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Goodman ML, Lee M, Springer A, Schick V, Vaughan E, Markham C, Gitari S, Mukiri F. Sleep disturbance as a precursor to anxiety, depression, and PTSD among rural Kenyans: A cross-lagged panel analysis from a rural Kenyan interventional cohort. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14119. [PMID: 38083983 PMCID: PMC11164828 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Sleep quality is essential to biopsychosocial functioning, yet there remains limited longitudinal research on sleep and mental or social well-being within low- or middle-income countries. This study utilised longitudinal cohort data from a community-based empowerment programme in Meru County, Kenya to assess cross-lagged correlations between sleep disturbance, social support, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Participants (n = 373; 92% women; age range 18-86 years) who reported more sleep disturbance at T1 reported significantly more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, and significantly less social support at T2 (average 11 weeks later), controlling for all within-time correlations across measures, within-measure correlations across time, and sociodemographic background characteristics. The findings are consistent with research across high-income countries, underscoring the need for more contextualised research into sleep behaviours across low- and middle-income countries. The findings may inform interventions to increase mental and social well-being within Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miryoung Lee
- University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Springer
- University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vanessa Schick
- University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Austin HA, Chamberlain SR, Grant JE, Baldwin DS. Sleep Problems and Gambling Disorder: Cross-Sectional Relationships in a Young Cohort. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10335-1. [PMID: 39012447 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the potential association between gambling disorder and symptoms of sleep problems (including insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness). It was hypothesised that, compared to controls, individuals with gambling disorder would have significantly greater disturbance of sleep, as indicated by increased scores in: (1) sleep items on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D); (2) total score on the HAM-A and HAM-D; and (3) the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). METHODS Secondary analysis of previously published data from 152 young adults, aged 18-29 years. Individuals were stratified into three groups: controls, those at risk of gambling disorder, and those with gambling disorder. One-way ANOVAs with post-hoc tests were conducted to determine whether groups differed significantly in sleep item scores and total scores of the HAM-A and HAM-D, and the ESS. RESULTS HAM-D scale insomnia item scores were significantly higher in the disorder group, when compared to controls, this being particularly marked for middle and late insomnia. The HAM-A item score indicated significantly worse sleep quality in the disorder group, compared to at risk and control groups. Total HAM-A and HAM-D scores were significantly higher in the disorder group, but ESS scores did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION Measures of disruptions in sleep were significantly higher in gambling disorder than controls. Anxiety and depressive symptom severity was also significantly higher in the gambling disorder group. Further research could have implications for identification and treatment of sleep disorders and psychiatric comorbidities in gambling disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Austin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - David S Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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3
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Axelsson J, van Someren EJW, Balter LJT. Sleep profiles of different psychiatric traits. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:284. [PMID: 38997280 PMCID: PMC11245526 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Disturbed sleep comes in many forms. While the key role of sleep in mental health is undisputed, our understanding of the type of sleeping problems that manifest in the early stages of psychiatric disorders is limited. A sample without psychiatric diagnoses (N = 440, 341 women, 97 men, 2 non-binaries; Mage = 32.1, SD = 9.4, range 18-77) underwent a comprehensive assessment, evaluating eight sleep features and 13 questionnaires on common psychiatric complaints. Results revealed that traits of affect disorders, generalized anxiety, and ADHD had the worst sleep profiles, while autism disorder, eating disorder, and impulsivity traits showed milder sleep issues. Mania was the only trait associated with an overall better sleep profile. Across traits, insomnia and fatigue dominated and sleep variability was least prominent. These findings provide support for both transdiagnostic and disorder-specific targets for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eus J W van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology and Psychiatry, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie J T Balter
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Dong L, Bogart LM, Mutchler MG, Klein DJ, Ghosh-Dastidar MB, Lawrence SJ, Goggin K, Wagner GJ. Sleep Disturbance Mediates the Associations Between HIV Stigma and Mental and Physical Health Among Black Adults with HIV. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02083-0. [PMID: 38990469 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Black Americans have been disproportionally affected by the HIV epidemic, and experience significant disparities in sleep health, mental health, and physical health domains. Using longitudinal data from a sample of Black adults with HIV, the current study examined the associations between stigma and mental and physical health outcomes and how sleep disturbance may play a mediating role. METHODS Data were drawn from a recent randomized controlled trial. Questionnaires were used to examine internalized and anticipated HIV stigma, perceived discrimination (enacted stigma) based on multiple social identities (i.e., HIV-serostatus, race, sexual orientation), sleep disturbance, mental health problems (depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms), and mental and physical health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at baseline, 7-month follow-up, and 13-month follow-up assessments. Linear mixed modeling was used to examine main effects of stigma on health outcomes; causal mediation analysis was used to estimate indirect paths through sleep disturbance. RESULTS Internalized and anticipated HIV stigma and multiple discrimination were associated with more sleep disturbance, more depressive and PTSD symptoms, and poorer mental and physical HRQOL. Results also indicated significant indirect paths (i.e., mediation) through greater sleep disturbance between HIV-related stigma and discrimination and mental health and health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Results support that sleep disturbance is a mediating pathway through which different forms of stigmas impact health outcomes. Sleep may be an intervention target to help improve mental and physical well-being and reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dong
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - Laura M Bogart
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matt G Mutchler
- APLA Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - David J Klein
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kathy Goggin
- Children's Mercy Kansas City and University of Missouri-Kansas City Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Glenn J Wagner
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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5
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Iorfino F, Varidel M, Capon W, Richards M, Crouse JJ, LaMonica HM, Park SH, Piper S, Song YJC, Gorban C, Scott EM, Hickie IB. Quantifying the interrelationships between physical, social, and cognitive-emotional components of mental fitness using digital technology. NPJ MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 3:36. [PMID: 38977903 PMCID: PMC11231280 DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Mental fitness is a construct that goes beyond a simple focus on subjective emotional wellbeing to encompass more broadly our ability to think, feel, and act to achieve what we want in our daily lives. The measurement and monitoring of multiple (often interacting) domains is crucial to gain a holistic and complete insight into an individual's mental fitness. We aimed to demonstrate the capability of a new mobile app to characterise the mental fitness of a general population of Australians and to quantify the interrelationships among different domains of mental fitness. Cross-sectional data were collected from 4901 adults from the general population of Australians engaged in work or education who used a mobile app (Innowell) between September 2021 and November 2022. Individuals completed a baseline questionnaire comprised of 26 questions across seven domains of mental fitness (i.e., physical activity, sleep and circadian rhythms, nutrition, substance use, daily activities, social connection, psychological distress). Network analysis was applied at both a domain-level (e.g., 7 nodes representing each cluster of items) and an individual item-level (i.e., 26 nodes representing all questionnaire items). Only 612 people (12%) were functioning well across all domains. One quarter (n = 1204, 25%) had only one problem domain and most (n = 3085, 63%) had multiple problem domains. The two most problematic domains were physical activity (n = 2631, 54%) and social connection (n = 2151, 44%), followed closely by daily activity (n = 1914, 39%). At the domain-level, the strongest association emerged between psychological distress and daily activity (r = 0.301). Psychological distress was the most central node in the network (as measured by strength and expected influence), followed closely by daily activity, sleep and circadian rhythms and then social connection. The item-level network revealed that the nodes with the highest centrality in the network were: hopelessness, depression, functional impairment, effortfulness, subjective energy, worthlessness, and social connectedness. Social connection, sleep and circadian rhythms, and daily activities may be critical targets for intervention due to their widespread associations in the overall network. While psychological distress was not among the most common problems, its centrality may indicate its importance for indicated prevention and early intervention. We showcase the capability of a new mobile app to monitor mental fitness and identify the interrelationships among multiple domains, which may help people develop more personalised insights and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Iorfino
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Mathew Varidel
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - William Capon
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Richards
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacob J Crouse
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Haley M LaMonica
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shin Ho Park
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Piper
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Carla Gorban
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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6
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Tadros M, Li S, Corkish B, Upton E, Newby J, Werner-Seidler A. Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia in university students delivered via videoconferencing groups: A pilot study. Behav Sleep Med 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38949071 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2024.2374258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep difficulties are common amongst university students and are associated with mental illness and reduced wellbeing. This paper reports a pilot study of Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) tailored specifically for university students. It was hypothesized that the intervention would be feasible, acceptable, and improve sleep, anxiety, depression, and wellbeing. METHOD Students aged 18-25 participated via videoconferencing small group sessions of CBT-I. Feasibility was assessed through sign-up, consent rates, and study attrition, while acceptability was assessed using intervention adherence and a measure of intervention acceptability. Outcome measures included sleep quality, insomnia, suicidal ideation, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and wellbeing, and were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS Participants were 44 students (M = 21.8 years). Feasibility was confirmed by sign-up and consent rates (80% of the students who expressed interest agreed to participate); overall study attrition was 48%, comprised largely of participants not commencing treatment (27%). Participants perceived the program as effective and logical and made use of the skills suggested. In terms of adherence, 82% of the participants who engaged with treatment attended two or more sessions and 63% attended all four sessions; and 92% were either very satisfied or mostly satisfied. Sleep quality, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and wellbeing all significantly improved from pre- to post-intervention. DISCUSSION There was evidence that the CBT-I intervention tailored for university students was acceptable to participants and could be feasible to deliver. Sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and wellbeing improved significantly. These findings suggest that the intervention is suitable for evaluation in a fully powered randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Tadros
- The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sophie Li
- The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Britt Corkish
- The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Upton
- The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jill Newby
- The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aliza Werner-Seidler
- The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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7
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Oliver S, Kravitz-Wirtz N. The mediating effect of sleep quality on exposure to community violence and posttraumatic stress symptoms in the United States. Prev Med Rep 2024; 43:102776. [PMID: 38873659 PMCID: PMC11170174 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The role of sleep quality is not yet fully understood in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following exposure to community violence. Thus, the primary aim of this study is to examine the mediating effect of sleep quality in the relationship between community violence exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Methods Utilizing a cross-sectional survey administered to an online opt-in panel of adults in the United States in 2023 (age ≥ 18 years) (N = 342), respondents reported on their exposure to community violence, sleep quality, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Covariate-adjusted regressions were used to test these relationships. Results Directly experiencing community violence was associated with poorer sleep quality (β = 0.11, 95 % CI [0.02, 0.20], p = 0.022) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (β = 0.33, 95 % CI [0.17, 0.48], p = < 0.001), and poorer sleep quality predicted greater posttraumatic stress symptoms (β = 0.74, 95 % CI [0.58, 0.91], p = 0<.001). Further, sleep quality was a partial mediator (β = 0.24, 95 % CI [0.04, 0.50], p = 0.028), accounting for 24 % of the relationship. Conclusions Findings from this study help deepen understanding of the processes that contribute to the development of PTSD and provide insights into possible interventions, including treatment for sleep problems in the aftermath of violence exposure as a means for lessening the mental health burdens of community violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Oliver
