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Hirsig A, Häfeli XA, Schmidt SJ. Efficacy of a transdiagnostic Internet prevention approach in adolescents (EMPATIA study): study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:530. [PMID: 39118136 PMCID: PMC11308397 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most mental disorders have their onset in adolescence. Preventive interventions during this period are important; however, help-seeking behavior is generally poor in this age group resulting in low treatment rates. Internet interventions are expected to be an effective, low-threshold, and scalable approach to overcome barriers to help-seeking, particularly for individuals experiencing subclinical symptoms. Internet-delivered indicated prevention seems promising as it targets individuals with minimal symptoms of mental disorders who might need care but are not help-seeking yet. Previous indicated prevention-approaches have mainly targeted specific risk-syndromes. However, this contradicts the increasing recognition of emerging psychopathology as a complex system characterized by co-occurrence and rapid shifts of subclinical symptoms cutting across diagnostic categories. Therefore, this study will investigate the efficacy, mediators, moderators, and core symptomatic changes of a transdiagnostic Internet-delivered indicated prevention program (EMPATIA program) for adolescents. METHODS This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted in a general population sample (planned n = 152) of adolescents aged 12-18 years with subclinical symptoms but without any current or past mental disorder. Participants will be randomly assigned to the EMPATIA program or a care as usual (CAU) control condition. The 8-week guided EMPATIA program encompasses 8 modules targeting the following transdiagnostic mechanisms: repetitive negative thinking, self-perfectionism, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, rejection sensitivity, and behavioral avoidance. Participants will be asked to answer online self-report questionnaires at baseline, after 8 weeks, and at 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up. Diagnostic telephone interviews will be conducted at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. Additionally, intervention-specific constructs (motivation, alliance, negative effects, satisfaction, adherence) will be assessed during and after the EMPATIA program. The level of self-reported general psychopathology post-intervention is the primary outcome. DISCUSSION Results will be discussed considering the potential of Internet interventions as a scalable, low-threshold option for indicated prevention in adolescents experiencing subclinical symptoms. The EMPATIA program introduces a novel Internet prevention program targeting six transdiagnostic mechanisms associated with various mental health outcomes. Thereby, this trial pursues a very timely and important topic because it may contribute to narrow the current care gap for adolescents, to prevent mental health problems and related negative consequences, and to promote mental health in the long-term. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was approved by Swissmedic (Registration Number: 10001035, 08/22/2022) and the Ethics Committee of Bern (Registration Number: 2022-D0036, 08/22/2022). The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05934019 on 07-03-2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hirsig
- Division of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Xenia Anna Häfeli
- Division of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Julia Schmidt
- Division of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
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Soriano V, Ramos JM, López-Ibor MI, Chiclana-Actis C, Faraco M, González-Cabrera J, González-Fraile E, Mestre-Bach G, Pinargote H, Corpas M, Gallego L, Corral O, Blasco-Fontecilla H. Hospital admissions in adolescents with mental disorders in Spain over the last two decades: a mental health crisis? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02543-2. [PMID: 39097852 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Mental disorders account for a large and increasing health burden worldwide. Characterizing the spectrum of mental disorders and trends over time in adolescents should influence education policies and support preventative strategies at schools. Retrospective study of all hospitalizations in Spain in adolescents 11-18-years old, including mental disorders as diagnosis using the Spanish National Registry of Hospital Discharges. Information was retrieved from 2000 to 2021. During the 22-year study period there were 2,015,589 hospitalizations in adolescents in Spain, of which 118,609 (5.9%) had mental disorders. The rate of psychiatric diagnoses significantly increased from 3.9% in 2000 to 9.5% in 2021. Females accounted for 55.1% of admissions. Mean age at admission declined from 17 to 15 years-old from 2000 to 2021. Mean hospital stay was 10.6 days. Mean in-hospital mortality was 0.24%. By rate order, diagnoses were: substance use disorders (SUD) (40%) > eating disorders (15%) > anxiety/posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (13%) > attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (9%) > major depression (8%) > schizophrenia/psychosis (6%) > autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (6%) > sleep disorder (3%) > suicidal behavior (2%) > sexual disorders (1%). A significant gender dichotomy was noticed, with female predominance for internalizing disorders (i.e., anxiety, depression, suicidal behavior and eating disorders) whereas externalizing disorders (i.e., SUD, ADHD, ASD, schizophrenia and other psychoses) predominated in males. Suicidal behavior and male sex were independent predictors of in-hospital death in multivariate analysis. After the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalizations due to mental disorders in adolescents increased by 51% in 2021. There is a growing crisis of mental health among adolescents in Spain. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has unveiled the high rate and severity of psychiatric disorders among youth, a steadily increase has occurred since the beginning of the millennium. Primary preventative strategies should be adapted to distinct and more prevalent mental disorders in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Soriano
- UNIR-Itei & Health Sciences School, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, C/ Zurbano 73, 28010, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - María Inés López-Ibor
- UNIR-Itei & Health Sciences School, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, C/ Zurbano 73, 28010, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Chiclana-Actis
- UNIR-Itei & Health Sciences School, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, C/ Zurbano 73, 28010, Madrid, Spain
- Consulta Dr. Carlos Chiclana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Faraco
- UNIR-Itei & Health Sciences School, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, C/ Zurbano 73, 28010, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Adalmed, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín González-Cabrera
- UNIR-Itei & Health Sciences School, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, C/ Zurbano 73, 28010, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo González-Fraile
- UNIR-Itei & Health Sciences School, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, C/ Zurbano 73, 28010, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- UNIR-Itei & Health Sciences School, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, C/ Zurbano 73, 28010, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Corpas
- UNIR-Itei & Health Sciences School, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, C/ Zurbano 73, 28010, Madrid, Spain
- Westminster University, London, UK
| | - Lucía Gallego
- UNIR-Itei & Health Sciences School, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, C/ Zurbano 73, 28010, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavio Corral
- UNIR-Itei & Health Sciences School, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, C/ Zurbano 73, 28010, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- UNIR-Itei & Health Sciences School, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, C/ Zurbano 73, 28010, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Network Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Soriano V, Ramos JM, López-Ibor MI, Chiclana-Actis C, Faraco M, González-Cabrera J, González-Fraile E, Mestre-Bach G, Pinargote H, Corpas M, Gallego L, Corral O, Blasco-Fontecilla H. Trends in suicidal behavior among hospitalized adolescents in Spain over two decades. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:106-111. [PMID: 39025445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide ranks as a leading cause of premature death among adolescents globally. Understanding the trends and key determinants of suicidal behavior in youth are critical for implementing educational policies and supporting preventive strategies in schools. METHODS This retrospective study examined all hospitalizations due to suicidal behavior in children and adolescents aged 11 to 18 years in Spain, using data from the Spanish National Registry of Hospital Discharges spanning 2000 to 2021. RESULTS Over the 22-year study period, there were 2,015,589 hospitalizations among adolescents in Spain, with 118,609 (5.9 %) cases involving mental disorders. There were 2855 admissions with suicidal behavior, constituting 2.4 % of the hospitalizations among youth with mental disorders. Girls represented 73.4 % of all hospitalizations, with a median age of 16 years. Admissions for suicidal behavior saw a four-fold increase during the last decade (p < 0.001). The in-hospital mortality rate for adolescents with suicidal behavior doubled that of those hospitalized for other mental disorders. During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, admissions of adolescents with suicidal behavior decreased, only to surge by 2.5-fold during 2021. CONCLUSION Hospital admissions for suicidal behavior among adolescents have risen in Spain over the last two decades. Girls represented 73.4 % of these admissions, yet in-hospital mortality was more frequent in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Soriano
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, UNIR-itei & Health Sciences School, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - María Inés López-Ibor
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, UNIR-itei & