1
|
MacEwan SR, Rahurkar S, Tarver WL, Gaughan AA, Rush LJ, Schamess A, McAlearney AS. COVID-19 vaccination perspectives among patients with Long COVID: A qualitative study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2327663. [PMID: 38532547 PMCID: PMC10978020 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2327663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals who have Long COVID may have unique perspectives about COVID-19 vaccination due to the significant impact that COVID-19 has had on their lives. However, little is known about the specific vaccination perspectives among this patient population. The goal of our study was to improve our understanding of perspectives about COVID-19 vaccines among individuals with Long COVID. Interviews were conducted with patients receiving care at a post-COVID recovery clinic. Deductive thematic analysis was used to characterize participant perspectives according to the vaccine acceptance continuum framework, which recognizes a spectrum from vaccine acceptance to refusal. From interviews with 21 patients, we identified perspectives across the continuum of vaccine acceptance. These perspectives included acceptance of vaccines to prevent future illness, concerns about vaccine side effects on Long COVID symptoms, and refusal of vaccines due to perceived natural immunity. A limitation of our study is that these perspectives are specific to individuals receiving care at one post-COVID recovery clinic. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that some patients with Long COVID are uncertain about COVID-19 vaccines and boosters but may also be amenable to conversations that impact future vaccination acceptance. Patient perspectives should be considered when communicating recommendations for COVID-19 vaccinations to this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. MacEwan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking in Health Services and Implementation Science Research (CATALYST), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Saurabh Rahurkar
- Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking in Health Services and Implementation Science Research (CATALYST), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Willi L. Tarver
- Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking in Health Services and Implementation Science Research (CATALYST), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alice A. Gaughan
- Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking in Health Services and Implementation Science Research (CATALYST), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura J. Rush
- Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking in Health Services and Implementation Science Research (CATALYST), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Schamess
- Division of General Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ann Scheck McAlearney
- Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking in Health Services and Implementation Science Research (CATALYST), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dionne M, Rochette L, Hamel D, Dube È. Change in intention and hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccines in a cohort of adults in Quebec during the pandemic. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2309006. [PMID: 38347660 PMCID: PMC10865925 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2309006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 vaccine uptake was high in Quebec for the primary series, vaccine acceptance decreased for the subsequent booster doses. This article presents the evolution of vaccine intention, self-reported vaccination behaviors, and vaccine hesitancy over 2 years. A series of cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Quebec between March 2020 and March 2023, with a representative sample of 3,330 adults recruited biweekly via a Web panel. Panelists could have answered multiple times over the course of the project. A cohort of respondents was created to assess how attitudes and behaviors about COVID-19 vaccines evolved. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Among the 1,914 individuals with no or low intention of getting vaccinated in Fall 2021 (Period 1), 1,476 (77%) reported having received at least two doses in the Winter 2023 (Period 2). Not believing in conspiracy theory (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.65-2.64), being worried about catching COVID-19 (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.65-2.73) and not living in a rural area (ORs of other areas are 2.27, 95% CI: 1.58-3.28; 1.66, 95% CI: 1.23-2.26; 1.82 95% CI: 1.23-2.73) were the three main factors associated with being vaccinated at Period 2. Among the 11,117 individuals not hesitant at Period 1, 1,335 (12%) became hesitant at Period 2. The three main factors significantly associated with becoming vaccine hesitant were the adherence to conspiracy theories (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.95-2.66), being a female (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.48-1.90) and being younger than 65 years old (the ORs for 18-34, 35-49, and 50-64 compared with 65 and over are 2.82, 95% CI: 2.32-3.44; 2.39, 95% CI: 2.00-2.86 and 1.82, 95% CI: 1.55-2.15 respectively). As the pandemic is over, monitoring the evolution of vaccine attitudes and uptake will be important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Dionne
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Rochette
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Hamel
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Ève Dube
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
- Maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Y, Miller H, Byazrova MG, Cndotti F, Benlagha K, Camara NOS, Shi J, Forsman H, Lee P, Yang L, Filatov A, Zhai Z, Liu C. The characterization of CD8 + T-cell responses in COVID-19. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2287118. [PMID: 37990907 PMCID: PMC10786432 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2287118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of the protective role of CD8+ T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The cross-reactive responses intermediated by CD8+ T cells in unexposed cohorts are described. Additionally, the relevance of resident CD8+ T cells in the upper and lower airway during infection and CD8+ T-cell responses following vaccination are discussed, including recent worrisome breakthrough infections and variants of concerns (VOCs). Lastly, we explain the correlation between CD8+ T cells and COVID-19 severity. This review aids in a deeper comprehension of the association between CD8+ T cells and SARS-CoV-2 and broadens a vision for future exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heather Miller
- Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, USA
| | - Maria G. Byazrova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fabio Cndotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junming Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alexander Filatov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Korchinski I, Marquez C, McClymont E, Av-Gay G, Andrade J, Elwood C, Jassem A, Krajden M, Morshed M, Sadarangani M, Tanunliong G, Sekirov I, Money D. Maternal-infant transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies following vaccination in pregnancy: A prospective cohort study. Vaccine 2024; 42:126123. [PMID: 38981741 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure and evaluate the impact of receiving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in pregnancy on immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) titres in maternal and infant samples. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary obstetric centre. POPULATION OR SAMPLE 52 pregnant women who received one or more SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses during pregnancy and their neonates. METHODS IgG and IgA concentrations against SARS-CoV-2 antigens were measured from samples collected at delivery and 4-6 weeks postpartum and compared using Spearman correlations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Maternal and infant IgG and IgA titres in response to vaccination and infection in pregnancy. RESULTS In maternal serum collected at delivery, participants without evidence of prior infection who received 3 + doses of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine had higher Anti-Spike (S) IgG geometric mean concentrations (log10 AU/mL)(GMC) than those who received 2 doses (3 + Doses = 5.00, 2 Doses = 4.60, p = 0.08). The differences in IgG Anti-S GMC were statistically significant in cord serum, and in postpartum samples of maternal serum, infant serum and breast milk (Cord GMCs: 3 + Doses = 5.32, 2 Doses = 4.98, p < 0.05; Postpartum maternal serum GMCs: 3 + Doses = 5.25, 2 Doses = 4.57, p < 0.001; Postpartum infant serum GMCs: 3 + Doses = 5.10, 2 Doses = 4.72, p = 0.03; Postpartum breast milk GMCs: 3 + Doses = 2.61, 2 Doses = 1.94, p < 0.0001). Among participants with 3 + Doses, those with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection had statistically significant higher anti-S IgG GMCs than those without prior infection (Maternal serum at delivery: SARS-CoV-2+=5.65, SARS-CoV-2-=5.00, p = 0.004; Cord: SARS-CoV-2+=5.68, SARS-CoV-2-=5.32, p = 0.02; Postpartum maternal serum: SARS-CoV-2+=5.66, SARS-CoV-2-=5.25, p < 0.001; postpartum infant serum: SARS-CoV-2+=5.50, SARS-CoV-2-=5.10, p = 0.003; Postpartum breast milk: SARS-COV-2+=3.25, SARS-COV-2-=2.61, p = 0.009). Significant positive correlations were found for anti-S IgG titres between paired maternal and infant samples at delivery and postpartum (Delivery: R = 0.91, p < 0.001; postpartum: R = 0.86, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Receipt of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 infection elicit strong IgG and IgA antibody responses in pregnant women with evidence of transplacental transfer to the fetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Korchinski
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C Marquez
- British Columbia Center for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
| | - E McClymont
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G Av-Gay
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Andrade
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C Elwood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A Jassem
- British Columbia Center for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M Krajden
- British Columbia Center for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M Morshed
- British Columbia Center for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M Sadarangani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G Tanunliong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - I Sekirov
- British Columbia Center for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Money
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toh ZQ, Anderson J, Mazarakis N, Quah L, Nguyen J, Higgins RA, Do LAH, Ng YY, Jalali S, Neeland MR, McMinn A, Saffery R, McNab S, McVernon J, Marcato A, Burgner DP, Curtis N, Steer AC, Mulholland K, Pellicci DG, Crawford NW, Tosif S, Licciardi PV. Humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated children following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e70008. [PMID: 39364394 PMCID: PMC11447454 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.70008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The immune response in children elicited by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection alone or in combination with COVID-19 vaccination (hybrid immunity) is poorly understood. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in unvaccinated children and children who were previously vaccinated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Methods Participants were recruited as part of a household cohort study conducted during the Omicron predominant wave (Jan to July 2022) in Victoria, Australia. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following COVID-19 diagnosis. Humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins from Wuhan, Omicron BA.1, BA.4/5 and JN.1, as well as cellular immune responses to Wuhan and BA.1 were assessed. Results A total of 43 children and 113 samples were included in the analysis. Following Omicron infection, unvaccinated children generated low antibody responses but elicited Spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses. In contrast, vaccinated children infected with the Omicron variant mounted robust humoral and cellular immune responses to both ancestral strain and Omicron subvariants. Hybrid immunity persisted for at least 6 months post infection, with cellular immune memory characterised by the generation of Spike-specific polyfunctional CD8 T-cell responses. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity in children is characterised by persisting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and robust CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation and polyfunctional responses. Our findings contribute to understanding hybrid immunity in children and may have implications regarding COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 re-infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Nadia Mazarakis
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Leanne Quah
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Jill Nguyen
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Rachel A Higgins
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Yan Yung Ng
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Sedi Jalali
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Alissa McMinn
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Sarah McNab
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of General Medicine The Royal Children's Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Jodie McVernon
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Adrian Marcato
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of General Medicine The Royal Children's Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of General Medicine The Royal Children's Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of General Medicine The Royal Children's Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of General Medicine The Royal Children's Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of General Medicine The Royal Children's Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang XS, Windau A, Meyers J, Yang X, Dong F. Diversified humoral immunity and impacts of booster vaccines: SARS-CoV-2 antibody profile and Omicron BA.2 neutralization before and after first or second boosters. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0060524. [PMID: 39162540 PMCID: PMC11448022 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00605-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate humoral immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and assess the impact of booster vaccines. We recruited individuals scheduled to receive either the first (original formula) or the second (bivalent) booster following the initial two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We tested for IgG antibodies targeting the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), S1, S2, and nucleocapsid protein, as well as for neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.2, before and 14-28 days after receiving the boosters. One year after receiving the initial series of vaccinations, all participants maintained anti-RBD/S1 antibodies. However, levels were lower in individuals who were vaccinated only compared to those who had both vaccination and prior infection (hybrid immunity). Participants with hybrid immunity also showed higher retention of neutralizing antibodies (93% compared to 24% in vaccine-only individuals). Even before receiving any booster shots, participants with hybrid immunity had antibody levels similar to those of vaccine-only individuals after their first booster. After receiving booster shots, antibody levels at 14-28 days were similar regardless of the number of boosters or the type of immunity. About 1 year after the first booster, all participants maintained neutralizing antibodies, and vaccine-only individuals retained about 10 times higher levels of binding antibodies than those without a booster. Humoral immunity varies widely among individuals, and vaccination planning should consider both vaccination and infection history. Boosters are beneficial for increasing antibody levels to ensure sufficient protection against infection and helping bridge the immunity gap between vaccine-only and hybrid immunity.IMPORTANCEAs we move into the era of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine boosters and shifting from pandemic to endemic, the landscape has changed for both the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and population immunity. Even though recent waves of infection have been clinically milder than earlier variants due to the high levels of population immunity and the properties of the Omicron subvariants, vaccination remains crucial for managing COVID-19 in the post-pandemic era. Our study unveils significant variations in the retention of anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding antibody profiles and neutralizing antibody levels 1 year after the primary and the first booster mRNA vaccination. It adds new information regarding how boosters change antibody levels and durability in individuals with hybrid (vaccination plus infection) or vaccine-only (never-infected) immunity. The findings can shed light on future vaccination planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Susan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anne Windau
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jamie Meyers
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Feng Dong
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vránová L, Poláková I, Vaníková Š, Saláková M, Musil J, Vaníčková M, Vencálek O, Holub M, Bohoněk M, Řezáč D, Dresler J, Tachezy R, Šmahel M. Multiparametric analysis of the specific immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:851-869. [PMID: 38805304 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2358379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has killed more than 7 million people worldwide. Understanding the development of postinfectious and postvaccination immune responses is necessary for effective treatment and the introduction of appropriate antipandemic measures. OBJECTIVES We analysed humoral and cell-mediated anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses to spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and open reading frame (O) proteins in individuals collected up to 1.5 years after COVID-19 onset and evaluated immune memory. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum were collected from patients after COVID-19. Sampling was performed in two rounds: 3-6 months after infection and after another year. Most of the patients were vaccinated between samplings. SARS-CoV-2-seronegative donors served as controls. ELISpot assays were used to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells using peptide pools (S, NMO) or recombinant proteins (rS, rN), respectively. A CEF peptide pool consisting of selected viral epitopes was applied to assess the antiviral T-cell response. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected via ELISA and a surrogate virus neutralisation assay. RESULTS We confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the establishment of long-term memory IgG+ B cells and memory T cells. We also found that vaccination enhanced the levels of anti-S memory B and T cells. Multivariate comparison also revealed the benefit of repeated vaccination. Interestingly, the T-cell response to CEF was lower in patients than in controls. CONCLUSION This study supports the importance of repeated vaccination for enhancing immunity and suggests a possible long-term perturbation of the overall antiviral immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vránová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid Poláková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Vaníková
- Department of Immunomonitoring and Flow Cytometry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Saláková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Musil
- Department of Immunomonitoring and Flow Cytometry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vaníčková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vencálek
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holub
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Military University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Bohoněk
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Řezáč
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Military University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dresler
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ruth Tachezy
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šmahel
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Murphy QM, Lewis GK, Sajadi MM, Forde JE, Ciupe SM. Understanding antibody magnitude and durability following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Math Biosci 2024; 376:109274. [PMID: 39218212 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) results in transient antibody response against the spike protein. The individual immune status at the time of vaccination influences the response. Using mathematical models of antibody decay, we determined the dynamics of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) over time. Data fitting to longitudinal IgG and IgA titers was used to quantify differences in antibody magnitude and antibody duration among infection-naïve and infection-positive vaccinees. We found that prior infections result in more durable serum IgG and serum IgA responses, with prior symptomatic infections resulting in the most durable serum IgG response and prior asymptomatic infections resulting in the most durable serum IgA response. These findings can guide vaccine boosting schedules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quiyana M Murphy
- Department of Mathematics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 225 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, 24060, VA, USA; Virginia Tech Center for the Mathematics of Biosystems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - George K Lewis
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad M Sajadi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan E Forde
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Stanca M Ciupe