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nicole Kravitz-Wirtz
- University of California, Firearm Violence Research Center and Violence Prevention Research Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
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8
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Liao W, Luo X, Kong F, Sun Y, Ye Z. Association between non-restorative sleep and psychotic-like experiences among Chinese college students: A latent profile and moderated mediation analysis. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:295-303. [PMID: 38944976 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-restorative sleep (NRS) is a core symptom of insomnia that has considerable consequences for daily life. However, the association between NRS and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) remains unclear. The current study was designed to explore the relationship between NRS and PLEs as well as the mediation/moderation role of rumination and resilience among college students in China. METHODS 3060 college students were recruited from two universities in South China from September 21st to October 26th, 2022. Non-restorative Sleep Scale, 8-item Positive Subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences, Ruminative Response Scale, and 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were administered. Latent profile analysis and moderated mediation analysis were performed. RESULTS 11.3 % participants reported frequent PLEs in the past one month. Three profiles of rumination were identified and named as "low rumination" group (27.7 %), "medium rumination" group (55.3 %), and "high rumination" group (16.9 %). NRS directly predicted PLEs, and rumination played a significant mediation role between NRS and PLEs. Resilience significantly moderated the association between NRS and rumination as well as the association between NRS and PLEs. CONCLUSIONS NRS, rumination and resilience are important predictors to PLEs. Strategies on increasing restorative sleep, decreasing rumination, and enhancing resilience are of great significance in the prevention of PLEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Liao
- Department of Public Teaching, Guangdong Open University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianghan Luo
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanxu Kong
- Department of Public Teaching, Guangdong Open University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongpeng Sun
- Department of Public Teaching, Guangdong Open University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengjie Ye
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Gheisary Z, Hoja I, Liu J, Papagerakis P, Weber LP, Fenton M, Katselis GS, Lieffers JRL, Papagerakis S. Association of Sleep Quality and General, Mental, and Oral Health with Lifestyle Traits (Dietary Intake, Smoking Status) in Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Nutrients 2024; 16:2091. [PMID: 38999838 PMCID: PMC11243648 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is associated with health challenges. Lifestyle traits are believed to influence arthritis development and progression; however, data to support personalized treatment regimens based on holistic lifestyle factors are missing. This study aims to provide a comprehensive list of associations between lifestyle traits and the health status of individuals with arthritis in the Canadian population, using binary logistic regression analysis on data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, which includes 104,359 respondents. Firstly, we explored the association between arthritis and various aspects of health status including self-reported lifestyle factors. Secondly, we examined the associations between self-reported dietary intake and smoking status with general, mental, and oral health, and sleep disturbance among individuals both with and without arthritis. Our analysis revealed that individuals with arthritis reported considerably poorer general, mental, and oral health, and poorer sleep quality compared to those without arthritis. Associations were also found between self-reported dietary intake and various measures of health status in individuals with arthritis. Smoking and exposure to passive smoking were associated not only with arthritis but also with compromised sleep quality and poorer general, mental, and oral health in people with and without arthritis. This study highlights the need for personalized and holistic approaches that may include a combination of dietary interventions, oral health improvements, sleep therapies, and smoking cessation for improved arthritis prevention and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Gheisary
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Ibrahim Hoja
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Dental Medicine Pavilion, 2420, rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (I.H.); (P.P.)
- Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Juxin Liu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 106 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E6, Canada;
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Dental Medicine Pavilion, 2420, rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (I.H.); (P.P.)
| | - Lynn P. Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
| | - Mark Fenton
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - George S. Katselis
- Department of Medicine, Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
| | - Jessica R. L. Lieffers
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Dental Medicine Pavilion, 2420, rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (I.H.); (P.P.)
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10
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Davinelli S, Medoro A, Savino R, Scapagnini G. Sleep and Oxidative Stress: Current Perspectives on the Role of NRF2. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:52. [PMID: 38916679 PMCID: PMC11199221 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental conserved physiological state across evolution, suggesting vital biological functions that are yet to be fully clarified. However, our understanding of the neural and molecular basis of sleep regulation has increased rapidly in recent years. Among various processes implicated in controlling sleep homeostasis, a bidirectional relationship between sleep and oxidative stress has recently emerged. One proposed function of sleep may be the mitigation of oxidative stress in both brain and peripheral tissues, contributing to the clearance of reactive species that accumulate during wakefulness. Conversely, reactive species, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), at physiological levels, may act as signaling agents to regulate redox-sensitive transcriptional factors, enzymes, and other effectors involved in the regulation of sleep. As a primary sensor of intracellular oxidation, the transcription factor NRF2 is emerging as an indispensable component to maintain cellular redox homeostasis during sleep. Indeed, a number of studies have revealed an association between NRF2 dysfunction and the most common sleep conditions, including sleep loss, obstructive sleep apnea, and circadian sleep disturbances. This review examines the evidence of the intricate link between oxidative stress and NRF2 function in the context of sleep, and highlights the potential of NRF2 modulators to alleviate sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, s.n.c., 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, s.n.c., 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Rosa Savino
- Department of Woman and Child, Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, General Hospital "Riuniti" of Foggia, Viale Pinto Luigi, 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, s.n.c., 86100, Campobasso, Italy
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11
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Ratliff JM, Terral G, Lutzu S, Heiss J, Mota J, Stith B, Lechuga AV, Ramakrishnan C, Fenno LE, Daigle T, Deisseroth K, Zeng H, Ngai J, Tasic B, Sjulson L, Rudolph S, Kilduff TS, Batista-Brito R. Neocortical long-range inhibition promotes cortical synchrony and sleep. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599756. [PMID: 38948753 PMCID: PMC11213009 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral states such as sleep and wake are highly correlated with specific patterns of rhythmic activity in the cortex. During low arousal states such as slow wave sleep, the cortex is synchronized and dominated by low frequency rhythms coordinated across multiple regions. Although recent evidence suggests that GABAergic inhibitory neurons are key players in cortical state modulation, the in vivo circuit mechanisms coordinating synchronized activity among local and distant neocortical networks are not well understood. Here, we show that somatostatin and chondrolectin co-expressing cells (Sst-Chodl cells), a sparse and unique class of neocortical inhibitory neurons, are selectively active during low arousal states and are largely silent during periods of high arousal. In contrast to other neocortical inhibitory neurons, we show these neurons have long-range axons that project across neocortical areas. Activation of Sst-Chodl cells is sufficient to promote synchronized cortical states characteristic of low arousal, with increased spike co-firing and low frequency brain rhythms, and to alter behavioral states by promoting sleep. Contrary to the prevailing belief that sleep is exclusively driven by subcortical mechanisms, our findings reveal that these long-range inhibitory neurons not only track changes in behavioral state but are sufficient to induce both sleep-like cortical states and sleep behavior, establishing a crucial circuit component in regulating behavioral states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Ratliff
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Geoffrey Terral
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Stefano Lutzu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Jaime Heiss
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States
| | - Julie Mota
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Bianca Stith
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Lief E Fenno
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Tanya Daigle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John Ngai
- National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bosiljka Tasic
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lucas Sjulson
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Stephanie Rudolph
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Thomas S. Kilduff
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States
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12
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Chen P, Qin J, Wang Y, Yuan J, Pan Y, Zhu B. The causal relationship between sleep and risk of psychiatric disorders: A two-sample mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2024; 15:1380544. [PMID: 38952712 PMCID: PMC11215123 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1380544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep is associated with psychiatric disorders. However, their causality remains unknown. Methods The study explored the causal relationship between seven sleep parameters (sleep duration, insomnia, sleep apnea, chronotype, daytime dozing, napping during the day, and snoring) and three psychiatric disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for sleep parameters were obtained from the United Kingdom biobank, FinnGen biobank, and EBI databases. MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse-variance weighted (IVW), simple mode, weighted mode, maximum likelihood, penalized weighted median, and IVW(fixed effects) were used to perform the MR analysis. The heterogeneity was detected by Cochran's Q statistic. The horizontal pleiotropy was detected by MR Egger. The sensitivity was investigated by the leave-one-out analysis. Results Insomnia (OR = 2.02, 95%CI = 1.34-3.03, p = 0.001, False-discovery rate (FDR) corrected p-value = 0.011) and napping during the day (OR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.34-2.44, FDR corrected p-value<0.001) were associated with an increased risk of MDD. Longer sleep duration (OR = 2.20, 95%CI = 1.24-3.90, FDR corrected p-value = 0.049) had an association with the increased risk of schizophrenia, while daytime dozing (OR = 4.44, 95%CI = 1.20-16.41, corrected p-value = 0.088)and napping during the day (OR = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.11-4.02, FDR corrected p-value = 0.088) had a suggestive association with an increased risk of schizophrenia. Longer sleep duration had a suggestive association with a decreased risk of ADHD (OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.42-0.93, FDR corrected p-value = 0.088). Conclusion This study provides further evidence for a complex relationship between sleep and psychiatric disorders. Our findings highlight the potential benefits of addressing sleep problems in the prevention of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jiuhang Qin
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yueying Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjin Yuan
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bingqian Zhu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Xu YH, Wu F, Yu S, Zhang XY, Xu PJ, Sun QM. Prevalence of mental health symptoms and associated risk factors among healthcare workers in specialized COVID-19 hospitals in Anyang, China: A cross-sectional survey. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32593. [PMID: 38961983 PMCID: PMC11219988 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread worldwide and brought unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems. Healthcare workers experienced tremendous pressure and psychological issues. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from January 2022 to April 2022 among healthcare workers in Anyang, Henan Province, China. Insomnia, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and problematic internet use (PIU) were evaluated. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the factors that were associated with mental health problems. Results A total of 242 participants (mean [SD] age, 34.7 [6.6] years, 187 female [77.3 %]) were included in the study. The prevalence of symptoms of insomnia, anxiety, depression, PTSD and PIU during the COVID-19 pandemic in China was 53.7 %, 100.0 %, 7.0 %, 20.3 %, and 19.4 %, respectively. Participants who smoked, used sedative-hypnotic drugs and may need psychological assistance were at a higher risk for mental health problems. Respondents who were older than 45 years and were married displayed a lower risk of insomnia and PTSD, respectively. Conclusions Mental health symptoms are pervasive among healthcare workers in specialized COVID-19 hospitals during the outbreak. Risk factors include smoking, sedative-hypnotic drug use, and the need for psychological assistance, while protective factors include age and marital status. Developing social media platforms and providing psychological assistance may be effective interventions for healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Xu
- Corresponding author. Department of Sleep Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Henan, 453002, China.
