarra
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Reed J.D. Sorensen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Avina Vongpradith
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Peng Zheng
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan F. Mosser
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Corresponding author. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Hmwe H. Kyu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Salgado Á, de Melo-Minardi RC, Giovanetti M, Veloso A, Morais-Rodrigues F, Adelino T, de Jesus R, Tosta S, Azevedo V, Lourenco J, Alcantara LCJ. Machine learning models exploring characteristic single-nucleotide signatures in yellow fever virus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278982. [PMID: 36508435 PMCID: PMC9744328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the agent of the most severe mosquito-borne disease in the tropics. Recently, Brazil suffered major YFV outbreaks with a high fatality rate affecting areas where the virus has not been reported for decades, consisting of urban areas where a large number of unvaccinated people live. We developed a machine learning framework combining three different algorithms (XGBoost, random forest and regularized logistic regression) to analyze YFV genomic sequences. This method was applied to 56 YFV sequences from human infections and 27 from non-human primate (NHPs) infections to investigate the presence of genetic signatures possibly related to disease severity (in human related sequences) and differences in PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values (in NHP related sequences). Our analyses reveal four non-synonymous single nucleotide variations (SNVs) on sequences from human infections, in proteins NS3 (E614D), NS4a (I69V), NS5 (R727G, V643A) and six non-synonymous SNVs on NHP sequences, in proteins E (L385F), NS1 (A171V), NS3 (I184V) and NS5 (N11S, I374V, E641D). We performed comparative protein structural analysis on these SNVs, describing possible impacts on protein function. Despite the fact that the dataset is limited in size and that this study does not consider virus-host interactions, our work highlights the use of machine learning as a versatile and fast initial approach to genomic data exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Salgado
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AS); (LCJA); (JL)
| | - Raquel C. de Melo-Minardi
- Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano Veloso
- Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francielly Morais-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talita Adelino
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Jesus
- Coordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Stephane Tosta
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Lourenco
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AS); (LCJA); (JL)
| | - Luiz Carlos J. Alcantara
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AS); (LCJA); (JL)
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16
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Opara NU, Nwagbara UI, Hlongwana KW. The COVID-19 Impact on the Trends in Yellow Fever and Lassa Fever Infections in Nigeria. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:932-941. [PMID: 36412749 PMCID: PMC9680345 DOI: 10.3390/idr14060091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever (LF) and yellow fever (YF) belong to a group of viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs). These viruses have common features and damages the organs and blood vessels; they also impair the body's homeostasis. Some VHFs cause mild disease, while some cause severe disease and death such as in the case of Ebola or Marburg. LF virus and YF virus are two of the most recent emerging viruses in Africa, resulting in severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. Lassa fever virus is continuously on the rise both in Nigeria and neighboring countries in West Africa, with an estimate of over 500,000 cases of LF, and 5000 deaths, annually. YF virus is endemic in temperate climate regions of Africa, Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador), and South America (such as Brazil, Argentina, Peru, and Chile) with an annual estimated cases of 200,000 and 30,000 deaths globally. This review examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the trend in epidemiology of these two VHFs to delineate responses that are associated with protective or pathogenic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnennaya U. Opara
- Institute for Academic Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV 25304, USA
- Department of Health Administration, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ugochinyere I. Nwagbara
- Department of Public Health Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Khumbulani W. Hlongwana
- Cancer and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research Unit (CIDERU), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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17
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Dispersal Kernel Type Highly Influences Projected Relationships for Plant Disease Epidemic Severity When Outbreak and At-Risk Populations Differ in Susceptibility. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111727. [DOI: 10.3390/life12111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In silico study of biologically invading organisms provide a means to evaluate the complex and potentially cryptic factors that can influence invasion success in scenarios where empirical studies would be difficult, if not impossible, to conduct. I used a disease event simulation program to evaluate whether the two most frequently used types of plant pathogen dispersal kernels for epidemiological projections would provide complementary or divergent projections of epidemic severity when the hosts in a disease outbreak differed from the hosts in the at-risk population in the degree of susceptibility. Exponential dispersal kernel simulations of wheat stripe rust (Pucciniastriiformis var trittici) predicted a relatively strong and dominant influence of the at-risk population on the end epidemic severity regardless of outbreak disease levels. Simulations using a modified power law dispersal kernel gave projections that varied depending on the amount of disease in the outbreak and some interactions were counter-intuitive and opposite of the exponential dispersal kernel projections. Although relatively straightforward, the disease spread simulations in the present study strongly suggest that a more biologically accurate dispersal kernel generates complexity that would not be revealed by an exponential dispersal gradient and that selecting a less accurate dispersal kernel may obscure important interactions during biological invasions.
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18
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Tuells J, Henao-Martínez AF, Franco-Paredes C. The Perennial Threat of Yellow Fever. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:649-657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Occurrence of yellow fever outbreaks in a partially vaccinated population: An analysis of the effective reproduction number. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010741. [PMID: 36108073 PMCID: PMC9514630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yellow fever is endemic in Africa and the Americas, occurring in urban or sylvatic environments. The infection presents varying symptoms, with high case-fatality among severe cases. In 2016, Brazil had sylvatic yellow fever outbreaks with more than 11 thousand cases, predominantly affecting the country’s Southeast region. The state of Minas Gerais accounted for 30% of cases, even after the vaccine had been included in the immunization calendar for at least 30 years. Methodology and principal findings We applied parameters described in the literature from yellow fever disease into a compartmental model of vector-borne diseases, using namely generation time intervals, vital host and vector parameters, and force of infection, using macroregions as the spatial unit and epidemiological weeks as the time interval. The model permits obtaining the reproduction number, which we analyzed from reported cases of yellow fever from 2016 to 2018 in residents of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Minas Gerais recorded two outbreak periods, starting in EW 51/2016 and EW 51/2017. Of all the reported cases (3,304), 57% were men 30 to 59 years of age. Approximately 27% of cases (905) were confirmed, and 22% (202) of these individuals died. The estimated effective reproduction number varied from 2.7 (95% CI: 2.0–3.6) to 7.2 (95% CI: 4.4–10.9], found in the Oeste and Nordeste regions, respectively. Vaccination coverage in children under one year of age showed heterogeneity among the municipalities comprising the macroregions. Conclusion The outbreaks in multiple parts of the state and the estimated Re values raise concern since the state population was partially vaccinated. Heterogeneity in vaccination coverage may have been associated with the occurrence of outbreaks in the first period, while the subsequent intense vaccination campaign may have determined lower Re values in the second period. Yellow fever attracts important research interest since it is an avoidable disease and is still recurrent in Brazil. Although the country has an important public policy that integrates production, distribution, and routine application of the yellow fever vaccine, the disease is still included on the list of endemic infectious diseases in some regions. Surprisingly, regions that were not previously part of risk areas for yellow fever were heavily affected by the outbreak from 2016 to 2018 in the country. Understanding the outbreak’s occurrence and intensity in the state of Minas Gerais based on the effective reproduction number, the focus of this article, is just part of the larger goal of defining with greater certainty the risk areas for yellow fever and proposing measures to control the spread of the disease.
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Continuous Circulation of Yellow Fever among Rural Populations in the Central African Republic. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092014. [PMID: 36146820 PMCID: PMC9503741 DOI: 10.3390/v14092014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever remains a public-health threat in remote regions of Africa. Here, we report the identification and genetic characterisation of one yellow-fever case observed during the investigation of a cluster of nine suspected haemorrhagic fever cases in a village in the Central African Republic. Samples were tested using real-time RT-PCR targeting the main African haemorrhagic fever viruses. Following negative results, we attempted virus isolation on VERO E6 cells and new-born mice and rescreened the samples using rRT-PCR. The whole viral genome was sequenced using an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencer. Yellow-fever virus (YFV) was isolated from one woman who reported farming activities in a forest setting several days before disease onset. Phylogenetic analysis shows that this strain belongs to the East–Central African YFV genotype, with an estimated emergence some 63 years ago. Finally, five unique amino-acid changes are present in the capsid, envelop, NS1A, NS3, and NS4B proteins. More efforts are required to control yellow-fever re-emergence in resource-limited settings.