- Department of Mathematics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 225 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, 24060, VA, USA; Virginia Tech Center for the Mathematics of Biosystems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Quek AML, Wang S, Teng O, Shunmuganathan B, Er BGC, Mahmud NFB, Ng IXQ, Gupta R, Tan ISL, Tan NY, Qian X, Purushotorman K, Teoh HL, Ng KWP, Goh Y, Soon DTL, Tay SH, Teng GG, Ma M, Chandran NS, Hartono JL, MacAry PA, Seet RCS. Hybrid immunity augments cross-variant protection against COVID-19 among immunocompromised individuals. J Infect 2024; 89:106238. [PMID: 39121971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection differs considerably among individuals. We investigate the critical pathways that influence vaccine-induced cross-variant serological immunity among individuals at high-risk of COVID-19 complications. METHODS Neutralizing antibodies to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants (Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron) were analyzed in patients with autoimmune diseases, chronic comorbidities (multimorbidity), and healthy controls. Antibody levels were assessed at baseline and at different intervals up to 12 months following primary and booster vaccination with either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Immunity induced by vaccination with and without infection (hybrid immunity) was compared with that of unvaccinated individuals with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Plasma cytokines were analyzed to investigate variations in antibody production following vaccination. RESULTS Patients with autoimmune diseases (n = 137) produced lesser antibodies to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants compared with those in the multimorbidity (n = 153) and healthy groups (n = 229); antibody levels were significantly lower in patients with neuromyelitis optica and those on prednisolone, mycophenolate or rituximab treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified neuromyelitis optica (odds ratio 8.20, 95% CI 1.68-39.9) and mycophenolate (13.69, 3.78-49.5) as significant predictors of a poorer antibody response to vaccination (i.e, neutralizing antibody <40%). Infected participants exhibited antibody levels that were 28.7% higher (95% CI 24.7-32.7) compared to non-infected participants six months after receiving a booster vaccination. Individuals infected during the Delta outbreak generated cross-protective neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant in quantities comparable to those observed after infection with the Omicron variant itself. In contrast, unvaccinated individuals recently infected with the wild-type (n = 2390) consistently displayed lower levels of neutralizing antibodies against both the wild-type virus and other variants. Pathway analyses suggested an inverse relationship between baseline T cell subsets and antibody production following vaccination. CONCLUSION Hybrid immunity confers a robust protection against COVID-19 among immunocompromised individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy May Lin Quek
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Suqing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ooiean Teng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bhuvaneshwari Shunmuganathan
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernadette Guek Cheng Er
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Nor Fa'izah Binte Mahmud
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Isabel Xue Qi Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rashi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Siang Ling Tan
- Cambridge-NUS Cell Phenotyping Center, Center for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nikki Yj Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinlei Qian
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kiren Purushotorman
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hock Luen Teoh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kay Wei Ping Ng
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yihui Goh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Derek Tuck Loong Soon
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sen Hee Tay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Gim Gee Teng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Margaret Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Nisha Suyien Chandran
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Juanda Leo Hartono
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Paul A MacAry
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cambridge-NUS Cell Phenotyping Center, Center for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Chee Seong Seet
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Inizan C, Courtot A, Sturmach C, Griffon AF, Biron A, Bruel T, Enouf V, Demaneuf T, Munier S, Schwartz O, Gourinat AC, Médevielle G, Jouan M, van der Werf S, Madec Y, Albert-Dunais V, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M. Levels and functionality of Pacific Islanders' hybrid humoral immune response to BNT162b2 vaccination and delta/omicron infection: A cohort study in New Caledonia. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004397. [PMID: 39325828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pacific Islanders are underrepresented in vaccine efficacy trials. Few studies describe their immune response to COVID-19 vaccination. Yet, this characterization is crucial to re-enforce vaccination strategies adapted to Pacific Islanders singularities. METHODS AND FINDINGS We evaluated the humoral immune response of 585 adults, self-declaring as Melanesians, Europeans, Polynesians, or belonging to other communities, to the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine. Anti-spike and anti-nucleoprotein IgG levels, and their capacity to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants and to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were assessed across communities at 1 and 3 months post-second dose or 1 and 6 months post-third dose. All sera tested contained anti-spike antibodies and 61.3% contained anti-nucleoprotein antibodies, evidencing mostly a hybrid immunity resulting from vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection. At 1-month postimmunization, the 4 ethnic communities exhibited no significant differences in their anti-spike IgG levels (p value = 0.17, in an univariate linear regression model), in their capacity to mediate omicron neutralization (p value = 0.59 and 0.60, in an univariate logistic regression model at 1-month after the second and third dose, respectively) and in their capacity to mediate ADCC (p value = 0.069 in a multivariate linear regression model), regardless of the infection status. Anti-spike IgG levels and functionalities of the hybrid humoral immune response remained equivalent across the 4 ethnic communities during follow-up and at 6 months post-third dose. CONCLUSIONS Our study evidenced Pacific Islander's robust humoral immune response to Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine, which is pivotal to re-enforce vaccination deployment in a population at risk for severe COVID-19 (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05135585). TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial has been register in ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05135585).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Inizan
- Dengue and Arboviroses - Research and Expertise Unit - Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia - Pasteur Network, Dumbéa-sur-Mer, New Caledonia
| | - Adrien Courtot
- Provincial Office for Health and Social Action of the South Province (Direction Provinciale de l'Action Sanitaire et Sociale en Province Sud), Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Chloé Sturmach
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Fleur Griffon
- Dengue and Arboviroses - Research and Expertise Unit - Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia - Pasteur Network, Dumbéa-sur-Mer, New Caledonia
| | - Antoine Biron
- New Caledonia Territorial Hospital, Dumbéa-sur-Mer, New Caledonia
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Antiviral Activities of Antibodies Group, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Enouf
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Demaneuf
- Social and Sanitary Agency of New Caledonia (Agence Sanitaire et Sociale de Nouvelle-Calédonie), Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Sandie Munier
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | | | - Georges Médevielle
- Provincial Office for Health and Social Action of the South Province (Direction Provinciale de l'Action Sanitaire et Sociale en Province Sud), Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Marc Jouan
- Dengue and Arboviroses - Research and Expertise Unit - Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia - Pasteur Network, Dumbéa-sur-Mer, New Caledonia
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- Dengue and Arboviroses - Research and Expertise Unit - Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia - Pasteur Network, Dumbéa-sur-Mer, New Caledonia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Levchenko M, Parkin M, McEntyre J, Harrison M. Enabling preprint discovery, evaluation, and analysis with Europe PMC. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303005. [PMID: 39325770 PMCID: PMC11426508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Preprints provide an indispensable tool for rapid and open communication of early research findings. Preprints can also be revised and improved based on scientific commentary uncoupled from journal-organised peer review. The uptake of preprints in the life sciences has increased significantly in recent years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, when immediate access to research findings became crucial to address the global health emergency. With ongoing expansion of new preprint servers, improving discoverability of preprints is a necessary step to facilitate wider sharing of the science reported in preprints. To address the challenges of preprint visibility and reuse, Europe PMC, an open database of life science literature, began indexing preprint abstracts and metadata from several platforms in July 2018. Since then, Europe PMC has continued to increase coverage through addition of new servers, and expanded its preprint initiative to include the full text of preprints related to COVID-19 in July 2020 and then the full text of preprints supported by the Europe PMC funder consortium in April 2022. The preprint collection can be searched via the website and programmatically, with abstracts and the open access full text of COVID-19 and Europe PMC funder preprint subsets available for bulk download in a standard machine-readable JATS XML format. This enables automated information extraction for large-scale analyses of the preprint corpus, accelerating scientific research of the preprint literature itself. This publication describes steps taken to build trust, improve discoverability, and support reuse of life science preprints in Europe PMC. Here we discuss the benefits of indexing preprints alongside peer-reviewed publications, and challenges associated with this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Levchenko
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Parkin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna McEntyre
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Harrison
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Figueroa AL, Torres D, Reyes-Acuna C, Matherne P, Yeakey A, Deng W, Xu W, Sigal Y, Chambers G, Olsen M, Girard B, Miller JM, Das R, Priddy F. Safety and immunogenicity of a single-dose omicron-containing COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents: an open-label, single-arm, phase 2/3 trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024:S1473-3099(24)00501-2. [PMID: 39332418 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most individuals show immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from vaccination or infection, or both. We aimed to determine the safety and immunogenicity of an omicron-containing COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1273.222) in vaccine-naive adolescents who were SARS-CoV-2 positive. METHODS Part 3 of the phase 2/3 TeenCOVE trial was a phase 3, open-label, single-arm part done in the USA and the Dominican Republic that enrolled healthy, vaccine-naive adolescents (aged 12-17 years) to receive two 50 μg doses of mRNA-1273.222 (ancestral strain Wuhan-Hu-1 and omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5), 6 months apart. Primary reactogenicity and safety outcomes included assessment of solicited local or systemic adverse reactions 7 days after vaccination, and unsolicited and prespecified adverse events throughout study participation. Inferred effectiveness (primary immunogenicity outcome) was established by comparing neutralising antibody responses 28 days after dose 1 of mRNA-1273.222 in SARS-CoV-2-positive adolescents with responses 28 days after dose 2 of mRNA-1273 100 μg primary series in SARS-CoV-2-negative young adults (aged 18-25 years) from the COVE trial. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04649151). FINDINGS Between Dec 21, 2022, and June 5, 2023, 379 adolescents (378 of whom were SARS-CoV-2 positive) received at least one mRNA-1273.222 dose and were included in the safety analysis set. The reactogenicity profile was favourable compared with the mRNA-1273 primary series, with no new safety concerns identified. Unsolicited adverse events were reported in 49 (13%) of 379 participants; no deaths or adverse events leading to study discontinuation were reported. The immunogenicity set included 245 adolescents from the per-protocol immunogenicity subset who were SARS-CoV-2 positive at baseline and 296 young adults who were SARS-CoV-2 negative. Compared with the mRNA-1273 primary series in SARS-CoV-2-negative young adults, a single dose of mRNA-1273.222 induced superior (geometric mean ratio [GMR] 95% CI lower bound >1) neutralising antibody responses against omicron BA.4 and BA.5 (GMR 48·95 [95% CI 44·21-54·21]) and non-inferior (GMR 95% CI lower bound >0·667) neutralising antibody responses against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (GMR 4·25 [95% CI 3·69-4·88]) in SARS-CoV-2-positive adolescents. INTERPRETATION In vaccine-naive, SARS-CoV-2-positive adolescents, single-dose mRNA-1273.222 was effective against COVID-19 based on successful immunobridging to the two-dose mRNA-1273 primary series in young adults. The findings support a simplified single-dose vaccination schedule with variant-containing mRNA vaccines, regardless of previous vaccination status. FUNDING Moderna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dania Torres
- Hospital General Regional Dr Marcelino Velez Santana, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Adiprasito JB, Nowacki T, Vollenberg R, Meier JA, Rennebaum F, Schomacher T, Trebicka J, Fischer J, Lorentzen EU, Tepasse PR. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Enhances Humoral Immune Response in Vaccinated Liver Transplant Recipients. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:78. [PMID: 39329897 PMCID: PMC11428549 DOI: 10.3390/antib13030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the spring of 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presented a formidable challenge to national and global healthcare systems. Immunocompromised individuals or those with relevant pre-existing conditions were particularly at risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, understanding the immunological processes in these patient groups is crucial for current research. This study aimed to investigate humoral immunity following vaccination and infection in liver transplant recipients. Humoral immunity analysis involved measuring IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S IgG) and employing a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) for assessing the hACE2 receptor-binding inhibitory capacity of antibodies. The study revealed that humoral immunity post-vaccination is well established, with positive results for anti-S IgG in 92.9% of the total study cohort. Vaccinated and SARS-CoV-2-infected patients exhibited significantly higher anti-S IgG levels compared to vaccinated, non-infected patients (18,590 AU/mL vs. 2320 AU/mL, p < 0.001). Additionally, a significantly elevated receptor-binding inhibitory capacity was observed in the cPassTMTM sVNT (96.4% vs. 91.8%, p = 0.004). Furthermore, a substantial enhancement of anti-S IgG levels (p = 0.034) and receptor-binding inhibition capacity (p < 0.001) was observed with an increasing interval post-transplantation (up to 30 years), calculated by generalized linear model analysis. In summary, fully vaccinated liver transplant recipients exhibit robust humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2, which significantly intensifies following infection and with increasing time after transplantation. These findings should be considered for booster vaccination schemes for liver transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Basri Adiprasito
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Tobias Nowacki
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Marienhospital Steinfurt, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Richard Vollenberg
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Jörn Arne Meier
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Florian Rennebaum
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Tina Schomacher
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Julia Fischer
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Eva U Lorentzen
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Phil-Robin Tepasse
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cerqueira-Silva T, Boaventura VS, Pearce N, Barral-Netto M. Indirect effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in the pre-omicron and omicron periods: A nation-wide test-negative case-control study in Brazil. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 148:107241. [PMID: 39303761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mass COVID-19 immunization campaigns altered the pandemic's progress by protecting the vaccine recipient and reducing transmission. However, evidence for indirect vaccine effectiveness (IVE) is limited due to the difficulties of ascertaining this type of protection. METHODS Using linked national Brazilian databases, we adapted the test-negative design to evaluate the IVE against symptomatic infection. We analyzed data from January 1 to December 1, 2021 (pre-omicron) and January 1 to April 30, 2022 (omicron BA.1 and BA.2). We compared the probability of testing positive across various levels of second ancestral-strain monovalent COVID-19 vaccine dose coverage, including only unvaccinated individuals in the main analysis and both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in additional analyses. Sensitivity analysis focused on children younger than 12 years who did not have access to COVID-19 vaccines during the pre-omicron period. RESULTS We included 11,039,315 unvaccinated individuals tested during the pre-omicron study period. IVE was minimal until 30% vaccination coverage (<10%), then it followed a dose-dependent pattern, peaking at 37.7 (95% confidence interval 32-42.8) at 70% coverage. For children younger than 12 years, IVE peaked at 59.8% (95% confidence interval 52.7-65.9) at 70% coverage. During the omicron period, IVE remained constant at about 5% across all comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that high vaccination coverage using vaccines that prevent infection indirectly protects the community. However, IVE was substantially higher during the pre-omicron period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Cerqueira-Silva
- Laboratório de Medicina e Saúde Pública de Precisão, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Viviane S Boaventura
- Laboratório de Medicina e Saúde Pública de Precisão, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Neil Pearce
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Laboratório de Medicina e Saúde Pública de Precisão, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Koirala A, McRae J, Britton PN, Downes M, Prasad SA, Nicholson S, Winkler NE, O'Sullivan MVN, Gondalwala F, Castellano C, Carey E, Hendry A, Crawford N, Wadia U, Richmond P, Marshall HS, Clark JE, Francis JR, Carr J, Bartlett A, McMullan B, Skowno J, Hannah D, Davidson A, von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Lee-Archer P, Burgoyne LL, Waugh EB, Carlin JB, Naing Z, Kerly N, McMinn A, Hunter G, Heath C, D'Angelo N, Finucane C, Francis LA, Dougherty S, Rawlinson W, Karapanagiotidis T, Cain N, Brizuela R, Blyth CC, Wood N, Macartney K. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in Australian children: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300555. [PMID: 39292730 PMCID: PMC11410239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following reduction of public health and social measures concurrent with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron emergence in late 2021 in Australia, COVID-19 case notification rates rose rapidly. As rates of direct viral testing and reporting dropped, true infection rates were most likely to be underestimated. OBJECTIVE To better understand infection rates and immunity in this population, we aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Australians aged 0-19 years. METHODS We conducted a national cross sectional serosurvey from June 1, 2022, to August 31, 2022, in children aged 0-19 years undergoing an anesthetic procedure at eight tertiary pediatric hospitals. Participant questionnaires were administered, and blood samples tested using the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 total spike and nucleocapsid antibody assays. Spike and nucleocapsid seroprevalence adjusted for geographic and socioeconomic imbalances in the participant sample compared to the Australian population was estimated using multilevel regression and poststratification within a Bayesian framework. RESULTS Blood was collected from 2,046 participants (median age: 6.6 years). The overall adjusted seroprevalence of spike-antibody was 92.1% (95% credible interval (CrI) 91.0-93.3%) and nucleocapsid-antibody was 67.0% (95% CrI 64.6-69.3). In unvaccinated children spike and nucleocapsid antibody seroprevalences were 84.2% (95% CrI 81.9-86.5) and 67.1% (95%CrI 64.0-69.8), respectively. Seroprevalence was similar across geographic remoteness index and socioeconomic quintiles. Nucleocapsid antibody seroprevalence increased with age while the point seroprevalence of the spike antibody seroprevalence decreased in the first year of life and then increased to 97.8 (95% Crl 96.1-99.2) by 12-15 years of age. CONCLUSION Most Australian children and adolescents aged 0-19 years, across all jurisdictions were infected with SARS-CoV-2 by August 2022, suggesting rapid and uniform spread across the population in a very short time period. High seropositivity in unvaccinated children informed COVID-19 vaccine recommendations in Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Koirala