| | | | - Shuai Yu
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders; Brain Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders; Brain Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng-Jiao Xu
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders; Brain Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qi-Meng Sun
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders; Brain Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Xinxiang, China
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14
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Kim Y, Lee WK, Jeong H, Choi HJ, Lee MK, Cho SH. Mixture of Rhodiola rosea and Nelumbo nucifera Extracts Ameliorates Sleep Quality of Adults with Sleep Disturbance. Nutrients 2024; 16:1867. [PMID: 38931222 PMCID: PMC11206944 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep disturbance affects daily functioning, leading to decreased concentration, fatigue, and higher healthcare costs. Traditional insomnia medications are often associated with adverse side effects. This study investigated the efficacy of a novel compound derived from Rhodiola rosea and Nelumbo nucifera extracts (named RNE) in improving sleep quality with fewer side effects. The study included individuals between the ages of 20 and 65 with subthreshold insomnia and evaluated the effects of RNE on sleep, fatigue, and quality of life. Participants took 750 mg of RNE daily at bed-time for two weeks. The study used the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a sleep diary, the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) for assessments. Of the 20 participants, 13 completed the study and showed significant improvements in sleep quality. The results showed improvements in ISI and PSQI scores, a 57% reduction in wake-time after sleep onset, and improved sleep efficiency. Although FSS scores remained unchanged, significant improvements were seen in SF-36 physical and mental health scores. The results suggest that RNE is an effective, low-risk option for sleep disturbance, significantly improving sleep quality and overall wellbeing without significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyung Lee
- LG H&H R&D Campus, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyein Jeong
- LG Science Park in Magok, LG H&H Co., Ltd., Seoul 07795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyuck Jai Choi
- Korean Society for Pharmacoepidemiology and Risk Management, Seoul 16499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- LG Science Park in Magok, LG H&H Co., Ltd., Seoul 07795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Hun Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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15
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Monti MM. The subcortical basis of subjective sleep quality. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596530. [PMID: 38854024 PMCID: PMC11160773 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Study objectives To assess the association between self-reported sleep quality and cortical and subcortical local morphometry. Methods Sleep and neuroanatomical data from the full release of the young adult Human Connectome Project dataset were analyzed. Sleep quality was operationalized with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Local cortical and subcortical morphometry was measured with subject-specific segmentations resulting in voxelwise thickness measurements for cortex and relative (i.e., cross-sectional) local atrophy measurements for subcortical regions. Results Relative atrophy across several subcortical regions, including bilateral pallidum, striatum, and thalamus, was negatively associated with both global PSQI score and sub-components of the index related to sleep duration, efficiency, and quality. Conversely, we found no association between cortical morphometric measurements and self-reported sleep quality. Conclusions This work shows that subcortical regions such as the bilateral pallidum, thalamus, and striatum, might be interventional targets to ameliorate self-reported sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M. Monti
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
- Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC), Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
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16
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Semenza DC, Silver IA, Stansfield R, Bamwine P. Local gun violence, mental health, and sleep: A neighborhood analysis in one hundred US Cities. Soc Sci Med 2024; 351:116929. [PMID: 38733888 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Community gun violence significantly shapes public health and collective well-being. Understanding how gun violence is associated with community health outcomes like mental health and sleep is crucial for developing interventions to mitigate disparities exacerbated by violence exposure. OBJECTIVE This study examines the associations between community gun violence , insufficient sleep, and poor mental health across neighborhoods in the United States. METHODS We utilized a novel database covering nearly 16,000 neighborhoods in 100 US cities from 2014 through 2019. Correlated trait fixed-effects models were employed to conduct all analyses while considering various neighborhood covariates such as concentrated disadvantage, demographic composition, population density, and proximity to trauma centers. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that greater gun violence is associated with both insufficient sleep and poor mental health in subsequent years. There is a reciprocal relationship between poor mental health and insufficient sleep, with each partially mediating the other's association with community gun violence. Notably, gun violence exhibits the strongest direct association with poor sleep rather than with poor mental health. We found a consistent reciprocal relationship between sleep and mental health at the community level. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight a complex interplay between community violence, sleep, and mental health, underlining the importance of reducing community violence through numerous long-term interventions to address health disparities across the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Semenza
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University - Camden, NJ, USA; Department of Urban-Global Public Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; New Jersey Gun Violence Research Center, Rutgers University, NJ, USA.
| | - Ian A Silver
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Richard Stansfield
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University - Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Patricia Bamwine
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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17
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Carpena MX, Fraga BB, Martins-Silva T, Salatino-Oliveira A, Genro JP, Polanczyk GV, Zeni C, Schmitz M, Chazan R, Hutz MH, Rohde LA, Tovo-Rodrigues L. Insomnia Polygenic Component on Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder: Exploring this Association Using Genomic Data from Brazilian Families. Sleep Sci 2024; 17:e194-e198. [PMID: 38846582 PMCID: PMC11152637 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insomnia is highly prevalent among individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the biological mechanisms shared between both conditions is still elusive. We aimed to investigate whether insomnia's genomic component is able to predict ADHD in childhood and adolescence. Methods A Brazilian sample of 259 ADHD probands and their biological parents were included in the study. Their genomic DNA genotypes were used to construct the polygenic risk score for insomnia (Insomnia PRS), using the largest GWAS summary statistics as a discovery sample. The association was tested using logistic regression, under a case-pseudocontrol design. Results Insomnia PRS was nominally associated with ADHD (OR = 1.228, p = 0.022), showing that the alleles that increase the risk for insomnia also increase the risk for ADHD. Discussion Our results suggest that genetic factors associated with insomnia may play a role in the ADHD genetic etiology, with both phenotypes likely to have a shared genetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Xavier Carpena
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Developmental Disorders, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Brenda Barbon Fraga
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thais Martins-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Júlia Pasqualini Genro
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme V. Polanczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristian Zeni
- Health Science Center Houston, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Marcelo Schmitz
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Chazan
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mara Helena Hutz
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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18
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Crouse JJ, Park SH, Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J, Park M, Shin M, Carpenter JS, Scott EM, Hickie IB. Chronotype and subjective sleep quality predict white matter integrity in young people with emerging mental disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:3322-3336. [PMID: 38650167 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Protecting brain health is a goal of early intervention. We explored whether sleep quality or chronotype could predict white matter (WM) integrity in emerging mental disorders. Young people (N = 364) accessing early-intervention clinics underwent assessments for chronotype, subjective sleep quality, and diffusion tensor imaging. Using machine learning, we examined whether chronotype or sleep quality (alongside diagnostic and demographic factors) could predict four measures of WM integrity: fractional anisotropy (FA), and radial, axial, and mean diffusivities (RD, AD and MD). We prioritised tracts that showed a univariate association with sleep quality or chronotype and considered predictors identified by ≥80% of machine learning (ML) models as 'important'. The most important predictors of WM integrity were demographics (age, sex and education) and diagnosis (depressive and bipolar disorders). Subjective sleep quality only predicted FA in the perihippocampal cingulum tract, whereas chronotype had limited predictive importance for WM integrity. To further examine links with mood disorders, we conducted a subgroup analysis. In youth with depressive and bipolar disorders, chronotype emerged as an important (often top-ranking) feature, predicting FA in the cingulum (cingulate gyrus), AD in the anterior corona radiata and genu of the corpus callosum, and RD in the corona radiata, anterior corona radiata, and genu of corpus callosum. Subjective quality was not important in this subgroup analysis. In summary, chronotype predicted altered WM integrity in the corona radiata and corpus callosum, whereas subjective sleep quality had a less significant role, suggesting that circadian factors may play a more prominent role in WM integrity in emerging mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Crouse
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shin Ho Park
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Minji Park
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mirim Shin
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanne S Carpenter
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Scott
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Shibata T, Yamaoka Y, Nawa N, Nishimura H, Koyama Y, Kuramochi J, Fujiwara T. Association of lifestyle and flourishing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1341711. [PMID: 38873516 PMCID: PMC11172671 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1341711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 have changed our lifestyle and little is known how our lifestyle associated with flourishing during COVID-19. This study examined the association between lifestyle, including sleep time, drinking, and smoking, and flourishing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Methods We used the population-based study, Utsunomiya COVID-19 seROprevalence Neighborhood Association (U-CORONA) survey conducted in November 2021 to examine the association between lifestyle such as sleeping time, drinking and smoking, and flourishing (n = 473). Flourishing was assessed with the flourishing index, a 10-item multidimensional scale with five domains. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed adjusted for sex, age, income, and education. Results We found that the flourishing index was significantly lower in the group that slept less than 6 h than in the group that slept 6-8 h (coef = -0.49, SE = 0.17, p < 0.01). We also found that drinking once to several times/week showed higher flourishing than those who almost never drink (coef = 0.57, SE = 0.19, p < 0.01). Smoking was not associated with flourishing. Discussion Sleep duration and drinking habit, but not smoking, may be important for flourishing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyoshi Shibata
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Yamaoka
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Nishimura
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuna Koyama
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Kuramochi
