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Castillo-Neyra R, Xie S, Bellotti BR, Diaz EW, Saxena A, Toledo AM, Condori-Luna GF, Rieders M, Bhattacharya BB, Levy MZ. Optimizing the location of vaccination sites to stop a zoonotic epidemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15910. [PMID: 38987306 PMCID: PMC11237137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mass vaccinations are crucial public health interventions for curbing infectious diseases. Canine rabies control relies on mass dog vaccination campaigns (MDVCs) that are held annually across the globe. Dog owners must bring their pets to fixed vaccination sites, but sometimes target coverage is not achieved due to low participation. Travel distance to vaccination sites is an important barrier to participation. We aimed to increase MDVC participation in silico by optimally placing fixed-point vaccination locations. We quantified participation probability based on walking distance to the nearest vaccination site using regression models fit to participation data collected over 4 years. We used computational recursive interchange techniques to optimally place fixed-point vaccination sites and compared predicted participation with these optimally placed vaccination sites to actual locations used in previous campaigns. Algorithms that minimized average walking distance or maximized expected participation provided the best solutions. Optimal vaccination placement is expected to increase participation by 7% and improve spatial evenness of coverage, resulting in fewer under-vaccinated pockets. However, unevenness in workload across sites remained. Our data-driven algorithm optimally places limited resources to increase overall vaccination participation and equity. Field evaluations are essential to assess effectiveness and evaluate potentially longer waiting queues resulting from increased participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Castillo-Neyra
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Zoonotic Disease Research Lab, One Health Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Sherrie Xie
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brinkley Raynor Bellotti
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elvis W Diaz
- Zoonotic Disease Research Lab, One Health Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Aris Saxena
- The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amparo M Toledo
- Zoonotic Disease Research Lab, One Health Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Gian Franco Condori-Luna
- Zoonotic Disease Research Lab, One Health Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria Rieders
- The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael Z Levy
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Zoonotic Disease Research Lab, One Health Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Qin L, Li H, Zheng D, Lin S, Ren X. Glioblastoma patients' survival and its relevant risk factors during the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 pandemic: real-world cohort study in the USA and China. Int J Surg 2024; 110:2939-2949. [PMID: 38376848 PMCID: PMC11093471 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the COVID-19 pandemic has exerted potential impact on patients with glioblastomas (GBMs), it remains unclear whether the survival and its related risk factors of GBM patients would be altered or not during the period spanning from pre-COVID-19 to post-COVID-19 pandemic era. This study aimed to clarify the important issues above. METHODS Two observational cohorts were utilized, including the nationwide American cohort from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) and the Chinese glioblastoma cohort (CGC) at our institution during 2018-2020. Demographics, tumour features, treatment regimens and clinical outcomes were collected. Cox regression model, competing risk model, and subgroup and sensitivity analysis were used to dynamically estimate the survival and its relevant risk factors over different diagnosis years from the pre-COVID-19 (2018 and 2019) to post-COVID-19 (2020) pandemic. Causal mediation analysis was further adopted to explore the potential relationship between risk factors and mortality. RESULTS This study included 11321 GBM cases in SEER and 226 GBM patients in CGC, respectively. Instead of the diagnostic years of 2018-2020, the prognostic risk factors, such as advanced age, bilateral tumour and absence of comprehensive therapy (surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy), were identified to persistently affect GBM survival independently during the period from 2018 to 2020 in the SEER cohort (all P < 0.05). In CGC, lack of comprehensive therapy for GBM patients were restated as survival risk factors during the same timeframe. Causal mediation analysis showed that the effect of comprehensive therapy on all-cause mortality played a determinant role (direct effect value -0.227, 95% CI -0.248 to -0.207), which was partially mediated by age (9.11%) rather than tumour laterality. CONCLUSIONS As the timeframe shifted from pre-COVID-19 to post-COVID-19 pandemic, survival of GBM patients remained stable, yet advanced age, bilateral tumours, and passive treatment continuingly impacted GBM survival. It is necessary to optimize the comprehensive treatment for GBM patients even in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Haoyi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ali I, Hassan Z, Rahat Ullah A, Noman Khan Wazir M, Fida N, Idrees Khan M, Masood A, Zulfiqar Ali Shah S, Ali W, Ullah I, Ashraf A, Hussain A, Ahsan A, Hemmeda L, Mustafa Ahmed GE, Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed K. Healthcare workers' knowledge and risk perception regarding the first wave of COVID-19 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: an online cross-sectional survey. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2562-2571. [PMID: 38694302 PMCID: PMC11060209 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Increased COVID-19 transmission among the populace may be caused by healthcare workers (HCWs) who lack knowledge, awareness, and good preventive practices. Additionally, it may cause elevated stress levels, anxiety, poor medical judgement, and situational overestimation. Objectives The present survey aimed to assess knowledge and risk perception regarding COVID-19 among HCWs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Methodology A web-based online, pre-tested questionnaire comprising 26 items was circulated via social media in April 2020 amongst HCWs in major tertiary care facilities in KP. Results The study's results, revealing both the commendable knowledge levels among HCWs about COVID-19 and their heightened risk perception, highlight the critical need for targeted interventions to address the potential impact on self-protective behaviour and mental health within this vital workforce. This insight is important for designing strategies that not only enhance HCWs' well-being but also ensure the continued effectiveness of healthcare delivery during pandemics. The percentage mean score (PMS) of COVID-19 knowledge was 85.14±10.82. Male HCWs and those with an age older than or equal to 32 years demonstrated a higher knowledge score (85.62±11.08; P=0.032 and 87.59±7.33, P=0.021, respectively). About 76% of HCWs feared contracting COVID-19. Nearly 82% of respondents were mentally preoccupied with the pandemic and also terrified of it. 'Of these, 81% were nurses, 87% had a job experience of 6-8 years and 54.45% were frontline workers. Feelings of panic and concern about the pandemic were found to be more in HCWs who were physicians above the age of 32, and who had 3-5 years of work experience. HCWs' overall risk perception was found to be significantly different between males (7.04±2.26) and females (8.01±1.97), job experience of 6-10 years (8.04±177) with 3-5 years and younger than or equal to 2 years job experience (7.18±2.43,6.93±2.22), respectively, and between frontline HCWs (7.50±2.10) and non-frontline HCWs (6.84±2.40). Conclusion HCWs demonstrated good knowledge about COVID-19. As the risk perception of COVID-19 among HCWs is high, it can raise concerns about their self-protective behaviour, and mental health. These issues need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zair Hassan
- Department of Cardiology, Lady Reading Hospital
| | - Arslan Rahat Ullah
- Department of Medicine & Allied, Northwest General Hospital & Research Centre
| | | | - Najma Fida
- Department of Physiology, Kabir Medical College
| | | | - Aysha Masood
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Castle Ln E, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Sayed Zulfiqar Ali Shah
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Waqar Ali
- Pharmacy, Hayatabad Medical Complex
- Departments ofPharmacy
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
- Undergraduate Research Organizations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Adnan Ashraf
- Paraplegic Center, Hayatabad
- Social Work, University of Peshawar
| | - Arshad Hussain
- Department of Medicine & Allied, Northwest General Hospital & Research Centre
| | - Areeba Ahsan
- Foundation university school of health sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lina Hemmeda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Rohit A, DSouza C, Kumar S, Ct M, V V, Perumal S, Philip M, George R, Karunasagar I. IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 vaccines AZD1222 and BBV-152 and breakthrough infections among health care workers in southern India. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25528. [PMID: 38327428 PMCID: PMC10847638 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
IgG antibodies elicited in response to SARS-CoV-2 are critical in determining the protection achieved through vaccination. The present longitudinal study aims to assess the immune response generated through AZD1222 & BBV-152 vaccination among health care workers (HCWs) in a selected hospital. Serum IgG levels were measured approximately at 1.5 months and 6 months after the first and second vaccination. The final assessment was done 12 months after the first vaccination to analyse the sustained antibody levels. Results showed a progressive increase in antibody titres as a function of time. 26 HCWs in all had SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection, but their antibody titres were not significantly higher compared to COVID-19 naïve individuals. However, a comparative analysis showed considerably higher antibody titre in those who received the AZD1222 vaccine among this cohort. AZD1222 vaccination was significantly associated with seropositivity in the first and second assessments. Female HCWs showed significantly higher seropositivity, and participants above 60 years showed considerably reduced antibody titre in the first assessment. However, the final assessment showed no association with these variables, with 97.1 % of participants reporting to be seropositive. The results indicate good antibody response and potential protection against SARS CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Rohit
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Caroline DSouza
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Meenachi Ct
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Vinothini V
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Siva Perumal
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - M. Philip
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Raju George
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