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21
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Ma J, Yakass MB, Jansen S, Malengier-Devlies B, Van Looveren D, Sanchez-Felipe L, Vercruysse T, Weynand B, Javarappa MPA, Quaye O, Matthys P, Roskams T, Neyts J, Thibaut HJ, Dallmeier K. Live-attenuated YF17D-vectored COVID-19 vaccine protects from lethal yellow fever virus infection in mouse and hamster models. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104240. [PMID: 36041265 PMCID: PMC9419561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine YF17D holds great promise as alternative viral vector vaccine platform, showcased by our previously presented potent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine candidate YF-S0. Besides protection from SARS-CoV-2, YF-S0 also induced strong yellow fever virus (YFV)-specific immunity, suggestive for full dual activity. A vaccine concomitantly protecting from SARS-CoV-2 and YFV would be of great benefit for those living in YFV-endemic areas with limited access to current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. However, for broader applicability, pre-existing vector immunity should not impact the potency of such YF17D-vectored vaccines. METHODS The immunogenicity and efficacy of YF-S0 against YFV and SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of strong pre-existing YFV immunity were evaluated in mouse and hamster challenge models. FINDINGS Here, we show that a single dose of YF-S0 is sufficient to induce strong humoral and cellular immunity against YFV as well as SARS-CoV-2 in mice and hamsters; resulting in full protection from vigorous YFV challenge in either model; in mice against lethal intracranial YF17D challenge, and in hamsters against viscerotropic infection and liver disease following challenge with highly pathogenic hamster-adapted YFV-Asibi strain. Importantly, strong pre-existing immunity against the YF17D vector did not interfere with subsequent YF-S0 vaccination in mice or hamsters; nor with protection conferred against SARS-CoV-2 strain B1.1.7 (Alpha variant) infection in hamsters. INTERPRETATION Our findings warrant the development of YF-S0 as dual SARS-CoV-2 and YFV vaccine. Contrary to other viral vaccine platforms, use of YF17D does not suffer from pre-existing vector immunity. FUNDING Stated in the acknowledgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Bright Yakass
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA,West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sander Jansen
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bert Malengier-Devlies
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Immunity and Inflammation Research Group, Immunobiology Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Looveren
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA,KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lorena Sanchez-Felipe
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Vercruysse
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA,KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Birgit Weynand
- KU Leuven Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mahadesh Prasad Arkalagud Javarappa
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA,West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Patrick Matthys
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Immunity and Inflammation Research Group, Immunobiology Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- KU Leuven Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hendrik Jan Thibaut
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA,KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding author.
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22
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Douine M, Bonifay T, Lambert Y, Mutricy L, Galindo MS, Godin A, Bourhy P, Picardeau M, Saout M, Demar M, Sanna A, Mosnier E, Blaizot R, Couppié P, Nacher M, Adenis A, Suarez-Mutis M, Vreden S, Epelboin L, Schaub R. Zoonoses and gold mining: A cross-sectional study to assess yellow fever immunization, Q fever, leptospirosis and leishmaniasis among the population working on illegal mining camps in French Guiana. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010326. [PMID: 35969647 PMCID: PMC9410546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most emerging pathogens are zoonoses and have a wildlife origin. Anthropization and disruption of ecosystems favor the crossing of inter-species barriers. We hypothesize that the marginalized population of undocumented goldminers in the Amazon is at risk of acquiring zoonoses. Method A multicentric cross-sectional study included consenting gold-mining adult workers in 2019. A clinical examination recorded dermatological signs of leishmaniosis and past history of yellow fever vaccination. Biological tests were performed for yellow fever, Q fever and leptospirosis serologies. Additional blood samples from a previous study in 2015 were also tested for leptospirosis. Results In 2019, 380 individuals were included in the study, along with 407 samples from the 2015 biological collection. The seroprevalence of leptospirosis was 31.0% [95%CI = 26.4–35.5] in 2015 and 28.1% [23.5–32.7] in 2019. The seroprevalence of Q fever was 2.9% [1.2–4.6]. The majority of participants reported being vaccinated against yellow fever (93.6%) and 97.9% had seroneutralizing antibodies. The prevalence of suspected active mucocutaneous leishmaniasis was 2.4% [0.8–3.9]. Discussion These unique data shed new light on the transmission cycles of zoonoses still poorly understood in the region. They support the existence of a wild cycle of leptospirosis but not of Q fever. Leishmaniasis prevalence was high because of life conditions and tree felling. High yellow fever vaccine coverage was reassuring in this endemic area. In the era of global health, special attention must be paid to these vulnerable populations in direct contact with the tropical ecosystem and away from the health care system. Many pathogens are zoonotic in origin and human transmission can occur via vector, direct contact, inhalation, absorption, among other routes enabling human-reservoir interaction. In Amazonia, the cycle of these pathogens (the reservoir, the mode of transmission …) is not always well known. It is important to better understand these cycles in order to evaluate and anticipate the potential risk for human health, both on an individual and collective scale (risk of epidemic). In French Guiana, a French territory located in the Amazon, undocumented gold miners represent several thousand people mainly from Brazil who work in very remote areas in the middle of the rainforest. Documenting several zoonotic diseases among this population living in the middle of biodiversity is very valuable to better understand these cycles but also to assess the impact for their own health and to identify risks for public health. This article provides new data for four zoonoses: Q-fever, leptospirosis, leishmaniasis and yellow fever in this population and discusses the contributions to the understanding of cycles and public health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Douine
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
- TBIP, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Amazonie, Cayenne, French Guiana
- * E-mail:
| | - Timothée Bonifay
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Yann Lambert
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Louise Mutricy
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Muriel Suzanne Galindo
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Audrey Godin
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Pascale Bourhy
- National Reference Center for Leptospirosis, Biology of Spirochetes unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Picardeau
- National Reference Center for Leptospirosis, Biology of Spirochetes unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mona Saout
- TBIP, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- TBIP, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- University Laboratory of Mycology-Parasitology, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Alice Sanna
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Emilie Mosnier
- Delocalized Health Centers, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Romain Blaizot
- TBIP, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Pierre Couppié
- TBIP, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
- TBIP, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Amazonie, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Antoine Adenis
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
- TBIP, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Amazonie, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Martha Suarez-Mutis
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Institute Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephen Vreden
- Foundation for Scientific Research Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
- TBIP, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Roxane Schaub
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
- TBIP, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
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23
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Oyono MG, Kenmoe S, Abanda NN, Takuissu GR, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kenfack-Momo R, Kengne-Nde C, Mbaga DS, Tchatchouang S, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Lontuo Fogang R, Zeuko’o Menkem E, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Bowo-Ngandji A, Nkie Esemu S, Ndip L. Epidemiology of yellow fever virus in humans, arthropods, and non-human primates in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010610. [PMID: 35867659 PMCID: PMC9307179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) has re-emerged in the last two decades causing several outbreaks in endemic countries and spreading to new receptive regions. This changing epidemiology of YF creates new challenges for global public health efforts. Yellow fever is caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV) that circulates between humans, the mosquito vector, and non-human primates (NHP). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we review and analyse data on the case fatality rate (CFR) and prevalence of YFV in humans, and on the prevalence of YFV in arthropods, and NHP in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, African Journal Online, and African Index Medicus databases. We included studies reporting data on the CFR and/or prevalence of YFV. Extracted data was verified and analysed using the random effect meta-analysis. We conducted subgroup, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analyses using the random effect meta-analysis while I2 statistic was employed to determine heterogeneity. This review was registered with PROSPERO under the identification CRD42021242444. The final meta-analysis included 55 studies. The overall case fatality rate due to YFV was 31.1% (18.3–45.4) in humans and pooled prevalence of YFV infection was 9.4% (6.9–12.2) in humans. Only five studies in West and East Africa detected the YFV in mosquito species of the genus Aedes and in Anopheles funestus. In NHP, YFV antibodies were found only in members of the Cercopithecidae family. Our analysis provides evidence on the ongoing circulation of the YFV in humans, Aedes mosquitoes and NHP in SSA. These observations highlight the ongoing transmission of the YFV and its potential to cause large outbreaks in SSA. As such, strategies such as those proposed by the WHO’s Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics (EYE) initiative are urgently needed to control and prevent yellow fever outbreaks in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gael Oyono