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Jocelynne McRae
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip N Britton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Marnie Downes
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shayal A Prasad
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Suellen Nicholson
- Infectious Diseases Serology, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Noni E Winkler
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew V N O'Sullivan
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Pathology, Westmead, Australia
| | - Fatima Gondalwala
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecile Castellano
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Carey
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra Hendry
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Crawford
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ushma Wadia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccine and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Richmond
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccine and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Helen S Marshall
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaid, SA, Australia
| | - Julia E Clark
- Infection Management, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua R Francis
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Tiwi, NT, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, NT, Australia
| | - Jeremy Carr
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital Melbourne, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam Bartlett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendan McMullan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin Skowno
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Donald Hannah
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Davidson
- Melbourne Children's Trials Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Britta S von Ungern-Sternberg
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedland, WA, Australia
- Institute for Paediatric Perioperative Excellence, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Lee-Archer
- Department of Anaesthesia, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura L Burgoyne
- Department of Children's Anaesthesia, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Edith B Waugh
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, NT, Australia
| | - John B Carlin
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zin Naing
- Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), Department of Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology East, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole Kerly
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Alissa McMinn
- Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Vaccination In the Community (SAFEVIC), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guillian Hunter
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital Melbourne, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine Heath
- University Department of Paediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Natascha D'Angelo
- University Department of Paediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carolyn Finucane
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Laura A Francis
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, NT, Australia
| | - Sonia Dougherty
- Infectious Diseases Research, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - William Rawlinson
- Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), Department of Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology East, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Theo Karapanagiotidis
- Infectious Diseases Serology, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie Cain
- Infectious Diseases Serology, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rianne Brizuela
- Infectious Diseases Serology, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher C Blyth
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccine and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas Wood
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristine Macartney
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shiu EYC, Cheng SMS, Martín-Sánchez M, Au NYM, Chan KCK, Li JKC, Fung LWC, Luk LLH, Chaothai S, Kwan TC, Ip DKM, Leung GM, Poon LLM, Peiris JSM, Leung NHL, Cowling BJ. Durability for 12 months of antibody response to a booster dose of monovalent BNT162b2 in adults who had initially received 2 doses of inactivated vaccine. Vaccine 2024; 42:126317. [PMID: 39276621 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the strength and durability of antibody responses in 277 adults who received a heterologous third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine, following two doses of an inactivated vaccine. Neutralizing antibody levels against both the ancestral virus and Omicron BA.2 subvariant decreased from one month to 6 months after the third dose, and were then maintained at 12 months. Participants who received both a fourth dose and reported a SARS-CoV-2 infection had the highest antibody titers at 365 days after the third dose. Individuals with chronic medical conditions had lower antibody levels against the Omicron BA.2 subvariant at 12 months after the third dose. The results suggest that the heterologous third dose provides durable neutralizing antibody responses, which may be influenced by subsequent infection or vaccination and pre-existing medical conditions. These findings may help explain the differences in immune protection between vaccination and natural infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Y C Shiu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Samuel M S Cheng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Mario Martín-Sánchez
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Niki Y M Au
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Karl C K Chan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - John K C Li
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Lison W C Fung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Leo L H Luk
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sara Chaothai
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Tsz Chun Kwan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Dennis K M Ip
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Gabriel M Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Nancy H L Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China..
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bausch-Jurken M, Dawson RS, Ceddia F, Urdaneta V, Marks MA, Doi Y. A descriptive review on the real-world impact of Moderna, inc. COVID-19 vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024. [PMID: 39269429 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2402955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the original COVID-19 vaccines were developed, abundant clinical trial and real-world evidence evaluating the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of COVID-19 vaccines has been collected. Knowledge of the relative benefits and risks of COVID-19 vaccines is essential for building trust within target populations, ensuring they remain effectively and safely protected against an enduring infectious threat. AREAS COVERED This descriptive review discusses the benefits and risks associated with marketed Moderna, Inc. mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, focusing on their real-world effectiveness and safety profiles in various age groups. Adverse events of interest and potential benefits of vaccination are reviewed, including reduced risk for severe COVID-19 and long-term health outcomes, reduced economic and societal costs, and reduced risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. EXPERT OPINION Post-marketing safety and real-world data for Moderna, Inc. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines strongly support a positive benefit - risk profile favoring vaccination across all age groups. Although COVID-19 is no longer considered a global health pandemic, health risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection remain high. Concerted efforts are required to engage communities and maintain protection through vaccination. Continued surveillance of emerging variants and monitoring of vaccine safety and effectiveness are crucial for ensuring sustained protection against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yohei Doi
- Departments of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mvula M, Mtonga F, Mandolo J, Jowati C, Kalirani A, Chigamba P, Lisimba E, Mitole N, Chibwana MG, Jambo KC. Longevity of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in adults vaccinated with an adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:959. [PMID: 39266969 PMCID: PMC11391831 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybrid immunity provides better protection against COVID-19 than vaccination or prior natural infection alone. It induces high magnitude and broadly cross-reactive neutralising anti-Spike IgG antibodies. However, it is not clear how long these potent antibodies last, especially in the context of adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal cohort study and enrolled 20 adults who had received an adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine before a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We followed up the study participants for 390 days post the initial breakthrough infection. We assessed the longevity and cross-reactive breadth of serum antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron. RESULTS The binding anti-Spike IgG antibodies remained within the reported putative levels for at least 360 days and were cross-neutralising against Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. During the follow up period, a median of one SARS-CoV-2 re-infection event was observed across the cohort, but none resulted in severe COVID-19. Moreover, the re-exposure events were associated with augmented anti-Spike and anti-RBD IgG antibody titres. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that hybrid immunity provides durable broadly cross-reactive antibody immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern for at least a year (360 days), and that it is further augment by SARS-CoV-2 re-exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Memory Mvula
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Fatima Mtonga
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Jonathan Mandolo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chisomo Jowati
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Alice Kalirani
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Edwin Lisimba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Ndaona Mitole
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Marah G Chibwana
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Kondwani C Jambo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tamming L, Duque D, Tran A, Lansdell C, Frahm G, Wu J, Fekete EE, Creskey M, Thulasi Raman SN, Laryea E, Zhang W, Pfeifle A, Gravel C, Stalker A, Hashem AM, Chen W, Stuible M, Durocher Y, Safronetz D, Cao J, Wang L, Sauve S, Rosu-Myles M, Zhang X, Johnston MJ, Li X. Lipid nanoparticle encapsulation of a Delta spike-CD40L DNA vaccine improves effectiveness against Omicron challenge in Syrian hamsters. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101325. [PMID: 39309757 PMCID: PMC11416279 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of mRNA vaccines largely depends on their lipid nanoparticle (LNP) component. Herein, we investigate the effectiveness of DLin-KC2-DMA (KC2) and SM-102-based LNPs for the intramuscular delivery of a plasmid encoding B.1.617.2 (Delta) spike fused with CD40 ligand. LNP encapsulation of this CD40L-adjuvanted DNA vaccine with either LNP formulation drastically enhanced antibody responses, enabling neutralization of heterologous Omicron variants. The DNA-LNP formulations provided excellent protection from homologous challenge, reducing viral replication, and preventing histopathological changes in the pulmonary tissues. Moreover, the DNA-LNP vaccines maintained a high level of protection against heterologous Omicron BA.5 challenge despite a reduced neutralizing response. In addition, we observed that DNA-LNP vaccination led to the pulmonary downregulation of interferon signaling, interleukin-12 signaling, and macrophage response pathways following SARS-CoV-2 challenge, shedding some light on the mechanisms underlying the prevention of pulmonary injury. These results highlight the potential combination of molecular adjuvants with LNP-based vaccine delivery to induce greater and broader immune responses capable of preventing inflammatory damage and protecting against emerging variants. These findings could be informative for the future design of both DNA and mRNA vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levi Tamming
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Diana Duque
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Anh Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Casey Lansdell
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Grant Frahm
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Emily E.F. Fekete
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Marybeth Creskey
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Sathya N. Thulasi Raman
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Laryea
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Wanyue Zhang
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Annabelle Pfeifle
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Caroline Gravel
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Stalker
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Jingxin Cao
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Simon Sauve
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michael Rosu-Myles
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michael J.W. Johnston
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang B, Fong Y, Fintzi J, Chu E, Janes HE, Kenny A, Carone M, Benkeser D, van der Laan LWP, Deng W, Zhou H, Wang X, Lu Y, Yu C, Borate B, Chen H, Reeder I, Carpp LN, Houchens CR, Martins K, Jayashankar L, Huynh C, Fichtenbaum CJ, Kalams S, Gay CL, Andrasik MP, Kublin JG, Corey L, Neuzil KM, Priddy F, Das R, Girard B, El Sahly HM, Baden LR, Jones T, Donis RO, Koup RA, Gilbert PB, Follmann D. Omicron COVID-19 immune correlates analysis of a third dose of mRNA-1273 in the COVE trial. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7954. [PMID: 39261482 PMCID: PMC11390939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the phase 3 Coronavirus Efficacy (COVE) trial (NCT04470427), post-dose two Ancestral Spike-specific binding (bAb) and neutralizing (nAb) antibodies were shown to be correlates of risk (CoR) and of protection against Ancestral-lineage COVID-19 in SARS-CoV-2 naive participants. In the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron era, Omicron subvariants with varying degrees of immune escape now dominate, seropositivity rates are high, and booster doses are administered, raising questions on whether and how these developments affect the bAb and nAb correlates. To address these questions, we assess post-boost BA.1 Spike-specific bAbs and nAbs as CoRs and as correlates of booster efficacy in COVE. For naive individuals, bAbs and nAbs inversely correlate with Omicron COVID-19: hazard ratios (HR) per 10-fold marker increase (95% confidence interval) are 0.16 (0.03, 0.79) and 0.31 (0.10, 0.96), respectively. In non-naive individuals the analogous results are similar: 0.15 (0.04, 0.63) and 0.28 (0.07, 1.08). For naive individuals, three vs two-dose booster efficacy correlates with predicted nAb titer at exposure, with estimates -8% (-126%, 48%), 50% (25%, 67%), and 74% (49%, 87%), at 56, 251, and 891 Arbitrary Units/ml. These results support the continued use of antibody as a surrogate endpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Youyi Fong
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan Fintzi
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Chu
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Holly E Janes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Avi Kenny
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marco Carone
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Benkeser
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yiwen Lu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chenchen Yu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bhavesh Borate
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Isabel Reeder
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Karen Martins
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Chuong Huynh
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carl J Fichtenbaum
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Spyros Kalams
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cynthia L Gay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michele P Andrasik
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James G Kublin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Neuzil
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hana M El Sahly
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Thomas Jones
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ruben O Donis
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dean Follmann
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wolf AS, Bjørlykke KH, Ørbo HS, Bhandari S, Solum G, Kjønstad IF, Jyssum I, Nygaard UC, Kristoffersen AB, Christensen IE, Josefsson SE, Lund KP, Chopra A, Osen JR, Chaban V, Tveter AT, Sexton J, Kvien TK, Jahnsen J, Haavardsholm EA, Grødeland G, Vaage JT, Provan SA, Kared H, Lund-Johansen F, Munthe LA, Syversen SW, Goll GL, Jørgensen KK, Mjaaland S. T cell responses to repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and breakthrough infections in patients on TNF inhibitor treatment: a prospective cohort study. EBioMedicine 2024; 108:105317. [PMID: 39260039 PMCID: PMC11416219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 immunisations is important for informing vaccine recommendations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other vulnerable patients on immunosuppressive therapies. This study investigated the magnitude and quality of T cell responses after multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses and COVID-19 breakthrough infection. METHODS This prospective, observational study included patients with IBD and arthritis on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) receiving up to four SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses. T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 peptides were measured by flow cytometry before and 2-4 weeks after vaccinations and breakthrough infection to assess the frequency and polyfunctionality of responding cells, along with receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) antibodies. FINDINGS Between March 2, 2021, and December 20, 2022, 143 patients (118 IBD, 25 arthritis) and 73 healthy controls were included. In patients with either IBD or arthritis, humoral immunity was attenuated compared to healthy controls (median anti-RBD levels 3391 vs. 6280 BAU/ml, p = 0.008) after three SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses. Patients with IBD had comparable quantities (median CD4 0.11% vs. 0.11%, p = 0.26, CD8 0.031% vs. 0.047%, p = 0.33) and quality (polyfunctionality score: 0.403 vs. 0.371, p = 0.39; 0.105 vs. 0.101, p = 0.87) of spike-specific T cells to healthy controls. Patients with arthritis had lower frequencies but comparable quality of responding T cells to controls. Breakthrough infection increased spike-specific CD8 T cell quality and T cell responses against non-spike peptides. INTERPRETATION Patients with IBD on TNFi have T cell responses comparable to healthy controls despite attenuated humoral responses following three vaccine doses. Repeated vaccination and breakthrough infection increased the quality of T cell responses. Our study adds evidence that, in the absence of other risk factors, this group may in future be able to follow the general recommendations for COVID-19 vaccines. FUNDING South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Akershus University Hospital, Diakonhjemmet Hospital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asia-Sophia Wolf
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kristin H Bjørlykke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde S Ørbo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sabin Bhandari
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guri Solum
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Fadum Kjønstad
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Jyssum
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unni C Nygaard
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Bråthen Kristoffersen
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Modelling and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid E Christensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah E Josefsson
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Persgård Lund
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julie Røkke Osen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktoriia Chaban
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne T Tveter
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joseph Sexton
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore K Kvien
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen A Haavardsholm
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sella A Provan
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Section for Public Health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway
| | - Hassen Kared
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Watterdal Syversen
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Løvik Goll
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Siri Mjaaland
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sciurti A, Baccolini V, Ceparano M, Isonne C, Migliara G, Iera J, Alessandri F, Ceccarelli G, Marzuillo C, Tellan G, De Giusti M, Pugliese F, Villari P, The Collaborating Group. Incidence and Predictors of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Patients Admitted to a Temporary Intensive Care Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic Waves: A Two-Year (2021-2023) Retrospective Cohort Study in Rome, Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:842. [PMID: 39335015 PMCID: PMC11428387 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13090842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