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Interpark Kuramochi Clinic, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Al Worikat N, Zanotto A, Sosnoff JJ, Zanotto T. Mental health and frailty in people with multiple sclerosis: unraveling a complex relationship. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1387618. [PMID: 38840749 PMCID: PMC11150852 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1387618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have up to a 15 times higher risk of being frail compared to age-matched individuals without MS. Frailty is a biological syndrome of decreased physiological reserve and resilience that increases the vulnerability to adverse clinical outcomes and leads to a lower quality of life. Recent studies have begun investigating frailty in the context of MS, highlighting several associations between frailty and adverse events, such as falls, and common MS-related symptoms involving the physical health domain, such as walking and sleeping problems. However, there is a critical knowledge gap regarding the relationship between mental health and frailty in people with MS. This mini-review article aimed to shed light on the potential relationships between MS, frailty, and mental health. Despite the dearth of studies on this topic, indirect evidence strongly suggests that the association between frailty and mental health in people with MS is likely bidirectional in nature. Specifically, mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety may be involved in the etiology of frailty in people with MS. However, they could also be exacerbated by the detrimental effects of frailty on overall health. The complex relationship between frailty and mental health in MS underscores the multifaceted challenges people with MS face. Conducting further research to untangle such a relationship is critical to developing early detection and intervention strategies for improving well-being and medical outcomes in people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida’ Al Worikat
- Department of Occupational Therapy Education, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Anna Zanotto
- Department of Occupational Therapy Education, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Jacob J. Sosnoff
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
- Mobility Core, University of Kansas Center for Community Access, Rehabilitation Research, Education and Service, Kansas, KS, United States
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Tobia Zanotto
- Department of Occupational Therapy Education, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
- Mobility Core, University of Kansas Center for Community Access, Rehabilitation Research, Education and Service, Kansas, KS, United States
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
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21
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Grover LE, Williamson C, Burdett H, Palmer L, Fear NT. Level of perceived social support, and associated factors, in combat-exposed (ex-)military personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02685-3. [PMID: 38771350 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combat deployment increases exposure to potentially traumatic events. Perceived social support (PSS) may promote health and recovery from combat trauma. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize studies investigating the level of PSS and associated factors among (ex-)military personnel who served in the Iraq/Afghanistan conflicts. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched in August 2023 and searches were restricted to the beginning of the Iraq/Afghanistan conflicts in 2001. The search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A quality assessment was carried out, and a meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were performed. RESULTS In total, 35 papers consisting of 19,073 participants were included. Of these, 31 studies were conducted in the United States (US) and 23 were cross-sectional. The pooled mean PSS score was 54.40 (95% CI: 51.78 to 57.01). Samples with probable post-traumatic stress disorder had a lower mean PSS score (44.40, 95% CI: 39.10 to 49.70). Approximately half of the included studies (n = 19) investigated mental health in relation to PSS, whilst only four explored physical health. The most frequently reported risk factors for low PSS included post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety, whilst post-traumatic growth and unit support were protective factors. CONCLUSION Higher levels of PSS were generally associated with more positive psychosocial and mental health-related outcomes following deployment. PSS should be targeted in psychosocial interventions and education programmes. Future research should investigate PSS in (ex-)military personnel across other countries and cultures, based on the lack of studies that focused on PSS in countries outside of the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Grover
- King's College London, King's Centre for Military Health Research, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
| | - Charlotte Williamson
- King's College London, King's Centre for Military Health Research, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - Howard Burdett
- King's College London, King's Centre for Military Health Research, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - Laura Palmer
- King's College London, King's Centre for Military Health Research, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - Nicola T Fear
- King's College London, King's Centre for Military Health Research, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
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22
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Türkarslan KK, Canel Çınarbaş D. Insomnia Severity Predicts Psychiatric Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating the Partial Mediations of Worry and Rumination. Psychiatry 2024; 87:179-193. [PMID: 38758524 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2024.2347100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insomnia as a disorder on its own or as a symptom of other mental disorders can lead to significant distress and lower quality of life. By exacerbating negative affect and emotion dysregulation, poor sleep and insomnia can contribute to the initiation and maintenance of mental disorders. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between insomnia severity and overall psychiatric symptoms (anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, somatization, phobic anxiety, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism), and the mediational roles of worry and rumination in this relationship. METHOD The data was collected from a community sample of 1444 participants (females 69.39%, Mage = 27.95, SD = 9.37) who completed self-report measures of insomnia severity, worry, rumination, and psychiatric symptoms. The mediational roles of worry and rumination were tested with mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro. RESULTS It was found that insomnia severity (β = 0.20, p < .001) significantly predicted psychiatric symptoms directly and via worry and rumination (β = 0.33, p < .001), meaning that worry and rumination partially mediated the relationship between insomnia severity and psychiatric symptoms. The findings were similar after controlling for smoking status, daily screen time, coffee consumption in the evening, weekly exercise frequency, and pre-sleep screen time. CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeting the reduction of insomnia severity and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., worry and rumination), as well as the enhancement of adaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., positive refocusing and mindfulness), may alleviate the adverse effects of insomnia on psychiatric symptoms.
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Bushnell G, Ivanenko A, Horton DB, Lunsford-Avery JR, Posner J, Gerhard T, Suarez E, Olfson M. Psychiatric comorbidities and prescribing tendencies of sleep medications and related medications in young people with insomnia: a United States commercial claims-based analysis. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae057. [PMID: 38430553 PMCID: PMC11082474 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To characterize children and youth newly diagnosed with insomnia and to describe their use of sleep and other related prescription medications. METHODS Within a commercial claims database (January 1, 2016-December 31, 2021), we identified children and youth (2-24 years) with a newly recorded insomnia diagnosis (G47.0x; F51.0x) and examined psychiatric diagnoses in the prior 6 months. We evaluated sleep and related prescription medications dispensed in the week after new insomnia diagnoses (i.e. trazodone, other antidepressants, hydroxyzine, alpha-agonists, benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine hypnotics "z-drugs," antipsychotics, and others). Analyses were stratified by age and psychiatric comorbidities. RESULTS Among 68 698 children and 108 118 older youth (18-24 years) with a new insomnia diagnosis, three-quarters had a diagnosed comorbid psychiatric condition; anxiety disorders, depression, and ADHD were the most common. Among those without comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, 20.2% of children and 37.4% of older youth had a sleep or related medication dispensed in the following week. In children without a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, alpha-agonists, hydroxyzine, and trazodone were the most common medications; in older youth, trazodone was the most common medication followed by hydroxyzine, z-drugs, and SSRIs. Sleep and related prescription medications were more commonly dispensed to those with psychiatric comorbidities. From 2017 to 2021, there was an increase in hydroxyzine prescriptions following a new insomnia diagnosis and decline in z-drug and benzodiazepine prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings from a nationwide sample of young people with insomnia highlight the high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities and variety of sleep and related medications they receive. Characterizing prescribing tendencies informs guideline development and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Bushnell
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research; Rutgers University; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Anna Ivanenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel B Horton
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research; Rutgers University; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica R Lunsford-Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tobias Gerhard
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research; Rutgers University; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Elizabeth Suarez
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research; Rutgers University; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Olfson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY, USA
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Aboaja AM, Dewa LH, Perry AE, Carey JF, Steele R, Abdelsamie A, Alhasan GTA, Sharma IS, Watson F, Cairney SA. Sleep interventions for adults admitted to psychiatric inpatient settings: A systematic scoping review. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 76:101950. [PMID: 38788520 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are common, affecting over half of adults with a mental disorder. For those admitted to a psychiatric ward, difficulties with sleep, particularly insomnia, are compounded by factors relating to the inpatient setting. We conducted a scoping review of sleep intervention studies involving adults admitted to psychiatric settings. We categorised the different types of sleep interventions and identified the effects on sleep and other mental and physical health outcomes. Instruments used to measure sleep were also examined. The search strategy yielded 4780 studies, of which 28 met the inclusion criteria. There was evidence of more non-pharmacological than pharmacological interventions having been tested in inpatient settings. Results indicated that non-pharmacological interventions based on cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia improve sleep and may improve mental and physical health. Several distinct sleep measures were used in the studies. Gaps in the literature were identified, highlighting the importance of research into a wider range of sleep interventions tested against robust controls, using validated measures of sleep with evaluation of additional mental and physical health outcomes among a large sample size of adults in the psychiatric inpatient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Aboaja
- Forensic Service, Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Mental Health and Addictions Research Group, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Lindsay H Dewa
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Amanda E Perry
- Mental Health and Addictions Research Group, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jon F Carey
- Forensic Service, Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Rachel Steele
- Library and Information Services, Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys, NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Ahmed Abdelsamie
- Forensic Service, Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Gies T A Alhasan
- Forensic Service, Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Ishwari S Sharma
- Forensic Service, Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Florence Watson
- Forensic Service, Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Scott A Cairney
- Department of Psychology, University of York, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute (YBRI), University of York, UK
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Messman BA, Wiley JF, Feldman E, Dietch JR, Taylor DJ, Slavish DC. Irregular sleep is linked to poorer mental health: A pooled analysis of eight studies. Sleep Health 2024:S2352-7218(24)00060-3. [PMID: 38704353 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Greater sleep disturbances on average are a risk factor for impaired mental health. Recent research has shown that more intraindividual variability (i.e., inconsistency) in sleep (hereafter called "sleep intraindividual variability") may also be uniquely related to mental health, even above the influence of mean sleep patterns averaged across days. The current study examined associations between sleep intraindividual variability and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia across different facets of sleep intraindividual variability (sleep duration, efficiency, and timing) and sleep measurement types (sleep diary and actigraphy). METHODS We pooled eight datasets (N = 3053 participants) that assessed repeated measures of sleep diary- and/or actigraphy-determined sleep across multiple days, as well as one-time measures of mental health or sleep disorder symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, and insomnia). Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between sleep intraindividual variability and mental health or sleep disorder symptoms. RESULTS Greater diary- and actigraphy-determined sleep duration intraindividual variability was associated with more depression symptoms (diary: b=0.02, p < .001; actigraphy: b=0.03, p = .006) and more insomnia symptoms (diary: b=0.02, p < .001; actigraphy: b=0.02, p < .001). Greater diary-determined sleep efficiency intraindividual variability was associated with fewer anxiety symptoms (b=-0.23, p = .019) and fewer insomnia symptoms (b=-0.15, p < .001). Greater diary- and actigraphy-determined sleep midpoint intraindividual variability was associated with more insomnia symptoms (diary: b=0.41, p = .044; actigraphy: b=0.66, p = .021). CONCLUSIONS More inconsistent sleep duration and sleep timing may be a correlate of poorer mental health. Future experimental work should examine whether stabilizing sleep patterns can improve mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Messman