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Ganju P, Kalaiyarasi JP, Karunakaran P, Veeraiah S, Mehra N. COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Patients with Multiple Myeloma and AL Amyloidosis: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study from India. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2024; 40:30-35. [PMID: 38312195 PMCID: PMC10830937 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-023-01680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine uptake has been comparable, if not higher, in LMICs (Low- and Middle-Income Countries) than in developed nations. Patients with plasma cell disorders are at a higher risk for developing COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality due to impaired immune responses. We report the outcome of active counselling for COVID-19 vaccines in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and AL amyloidosis and the reasons for hesitancy in those unvaccinated. This was a cross-sectional, single-centre, observational study enrolling patients who visited the hospital between January 1, 2021 and June 30, 2021. Patients with MM and AL amyloidosis at diagnosis or follow-up were actively counselled by treating oncologists regarding the available COVID-19 vaccines (Covishield and Covaxin) during clinic visits or hospital admission. In the subsequent hospital visits, vaccination details were collected and verified. A structured interview schedule was administered to unvaccinated patients to identify the reasons behind vaccine hesitancy. Association of vaccine acceptance with socio-economic parameters and other disease parameters was studied using Chi-square test. Out of 195 patients, 178 (91%) were included in the study; 17 were lost to follow-up. At least a single dose of vaccine was administered in 86%. 79% received Covishield, whereas 21% received Covaxin. 67% received both vaccine doses. Vaccine-related side effects were mild and no vaccine-related thrombotic events were seen. Three patients died due to COVID-19-related causes, of which two were unvaccinated. The reasons for hesitancy in the 24 unvaccinated patients included: 9-poor general health conditions, 8-lack of advice from doctors, 2-fear of side effects, and 2-unavailability of vaccine delivery centres nearby. In comparison to the other studies, we report a higher vaccine uptake which can be attributed to targeted counselling by the treating oncologist and the universal free vaccination programme that is familiar to all Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Ganju
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. S. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38 Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036 India
| | - Jayachandran Perumal Kalaiyarasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. S. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38 Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036 India
| | - Parathan Karunakaran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. S. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38 Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036 India
| | - Surendran Veeraiah
- Department of Psycho-Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. S. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38 Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036 India
| | - Nikita Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. S. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38 Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036 India
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Yang R, Sun S. Campaign Governance and Partnerships: Unraveling COVID-19 Vaccine Promotion Efforts in China's Neighborhoods. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:2915-2929. [PMID: 38164293 PMCID: PMC10758253 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s441874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccine promotion helps counter vaccine hesitancy and raise vaccine acceptance. Therefore, the Chinese state created collaborative infrastructures of COVID-19 vaccine promotion programs to promote stakeholder engagement and unload the burden of policy practitioners. However, partnerships in COVID-19 vaccine promotion programs have been underrepresented. Methods To address this lacuna, we qualitatively explored how partnerships in the COVID-19 vaccine promotion campaign (CVPC) were organized in China's neighborhoods. Specifically, we recruited participants via personal networks, referrals from acquaintances, and snowballing approaches, and conducted the qualitative thematic analysis following interviews with 62 Chinese stakeholders. Results This study indicates that to promote partnerships in CVPCs, neighborhood managers formed leadership in CVPCs, expanded the collaborative network, trained Health Promotion Practitioners (HPPs), and coordinated with HPPs to shape partnership agreements, produced COVID-19 vaccine promotional materials and advertised COVID-19 vaccines via diverse media tools. Although coproduction of CVPCs to a certain extent promoted state-society interaction in neighborhoods and state responsiveness to public demands, partners' disagreements on strategies applied by states for promoting COVID-19 vaccines eroded partnerships in CVPCs. Conclusion To construct a robust partnership in CVPCs, depoliticizing CVPCs and creating shared values among stakeholders in CVPCs are expected. Our study will not only deepen global audiences' understanding of CVCPs in China but also offer potential neighborhood-level solutions for implementing local and global health promotion efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Yang
- Department of Public Administration, College of Humanities, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sirui Sun
- Department of Public Administration, College of Humanities, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, People’s Republic of China
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Liang Z, Wang N, Fan C, Shang L, Zhang Y, Gao C, Luo J. Disturbance of Adaptive Immunity System Was Accompanied by a Decrease in Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acid for Patients Hospitalized During SARS-CoV-2 Infection After COVID-19 Vaccination. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5261-5272. [PMID: 38026252 PMCID: PMC10656857 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s434860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to disorders of immune function and a decrease in the diversity of intestinal flora. We aimed to explore the changes of circulating immune cell subsets and the plasma level of intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), further understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Methods The study included 83 newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients and 39 non-COVID-19 controls. All have completed a full course of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The levels of peripheral lymphocyte subsets and plasma cytokines were detected by flow cytometry. Targeted metabolomics was used to explore the level of SCFAs in plasma. Results Compared with the non-COVID-19 group, COVID-19 patients showed a decrease in CD19+B cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, NK cells, CD4+CD8+T cells and CD4-CD8-T cells (all p<0.001) and concomitantly an increase in sIL-2R, IL-6 and IL-10 (all p<0.005). These alterations were more pronounced in those critical patients. In addition, COVID-19 patients had lower levels of propanoic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), isobutyric acid (IBA) and isohexanoic acid (ICA) (all p<0.01). Among them, the level of ICA is positively correlated with the absolute number of immune cells. Conclusion Our study suggests the immune cell subsets in COVID-19 patients who had completed vaccination were still severely disturbed and concomitantly lower SCFAs, especially in severe patients with poor prognosis. Lower levels of plasma SCFAs may contribute to lymphopenia in COVID-19. The potential relationship between plasma SCFAs and immune cell reduction provides a new direction for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Liang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunxue Fan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Shang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Gao
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Luo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
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Adhikari S, KC S, Dev S, Bhandari S, Parajuli P, Poudel MB, Adhikari YR, Poudel B. Citrobacter freundii-associated osteomyelitis and thromboembolic events following Moderna COVID-19 vaccination: a rare case report from Nepal. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:5789-5794. [PMID: 37915646 PMCID: PMC10617845 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential for controlling the ongoing cases of this disease. Citrobacter infections of the bones and joints are extremely uncommon. Thromboembolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are very rare complications. Case presentation The authors present a rare case of osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism in a 15-year-old previously healthy boy occurring shortly after receiving the second dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. He experienced pain, swelling in the right leg, shortness of breath, and fever, followed by chest pain and leg edema. Treatment included anticoagulation, ketorolac for pain management, antipyretics, and intravenous antibiotics (Tazobactam/Piperacillin, Linezolid, Clindamycin) for osteomyelitis. Discussion The risk of COVID-19 vaccine-related thrombotic events is minimal. Thrombotic events reported among mRNA is very rare. Citrobacter freundii bone and joint infections are very rare, accounting for a small percentage of cases. Some documented cases include cefotaxime-resistant strains causing necrotizing fascitis and osteomyelitis, including postarthroplasty infections. Due to the diverse range of susceptibility patterns and the widespread occurrence of drug resistance, personalized treatment based on culture and sensitivity testing is recommended. However, in rare cases, severe complications like DVT and joint infections associated with Citrobacter infection may occur and should be reported to the vaccine adverse events reporting system. Conclusion Administering the COVID-19 vaccine to enhance natural antibodies is crucial, despite the low risk of infection, thromboembolism, and DVT. Healthcare providers should stay vigilant about adverse effects postvaccination and promptly report those cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sony KC
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj
| | - Santosh Dev
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj
| | | | - Prakriti Parajuli
- Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Man B. Poudel
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj
| | | | - Binod Poudel
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj
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Sengupta S, Shaw SK, Chatterjee S, Bhattacharya G, Barik PK, Chattopadhyay S, Devadas S. Perturbations in spike-specific peripheral T follicular helper cells in SARS-CoV2 breakthrough convalescent individuals immunized by BBV152 vaccine. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29053. [PMID: 37650214 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) infection has caused an increase in mortality and morbidity, but with vaccination, the disease severity has significantly reduced. With the emergence of various variants of concern (VOCs), the vaccine breakthrough infection has also increased. Here we studied circulating spike-specific T follicular response (cTfh) in infection-naïve vaccinees and convalescent vaccinees (individuals who got the Delta breakthrough infection after two doses of BBV152 vaccine) to understand their response as they are the most crucial cells that are involved in vaccine-mediated protection by helping in B-cell maturation. Our results indicated that cTfh cells in both the groups recognized the wild-type and Delta spike protein but memory response to the wild-type spike was superior in infection-naïve than in the convalescent group. The cytokine response, particularly interleukin-21 (IL-21) from cTfh, was also higher in infection-naïve than in convalescent vaccinees, indicating a dampened cTfh response in convalescent vaccinees after breakthrough infection. Also, there was a positive correlation between IL-21 from cTfh cells and neutralizing antibodies of infection-naïve vaccinees. Multiple cytokine analysis also revealed higher inflammation in convalescent vaccinees. Our data indicated that the necessity of a third booster dose may be individual-specific depending on the steady-state functional phenotype of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sengupta
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- T cell and Immune Response Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Science (Autonomous Institute of Dept of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shubham K Shaw
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- T cell and Immune Response Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Science (Autonomous Institute of Dept of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanchari Chatterjee
