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Abbasifard M, Khorramdelazad H. Harmonizing hope: navigating the osteoarthritis melody through the CCL2/CCR2 axis for innovative therapeutic avenues. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387651. [PMID: 39076996 PMCID: PMC11284107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by a complex interplay of molecular signals orchestrated by the CCL2/CCR2 axis. The pathogenesis of OA has been revealed to be influenced by a multifaceted effect of CCL2/CCR2 signaling on inflammation, cartilage degradation, and joint homeostasis. The CCL2/CCR2 axis promotes immune cell recruitment and tips the balance toward degeneration by influencing chondrocyte behavior. Insights into these intricate pathways will offer novel therapeutic approaches, paving the way for targeted interventions that may redefine OA management in the future. This review article explores the molecular symphony through the lens of the CCL2/CCR2 axis, providing a harmonious blend of current knowledge and future directions on OA treatment. Furthermore, in this study, through a meticulous review of recent research, the key players and molecular mechanisms that amplify the catabolic cascade within the joint microenvironment are identified, and therapeutic approaches to targeting the CCL2/CCR axis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Abbasifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Wang L, Su J, Liu Z, Ding S, Li Y, Hou B, Hu Y, Dong Z, Tang J, Liu H, Liu W. Identification of immune-associated biomarkers of diabetes nephropathy tubulointerstitial injury based on machine learning: a bioinformatics multi-chip integrated analysis. BioData Min 2024; 17:20. [PMID: 38951833 PMCID: PMC11218417 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-024-00369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes and has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. A considerable number of DN patients have experienced irreversible end-stage renal disease progression due to the inability to diagnose the disease early. Therefore, reliable biomarkers that are helpful for early diagnosis and treatment are identified. The migration of immune cells to the kidney is considered to be a key step in the progression of DN-related vascular injury. Therefore, finding markers in this process may be more helpful for the early diagnosis and progression prediction of DN. METHODS The gene chip data were retrieved from the GEO database using the search term ' diabetic nephropathy '. The ' limma ' software package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DN and control samples. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed on genes obtained from the molecular characteristic database (MSigDB. The R package 'WGCNA' was used to identify gene modules associated with tubulointerstitial injury in DN, and it was crossed with immune-related DEGs to identify target genes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed on differentially expressed genes using the 'ClusterProfiler' software package in R. Three methods, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest (RF), were used to select immune-related biomarkers for diagnosis. We retrieved the tubulointerstitial dataset from the Nephroseq database to construct an external validation dataset. Unsupervised clustering analysis of the expression levels of immune-related biomarkers was performed using the 'ConsensusClusterPlus 'R software package. The urine of patients who visited Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from September 2021 to March 2023 was collected, and Elisa was used to detect the mRNA expression level of immune-related biomarkers in urine. Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect the effect of immune-related biomarker expression on renal function in DN patients. RESULTS Four microarray datasets from the GEO database are included in the analysis : GSE30122, GSE47185, GSE99340 and GSE104954. These datasets included 63 DN patients and 55 healthy controls. A total of 9415 genes were detected in the data set. We found 153 differentially expressed immune-related genes, of which 112 genes were up-regulated, 41 genes were down-regulated, and 119 overlapping genes were identified. GO analysis showed that they were involved in various biological processes including leukocyte-mediated immunity. KEGG analysis showed that these target genes were mainly involved in the formation of phagosomes in Staphylococcus aureus infection. Among these 119 overlapping genes, machine learning results identified AGR2, CCR2, CEBPD, CISH, CX3CR1, DEFB1 and FSTL1 as potential tubulointerstitial immune-related biomarkers. External validation suggested that the above markers showed diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing DN patients from healthy controls. Clinical studies have shown that the expression of AGR2, CX3CR1 and FSTL1 in urine samples of DN patients is negatively correlated with GFR, the expression of CX3CR1 and FSTL1 in urine samples of DN is positively correlated with serum creatinine, while the expression of DEFB1 in urine samples of DN is negatively correlated with serum creatinine. In addition, the expression of CX3CR1 in DN urine samples was positively correlated with proteinuria, while the expression of DEFB1 in DN urine samples was negatively correlated with proteinuria. Finally, according to the level of proteinuria, DN patients were divided into nephrotic proteinuria group (n = 24) and subrenal proteinuria group. There were significant differences in urinary AGR2, CCR2 and DEFB1 between the two groups by unpaired t test (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the role of immune-related biomarkers in DN tubulointerstitial injury and provides potential targets for early diagnosis and treatment of DN patients. Seven different genes ( AGR2, CCR2, CEBPD, CISH, CX3CR1, DEFB1, FSTL1 ), as promising sensitive biomarkers, may affect the progression of DN by regulating immune inflammatory response. However, further comprehensive studies are needed to fully understand their exact molecular mechanisms and functional pathways in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Su
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Ding
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaotan Li
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoluo Hou
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxi Dong
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Weijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Arfaei R, Mikaeili N, Daj F, Boroumand A, Kheyri A, Yaraghi P, Shirzad Z, Keshavarz M, Hassanshahi G, Jafarzadeh A, Shahrokhi VM, Khorramdelazad H. Decoding the role of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in Alzheimer's disease and innovating therapeutic approaches: Keeping All options open. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112328. [PMID: 38796962 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a neurodegenerative disorder, distresses the elderly in large numbers and is characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, elevated tau protein levels, and chronic inflammation. The brain's immune system is aided by microglia and astrocytes, which produce chemokines and cytokines. Nevertheless, dysregulated expression can cause hyperinflammation and lead to neurodegeneration. CCL2/CCR2 chemokines are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases exacerbating. Inflicting damage on nerves and central nervous system (CNS) cells is the function of this axis, which recruits and migrates immune cells, including monocytes and macrophages. It has been shown that targeting the CCL2/CCR2 axis may be a therapeutic option for inflammatory diseases. Using the current knowledge about the involvement of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in the immunopathogenesis of AD, this comprehensive review synthesizes existing information. It also explores potential therapeutic options, including modulation of the CCL2/CCR2 axis as a possible strategy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Arfaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Narges Mikaeili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Daj
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Armin Boroumand
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abbas Kheyri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Pegah Yaraghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Shirzad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keshavarz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Vahid Mohammadi Shahrokhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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4
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Georgakis MK, Malik R, El Bounkari O, Hasbani NR, Li J, Huffman JE, Shakt G, Tack RWP, Kimball TN, Asare Y, Morrison AC, Tsao NL, Judy R, Mitchell BD, Xu H, Montasser ME, Do R, Kenny EE, Loos RJ, Terry JG, Carr JJ, Bis JC, Psaty BM, Longstreth WT, Young KA, Lutz SM, Cho MH, Broome J, Khan AT, Wang FF, Heard-Costa N, Seshadri S, Vasan RS, Palmer ND, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, Yanek LR, Kral BG, Becker LC, Peyser PA, Bielak LF, Ammous F, Carson AP, Hall ME, Raffield LM, Rich SS, Post WS, Tracy RP, Taylor KD, Guo X, Mahaney MC, Curran JE, Blangero J, Clarke SL, Haessler JW, Hu Y, Assimes TL, Kooperberg C, Bernhagen J, Anderson CD, Damrauer SM, Zand R, Rotter JI, de Vries PS, Dichgans M. Rare damaging CCR2 variants are associated with lower lifetime cardiovascular risk. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.08.14.23294063. [PMID: 37645892 PMCID: PMC10462211 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.23294063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous work has shown a role of CCL2, a key chemokine governing monocyte trafficking, in atherosclerosis. However, it remains unknown whether targeting CCR2, the cognate receptor of CCL2, provides protection against human atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Methods Computationally predicted damaging or loss-of-function (REVEL>0.5) variants within CCR2 were detected in whole-exome-sequencing data from 454,775 UK Biobank participants and tested for association with cardiovascular endpoints in gene-burden tests. Given the key role of CCR2 in monocyte mobilization, variants associated with lower monocyte count were prioritized for experimental validation. The response to CCL2 of human cells transfected with these variants was tested in migration and cAMP assays. Validated damaging variants were tested for association with cardiovascular endpoints, atherosclerosis burden, and vascular risk factors. Significant associations were replicated in six independent datasets (n=1,062,595). Results Carriers of 45 predicted damaging or loss-of-function CCR2 variants (n=787 individuals) were at lower risk of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease. One of these variants (M249K, n=585, 0.15% of European ancestry individuals) was associated with lower monocyte count and with both decreased downstream signaling and chemoattraction in response to CCL2. While M249K showed no association with conventional vascular risk factors, it was consistently associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.66 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.54-0.81, p=6.1×10-5) and coronary artery disease (OR: 0.74 95%CI: 0.63-0.87, p=2.9×10-4) in the UK Biobank and in six replication cohorts. In a phenome-wide association study, there was no evidence of a higher risk of infections among M249K carriers. Conclusions Carriers of an experimentally confirmed damaging CCR2 variant are at a lower lifetime risk of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease without carrying a higher risk of infections. Our findings provide genetic support for the translational potential of CCR2-targeting as an atheroprotective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios K. Georgakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Omar El Bounkari
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie R. Hasbani
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Gabrielle Shakt
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reinier W. P. Tack
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamara N. Kimball
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yaw Asare
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noah L. Tsao
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renae Judy
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Huichun Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - May E. Montasser
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ron Do
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eimear E. Kenny
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Center for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James G. Terry
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W. T. Longstreth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kendra A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO, USA
| | - Sharon M Lutz
- Department of Population Medicine, PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jai Broome
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alyna T. Khan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fei Fei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nancy Heard-Costa
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Bigg’s Institute for Alzheimer’s Disease and neurodegenerative disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholette D. Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian G. Kral
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lewis C. Becker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A. Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lawrence F. Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Farah Ammous