To manage the number of critical COVID-19 patients, Umberto I Teaching Hospital in Rome established a temporary ICU on March 1, 2021. This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) among these patients during various COVID-19 waves. Patients were grouped by admission date according to the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant prevalent at the time (Alpha, Delta, Omicron BA.1, Omicron BA.2, Omicron BA.5, and Omicron XBB). First-HAI and mortality rates were calculated per 1000 patient-days. Predictors of first-HAI occurrence were investigated using a multivariable Fine-Gray regression model considering death as a competing event. Among 355 admitted patients, 27.3% experienced at least one HAI, and 49.6% died. Patient characteristics varied over time, with older and more complex cases in the later phases, while HAI and mortality rates were higher in the first year. Pathogens responsible for HAIs varied over time, with first Acinetobacter baumannii and then Klebsiella pneumoniae being progressively predominant. Multivariable analysis confirmed that, compared to Alpha, admission during the Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and XBB periods was associated with lower hazards of HAI. Despite worsening COVID-19 patient conditions, late-phase HAI rates decreased, likely due to evolving pathogen characteristics, improved immunity, but also better clinical management, and adherence to infection prevention practices. Enhanced HAI prevention in emergency situations is crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sciurti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Ceparano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Isonne
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Department of Life Sciences, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Iera
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Management and Health Laboratory, Institute of Management, Department EMbeDS, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandri
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Umberto I Teaching Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Marzuillo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Tellan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Umberto I Teaching Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria De Giusti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pugliese
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Umberto I Teaching Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of General and Specialist Surgery "P. Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - The Collaborating Group
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sripaew S, Yasharad K, Rahari DS, Feng W, Qian Z, Thanh HN, Li P, Fitriangga A, Purwanto SP, Phyu AN, Xianyu F, Phadungvitvatthana S, Wichaidit W, Kumwichar P, Chongsuvivatwong V. A serological survey of COVID-19 among predominantly aboriginal residents of a tourist island in southern Thailand. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:57. [PMID: 39232844 PMCID: PMC11373474 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-024-00617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current survey describes the seroprevalence, history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and vaccination status among predominantly aboriginal residents on a tourist island in southern Thailand. This information can be translated into COVID-19 vaccination and control plans for this population. METHODS We implemented questionnaire interviews and collected blood samples from 249 residents of Lipe Island, Satun Province, in January 2022. We measured the anti-nucleocapsid protein and anti-spike (anti-S) receptor-binding protein levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG. The differences in antibody levels among participants with different histories of vaccination and infection were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with multiple comparisons. RESULTS During the 2-year pandemic period, no island residents with COVID-19 required hospitalization despite the high prevalence of hypertension (33.3%) and diabetes mellitus (21.7%). Approximately 18.8% of the participants reported a history of COVID-19 diagnosis. In total, 95.1% of the participants had a history of complete vaccination, of which 93.5% were seropositive. The anti-S IgG geometric means (geometric standard deviation) were 3945.8 (2.0), 829.8 (9.7) AU/mL, 789.9 (5.3) AU/mL, and 22.7 (7.1) AU/mL, respectively, in participants with a history of both COVID-19 diagnosis and complete vaccination (group 1), incomplete vaccination and subsequent COVID-19 diagnosis (group 2), complete vaccination but no previous infection (group 3), or neither previous COVID-19 and complete vaccination (group 4). Significant pairwise differences in anti-S IgG levels were found between certain groups (1 vs 3, 1 vs 4, 2 vs 4, and 3 vs 4). CONCLUSIONS The high coverage of vaccination, high levels of population antibody titers, variable antibody levels among completely vaccinated non-infected residents, and high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) suggested that the local health systems could control the pandemic. However, continuing surveillance, booster vaccinations, and NCD prevention programs were still required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supakorn Sripaew
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kameelah Yasharad
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 12, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Dzerlina S Rahari
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Weiyan Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Zhenzhu Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Huynh Ngoc Thanh
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Agus Fitriangga
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Satiti Palupi Purwanto
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Aye Nyein Phyu
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Fangming Xianyu
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | | | - Wit Wichaidit
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Ponlagrit Kumwichar
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Subissi L, Otieno JR, Worp N, Attar Cohen H, Oude Munnink BB, Abu-Raddad LJ, Alm E, Barakat A, Barclay WS, Bhiman JN, Caly L, Chand M, Chen M, Cullinane A, de Oliveira T, Drosten C, Druce J, Effler P, El Masry I, Faye A, Ghedin E, Grant R, Haagmans BL, Happi C, Herring BL, Hodcroft EB, Ikejezie J, Katawera V, Kassamali ZA, Leo YS, Leung GM, Kondor RJ, Marklewitz M, Mendez-Rico J, Melhem NM, Munster V, Nahapetyan K, Naindoo D, Oh DY, Peacock TP, Peiris M, Peng Z, Poon LLM, Rambaut A, Saha S, Shen Y, Siqueira MM, Volz E, Tessema SK, Thiel V, Triki H, van der Werf S, von Eije K, Cunningham J, Koopmans MPG, von Gottberg A, Agrawal A, Van Kerkhove MD. An updated framework for SARS-CoV-2 variants reflects the unpredictability of viral evolution. Nat Med 2024; 30:2400-2403. [PMID: 38720002 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathalie Worp
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Research Centre, Rotterdam/Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bas B Oude Munnink
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Research Centre, Rotterdam/Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erik Alm
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amal Barakat
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Jinal N Bhiman
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Leon Caly
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mark Chen
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Tulio de Oliveira
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Julian Druce
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Effler
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ihab El Masry
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Adama Faye
- Institut de Santé et Développement, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Bart L Haagmans
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Research Centre, Rotterdam/Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Happi
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Disease, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Belinda L Herring
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Emma B Hodcroft
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Victoria Katawera
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, the Philippines
| | | | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gabriel M Leung
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - Rebecca J Kondor
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marco Marklewitz
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jairo Mendez-Rico
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nada M Melhem
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Vincent Munster
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen Nahapetyan
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dhamari Naindoo
- World Health Organization Regional Office for South East Asia, Delhi, India
| | | | - Thomas P Peacock
- Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, UK
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Peng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | | | - Senjuti Saha
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Sofonias K Tessema
- Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Volker Thiel
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Karin von Eije
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Research Centre, Rotterdam/Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Research Centre, Rotterdam/Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Reekie J, Stovring H, Nielsen H, Johansen IS, Benfield T, Wiese L, Stærke NB, Iversen K, Mustafa AB, Petersen KT, Juhl MR, Knudsen LS, Iversen MB, Andersen SD, Larsen FD, Baerends EAM, Lindvig SO, Rasmussen LD, Madsen LW, Bannister W, Jensen TO, Dietz LL, Ostrowski SR, Østergaard L, Tolstrup M, Lundgren JD, Søgaard OS. Development of antibody levels and subsequent decline in individuals with vaccine induced and hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 146:107111. [PMID: 38801970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare antibody trajectories among individuals with SARS-CoV-2 hybrid and vaccine-induced immunity. METHODS Danish adults receiving three doses of BTN162b2 or mRNA-1237 were included prior to first vaccination (Day 0). SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG levels were assessed before each vaccine dose, at Day 90, Day 180, 28 days after 3rd vaccination (Day 251), Day 365, and prior to 4th vaccination (Day 535). SARS-CoV-2 PCR results were extracted from the national microbiology database. Mixed-effect multivariable linear regression investigated the impact of hybrid-immunity (stratified into 4 groups: no hybrid immunity, PCR+ prior to 3rd dose, PCR+ after 3rd dose and before Day 365, PCR+ after Day 365) on anti-spike IgG trajectories. RESULTS A total of 4,936 individuals were included, 47% developed hybrid-immunity. Anti-spike IgG increases were observed in all groups at Day 251, with the highest levels in those PCR+ prior to 3rd dose (Geometric Mean; 535,647AU/mL vs. 374,665AU/mL with no hybrid-immunity, P<0.0001). Further increases were observed in participants who developed hybrid immunity after their 3rd dose. Anti-spike IgG levels declined from Day 251-535 in individuals without hybrid-immunity and in those who developed hybrid-immunity prior to their 3rd dose, with lower rate of decline in those with hybrid-immunity. CONCLUSION Hybrid-immunity results in higher and more durable antibody trajectories in vaccinated individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Reekie
- Center of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Stovring
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Isik S Johansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lothar Wiese
- Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Nina Breinholt Stærke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ahmed Basim Mustafa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Maria Ruwald Juhl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Fredrikke Dam Larsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Susan Olaf Lindvig
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Lone Wulff Madsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Wendy Bannister
- Center of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Oestergaard Jensen
- Center of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa Loksø Dietz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens D Lundgren
- Center of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Schmeltz Søgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stemler J, Yeghiazaryan L, Stephan C, Mohn KGI, Carcas-Sansuan AJ, Rodriguez ER, Moltó J, Mitxeltorena IV, Welte T, Zablockienė B, Akova M, Bethe U, Heringer S, Salmanton-García J, Jeck J, Tischmann L, Zarrouk M, Cüppers A, Biehl LM, Grothe J, Mellinghoff SC, Nacov JA, Neuhann JM, Sprute R, Frías-Iniesta J, Negi R, Gaillard C, Saini G, León AG, Mallon PWG, Lammens C, Hotterbeekx A, Loens K, Malhotra-Kumar S, Goossens H, Kumar-Singh S, König F, Posch M, Koehler P, Cornely OA. Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of a second booster with BNT162b2 or full-dose mRNA-1273: A randomized VACCELERATE trial in adults aged ≥75 years (EU-COVAT-1-AGED Part B). Int J Infect Dis 2024; 146:107161. [PMID: 38992789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the safety and immunogenicity of a fourth vaccination (second booster) in individuals aged ≥75 years. METHODS Participants were randomized to BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, 30 µg) or messenger RNA (mRNA)-1273 (Spikevax, 100 µg). The primary end point was the rate of two-fold antibody titer increase 14 days after vaccination, targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) region of wild-type SARS-CoV-2. The secondary end points included changes in neutralizing activity against wild-type and 25 variants. Safety was assessed by monitoring solicited adverse events (AEs) for 7 days. RESULTS A total of 269 participants (mean age 81 years, mRNA-1273 n = 135/BNT162b2 n = 134) were included. Two-fold anti-RBD immunoglobulin (Ig) G titer increase was achieved by 101 of 129 (78%) and 116 of 133 (87%) subjects in the BNT162b2 and the mRNA-1273 group, respectively (P = 0.054). A second booster of mRNA-1273 provided higher anti-RBD IgG geometric mean titer: 21.326 IU/mL (95% confidence interval: 18.235-24.940) vs BNT162b2: 15.181 IU/mL (95% confidence interval: 13.172-17.497). A higher neutralizing activity was noted for the mRNA-1273 group. The most frequent AE was pain at the injection site (51% in mRNA-1273 and 48% in BNT162b2). Participants in the mRNA-1273 group had less vaccine-related AEs (30% vs 39%). CONCLUSIONS A second booster of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 provided substantial IgG increase. Full-dose mRNA-1273 provided higher IgG levels and neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2, with similar safety profile for subjects of advanced age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Stemler
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne Department, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lusine Yeghiazaryan
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Data Science, Institute of Medical Statistics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Stephan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kristin Greve-Isdahl Mohn
- Helse Bergen HF, Haukeland University Hospital, Department Internal Medicine, Bergen, Norway; Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Antonio-José Carcas-Sansuan
- Hospital La Paz, Clinical Pharmacology Service, Institute for Health Research, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Faculty of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Romero Rodriguez
- Distrito Sanitario Córdoba Guadalquivir, Primary Care Unit, Isla Lanzarote, s/n, Córdoba and Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba(IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Moltó
- Fundació Lluita Contra les Infeccions, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Vergara Mitxeltorena
- Asociación Instituto BIODONOSTIA, Primary Care Research Unit of Gipuzkoa Integrated Health Organizations, San Sebastián (Gipuzkoa), Spain
| | - Tobias Welte
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Klinik für Pneumologie, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birutė Zablockienė
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania; Lithuania and Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Murat Akova
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ullrich Bethe
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne Department, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Heringer
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne Department, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jon Salmanton-García
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne Department, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Jeck
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne Department, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea Tischmann
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne Department, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marouan Zarrouk
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnd Cüppers
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (CTCC Cologne), Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena M Biehl
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne Department, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Grothe
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne Department, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sibylle C Mellinghoff
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne Department, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia A Nacov
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne Department, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia M Neuhann
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne Department, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rosanne Sprute
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne Department, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jesús Frías-Iniesta
- Hospital La Paz, Clinical Pharmacology Service, Institute for Health Research, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Faculty of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Riya Negi
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colette Gaillard
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gurvin Saini
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alejandro García León
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick W G Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine Lammens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology (LMM), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute and BioBank Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - An Hotterbeekx
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology & Histology (CBH) and Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (CBH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Katherine Loens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology (LMM), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute and BioBank Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology (LMM), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute and BioBank Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology (LMM), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute and BioBank Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Samir Kumar-Singh
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology & Histology (CBH) and Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (CBH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Franz König
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Data Science, Institute of Medical Statistics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Posch
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Data Science, Institute of Medical Statistics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Koehler
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne Department, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (CTCC Cologne), Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lemos-Pérez G, Barrese-Pérez Y, Chacón-Quintero Y, Uranga-Piña R, Avila-Albuerne Y, Figueroa-García I, Calderín-Marín O, Gómez-Vázquez MM, Piñera-Martínez M, Chávez-Valdés S, Martínez-Rosales R, Ávila-Díaz L, Vázquez-Arteaga A, González-Formental H, Freyre-Corrales G, Coizeau-Rodríguez E, Limonta-Fernández M, Ayala-Avila M, Martínez-Díaz E, Pimentel-Vazquez E, Guillen G. Safety and Immunogenicity of the Intranasal Vaccine Candidate Mambisa and the Intramuscular Vaccine Abdala Used as Booster Doses for COVID-19 Convalescents: A Randomized Phase 1-2 Clinical Trial. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1001. [PMID: 39340031 PMCID: PMC11435458 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12091001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A phase 1-2, prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label clinical trial (Code RPCEC00000382), with parallel groups, involving 1161 participants, was designed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of two Cuban COVID-19 vaccines (Mambisa and Abdala) in boosting COVID-19 immunity of convalescent adults after receiving one dose of either vaccine. The main safety outcome was severe vaccination adverse events occurring in <5% of vaccinees. Main immunogenicity success endpoints were a ≥4-fold anti-RBD IgG seroconversion or a ≥20% increase in ACE2-RBD inhibitory antibodies in >55% of vaccinees in Phase 1 and >70% in Phase 2. Neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 variants were evaluated. Both vaccines were safe-no deaths or severe adverse events occurred. Mild intensity adverse events were the most frequent (>73%); headaches predominated for both vaccines. Phase 1 responders were 83.3% (p = 0.0018) for Abdala. Mambisa showed similar results. Phase 2 responders were 88.6% for Abdala (p < 0.0001) and 74.2% for Mambisa (p = 0.0412). In both phases, anti-RBD IgG titers, inhibition percentages and neutralizing antibody titers increased significantly after the booster dose. Both vaccines were safe and their immunogenicity surpassed the study endpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Lemos-Pérez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, La Habana 10600, Cuba; (Y.C.-Q.); (S.C.-V.); (R.M.-R.); (L.Á.-D.); (A.V.-A.); (H.G.-F.); (G.F.-C.); (E.C.-R.); (M.L.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Yinet Barrese-Pérez
- National Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials (CENCEC), La Habana 11300, Cuba; (Y.B.-P.); (R.U.-P.); (Y.A.-A.)