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Molecular Virology Lab, Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gargee Bhattacharya
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- T cell and Immune Response Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Science (Autonomous Institute of Dept of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash K Barik
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- T cell and Immune Response Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Science (Autonomous Institute of Dept of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Molecular Virology Lab, Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Satish Devadas
- Institute of Life Science, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- T cell and Immune Response Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Science (Autonomous Institute of Dept of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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10
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Nikam C, Suraweera W, Fu SHH, Brown PE, Nagelkerke N, Jha P. PCR Test Positivity and Viral Loads during Three SARS-CoV-2 Viral Waves in Mumbai, India. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1939. [PMID: 37509578 PMCID: PMC10377402 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests generally report only binary (positive or negative) outcomes. Quantitative PCR tests can provide epidemiological information on viral transmission patterns in populations. SARS-CoV-2 transmission patterns during India's SARS-CoV-2 viral waves remain largely undocumented. We analyzed 2.7 million real-time PCR testing records collected in Mumbai, a bellwether for other Indian cities. We used the inverse of cycle threshold (Ct) values to determine the community-level viral load. We quantified wave-specific differences by age, sex, and slum population density. Overall, PCR positivity was 3.4% during non-outbreak periods, rising to 23.2% and 42.8% during the original (June-November 2020) and Omicron waves (January 2022), respectively, but was a surprisingly low 9.9% during the Delta wave (March-June 2021; which had the largest increase in COVID deaths). The community-level median Ct values fell and rose ~7-14 days prior to PCR positivity rates. Viral loads were four-fold higher during the Delta and Omicron waves than during non-outbreak months. The Delta wave had high viral loads at older ages, in women, and in areas of higher slum density. During the Omicron wave, differences in viral load by sex and slum density had disappeared, but older adults continued to show a higher viral load. Mumbai's viral waves had markedly high viral loads representing an early signal of the pandemic trajectory. Ct values are practicable monitoring tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilson Suraweera
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Sze Hang Hana Fu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Patrick E Brown
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Nico Nagelkerke
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Prabhat Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
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11
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Nanda R, Gupta P, Giri AK, Patel S, Shah S, Mohapatra E. Serological Evaluation of Antibody Titers After Vaccination Against COVID-19 in 18-44-Year-Old Individuals at a Tertiary Care Center. Cureus 2023; 15:e40543. [PMID: 37465786 PMCID: PMC10350605 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The evaluation of the effectiveness of the vaccines (ChAdOx1-nCOV; Covishield and BBV-152; Covaxin) against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is necessary to assess their efficacy. Because most antibodies that neutralize the coronavirus are directed against the receptor binding domain within the spike protein of the virus, these antibodies serve as markers for viral neutralizers and, in turn, for vaccine response. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-neutralizing antibody (receptor binding domain (RBD)) and immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) titers following the completion of the vaccination schedule (both vaccines) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methodology In this longitudinal prospective study, conducted in a tertiary care center, 30 sequentially (two doses) vaccinated study participants between the ages of 18 and 44 years were sampled for estimation of anti-RBD antibody titer and IgG2. All statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results There was a statistically significant increase in the neutralizing antibody titer after one month of the second dose (z = -4.597, p < 0.001), while a significant decrease was seen in the IgG2 levels (z = -3.075, p = 0.002). The results showed a significant neutralizing effect of the vaccines being used, with Covishield being more effective than Covaxin. The levels of neutralizing antibodies were independent of all demographic variables such as age, sex, and body mass index. Conclusions This study evaluating the efficacy of the two vaccines, namely, Covishield and Covaxin, is the first of its kind in the state of Chhattisgarh. The results of this study are similar to previous studies conducted in India and outside India, concluding that Covishield is a more effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachita Nanda
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Prishni Gupta
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Anjan Kumar Giri
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Suprava Patel
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Seema Shah
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Eli Mohapatra
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
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12
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Soni GK, Seth S, Arora S, Singh K, Kumari A, Kanagat N, Fields R. Harnessing the Power of Collaboration to Expand the Coverage and Equity of COVID-19 Vaccinations in India: A Community Collaboration Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1022. [PMID: 37376411 PMCID: PMC10304198 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Early in 2021, India embarked on the uphill journey of the COVID-19 vaccination of the largest population group in the world in a prioritized manner and in the shortest possible time. Considering the endless variety of geography and diverse socio-economic demographic, religious, and community contexts, there was a high likelihood of certain population subgroups with known vulnerabilities facing inequities, which were anticipated to be further accentuated by a digital divide. This necessitated devising solutions for such communities in a localized manner to aid the local government in breaking the service access and uptake barriers with an inclusive approach. To bridge this vital gap, the Momentum Routine Immunization Transformation and Equity project implemented a three-tiered collaboration, viz., government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and a wide range of vulnerable and at-risk communities, utilizing knowledge exchange and use of data. The project implemented localization strategies through the NGOs for community engagement in conjunction with government vaccination teams to universalize COVID-19 vaccination uptake up to the last mile. The collaboration resulted in reaching close to 50 million beneficiaries through messaging and facilitated the administration of more than 14 million vaccine doses, including 6.1 million doses for vulnerable and marginalized communities in 18 States and Union territories in India, along with suggesting implications for public health practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Krishna Soni
- John Snow India Pvt. Ltd. (JSIPL), Plot No. 5 & 6, First Floor Allied House, Pocket 10, Sector B, Vasant Kunj, Delhi 110070, India
| | - Surbhi Seth
- John Snow India Pvt. Ltd. (JSIPL), Plot No. 5 & 6, First Floor Allied House, Pocket 10, Sector B, Vasant Kunj, Delhi 110070, India
| | - Sonal Arora
- John Snow India Pvt. Ltd. (JSIPL), Plot No. 5 & 6, First Floor Allied House, Pocket 10, Sector B, Vasant Kunj, Delhi 110070, India
| | - Kapil Singh
- World Health Organization (WHO), Nirman Bhawan Maulana Azad Road, Delhi 110011, India
| | - Amrita Kumari
- John Snow India Pvt. Ltd. (JSIPL), Plot No. 5 & 6, First Floor Allied House, Pocket 10, Sector B, Vasant Kunj, Delhi 110070, India
| | - Natasha Kanagat
- John Snow Inc., 2733 Crystal Drive, 4th Floor, Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - Rebecca Fields
- John Snow Inc., 2733 Crystal Drive, 4th Floor, Arlington, VA 22202, USA
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13
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Agarwal SK, Naha M. COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage in India: A District-Level Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050948. [PMID: 37243052 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
India implemented the largest COVID-19 vaccination drive in the world, through which it vaccinated the majority of its population. Lessons from the Indian COVID-19 vaccination experience can be invaluable for other LMICs as well as for preparedness for future outbreaks. Our study is designed to explore the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination coverage in India at the district level. We used data from COVID-19 vaccination in India combined with several other administrative data to create a unique data set that facilitated a spatio-temporal exploratory analysis by uncovering the factors associated with vaccination rates across different vaccination phases and districts. We found evidence that past reported infection rates were positively correlated with COVID-19 vaccination outcomes. Past cumulative COVID-19 deaths as a proportion of district populations were associated with lower COVID-19 vaccination, but the percentage of past reported infection was positively correlated with first-dose COVID-19 vaccination, which might indicate a positive role of higher awareness created by a higher reported infection rate. Districts that on average had a higher population burden per health centre were likely to have lower COVID-19 vaccination rates. Vaccination rates were lower in rural areas relative to urban areas, whereas the association with literacy rate was positive. Districts with a higher percentage of children with complete immunisation were associated with higher COVID-19 vaccination, whereas low vaccination was observed in districts that had higher percentages of wasted children. COVID-19 vaccination was lower among pregnant and lactating women. Higher vaccination was observed among populations with higher blood pressure and hypertension (which were a few of the co-morbidities associated with COVID-19 infection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K Agarwal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Maharnab Naha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal 462066, India
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14
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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines, Vaccine Development Technologies, and Significant Efforts in Vaccine Development during the Pandemic: The Lessons Learned Might Help to Fight against the Next Pandemic. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030682. [PMID: 36992266 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We are currently approaching three years since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has caused extensive disruptions in everyday life, public health, and the global economy. Thus far, the vaccine has worked better than expected against the virus. During the pandemic, we experienced several things, such as the virus and its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatments; emerging variants; different vaccines; and the vaccine development processes. This review describes how each vaccine has been developed and approved with the help of modern technology. We also discuss critical milestones during the vaccine development process. Several lessons were learned from different countries during the two years of vaccine research, development, clinical trials, and vaccination. The lessons learned during the vaccine development process will help to fight the next pandemic.