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - April P. Carson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Michael E. Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Russel P. Tracy
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Michael C. Mahaney
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville TX USA
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville TX USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville TX USA
| | - Shoa L. Clarke
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - Yao Hu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK, Munich), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher D. Anderson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott M. Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ramin Zand
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Paul S. de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK, Munich), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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5
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Islamuddin M, Qin X. Renal macrophages and NLRP3 inflammasomes in kidney diseases and therapeutics. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:229. [PMID: 38740765 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are exceptionally diversified cell types and perform unique features and functions when exposed to different stimuli within the specific microenvironment of various kidney diseases. In instances of kidney tissue necrosis or infection, specific patterns associated with damage or pathogens prompt the development of pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1). These M1 macrophages contribute to exacerbating tissue damage, inflammation, and eventual fibrosis. Conversely, anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) arise in the same circumstances, contributing to kidney repair and regeneration processes. Impaired tissue repair causes fibrosis, and hence macrophages play a protective and pathogenic role. In response to harmful stimuli within the body, inflammasomes, complex assemblies of multiple proteins, assume a pivotal function in innate immunity. The initiation of inflammasomes triggers the activation of caspase 1, which in turn facilitates the maturation of cytokines, inflammation, and cell death. Macrophages in the kidneys possess the complete elements of the NLRP3 inflammasome, including NLRP3, ASC, and pro-caspase-1. When the NLRP3 inflammasomes are activated, it triggers the activation of caspase-1, resulting in the release of mature proinflammatory cytokines (IL)-1β and IL-18 and cleavage of Gasdermin D (GSDMD). This activation process therefore then induces pyroptosis, leading to renal inflammation, cell death, and renal dysfunction. The NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1-IL-1β-IL-18 pathway has been identified as a factor in the development of the pathophysiology of numerous kidney diseases. In this review, we explore current progress in understanding macrophage behavior concerning inflammation, injury, and fibrosis in kidneys. Emphasizing the pivotal role of activated macrophages in both the advancement and recovery phases of renal diseases, the article delves into potential strategies to modify macrophage functionality and it also discusses emerging approaches to selectively target NLRP3 inflammasomes and their signaling components within the kidney, aiming to facilitate the healing process in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Islamuddin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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6
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Habiba UE, Khan N, Greene DL, Shamim S, Umer A. The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic kidney disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:537-570. [PMID: 38418620 PMCID: PMC10963471 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) often causes chronic kidney damage despite best medical practices. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) arises from a complex interaction of factors within the kidney and the whole body. Targeting specific disease-causing agents using drugs has not been effective in treating DKD. However, stem cell therapies offer a promising alternative by addressing multiple disease pathways and promoting kidney regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer great promise due to their superior accessibility ratio from adult tissues and remarkable modes of action, such as the production of paracrine anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective substances. This review critically evaluates the development of MSC treatment for DKD as it moves closer to clinical application. Results from animal models suggest that systemic MSC infusion may positively impact DKD progression. However, few registered and completed clinical trials exist, and whether the treatments are effective in humans is still being determined. Significant knowledge gaps and research opportunities exist, including establishing the ideal source, dose, and timing of MSC delivery, better understanding of in vivo mechanisms, and developing quantitative indicators to obtain a more significant therapeutic response. This paper reviews recent literature on using MSCs in preclinical and clinical trials in DKD. Potent biomarkers related to DKD are also highlighted, which may help better understand MSCs' action in this disease progression. KEY MESSAGES: Mesenchymal stem cells have anti-inflammatory and paracrine effects in diabetic kidney disease. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate in animal models having diabetic kidney disease. Mesenchymal stem cells possess promise for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umm E Habiba
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA.
| | - Nasar Khan
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA.
- Bello Bio Labs and Therapeutics (SMC) Pvt. Ltd., Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - David Lawrence Greene
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA
- Bello Bio Labs and Therapeutics (SMC) Pvt. Ltd., Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sabiha Shamim
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA
| | - Amna Umer
- Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Jahangir Multiplex, Peshawar Road, Sector H-13, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- R3 Medical Research LLC, 10045 East Dynamite Boulevard Suite 260, Scottsdale, AZ, 85262, USA
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7
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Habiba UE, Khan N, Greene DL, Shamim S, Umer A. The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic kidney disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s00109-024-02432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) often causes chronic kidney damage despite best medical practices. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) arises from a complex interaction of factors within the kidney and the whole body. Targeting specific disease-causing agents using drugs has not been effective in treating DKD. However, stem cell therapies offer a promising alternative by addressing multiple disease pathways and promoting kidney regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer great promise due to their superior accessibility ratio from adult tissues and remarkable modes of action, such as the production of paracrine anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective substances. This review critically evaluates the development of MSC treatment for DKD as it moves closer to clinical application. Results from animal models suggest that systemic MSC infusion may positively impact DKD progression. However, few registered and completed clinical trials exist, and whether the treatments are effective in humans is still being determined. Significant knowledge gaps and research opportunities exist, including establishing the ideal source, dose, and timing of MSC delivery, better understanding of in vivo mechanisms, and developing quantitative indicators to obtain a more significant therapeutic response. This paper reviews recent literature on using MSCs in preclinical and clinical trials in DKD. Potent biomarkers related to DKD are also highlighted, which may help better understand MSCs’ action in this disease progression.
Key messages
Mesenchymal stem cells have anti-inflammatory and paracrine effects in diabetic kidney disease.
Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate in animal models having diabetic kidney disease.
Mesenchymal stem cells possess promise for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.
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8
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Dawson JRD, Wadman GM, Zhang P, Tebben A, Carter PH, Gu S, Shroka T, Borrega-Roman L, Salanga CL, Handel TM, Kufareva I. Molecular determinants of antagonist interactions with chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.15.567150. [PMID: 38014122 PMCID: PMC10680698 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
By driving monocyte chemotaxis, the chemokine receptor CCR2 shapes inflammatory responses and the formation of tumor microenvironments. This makes it a promising target in inflammation and immuno-oncology; however, despite extensive efforts, there are no FDA-approved CCR2-targeting therapeutics. Cited challenges include the redundancy of the chemokine system, suboptimal properties of compound candidates, and species differences that confound the translation of results from animals to humans. Structure-based drug design can rationalize and accelerate the discovery and optimization of CCR2 antagonists to address these challenges. The prerequisites for such efforts include an atomic-level understanding of the molecular determinants of action of existing antagonists. In this study, using molecular docking and artificial-intelligence-powered compound library screening, we uncover the structural principles of small molecule antagonism and selectivity towards CCR2 and its sister receptor CCR5. CCR2 orthosteric inhibitors are shown to universally occupy an inactive-state-specific tunnel between receptor helices 1 and 7; we also discover an unexpected role for an extra-helical groove accessible through this tunnel, suggesting its potential as a new targetable interface for CCR2 and CCR5 modulation. By contrast, only shape complementarity and limited helix 8 hydrogen bonding govern the binding of various chemotypes of allosteric antagonists. CCR2 residues S1012.63 and V2446.36 are implicated as determinants of CCR2/CCR5 and human/mouse orthosteric and allosteric antagonist selectivity, respectively, and the role of S1012.63 is corroborated through experimental gain-of-function mutagenesis. We establish a critical role of induced fit in antagonist recognition, reveal strong chemotype selectivity of existing structures, and demonstrate the high predictive potential of a new deep-learning-based compound scoring function. Finally, this study expands the available CCR2 structural landscape with computationally generated chemotype-specific models well-suited for structure-based antagonist design.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R D Dawson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Grant M Wadman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Percy H Carter
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
- (current affiliation) Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siyi Gu
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- (current affiliation) Lycia Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Thomas Shroka
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- (current affiliation) Avidity Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA
| | - Leire Borrega-Roman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catherina L Salanga
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Swaminathan SM, Rao IR, Bhojaraja MV, Attur RP, Nagri SK, Rangaswamy D, Shenoy SV, Nagaraju SP. Role of novel biomarker monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 in early diagnosis & predicting progression of diabetic kidney disease: A comprehensive review. J Natl Med Assoc 2024; 116:33-44. [PMID: 38195327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most devastating complication of diabetes mellitus. Identification of patients at the early stages of progression may reduce the disease burden. The limitation of conventional markers such as serum creatinine and proteinuria intensify the need for novel biomarkers. The traditional paradigm of DKD pathogenesis has expanded to the activation of the immune system and inflammatory pathways. Monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is extensively studied, as a key inflammatory mediator that modulates the development of DKD. Recent evidence supports the diagnostic role of MCP-1 in patients with or without proteinuria in DKD, as well as a significant role in the early prediction and risk stratification of DKD. In this review, we will summarize and update present evidence for MCP-1 for diagnostic ability and predicting the progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilna Muttickal Swaminathan
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Indu Ramachandra Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohan V Bhojaraja
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravindra Prabhu Attur
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dharshan Rangaswamy
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Vinayak Shenoy
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankar Prasad Nagaraju
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.