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
| | - Ngu Njei Abanda
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Nde
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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Celone M, Pecor DB, Potter A, Richardson A, Dunford J, Pollett S. An ecological niche model to predict the geographic distribution of Haemagogus janthinomys, Dyar, 1921 a yellow fever and Mayaro virus vector, in South America. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010564. [PMID: 35802748 PMCID: PMC9299311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) has a long history of impacting human health in South America. Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arbovirus of public health concern in the Neotropics and its full impact is yet unknown. Both YFV and MAYV are primarily maintained via a sylvatic transmission cycle but can be opportunistically transmitted to humans by the bites of infected forest dwelling Haemagogus janthinomys Dyar, 1921. To better understand the potential risk of YFV and MAYV transmission to humans, a more detailed understanding of this vector species’ distribution is critical. This study compiled a comprehensive database of 177 unique Hg. janthinomys collection sites retrieved from the published literature, digitized museum specimens and publicly accessible mosquito surveillance data. Covariate analysis was performed to optimize a selection of environmental (topographic and bioclimatic) variables associated with predicting habitat suitability, and species distributions modelled across South America using a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) approach. Our results indicate that suitable habitat for Hg. janthinomys can be found across forested regions of South America including the Atlantic forests and interior Amazon. Mayaro virus is a neglected tropical disease and there is insufficient evidence to define its geographic range. The mosquito Haemagogus janthinomys is a primary vector of Mayaro and its distribution is largely unknown at a sub-country scale. Building compendiums of collection data and creating ecological niche models provides a more precise estimation of vector species potential habitat. Our dataset stands as one of the most expansive existing for collection data of this species combining data published in literature, publicly available data repositories and digitized museum specimen records. Comparing results of niche models with near real time environmental data can give even better predictions of areas where Mayaro virus exposure could occur. The methods and results of this study can be replicated for any disease/vector of interest so long as there is data discoverable through the scientific literature, public repositories, or other civilian and governmental agencies willing to share.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Celone
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Brooks Pecor
- Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Potter
- Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alec Richardson
- Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Dunford
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Simon Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Role of Th17 Cytokines in the Liver’s Immune Response during Fatal Yellow Fever: Triggering Cell Damage Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132053. [PMID: 35805137 PMCID: PMC9265354 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is an infectious and acute viral haemorrhagic disease that triggers a cascade of host immune responses. We investigated the Th17 cytokine profile in the liver tissue of patients with fatal YF. Liver tissue samples were collected from 26 deceased patients, including 21 YF-positive and 5 flavivirus-negative patients, with preserved hepatic parenchyma architecture, who died of other causes. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed on the liver samples to evaluate the Th17 profiles (ROR-γ, STAT3, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-17A, and IL-23). Substantial differences were found in the expression levels of these markers between the patients with fatal YF and controls. A predominant expression of Th17 cytokine markers was observed in the midzonal region of the YF cases, the most affected area in the liver acinus, compared with the controls. Histopathological changes in the hepatic parenchyma revealed cellular damage characterised mainly by the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrates, Councilman bodies (apoptotic cells), micro/macrovesicular steatosis, and lytic and coagulative necrosis. Hence, Th17 cytokines play a pivotal role in the immunopathogenesis of YF and contribute markedly to triggering cell damage in patients with fatal disease outcomes.
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Doyle MP, Genualdi JR, Bailey AL, Kose N, Gainza C, Rodriguez J, Reeder KM, Nelson CA, Jethva PN, Sutton RE, Bombardi RG, Gross ML, Julander JG, Fremont DH, Diamond MS, Crowe JE. Isolation of a Potently Neutralizing and Protective Human Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Yellow Fever Virus. mBio 2022; 13:e0051222. [PMID: 35420472 PMCID: PMC9239089 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00512-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) causes sporadic outbreaks of infection in South America and sub-Saharan Africa. While live-attenuated yellow fever virus vaccines based on three substrains of 17D are considered some of the most effective vaccines in use, problems with production and distribution have created large populations of unvaccinated, vulnerable individuals in areas of endemicity. To date, specific antiviral therapeutics have not been licensed for human use against YFV or any other related flavivirus. Recent advances in monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology have allowed the identification of numerous candidate therapeutics targeting highly pathogenic viruses, including many flaviviruses. Here, we sought to identify a highly neutralizing antibody targeting the YFV envelope (E) protein as a therapeutic candidate. We used human B cell hybridoma technology to isolate mAbs from circulating memory B cells from human YFV vaccine recipients. These antibodies bound to recombinant YFV E protein and recognized at least five major antigenic sites on E. Two mAbs (designated YFV-136 and YFV-121) recognized a shared antigenic site and neutralized the YFV-17D vaccine strain in vitro. YFV-136 also potently inhibited infection by multiple wild-type YFV strains, in part, at a postattachment step in the virus replication cycle. YFV-136 showed therapeutic protection in two animal models of YFV challenge, including hamsters and immunocompromised mice engrafted with human hepatocytes. These studies define features of the antigenic landscape of the YFV E protein recognized by the human B cell response and identify a therapeutic antibody candidate that inhibits infection and disease caused by highly virulent strains of YFV. IMPORTANCE Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a mosquito-borne virus that occasionally causes outbreaks of severe infection and disease in South America and sub-Saharan Africa. There are very effective live-attenuated (weakened) yellow fever virus vaccines, but recent problems with their production and distribution have left many people in affected areas vulnerable. Here, we sought to isolate an antibody targeting the surface of the virus for possible use in the future as a biologic drug to prevent or treat YFV infection. We isolated naturally occurring antibodies from individuals who had received a YFV vaccine. We created antibodies and tested them. We found that the antibody with the most powerful antiviral activity was a beneficial treatment in two different small-animal models of human infection. These studies identified features of the virus that are recognized by the human immune system and generated a therapeutic antibody candidate that inhibits infection caused by highly virulent strains of YFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph R. Genualdi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam L. Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher Gainza
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica Rodriguez
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristen M. Reeder
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher A. Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Prashant N. Jethva
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel E. Sutton
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robin G. Bombardi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Justin G. Julander