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
| | - Joshua F Wiley
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Feldman
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica R Dietch
- School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel J Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Danica C Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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26
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Mu FZ, Liu J, Lou H, Zhu WD, Wang ZC, Li B. Influence of physical exercise on negative emotions in college students: chain mediating role of sleep quality and self-rated health. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1402801. [PMID: 38765486 PMCID: PMC11100322 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1402801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Negative emotions in college students are a significant factor affecting mental health, with suicide behaviors caused by negative emotions showing an annual increasing trend. Existing studies suggest that physical exercise is essential to alleviate negative feelings, yet the intrinsic mechanisms by which it affects negative emotions have not been fully revealed. Objective Negative emotions in college students represent a significant issue affecting mental health. This study investigates the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions among college students, incorporating sleep quality and self-rated health (SRH) as mediators to analyze the pathway mechanism of how physical exercise affects students' negative emotions. Methods A cross-sectional study design was utilized, employing online questionnaires for investigation. The scales included the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), resulting in the collection of 30,475 valid questionnaires, with a validity rate of 91%. Chain mediation tests and Bootstrap methods were applied for effect analysis. Results The proportions of university students engaged in low, medium, and high levels of physical exercise were 77.6, 13.1, and 9.3%, respectively. The proportions of students experiencing "very severe" levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were 4.5, 10.9, and 3.6%, respectively. Physical exercise was significantly positively correlated with self-rated health (r = 0.194, p < 0.01), significantly negatively correlated with sleep quality (r = -0.035, p < 0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with stress, anxiety, and depression (r = -0.03, p < 0.01; r = -0.058, p < 0.01; r = -0.055, p < 0.01). Sleep quality was significantly negatively correlated with self-rated health (r = -0.242, p < 0.01). Mediation effect testing indicated that sleep quality and self-rated health partially mediated the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions, with total effect, total direct effect, and total indirect effect values of -1.702, -0.426, and - 1.277, respectively. Conclusion College students primarily engage in low-intensity physical activity. Sleep quality and self-rated health mediate the impact of physical exercise on students' negative emotions. A certain level of physical activity can directly affect students' emotional states and indirectly influence their negative emotions via sleep and self-rated health. Regular engagement in physical activities primarily positively impacts emotional states by enhancing mood stability and overall emotional resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-zheng Mu
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hu Lou
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei-dong Zhu
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhen-cheng Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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27
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Fuller-Rowell TE, Zeringue MM, Saini EK, Yip T, El-Sheikh M. Do Sleep Problems Exacerbate the Mental Health Consequences of Discrimination Among Adults? Psychosom Med 2024; 86:324-333. [PMID: 38588054 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An emerging literature suggests that sleep may play an important role in moderating the association between discrimination and mental health problems among adolescents. However, few if any studies have considered this topic among adults. Addressing this knowledge gap, the current study examined multiple sleep parameters as moderating variables in the association between discrimination and mental health problems among adults. METHODS Participants were 874 adults residing in small towns and semirural contexts within the Southeastern region of the United States ( Mage = 41 years, SD = 7; 57% female; 31% Black, 69% White; 52% income-to-needs < 2). Sleep duration and night-to-night variability in duration were assessed using wrist actigraphy. Established self-report measures were used to assess global sleep problems, experiences of discrimination, and mental health problems (anxiety, depression, and externalizing symptoms). RESULTS Experiences of discrimination were associated with more depression, anxiety, and externalizing problems. Two out of three sleep parameters were found to moderate the effects of discrimination on mental health. The association between discrimination and externalizing problems (but not anxiety or depression) was attenuated among those with less night-to-night variability in sleep duration. The associations between discrimination and anxiety and externalizing problems (but not depression) were attenuated among those with fewer global sleep problems. Less variability in sleep duration and fewer global sleep problems were also directly associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, and externalizing problems. CONCLUSIONS Greater consistency in sleep duration from night-to-night, and fewer overall sleep problems appear to mitigate risk of mental health problems among adults, particularly in contexts where discrimination is prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Fuller-Rowell
- From the Department of Human Development and Family Science (Fuller-Rowell, El-Sheikh), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Psychology (Zeringue), Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee; Department of Human Development and Family Studies (Saini), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and Department of Psychology (Yip), Fordham University, Bronx, New York
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28
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Jaffe SN, McGlinchey EL. Time restricted eating and depression: a psychological perspective. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:344-347. [PMID: 38329088 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2313981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalom N Jaffe
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA
| | - Eleanor L McGlinchey
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA
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29
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Alger SE, Bennett C, Bennett N, Huebner MG, Lee JEC, Edge HJM, Simms A, Adler AB. Insufficient Sleep and Behavioral Health in the Military: A 5-Country Perspective. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2024; 26:229-239. [PMID: 38700836 PMCID: PMC11081997 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this paper was to highlight the degree to which sleep, behavioral health, and leader involvement were interrelated using data from militaries in five English-speaking countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and the United States. RECENT FINDINGS Many service members reported sleeping fewer than the recommended 7 h/night: 34.9%, 67.2%, and 77.2% of respondents from New Zealand, Canada, and the United States, respectively. Countries reporting shorter sleep duration also reported fewer insomnia-related difficulties, likely reflecting higher sleep pressure from chronic sleep loss. Across all countries, sleep problems were positively correlated with behavioral health symptoms. Importantly, leader promotion of healthy sleep was positively correlated with more sleep and negatively correlated with sleep problems and behavioral health symptoms. Insufficient sleep in the military is ubiquitous, with serious implications for the behavioral health and functioning of service members. Leaders should attend to these risks and examine ways to promote healthy sleep in service members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Alger
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 29010, US.
| | - Clare Bennett
- Defence Health Directorate, New Zealand Defence Force, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Neanne Bennett
- Australian Defence Force, Joint Health Command, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew G Huebner
- Director General Military Personnel Research and Analysis, Department of National Defence, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer E C Lee
- Director General Military Personnel Research and Analysis, Department of National Defence, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Heather J McCuaig Edge
- Director General Military Personnel Research and Analysis, Department of National Defence, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Amos Simms
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amy B Adler
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 29010, US
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30
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Stecher C, Cloonan S, Domino ME. The Economics of Treatment for Depression. Annu Rev Public Health 2024; 45:527-551. [PMID: 38100648 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-061022-040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of depression has risen over the past three decades across all socioeconomic groups and geographic regions, with a particularly rapid increase in prevalence among adolescents (aged 12-17 years) in the United States. Depression imposes large health, economic, and societal costs, including reduced life span and quality of life, medical costs, and reduced educational attainment and workplace productivity. A wide range of treatment modalities for depression are available, but socioeconomic disparities in treatment access are driven by treatment costs, lack of culturally tailored options, stigma, and provider shortages, among other barriers. This review highlights the need for comparative research to better understand treatments' relative efficacy, cost-effectiveness, scalability, and potential heterogeneity in efficacy across socioeconomic groups and country and cultural contexts. To address the growing burden of depression, mental health policy could consider reducing restrictions on the supply of providers, implementing digital interventions, reducing stigma, and promoting healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Stecher
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA;
- The Center for Health Information and Research, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sara Cloonan
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Marisa Elena Domino
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA;
- The Center for Health Information and Research, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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31
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Cederlöf E, Holm M, Taipale H, Tiihonen J, Tanskanen A, Lähteenvuo M, Lahdensuo K, Kampman O, Wegelius A, Isometsä E, Kieseppä T, Palotie A, Suvisaari J, Paunio T. Antipsychotic medications and sleep problems in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:230-238. [PMID: 38579432 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep problems are common and related to a worse quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Almost all patients with schizophrenia use antipsychotic medications, which usually increase sleep. Still, the differences in subjective sleep outcomes between different antipsychotic medications are not entirely clear. METHODS This study assessed 5466 patients with schizophrenia and is part of the nationwide Finnish SUPER study. We examined how the five most common antipsychotic medications (clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, and risperidone) associate with questionnaire-based sleep problems in logistic regression analyses, including head-to-head analyses between different antipsychotic medications. The sleep problems were difficulties initiating sleep, early morning awakenings, fatigue, poor sleep quality, short (≤6 h) and long sleep duration (≥10 h). RESULTS The average number of antipsychotic medications was 1.59 per patient. Clozapine was associated with long sleep duration (49.0 % of clozapine users vs 30.2 % of other patients, OR = 2.05, 95 % CI 1.83-2.30, p < .001). Olanzapine and risperidone were in head-to-head analyses associated with less sleep problems than patients using aripiprazole, quetiapine, or no antipsychotic medication. Aripiprazole and quetiapine were associated with more insomnia symptoms and poorer sleep quality. Patients without antipsychotic medications (N = 159) had poorer sleep quality than patients with antipsychotic use, and short sleep duration was common (21.5 % of patients not using antipsychotics vs 7.8 % of patients using antipsychotics, OR = 2.97, 95 % CI 1.98-4.44, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of sleep problems is markedly related to the antipsychotic medication the patient uses. These findings underline the importance of considering and assessing sleep problems when treating schizophrenia patients with antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Cederlöf
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.