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Li J, Li L, Zhang Z, Chen P, Shu H, Yang C, Chu Y, Liu J. Ferroptosis: an important player in the inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294317. [PMID: 38111578 PMCID: PMC10725962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects millions of diabetic patients worldwide. The key to treating of DN is early diagnosis and prevention. Once the patient enters the clinical proteinuria stage, renal damage is difficult to reverse. Therefore, developing early treatment methods is critical. DN pathogenesis results from various factors, among which the immune response and inflammation play major roles. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and excessive ROS production. Recent studies have demonstrated that inflammation activation is closely related to the occurrence and development of ferroptosis. Moreover, hyperglycemia induces iron overload, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis, all of which are related to DN pathogenesis, indicating that ferroptosis plays a key role in the development of DN. Therefore, this review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, and the mutual regulatory processes involved in the occurrence and development of DN and inflammation. By discussing and analyzing the relationship between ferroptosis and inflammation in the occurrence and development of DN, we can deepen our understanding of DN pathogenesis and develop new therapeutics targeting ferroptosis or inflammation-related regulatory mechanisms for patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Luxin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- School of First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Peijian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Haiying Shu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Can Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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11
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Dou F, Liu Q, Lv S, Xu Q, Wang X, Liu S, Liu G. FN1 and TGFBI are key biomarkers of macrophage immune injury in diabetic kidney disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35794. [PMID: 37960829 PMCID: PMC10637504 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is complex, and the existing treatment methods cannot control disease progression well. Macrophages play an important role in the development of DKD. This study aimed to search for biomarkers involved in immune injury induced by macrophages in DKD. The GSE96804 dataset was downloaded and analyzed by the CIBERSORT algorithm to understand the differential infiltration of macrophages between DKD and normal controls. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to explore the correlation between gene expression modules and macrophages in renal tissue of DKD patients. Protein-protein interaction network and machine learning algorithm were used to screen the hub genes in the key modules. Subsequently, the GSE30528 dataset was used to further validate the expression of hub genes and analyze the diagnostic effect by the receiver operating characteristic curve. The clinical data were applied to explore the prognostic significance of hub genes. CIBERSORT analysis showed that macrophages increased significantly in DKD renal tissue samples. A total of ten modules were generated by weighted gene co-expression network analysis, of which the blue module was closely associated with macrophages. The blue module mainly played an important role in biological processes such as immune response and fibrosis. Fibronectin 1 (FN1) and transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI) were identified as hub genes of DKD patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed in the test cohort: FN1 and TGFBI had larger area under the curve values (0.99 and 0.88, respectively). Clinical validation showed that 2 hub genes were negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate in DKD patients. In addition, FN1 and TGFBI showed a strong positive correlation with macrophage alternative activation. FN1 and TGFBI are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of DKD patients, which may participate in immune response and fibrosis induced by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Dou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingzhen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shasha Lv
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiaoying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueling Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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12
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Leberzammer J, von Hundelshausen P. Chemokines, molecular drivers of thromboinflammation and immunothrombosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276353. [PMID: 37954596 PMCID: PMC10637585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood clotting is a finely regulated process that is essential for hemostasis. However, when dysregulated or spontaneous, it promotes thrombotic disorders. The fact that these are triggered, accompanied and amplified by inflammation is reflected in the term thromboinflammation that includes chemokines. The role of chemokines in thrombosis is therefore illuminated from a cellular perspective, where endothelial cells, platelets, red blood cells, and leukocytes may be both the source and target of chemokines. Chemokine-dependent prothrombotic processes may thereby occur independently of chemokine receptors or be mediated by chemokine receptors, although the binding and activation of classical G protein-coupled receptors and their signaling pathways differ from those of atypical chemokine receptors, which do not function via cell activation and recruitment. Regardless of binding to their receptors, chemokines can induce thrombosis by forming platelet-activating immune complexes with heparin or other polyanions that are pathognomonic for HIT and VITT. In addition, chemokines can bind to NETs and alter their structure. They also change the electrical charge of the cell surface of platelets and interact with coagulation factors, thereby modulating the balance of fibrinolysis and coagulation. Moreover, CXCL12 activates CXCR4 on platelets independently of classical migratory chemokine activity and causes aggregation and thrombosis via the PI3Kβ and Btk signaling pathways. In contrast, typical chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions are involved in the processes that contribute to the adhesiveness of the endothelium in the initial phase of venous thrombosis, where neutrophils and monocytes subsequently accumulate in massive numbers. Later, the reorganization and resolution of a thrombus require coordinated cell migration and invasion of the thrombus, and, as such, indeed, chemokines recruit leukocytes to existing thrombi. Therefore, chemokines contribute in many independent ways to thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Leberzammer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Institut für Prophylaxe und Epidemiologie der Kreislaufkrankheiten (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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13
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He S, Yao L, Li J. Role of MCP-1/CCR2 axis in renal fibrosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic targeting. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35613. [PMID: 37861543 PMCID: PMC10589562 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common pathological manifestation in various chronic kidney diseases. Inflammation plays a central role in renal fibrosis development. Owing to their significant participation in inflammation and autoimmunity, chemokines have always been the hot spot and focus of scientific research and clinical intervention. Among the chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), also known as C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, together with its main receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) are important chemokines in renal fibrosis. The MCP-1/CCR2 axis is activated when MCP-1 binds to CCR2. Activation of MCP-1/CCR2 axis can induce chemotaxis and activation of inflammatory cells, and initiate a series of signaling cascades in renal fibrosis. It mediates and promotes renal fibrosis by recruiting monocyte, promoting the activation and transdifferentiation of macrophages. This review summarizes the complex physical processes of MCP-1/CCR2 axis in renal fibrosis and addresses its general mechanism in renal fibrosis by using specific examples, together with the progress of targeting MCP-1/CCR2 in renal fibrosis with a view to providing a new direction for renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang He
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Basic and Applied Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Lan Yao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Blood Purification Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Basic and Applied Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
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14
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Jiang S, Su H. Cellular crosstalk of mesangial cells and tubular epithelial cells in diabetic kidney disease. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:288. [PMID: 37845726 PMCID: PMC10577991 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease and imposes a heavy global economic burden; however, little is known about its complicated pathophysiology. Investigating the cellular crosstalk involved in DKD is a promising avenue for gaining a better understanding of its pathogenesis. Nonetheless, the cellular crosstalk of podocytes and endothelial cells in DKD is better understood than that of mesangial cells (MCs) and renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). As the significance of MCs and TECs in DKD pathophysiology has recently become more apparent, we reviewed the existing literature on the cellular crosstalk of MCs and TECs in the context of DKD to acquire a comprehensive understanding of their cellular communication. Insights into the complicated mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of DKD would improve its early detection, care, and prognosis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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15
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Xu C, Ha X, Yang S, Tian X, Jiang H. Advances in understanding and treating diabetic kidney disease: focus on tubulointerstitial inflammation mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232790. [PMID: 37859992 PMCID: PMC10583558 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to end-stage kidney disease. Despite its significant impact, most research has concentrated on the glomerulus, with little attention paid to the tubulointerstitial region, which accounts for the majority of the kidney volume. DKD's tubulointerstitial lesions are characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of kidney function, and recent studies indicate that these lesions may occur earlier than glomerular lesions. Evidence has shown that inflammatory mechanisms in the tubulointerstitium play a critical role in the development and progression of these lesions. Apart from the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade, Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter-2(SGLT-2) inhibitors and new types of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have emerged as effective ways to treat DKD. Moreover, researchers have proposed potential targeted therapies, such as inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulating T cells and macrophages, among others. These therapies have demonstrated promising results in preclinical studies and clinical trials, suggesting their potential to treat DKD-induced tubulointerstitial lesions effectively. Understanding the immune-inflammatory mechanisms underlying DKD-induced tubulointerstitial lesions and developing targeted therapies could significantly improve the treatment and management of DKD. This review summarizes the latest advances in this field, highlighting the importance of focusing on tubulointerstitial inflammation mechanisms to improve DKD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengren Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaowen Ha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Shufen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hong Jiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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16
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Juha M, Molnár A, Jakus Z, Ledó N. NETosis: an emerging therapeutic target in renal diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253667. [PMID: 37744367 PMCID: PMC10514582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures composed of nuclear and granular components. The primary role of NETS is to prevent the dissemination of microbes and facilitate their elimination. However, this process is accompanied by collateral proinflammatory adverse effects when the NET release becomes uncontrollable, or clearance is impaired. Although NET-induced organ damage is conducted primarily and indirectly via immune complexes and the subsequent release of cytokines, their direct effects on cells are also remarkable. NETosis plays a critical pathogenic role in several renal disorders, such as the early phase of acute tubular necrosis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-mediated renal vasculitis, lupus nephritis, thrombotic microangiopathies, anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, and diabetic nephropathy. Their substantial contribution in the course of these disorders makes them a desirable target in the therapeutic armamentarium. This article gives an in-depth review of the heterogeneous pathogenesis and physiological regulations of NETosis and its pivotal role in renal diseases. Based on the pathogenesis, the article also outlines the current therapeutic options and possible molecular targets in the treatment of NET-related renal disorders. Methods We carried out thorough literature research published in PubMed and Google Scholar, including a comprehensive review and analysis of the classification, pathomechanisms, and a broad spectrum of NET-related kidney disorders. Conclusions NETosis plays a pivotal role in certain renal diseases. It initiates and maintains inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, thus making it a desirable target for improving patient and renal outcomes. Better understanding and clinical translation of the pathogenesis are crucial aspects to treatment, for improving patient, and renal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márk Juha