| | - Yahima Chacón-Quintero
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, La Habana 10600, Cuba; (Y.C.-Q.); (S.C.-V.); (R.M.-R.); (L.Á.-D.); (A.V.-A.); (H.G.-F.); (G.F.-C.); (E.C.-R.); (M.L.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Rolando Uranga-Piña
- National Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials (CENCEC), La Habana 11300, Cuba; (Y.B.-P.); (R.U.-P.); (Y.A.-A.)
| | - Yisel Avila-Albuerne
- National Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials (CENCEC), La Habana 11300, Cuba; (Y.B.-P.); (R.U.-P.); (Y.A.-A.)
| | | | - Osaida Calderín-Marín
- Manuel Ascunce Domenech Provincial Clinical-Surgical Teaching Hospital, Camagüey 70100, Cuba;
| | | | | | - Sheila Chávez-Valdés
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, La Habana 10600, Cuba; (Y.C.-Q.); (S.C.-V.); (R.M.-R.); (L.Á.-D.); (A.V.-A.); (H.G.-F.); (G.F.-C.); (E.C.-R.); (M.L.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Ricardo Martínez-Rosales
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, La Habana 10600, Cuba; (Y.C.-Q.); (S.C.-V.); (R.M.-R.); (L.Á.-D.); (A.V.-A.); (H.G.-F.); (G.F.-C.); (E.C.-R.); (M.L.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Lismary Ávila-Díaz
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, La Habana 10600, Cuba; (Y.C.-Q.); (S.C.-V.); (R.M.-R.); (L.Á.-D.); (A.V.-A.); (H.G.-F.); (G.F.-C.); (E.C.-R.); (M.L.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Amalia Vázquez-Arteaga
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, La Habana 10600, Cuba; (Y.C.-Q.); (S.C.-V.); (R.M.-R.); (L.Á.-D.); (A.V.-A.); (H.G.-F.); (G.F.-C.); (E.C.-R.); (M.L.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Hany González-Formental
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, La Habana 10600, Cuba; (Y.C.-Q.); (S.C.-V.); (R.M.-R.); (L.Á.-D.); (A.V.-A.); (H.G.-F.); (G.F.-C.); (E.C.-R.); (M.L.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Giselle Freyre-Corrales
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, La Habana 10600, Cuba; (Y.C.-Q.); (S.C.-V.); (R.M.-R.); (L.Á.-D.); (A.V.-A.); (H.G.-F.); (G.F.-C.); (E.C.-R.); (M.L.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Edelgis Coizeau-Rodríguez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, La Habana 10600, Cuba; (Y.C.-Q.); (S.C.-V.); (R.M.-R.); (L.Á.-D.); (A.V.-A.); (H.G.-F.); (G.F.-C.); (E.C.-R.); (M.L.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Miladys Limonta-Fernández
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, La Habana 10600, Cuba; (Y.C.-Q.); (S.C.-V.); (R.M.-R.); (L.Á.-D.); (A.V.-A.); (H.G.-F.); (G.F.-C.); (E.C.-R.); (M.L.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Marta Ayala-Avila
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, La Habana 10600, Cuba; (Y.C.-Q.); (S.C.-V.); (R.M.-R.); (L.Á.-D.); (A.V.-A.); (H.G.-F.); (G.F.-C.); (E.C.-R.); (M.L.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
| | | | | | - Gerardo Guillen
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, La Habana 10600, Cuba; (Y.C.-Q.); (S.C.-V.); (R.M.-R.); (L.Á.-D.); (A.V.-A.); (H.G.-F.); (G.F.-C.); (E.C.-R.); (M.L.-F.); (M.A.-A.)
- Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM), La Habana 19108, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sugrue JA, Duffy D. Systems vaccinology studies - achievements and future potential. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105318. [PMID: 38460935 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Human immune responses to vaccination are variable both within and between populations. Systems vaccinology, which is the application of multi-omics technologies to vaccine studies, seeks to understand such variation and predict responses to optimise vaccine strategies. Here, we outline new approaches to systems vaccinology, focusing on the incorporation of additional cohorts, endpoints and technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Sugrue
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, F75015, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yamamoto S, Oshiro Y, Inamura N, Nemoto T, Tan T, Horii K, Okudera K, Konishi M, Mizoue T, Sugiyama H, Aoyanagi N, Sugiura W, Ohmagari N. Correlates of Nucleocapsid Antibodies and a Combination of Spike and Nucleocapsid Antibodies Against Protection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Omicron XBB.1.16/EG.5-Predominant Wave. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae455. [PMID: 39220657 PMCID: PMC11363870 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to examine the association among nucleocapsid (N) antibodies, a combination of N and spike (S) antibodies, and protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study among staff at a national medical research center in Tokyo and followed them for the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection between June and September 2023 (Omicron XBB.1.16/EG.5 wave). At baseline, participants donated blood samples to measure N- and S-specific antibodies. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio and protection ([1 - hazard ratio] × 100) against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection across these antibody levels. Results Among participants with previous infection, higher pre-reinfection N antibodies were associated with a lower risk of reinfection, even after adjusting S antibody levels (P < .01 for trend). Estimation of the protection matrix for N and S antibodies revealed that high levels in N and S antibodies conferred robust protection (>90%) against subsequent infection. In addition, a pattern of low pre-reinfection N antibodies but high vaccine-enhanced S antibodies showed high protection (>80%). Conclusions Pre-reinfection N antibody levels correlated with protection against reinfection, independent of S antibodies. If the N antibodies were low, vaccine-boosted S antibodies might enhance the reinfection protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oshiro
- Department of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Inamura
- Department of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nemoto
- Department of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tan
- Department of Laboratory Testing, Center Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumi Horii
- Infection Control Office, Center Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Okudera
- Infection Control Office, Kohnodai Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhito Sugiyama
- Center Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Aoyanagi
- Kohnodai Hospital of the National Center for the Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Wataru Sugiura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Panagiotopoulos A, Fragoulis GE, Arida A, Bournia VK, Evangelatos G, Fragkiadaki K, Kravvariti E, Laskari K, Mylona M, Michalakeas N, Papazoglou N, Pappa M, Poulia V, Panopoulos S, Ziarangali S, Papatheodorou V, Tektonidou MG, Sfikakis PP. Outcomes of COVID-19 re-infections: a single-center cohort of 167 patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:1733-1737. [PMID: 38548908 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-024-05573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Data on COVID-19 re-infections in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases (SRDs) are lacking. We aimed to describe the course and outcomes of COVID-19 re-infections in these patients versus controls. In this single-center retrospective study, we included 167 consecutive SRD patients with at least one COVID-19 re-infection (mean age 47.3 years, females 70.7%). SRD patients were compared in terms of patient-perceived COVID-19 re-infection severity and hospitalizations/deaths with 167 age/sex-matched non-SRD controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess potential milder re-infection versus primary infection severity, adjusting for study group, demographics (age, sex), vaccination status, body mass index, smoking, and comorbidities. 23 and 7 out of 167 re-infected SRD patients experienced two and three re-infections, respectively, which were comparable to the re-infection rates in controls (two: 32; and three: 2) who also had comparable COVID-19 vaccination history (89% and 95% vaccinated, respectively). In the initial infection, patients with SRDs were hospitalized (7.2% versus 1.8%, p = 0.017), and had received antiviral treatment (16.1% versus 4.7%, p < 0.001) more frequently than controls. However, hospitalizations (1.8% vs 0.6%) and antiviral treatment (7.8% vs 3.5%) did not differ (p > 0.05) between patients and controls at the first re-infection, as well as during the second and third re-infection; no deaths were recorded. Perceived severity of re-infections was also comparable between patients and controls (p = 0.847) and among those on biologic DMARDs or not (p = 0.482). In multivariable analysis, neither SRDs presence nor demographics or comorbidities were associated with COVID-19 re-infection severity. COVID-19 re-infection severity (patient-perceived/hospitalizations/deaths) did not differ between SRDs and controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - George E Fragoulis
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece.