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15
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Pal S, Mehta P, Pandey A, Ara A, Ghoshal U, Ghoshal UC, Pandey R, Tripathi RK, Yadav PN, Ravishankar R, Kundu TK, Rajender S. Molecular determinants associated with temporal succession of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Uttar Pradesh, India. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:986729. [PMID: 36819024 PMCID: PMC9929466 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.986729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global crisis that required a detailed characterization of the dynamics of mutational pattern of the viral genome for comprehending its epidemiology, pathogenesis and containment. We investigated the molecular evolution of the SASR-CoV-2 genome during the first, second and third waves of COVID-19 in Uttar Pradesh, India. Nanopore sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 genome was undertaken in 544 confirmed cases of COVID-19, which included vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. In the first wave (unvaccinated population), the 20A clade (56.32%) was superior that was replaced by 21A Delta in the second wave, which was more often seen in vaccinated individuals in comparison to unvaccinated (75.84% versus 16.17%, respectively). Subsequently, 21A delta got outcompeted by Omicron (71.8%), especially the 21L variant, in the third wave. We noticed that Q677H appeared in 20A Alpha and stayed up to Delta, D614G appeared in 20A Alpha and stayed in Delta and Omicron variants (got fixed), and several other mutations appeared in Delta and stayed in Omicron. A cross-sectional analysis of the vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during the second wave revealed signature combinations of E156G, F157Del, L452R, T478K, D614G mutations in the Spike protein that might have facilitated vaccination breach in India. Interestingly, some of these mutation combinations were carried forward from Delta to Omicron. In silico protein docking showed that Omicron had a higher binding affinity with the host ACE2 receptor, resulting in enhanced infectivity of Omicron over the Delta variant. This work has identified the combinations of key mutations causing vaccination breach in India and provided insights into the change of [virus's] binding affinity with evolution, resulting in more virulence in Delta and more infectivity in Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. Our findings will help in understanding the COVID-19 disease biology and guide further surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 genome to facilitate the development of vaccines with better efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Pal
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Poonam Mehta
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anam Ara
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Ujjala Ghoshal
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Uday C. Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kamal Tripathi
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prem N. Yadav
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ramachandran Ravishankar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Tapas K. Kundu
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Singh Rajender
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,*Correspondence: Singh Rajender, ✉
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16
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Zhao Y, Du J, Li Z, Xu Z, Wu Y, Duan W, Wang W, Zhang T, Xu J, Wu H, Huang X. It is time to improve the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among people with chronic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28509. [PMID: 36655758 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigated COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among people with chronic diseases and the factors correlating with their vaccination hesitancy. The articles were searched in PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, and web of science databases between December 2019 and October 2022. Cross-sectional studies, including the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine by patients with chronic diseases (≥18 years old), were included in this study. The outcomes included the proportion and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of chronic disease patients willing to be vaccinated and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI of correlating factors. The source of heterogeneity was analyzed through meta-regression and subgroup analysis. We included 31 studies involving 57 875 patients with chronic disease. The overall COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among patients with chronic disease was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.59-0.72). The acceptance among the elderly patients was 0.53 (95% CI, 0.26-0.80). South America had the highest COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate and Asia the lowest, while on a country level, the United Kingdom had the highest acceptance rate among patients with chronic diseases. People with rheumatic immune diseases had the lowest rate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Concerns about vaccine safety had a statistically different effect on acceptance. Overall, the health systems ought to focus on educating specific groups of individuals on the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination and addressing safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Wu
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenshan Duan
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Cilloni L, Kendall E, Dowdy D, Arinaminpathy N. Adaptive strategies for the deployment of rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19: a modelling study. Gates Open Res 2023. [DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.14202.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lateral flow assays (LFAs) for the rapid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provide an affordable, rapid and decentralised means for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Concentrating on urban areas in low- and middle-income countries, we examined whether ‘dynamic’ screening algorithms, that adjust the use of confirmatory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing based on epidemiological conditions, could reduce cost without substantially reducing the impact of testing. Methods: Concentrating on a hypothetical ‘second wave’ of COVID-19 in India, we modelled the potential impact of testing 0.5% of the population per day at random with LFA, regardless of symptom status. We considered dynamic testing strategies where LFA positive cases are only confirmed with PCR when LFA positivity rates are below a given threshold (relative to the peak positive rate at the height of the epidemic wave), compared to confirming either all positive LFA results or confirming no results. Benefit was estimated based on cumulative incidence of infection, and resource requirements, based on the cumulative number of PCR tests used and the cumulative number of unnecessary isolations. Results: A dynamic strategy of discontinuing PCR confirmation when LFA positivity exceeded 50% of the peak positivity rate in an unmitigated epidemic would achieve comparable impact to one employing PCR confirmation throughout (9.2% of cumulative cases averted vs 9.8%), while requiring 35% as many PCR tests. However, the dynamic testing strategy would increase the number of false-positive test results substantially, from 0.07% of the population to 1.1%. Conclusions: Dynamic diagnostic strategies that adjust to epidemic conditions could help maximise the impact of testing at a given cost. Generally, dynamic strategies reduce the number of confirmatory PCR tests needed, but increase the number of unnecessary isolations. Optimal strategies will depend on whether greater priority is placed on limiting confirmatory testing or false-positive diagnoses.