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adél Molnár
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Jakus
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Ledó
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Xu Y, Xiang Z, E W, Lang Y, Huang S, Qin W, Yang J, Chen Z, Liu Z. Single-cell transcriptomes reveal a molecular link between diabetic kidney and retinal lesions. Commun Biol 2023; 6:912. [PMID: 37670124 PMCID: PMC10480496 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are closely associated in patients with diabetes. However, the cellular and molecular linkage of DN and DR has not been elucidated, and further revelations are needed to improve mutual prognostic decisions and management. Here, we generate and integrate single-cell RNA sequencing profiles of kidney and retina to explore the cellular and molecular association of kidney and retina in both physiological and pathological conditions. We find renal mesangial cells and retinal pericytes share molecular features and undergo similar molecular transitions under diabetes. Furthermore, we uncover that chemokine regulation shared by the two cell types is critical for the co-occurrence of DN and DR, and the chemokine score can be used for the prognosis of DN complicated with DR. These findings shed light on the mechanism of the co-occurrence of DN and DR and could improve the prevention and treatments of diabetic microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhidan Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weigao E
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Lang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijia Huang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weisong Qin
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingping Yang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhaohong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Jin S, Song Y, Zhou L, Jiang W, Qin L, Wang Y, Yu R, Liu Y, Diao Y, Zhang F, Liu K, Li P, Hu H, Jiang B, Tang W, Yi F, Gong Y, Liu G, Sun G. Depletion of CUL4B in macrophages ameliorates diabetic kidney disease via miR-194-5p/ITGA9 axis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112550. [PMID: 37224018 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most prevalent chronic kidney disease. Macrophage infiltration in the kidney is critical for the progression of DKD. However, the underlying mechanism is far from clear. Cullin 4B (CUL4B) is the scaffold protein in CUL4B-RING E3 ligase complexes. Previous studies have shown that depletion of CUL4B in macrophages aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis and septic shock. In this study, using two mouse models for DKD, we demonstrate that myeloid deficiency of CUL4B alleviates diabetes-induced renal injury and fibrosis. In vivo and in vitro analyses reveal that loss of CUL4B suppresses migration, adhesion, and renal infiltration of macrophages. Mechanistically, we show that high glucose upregulates CUL4B in macrophages. CUL4B represses expression of miR-194-5p, which leads to elevated integrin α9 (ITGA9), promoting migration and adhesion. Our study suggests the CUL4B/miR-194-5p/ITGA9 axis as an important regulator for macrophage infiltration in diabetic kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Liping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ruiqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yujie Diao
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Peishan Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huili Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Systems Biomedicine and Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Baichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Guangyi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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19
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Chen D, Shao M, Song Y, Ren G, Guo F, Fan X, Wang Y, Zhang W, Qin G. Single-cell RNA-seq with spatial transcriptomics to create an atlas of human diabetic kidney disease. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22938. [PMID: 37130011 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202013rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) develops in ~40% of patients with diabetes and is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. We used single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analyses of kidney specimens from patients with DKD. Unsupervised clustering revealed distinct cell clusters, including epithelial cells and fibroblasts. We also identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and assessed enrichment, and cell-cell interactions. Specific enrichment of DKD was evident in venous endothelial cells (VECs) and fibroblasts with elevated CCL19 expression. The DEGs in most kidney parenchymal cells in DKD were primarily enriched in inflammatory signaling pathways. Intercellular crosstalk revealed that most cell interactions in DKD are associated with chemokines. Spatial transcriptomics revealed that VECs co-localized with fibroblasts, with most immune cells being enriched in areas of renal fibrosis. These results provided insight into the cell populations, intercellular interactions, and signaling pathways underlying the pathogenesis and potential targets for treating DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaofei Ren
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xunjie Fan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Yu H, Song YY, Li XH. Early diabetic kidney disease: Focus on the glycocalyx. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:460-480. [PMID: 37273258 PMCID: PMC10236994 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is sharply increasing worldwide. Microalbuminuria is the primary clinical marker used to identify DKD, and its initiating step in diabetes is glomerular endothelial cell dysfunction, particularly glycocalyx impairment. The glycocalyx found on the surface of glomerular endothelial cells, is a dynamic hydrated layer structure composed of pro-teoglycans, glycoproteins, and some adsorbed soluble components. It reinforces the negative charge barrier, transduces the shear stress, and mediates the interaction of blood corpuscles and podocytes with endothelial cells. In the high-glucose environment of diabetes, excessive reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines can damage the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) both directly and indirectly, which induces the production of microalbuminuria. Further research is required to elucidate the role of the podocyte glycocalyx, which may, together with endothelial cells, form a line of defense against albumin filtration. Interestingly, recent research has confirmed that the negative charge barrier function of the glycocalyx found in the glomerular basement membrane and its repulsion effect on albumin is limited. Therefore, to improve the early diagnosis and treatment of DKD, the potential mechanisms of EG degradation must be analyzed and more responsive and controllable targets must be explored. The content of this review will provide insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Yun Song
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xian-Hua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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21
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Zamarrón E, Jaureguizar A, García-Sánchez A, Díaz-Cambriles T, Alonso-Fernández A, Lores V, Mediano O, Troncoso-Acevedo F, Cabello-Pelegrín S, Morales-Ruíz E, Ramírez-Prieto MT, Valiente-Díaz MI, Gómez-García T, Casitas R, Martínez-Cerón E, Galera R, Cubillos-Zapata C, García-Río F. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Effect on Albuminuria Progression in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:757-767. [PMID: 36342964 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1091oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with impaired glycemic control and a higher risk of vascular complications, such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the effect of apnea-hypopnea suppression on DKD progression is unclear. Objectives: To assess the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in patients with DKD and OSA. Methods: In a 52-week, multicentric, open-label, parallel, and randomized clinical trial, 185 patients with OSA and DKD were randomized to CPAP and usual care (n = 93) or usual care alone (n = 92). Measurements and Main Results: UACR, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum concentrations of creatinine and glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, lipid concentrations, sleepiness, and quality of life. A 52-week change in UACR from baseline did not differ significantly between the CPAP group and the usual-care group. However, in per-protocol analyses that included 125 participants who met prespecified criteria for adherence, CPAP treatment was associated with a great reduction in UACR (mean difference, -10.56% [95% confidence interval, -19.06 to -2.06]; P = 0.015). CPAP effect on UACR was higher in nonsleepy patients with more severe OSA, worse renal function, and a more recent diagnosis of DKD. CPAP treatment also improved glycemic control and insulin resistance, as well as sleepiness and health-related quality of life. Conclusions: In patients with OSA and DKD, the prescription of CPAP did not result in a statistically significant reduction in albuminuria. However, good adherence to CPAP treatment in addition to usual care may result in long-term albuminuria reduction compared with usual care alone. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02816762).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Zamarrón
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Jaureguizar
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Trinidad Díaz-Cambriles
- Servicio de Neumología and
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Alonso-Fernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Neumología and
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Vanesa Lores
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Mediano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernanda Troncoso-Acevedo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Neumología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Sheila Cabello-Pelegrín
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - María T Ramírez-Prieto
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Gómez-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Neumología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Raquel Casitas
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Martínez-Cerón
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Galera
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Cubillos-Zapata
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Río
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Zhou H, Mu L, Yang Z, Shi Y. Identification of a novel immune landscape signature as effective diagnostic markers related to immune cell infiltration in diabetic nephropathy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1113212. [PMID: 36969169 PMCID: PMC10030848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe study aimed to identify core biomarkers related to diagnosis and immune microenvironment regulation and explore the immune molecular mechanism of diabetic nephropathy (DN) through bioinformatics analysis.MethodsGSE30529, GSE99325, and GSE104954 were merged with removing batch effects, and different expression genes (DEGs) were screened at a criterion |log2FC| >0.5 and adjusted P <0.05. KEGG, GO, and GSEA analyses were performed. Hub genes were screened by conducting PPI networks and calculating node genes using five algorithms with CytoHubba, followed by LASSO and ROC analysis to accurately identify diagnostic biomarkers. In addition, two different GEO datasets, GSE175759 and GSE47184, and an experiment cohort with 30 controls and 40 DN patients detected by IHC, were used to validate the biomarkers. Moreover, ssGSEA was performed to analyze the immune microenvironment in DN. Wilcoxon test and LASSO regression were used to determine the core immune signatures. The correlation between biomarkers and crucial immune signatures was calculated by Spearman analysis. Finally, cMap was used to explore potential drugs treating renal tubule injury in DN patients.ResultsA total of 509 DEGs, including 338 upregulated and 171 downregulated genes, were screened out. “chemokine signaling pathway” and “cell adhesion molecules” were enriched in both GSEA and KEGG analysis. CCR2, CX3CR1, and SELP, especially for the combination model of the three genes, were identified as core biomarkers with high diagnostic capabilities with striking AUC, sensitivity, and specificity in both merged and validated datasets and IHC validation. Immune infiltration analysis showed a notable infiltration advantage for APC co-stimulation, CD8+ T cells, checkpoint, cytolytic activity, macrophages, MHC class I, and parainflammation in the DN group. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that CCR2, CX3CR1, and SELP were strongly and positively correlated with checkpoint, cytolytic activity, macrophages, MHC class I, and parainflammation in the DN group. Finally, dilazep was screened out as an underlying compound for DN analyzed by CMap.ConclusionsCCR2, CX3CR1, and SELP are underlying diagnostic biomarkers for DN, especially in their combination. APC co-stimulation, CD8+ T cells, checkpoint, cytolytic activity, macrophages, MHC class I, and parainflammation may participate in the occurrence and development of DN. At last, dilazep may be a promising drug for treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huandi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Mu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhifen Yang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Shi,