| | - Aikaterini Arida
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki-Kalliopi Bournia
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Evangelatos
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Fragkiadaki
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Evrydiki Kravvariti
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Laskari
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Mylona
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Michalakeas
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papazoglou
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Pappa
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Poulia
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos Panopoulos
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Sevastiani Ziarangali
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papatheodorou
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G Tektonidou
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75 Str, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Watson OJ, Hogan AB. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in Europe: lives saved and lessons learned. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2024; 12:663-664. [PMID: 39127050 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Watson
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Alexandra B Hogan
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Meslé MMI, Brown J, Mook P, Katz MA, Hagan J, Pastore R, Benka B, Redlberger-Fritz M, Bossuyt N, Stouten V, Vernemmen C, Constantinou E, Maly M, Kynčl J, Sanca O, Krause TG, Vestergaard LS, Leino T, Poukka E, Gkolfinopoulou K, Mellou K, Tsintziloni M, Molnár Z, Aspelund G, Thordardottir M, Domegan L, Kelly E, O'Donell J, Urdiales AM, Riccardo F, Sacco C, Bumšteinas V, Liausediene R, Mossong J, Vergison A, Borg ML, Melillo T, Kocinski D, Pollozhani E, Meijerink H, Costa D, Gomes JP, Leite PP, Druc A, Gutu V, Mita V, Lazar M, Popescu R, Popovici O, Musilová M, Mrzel M, Socan M, Učakar V, Limia A, Mazagatos C, Olmedo C, Dabrera G, Kall M, Sinnathamby M, McGowan G, McMenamin J, Morrison K, Nitzan D, Widdowson MA, Smallwood C, Pebody R. Estimated number of lives directly saved by COVID-19 vaccination programmes in the WHO European Region from December, 2020, to March, 2023: a retrospective surveillance study. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2024; 12:714-727. [PMID: 39127051 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By March, 2023, 54 countries, areas, and territories (hereafter CAT) in the WHO European Region had reported more than 2·2 million COVID-19-related deaths to the WHO Regional Office for Europe. Here, we estimated how many lives were directly saved by vaccinating adults in the WHO European Region from December, 2020, to March, 2023. METHODS In this retrospective surveillance study, we estimated the number of lives directly saved by age group, vaccine dose, and circulating variant-of-concern (VOC) period, regionally and nationally, using weekly data on COVID-19 mortality and infection, COVID-19 vaccination uptake, and SARS-CoV-2 virus characterisations by lineage downloaded from The European Surveillance System on June 11, 2023, as well as vaccine effectiveness data from the literature. We included data for six age groups (25-49 years, 50-59 years, ≥60 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and ≥80 years). To be included in the analysis, CAT needed to have reported both COVID-19 vaccination and mortality data for at least one of the four older age groups. Only CAT that reported weekly data for both COVID-19 vaccination and mortality by age group for 90% of study weeks or more in the full study period were included. We calculated the percentage reduction in the number of expected and reported deaths. FINDINGS Between December, 2020, and March, 2023, in 34 of 54 CAT included in the analysis, COVID-19 vaccines reduced deaths by 59% overall (CAT range 17-82%), representing approximately 1·6 million lives saved (range 1·5-1·7 million) in those aged 25 years or older: 96% of lives saved were aged 60 years or older and 52% were aged 80 years or older; first boosters saved 51% of lives, and 60% were saved during the Omicron period. INTERPRETATION Over nearly 2·5 years, most lives saved by COVID-19 vaccination were in older adults by first booster dose and during the Omicron period, reinforcing the importance of up-to-date vaccination among the most at-risk individuals. Further modelling work should evaluate indirect effects of vaccination and public health and social measures. FUNDING US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux M I Meslé
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jeremy Brown
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Piers Mook
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark A Katz
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - José Hagan
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roberta Pastore
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernhard Benka
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marek Maly
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Kynčl
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czechia; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Sanca
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Nové Město, Czechia
| | | | | | - Tuija Leino
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Poukka
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kassiani Mellou
- Hellenic National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Zsuzsanna Molnár
- National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gudrun Aspelund
- Centre for Health Security and Communicable Disease Control, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Lisa Domegan
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva Kelly
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joan O'Donell
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Viktoras Bumšteinas
- National Public Health Center under the Ministry of Health, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Liausediene
- National Public Health Center under the Ministry of Health, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Maria-Louise Borg
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate, Pietà, Malta
| | - Tanya Melillo
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate, Pietà, Malta
| | - Dragan Kocinski
- Institute of Public Health of Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Enkela Pollozhani
- Institute of Public Health of Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Diana Costa
- Directorate of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Directorate-General of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pinto Leite
- Directorate of Information and Analysis, Directorate-General of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alina Druc
- National Agency for Public Health, Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | - Valentin Mita
- National Agency for Public Health, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Mihaela Lazar
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Maja Mrzel
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Socan
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dorit Nitzan
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Richard Pebody
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Poukka E, Perälä J, Nohynek H, Goebeler S, Auranen K, Leino T, Baum U. Relative effectiveness of bivalent boosters against severe COVID-19 outcomes among people aged ≥ 65 years in Finland, September 2022 to August 2023. Euro Surveill 2024; 29. [PMID: 39268649 PMCID: PMC11395282 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.37.2300587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundLong-term effectiveness data on bivalent COVID-19 boosters are limited.AimWe evaluated the long-term protection of bivalent boosters against severe COVID-19 among ≥ 65-year-olds in Finland.MethodsIn this register-based cohort analysis, we compared the risk of three severe COVID-19 outcomes among ≥ 65-year-olds who received a bivalent booster (Original/Omicron BA.1 or Original/BA.4-5; exposed group) between 1/9/2022 and 31/8/2023 to those who did not (unexposed). We included individuals vaccinated with at least two monovalent COVID-19 vaccine doses before 1/9/2022 and ≥ 3 months ago. The analysis was divided into two periods: 1/9/2022-28/2/2023 (BA.5 and BQ.1.X predominating) and 1/3/2023-31/8/2023 (XBB predominating). The hazards for the outcomes between exposed and unexposed individuals were compared with Cox regression.ResultsWe included 1,191,871 individuals. From 1/9/2022 to 28/2/2023, bivalent boosters were associated with a reduced risk of hospitalisation due to COVID-19 (hazard ratio (HR): 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37-0.55), death due to COVID-19 (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.38-0.62), and death in which COVID-19 was a contributing factor (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.31-0.51) during 14-60 days since vaccination. From 1/3/2023 to 31/8/2023, bivalent boosters were associated with lower risks of all three severe COVID-19 outcomes during 61-120 days since a bivalent booster (e.g. HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.39-0.71 for hospitalisation due to COVID-19); thereafter no notable risk reduction was observed. No difference was found between Original/Omicron BA.1 and Original/BA.4-5 boosters.ConclusionBivalent boosters initially reduced the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes by ca 50% among ≥ 65-year-olds, but protection waned over time. These findings help guide vaccine development and vaccination programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eero Poukka
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jori Perälä
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Nohynek
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirkka Goebeler
- Forensic Medicine Unit, Department of Government services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Auranen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuija Leino
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrike Baum
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Biechele G, Koliogiannis V, Rennollet P, Prester T, Schulz E, Kolben T, Jegen M, Hübener C, Hasbargen U, Flemmer A, Dietrich O, Burkard T, Schinner R, Dinkel J, Muenchhoff M, Hintz S, Delius M, Mahner S, Ricke J, Hilgendorff A, Stoecklein S. Preserved prenatal lung growth assessed by fetal MRI in the omicron-dominated phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-11031-9. [PMID: 39210162 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-11031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With SARS-CoV-2 evolving, disease severity and presentation have changed due to changes in mechanisms of entry and effector site as well as due to effects of vaccination- and/or infection-acquired immunity. We re-assessed fetal lung pathology in pregnancies with uncomplicated SARS-CoV-2 infections during the late, omicron-dominated pandemic phase to inform disease understanding and pregnancy consultation. METHODS In this case-control study, fetal lung volumes were assessed by fetal MRI in 24 pregnancies affected by mild maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during the omicron-dominated pandemic phase with prevailing immunity through vaccination and/or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS Fetal lung volumes (normalized to estimated fetal weight) in 24 pregnancies (GA 33.3 ± 3.8, 12 female fetuses) following mild, uncomplicated SARS-CoV-2 infection did not differ significantly from both, published reference values (96.3% ± 22.5% of 50th percentile reference values, p = 0.43), or fetal lung volumes of a site-specific, non-COVID control group (n = 15, 94.2% ± 18.5%, p = 0.76). Placental assessment revealed no group differences in thrombotic changes or placental heterogeneity (p > 0.05, respectively), and fetal lung volume did not correlate with placental heterogeneity when adjusting for gestational age at scan (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Assessment of fetal lung volume by MRI revealed unaffected lung growth in pregnancies affected by uncomplicated SARS-CoV-2 infection in the omicron-dominated pandemic phase in the presence of prevailing hybrid immunity. This finding contrasts sharply with the observed reduction in fetal lung volume following maternal alpha-variant infection in the pre-vaccination era and might reflect tropism- as well as immunity-related effects. KEY POINTS Question: Is fetal lung development affected by mild maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during the omicron-dominated phase of the pandemic? FINDINGS Fetal lung volume in 24 affected pregnancies did not differ significantly from published reference values or fetal lung volumes in 15 site-specific, non-COVID-affected control pregnancies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Preserved fetal lung volume following mild maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during the omicron-dominated phase contrasts with previous findings of reduced volume in unvaccinated pregnancies during the alpha-dominated pandemic phase. These observations might reflect tropism- as well as immunity-related effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Biechele
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Koliogiannis
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippe Rennollet
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Prester
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico Schulz
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Jegen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Hübener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Hasbargen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Flemmer
- Division of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital and Perinatal Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Dietrich
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Burkard
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Schinner
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Julien Dinkel
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Susan Hintz
- Department of Pediatrics - Neonatology, Stanford University, 750 Welch Road, Suite 315, Palo Alto, CA, 94034, USA
| | - Maria Delius
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Center for Comprehensive Developmental Care (CDeCLMU), Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Stoecklein
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zheng H, Wu S, Chen W, Cai S, Zhan M, Chen C, Lin J, Xie Z, Ou J, Ye W. Meta-analysis of hybrid immunity to mitigate the risk of Omicron variant reinfection. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1457266. [PMID: 39253287 PMCID: PMC11381385 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1457266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hybrid immunity (a combination of natural and vaccine-induced immunity) provides additional immune protection against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfection. Today, people are commonly infected and vaccinated; hence, hybrid immunity is the norm. However, the mitigation of the risk of Omicron variant reinfection by hybrid immunity and the durability of its protection remain uncertain. This meta-analysis aims to explore hybrid immunity to mitigate the risk of Omicron variant reinfection and its protective durability to provide a new evidence-based basis for the development and optimization of immunization strategies and improve the public's awareness and participation in COVID-19 vaccination, especially in vulnerable and at-risk populations. Methods Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were searched for publicly available literature up to 10 June 2024. Two researchers independently completed the data extraction and risk of bias assessment and cross-checked each other. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessed the risk of bias in included cohort and case-control studies, while criteria recommended by the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) evaluated cross-sectional studies. The extracted data were synthesized in an Excel spreadsheet according to the predefined items to be collected. The outcome was Omicron variant reinfection, reported as an Odds Ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) and Protective Effectiveness (PE) with 95% CI. The data were pooled using a random- or fixed-effects model based on the I2 test. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Results Thirty-three articles were included. Compared with the natural immunity group, the hybrid immunity (booster vaccination) group had the highest level of mitigation in the risk of reinfection (OR = 0.43, 95% CI:0.34-0.56), followed by the complete vaccination group (OR = 0.58, 95% CI:0.45-0.74), and lastly the incomplete vaccination group (OR = 0.64, 95% CI:0.44-0.93). Compared with the complete vaccination-only group, the hybrid immunity (complete vaccination) group mitigated the risk of reinfection by 65% (OR = 0.35, 95% CI:0.27-0.46), and the hybrid immunity (booster vaccination) group mitigated the risk of reinfection by an additional 29% (OR = 0.71, 95% CI:0.61-0.84) compared with the hybrid immunity (complete vaccination) group. The effectiveness of hybrid immunity (incomplete vaccination) in mitigating the risk of reinfection was 37.88% (95% CI, 28.88-46.89%) within 270-364 days, and decreased to 33.23%% (95% CI, 23.80-42.66%) within 365-639 days; whereas, the effectiveness after complete vaccination was 54.36% (95% CI, 50.82-57.90%) within 270-364 days, and the effectiveness of booster vaccination was 73.49% (95% CI, 68.95-78.04%) within 90-119 days. Conclusion Hybrid immunity was significantly more protective than natural or vaccination-induced immunity, and booster doses were associated with enhanced protection against Omicron. Although its protective effects waned over time, vaccination remains a crucial measure for controlling COVID-19. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier, CRD42024539682.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zheng
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shenggen Wu
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaojian Cai
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meirong Zhan
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cailin Chen
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhonghang Xie
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianming Ou
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Ye
- Institute of Emergency Response and Epidemic Management, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kung YA, Chuang CH, Chen YC, Yang HP, Li HC, Chen CL, Janapatla RP, Chen CJ, Shih SR, Chiu CH. Worldwide SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection: Emerging sub-variants and future vaccination perspectives. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00389-9. [PMID: 39179492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has sparked widespread concern globally, particularly with the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages emerging as the predominant cause of infection for nearly two years. Taiwan's successful containment of COVID-19, underscored by broad vaccine coverage, the utilization of anti-viral therapeutics, and timely response strategies, has resulted in reduced excess mortality. Moreover, there is a crucial need for a phased exit strategy, balancing efforts to curtail disease transmission with the mitigation of socioeconomic impacts from rigorous measures. In this review, we examined the evolution and the epidemiological landscape of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sub-variants in Taiwan as well as other countries of the world. We also critically evaluated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, we addressed the advantages of heterologous immunization strategies, fluctuations in neutralizing antibody titers, and complexities in establishing protective correlates among swiftly mutating viral variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Kung
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Chuang
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Paul's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chen
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Yang
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chieh Li
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Liang Chen
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Jung Chen
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Voss WN, Mallory MA, Byrne PO, Marchioni JM, Knudson SA, Powers JM, Leist SR, Dadonaite B, Townsend DR, Kain J, Huang Y, Satterwhite E, Castillo IN, Mattocks M, Paresi C, Munt JE, Scobey T, Seeger A, Premkumar L, Bloom JD, Georgiou G, McLellan JS, Baric RS, Lavinder JJ, Ippolito GC. Hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2 arises from serological recall of IgG antibodies distinctly imprinted by infection or vaccination. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101668. [PMID: 39094579 PMCID: PMC11384961 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
We describe the molecular-level composition of polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-spike antibodies from ancestral severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, vaccination, or their combination ("hybrid immunity") at monoclonal resolution. Infection primarily triggers S2/N-terminal domain (NTD)-reactive antibodies, whereas vaccination mainly induces anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies. This imprint persists after secondary exposures wherein >60% of ensuing hybrid immunity derives from the original IgG pool. Monoclonal constituents of the original IgG pool can increase breadth, affinity, and prevalence upon secondary exposures, as exemplified by the plasma antibody SC27. Following a breakthrough infection, vaccine-induced SC27 gained neutralization breadth and potency against SARS-CoV-2 variants and zoonotic viruses (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] ∼0.1-1.75 nM) and increased its binding affinity to the protective RBD class 1/4 epitope (dissociation constant [KD] < 5 pM). According to polyclonal escape analysis, SC27-like binding patterns are common in SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity. Our findings provide a detailed molecular definition of immunological imprinting and show that vaccination can produce class 1/4 (SC27-like) IgG antibodies circulating in the blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William N Voss
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Mallory
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick O Byrne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Marchioni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sean A Knudson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - John M Powers
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bernadeta Dadonaite
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R Townsend
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Kain
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yimin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ed Satterwhite
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Izabella N Castillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melissa Mattocks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chelsea Paresi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E Munt
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Trevor Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Allison Seeger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason J Lavinder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Gregory C Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tsampalieros A, Zemek R, Barrowman N, Langlois MA, Arnold C, McGahern C, Plint AC, Pham-Huy A, Bhatt M. Hybrid immunity after BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine administration in children aged 5 to 11 years. Vaccine 2024; 42:125981. [PMID: 38789373 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is stronger among adults with prior infection (hybrid immunity). It is important to understand if children demonstrate a similar response to better inform vaccination strategies. Our study investigated the humoral response after BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine doses in SARS-CoV-2 naïve and recovered children (5-11 years). METHODS A multi-institutional, longitudinal, prospective cohort study was conducted. Children were enrolled in a case-ascertained antibody surveillance study in Ottawa, Ontario from September/2020-March/2021; at least one household member was severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive on RT-PCR. In November 2021, BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine was authorized for children aged 5-11 in Canada. Children enrolled in the surveillance study intending to receive two vaccine doses were invited to participate in this study from November 2021-April 2022. Main exposure was prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, defined by positive RT-PCR or SARS-CoV-2 anti-N IgG antibody presence. Primary outcome was spike IgG antibody levels measured following the first vaccine dose (2-3 weeks) and second vaccine dose (3-4 weeks). RESULTS Of the 153 eligible children, 75 participants (median age 8.9 IQR (7.4, 10.2) years; 38 (50.7 %) female; 59 (78.7 %) Caucasian) had complete follow-up. Fifty-four (72 %) children had prior SARS-COV-2 infection. Spike IgG antibody levels are significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 recovered participants after receiving the first dose (p < 0.001) and the second (p = 0.01) compared to infection naïve children. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE SARS-CoV-2 recovered children (5-11 years) demonstrated higher antibody levels following first BNT162b2 vaccine dose compared with naïve children. Most reached antibody saturation two to three weeks after the first dose; a second dose didn't change the saturation level. A single vaccine dose in SARS-CoV-2 recovered children may be equivalent or superior to a 2-dose primary series in naïve children. Further research is needed on the durability and quality of a single vaccine dose in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tsampalieros
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Omntario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nick Barrowman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Candice McGahern
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Amy C Plint
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Omntario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anne Pham-Huy
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maala Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Runge M, Karimian Z, Kheirandish M, Borghi G, Wodniak N, Fahmy K, Mantel C, Cherian T, Nabil Ahmed Said Z, Najafi F, Thneibat F, Ul-Haq Z, Fazid S, Ibrahim Salama I, Khosravi Shadmani F, Alrawashdeh A, Sirous S, Bellizzi S, Ahmed A, Lukwiya M, Rashidian A. COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Studies against Symptomatic and Severe Outcomes during the Omicron Period in Four Countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:906. [PMID: 39204033 PMCID: PMC11360574 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies provide real-world evidence to monitor vaccine performance and inform policy. The WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean supported a regional study to assess the VE of COVID-19 vaccines against different clinical outcomes in four countries between June 2021 and August 2023. Health worker cohort studies were conducted in 2707 health workers in Egypt and Pakistan, of whom 171 experienced symptomatic laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Test-negative design case-control studies were conducted in Iran and Jordan in 4017 severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) patients (2347 controls and 1670 cases) during the Omicron variant dominant period. VE estimates were calculated for each study and pooled by study design for several vaccine types (BBIBP-CorV, AZD1222, BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273, among others). Among health workers, VE against symptomatic infection of a complete primary series could only be computed compared to partial vaccination, suggesting a benefit of providing an additional dose of mRNA vaccines (VE: 88.9%, 95%CI: 15.3-98.6%), while results were inconclusive for other vaccine products. Among SARI patients, VE against hospitalization of a complete primary series with any vaccine compared to non-vaccinated was 20.9% (95%CI: 4.5-34.5%). Effectiveness estimates for individual vaccines, booster doses, and secondary outcomes (intensive care unit admission and death) were inconclusive. Future VE studies will need to address challenges in both design and analysis when conducted late during a pandemic and will be able to utilize the strengthened capacities in countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Karimian
- Division of Science, Information and Dissemination, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo 11371, Egypt (M.K.)