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Nemg FBS, Abanda NN, Yonga MG, Ouapi D, Samme IE, Djoumetio MD, Endegue-Zanga MC, Demanou M, Njouom R. Sustained circulation of yellow fever virus in Cameroon: an analysis of laboratory surveillance data, 2010-2020. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:418. [PMID: 35488234 PMCID: PMC9055699 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The re-emergence of yellow fever poses a serious public health risk to unimmunized communities in the tropical regions of Africa and South America and unvaccinated travelers visiting these regions. This risk is further accentuated by the likely spread of the virus to areas with potential for yellow fever transmission such as in Asia, Europe, and North America. To mitigate this risk, surveillance of yellow fever is pivotal. We performed an analysis of laboratory-based surveillance of yellow fever suspected cases in Cameroon during 2010-2020 to characterize the epidemiology of yellow fever cases and define health districts at high risk. METHOD We reviewed IgM capture ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) test results of all suspected yellow fever patients analyzed at Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, the national yellow fever testing laboratory, during 2010-2020. RESULTS Of the 20,261 yellow fever suspected patient's samples that were tested, yellow fever IgM antibodies were detected in 360 patients representing an annual average of 33 cases/year. A major increase in YF IgM positive cases was observed in 2015 and in 2016 followed by a decrease in cases to below pre-2015 levels. The majority of the 2015 cases occurred during the latter part of the year while those in 2016, occurred between February and May. This trend may be due to an increase in transmission that began in late 2015 and continued to early 2016 or due to two separate transmission events. In 2016, where the highest number of cases were detected, 60 health districts in the 10 regions of Cameroon were affected with the Littoral, Northwest and, Far North regions being the most affected. After 2016, the number of detected yellow fever IgM positive cases dropped. CONCLUSION Our study shows that yellow fever transmission continues to persist and seems to be occurring all over Cameroon with all 10 regions under surveillance reporting a case. Preventive measures such as mass vaccination campaigns and routine childhood immunizations are urgently needed to increase population immunity. The diagnostic limitations in our analysis highlight the need to strengthen laboratory capacity and improve case investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ngu Njei Abanda
- Virology Unit, Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, 451 Rue 2005, BP 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Martial Gide Yonga
- Virology Unit, Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, 451 Rue 2005, BP 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Diane Ouapi
- Virology Unit, Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, 451 Rue 2005, BP 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ivis Ewang Samme
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Maurice Demanou
- World Health Organization, Inter-Country Support Team West Africa, 03 BP 7019, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Unit, Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, 451 Rue 2005, BP 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Bassey BE, Braka F, Onyibe R, Kolude OO, Oluwadare M, Oluwabukola A, Omotunde O, Iyanda OA, Tella AA, Olanike OS. Changing epidemiology of yellow fever virus in Oyo State, Nigeria. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:467. [PMID: 35260123 PMCID: PMC8903872 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yellow Fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease endemic in tropical Africa and Latin America and is transmitted through infected mosquitoes. The earliest outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria was reported in Lagos in 1864 with subsequent regular outbreaks reported until 1996. A large epidemic of yellow fever occurred in Oyo State in April and May 1987 following an epidemic of sylvatic yellow fever in Eastern Nigeria the previous year. For 21 years, no further confirmed cases were reported until September 2017 following which Nigeria has been responding to successive outbreaks. The renewed onset of yellow fever outbreaks in Nigeria followed a global trend of reports and from other African countries. Yellow Fever disease has no cure, but control is through vaccination and vector control. Eliminating Yellow fever Epidemic (EYE) strategy to improve high-risk countries’ prevention, preparedness, detection, management, and response to yellow fever outbreaks was developed by the WHO in 2017 and launched in Nigeria in April 2018. Yet, poor vaccination coverage continues to be a cause for concern. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study that examines the resurgence of Yellow fever cases and outbreaks from 2013 to 2020 in Oyo State, Nigeria. The Yellow Fever data for both surveillance and routine Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) were the focus of the review. Surveillance data were retrieved from the State’s database reported by all 33 LGAs, maintained by the State and supported by the World Health Organization at the Zonal and State levels. The routine EPI data were retrieved from District Health Information Software (DHIS_2). The proportion of LGAs reporting at least one case of suspected yellow fever with a blood specimen and the number of suspected cases reported for each year within the period under review was measured. We also assessed the trend of confirmed cases and the incidence per 100,000 persons. Also, suspected cases of yellow fever were categorized into four age groups and their vaccination status was assessed. The State’s annual administrative routine vaccination coverage for yellow fever vaccine was compared with the number of confirmed cases for each year. Results The proportion of LGAs reporting at least a case of suspected yellow fever, with blood samples collected, ranged from 6.1 to 84.9% between 2014 and 2020 while a total of 9 confirmed (8 cases) and probable (1 case) cases of yellow fever were recorded. However, there were no confirmed cases from the year 2013 to 2016, including 2018 but an upward trend of incidence of the disease per 100,000 persons from 0% to 2013 through 2018, to 3.5% in 2019, and then to 5.6% in 2020 was observed. 93 of 240 (39%) suspected yellow fever cases reported during the given period were observed to have received yellow fever vaccine. Conclusions In conclusion, the increase in the circulation of the yellow fever virus in the state reiterates the state is at a high risk of yellow fever transmission and underlines the need for viable interventions such as environmental hygiene to rid the environment of the disease vector’s ecological niche and improving routine EPI coverage to provide population immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassey Enya Bassey
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Fiona Braka
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Rosemary Onyibe
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilola Olawumi Kolude
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Marcus Oluwadare
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Alawale Oluwabukola
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ogunlaja Omotunde
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatobi Adeoluwa Iyanda
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Adedamola Ayodeji Tella
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olayiwola Suliat Olanike
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
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Servadio JL, Muñoz-Zanzi C, Convertino M. Environmental determinants predicting population vulnerability to high yellow fever incidence. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220086. [PMID: 35316947 PMCID: PMC8889195 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is an endemic mosquito-borne disease in Brazil, though many locations have not observed cases in recent decades. Some locations with low disease burden may resemble locations with higher disease burden through environmental and ecohydrological characteristics, which are known to impact YF burden, motivating increased or continued prevention measures such as vaccination, mosquito control or surveillance. This study aimed to use environmental characteristics to estimate vulnerability to observing high YF burden among all Brazilian municipalities. Vulnerability was defined in three categories based on yearly incidence between 2000 and 2017: minimal, low and high vulnerability. A cumulative logit model was fit to these categories using environmental and ecohydrological predictors, selecting those that provided the most accurate model fit. Per cent of days with precipitation, mean temperature, biome, population density, elevation, vegetation and nearby disease occurrence were included in best-fitting models. Model results were applied to estimate vulnerability nationwide. Municipalities with highest probability of observing high vulnerability was found in the North and Central-West (2000-2016) as well as the Southeast (2017) regions. Results of this study serve to identify specific locations to prioritize new or ongoing surveillance and prevention of YF based on underlying ecohydrological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Servadio
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Claudia Muñoz-Zanzi
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matteo Convertino
- Future Ecosystems Lab, Tsinghua SIGS, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Yellow Fever: Origin, Epidemiology, Preventive Strategies and Future Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030372. [PMID: 35335004 PMCID: PMC8955180 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) virus still represents a major threat in low resource countries in both South America and Africa despite the presence of an effective vaccine. YF outbreaks are not only due to insufficient vaccine coverage for insufficient vaccine supply, but also to the increase in people without history of vaccination living in endemic areas. Globalization, continuous population growth, urbanization associated with inadequate public health infrastructure, and climate changes constitute important promoting factors for the spread of this virus to tropical and subtropical areas in mosquito-infested regions capable of spreading the disease. In the present review, we focus on the origin of the virus and its transmission, representing two debated topics throughout the nineteenth century, going deeply into the history of YF vaccines until the development of the vaccine still used nowadays. Besides surveillance, we highlight the urgent need of routine immunization and vaccination campaigns associated to diverse and innovative mosquito control technologies in endemic areas for YF virus in order to minimize the risk of new YF outbreaks and the global burden of YF in the future.