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18
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Ransing R, Raghuveer P, Mhamunkar A, Kukreti P, Puri M, Patil S, Pavithra H, Padma K, Kumar P, Ananthathirtha K, Goel MK, Deshpande SN. COVID-19 vaccine confidence project for perinatal women (CCPP)-Development of a stepped-care model to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in low and middle-income countries. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1100046. [PMID: 36711386 PMCID: PMC9881345 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (CVH) is common among perinatal women in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), but it is often unaddressed. This could be due to a lack of feasible, scalable, and acceptable interventions and models for CVH in LMICs. Our study aimed to develop a CVH intervention model that can be implemented in LMICs using existing human healthcare resources. Methods A literature review was conducted on aspects of vaccine hesitancy, pre-existing interventions, and models for addressing vaccine hesitancy (COVID-19 and non-COVID-19). The lead authors (RR and PKuk) formed a team consisting of vaccinators, experts, and stakeholders. Members shared their perspectives and proposals for various models and interventions that could be implemented in LMICs. A CVH intervention model was developed using a logic model, a WHO implementation toolkit, experts' feedback, and consensus. Results A consensus was reached to develop a COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence Project for Perinatal Women (CCPP), which is a primary health care worker (HCWs)-based stepped-care model. The CCPP model includes HCW training, integration into ongoing COVID-19 vaccination programs, CVH screening, CVH intervention, and referral services suitable for implementation in LMICs. Conclusion The CCPP project/model provides a practical approach that can help in the early detection and management of CVH. The model can be tailored to different healthcare settings to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake among perinatal women in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Ransing
- Department of Psychiatry, BKL Walawalkar Rural Medical College, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pracheth Raghuveer
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Aman Mhamunkar
- Department of Psychiatry, BKL Walawalkar Rural Medical College, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prerna Kukreti
- Department of Psychiatry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Manju Puri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Suvarna Patil
- Department of Medicine, BKL Walawalkar Rural Medical College, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hegde Pavithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kumari Padma
- Department of Psychiatry, BKL Walawalkar Rural Medical College, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavya Ananthathirtha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Manish Kumar Goel
- Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Smita N. Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry, St John's Medical College Hospital, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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19
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Liu B, You J, Huang L, Chen M, Shen Y, Xiong L, Zheng S, Huang M. The 100 Most-Cited Articles in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Based on Web of Science: A Bibliometric Analysis. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:2625-2646. [PMID: 37159828 PMCID: PMC10163891 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s408377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To perform a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most-cited articles (T100 articles) on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy to characterize current trends. Methods The data of the bibliometric analysis were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database on January 29, 2023, and the results were sorted in descending order by citations. Two researchers independently extracted the characteristics of the top 100 cited articles, including title, author, citations, publication year, institution, country, author keywords, Journal Cited Rank, and impact factor. Excel and VOSviewer were used to analyze the data. Results The T100 articles ranged from 79 to 1125 citations, with a mean of 208.75. The T100 articles were contributed by 29 countries worldwide, of which the USA ranked first with 28 articles and 5417 citations. The T100 articles were published in 61 journals; the top three citations were VACCINES, NATURE MEDICINE, and EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, and the number of citations was 2690, 1712, and 1644, respectively. Professor Sallam, M(n=4) from Jordan, is the author who participated in the most published articles. Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (n=8) had the most T100 articles. Conclusion It is the first bibliometric analysis of the T100 articles in the field of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. We carefully analyzed and described the characteristics of these T100 articles, which provide ideas for further strengthening COVID-19 vaccination and fighting against the epidemic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie You
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Huang
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengling Chen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yushan Shen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longyu Xiong
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Silin Zheng
- Nursing Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Silin Zheng, Nursing Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13002866667, Email
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Min Huang, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18982482624, Email
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Contextualization of the trends in number of beneficiaries vaccinated at a COVID-19 vaccination centre in Delhi, India. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2022; 1:100012. [PMID: 36636610 PMCID: PMC9087152 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims India started vaccination against COVID-19 on 16th January 2021. Present study was conducted to describe the trends in the number of beneficiaries vaccinated at a tertiary care hospital in India against the dynamic background of changing contextual factors. Methods This was a descriptive records-based study conducted at one of the COVID vaccination centre from January 2021 to June 2021. Data on dose-wise daily number of beneficiaries in various categories were collected and analyzed using Excel. The website of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), India, press releases and news reports of major media houses were reviewed. Results The peaks observed in number of beneficiaries vaccinated were mainly due to opening up of program for new categories of beneficiaries in a phased manner, announcements made to complete the vaccination coverage within a stipulated time for some categories and publication of trial results by vaccine manufacturers. The dips could be attributed to essential requirement of certain documents, major festivals, disastrous second wave and resulting lockdown in state. Conclusion The time-trend may not remain uniform across the course, but can be predicted in advance to some extent by analyzing past trends. Minimizing the avoidable dips and peaks and managing the unavoidable ones will help in improving the service delivery and beneficiary satisfaction.
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Kalra N, Kalra T, Mishra S, Basu S, Bhatnagar N. Hesitancy for Adult Vaccines Among Healthcare Providers and their Family Members in Delhi, India: A Cross-Sectional Study. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2022; 1:100044. [PMID: 36785639 PMCID: PMC9472743 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Adult immunisation has recently emerged as an area of emphasis in research and policy. Increasing life expectancy, outbreaks like COVID-19, and the endemic nature of diseases like dengue, malaria have underscored its importance. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess hesitancy and the factors influencing the uptake of vaccines in adults. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical students and doctors affiliated to a medical college and tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India and their immediate family members in January 2021. Online data collection was done using the Google Form platforms. Data on awareness and perceptions regarding adult vaccination and immunisation status of participants was collected. The dataset was exported in the Microsoft Excel format and analysed with IBM SPSS Version 25 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Results A total of 461 adults responded to the survey. The most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy were fear of side effects (51.41%), lack of awareness of vaccines (49.46%), and the lack of national guidelines on adult vaccination (32.97%). Hesitancy for vaccines among those who were informed by healthcare workers of vaccine availability was highest for zoster vaccine (97.80%) and least for tetanus toxoid (57.62%). Significant hesitancy was also observed for pneumococcal, human papillomavirus, influenza and varicella vaccines. Conclusions Reduced vaccine uptake due to vaccine hesitancy in adulthood is a major health concern. Framing national guidelines for adult vaccination in India and awareness generation to create a public demand for adult vaccination warrants prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhita Kalra
- Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadurshah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India,Corresponding author
| | - Tanisha Kalra
- Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadurshah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India
| | - Suruchi Mishra
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadurshah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India
| | - Saurav Basu
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadurshah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India
| | - Nidhi Bhatnagar
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadurshah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002, India
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Mohseni Afshar Z, Barary M, Hosseinzadeh R, Karim B, Ebrahimpour S, Nazary K, Sio TT, Sullman MJM, Carson-Chahhoud K, Moudi E, Babazadeh A. COVID-19 vaccination challenges: A mini-review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2066425. [PMID: 35512088 PMCID: PMC9302531 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2066425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the infection of many people across the globe, over six million deaths, and has placed an unprecedented burden on public health worldwide. The pandemic has led to the high-speed development and production of vaccines against the COVID-19, as vaccines can end the pandemic. At the beginning of the program, vaccinations were initially targeted only at high-risk groups, such as the elderly, those with comorbidities, or healthcare workers. Although most of the mentioned populations have received the two recommended doses, limited resources have left many authorities with an effective vaccine undersupply. Therefore, policies have been implemented to manage the available doses of the vaccines more efficiently. As there is no universally agreed consensus on this topic, we discuss the different recommendations and guidelines regarding the time interval between the two vaccine doses and explain the different scenarios for applying the two doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mohseni Afshar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barary
- Student Research Committee, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Hosseinzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Bardia Karim
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kosar Nazary
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Terence T. Sio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Mark J. M. Sullman
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Emaduddin Moudi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Arefeh Babazadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Perception of Availability, Accessibility, and Affordability of COVID-19 Vaccines and Hesitancy: A Cross-Sectional Study in India. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122009. [PMID: 36560419 PMCID: PMC9785313 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The current study aimed to identify the perceptions and issues regarding the affordability, availability, and accessibility of COVID-19 vaccination and determine the extent of vaccine hesitancy among non-vaccinated individuals. Methods: A Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 575 individuals for a period of six months. All the relevant information was collected using the peer-validated survey questionnaire. An independent t-test was applied to check the association between variables. Results: Among 575 participants, 80.8% were vaccinated, and 19.2% were non-vaccinated. Among the vaccinated, 35.1% were vaccinated in private centres and 64.9% in public health centres (PHC). In total, 32% had accessibility issues and 24.5% had availability issues. However, responders vaccinated at PHC were having more issues in comparison to other groups which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Among the 163 privately vaccinated participants, 69.9% found it completely affordable. Another 26.9% and 3.1% found vaccines partly affordable and a little unaffordable. Among the 110 non-vaccinated, 38.1% were found to be vaccine-hesitant. Conclusions: Individuals vaccinated at PHC experienced issues such as long waiting times, unavailability of doses, and registration. Further, a significant level of hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines was observed. The safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines contributed to negative attitudes.