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23
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Lei W, Jia L, Wang Z, Liang Z, Aizhen Z, Liu Y, Tian Y, Zhao L, Chen Y, Shi G, Yang Z, Yang Y, Xu X. CC chemokines family in fibrosis and aging: From mechanisms to therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101900. [PMID: 36871782 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a universal aging-related pathological process in the different organ, but is actually a self-repair excessive response. To date, it still remains a large unmet therapeutic need to restore injured tissue architecture without detrimental side effects, due to the limited clinical success in the treatment of fibrotic disease. Although specific organ fibrosis and the associated triggers have distinct pathophysiological and clinical manifestations, they often share involved cascades and common traits, including inflammatory stimuli, endothelial cell injury, and macrophage recruitment. These pathological processes can be widely controlled by a kind of cytokines, namely chemokines. Chemokines act as a potent chemoattractant to regulate cell trafficking, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Based on the position and number of N-terminal cysteine residues, chemokines are divided into four groups: the CXC group, the CX3C group, the (X)C group, and the CC group. The CC chemokine classes (28 members) is the most numerous and diverse subfamily of the four chemokine groups. In this Review, we summarized the latest advances in the understanding of the importance of CC chemokine in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and aging and discussed potential clinical therapeutic strategies and perspectives aimed at resolving excessive scarring formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Liyuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhao Aizhen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yawu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Guangyong Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Xuezeng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Hu Q, Chen Y, Deng X, Li Y, Ma X, Zeng J, Zhao Y. Diabetic nephropathy: Focusing on pathological signals, clinical treatment, and dietary regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114252. [PMID: 36641921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes. However, due to its complex pathological mechanisms, no effective therapeutic methods (other than ACEIs and ARBs) have been applied, which have been used for many years in clinical practice. Recent studies have shown that emerging therapeutics, including novel target-based pharmacotherapy, cell therapies, and dietary regulation, are leading to new hopes for DN management. This review aims to shed new light on the treatment of DN by describing the important pathological mechanisms of DN and by analysing recent advances in clinical treatment, including drug therapy, cell therapy, and dietary regulation. In pathological mechanisms, RAAS activation, AGE accumulation, and EMT are involved in inflammation, cellular stress, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. In pharmacotherapy, several new therapeutics, including SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, and MRAs, are receiving public attention. In addition, stem cell therapies and dietary regulation are also being emphasized. Herein, we highlight the importance of combining therapy and dietary regulation in the treatment of DN and anticipate more basic research or clinical trials to verify novel strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xinyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yubing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
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25
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Rayego-Mateos S, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Mora-Fernández C, Marchant V, Donate-Correa J, Navarro-González JF, Ortiz A, Ruiz-Ortega M. Targeting inflammation to treat diabetic kidney disease: the road to 2030. Kidney Int 2023; 103:282-296. [PMID: 36470394 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the fastest growing causes of chronic kidney disease and associated morbidity and mortality. Preclinical research has demonstrated the involvement of inflammation in its pathogenesis and in the progression of kidney damage, supporting clinical trials designed to explore anti-inflammatory strategies. However, the recent success of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone has changed both guidelines and standard of care, rendering obsolete older studies directly targeting inflammatory mediators and the clinical development was discontinued for most anti-inflammatory drugs undergoing clinical trials for DKD in 2016. Given the contribution of inflammation to the pathogenesis of DKD, we review the impact on kidney inflammation of the current standard of care, therapies undergoing clinical trials, or repositioned drugs for DKD. Moreover, we review recent advances in the molecular regulation of inflammation in DKD and discuss potential novel therapeutic strategies with clinical relevance. Finally, we provide a road map for future research aimed at integrating the growing knowledge on inflammation and DKD into clinical practice to foster improvement of patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Ricord2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Spain
| | - Raul R Rodrigues-Diez
- Ricord2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Spain; Translational Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias ISPA, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernandez-Fernandez
- Ricord2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Spain; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Ricord2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Spain; Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Ricord2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Spain
| | - Javier Donate-Correa
- Ricord2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Spain; Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Ricord2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Spain; Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Nephrology Service, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Ricord2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Spain; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Ricord2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Spain.
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26
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Shroka TM, Kufareva I, Salanga CL, Handel TM. The dual-function chemokine receptor CCR2 drives migration and chemokine scavenging through distinct mechanisms. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo4314. [PMID: 36719944 PMCID: PMC10091583 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is a dual-function receptor. Similar to other G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, it promotes monocyte infiltration into tissues in response to the chemokine CCL2, and, like atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs), it scavenges chemokine from the extracellular environment. CCR2 therefore mediates CCL2-dependent signaling as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and also limits CCL2 signaling as a scavenger receptor. We investigated the mechanisms underlying CCR2 scavenging, including the involvement of intracellular proteins typically associated with GPCR signaling and internalization. Using CRISPR knockout cell lines, we showed that CCR2 scavenged by constitutively internalizing to remove CCL2 from the extracellular space and recycling back to the cell surface for further rounds of ligand sequestration. This process occurred independently of G proteins, GPCR kinases (GRKs), β-arrestins, and clathrin, which is distinct from other "professional" chemokine scavenger receptors that couple to GRKs, β-arrestins, or both. These findings set the stage for understanding the molecular regulators that determine CCR2 scavenging and may have implications for drug development targeting this therapeutically important receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Shroka
- Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Catherina L Salanga
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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27
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Jin Q, Liu T, Chen D, Yang L, Mao H, Ma F, Wang Y, Li P, Zhan Y. Therapeutic potential of artemisinin and its derivatives in managing kidney diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097206. [PMID: 36874000 PMCID: PMC9974673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin, an antimalarial traditional Chinese herb, is isolated from Artemisia annua. L, and has shown fewer side effects. Several pieces of evidence have demonstrated that artemisinin and its derivatives exhibited therapeutic effects on diseases like malaria, cancer, immune disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the antimalarial drugs demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, regulating the immune system and autophagy and modulating glycolipid metabolism properties, suggesting an alternative for managing kidney disease. This review assessed the pharmacological activities of artemisinin. It summarized the critical outcomes and probable mechanism of artemisinins in treating kidney diseases, including inflammatory, oxidative stress, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, glycolipid metabolism, insulin resistance, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and acute kidney injury, suggesting the therapeutic potential of artemisinin and its derivatives in managing kidney diseases, especially the podocyte-associated kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jin
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Danqian Chen
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
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28
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Wang X, Zhao J, Li Y, Rao J, Xu G. Epigenetics and endoplasmic reticulum in podocytopathy during diabetic nephropathy progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1090989. [PMID: 36618403 PMCID: PMC9813850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1090989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome are symptoms of podocytopathies, kidney diseases caused by direct or indirect podocyte damage. Human health worldwide is threatened by diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the world. DN development and progression are largely dependent on inflammation. The effects of podocyte damage on metabolic disease and inflammatory disorders have been documented. Epigenetic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are also evident in DN. Targeting inflammation pathway and ER stress in podocytes may be a prospective therapy to prevent the progression of DN. Here, we review the mechanism of epigenetics and ER stress on podocyte inflammation and apoptosis, and discuss the potential amelioration of podocytopathies by regulating epigenetics and ER stress as well as by targeting inflammatory signaling, which provides a theoretical basis for drug development to ameliorate DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Xiaokang Wang,
| | - Jingqian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanqing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaoyu Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gengrui Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Kim YK, Ning X, Munir KM, Davis SN. Emerging drugs for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2022; 27:417-430. [PMID: 36472144 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2022.2155632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy remains a significant economic and social burden on both the individual patient and health-care systems as the prevalence of diabetes increases in the general population. The complex pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease poses a challenge in the development of effective medical treatments for the disease. However, the multiple facets of diabetic nephropathy also offer a variety of potential strategies to manage this condition. AREAS COVERED We retrieved PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov records to identify studies and articles focused on new pharmacologic advances to treat diabetic nephropathy. EXPERT OPINION RAAS blockers have remained the mainstay of therapy for DM nephropathy for many years, with only recent advancements with SGLT2 inhibitors and nonsteroidal MRAs. Better understanding of the long-term renal effects of ambient hyperglycemia, ranging from hemodynamic changes to increased production of oxidative and pro-inflammatory substances, has evolved our approach to the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. With continuing research for new therapeutics as well as combination therapy, the medical community may be able to better ease the burden of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinyuan Ning