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mehrnaz Kheirandish
- Division of Science, Information and Dissemination, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo 11371, Egypt (M.K.)
| | | | | | - Kamal Fahmy
- Division of Communicable Diseases, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo 11516, Egypt
| | | | | | - Zeinab Nabil Ahmed Said
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6713954658, Iran (F.K.S.)
| | | | - Zia Ul-Haq
- Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan (S.F.)
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sheraz Fazid
- Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan (S.F.)
| | - Iman Ibrahim Salama
- Department of Community Medicine Research, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6713954658, Iran (F.K.S.)
| | - Ahmad Alrawashdeh
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Amman 3030, Jordan
| | | | | | - Amira Ahmed
- WHO Country Office for Egypt, Cairo 11516, Egypt
| | - Michael Lukwiya
- WHO Country Office for Pakistan, Islamabad P.O. Box 1013 44000, Pakistan
| | - Arash Rashidian
- Division of Science, Information and Dissemination, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo 11371, Egypt (M.K.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Favà A, Couceiro C, Calatayud L, Hernandez-Hermida Y, Melilli E, Montero N, Manonelles A, Coloma A, Codina S, Lloberas N, Oliveras L, Lino LA, Galofré C, Sabé N, Gomez-Preciado F, Sandoval D, Pizarro D, Domínguez MA, Cruzado JM. Hybrid immunity protection against SARS-CoV-2 and severe COVID-19 in kidney transplantation: A retrospective, comparative cohort study. Am J Transplant 2024:S1600-6135(24)00455-6. [PMID: 39097095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid immunity, resulting from a combination of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, offers robust protection against COVID-19 in the general population. However, its impact on immunocompromised patients remains unexplored. We investigated the effect of hybrid immunity against the Omicron variant in a population of kidney transplant recipients receiving the fourth dose mRNA monovalent vaccination. By extracting data from the clinical records and performing individual interviews, participants were categorized into the hybrid cohort (previously infected and vaccinated individuals) and the vaccine cohort (vaccinated-only individuals). The study comprised 1114 participants, 442 in the hybrid and 672 in the vaccine cohorts. From April 2022 to August 2023, 286 infections, 38 hospitalizations and 9 deaths were reported. The cumulative incidence of infection was 12.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.03-16.03) for the hybrid cohort and 36.54% (95% CI, 32.81-40.54) for the vaccine cohort after 300 days of follow-up. Hybrid immunity was associated to a 72% lower risk of infection (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.21-0.38) and a 96% lower risk of hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01-0.32). No deaths occurred in the hybrid cohort. Hybrid immunity was associated with a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19, underscoring its importance for risk stratification in this vulnerable patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Favà
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Couceiro
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Calatayud
- Microbiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Edoardo Melilli
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Montero
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Manonelles
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Coloma
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Codina
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Lloberas
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Oliveras
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Arturo Lino
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Galofré
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Sabé
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Gomez-Preciado
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Sandoval
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Pizarro
- Microbiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Domínguez
- Microbiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Research Network for Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Cruzado
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shoemaker K, Soboleva K, Branche A, Shankaran S, Theodore DA, Bari M, Ezeh V, Green J, Kelly E, Lan D, Olsson U, Saminathan S, Shankar NK, Villegas B, Villafana T, Falsey AR, Sobieszczyk ME. Long-Term Safety and Immunogenicity of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19): 2-Year Follow-Up from a Phase 3 Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:883. [PMID: 39204009 PMCID: PMC11359581 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the long-term safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines is needed. This phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled study for AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) primary-series vaccination enrolled 32,450 participants in the USA, Chile, and Peru between August 2020 and January 2021 (NCT04516746). Endpoints included the 2-year follow-up assessment of safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity. After 2 years, no emergent safety signals were observed for AZD1222, and no cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenia syndrome were reported. The assessment of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody titers confirmed the durability of AZD1222 efficacy for up to 6 months, after which infection rates in the AZD1222 group increased over time. Despite this, all-cause and COVID-19-related mortality remained low through the study end, potentially reflecting the post-Omicron decoupling of SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and severe COVID-19 outcomes. Geometric mean titers were elevated for anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies at the 1-year study visit and the anti-spike antibodies were elevated at year 2, providing further evidence of increasing SARS-CoV-2 infections over long-term follow-up. Overall, this 2-year follow-up of the AZD1222 phase 3 study confirms that the long-term safety profile remains consistent with previous findings and supports the continued need for COVID-19 booster vaccinations due to waning efficacy and humoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Shoemaker
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (K.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Karina Soboleva
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (K.S.); (V.E.)
| | - Angela Branche
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA;
| | - Shivanjali Shankaran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Deborah A. Theodore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (D.A.T.)
| | - Muhammad Bari
- Formerly Patient Safety, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK;
| | - Victor Ezeh
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (K.S.); (V.E.)
| | - Justin Green
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Elizabeth Kelly
- Formerly Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA;
| | - Dongmei Lan
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (K.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Urban Olsson
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Senthilkumar Saminathan
- Patient Safety, Chief Medical Office, R&D, AstraZeneca, Bangalore 560045, India; (S.S.); (N.K.S.)
| | - Nirmal Kumar Shankar
- Patient Safety, Chief Medical Office, R&D, AstraZeneca, Bangalore 560045, India; (S.S.); (N.K.S.)
| | - Berta Villegas
- Clinical Operations, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mississauga, ON L4Y 1M4, Canada;
| | - Tonya Villafana
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (K.S.); (V.E.)
| | - Ann R. Falsey
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA;
- Infectious Disease, Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, New York, NY 14617, USA
| | - Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (D.A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shimada N, Sugawa S, Murakami S, Shinoda M, Ota S, Morikawa M, Takei H, Serizawa Y, Takahashi H, Toyama-Kousaka M, Matsuse H, Shinkai M. Effectiveness and duration of additional immune defense provided by SARS-CoV-2 infection before and after receiving the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2. Vaccine X 2024; 19:100518. [PMID: 39040888 PMCID: PMC11261443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Our investigation focused whether infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before or after receiving the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine can increase immune protection. And we also investigated relationship of infection acquired. Methods Three shots of the mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine BNT162b2 were administered to 736 healthcare workers at Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital. Serum samples were collected before the first shot (P1), at one month (P2), and at six months (P3) after the second shot and at one month after the third shot (P4). The presence of infection was assessed using IgG against the nucleocapsid (IgG (N) and RBD in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. We defined infection before P2 as natural infection (NI) and infection between P2 and P3 as breakthrough infection (BI) and compared susceptibility to further infection between the NI (-) and NI (+) groups and between BI (-) and BI (+) groups. Events in 485 participants who had a complete dataset of IgG (N) and IgG (RBD) from P1 to P4 were analyzed. Results The presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection before P2 were examined by examining the titers of IgG (N)P1, IgG (N) P2, and IgG (RBD) P1 that exceeded the cutoff values. Consequently, 35 participants (7.22 %) were categorized into the NI (+) group, whereas 450 (92.8 %) were categorized into the NI (-) group. Between P2 and P3, the NI (-) group showed a higher rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the NI (+) group; however, there was no significant difference in the infection rate between P3 and P4. The infection rate was significantly lower in the BI (+) group than in the BI (-) group. Pre-primary vaccination infection significantly increased IgG (RBD) levels between P1 and P3. Post-primary vaccination infection significantly increased IgG (RBD) levels between P3 and P4. Conclusions Infection with SARS-CoV-2 before or after receiving the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine can increase immune protection; however, the duration of this effect may be limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagashige Shimada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahiro Shinoda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwa Morikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Serizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Toyama-Kousaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Matsuse
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shinkai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Costa Clemens SA, Jepson B, Bhorat QE, Ahmad A, Akhund T, Aley PK, Bansal H, Bibi S, Kelly EJ, Khan M, Lambe T, Lombaard JJ, Matthews S, Pipolo Milan E, Olsson U, Ramasamy MN, Moura de Oliveira Paiva MS, Seegobin S, Shoemaker K, Szylak A, Villafana T, Pollard AJ, Green JA. Immunogenicity and safety of beta variant COVID-19 vaccine AZD2816 and AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) as primary-series vaccination for previously unvaccinated adults in Brazil, South Africa, Poland, and the UK: a randomised, partly double-blinded, phase 2/3 non-inferiority immunobridging study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:100863. [PMID: 38878794 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AZD2816 is a variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine that expresses the full-length SARS-CoV-2 beta variant spike protein but is otherwise similar to AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of AZD1222 or AZD2816 (or both) primary-series vaccination in a cohort of adult participants who were previously unvaccinated. METHODS In this phase 2/3, randomised, multinational, active-controlled, non-inferiority, immunobridging study, adult participants previously unvaccinated for COVID-19 were enrolled at 16 study sites in Brazil, South Africa, Poland, and the UK. Participants were stratified by age, sex, and comorbidity and randomly assigned 5:5:5:2 to receive a primary series of AZD1222 (AZD1222 group), AZD2816 (AZD2816 [4-week] group), or AZD1222-AZD2816 (AZD1222-AZD2816 group) at 4-week dosing intervals, or AZD2816 at a 12-week interval (AZD2816 [12-week] group) and evaluated for safety and immunogenicity through 180 days after dose 2. Primary outcomes were safety (rates of solicited adverse events occurring during 7 days and unsolicited adverse events occurring during 28 days after each dose) and immunogenicity (non-inferiority of pseudovirus neutralising antibody geometric mean titre [GMT], GMT ratio margin of 0·67, and seroresponse rate, rate difference margin of -10%, recorded 28 days after dose 2 with AZD2816 [4-week interval] against beta vs AZD1222 against ancestral SARS-CoV-2) in participants who were seronegative at baseline. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04973449, and is completed. FINDINGS Between July 7 and Nov 12, 2021, 1449 participants were assigned to the AZD1222 group (n=413), the AZD2816 (4-week) group (n=415), the AZD1222-AZD2816 group (n=412), and the AZD2816 (12-week) group (n=209). Ten (2·6%) of 378 participants who were seronegative at baseline in the AZD1222 group, nine (2·4%) of 379 in the AZD2816 (4-week) group, eight (2·1%) of 380 in the AZD1222-AZD2816 group, and 11 (5·8%) of 191 in the AZD2816 (12-week) group had vaccine-related unsolicited adverse events. Serious adverse events were recorded in one (0·3%) participant in the AZD1222 group, one (0·3%) in the AZD2816 (4-week) group, two (0·5%) in the AZD1222-AZD2816 group, and none in the AZD2816 (12-week) group. Co-primary immunogenicity endpoints were met: neutralising antibody GMT (ratio 1·19 [95% CI 1·08-1·32]; lower bound greater than 0·67) and seroresponse rate (difference 1·7% [-3·1 to 6·5]; lower bound greater than -10%) at 28 days after dose 2 were non-inferior in the AZD2816 (4-week) group against beta versus in the AZD1222 group against ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Seroresponse rates were highest with AZD2816 against beta (12-week interval 94·3% [95% CI 89·4-97·3]; 4-week interval 85·7% [81·5-89·2]) and with AZD1222 (84·6% [80·3-88·2]) against ancestral SARS-CoV-2. INTERPRETATION Primary series of AZD1222 and AZD2816 were well tolerated, with no emergent safety concerns. Both vaccines elicited robust immunogenicity against beta and ancestral SARS-CoV-2 with greater responses demonstrated when testing against SARS-CoV-2 strains that matched those targeted by the respective vaccine. These findings demonstrate the continued importance of ancestral COVID-19 vaccines in protecting against severe COVID-19 and highlight the feasibility of using the ChAdOx1 platform to develop COVID-19 vaccines against future SARS-CoV-2 variants. FUNDING AstraZeneca.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute for Global Health, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Brett Jepson
- Biometrics, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Qasim E Bhorat
- Soweto Clinical Trials Centre, Soweto, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Abdullahi Ahmad
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tauseefullah Akhund
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Parvinder K Aley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Himanshu Bansal
- Biometrics, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Kelly
- Formerly Translational Medicine, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Mark Khan
- Clinical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sam Matthews
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eveline Pipolo Milan
- Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Moléstias Infec, Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas de Natal, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Urban Olsson
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maheshi N Ramasamy
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Seth Seegobin
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathryn Shoemaker
- Biometrics, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ameena Szylak
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Tonya Villafana
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Justin A Green
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mikolajczyk R, Diexer S, Klee B, Pfrommer L, Purschke O, Fricke J, Ahnert P, Gabrysch S, Gottschick C, Bohn B, Brenner H, Buck C, Castell S, Gastell S, Greiser KH, Harth V, Heise JK, Holleczek B, Kaaks R, Keil T, Krist L, Leitzmann M, Lieb W, Meinke-Franze C, Michels KB, Velásquez IM, Obi N, Panreck L, Peters A, Pischon T, Schikowski T, Schmidt B, Standl M, Stang A, Völzke H, Weber A, Zeeb H, Karch A. Likelihood of Post-COVID Condition in people with hybrid immunity; data from the German National Cohort (NAKO). J Infect 2024; 89:106206. [PMID: 38897239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The risk of Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) under hybrid immunity remains unclear. METHODS Using data from the German National Cohort (NAKO Gesundheitsstudie), we investigated risk factors for self-reported post-infection symptoms (any PCC is defined as having at least one symptom, and high symptom burden PCC as having nine or more symptoms). RESULTS Sixty percent of 109,707 participants reported at least one previous SARS-CoV-2 infection; 35% reported having had any symptoms 4-12 months after infection; among them 23% reported nine or more symptoms. Individuals, who did not develop PCC after their first infection, had a strongly reduced risk for PCC after their second infection (50%) and a temporary risk reduction, which waned over 9 months after the preceding infection. The risk of developing PCC strongly depended on the virus variant. Within variants, there was no effect of the number of preceding vaccinations, apart from a strong protection by the fourth vaccination compared to three vaccinations for the Omicron variant (odds ratio = 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.61). CONCLUSIONS Previous infections without PCC and a fourth vaccination were associated with a lower risk of PCC after a new infection, indicating diminished risk under hybrid immunity. The two components of risk reduction after a preceding infection suggest different immunological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Sophie Diexer