| | - Minna Holm
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Heidi Taipale
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Kaisla Lahdensuo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- University of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finland; University of Turku, Faculty of Medicine, Finland; The Pirkanmaa Wellbeing Services County, Department of Psychiatry, Tampere, Finland; Umeå University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Sweden; The Wellbeing Services County of Ostrobothnia, Department of Psychiatry, Finland
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Erkki Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Tiina Paunio
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
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32
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Zimmerman KA, Hain JA, Graham NSN, Rooney EJ, Lee Y, Del-Giovane M, Parker TD, Friedland D, Cross MJ, Kemp S, Wilson MG, Sylvester RJ, Sharp DJ. Prospective cohort study of long-term neurological outcomes in retired elite athletes: the Advanced BiomaRker, Advanced Imaging and Neurocognitive (BRAIN) Health Study protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082902. [PMID: 38663922 PMCID: PMC11043776 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although limited, recent research suggests that contact sport participation might have an adverse long-term effect on brain health. Further work is required to determine whether this includes an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease and/or subsequent changes in cognition and behaviour. The Advanced BiomaRker, Advanced Imaging and Neurocognitive Health Study will prospectively examine the neurological, psychiatric, psychological and general health of retired elite-level rugby union and association football/soccer players. METHODS AND ANALYSIS 400 retired athletes will be recruited (200 rugby union and 200 association football players, male and female). Athletes will undergo a detailed clinical assessment, advanced neuroimaging, blood testing for a range of brain health outcomes and neuropsychological assessment longitudinally. Follow-up assessments will be completed at 2 and 4 years after baseline visit. 60 healthy volunteers will be recruited and undergo an aligned assessment protocol including advanced neuroimaging, blood testing and neuropsychological assessment. We will describe the previous exposure to head injuries across the cohort and investigate relationships between biomarkers of brain injury and clinical outcomes including cognitive performance, clinical diagnoses and psychiatric symptom burden. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Relevant ethical approvals have been granted by the Camberwell St Giles Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 17/LO/2066). The study findings will be disseminated through manuscripts in clinical/academic journals, presentations at professional conferences and through participant and stakeholder communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Zimmerman
- Centre for Care, Research and Technology, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica A Hain
- Centre for Care, Research and Technology, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neil S N Graham
- Centre for Care, Research and Technology, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Erin Jane Rooney
- Centre for Care, Research and Technology, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College London, London, UK
| | - Ying Lee
- Centre for Care, Research and Technology, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College London, London, UK
| | - Martina Del-Giovane
- Centre for Care, Research and Technology, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas D Parker
- Centre for Care, Research and Technology, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, The Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Daniel Friedland
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Cross
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Premiership Rugby, London, UK
| | - Simon Kemp
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mathew G Wilson
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College London, London, UK
- HCA Healthcare Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Richard J Sylvester
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College London, London, UK
- Acute Stroke and Brain Injury Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - David J Sharp
- Centre for Care, Research and Technology, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Li JN, Zheng QX, Jiang XM, Chen XQ, Huang L, Pan YQ, Liu RL, Zhu Y. Prevalence and bidirectional association of sleep quality and gut health among Chinese midwives: a large population, multi-center cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1368178. [PMID: 38694975 PMCID: PMC11061365 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1368178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Shift work can disrupt sleep quality and gut health. Nurses and midwives constitute approximately half of the global healthcare shift-working workforce. Our previous study revealed that most midwives were experiencing suboptimal health conditions, characterized by poor sleep quality and a high prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases. The gut-brain axis theory highlights the potential interplay between sleep quality and gut health. However, limited research focuses on this relationship among midwives. Methods A cross-sectional survey included 2041 midwives from 87 Chinese hospitals between March and October 2023. Participants completed standardized questionnaires assessing sleep quality, gut health, depression, anxiety, and work stress. Binary logistic regression analyzed factors associated with poor sleep, and multiple linear regression examined the influence of sleep quality on gut health. Results Over 60% of midwives reported poor sleep, with many experiencing gastrointestinal disorders. We observed a bidirectional relationship between sleep quality and gut health among midwives. After multivariable adjustments, midwives with higher gut health scores were more likely to experience poor sleep quality (odds ratio = 1.042, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.054). Conversely, midwives with higher sleep quality scores were also more likely to have poor gut health (β = 0.222, 95% confidence interval = 0.529-0.797). These associations remained robust across sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, depression, anxiety, and work stress significantly affected both sleep quality and gut health among midwives. Conclusion This study enhances our understanding of the intricate relationship between sleep quality and gut health among midwives. Poor gut health was associated with a higher risk of poor sleep, and vice versa. To improve the overall wellbeing of midwives, the findings emphasize the importance of addressing poor sleep quality and promoting gut health through maintaining a healthy diet, lifestyle, and good mental health. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Li
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Zheng
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Min Jiang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Chen
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Pan
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ru-Lin Liu
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Gamble MC, Williams BR, McKenna JT, Logan RW. SleepInvestigatoR: A flexible R function for analyzing scored sleep in rodents. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.12.588853. [PMID: 38659801 PMCID: PMC11042239 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.12.588853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Analyzing scored sleep is a fundamental prerequisite to understanding how sleep changes between health and disease. Classically, this is accomplished by manually calculating various measures (e.g., percent of non-rapid eye movement sleep) from a collection of scored sleep files. This process can be tedious and error prone especially when studies include a large number of animals or involve long recording sessions. To address this issue, we present SleepInvestigatoR, a versatile tool that can quickly organize and analyze multiple scored sleep files into a single output. The function is written in the open-source statistical language R and has a total of 25 parameters that can be set to match a wide variety of experimenter needs. SleepInvestigatoR delivers a total of 22 unique measures of sleep, including all measures commonly reported in the rodent literature. A simple plotting function is also provided to quickly graph and visualize the scored data. All code is designed to be implemented with little formal coding knowledge and step-by-step instructions are provided on the corresponding GitHub page. Overall, SleepInvestigatoR provides the sleep researcher a critical tool to increase efficiency, interpretation, and reproducibility in analyzing scored rodent sleep.
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Yu J, Yang Z, Sun S, Sun K, Chen W, Zhang L, Xu J, Xu Q, Liu Z, Ke J, Zhang L, Zhu Y. The effect of weighted blankets on sleep and related disorders: a brief review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1333015. [PMID: 38686123 PMCID: PMC11056563 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1333015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disorders such as insomnia can lead to a range of health problems. The high risk of side effects and drug abuse of traditional pharmacotherapy calls for a safer non-pharmacotherapy. Aims To examine the use and efficacy of weighted blankets in improving sleep and related disorders in different populations and explore the possible mechanisms. Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and CNKI databases. Eligible studies included an intervention with weighted blankets and outcomes covering sleep and/or related disorders (behavioral disturbance, negative emotions and daytime symptoms). Studies using other deep pressure, compression, or exercise-related interventions were excluded. Conclusions Most of the included studies showed that weighted blankets could effectively improve sleep quality and alleviate negative emotions and daytime symptoms in patients with sleep disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and other related disorders, with a possible mechanism of deep pressure touch. Recommendations Weighted blankets might be a promising tool for sleep interventions among individuals with sleep disorders in clinical settings. More high-quality and large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to further validate the safety and efficacy of weighted blankets and explore precise mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqing Yang
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sudan Sun
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaili Sun
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiran Chen
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Neurology/Center for Sleep Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinglin Xu
- Department of Neurology/Center for Sleep Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuyun Liu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Ke
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lisan Zhang
- Department of Neurology/Center for Sleep Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
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Konno Y, Kamigaso S, Toki H, Terasaka S, Hikichi H, Endo H, Yamaguchi J, Mizuno‐Yasuhira A. Preclinical metabolism and the disposition of vornorexant/TS-142, a novel dual orexin 1/2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1183. [PMID: 38491717 PMCID: PMC10943176 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the metabolism and disposition of vornorexant, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist, in rats and dogs, and clarified in vitro metabolite profiles in humans. Furthermore, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of active metabolites in rats and dogs and their CNS distribution in rats to elucidate its contribution to drug efficacy. [14 C]vornorexant was rapidly and mostly absorbed after the oral administration in rats and dogs. The drug-derived radioactivity, including metabolites, was distributed to major organs such as the liver, kidneys in rats, and was almost eliminated within 24 h post-dose in both species. Metabolite profiling revealed that main clearance mechanism of vornorexant was metabolism via multiple pathways by oxidation. The major circulating components were the cleaved metabolites (M10, M12) in rats, and the unchanged form in dogs, followed by M1, and then M3. Incubation with human hepatocytes resulted in formation of metabolites, including M1, M3, M10, and M12. The metabolic pathways were similar in all tested species. Resulting from the PK and CNS distribution of active metabolites (M1 and M3) with weaker pharmacological activity, the concentration of the unchanged form was higher than that of active metabolites in rat CSF and dog plasma, suggesting that the unchanged form mainly contributed to the drug efficacy. These findings demonstrate that vornorexant is absorbed immediately after administration, and vornorexant and its metabolites are rapidly and completely eliminated in rats and dogs. Thus, vornorexant may have favorable pharmacokinetic profiles as a hypnotic drug to provide rapid onset of action and minimal next-day residual effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Konno
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Shunsuke Kamigaso
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Hidetoh Toki
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Shuichi Terasaka
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Hirohiko Hikichi
- Pharmacology, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Hiromi Endo
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Jun‐Ichi Yamaguchi
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Akiko Mizuno‐Yasuhira
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
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Johnsen L, Bird JC, Salkovskis P, James AC, Stratford HJ, Sheaves B. Sleep disruption in adolescent inpatients: prevalence, associations with clinical outcomes, and clinician perspectives. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14056. [PMID: 37787462 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Sleep problems are common for adolescents with psychiatric disorders, and sleep treatment may aid mental health recovery. Inpatient admissions are likely a particularly challenging time for sleep. Despite this little is known about the nature of sleep problems, and how sleep treatments could be optimised for this setting. This mixed-methods study set out to better understand sleep disturbances in adolescent inpatients. Study 1 examined the prevalence of Sleep Condition Indicator-assessed insomnia at admission and associations with psychiatric symptoms and admission length in 100 inpatients (aged 11-17 years) on one unit in Oxford. Data were gathered from admission routine measures and medical records. Associations were analysed using linear regressions. Half of the inpatients (n = 50) screened positive for insomnia at admission. Moderate-large significant associations were observed between more severe insomnia and more severe depression (β = -0.56), anxiety (β = -0.51), self-harm (β = -0.49), psychotic experiences (β = -0.32), and conduct problems (β = -0.30), but not admission length. Study 2 gained 12 clinicians' perspectives on sleep problems on the unit via a focus group and semi-structured interviews, analysed using thematic analysis. Ward staff observed insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescent inpatients and a reciprocal relationship with mental health symptoms. Ward processes were barriers (e.g., night-time observations) and facilitators (e.g., regular routines) of sleep. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia was not routinely offered but viewed as potentially helpful. Insomnia may be a common problem for adolescent inpatients, associated with greater psychopathology, but not admission length. The possible benefits of psychological sleep interventions for adolescents admitted to psychiatric units now require testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Johnsen
- Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Thatcham, UK
| | - Jessica C Bird
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul Salkovskis
- The Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony C James
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Bryony Sheaves
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Tavares VDDO, de Sousa GM, Schuch FB, Campanelli S, Meyer J, de Almeida RN, Agrícola PMD, Alves L, Gurgel ML, Gonçalves KTDC, Patten S, Sarris J, Barbalho W, Arcoverde EN, Galvão-Coelho NL. Self-Reported Mood and Lifestyle-Related Physical Activity of Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder. Percept Mot Skills 2024; 131:489-513. [PMID: 38231015 DOI: 10.1177/00315125241226997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
We investigated whether mood and lifestyle-related indicators of physical health are differentially expressed according to self-reported levels of depressive symptoms among young adults with a current episode of major depression. In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 94 young adults (females = 67, 71.3%; males = 27, 28.7%; aged 18-35 years) with a current episode of major depression. We assessed their mood with the Profile of Mood States (POMS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory-(BAI), sleep with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), physical activity with the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ), and their cardiorespiratory fitness. Participants' depression levels were classified as follows using established cut-points: (a) Mild Depressive Symptoms (MIDS, BDI-II 14-19 points, n = 17), (b) Moderate Depressive Symptoms (MODS, BDI-II 20-28 points, n = 37) or (c) Severe Depressive Symptoms (SEDS, BDI-II 29-63 points, n = 40). As expected, we found that young adults with SEDS, when compared to those with MODS and MIDS, showed higher depressive mood on the POMS, and they exhibited greater anxiety symptoms, lower reported 'vigor' on physical activity measures, worse sleep quality as expressed by their global score sleep; daytime dysfunction; and sleep disturbance, and they showed lower cardiorespiratory fitness. Those with moderate depressive symptoms only differed from those with mild symptoms with respect to hostility, fatigue and mood disturbance. Although there was a gradient whereby worse mental and physical health indicators were more closely related to the SEDS depression categorization, while healthier indicators were associated with the MIDS category, some parameters were not different between the MDD severity groups, particularly when comparing MIDS and MODS. Clinicians treating patients with MDD should consider these factors when designing lifestyle-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Deuel de O Tavares
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Geovan Menezes de Sousa
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Stephany Campanelli
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jacob Meyer
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Raissa Nóbrega de Almeida
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Pedro Moraes Dutra Agrícola
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Alves
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Gurgel
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Scott Patten
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jerome Sarris
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, AU-VIC, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, AU-NSW, Australia
| | - Walter Barbalho
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, AU-NSW, Australia
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Mijnster T, Boersma GJ, van Veen MM, Liemburg E, Cath D, Pijnenborg GHM, De Jong PJ, Lancel M. Sleep disorders in a naturalistic cohort of Dutch psychiatric outpatients: prevalence rates and associations with psychopathology symptom severity and well-being. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14009. [PMID: 37533279 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Sleep problems are very common in individuals with a mental disorder. Given the abundant evidence indicating the negative impact of disturbed sleep on mental health outcome, insight into the prevalence of all types of sleep disorders in specific mental disorders and neurodevelopmental conditions is of practical importance. Therefore, we estimated the prevalence of six types of sleep disorders with the Holland Sleep Disorders Questionnaire in an overall mental health sample (n = 1082) and separately for different mental and neurodevelopmental conditions. Furthermore, associations between specific sleep disorders, psychopathology and well-being were studied. The impact of the total number of sleep disorders on these associations was examined. Overall, 46.2% of all participants scored above the cut-off for having a sleep disorder. Specifically, 26.8% scored on insomnia, 12.1% on sleep breathing disorders, 9.7% on hypersomnia, 13.7% on circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, 11.2% on parasomnia, and 17.9% on sleep-related movement disorders. Most sleep disorders were associated with greater severity of psychopathology and lower well-being. These associations got stronger with an increasing number of sleep disorders. Our study revealed higher suspected prevalence of most sleep disorders in a mental disorder sample compared to the general population. Moreover, the presence of sleep disorder(s) was strongly associated with symptom severity and reduced well-being. These findings extend the notion that early detection and treatment of sleep disorders in mental health populations is essential for psychiatric outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teus Mijnster
- Centre of Expertise on Sleep and Psychiatry, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Assen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gretha J Boersma
- Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike M van Veen
- Centre of Expertise on Sleep and Psychiatry, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Liemburg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Cath
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Specialist Trainings, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerdina H M Pijnenborg
- Department of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Assen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J De Jong
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marike Lancel
- Centre of Expertise on Sleep and Psychiatry, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Assen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Assen, The Netherlands
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Peng J, Yuan S, Wei Z, Liu C, Li K, Wei X, Yuan S, Guo Z, Wu L, Feng T, Zhou Y, Li J, Yang Q, Liu X, Wu S, Ren L. Temporal network of experience sampling methodology identifies sleep disturbance as a central symptom in generalized anxiety disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:241. [PMID: 38553683 PMCID: PMC10981297 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A temporal network of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms could provide valuable understanding of the occurrence and maintenance of GAD. We aim to obtain an exploratory conceptualization of temporal GAD network and identify the central symptom. METHODS A sample of participants (n = 115) with elevated GAD-7 scores (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Questionnaire [GAD-7] ≥ 10) participated in an online daily diary study in which they reported their GAD symptoms based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria (eight symptoms in total) for 50 consecutive days. We used a multilevel VAR model to obtain the temporal network. RESULTS In temporal network, a lot of lagged relationships exist among GAD symptoms and these lagged relationships are all positive. All symptoms have autocorrelations and there are also some interesting feedback loops in temporal network. Sleep disturbance has the highest Out-strength centrality. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates how GAD symptoms interact with each other and strengthen themselves over time, and particularly highlights the relationships between sleep disturbance and other GAD symptoms. Sleep disturbance may play an important role in the dynamic development and maintenance process of GAD. The present study may develop the knowledge of the theoretical model, diagnosis, prevention and intervention of GAD from a temporal symptoms network perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Peng
- Mental Health Education Center, Chengdu University, 610106, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- University of Amsterdam, 1018WB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zihan Wei
- Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Brain Park, School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kuiliang Li
- Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, 100000, Beijing, China
| | - Shangqing Yuan
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, 100089, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Guo
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingwei Feng
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of PAP, 300309, Tianjin, China
- Military Mental Health Services & Research Center, 300309, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of PAP, 300309, Tianjin, China
- Military Mental Health Services & Research Center, 300309, Tianjin, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of PAP, 300309, Tianjin, China.
- Military Mental Health Services & Research Center, 300309, Tianjin, China.
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Wang S, Wang K, Chen X, Lin S. The relationship between autoimmune thyroid disease, thyroid nodules and sleep traits: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1325538. [PMID: 38562570 PMCID: PMC10982365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1325538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested a potential association between Autoimmune thyroid disease Thyroid nodules and Sleep Traits, but the evidence is limited and controversial, and the exact causal relationship remains uncertain. Objective Therefore, we employed a MR analysis to investigate the causal relationship between Autoimmune thyroid disease, Thyroid nodules and Sleep Traits. Methods To explore the interplay between Autoimmune thyroid disease Thyroid nodules and Sleep Traits, we employed MR studies utilizing summary statistics derived from GWAS in individuals of European ancestry. To ensure robustness, multiple techniques were employed to assess the stability of the causal effect, including random-effect inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q value. Additionally, we investigated the presence of horizontal pleiotropy through MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO. Results The IVW method indicates a significant causal relationship between "Getting up" and autoimmune hypothyroidism, as revealed by the IVW method (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.78, P-value = 1.99e-4). Additionally, there might be a potential correlation between sleep duration and autoimmune hypothyroidism (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.79, P-value = 0.024). Moreover, the observed potential positive link between daytime nap and thyroid nodules (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.58, P-value = 0.023) is subject to caution, as subsequent MR PRESSO testing reveals the presence of horizontal pleiotropy, raising concerns about the reliability of the findings. The findings suggested a potential inverse association between Autoimmune hypothyroidism and Getting up (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.00, P-value = 6.66e-3).As the results of MR-Egger method(OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.02, P-value = 0.742) exhibited an opposing trend to that observed with the IVW method and the results did not reach significance after P-value correction. Conclusion The results of our study reveal a notable cause-and-effect relationship between Getting up and Autoimmune hypothyroidism, indicating its potential role as a protective factor against this condition. However, no causal connection was observed between sleep traits and Graves' disease or Thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suijian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shaoda Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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Bala J, Newson JJ, Thiagarajan TC. Hierarchy of demographic and social determinants of mental health: analysis of cross-sectional survey data from the Global Mind Project. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075095. [PMID: 38490653 PMCID: PMC10946366 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand the extent to which various demographic and social determinants predict mental health status and their relative hierarchy of predictive power in order to prioritise and develop population-based preventative approaches. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of survey data. SETTING Internet-based survey from 32 countries across North America, Europe, Latin America, Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Australia, collected between April 2020 and December 2021. PARTICIPANTS 270 000 adults aged 18-85+ years who participated in the Global Mind Project. OUTCOME MEASURES We used 120+ demographic and social determinants to predict aggregate mental health status and scores of individuals (mental health quotient (MHQ)) and determine their relative predictive influence using various machine learning models including gradient boosting and random forest classification for various demographic stratifications by age, gender, geographical region and language. Outcomes reported include model performance metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, F1 scores and importance of individual factors determined by reduction in the squared error attributable to that factor. RESULTS Across all demographic classification models, 80% of those with negative MHQs were correctly identified, while regression models predicted specific MHQ scores within ±15% of the position on the scale. Predictions were higher for older ages (0.9+ accuracy, 0.9+ F1 Score; 65+ years) and poorer for younger ages (0.68 accuracy, 0.68 F1 Score; 18-24 years). Across all age groups, genders, regions and language groups, lack of social interaction and sufficient sleep were several times more important than all other factors. For younger ages (18-24 years), other highly predictive factors included cyberbullying and sexual abuse while not being able to work was high for ages 45-54 years. CONCLUSION Social determinants of traumas, adversities and lifestyle can account for 60%-90% of mental health challenges. However, additional factors are at play, particularly for younger ages, that are not included in these data and need further investigation.