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Gabiane G, Yen P, Failloux A. Aedes mosquitoes in the emerging threat of urban yellow fever transmission. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2333. [PMID: 35124859 PMCID: PMC9541788 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This last decade has seen a resurgence of yellow fever (YF) in historical endemic regions and repeated attempts of YF introduction in YF‐free countries such as the Asia‐Pacific region and the Caribbean. Infected travellers are the main entry routes in these regions where competent mosquito vectors proliferate in appropriate environmental conditions. With the discovery of the 17D vaccine, it was thought that YF would be eradicated. Unfortunately, it was not the case and, contrary to dengue, chikungunya and Zika, factors that cotribute to YF transmission remain under investigation. Today, all the signals are red and it is very likely that YF will be the next pandemic in the YF‐free regions where millions of people are immunologically naïve. Unlike COVID‐19, YF is associated with a high case‐fatality rate and a high number of deaths are expected. This review gives an overview of global YF situation, including the non‐endemic Asia‐Pacific region and the Caribbean where Aedes aegypti is abundantly distributed, and also proposes different hypotheses on why YF outbreaks have not yet occurred despite high records of travellers importing YF into these regions and what role Aedes mosquitoes play in the emergence of urban YF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Gabiane
- Institut Pasteur Université de Paris, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Paris France
- Université des Antilles, Campus de Schoelcher Schoelcher Martinique
| | - Pei‐Shi Yen
- Institut Pasteur Université de Paris, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Paris France
| | - Anna‐Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur Université de Paris, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Paris France
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Rosser JI, Nielsen-Saines K, Saad E, Fuller T. Reemergence of yellow fever virus in southeastern Brazil, 2017-2018: What sparked the spread? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010133. [PMID: 35130278 PMCID: PMC8853510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 2017–2018 yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak in southeastern Brazil marked a reemergence of YFV in urban states that had been YFV-free for nearly a century. Unlike earlier urban YFV transmission, this epidemic was driven by forest mosquitoes. The objective of this study was to evaluate environmental drivers of this outbreak. Methodology/Principal findings Using surveillance data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health on human and non-human primate (NHP) cases of YFV, we traced the spatiotemporal progression of the outbreak. We then assessed the epidemic timing in relation to drought using a monthly Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and evaluated demographic risk factors for rural or outdoor exposure amongst YFV cases. Finally, we developed a mechanistic framework to map the relationship between drought and YFV. Both human and NHP cases were first identified in a hot, dry, rural area in northern Minas Gerais before spreading southeast into the more cool, wet urban states. Outbreaks coincided with drought in all four southeastern states of Brazil and an extreme drought in Minas Gerais. Confirmed YFV cases had an increased odds of being male (OR 2.6; 95% CI 2.2–3.0), working age (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5–2.1), and reporting any recent travel (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 2.3–3.3). Based on this data as well as mosquito and non-human primate biology, we created the “Mono-DrY” mechanistic framework showing how an unusual drought in this region could have amplified YFV transmission at the rural-urban interface and sparked the spread of this epidemic. Conclusions/Significance The 2017–2018 YFV epidemic in Brazil originated in hot, dry rural areas of Minas Gerais before expanding south into urban centers. An unusually severe drought in this region may have created environmental pressures that sparked the reemergence of YFV in Brazil’s southeastern cities. In 2017–2018, cities in southeastern Brazil experienced an unusual outbreak of yellow fever virus. In the early 20th century, these cities had large outbreaks of yellow fever, spread by Aedes mosquitoes. But until this recent outbreak, they had been free of yellow fever for nearly a century. While this outbreak was spread by Haemagogus forest mosquitoes, the reemergence of yellow fever in densely populated urban areas raises serious concerns about it reestablishing ongoing transmission in cities, spread by urban Aedes mosquitoes. Our study sought to understand how and why yellow fever virus remerged in this area. We traced the outbreak, finding that it started in hot, dry, rural areas and spread south into cool, wet urban areas. The epidemic coincided with a severe drought, particularly in Minas Gerais where the epidemic started. Individuals with outdoor or rural risk factors were at highest risk, especially when the epidemic started. Therefore, this severe drought may have promoted the spread of yellow fever at rural-urban boundaries. To further explore this idea, we developed a unique framework based on forest mosquito and Howler monkey biology. Our framework, “Mono-DrY,” shows how severe drought could have increased mosquito and monkey densities, promoting the spread of yellow fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle I. Rosser
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Saad
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Trevon Fuller
- University of California, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Handari BD, Aldila D, Dewi BO, Rosuliyana H, Khosnaw SHA. Analysis of yellow fever prevention strategy from the perspective of mathematical model and cost-effectiveness analysis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:1786-1824. [PMID: 35135229 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new mathematical model for yellow fever under three types of intervention strategies: vaccination, hospitalization, and fumigation. Additionally, the side effects of the yellow fever vaccine were also considered in our model. To analyze the best intervention strategies, we constructed our model as an optimal control model. The stability of the equilibrium points and basic reproduction number of the model are presented. Our model indicates that when yellow fever becomes endemic or disappears from the population, it depends on the value of the basic reproduction number, whether it larger or smaller than one. Using the Pontryagin maximum principle, we characterized our optimal control problem. From numerical experiments, we show that the optimal levels of each control must be justified, depending on the strategies chosen to optimally control the spread of yellow fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevina D Handari
- Department of Mathematics, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Dipo Aldila
- Department of Mathematics, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Bunga O Dewi
- Department of Mathematics, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Rosuliyana
- Department of Mathematics, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Sarbaz H A Khosnaw
- Department of Mathematics, University of Raparin, Ranya 46012, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
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Reis LR, Costa-Rocha IAD, Campi-Azevedo AC, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Coelho-Dos-Reis JG, Costa-Pereira C, Otta DA, Freire LC, Lima SMBD, Azevedo ADS, Schwarcz WD, Ano Bom APD, Silva AMVD, Souza AFD, Castro TDMD, Ferroco CLDV, Filippis AMBD, Nogueira FDB, Homma A, Domingues CM, Sousa ESS, Camacho LAB, Maia MDLDS, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA. Exploratory study of humoral and cellular immunity to 17DD Yellow Fever vaccination in children and adults residents of areas without circulation of Yellow Fever Virus. Vaccine 2021; 40:798-810. [PMID: 34969545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation comprised two independent observational arms to evaluate the influence of pre-existing flavivirus humoral immunity and the age-impact on 17DD-YF vaccination immunity. Flavivirus (YFV; DENV; ZIKV) serology and YF-specific cellular immunity was evaluated in 288 children/9Mths-4Yrs and 288 adults/18-49Yrs residents of areas without YFV circulation. Data demonstrated that flavivirus seropositivity at baseline was higher in Adults as compared to Children (26%;87%;67% vs 6%;13%;15%, respectively). The heterologous flavivirus seropositivity (DENV; ZIKV) did not impact the YF-specific cellular immune response at baseline. However, higher levels of NCD4, EMCD8, IFN-MCD8, NCD19 and nCMCD19 were observed in subjects with pre-existing YFV seropositivity. Primary vaccination of YFV-seronegative volunteers led to higher levels of YF-neutralizing antibodies in Adults as compared to Younger Children (9Mths-2Yrs). Although similar seropositivity rates observed amongst Children and Adults at D30-45, lower rates were observed in Younger Children (9Mths-2Yrs) at D365 (94%;95%;100% vs 87%;96%;99%, respectively). A progressive decline in antibody levels were reported at D365, being more expressive in Children as compared to Adults. All age-subgroups exhibited at D30-45 increased levels of eEfCD4, EMCD4, IFN-MCD8 and nCMCD19 together with a decrease of eEfCD8 and CMCD8. While an increase of EMCD8 were observed in all subgroups at D30-45, a declined duration at D365 was reported only in Younger Children (9Mths-2Yrs). Biomarker signatures further support that only Younger Children (9Mths-2Yrs) presented a progressive decline of EMCD8 at D365. Together, these findings demonstrated that regardless the similarities observed in YF-neutralizing antibodies, the age impacts the duration of cellular immune response to primary 17DD-YF vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laise Rodrigues Reis
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores - Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ismael Artur da Costa-Rocha
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores - Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Campi-Azevedo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores - Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores - Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jordana Grazziela Coelho-Dos-Reis
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores - Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Christiane Costa-Pereira
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores - Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dayane Andriotti Otta
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores - Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Larissa Chaves Freire
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores - Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica - Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Souza Azevedo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica - Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Waleska Dias Schwarcz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica - Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica - Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea Marques Vieira da Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica - Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Fonseca de Souza
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica - Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thalita da Matta de Castro
- Assessoria Clínica - Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Akira Homma