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Sanghavi N, Neiterman E. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in India: A Mixed-Methods Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e30362. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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25
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Rehman S, Rehman E, Jianglin Z. Uptake of COVID-19 booster shot among healthcare workers: A mediation analysis approach. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1033473. [PMID: 36276365 PMCID: PMC9581265 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1033473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the thrust of previous research investigations has been on people's willingness to get immunized against the COVID-19 infection, the underpinning principle of compliance has received very little attention. Addressing the possible drivers and mechanisms influencing vaccine acceptance may provide significant insights for limiting the pandemic. In response, we intend to investigate the influence of decision regret and the consequences of post-vaccination adverse effects on the inclination to undertake booster shots. An electronic survey that was self-administered was conducted in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The questionnaire was completed by 1,369 participants, with a response rate of 41%. 1,343 of them (98.10%) had received both doses of the COVID-19 vaccination. Besides, the present research has also adopted a mediation model. Our findings demonstrate that unfavorable vaccination responses in healthcare workers significantly affect their likelihood of receiving booster shots. Interestingly, healthcare workers who had adverse experiences after being immunized were more prone to regret their prior immunization decisions, which in response affected their decision to get a booster shot. The motivation to receive the booster dosage and adverse post-vaccination responses were mediated by decision regret. The outcomes suggested indissociable connections between unfavorable vaccination responses, decision regret, and the likelihood of receiving a booster shot. To strengthen immunization acceptance intent and enhance the likelihood of receiving COVID-19 booster shots, it is recommended that awareness of these post-vaccination adverse events be extensively integrated into immunization awareness programs and policy measures supporting booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Rehman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Erum Rehman
- Department of Mathematics, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhang Jianglin
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China,Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Zhang Jianglin
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Jain P, Agarwal N, Saxena V, Srivastav S, Solanki H. Mortality in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) and its clinicoradiological and laboratory correlates: A retrospective study. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:6197-6203. [PMID: 36618193 PMCID: PMC9810907 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_364_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To delineate and analyze the mortality from COVID -19 in our institute during the devastating second wave of pandemic. Settings and Design A retrospective cohort analysis. Methods and Materials A comprehensive mortality analysis of 142 laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infected deceased patients from our hospital's medical records was done. These patients presented with severe disease at the time of admission and were managed in intensive care units. Statistical Analysis Used Statistical Package for Social Sciences software, IBM manufacturer, Chicago, USA, version 21.0 was used. Results The number of deceased males (82, 62.6%) was higher than females (53, 37.3%). Median age of deceased patient was 57 (44.25-69.75) years. Most frequent comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (42, 29.6%) and hypertension (41, 28.9%). Most common symptoms being shortness of breath (137, 96.5%), fever (94, 66.2%) and cough (73, 51.4%). Median peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) at time of admission was 86% (77.25-90). Median time interval from symptom onset to admission in hospital was 3 (2.25-5) days. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was more than 5 in 117 (90.7%) patients. Complications seen were acute respiratory distress syndrome in 82.3%, acute liver injury in 58.4%, acute kidney injury in 26.7%, sepsis in 13.3% and acute cardiac injury in 12% patients. The median high-resolution computed tomography score was 20 (17-22). Conclusions Male and elderly patients with underlying comorbidities had poorer outcome and involvement of multiple organ systems was common. A short time interval between symptom onset and admission/mortality, particularly encountered was worrisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Payal Jain, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida – 201 310, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail:
| | - Neema Agarwal
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Department of Orthopedics, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastav
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hariom Solanki
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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27
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Kumar A, Kumar G, Ramane TV, Singh G. Optimal Covid-19 vaccine stations location and allocation strategies. BENCHMARKING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/bij-02-2022-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis study proposes strategies for vaccine center allocation for coronavirus disease (COVID) vaccine by determining the number of vaccination stations required for the vaccination drive, location of vaccination station, assignment of demand group to vaccination station, allocation of the scarce medical professional teams to station and number of optimal days a vaccination station to be functional in a week.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. However, to handle nonlinearity, the authors devise a heuristic and then propose a two-stage mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation to optimize the allocation of vaccination centers or stations to demand groups in the first stage and the allocation of vaccination centers to cold storage links in the second stage. The first stage optimizes the cost and average distance traveled by people to reach the vaccination center, whereas the second stage optimizes the vaccine’s holding and storage and transportation cost by efficiently allocating cold storage links to the centers.Findings The model is studied for the real-world case of Chandigarh, India. The results obtained validate that the proposed approach can immensely help government agencies and policymaking body for a successful vaccination drive. The model tries to find a tradeoff between loss due to underutilized medical teams and the distance traveled by a demand group to get the vaccination.Originality/value To the best of our knowledge, there are hardly any studies on a vaccination program at such a scale due to sudden outbreaks such as Covid-19.
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28
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Dhanasooraj D, Viswanathan P, Saphia S, Jose BP, Parambath FC, Sivadas S, Akash NP, Vimisha TV, Nair PR, Mohan A, Hafeez N, Poovullathi JK, Vadekkandiyil S, Govindan SKK, Khobragade R, Aravindan KP, Radhakrishnan C. Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 by sequencing the RBD region using Sanger sequencing from North Kerala. Front Public Health 2022; 10:974667. [PMID: 36091505 PMCID: PMC9454329 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.974667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is the gold standard for the detection of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 including those which have immune escape properties, high infectivity, and variable severity. This test is helpful in genomic surveillance, for planning appropriate and timely public health interventions. But labs with NGS facilities are not available in small or medium research settings due to the high cost of setting up such a facility. Transportation of samples from many places to few centers for NGS testing also produces delays due to transportation and sample overload leading in turn to delays in patient management and community interventions. This becomes more important for patients traveling from hotspot regions or those suspected of harboring a new variant. Another major issue is the high cost of NGS-based tests. Thus, it may not be a good option for an economically viable surveillance program requiring immediate result generation and patient follow-up. The current study used a cost-effective facility which can be set up in a common research lab and which is replicable in similar centers with expertise in Sanger nucleotide sequencing. More samples can be processed at a time and can generate the results in a maximum of 2 days (1 day for a 24 h working lab). We analyzed the nucleotide sequence of the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) region of SARS-CoV-2 by the Sanger sequencing using in-house developed methods. The SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance was done during the period of March 2021 to May 2022 in the Northern region of Kerala, a state in India with a population of 36.4 million, for implementing appropriate timely interventions. Our findings broadly agree with those from elsewhere in India and other countries during the period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjayan Dhanasooraj
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India,Dhananjayan Dhanasooraj
| | - Prasanth Viswanathan
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Shammy Saphia
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Beena Philomina Jose
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | | | - Saritha Sivadas
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - N. P. Akash
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - T. V. Vimisha
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | | | - Anuja Mohan
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Nimin Hafeez
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | | | - Shameer Vadekkandiyil
- Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | | | - Rajan Khobragade
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Chandni Radhakrishnan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India,*Correspondence: Chandni Radhakrishnan
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Public Vaccination Reluctance: What Makes Us Change Our Minds? Results of A Longitudinal Cohort Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071081. [PMID: 35891244 PMCID: PMC9321479 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents a longitudinal cohort survey on the public acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination and real vaccination levels. A survey on a representative sample of adult Polish citizens (n = 1066) was conducted in June 2020 and, one year later, the same group was approached to compare the hypothetical declarations with the real vaccination decisions (n = 438). A significant part of the group that declared reluctance and hesitation toward COVID-19 vaccination before that vaccination was available actually got vaccinated or plans to get vaccinated. Those respondents were asked about the reasons for changing their attitudes. Among the previously vaccine-reluctant individuals, the main reasons included concern about their health and safety (50%) and their desire to travel (26.6%). Vaccine-hesitant individuals also indicated health and safety as their primary concern (69%), as well as the pursuit of herd immunity and a notion of common social safety (12.6%). The main factors helping to increase vaccination acceptance are based on a self-centered pursuit of safety and freedom from restrictions. The survey results may help to prepare a more effective vaccination campaign.