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Hasler BP, Schulz CT, Pedersen SL. Sleep-Related Predictors of Risk for Alcohol Use and Related Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults. Alcohol Res 2024; 44:02. [PMID: 38500552 PMCID: PMC10948113 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v44.1.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence supports sleep and circadian rhythms as influencing alcohol use and the course of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Studying sleep/circadian-alcohol associations during adolescence and young adulthood may be valuable for identifying sleep/circadian-related approaches to preventing and/or treating AUD. This paper reviews current evidence for prospective associations between sleep/circadian factors and alcohol involvement during adolescence and young adulthood with an emphasis on the effects of sleep/circadian factors on alcohol use. SEARCH METHODS The authors conducted a literature search in PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science using the search terms "sleep" and "alcohol" paired with "adolescent" or "adolescence" or "young adult" or "emerging adult," focusing on the title/abstract fields, and restricting to English-language articles. Next, the search was narrowed to articles with a prospective/longitudinal or experimental design, a sleep-related measure as a predictor, an alcohol-related measure as an outcome, and confirming a primarily adolescent and/or young adult sample. This step was completed by a joint review of candidate article abstracts by two of the authors. SEARCH RESULTS The initial search resulted in 720 articles. After review of the abstracts, the list was narrowed to 27 articles reporting on observational longitudinal studies and three articles reporting on intervention trials. Noted for potential inclusion were 35 additional articles that reported on studies with alcohol-related predictors and sleep-related outcomes, and/or reported on candidate moderators or mediators of sleep-alcohol associations. Additional articles were identified via review of relevant article reference lists and prior exposure based on the authors' previous work in this area. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Overall, the review supports a range of sleep/circadian characteristics during adolescence and young adulthood predicting the development of alcohol use and/or alcohol-related problems. Although sleep treatment studies in adolescents and young adults engaging in regular and/or heavy drinking show that sleep can be improved in those individuals, as well as potentially reducing alcohol craving and alcohol-related consequences, no studies in any age group have yet demonstrated that improving sleep reduces drinking behavior. Notable limitations include relatively few longitudinal studies and only two experimental studies, insufficient consideration of different assessment timescales (e.g., day-to-day vs. years), insufficient consideration of the multidimensional nature of sleep, a paucity of objective measures of sleep and circadian rhythms, and insufficient consideration of how demographic variables may influence sleep/circadian-alcohol associations. Examining such moderators, particularly those related to minoritized identities, as well as further investigation of putative mechanistic pathways linking sleep/circadian characteristics to alcohol outcomes, are important next steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina T Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah L Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Perrault AA, Kebets V, Kuek NMY, Cross NE, Tesfaye R, Pomares FB, Li J, Chee MW, Dang-Vu TT, Thomas Yeo B. A multidimensional investigation of sleep and biopsychosocialprofiles with associated neural signatures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.15.580583. [PMID: 38559143 PMCID: PMC10979931 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.15.580583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is essential for optimal functioning and health. Interconnected to multiple biological, psychological and socio-environmental factors (i.e., biopsychosocial factors), the multidimensional nature of sleep is rarely capitalized on in research. Here, we deployed a data-driven approach to identify sleep-biopsychosocial profiles that linked self-reported sleep patterns to inter-individual variability in health, cognition, and lifestyle factors in 770 healthy young adults. We uncovered five profiles, including two profiles reflecting general psychopathology associated with either reports of general poor sleep or an absence of sleep complaints (i.e., sleep resilience) respectively. The three other profiles were driven by sedative-hypnotics-use and social satisfaction, sleep duration and cognitive performance, and sleep disturbance linked to cognition and mental health. Furthermore, identified sleep-biopsychosocial profiles displayed unique patterns of brain network organization. In particular, somatomotor network connectivity alterations were involved in the relationships between sleep and biopsychosocial factors. These profiles can potentially untangle the interplay between individuals' variability in sleep, health, cognition and lifestyle - equipping research and clinical settings to better support individual's well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore A. Perrault
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology & Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, QC, Canada
- Sleep & Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Valeria Kebets
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (BIC), Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole M. Y. Kuek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nathan E. Cross
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology & Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, QC, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Florence B. Pomares
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology & Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behavior), Research Center Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael W.L. Chee
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology & Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - B.T. Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachussetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Formica MJC, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Reininghaus U, Kempton M, Delespaul P, de Haan L, Nelson B, Mikocka-Walus A, Olive L, Ruhrmann S, Rutten B, Riecher-Rössler A, Sachs G, Valmaggia L, van der Gaag M, McGuire P, van Os J, Hartmann JA. Associations between disturbed sleep and attenuated psychotic experiences in people at clinical high risk for psychosis. Psychol Med 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38450445 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-diagnostic stages of psychotic illnesses, including 'clinical high risk' (CHR), are marked by sleep disturbances. These sleep disturbances appear to represent a key aspect in the etiology and maintenance of psychotic disorders. We aimed to examine the relationship between self-reported sleep dysfunction and attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) on a day-to-day basis. METHODS Seventy-six CHR young people completed the Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) component of the European Union Gene-Environment Interaction Study, collected through PsyMate® devices, prompting sleep and symptom questionnaires 10 times daily for 6 days. Bayesian multilevel mixed linear regression analyses were performed on time-variant ESM data using the brms package in R. We investigated the day-to-day associations between sleep and psychotic experiences bidirectionally on an item level. Sleep items included sleep onset latency, fragmentation, and quality. Psychosis items assessed a range of perceptual, cognitive, and bizarre thought content common in the CHR population. RESULTS Two of the seven psychosis variables were unidirectionally predicted by previous night's number of awakenings: every unit increase in number of nightly awakenings predicted a 0.27 and 0.28 unit increase in feeling unreal or paranoid the next day, respectively. No other sleep variables credibly predicted next-day psychotic symptoms or vice-versa. CONCLUSION In this study, the relationship between sleep disturbance and APS appears specific to the item in question. However, some APS, including perceptual disturbances, had low levels of endorsement amongst this sample. Nonetheless, these results provide evidence for a unidirectional relationship between sleep and some APS in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J C Formica
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - M Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - U Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Delespaul
- Facalty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Mondriaan Mental Health Centre, Maastricht/Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - L de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Nelson
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - A Mikocka-Walus
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - L Olive
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - S Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - G Sachs
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Valmaggia
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M van der Gaag
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital OX3 7JX, UK
| | - J van Os
- Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J A Hartmann
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Wilson DA, Sullivan RM, Smiley JF, Saito M, Raineki C. Developmental alcohol exposure is exhausting: Sleep and the enduring consequences of alcohol exposure during development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105567. [PMID: 38309498 PMCID: PMC10923002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the leading nongenetic cause of human intellectual impairment. The long-term impacts of prenatal alcohol exposure on health and well-being are diverse, including neuropathology leading to behavioral, cognitive, and emotional impairments. Additionally negative effects also occur on the physiological level, such as the endocrine, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Among these diverse impacts is sleep disruption. In this review, we describe how prenatal alcohol exposure affects sleep, and potential mechanisms of those effects. Furthermore, we outline the evidence that sleep disruption across the lifespan may be a mediator of some cognitive and behavioral impacts of developmental alcohol exposure, and thus may represent a promising target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Wilson
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Regina M Sullivan
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F Smiley
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariko Saito
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlis Raineki
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Cordero M, Barrera A. Report of an Observation Regarding Administering Electroconvulsive Therapy at Night. J ECT 2024; 40:64. [PMID: 38411579 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
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Kim AW. Psychosocial stress, adult suicidal ideation, and the mediating effect of poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24038. [PMID: 38174783 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES South Africa instituted one of the world's strictest lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic, which generated heightened conditions of psychosocial stress and posed widespread mental health risks. Despite the elevated burdens of suicidal behaviors and risk of psychiatric disease in the country, few studies have examined the impacts of psychosocial stress from the pandemic on suicidal ideation in South Africa. This study examined the association between psychosocial stress experienced under the COVID-19 pandemic and adult suicidal ideation, as well as degree to which sleep quality and duration mediated this relationship. METHODS An online survey assessed experiences of COVID-19 psychosocial stress, sleep quality and duration, and suicidal ideation in a sample of 189 South African adults during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. A causal inference framework for mediation analysis was used to assess the degree to which sleep quality and duration explained the association between COVID-19 psychosocial stress and suicidal ideation. RESULTS Suicidal ideation was reported in 21% of adults. Adults described having moderate sleep quality and an average of 6.9 hours of sleep per night. COVID-19 psychosocial stress significantly predicted adult suicidal ideation in fully adjusted models. Sleep quality, but not sleep duration, significantly mediated the association between COVID-19 psychosocial stress and suicidal ideation, accounting for 25.9% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep quality may play an important role in exacerbating the alarming stress-induced mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is necessary to understand the underlying sleep dynamics and associated psychological and neurobiological processes that perpetuate adult suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wooyoung Kim
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Zhang X, Smits M, Curfs L, Spruyt K. Sleep and the Social Profiles of Individuals With Rett Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 152:153-161. [PMID: 38290182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the distinctive social behaviors observed in individuals with Rett syndrome (RTT), characterized by the loss of spoken language, impaired eye gaze communication, gait abnormalities, and sleep issues. The research aims to identify social profiles in RTT and explore their correlation with sleep, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and daytime sleepiness. METHODS Standard overnight sleep macrostructure and respiratory parameters were assessed. Extracting 25 social-related items and one for daytime sleepiness from the Rett Syndrome Behavioral Questionnaire, factor analysis was applied to establish latent social profiles. These profiles were then correlated with sleep parameters. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test compared social profiles based on the presence of SDB (defined by an apnea-hypopnea index greater than one per hour) and daytime sleepiness. RESULTS The study involved 12 female subjects with confirmed RTT diagnoses and MECP2 mutations, aged 8.54 ± 5.30 years. The Rett Syndrome Behavioral Questionnaire revealed a total average score of 25.83 ± 12.34, indicating varying degrees of social impairments. Comprising 25 social-related items, factor analysis yielded four social profiles: "interactive motricity," "mood change," "anxiety/agitation," and "gazing." Longer sleep onset latency correlated with increased socio-behavioral impairments, particularly in interactive motricity reduction. Conversely, higher rapid eye movement sleep was associated with fewer interactive socio-motor behaviors. No significant differences in social profiles were found concerning the presence of SDB or daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest four distinct social profiles in RTT individuals, hinting at shared disrupted circuits between sensorimotor functioning and sleep-related neuronal pathways. Despite the absence of differences in SDB or daytime sleepiness, the study highlights the relationship between sleep parameters, such as sleep onset latency and rapid eye movement sleep, and socio-behavioral outcomes in RTT with MECP2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhang
- Université Paris Cité, NeuroDiderot - INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Smits
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders and Chronobiology, Hospital Gelderse Vallei Ede, Ede, Netherlands; Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Leopold Curfs
- Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Karen Spruyt
- Université Paris Cité, NeuroDiderot - INSERM, Paris, France.
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Vestergaard CL, Skogen JC, Hysing M, Harvey AG, Vedaa Ø, Sivertsen B. Sleep duration and mental health in young adults. Sleep Med 2024; 115:30-38. [PMID: 38330693 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between sleep duration and mental illness has been established in middle-aged and older populations, yet remains less explored in younger adults. Additionally, a common limitation to existing studies is the lack of statistical power to explore less common disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine sleep duration as a predictor for a range of mental disorders and well-being in a longitudinal sample of young adults. METHODS Data were derived from two waves (w1, w2) of the SHoT survey, which invited all full-time university and college students in Norway. The response rates were 34.4 % (n = 62,498) in 2021 (w1) and 35.1 % (n = 59,554) 2022 (w2). This study utilized a nested longitudinal sample from both w1 and w2, encompassing 21,289 students. Demographics, sleep duration (w1), and mental health (w2) were measured by self-report questionnaires. Sex-stratified linear regression models and log-link binomial regression analyses were employed to determine the proportion and calculate the risk ratios, respectively, for mental illness across different sleep duration categories. RESULTS The mean age of the sample was 24.8 years ± 4.5 years (w1). Students with shorter sleep durations, and to some degree longer sleep durations (illustrating a ᒐ-shaped association), exhibited a higher risk for all assessed mental disorders and well-being outcomes one year later, compared to students sleeping 8-9 h. The ᒐ-shaped trend was consistent for both female and male students. CONCLUSION Sleep duration appears to be a transdiagnostic marker for mental health in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie L Vestergaard
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jens C Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Alcohol & Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Allison G Harvey
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
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