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kashif M Munir
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen N Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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30
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Ranjbar M, Rahimi A, Baghernejadan Z, Ghorbani A, Khorramdelazad H. Role of CCL2/CCR2 axis in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and possible Treatments: All options on the Table. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109325. [PMID: 36252475 PMCID: PMC9561120 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is cause of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In the last two years, SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people worldwide with different waves, resulting in the death of many individuals. The evidence disclosed that the host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 play a pivotal role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. In addition to inducing antiviral immune responses, SARS-CoV-2 can also cause dysregulated inflammatory responses characterized by the noticeable release of proinflammatory mediators in COVID-19 patients. Among these proinflammatory mediators, chemokines are considered a subset of cytokines that participate in the chemotaxis process to recruit immune and non-immune cells to the site of inflammation and infection. Researchers have demonstrated that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and its receptor (CCR2) are involved in the recruitment of monocytes and infiltration of these cells into the lungs of patients suffering from COVID-19. Moreover, elevated levels of CCL2 have been reported in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from patients with severe COVID-19, initiating cytokine storm and promoting CD163+ myeloid cells infiltration in the airways and further alveolar damage. Therefore, CCL2/CCR axis plays a key role in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and targeted therapy of involved molecules in this axis can be a potential therapeutic approach for these patients. This review discusses the biology of the CCL2/CCR2 axis as well as the role of this axis in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis, along with therapeutic options aimed at inhibiting CCL2/CCR2 and modulating dysregulated inflammatory responses in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Ranjbar
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Baghernejadan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Ghorbani
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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31
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Jiang Y, Cai C, Zhang P, Luo Y, Guo J, Li J, Rong R, Zhang Y, Zhu T. Transcriptional profile changes after treatment of ischemia reperfusion injury-induced kidney fibrosis with 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid. Ren Fail 2022; 44:660-671. [PMID: 35699239 PMCID: PMC9225714 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2061998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by renal fibrosis without effective therapy. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is reported to have detoxification and anti-inflammatory functions and promotes tissue repair. However, the role of GA in CKD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether GA has a potential therapeutic effect in kidney fibrosis. Methods A renal fibrosis mouse model was established by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury via clamping unilateral left renal pedicle for 45 min; then, the mice were treated with vehicle or GA. Kidney tissues and blood samples were extracted 14 days after reperfusion and renal function, histopathological staining, quantitative PCR, and western blotting were performed. RNA-seq was performed to explore the changes in the transcriptional profile after GA treatment. Results Renal function, pathological and molecular analysis displayed that fibrosis was successfully induced in the I/R model. In the GA treatment group, the severity of fibrosis gradually reduced with the best effect seen at a concentration of 25 mg kg −1. A total of 970 differentially expressed genes were identified. Pathway enrichment showed that reduced activation and migration of inflammatory cells and decreased chemokine interaction in significant pathways. Protein–protein interaction networks were constructed and 15 hub genes were selected by degree rank, including chemokines, such as C3, Ccl6, Ccr2, Ptafr, Timp1, and Pf4. Conclusions GA may alleviate renal fibrosis by inhibiting the inflammatory response. GA is a promising therapy that may perhaps be used in treating renal fibrosis and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Jiang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chengzhe Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Pingbao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ruiming Rong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Tang J, Liu F, Cooper ME, Chai Z. Renal fibrosis as a hallmark of diabetic kidney disease: Potential role of targeting transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and related molecules. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:721-738. [PMID: 36217308 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2133698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Currently, there is no effective treatment to completely prevent DKD progression to ESRD. Renal fibrosis and inflammation are the major pathological features of DKD, being pursued as potential therapeutic targets for DKD. AREAS COVERED Inflammation and renal fibrosis are involved in the pathogenesis of DKD. Anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed to combat DKD but without efficacy demonstrated. Thus, we have focused on the mechanisms of TGF-β-induced renal fibrosis in DKD, as well as discussing the important molecules influencing the TGF-β signaling pathway and their potential development into new pharmacotherapies, rather than targeting the ligand TGF-β and/or its receptors, such options include Smads, microRNAs, histone deacetylases, connective tissue growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein 7, hepatocyte growth factor, and cell division autoantigen 1. EXPERT OPINION TGF-β is a critical driver of renal fibrosis in DKD. Molecules that modulate TGF-β signaling rather than TGF-β itself are potentially superior targets to safely combat DKD. A comprehensive elucidation of the pathogenesis of DKD is important, which requires a better model system and access to clinical samples via collaboration between basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Tang
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhonglin Chai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Huang W, Chen YY, Li ZQ, He FF, Zhang C. Recent Advances in the Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810882. [PMID: 36142794 PMCID: PMC9506036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The treatment of DKD is strongly associated with clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Traditional therapeutic strategies focus on the control of major risk factors, such as blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors have been the main therapeutic measures in the past, but the emergence of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, incretin mimetics, and endothelin-1 receptor antagonists has provided more options for the management of DKD. Simultaneously, with advances in research on the pathogenesis of DKD, some new therapies targeting renal inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress have gradually entered clinical application. In addition, some recently discovered therapeutic targets and signaling pathways, mainly in preclinical and early clinical trial stages, are expected to provide benefits for patients with DKD in the future. This review summarizes the traditional treatments and emerging management options for DKD, demonstrating recent advances in the therapeutic strategies for DKD.
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Chen J, Liu Q, He J, Li Y. Immune responses in diabetic nephropathy: Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958790. [PMID: 36045667 PMCID: PMC9420855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic, inflammatory disease affecting millions of diabetic patients worldwide. DN is associated with proteinuria and progressive slowing of glomerular filtration, which often leads to end-stage kidney diseases. Due to the complexity of this metabolic disorder and lack of clarity about its pathogenesis, it is often more difficult to diagnose and treat than other kidney diseases. Recent studies have highlighted that the immune system can inadvertently contribute to DN pathogenesis. Cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses can target the kidney due to increased expression of immune-related localization factors. Immune cells then activate a pro-inflammatory response involving the release of autocrine and paracrine factors, which further amplify inflammation and damage the kidney. Consequently, strategies to treat DN by targeting the immune responses are currently under study. In light of the steady rise in DN incidence, this timely review summarizes the latest findings about the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of DN and discusses promising preclinical and clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinhan He
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He, ; Yanping Li,
| | - Yanping Li
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He, ; Yanping Li,
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35
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Fu Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Tang C, Cai J, Chen G, Dong Z. p53/sirtuin 1/NF-κB Signaling Axis in Chronic Inflammation and Maladaptive Kidney Repair After Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:925738. [PMID: 35874713 PMCID: PMC9301469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to maladaptive kidney repair, but its regulation is unclear. Here, we report that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is downregulated after repeated low-dose cisplatin (RLDC) injury, and this downregulation leads to p65 acetylation and consequent NF-κB activation resulting in a persistent inflammatory response. RLDC induced the down-regulation of SIRT1 and activation of NF-κB, which were accompanied by chronic tubular damage, tubulointerstitial inflammation, and fibrosis in mice. Inhibition of NF-κB suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrotic phenotypes in RLDC-treated renal tubular cells. SIRT1 activation by its agonists markedly reduced the acetylation of p65 (a key component of NF-κB), resulting in the attenuation of the inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Conversely, knockdown of SIRT1 exacerbated these cellular changes. At the upstream, p53 was activated after RLDC treatment to repress SIRT1, resulting in p65 acetylation, NF-κB activation and transcription of inflammatory cytokines. In mice, SIRT1 agonists attenuated RLDC-induced chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and renal fibrosis. Together, these results unveil the p53/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling axis in maladaptive kidney repair following RLDC treatment, where p53 represses SIRT1 to increase p65 acetylation for NF-κB activation, leading to chronic renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zheng Dong,
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Magkrioti C, Antonopoulou G, Fanidis D, Pliaka V, Sakellaropoulos T, Alexopoulos LG, Ullmer C, Aidinis V. Lysophosphatidic Acid Is a Proinflammatory Stimulus of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137452. [PMID: 35806457 PMCID: PMC9267536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to a spectrum of diseases defined by renal fibrosis, permanent alterations in kidney structure, and low glomerular-filtration rate. Prolonged epithelial-tubular damage involves a series of changes that eventually lead to CKD, highlighting the importance of tubular epithelial cells in this process. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that signals mainly through its six cognate LPA receptors and is implicated in several chronic inflammatory pathological conditions. In this report, we have stimulated human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HKC-8) with LPA and 175 other possibly pathological stimuli, and simultaneously detected the levels of 27 intracellular phosphoproteins and 32 extracellular secreted molecules with multiplex ELISA. This quantification revealed a large amount of information concerning the signaling and the physiology of HKC-8 cells that can be extrapolated to other proximal tubular epithelial cells. LPA responses clustered with pro-inflammatory stimuli such as TNF and IL-1, promoting the phosphorylation of important inflammatory signaling hubs, including CREB1, ERK1, JUN, IκΒα, and MEK1, as well as the secretion of inflammatory factors of clinical relevance, including CCL2, CCL3, CXCL10, ICAM1, IL-6, and IL-8, most of them shown for the first time in proximal tubular epithelial cells. The identified LPA-induced signal-transduction pathways, which were pharmacologically validated, and the secretion of the inflammatory factors offer novel insights into the possible role of LPA in CKD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Magkrioti
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (G.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Georgia Antonopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (G.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Dionysios Fanidis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (G.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Vaia Pliaka
- ProtATonce Ltd., 15343 Athens, Greece; (V.P.); (T.S.); (L.G.A.)