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bianca Klee
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laura Pfrommer
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Oliver Purschke
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Fricke
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Ahnert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Gabrysch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Public Health, Berlin, Germany; Research Department 2, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Buck
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Castell
- Department for Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Gastell
- NAKO Study Centre, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg (ZfAM), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana-Kristin Heise
- Department for Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; State Institute of Health I, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lilian Krist
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Meinke-Franze
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karin B Michels
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilais Moreno Velásquez
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg (ZfAM), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Stang
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrea Weber
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany; Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Durier C, Ninove L, van der Werf S, Lefebvre M, Desaint C, Bauer R, Attia M, Lecompte AS, Lachatre M, Maakaroun-Vermesse Z, Nicolas JF, Verdon R, Kiladjian JJ, Loubet P, Schmidt-Mutter C, Corbin V, Ansart S, Melica G, Resch M, Netzer E, Kherabi Y, Tardieu R, Lelièvre JD, Tartour E, Meyer L, de Lamballerie X, Launay O. Incidence of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine symptomatic breakthrough infections during Omicron circulation in adults with or without infection prior to vaccination. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104886. [PMID: 38494117 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections were frequently reported during circulation of the Omicron variant. The ANRS|MIE CoviCompareP study investigated these infections in adults vaccinated and boosted with BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech] and with/without SARS-CoV-2 infection before vaccination. METHODS In the first half of 2021, healthy adults (aged 18-45, 65-74 and 75 or older) received either one dose of BNT162b2 (n = 120) if they had a documented history of SARS-CoV-2 infection at least five months previously, or two doses (n = 147) if they had no history confirmed by negative serological tests. A first booster dose was administered at least 6 months after the primary vaccination, and a second booster dose, if any, was reported in the database. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the European (D614G) strain and the Omicron BA.1 variant were assessed up to 28 days after the first booster dose. A case-control analysis was performed for the 252 participants who were followed up in 2022, during the Omicron waves. RESULTS From January to October 2022, 78/252 (31%) had a documented symptomatic breakthrough infection after full vaccination: 21/117 (18%) in those who had been infected before vaccination vs. 57/135 (42%) in those who had not. In a multivariate logistic regression model, factors associated with a lower risk of breakthrough infection were older age, a higher number of booster doses, and higher levels of Omicron BA.1 NAb titers in adults with infection before vaccination, but not in those without prior infection. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the need to consider immune markers of protection in association with infection and vaccination history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laetitia Ninove
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR 3569 CNRS, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Centre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Paris, France
| | - Maeva Lefebvre
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre de prévention des maladies infectieuses et transmissibles CHU de Nantes - CIC1413 Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Corinne Desaint
- INSERM US19, Villejuif, France; INSERM CIC 1417 Cochin Pasteur, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Mikael Attia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR 3569 CNRS, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Centre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lecompte
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre de prévention des maladies infectieuses et transmissibles CHU de Nantes - CIC1413 Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Lachatre
- INSERM CIC 1417 Cochin Pasteur, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Zoha Maakaroun-Vermesse
- Centre de Vaccination CHU de Tours, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1415, INSERM, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jean-François Nicolas
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France; CHU Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Renaud Verdon
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Caen, Dynamicure INSERM, UMR 1311, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Kiladjian
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, INSERM, CIC1427, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Paul Loubet
- VBMI, INSERM U1047, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Université de Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Violaine Corbin
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC1405, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Giovanna Melica
- Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses, APHP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, INSERM CIC 1430, Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Yousra Kherabi
- INSERM CIC 1417 Cochin Pasteur, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Eric Tartour
- APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, INSERM U970, PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Meyer
- INSERM US19, Villejuif, France; INSERM, CESP U1018, Université Paris Saclay, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Launay
- INSERM CIC 1417 Cochin Pasteur, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
O'Brien SF, Asamoah-Boaheng M, Grunau B, Krajden M, Buckeridge DL, Goldfarb DM, Anderson M, Germain M, Brown P, Stein DR, Kandola K, Tipples G, Awadalla P, Lang A, Behl L, Fitzpatrick T, Drews SJ. Canada's approach to SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveillance: Lessons learned for routine surveillance and future pandemics. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2024; 115:558-566. [PMID: 38981961 PMCID: PMC11382644 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-024-00901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
SETTING In Canada's federated healthcare system, 13 provincial and territorial jurisdictions have independent responsibility to collect data to inform health policies. During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023), national and regional sero-surveys mostly drew upon existing infrastructure to quickly test specimens and collect data but required cross-jurisdiction coordination and communication. INTERVENTION There were 4 national and 7 regional general population SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveys. Survey methodologies varied by participant selection approaches, assay choices, and reporting structures. We analyzed Canadian pandemic sero-surveillance initiatives to identify key learnings to inform future pandemic planning. OUTCOMES Over a million samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from 2020 to 2023 but siloed in 11 distinct datasets. Most national sero-surveys had insufficient sample size to estimate regional prevalence; differences in methodology hampered cross-regional comparisons of regional sero-surveys. Only four sero-surveys included questionnaires. Sero-surveys were not directly comparable due to different assays, sampling methodologies, and time-frames. Linkage to health records occurred in three provinces only. Dried blood spots permitted sample collection in remote populations and during stay-at-home orders. IMPLICATIONS To provide timely, high-quality information for public health decision-making, routine sero-surveillance systems must be adaptable, flexible, and scalable. National capability planning should include consortiums for assay design and validation, defined mechanisms to improve test capacity, base documents for data linkage and material transfer across jurisdictions, and mechanisms for real-time communication of data. Lessons learned will inform incorporation of a robust sero-survey program into routine surveillance with strategic sampling and capacity to adapt and scale rapidly as a part of a comprehensive national pandemic response plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila F O'Brien
- Epidemiology & Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael Asamoah-Boaheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian Grunau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Emergency Health Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- Public Health Laboratory, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David L Buckeridge
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David M Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maureen Anderson
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Ministry of Health, Government of Saskatchewan, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Marc Germain
- Affaires médicales et innovation, Héma-Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Brown
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derek R Stein
- Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kami Kandola
- Government of Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NT, Canada
| | - Graham Tipples
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Philip Awadalla
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Lang
- Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Lesley Behl
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Tiffany Fitzpatrick
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Medical Microbiology, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Diagnostics and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Figueroa AL, Ali K, Berman G, Zhou H, Deng W, Xu W, Lussier S, Girard B, Dutko FJ, Slobod K, Yeakey A, Priddy F, Miller JM, Das R. Safety and durability of mRNA-1273-induced SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in adolescents: results from the phase 2/3 TeenCOVE trial. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 74:102720. [PMID: 39091673 PMCID: PMC11293523 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Longitudinal changes in vaccination-induced immune response remain inadequately characterized in adolescents. We present long-term safety, immunogenicity, and COVID-19 incidence following a 2-dose mRNA-1273 100-μg primary series, and immunogenicity following a single dose of mRNA-1273 50 μg in vaccine-naïve adolescents. Methods TeenCOVE (NCT04649151) Part 1 randomized adolescents (12-17 years) to 2-dose mRNA-1273 100 μg (n = 2490) or placebo (n = 1243) 28 days apart. Subsequently, placebo recipients (n = 91) could receive open-label mRNA-1273. Primary objectives included prespecified adverse events through 12 months; secondary objectives were COVID-19 incidence and neutralizing and spike-binding antibodies (nAbs/bAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 (ancestral/variants) through 12 months (study period: December 2020-January 2022). In Part 2, vaccine-naïve adolescents (n = 52) received up to 2 doses of mRNA-1273 50 μg; interim analysis included Day 28 (D28) nAbs post-injection 1 in SARS-CoV-2-baseline-positive participants (serologic/virologic evidence of prior infection). Findings In SARS-CoV-2-baseline-negative adolescents (N = 369), mRNA-1273 induced robust nAb responses versus baseline (geometric mean concentration [GMC] = 11; 95% CI, 11-12) at D28 (1868 [1759-1985]), 6 months (625 [583-670]) and 12 months (550 [490-618]) post-injection 2. Similar bAb responses were observed to alpha/beta/delta/gamma variants; nAb/bAb responses were similar in SARS-CoV-2-baseline-positive adolescents. The 2-dose mRNA-1273 100-μg primary series was generally well-tolerated; one case of nonserious, moderate, probable acute myocarditis resolved by 8 days from symptom onset. A single dose of mRNA-1273 50 μg in SARS-CoV-2-baseline-positive adolescents induced higher D28 nAb GMCs against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 than 2-dose mRNA-1273 100 μg in young adults (geometric mean ratio = 4.322 [3.274-5.707]). Interpretation The overall risk-benefit profile of mRNA-1273 remains favorable in adolescents, with durable 12-month immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 (ancestral/variants). A single mRNA-1273 50-μg injection in vaccine-naïve adolescents elicited robust immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Funding This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds by the Department of Health and Human Services, United States; Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, United States; Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, United States, under Contract No. 75A50120C00034. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Health and Human Services or its components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kashif Ali
- Kool Kids Pediatrics, DM Clinical Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gary Berman
- Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Feng J, Pu Z, Li R, Li Y, Qin X, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Correlation between circulating T follicular helper cell levels after infection and a decreased risk of COVID-19 re-infection. Virol Sin 2024; 39:699-701. [PMID: 38852919 PMCID: PMC11401467 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Feng
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zeyu Pu
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rong Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuzhuang Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xuewen Qin
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang J. Immune responses in COVID-19 patients: Insights into cytokine storms and adaptive immunity kinetics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34577. [PMID: 39149061 PMCID: PMC11325674 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger cytokine storm in some patients, which characterized by an excessive production of cytokines and chemical mediators. This hyperactive immune response may cause significant tissue damage and multiple organ failure (MOF). The severity of COVID-19 correlates with the intensity of cytokine storm, involving elements such as IFN, NF-κB, IL-6, HMGB1, etc. It is imperative to rapidly engage adaptive immunity to effectively control the disease progression. CD4+ T cells facilitate an immune response by improving B cells in the production of neutralizing antibodies and activating CD8+ T cells, which are instrumental in eradicating virus-infected cells. Meanwhile, antibodies from B cells can neutralize virus, obstructing further infection of host cells. In individuals who have recovered from the disease, virus-specific antibodies and memory T cells were observed, which could confer a level of protection, reducing the likelihood of re-infection or attenuating severity. This paper discussed the roles of macrophages, IFN, IL-6 and HMGB1 in cytokine release syndrome (CRS), the intricacies of adaptive immunity, and the persistence of immune memory, all of which are critical for the prevention and therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Zhang
- Pulmonology Department, Fengdu General Hospital, Chongqing, 408200, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Klee B, Diexer S, Xu C, Gottschick C, Hartmann C, Meyer-Schlinkmann KM, Kuhlmann A, Rosendahl J, Binder M, Gekle M, Girndt M, Höll JI, Moor I, Sedding D, Moritz S, Frese T, Mikolajczyk R. Household transmission of Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 under conditions of hybrid immunity-a prospective study in Germany. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02352-4. [PMID: 39037678 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the protection offered by vaccinations and previous infections for the household transmission of Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS 34,666 participants of the German DigiHero cohort study with two or more household members were invited to a prospective household transmission study between June and December 2022. In case of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test in a household, symptom diaries were completed for at least 14 days. Dry blood spots (DBS) were taken from all household members at the beginning and six to eight weeks later. DBS were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. RESULTS 1191 individuals from 457 households participated. The risk of acquiring a SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased with higher S-titer levels at the time of exposure (from 80% at titer of 0 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml to 20% at titer of 3000 BAU/ml) and increased linearly with the time since vaccination/previous infection (20% for less than one month to 80% at one year). Transmission probability was also reduced when the symptoms of the primary case were mild and if preventive measures were implemented. CONCLUSION Vaccinations/previous infections offer a high protection against infection with the Omicron variant for a few months only, supporting the notion of seasonal circulation of the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Klee
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sophie Diexer
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chao Xu
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Carla Hartmann
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Alexander Kuhlmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Haematology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Medical Oncology and Laboratory for Translational Immuno-Oncology, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jessica I Höll
- Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Irene Moor
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Sedding
- Mid-German Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Moritz
- Section of Clinical Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Frese
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|