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica - Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores - Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores - Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Dkhar SA, Quansar R, Haq I, Khan SMS. Vaccine usage and wastage in a designated Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre in North India. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:240-244. [PMID: 34703806 PMCID: PMC8511585 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.3.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever transmitted through the bite of mosquitoes. World Health Organization guidelines advocate a single dose of vaccine for life-long protective immunity against yellow fever. Yellow fever vaccine is included in routine childhood immunization schedules in countries at medium or high risk of yellow fever. For some travelers, visiting endemic countries, yellow fever vaccination is recommended to protect the travelers. We calculated the yellow fever vaccine wastage rate at a designated center in North India. Materials and Methods This is a record-based study. The data for the study was obtained from the immunization center of Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. The particulars for every vaccine recipient were present in the register. The vaccine wastage rate was calculated. The analysis was done in IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and results were presented as numbers and frequencies. Results A total of 136 doses were issued out of which 111 doses were administered from November 2017 till October 2020. The maximum number of travelers was young adults (26.1%). In 83.7% of cases, the area of the visit was Africa. The vaccine wastage rate was 18.4%. Conclusion The vaccine wastage rate was not very high and was within that recommended for vaccines in routine immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabira Aalia Dkhar
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - Ruqia Quansar
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - Inaamul Haq
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India
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Nwaiwu AU, Musekiwa A, Tamuzi JL, Sambala EZ, Nyasulu PS. The incidence and mortality of yellow fever in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1089. [PMID: 34688249 PMCID: PMC8536483 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the occurrence of yellow fever epidemics is critical for targeted interventions and control efforts to reduce the burden of disease. We assessed data on the yellow fever incidence and mortality rates in Africa. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Africa-wide and Web of science databases from 1 January 1975 to 30th October 2020. Two authors extracted data from included studies independently and conducted a meta-analysis. RESULTS Of 840 studies identified, 12 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. The incidence of yellow fever per 100,000 population ranged from < 1 case in Nigeria, < 3 cases in Uganda, 13 cases in Democratic Republic of the Congo, 27 cases in Kenya, 40 cases in Ethiopia, 46 cases in Gambia, 1267 cases in Senegal, and 10,350 cases in Ghana. Case fatality rate associated with yellow fever outbreaks ranged from 10% in Ghana to 86% in Nigeria. The mortality rate ranged from 0.1/100,000 in Nigeria to 2200/100,000 in Ghana. CONCLUSION The yellow fever incidence rate is quite constant; in contrast, the fatality rates vary widely across African countries over the study period. Standardized demographic health surveys and surveillance as well as accurate diagnostic measures are essential for early recognition, treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akuoma U Nwaiwu
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alfred Musekiwa
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Health Systems & Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jacques L Tamuzi
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evanson Z Sambala
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Peter S Nyasulu
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Perkins TA, Huber JH, Tran QM, Oidtman RJ, Walters MK, Siraj AS, Moore SM. Burden is in the eye of the beholder: Sensitivity of yellow fever disease burden estimates to modeling assumptions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg5033. [PMID: 34644110 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of disease burden are important for setting public health priorities. These estimates involve numerous modeling assumptions, whose uncertainties are not always well described. We developed a framework for estimating the burden of yellow fever in Africa and evaluated its sensitivity to modeling assumptions that are often overlooked. We found that alternative interpretations of serological data resulted in a nearly 20-fold difference in burden estimates (range of central estimates, 8.4 × 104 to 1.5 × 106 deaths in 2021–2030). Uncertainty about the vaccination status of serological study participants was the primary driver of this uncertainty. Even so, statistical uncertainty was even greater than uncertainty due to modeling assumptions, accounting for a total of 87% of variance in burden estimates. Combined with estimates that most infections go unreported (range of 95% credible intervals, 99.65 to 99.99%), our results suggest that yellow fever’s burden will remain highly uncertain without major improvements in surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - John H Huber
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Quan M Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Rachel J Oidtman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Magdalene K Walters
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Amir S Siraj
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sean M Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Nomhwange T, Jean Baptiste AE, Ezebilo O, Oteri J, Olajide L, Emelife K, Hassan S, Nomhwange ER, Adejoh K, Ireye F, Nora EE, Ningi A, Bathondeli B, Tomori O. The resurgence of yellow fever outbreaks in Nigeria: a 2-year review 2017-2019. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1054. [PMID: 34635069 PMCID: PMC8504075 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yellow fever outbreaks are documented to have a considerable impact not only on the individuals but on the health system with significant economic implications. Efforts to eliminate yellow fever outbreaks globally through the EYE strategy remains important following outbreaks in Africa, Nigeria included. The outbreaks reported in Nigeria, since 2017 and the response efforts provide an opportunity to document and guide interventions for improving future outbreaks in Nigeria and other countries in Africa. Methods We reviewed the available yellow fever surveillance and vaccination response data between September 2017 and September 2019 across the 36 states across Nigeria. We described the epidemiology of the difference outbreaks and the periods for all interventions. We also documented the emergency vaccination responses as well as preventive mass vaccinations implemented towards improving population immunity and limiting epidemic potentials in Nigeria. Results A total of 7894 suspected cases with 287 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported in Nigeria between September 2017 and September 2019 with a mean age of 19 years and a case fatality of 2.7% amongst all reported cases. Outbreaks were confirmed in 55 LGAs with most of the outbreaks across four major epicentres in Kwara/Kogi, Edo, Ebonyi and Bauchi states. In response to these outbreaks, eight reactive vaccination campaigns, supported through ICG applications, were implemented. The duration for responding to the outbreaks ranged from 15 to 132 days (average 68 days) and a total of 45,648,243 persons aged < 45 years vaccinated through reactive and preventive mass campaigns between September 2017 and September 2019. Conclusions Nigeria experienced intermediate outbreaks of yellow fever between September 2017 and 2019 with vaccination responses conducted to control these outbreaks. However, there are delays in the timeliness of responses and more efforts required in improving reporting, response times and preparedness to further prevent morbidity and mortality from the yellow fever disease outbreaks. These efforts, including improving routine yellow fever coverage, contribute towards improving population immunity and other activities related to achieving the goals of the EYE strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Obi Ezebilo
- United Nations Children's Fund, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Oteri
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Lois Olajide
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Kizito Emelife
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Shehu Hassan
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Faith Ireye
- World Health Organization-Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Eyo E Nora
- World Health Organization-Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Ningi
- World Health Organization-Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Blaise Bathondeli
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Oyewale Tomori
- Independent Consultant and Professor of Virology, Abuja, Nigeria
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Berthet M, Mesbahi G, Duvot G, Zuberbühler K, Cäsar C, Bicca-Marques JC. Dramatic decline in a titi monkey population after the 2016-2018 sylvatic yellow fever outbreak in Brazil. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23335. [PMID: 34609763 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Platyrrhini are highly vulnerable to the yellow fever (YF) virus. From 2016 to 2018, the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil faced its worst sylvatic YF outbreak in about a century, thought to have killed thousands of primates. It is essential to assess the impact of this epidemic on threatened primate assemblages to design effective conservation strategies. In this study, we assessed the impact of the 2016-2018 YF outbreak on a geographically isolated population of Near Threatened black-fronted titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons) in two Atlantic Forest patches of the Santuário do Caraça, MG, Brazil. Extensive preoutbreak monitoring, conducted between 2008 and 2016, revealed that the home range and group sizes of the population remained stable. In 2016, the population size was estimated at 53-57 individuals in 11-12 groups. We conducted monitoring and playback surveys in 2019 and found that the population had decreased by 68% in one forest patch and completely vanished in the other, resulting in a combined decline of 80%. We discuss this severe loss of a previously stable population and conclude that it was highly likely caused by the YF outbreak. The remaining population is at risk of disappearing completely because of its small size and geographic isolation. A systematic population surveys of C. nigrifrons, along other sensible Platyrrhini species, is needed to re-evaluate their current conservation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Berthet
- Département d'études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Mesbahi
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LAE, Nancy, France.,Parc Naturel Régional des Vosges du Nord, La Petite Pierre, France
| | - Guilhem Duvot
- Département d'études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Klaus Zuberbühler
- School of Psychology & Neurosciences, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK.,Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Júlio Cèsar Bicca-Marques