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Ransing R, Surve A, Mhamunkar A, Padma K, Mane A, Chavan R, Deshpande SN. A Pilot Exploration of the Experiences of COVID-19 Vaccinated Perinatal Women and the Need for Psychosocial Interventions in Rural India. Indian J Psychol Med 2022; 44:424-426. [PMID: 35949628 PMCID: PMC9301745 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Ransing
- Dept. of Psychiatry, BKL Walwalkar Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avantica Surve
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry, BKL Walawalkar College of Physiotherapy, Sawarde, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aman Mhamunkar
- Dept. of Psychiatry, BKL Walwalkar Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kumari Padma
- Dept. of Psychiatry, BKL Walwalkar Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Mane
- Dept. of Psychiatry, BKL Walwalkar Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupali Chavan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, BKL Walwalkar Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smita N Deshpande
- Dept. of Psychiatry, De-addiction Services & Resource Center for Tobacco Control, Centre of Excellence in Mental health, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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31
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Saraswat N, Tripathy DM, Kumar S, Awasthi P, Gopal MM. A spectrum of leprosy reactions triggered by Covid-19 vaccination: a series of four cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e858-e860. [PMID: 35766884 PMCID: PMC9350223 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Saraswat
- Department of Dermatology, Military Hospital, Agra, India
| | - D M Tripathy
- Department of Dermatology, Military Hospital, Agra, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, Motilal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, India
| | - P Awasthi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Military Hospital, Agra, India
| | - M M Gopal
- Department of Pathology & Histopathology, Command Hospital, Lucknow, India
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32
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Chopra M, Gupta A, P.S. SB, Kapoor R, Sirohi YS, Nilakantan A. Disease profile and patient outcomes in vaccinated COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care Indian hospital: An observational, real-world study. Med J Armed Forces India 2022; 79:S0377-1237(22)00052-1. [PMID: 35702713 PMCID: PMC9186535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of real-world evidence evaluating the disease outcomes and patient features in vaccinated coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases. This study aimed to address this scientific need gap and also compare characteristics between the partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated COVID-19 patients in India. Methods This observational cross-sectional study included data of adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a tertiary care Indian hospital with a history of at least single-dose COVID-19 vaccination. Overall evaluation of patient features and disease characteristics was done. Patients were segregated into two groups based on vaccination status (partial or fully vaccinated), and characteristics were compared between these two groups along with COVID-19 outcomes. Results Data of 403 vaccinated patients treated for breakthrough COVID-19 infection postvaccination was evaluated. The mean age was 47.7 ± 15.3 years (range: 19-87 years), with the majority being males (73.94%); 54.1% of evaluated cases were fully vaccinated; 74.93% of cases were asymptomatic. The majority of the symptomatic cases (60.39%) suffered from only mild-moderate symptoms; 72.7% of cases needed only home isolation, while only 1.99% died. A significantly higher number of partially vaccinated COVID-19 patients had severe COVID-19 pneumonia vs. fully vaccinated ones (14.59% vs. 5.96%, p < 0.05). The relative risk (RR) for the development of severe COVID-19 infection was 0.32 for the fully vaccinated subgroup, which was a significant finding (CI: 0.19-0.55, p < 0.05). Conclusion The majority of vaccinated COVID-19 patients are asymptomatic or suffer from mild clinical features, which can be managed with home isolation. Fully vaccinated patients have a lower risk of developing severe COVID-19 infection in comparison to partially vaccinated cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Chopra
- Classified Specialist (Pulmonary Medicine), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, India
| | - Abhyam Gupta
- Intern, Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, India
| | - Shafin Babu P.S.
- Pulmonologist, Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, India
| | - Rajan Kapoor
- Head (Medicine), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, India
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Deshpande GR, Bhukya PL, Yadav PD, Salunke A, Patil C, Tilekar BN, Rakhe A, Srivastava R, Gurav YK, Potdar V, Abraham P, Sapkal GN. Comparison of neutralizing antibody response in first and second waves of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in India. J Travel Med 2022; 29:6485192. [PMID: 34963131 PMCID: PMC8807193 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The Delta variant leads to the resurgence of the second wave in India. A 1.51-fold increase in neutralizing antibody response was observed in the second wave compared with first wave, indicating the second wave dominated by the Delta elicited a robust immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Asha Salunke
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India
| | - Chetan Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India
| | | | - Aparna Rakhe
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India
| | | | | | - Varsha Potdar
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India
| | - Priya Abraham
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India
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Mukherjee S, Baral MM, Chittipaka V, Pal SK, Nagariya R. Investigating sustainable development for the COVID-19 vaccine supply chain: a structural equation modelling approach. JOURNAL OF HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jhlscm-08-2021-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeImmunization is one of the most cost-effective ways to save lives while promoting good health and happiness. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has served as a stark reminder of vaccines' ability to prevent transmission, save lives, and have a healthier, safer and more prosperous future. This research investigates the sustainable development (SD) of the COVID-19 vaccine supply chain (VSC).Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates the relationship between internal process, organizational growth, and its three pillars of SD environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. Survey-based research is carried out in the hospitals providing COVID-19 vaccines. Nine hypotheses are proposed for the study, and all the hypotheses got accepted. The survey was sent to 428 respondents and received 291 responses from health professionals with a response rate of 68%. For the study, the healthcare professionals working in both private and public hospitals across India were selected.FindingsThe structural equation modelling (SEM) approach is used to test the hypothesis. All nine hypotheses are supported. This study examines a link between internal processes and organizational learning and the three sustainability pillars (environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability).Practical implicationsThis study will help the management and the policymakers to think and adopt SD in the COVID-19 VSC. This paper also implies that robust immunization systems will be required in the future to ensure that people worldwide are protected from COVID-19 and other diseases.Originality/valueThis paper shows the relationship between organizational learning and internal process with environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability for the COVID-19. Studies on VSC of COVID-19 are not evident in any previous literature.
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Talukder A, Kalita C, Neog N, Goswami C, Sarma MK, Hazarika I. A comparative analysis on the safety and efficacy of Covaxin versus other vaccines against COVID-19: a review. Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:351-362. [PMID: 35245422 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of the genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2, an unprecedented effort is being made until this date for the development of a safe and effective vaccine by pharma companies and laboratories worldwide. To attain herd immunity and quite possibly recover from this pandemic, which has claimed the life of about 4.23 million people, an exceptional effort has been made by the scientific community for the development of a vaccine. Various vaccines have been developed based on different platforms and each of them seems to possess its own merits and demerits based on its safety, immunogenicity, the durability of immunity, dosing schedule, technological platform, and ease of manufacture and transport. Based on these parameters this review aims to critically assess the efficacy of Covaxin and compare it with other vaccines in the WHO EUL list and perform a comparative analysis of COVID-19 vaccines which are in phase 3 and phase 4 of clinical trials. This will help us determine where COVAXIN stands against other vaccines and vaccine candidates based on these parameters which will ultimately help us determine the best vaccine that could potentially eradicate the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijita Talukder
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Chayanika Kalita
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Nayanika Neog
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Chayanika Goswami
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Mrinal Kashyap Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
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Immunological Response to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine among Health Care Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (Covishield) has shown good efficacy data but the presence of non responders to the vaccine and the duration of protection conferred by the vaccine has not been clearly documented. To study the immunological response to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine among Health Care workers (HCWs) at a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. Materials and Methods: A Prospective study was conducted to analyze the duration of protection conferred by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine by testing the serum samples for Anti SARS IgG Antibody to spike protein by EUROIMMUNE ELISA Kit protocol by testing the pre vaccine sample, samples 2 weeks and 4 weeks following 1st dose,3 months and 6 months post 2 doses of vaccination and to study the association of waning immune response with comorbidities. A total of 265 Health Care Workers (HCWs) involving Nurses (35%), Doctors (32%), Technical staffs (17%) and House keeping staffs (16%) were included in the study. Majority were in age group of 41-50 Years (33%). Associated comorbidity was noticed in 19 % of HCWs. All 100% had sero conversion 4 weeks following Covishield but only 88 % had sero conversion 2 weeks following the 1st dose of Covishield. 100% of the HCWs had detectable levels of Anti SARS IgG antibody to spike protein 3 months following 2nd dose of Covishield but 6 months post 2nd dose only 90.5 % detectable levels of Anti SARS IgG antibody to spike protein. Among the 9.5% with waning immune response 68% had associated comorbidity like obesity (47%), Diabetes Mellitus (41%), Hyperlipidemia (6%) and Chronic lung disease (6%). It is important to maintain the protective antibody titers by vaccinating all the individuals with booster dose of the vaccine and considering population with comorbidities a high risk group for early priority.