| | | | - Leonidas G. Alexopoulos
- ProtATonce Ltd., 15343 Athens, Greece; (V.P.); (T.S.); (L.G.A.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - Christoph Ullmer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (G.A.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Tan HB, Zheng YQ, Zhuang YP. IL-17A in diabetic kidney disease: protection or damage. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108707. [PMID: 35344813 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of IL-17A in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has received increasing attention. Interleukin (IL)-17A promotes renal inflammation and the progression of DKD, and IL-17A deficiency improves experimental DKD. However, recent studies have found that the effect of IL-17A on DKD is more complicated than the negative impact. IL-17A alleviates renal inflammation and fibrosis via regulating autophagy or the macrophage phenotype. Moreover, paradoxical expression of IL-17A has been reported in human DKD. This review focuses on how IL-17A affects the progression of DKD and the resulting opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Tan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yan-Qiu Zheng
- Pi-Wei Institute, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yu-Pei Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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38
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Liang W, Qi Y, Yi H, Mao C, Meng Q, Wang H, Zheng C. The Roles of Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Human Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908749. [PMID: 35757707 PMCID: PMC9222901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a population of immune cells functioning in antigen presentation and inflammatory response. Research has demonstrated that macrophages belong to a cell lineage with strong plasticity and heterogeneity and can be polarized into different phenotypes under different microenvironments or stimuli. Many macrophages can be recruited by various cytokines secreted by adipose tissue. The recruited macrophages further secrete various inflammatory factors to act on adipocytes, and the interaction between the two leads to chronic inflammation. Previous studies have indicated that adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are closely related to metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes. Here, we will not only conclude the current progress of factors affecting the polarization of adipose tissue macrophages but also elucidate the relationship between ATMs and human diseases. Furthermore, we will highlight its potential in preventing and treating metabolic diseases as immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizheng Liang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanxu Qi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyang Yi
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenyu Mao
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qingxue Meng
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Hofherr A, Williams J, Gan LM, Söderberg M, Hansen PBL, Woollard KJ. Targeting inflammation for the treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease: a five-compartment mechanistic model. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:208. [PMID: 35698028 PMCID: PMC9190142 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide. Mortality and morbidity associated with DKD are increasing with the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Chronic, sub-clinical, non-resolving inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of renal and cardiovascular disease associated with diabetes. Inflammatory biomarkers correlate with poor renal outcomes and mortality in patients with DKD. Targeting chronic inflammation may therefore offer a route to novel therapeutics for DKD. However, the DKD patient population is highly heterogeneous, with varying etiology, presentation and disease progression. This heterogeneity is a challenge for clinical trials of novel anti-inflammatory therapies. Here, we present a conceptual model of how chronic inflammation affects kidney function in five compartments: immune cell recruitment and activation; filtration; resorption and secretion; extracellular matrix regulation; and perfusion. We believe that the rigorous alignment of pathophysiological insights, appropriate animal models and pathology-specific biomarkers may facilitate a mechanism-based shift from recruiting ‘all comers’ with DKD to stratification of patients based on the principal compartments of inflammatory disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Hofherr
- Research and Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Julie Williams
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic, AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, UK
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Research and Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Söderberg
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernille B L Hansen
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic, AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, UK.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic, AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, UK. .,Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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40
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Zhuang Y, Zheng H, Yang Y, Ni H. GABA alleviates high glucose-induced podocyte injury through dynamically altering the expression of macrophage M1/M2-derived exosomal miR-21a-5p/miR-25-3p. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 618:38-45. [PMID: 35714569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury is the main clinical pathological feature of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The studies showed that DKD is associated with the polarization of macrophages to different types (M1 or M2) and the inflammatory processes which they mediate. It is a hot research topic in the treatment of DKD that find and intervene genes which related to M1/M2 phenotype. The potential anti-inflammatory effects on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been shown to be related to the regulation of the polarization direction of macrophages. However, it remains unknown that whether GABA can alleviate DKD. The purpose of current study was to explore the role of GABA involved in high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury by regulating the M1/M2 phenotype. In the beginning, our results revealed that exogenous GABA treatment altered the direction of HG-induced macrophage polarization and suppressed the inflammatory response. Subsequently, macrophage-derived exosomes under HG treatment were found to be involved in aggravating HG-induced podocyte injury (decreased the proliferation capacity and increased apoptosis rate of cells). Furthermore, GABA treatment blocked the promotion of macrophage-mediated exosomes on podocyte injury under HG. Then, we found that GABA alleviated the promoting effect of macrophages on podocyte injury by regulating the expression of exosomal miR-21a-5p/miR-25-3p which mediated by macrophages. Finally, it was elucidated that Tnpo1/ATXN3 were the targets of miR-21a-5p/miR-25-3p, respectively, and mediated the promotion of podocyte injury by macrophage-derived exosomes under HG. This research suggested that GABA alleviated podocyte injury by reversing the M1/M2 polarization direction of macrophages under HG and regulating the miR-21a-5p-Tnpo1/miR-25-3p-ATXN3 signal axis of macrophage-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongxue Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Yuan Q, Tang B, Zhang C. Signaling pathways of chronic kidney diseases, implications for therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:182. [PMID: 35680856 PMCID: PMC9184651 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic renal dysfunction syndrome that is characterized by nephron loss, inflammation, myofibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Lipotoxicity and oxidative stress are the driving force for the loss of nephron including tubules, glomerulus, and endothelium. NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, and RAAS signaling involves in lipotoxicity. The upregulated Nox expression and the decreased Nrf2 expression result in oxidative stress directly. The injured renal resident cells release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines to recruit immune cells such as macrophages from bone marrow. NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, and cGAS-STING signaling are major signaling pathways that mediate inflammation in inflammatory cells including immune cells and injured renal resident cells. The inflammatory cells produce and secret a great number of profibrotic cytokines such as TGF-β1, Wnt ligands, and angiotensin II. TGF-β signaling, Wnt signaling, RAAS signaling, and Notch signaling evoke the activation of myofibroblasts and promote the generation of ECM. The potential therapies targeted to these signaling pathways are also introduced here. In this review, we update the key signaling pathways of lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and myofibroblasts activation in kidneys with chronic injury, and the targeted drugs based on the latest studies. Unifying these pathways and the targeted therapies will be instrumental to advance further basic and clinical investigation in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ben Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Crescents in primary glomerulonephritis: a pattern of injury with dissimilar actors. A pathophysiologic perspective. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:1205-1214. [PMID: 34312722 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellular crescents are defined as two or more layers of proliferating cells in Bowman's space and are a hallmark of inflammatory active glomerulonephritis and a histologic marker of severe glomerular injury. In general, the percentage of glomeruli that exhibit crescents correlates with the severity of kidney failure and other clinical manifestations of nephritic syndrome. In general, a predominance of active crescents is associated with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and a poor outcome. The duration and potential reversibility of the underlying disease correspond with the relative predominance of cellular or fibrous components in the crescents, the initial location of the immunologic insult inside the glomerulus, and the sort of involved cells and inflammatory mediators. However, the presence of active crescents may not have the same degree of significance in the different types of glomerulopathies. The pathophysiology of parietal cell proliferation may have dissimilar origins, underscoring the fact that the resultant crescents are a non-specific morphological pattern of glomerular injury with different implications in clinical prognosis in the scope of glomerular diseases.
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Laursen JC, Søndergaard-Heinrich N, Haddock B, Rasmussen IKB, Hansen CS, Larsson HBW, Groop PH, Bjornstad P, Frimodt-Møller M, Andersen UB, Rossing P. Kidney oxygenation, perfusion and blood flow in people with and without type 1 diabetes. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:2072-2080. [PMID: 36825032 PMCID: PMC9942445 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study kidney energetics in persons with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods In a cross-sectional study, 15 persons with T1D and albuminuria and 15 non-diabetic controls (CONs) underwent multiparametric MRI (3 Tesla Philips Scanner) to quantify renal cortical and medullary oxygenation (R2*, higher values correspond to higher deoxyhaemoglobin concentration), renal perfusion (arterial spin labelling) and renal artery blood flow (phase contrast). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, plasma haemoglobin, body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results Participants with T1D had a higher median (Q1; Q3) urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) than CONs [46 (21; 58) versus 4 (3; 6) mg/g; P < .0001] and a lower mean ± SD eGFR (73 ± 32 mL/min/1.73 m2 versus 88 ± 15 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = .12), although not significantly. Mean medullary R2* was lower in T1D (34 ± 6/s versus 38 ± 5/s; P < .01) corresponding to a higher oxygenation. R2* was not different in the cortex. Cortical perfusion was lower in T1D (163 ± 40 versus 224 ± 49 mL/100 g/min; P < .001). Renal artery blood flow was lower in T1D than in CONs (360 ± 130 versus 430 ± 113 mL/min; P = .05). In T1D, lower cortical oxygenation and renal artery blood flow were both associated with higher UACR and lower eGFR (P < .05). Conclusions Participants with T1D and albuminuria exhibited higher medullary oxygenation than CONs, despite lower cortical perfusion and renal artery blood flow. This might reflect perturbed kidney energetics leading to a higher setpoint of medullary oxygenation in T1D. Lower cortical oxygenation and renal artery blood flow were associated with higher UACR and lower eGFR in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels Søndergaard-Heinrich
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bryan Haddock
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Kirstine Bull Rasmussen
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Bo Wiberg Larsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- FinnDiane Study Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Paediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Rossing
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Donate-Correa J, Sanchez-Niño MD, González-Luis A, Ferri C, Martín-Olivera A, Martín-Núñez E, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Tagua VG, Mora-Fernández C, Ortiz A, Navarro-González JF. Repurposing drugs for highly prevalent diseases: pentoxifylline, an old drug and a new opportunity for diabetic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:2200-2213. [PMID: 36381364 PMCID: PMC9664582 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most frequent complications in patients with diabetes and constitutes a major cause of end-stage kidney disease. The prevalence of diabetic kidney disease continues to increase as a result of the growing epidemic of diabetes and obesity. Therefore, there is mounting urgency to design and optimize novel strategies and drugs that delay the progression of this pathology and contain this trend. The new approaches should go beyond the current therapy focussed on the control of traditional risk factors such as hyperglycaemia and hypertension. In this scenario, drug repurposing constitutes an economic and feasible approach based on the discovery of useful activities for old drugs. Pentoxifylline is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor currently indicated for peripheral artery disease. Clinical trials and meta-analyses have shown renoprotection secondary to anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in diabetic patients treated with this old known drug, which makes pentoxifylline a candidate for repurposing in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Donate-Correa
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain
- RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0013), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Departamento de Nefrología e Hipertensión, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa González-Luis
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Escuela de doctorado, Universidad de La Laguna
| | - Carla Ferri
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Escuela de doctorado, Universidad de La Laguna
| | - Alberto Martín-Olivera
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Escuela de doctorado, Universidad de La Laguna
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0013), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernandez-Fernandez
- Departamento de Nefrología e Hipertensión, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0001), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor G Tagua
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain
- RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0013), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Departamento de Nefrología e Hipertensión, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0001), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain
- RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0013), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Mechanisms of podocyte injury and implications for diabetic nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:493-520. [PMID: 35415751 PMCID: PMC9008595 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Albuminuria is the hallmark of both primary and secondary proteinuric glomerulopathies, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), obesity-related nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Moreover, albuminuria is an important feature of all chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Podocytes play a key role in maintaining the permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and injury of the podocyte, leading to foot process (FP) effacement and podocyte loss, the unifying underlying mechanism of proteinuric glomerulopathies. The metabolic insult of hyperglycemia is of paramount importance in the pathogenesis of DN, while insults leading to podocyte damage are poorly defined in other proteinuric glomerulopathies. However, shared mechanisms of podocyte damage have been identified. Herein, we will review the role of haemodynamic and oxidative stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, endocannabinoid (EC) hypertone, and both mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the podocyte damage, focussing particularly on their role in the pathogenesis of DN. Gaining a better insight into the mechanisms of podocyte injury may provide novel targets for treatment. Moreover, novel strategies for boosting podocyte repair may open the way to podocyte regenerative medicine.