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Primatologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Clarke-Deelder E, Suharlim C, Chatterjee S, Brenzel L, Ray A, Cohen JL, McConnell M, Resch SC, Menzies NA. Impact of campaign-style delivery of routine vaccines: a quasi-experimental evaluation using routine health services data in India. Health Policy Plan 2021; 36:454-463. [PMID: 33734362 PMCID: PMC8128004 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is not on track to achieve the goals for immunization coverage and equity described by the World Health Organization's Global Vaccine Action Plan. Many countries struggle to increase coverage of routine vaccination, and there is little evidence about how to do so effectively. In India in 2016, only 62% of children had received a full course of basic vaccines. In response, in 2017-18 the government implemented Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI), a nationwide effort to improve coverage and equity using a campaign-style strategy. Campaign-style approaches to routine vaccine delivery like IMI, sometimes called 'periodic intensification of routine immunization' (PIRI), are widely used, but there is little robust evidence on their effectiveness. We conducted a quasi-experimental evaluation of IMI using routine data on vaccine doses delivered, comparing districts participating and not participating in IMI. Our sample included all districts that could be merged with India's 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys data and had available data for the full study period. We used controlled interrupted time-series analysis to estimate the impact of IMI during the 4-month implementation period and in subsequent months. This method assumes that, if IMI had not occurred, vaccination trends would have changed in the same way in the participating and not participating districts. We found that, during implementation, IMI increased delivery of 13 infant vaccines, with a median effect of 10.6% (95% confidence interval 5.1% to 16.5%). We did not find evidence of a sustained effect during the 8 months after implementation ended. Over the 12 months from the beginning of implementation, we estimated reductions in the number of under-immunized children that were large but not statistically significant, ranging from 3.9% (-6.9% to 13.7%) to 35.7% (-7.5% to 77.4%) for different vaccines. The largest effects were for the first doses of vaccines against diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and polio: IMI reached approximately one-third of children who would otherwise not have received these vaccines. This suggests that PIRI can be successful in increasing routine immunization coverage, particularly for early infant vaccines, but other approaches may be needed for sustained coverage improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Clarke-Deelder
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Christian Suharlim
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 718 Huntington Avenue, Boston MA 02115, USA.,Management Sciences for Health, 200 Rivers Edge Dr, Medford MA 02155, USA
| | - Susmita Chatterjee
- Research Department, George Institute for Global Health, 308-309 Elegance Tower, Plot No. 8, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi -110025, India.,Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, 18 High Street, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Logan Brenzel
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 500 5th Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Arindam Ray
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Capital Court, The 5th Floor, Olof Palme Marg, Munirka, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jessica L Cohen
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Margaret McConnell
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Stephen C Resch
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 718 Huntington Avenue, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicolas A Menzies
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 718 Huntington Avenue, Boston MA 02115, USA
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Neves YCS, de Castro-Lima VAC, Solla DJF, Ogata VSDM, Pereira FL, Araujo JM, Nastri ACS, Ho YL, Chammas MC. Staging liver fibrosis after severe yellow fever with ultrasound elastography in Brazil: A six-month follow-up study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009594. [PMID: 34283826 PMCID: PMC8323872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow fever (YF) is a hemorrhagic disease caused by an arbovirus endemic in South America, with recent outbreaks in the last years. Severe cases exhibit fulminant hepatitis, but there are no studies regarding its late-term effects on liver parenchyma. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency and grade of liver fibrosis in patients who recovered from severe YF and to point out potential predictors of this outcome. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We followed-up 18 patients who survived severe YF during a recent outbreak (January-April 2018) in Brazil using ultrasound (US) with shear-wave elastography (SWE) at 6 months after symptoms onset. No patient had previous history of liver disease. Median liver stiffness (LS) was 5.3 (4.6-6.4) kPa. 2 (11.1%) patients were classified as Metavir F2, 1 (8.3%) as F3 and 1 (8.3%) as F4; these two last patients had features of cardiogenic liver congestion on Doppler analysis. Age and cardiac failure were associated with increased LS (p = 0.036 and p = 0.024, respectively). SAPS-3 at ICU admission showed a tendency of association with significant fibrosis (≥ F2; p = 0.053). 7 patients used sofosbuvir in a research protocol, of which none showed liver fibrosis (p = 0.119). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We found a low frequency of liver fibrosis in severe YF survivors. US with SWE may have a role in the follow up of patients of age and / or with comorbidities after hospital discharge in severe YF, a rare but reemergent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Costa Sarno Neves
- Radiology Institute, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Davi Jorge Fontoura Solla
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Simone de Medeiros Ogata
- Radiology Institute, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Linhares Pereira
- Radiology Institute, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jordana Machado Araujo
- Department and Division of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Catharina Seixas Nastri
- Department and Division of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yeh-Li Ho
- Department and Division of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Chammas
- Radiology Institute, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Seroprevalence of arboviruses in Ecuador: Implications for improved surveillance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:247-259. [PMID: 34214266 PMCID: PMC8382292 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) cause morbidity and mortality in humans and domestic animals worldwide. The percentage of population immunity or susceptibility to these viruses in Ecuador is unknown. Objectives: To investigate the proportion of Ecuadorian populations with IgG antibodies (Abs) (past exposure/immunity) and IgM Abs (current exposure) against flaviviruses and alphaviruses and to study the activity of these viruses in Ecuador. Materials and methods: During 2009-2011, we conducted a serosurvey for selected arboviruses in humans (n=1,842), equines (n=149), and sentinel hamsters (n=84) at two coastal locations and one in the Amazon basin (Eastern Ecuador) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination inhibition test. Results: From 20.63% to 63.61% of humans showed IgG-antibodies for the flaviviruses: Dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV) Saint Louis encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus (WNV); from 4.67% to 8.63% showed IgG-Abs for the alphaviruses: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, and western equine encephalitis virus. IgM-Abs were found for DENV and WNV. Equines and hamsters showed antibodies to alphaviruses in all locations; two hamsters seroconverted to YFV in the Amazonia. Conclusions: The results show a YFV vaccination history and suggest the activity of arboviruses not included in the current surveillance scheme. Enhanced arbovirus and mosquito surveillance, as well as continued YFV vaccination and evaluation of its coverage/ effectiveness, are recommended.
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Mokaya J, Kimathi D, Lambe T, Warimwe GM. What Constitutes Protective Immunity Following Yellow Fever Vaccination? Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060671. [PMID: 34207358 PMCID: PMC8235545 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) remains a threat to global health, with an increasing number of major outbreaks in the tropical areas of the world over the recent past. In light of this, the Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics Strategy was established with the aim of protecting one billion people at risk of YF through vaccination by the year 2026. The current YF vaccine gives excellent protection, but its use is limited by shortages in supply due to the difficulties in producing the vaccine. There are good grounds for believing that alternative fractional dosing regimens can produce strong protection and overcome the problem of supply shortages as less vaccine is required per person. However, immune responses to these vaccination approaches are yet to be fully understood. In addition, published data on immune responses following YF vaccination have mostly quantified neutralising antibody titers. However, vaccine-induced antibodies can confer immunity through other antibody effector functions beyond neutralisation, and an effective vaccine is also likely to induce strong and persistent memory T cell responses. This review highlights the gaps in knowledge in the characterisation of YF vaccine-induced protective immunity in the absence or presence of neutralising antibodies. The assessment of biophysical antibody characteristics and cell-mediated immunity following YF vaccination could help provide a comprehensive landscape of YF vaccine-induced immunity and a better understanding of correlates of protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolynne Mokaya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SU, UK; (D.K.); (G.M.W.)
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi 8010, Kenya
- Correspondence:
| | - Derick Kimathi
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SU, UK; (D.K.); (G.M.W.)
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi 8010, Kenya
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - George M. Warimwe
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SU, UK; (D.K.); (G.M.W.)
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi 8010, Kenya
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Bhattacharya M, Agoramoorthy G, Lee SS. Asian-Origin Approved COVID-19 Vaccines and Current Status of COVID-19 Vaccination Program in Asia: A Critical Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060600. [PMID: 34199995 PMCID: PMC8226479 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination has started throughout the globe. The vaccination program has also begun in most Asian countries. This paper analyzed the Asian-origin COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination program status in Asia till March 2021 under three sections. In the first section, we mapped the approved vaccines that originated from Asia, their technological platforms, collaborations during vaccine development, and regulatory approval from other countries. We found that a total of eight Asian COVID-19 vaccines originated and got approval from three countries: China, India, and Russia. In the second section, we critically evaluated the recent progress of COVID-19 vaccination programs. We analyzed the overall vaccination status across the Asian region. We also calculated the cumulative COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in different Asian countries, vaccine rolling in 7-day average in various Asian countries, and COVID-19 vaccine per day doses administrated in several Asian countries. We found that China and India vaccinated the maximum number of people. Finally, we evaluated the factors affecting the COVID-19 vaccination program in Asia, such as vaccine hesitancy, basic reproduction numbers (R0) and vaccination campaigns, and the cost of the vaccines. Our analysis will assist the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination program successfully in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Rd, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.-S.L.); Tel.: +91-9871608125 (C.C.); Fax: +82-33-252-9875 (S.-S.L.)
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India;
| | | | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.-S.L.); Tel.: +91-9871608125 (C.C.); Fax: +82-33-252-9875 (S.-S.L.)