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Priyanka, Choudhary OP, Singh I. Adjudicating the logistics of COVID-19 vaccine boosters from a global perspective. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2020572. [PMID: 35026127 PMCID: PMC8986300 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2 variants has led to the advocation of COVID-19 vaccine boosters by many countries. The reasons cited for the booster vaccination, such as waning immunity, immune escape due to viral evolution and suboptimal responses in immunocompromised individuals, need to be cautiously weighed against possible risks, including immune-mediated side effects, vaccine hesitancy, global vaccine inequity, and emergence of new variants in the naive population. The scientific, ethical, and economic adjudication indicates that the primary vaccination of unvaccinated masses should be prioritized over the premature booster implementation. Although, in the future, when the global vaccine shortage has been subdued or if the protective immunity afforded by the current COVID-19 vaccination protocols wanes substantially, the booster vaccinations may be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka
- Independent Researcher, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Aizawl, India
| | - Om Prakash Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Aizawl, India
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Dhawan M, Priyanka, Parmar M, Angural S, Choudhary OP. Convalescent plasma therapy against the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: Delineation of the potentialities and risks. Int J Surg 2022; 97:106204. [PMID: 34974199 PMCID: PMC8717699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a catastrophic pandemic and severely impacted people's livelihoods worldwide. In addition, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has posed a severe threat to humankind. Due to the dearth of therapeutic options during the commencement of the pandemic, convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) played a significant part in the management of patients with severe form of COVID-19. Several recent studies have proposed various protective effects of CPT, such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and immunomodulatory actions, curtailing the devastating consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. On the contrary, several clinical studies have raised some serious concerns about the effectiveness and reliability of CPT in the management of patients with COVID-19. The protective effects of CPT in severely ill patients are yet to be proved. Moreover, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has raised concerns about the effectiveness of CPT against COVID-19. Therefore, to establish concrete evidence of the efficacy of CPT and adjudicate its inclusion in the management of COVID-19, an updated review of present literature is required, which could help in the development of an efficient therapeutic regimen to treat COVID-19 amid the emergence of new viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India,The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, WA14 5PQ, UK
| | - Priyanka
- Independent Researcher, 07, Type IV Quarter, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, 796015, Mizoram, India
| | - Manisha Parmar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Steffy Angural
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, GNA University, Phagwara-Hoshiarpur Road, Sri Hargobindgarh, 144401, Punjab, India,Corresponding author
| | - Om Prakash Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, 796015, Mizoram, India,Corresponding author
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Saxena M, Patil N, Sareen M, Meena M, Tyagi N, Tak M. A study to access the prevalence and drivers of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Indian population including health care professional and dental students – A cross-sectional survey. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_227_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kumar MS, Madhumathi J, Gayathri K, Rozario AG, Vijayaprabha R, Balusamy M, Sonekar H, Panda S. Community voices around COVID-19 vaccine in Chennai, India: A qualitative exploration during early phase of vaccine rollout. Indian J Med Res 2022; 155:451-460. [PMID: 35975352 PMCID: PMC9807211 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_668_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Globally, vaccination is considered as an important public health strategy to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the current study was to conduct an in-depth inquiry to explore perceptions of community members around COVID-19 vaccines in the southern city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. This was conducted during the early phase of the vaccine rollout programme in India. Methods A qualitative investigation was conducted between January-February 2021 through in-depth interviews. Healthcare workers, religious leaders, community influencers, local administrators and representatives of marginalized communities were included. The key informant interview guides and probes explored five domains; (i) vaccine availability, (ii) trust in COVID-19 vaccines, (iii) vaccine-related concerns, (iv) health/risk balance and (v) vaccine prioritization. Transcripted interviews were coded using a thematic approach and analyzed manually as well as with the help of ATLAS.ti 9 software. Results Eagerness to receive COVID-19 vaccines amongst some of the respondents was linked with freedom from fear, possible restoration of normalcy, protection of family and ability to travel and work abroad. Concerns around threat of emergence of new variants, damage caused by such viral mutants and trust in policymakers were other facilitatory influencers for vaccine uptake. On the other hand, doubts surrounding safety and fear of side effects of COVID-19 vaccine were the feeders to vaccine hesitancy. Lack of accurate information, sensational media reports and rumours exacerbated this fear and provoked anxiety among people. Apprehensions around COVID-19 vaccine in the wake of its rapid development and approval for use and reluctance to take it during the declining phase of the epidemic were identified as other inhibitory factors. Participants underlined the importance of having responsive communication strategies in place focussing on vaccine safety. Making vaccines available to people free of cost and ensuring wider access were other programmatic suggestions. Interpretation & conclusions In conclusion, our study findings suggest that it is essential to remain engaged with communities and execute evidence-based information dissemination strategy about the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. We identified that it is also imperative to sensitize and train media professionals on how to report side effects related to vaccines. Responsive communication strategies will thus have the potential to serve as a key public health approach pertaining to future pandemic preparedness as well as to manage the demands of clinical and public health issues in an ongoing pandemic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar
- ICMR School of Public Health, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaprakasam Madhumathi
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - K. Gayathri
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amanda G.A. Rozario
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Vijayaprabha
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Balusamy
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harshal Sonekar
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India,For correspondence: Dr Samiran Panda, (Former) Additional Director General, Indian Council of Medical Research, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, P.O. Box No. 4911, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India e-mail:
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Ganakumar V, Jethwani P, Roy A, Shukla R, Mittal M, Garg MK. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) temporally related to COVID-19 vaccination. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102371. [PMID: 34954484 PMCID: PMC8687715 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has claimed millions of lives since its first identification in December 2019. Patients with diabetes are at a high risk of adverse outcomes after COVID-19 infection, whereas infection itself can be associated with severe hyperglycemia, including hyperglycemic emergencies. While the accelerated vaccine development and rollout have considerably decreased morbidity and mortality with reasonable safety, there are emerging reports of worsening of hyperglycemia in response to vaccination, with possible shared pathophysiology with COVID-19 infection-related hyperglycemia. We hereby report two young patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) who presented with severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) after receiving second doses of COVISHIELD (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) and COVAXIN (BBV152- inactivated whole virion) vaccines. Though a causal link cannot be established, post-vaccination immune response can potentially explain this transient worsening of hyperglycemia and hyperglycemic emergencies. We, hence report diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) following COVID-19 vaccination in T1DM. We suggest that people with diabetes, particularly patients with T1DM with inadequate glycemic control should ideally be closely monitored for hyperglycemia and ketonemia for at least 2 weeks after receiving vaccination for COVID 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanishri Ganakumar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Parth Jethwani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Ayan Roy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India.
| | - Ravindra Shukla
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Madhukar Mittal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Garg
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
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Choudhary OP, Priyanka, Ahmed JQ, Mohammed TA, Singh I, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination against COVID-19: is it safe and reliable? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5135-5138. [PMID: 34898381 PMCID: PMC8726007 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2007015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the globe, many nations are struggling to cope with the consecutive waves of the COVID-19. Several vaccines have been employed to overcome this ongoing pandemic and are available as single and double-dose inoculations; however, homologous vaccine efficacy is being reconsidered due to the rapidly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Many studies have been conducted on the heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens and have shown good efficacy results against COVID-19. This article aims to highlight the safety and reliability of heterologous prime-boost vaccination against COVID-19. We have also made some recommendations towards using these combinations of vaccines for the global mitigation of the subsequent waves of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, India
| | - Priyanka
- Independent Researcher, 07, Type IV Quarter, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, India
| | - Jivan Q Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Teroj A Mohammed
- Dental Basic Science Department, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Indraj Singh
- Community Health Centre, Deoband, Saharanpur, India
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigacion Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Colombia.,Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
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