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Garavelli S, Prattichizzo F, Ceriello A, Galgani M, de Candia P. Type 1 Diabetes and Associated Cardiovascular Damage: Contribution of Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Crosstalk. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:631-651. [PMID: 34407376 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin secreting β-cells, with consequent aberrant blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia is the common denominator for most of the chronic diabetic vascular complications, which represent the main cause of life reduction in T1D patients. For this disease, three interlaced medical needs remain: understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in pancreatic β-cell loss; identifying biomarkers able to predict T1D progression and its related complications; recognizing novel therapeutic targets. Recent Advances: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by most cell types, were discovered to contain a plethora of different molecules (including microRNAs) with regulatory properties, which are emerging as mediators of cell-to-cell communication at the paracrine and endocrine level. Recent knowledge suggests that EVs may act as pathogenic factors, and be developed into disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the context of several human diseases. Critical Issues: EVs have been recently shown to sustain a dysregulated cellular crosstalk able to exacerbate the autoimmune response in the pancreatic islets of T1D; moreover, EVs were shown to be able to monitor and/or predict the progression of T1D and the insurgence of vasculopathies. Future Directions: More mechanistic studies are needed to investigate whether the dysregulation of EVs in T1D patients is solely reflecting the progression of diabetes and related complications, or EVs also directly participate in the disease process, thus pointing to a potential use of EVs as therapeutic targets/tools in T1D. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 631-651.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Garavelli
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology "G. Salvatore," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Galgani
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology "G. Salvatore," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II," Italy
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47
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Maruno S, Tanaka T, Nangaku M. Exploring molecular targets in diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:S33-S45. [PMID: 35354246 PMCID: PMC9590302 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease, and it remains a major challenge. Many factors, such as glomerular hyperfiltration, oxidative stress, inflammation, hypoxia, and epigenetics, are associated with the progression of diabetic kidney disease; however, the whole mechanism is not yet completely understood. No specific treatment for diabetic kidney disease has been established, so new approaches are being explored extensively. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have shown renoprotective effects in several human clinical trials. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have been reported to be effective in diabetic kidney disease, and novel therapeutic candidates are also being examined. In the TSUBAKI trial, a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activator, bardoxolone methyl, improved the glomerular filtration rate of diabetic kidney disease patients. Similarly, new agents that act in the oxidative stress and inflammation pathways are of major interest, such as pentoxifylline, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 inhibitors, C-C chemokine receptor 2 inhibitors, and Janus kinase-1/2 inhibitors. Endothelin-1 receptor A antagonists and soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators are also expected to affect renal hemodynamics. Some preclinical studies suggest that hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, which influence multiple inflammations and oxidative stress pathways, reduce albuminuria in diabetic kidney disease. Advanced glycation end-product inhibitors and treatments related to epigenetics have also shown promise as potential diabetic kidney disease treatments in preclinical studies. The discovery of new targets could provide new therapeutic options for overcoming diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayako Maruno
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: Masaomi Nangaku Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. E-mail:
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48
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Yerra VG, Advani A. Role of CCR2-Positive Macrophages in Pathological Ventricular Remodelling. Biomedicines 2022; 10:661. [PMID: 35327464 PMCID: PMC8945438 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with recent advances in care, heart failure remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, which urgently needs new treatments. One of the major antecedents of heart failure is pathological ventricular remodelling, the abnormal change in the size, shape, function or composition of the cardiac ventricles in response to load or injury. Accumulating immune cell subpopulations contribute to the change in cardiac cellular composition that occurs during ventricular remodelling, and these immune cells can facilitate heart failure development. Among cardiac immune cell subpopulations, macrophages that are recognized by their transcriptional or cell-surface expression of the chemokine receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), have emerged as playing an especially important role in adverse remodelling. Here, we assimilate the literature that has been generated over the past two decades describing the pathological roles that CCR2+ macrophages play in ventricular remodelling. The goal is to facilitate research and innovation efforts in heart failure therapeutics by drawing attention to the importance of studying the manner by which CCR2+ macrophages mediate their deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada;
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49
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Bell RMB, Conway BR. Macrophages in the kidney in health, injury and repair. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 367:101-147. [PMID: 35461656 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a key component of the renal mononuclear phagocyte system, playing a major role in defense against infection, renal injury and repair. Yolk sac macrophage precursors seed the early embryonic kidney and are important for renal development. Later, renal macrophages are derived from hematopoietic stem cells and in adult life, there is a significant contribution from circulating monocytes, which is enhanced in response to infection or injury. Macrophages are highly plastic and can alter their phenotype in response to cues from parenchymal renal cells. Danger-associated molecules released from injured kidney cells may activate macrophages toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, mediating further recruitment of inflammatory cells, exacerbating renal injury and activating renal fibroblasts to promote scarring. In acute kidney injury, once the injury stimulus has abated, macrophages may adopt a more reparative phenotype, dampening the immune response and promoting repair of renal tissue. However, in chronic kidney disease ongoing activation of pro-inflammatory monocytes and persistence of reparative macrophages leads to glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the hallmarks of end-stage kidney disease. Several strategies to inhibit the recruitment, activation and secretory products of pro-inflammatory macrophages have proven beneficial in pre-clinical models and are now undergoing clinical trials in patients with kidney disease. In addition, macrophages may be utilized in cell therapy as a "Trojan Horse" to deliver targeted therapies to the kidney. Single-cell RNA sequencing has identified a previously unappreciated spectrum of macrophage phenotypes, which may be selectively present in injury or repair, and ongoing functional analyses of these subsets may identify more specific targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M B Bell
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan R Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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50
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Ma Y, Cai F, Huang X, Wang H, Yu B, Wang J, Nie W, Cai K, Yang Y, Chen J, Xiao L, Han F. Mannose-binding lectin activates the nuclear factor-κB and renal inflammation in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22227. [PMID: 35195918 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101852r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased serum mannose-binding lectin (MBL) level has been proven to correlate with the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Here, we aim to find the role and mechanism of MBL involved in the progression of DN. Patients with DN were recruited and divided into two groups according to different rs1800450 genotypes of the MBL2 gene, and inflammatory profiles in monocytes/macrophages were compared between the two groups. MBL was given to treat macrophages, HK2, and HMC, and a co-culture transwell system was then employed. Renal inflammation and fibrosis parameters were measured after knocking down or overexpressing MBL genes in mice. Proinflammatory profile, manifesting as enhanced IL-1β production and M1 polarization, was found in monocytes/macrophages from DN with a rs1800450 GG genotype of MBL2 gene who had higher MBL level, compared with those with a rs1800450 GA genotype. In mechanism, MBL directly induced inflammatory responses in macrophages, which promoted inflammatory and fibrotic markers in HK2 and HMCs during co-culture. Further experiments showed that MBL can promote macrophages transforming to the M1 subset mainly by activating the nuclear factor-κB pathway. After downregulation of MBL, the blood glucose, triglyceride, urine protein, injuries of glomerulus and tubules, and the degree of renal inflammation and fibrosis were ameliorated in db/db mice treated with AAV-MBL1/2-shRNA. Overexpression of MBL promoted macrophage infiltration in the kidney. In conclusion, MBL is a crucial mediator in the progression of DN via activating the nuclear factor-κB pathway in macrophages. This will serve as a genetic base for some patients with DN who have poor outcomes and provide a direction for the screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Ma
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanghao Cai
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Huang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binfeng Yu
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junni Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanyun Nie
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kedan Cai
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China.,HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Han
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
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