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Bakoa F, Préhaud C, Beauclair G, Chazal M, Mantel N, Lafon M, Jouvenet N. Genomic diversity contributes to the neuroinvasiveness of the Yellow fever French neurotropic vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:64. [PMID: 33903598 PMCID: PMC8076279 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass vaccination with the live attenuated vaccine YF-17D is the current way to prevent infection with Yellow fever virus (YFV). However, 0.000012-0.00002% of vaccinated patients develop post-vaccination neurological syndrome (YEL-AND). Understanding the factors responsible for neuroinvasion, neurotropism, and neurovirulence of the vaccine is critical for improving its biosafety. The YF-FNV vaccine strain, known to be associated with a higher frequency of YEL-AND (0.3-0.4%) than YF-17D, is an excellent model to study vaccine neuroinvasiveness. We determined that neuroinvasiveness of YF-FNV occured both via infection and passage through human brain endothelial cells. Plaque purification and next generation sequencing (NGS) identified several neuroinvasive variants. Their neuroinvasiveness was not higher than that of YF-FNV. However, rebuilding the YF-FNV population diversity from a set of isolated YF-FNV-N variants restored the original neuroinvasive phenotype of YF-FNV. Therefore, we conclude that viral population diversity is a critical factor for YFV vaccine neuroinvasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bakoa
- Unité de Neuroimmunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Research and External Innovation Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy L'Etoile, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
- Unité de Signalisation Antivirale, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Unité de Signalisation Antivirale, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR9198, Équipe Autophagie et Immunité Antivirale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Maxime Chazal
- Unité de Signalisation Antivirale, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mantel
- Research and External Innovation Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Monique Lafon
- Unité de Neuroimmunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Unité de Signalisation Antivirale, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Sadeghieh T, Sargeant JM, Greer AL, Berke O, Dueymes G, Gachon P, Ogden NH, Ng V. Yellow fever virus outbreak in Brazil under current and future climate. Infect Dis Model 2021; 6:664-677. [PMID: 33997536 PMCID: PMC8090996 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Yellow fever (YF) is primarily transmitted by Haemagogus species of mosquitoes. Under climate change, mosquitoes and the pathogens that they carry are expected to develop faster, potentially impacting the case count and duration of YF outbreaks. The aim of this study was to determine how YF virus outbreaks in Brazil may change under future climate, using ensemble simulations from regional climate models under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios for three time periods: 2011–2040 (short-term), 2041–2070 (mid-term), and 2071–2100 (long-term). Methods A compartmental model was developed to fit the 2017/18 YF outbreak data in Brazil using least squares optimization. To explore the impact of climate change, temperature-sensitive mosquito parameters were set to change over projected time periods using polynomial equations fitted to their relationship with temperature according to the average temperature for years 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100 for climate change scenarios using RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, where RCP4.5/RCP8.5 corresponds to intermediate/high radiative forcing values and to moderate/higher warming trends. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine how the temperature-sensitive parameters impacted model results, and to determine how vaccination could play a role in reducing YF in Brazil. Results Yellow fever case projections for Brazil from the models varied when climate change scenarios were applied, including the peak clinical case incidence, cumulative clinical case incidence, time to peak incidence, and the outbreak duration. Overall, a decrease in YF cases and outbreak duration was observed. Comparing the observed incidence in 2017/18 to the projected incidence in 2070–2100, for RCP4.5, the cumulative case incidence decreased from 184 to 161, and the outbreak duration decreased from 21 to 20 weeks. For RCP8.5, the peak case incidence decreased from 184 to 147, and the outbreak duration decreased from 21 to 17 weeks. The observed decrease was primarily due to temperature increasing beyond that suitable for Haemagogus mosquito survival. Conclusions Climate change is anticipated to have an impact on mosquito-borne diseases. We found outbreaks of YF may reduce in intensity as temperatures increase in Brazil; however, temperature is not the only factor involved with disease transmission. Other factors must be explored to determine the attributable impact of climate change on mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sadeghieh
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Jan M Sargeant
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy L Greer
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olaf Berke
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Dueymes
- ESCER (Étude et Simulation du Climat à l'Échelle Régionale) Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Gachon
- ESCER (Étude et Simulation du Climat à l'Échelle Régionale) Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicholas H Ogden
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Victoria Ng
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Ndeffo-Mbah ML, Pandey A. Global Risk and Elimination of Yellow Fever Epidemics. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:2026-2034. [PMID: 31545372 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow fever (YF) is a vector-borne viral hemorrhagic disease endemic in Africa and Latin America. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Eliminate YF Epidemics strategy aiming at eliminating YF epidemics by 2026. METHODS We developed a spatiotemporal model of YF, accounting for the impact of temperature, vector distribution, and socioeconomic factors on disease transmission. We validated our model against previous estimates of YF basic reproductive number (R0). We used the model to estimate global risk of YF outbreaks and vaccination efforts needed to achieve elimination of YF epidemics. RESULTS We showed that the global risk of YF outbreaks is highly heterogeneous. High-risk transmission areas (R0 > 6) are mainly found in West Africa and the Equatorial region of Latin America. We showed that vaccination coverage needed to eliminate YF epidemics in an endemic country varies substantially between districts. In many endemic countries, a 90% vaccination coverage is needed to achieve elimination. However, in some high-risk districts in Africa, a 95% coverage may be required. CONCLUSIONS Global elimination of YF epidemics requires higher population-level immunity than the 80% coverage recommended by the WHO. Optimal YF vaccination strategy should be tailored to the risk profile of each endemic country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial L Ndeffo-Mbah
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Abhishek Pandey
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Consumptive coagulopathy of severe yellow fever occurs independently of hepatocellular tropism and massive hepatic injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32648-32656. [PMID: 33268494 PMCID: PMC7768776 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014096117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatal cases of yellow fever are preceded by the development of hemorrhagic complications. While yellow fever virus is known to infect hepatocytes, the relationship between hepatocyte infection and the development of hemorrhage is currently undefined. Here, we identified high concentrations of D-dimer in the blood of yellow fever patients, indicative of a process that involves the activation and consumption of clotting factors. We then developed a mouse model in which only transplanted human hepatocytes could be infected at high levels. By examining clotting parameters in this model, we determined that hepatocyte infection alone is insufficient to cause the activation and consumption of coagulation factors observed in severe cases of yellow fever in humans and nonhuman primates. Yellow fever (YF) is a mosquito-transmitted viral disease that causes tens of thousands of deaths each year despite the long-standing deployment of an effective vaccine. In its most severe form, YF manifests as a hemorrhagic fever that causes severe damage to visceral organs. Although coagulopathy is a defining feature of severe YF in humans, the mechanism by which it develops remains uncertain. Hepatocytes are a major target of yellow fever virus (YFV) infection, and the coagulopathy in severe YF has long been attributed to massive hepatocyte infection and destruction that results in a defect in clotting factor synthesis. However, when we analyzed blood from Brazilian patients with severe YF, we found high concentrations of plasma D-dimer, a fibrin split product, suggestive of a concurrent consumptive process. To define the relationship between coagulopathy and hepatocellular tropism, we compared infection and disease in Fah−/−, Rag2−/−, and Il2rɣ−/− mice engrafted with human hepatocytes (hFRG mice) and rhesus macaques using a highly pathogenic African YFV strain. YFV infection of macaques and hFRG mice caused substantial hepatocyte infection, liver damage, and coagulopathy as defined by virological, clinical, and pathological criteria. However, only macaques developed a consumptive coagulopathy whereas YFV-infected hFRG mice did not. Thus, infection of cell types other than hepatocytes likely contributes to the consumptive coagulopathy associated with severe YF in primates and humans. These findings expand our understanding of viral hemorrhagic disease and associated coagulopathy and suggest directions for clinical management of severe YF cases.
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Zerbo A, Castro Delgado R, Arcos González P. Aedes-borne viral infections and risk of emergence/resurgence in Sub-Saharan African urban areas. JOURNAL OF BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobb.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Bifani AM, Ong EZ, de Alwis R. Vaccination and Therapeutics: Responding to the Changing Epidemiology of Yellow Fever. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 12:398-409. [PMID: 33173445 PMCID: PMC7644428 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-020-00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
At the turn of the nineteenth century, yellow fever (YF) was considered the most dangerous infectious disease with high case fatality. Subsequent, mass vaccination campaigns coupled with widespread elimination of the YF mosquito vector significantly decreased YF cases and reduced outbreaks to the tropical and subtropical forested regions of Africa and South America. However, recent (2016) large outbreaks in Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and South-Eastern Brazil, where previously had been demarcated as low-risk regions, have highlighted the possibility of a rapidly changing epidemiology and the potential re-emergence of yellow fever virus (YFV). Furthermore, the first-ever importation of YFV into Asia has highlighted the potential fear of YFV emerging as a global threat. In this review, we describe the changing epidemiology of YF outbreaks, and highlight the use of public health policies, therapeutics, and vaccination as tools to help eliminate future YFV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Makha Bifani
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eugenia Z. Ong
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre @ SingHealth Duke-NUS (VIREMiCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre @ SingHealth Duke-NUS (VIREMiCS), Singapore, Singapore
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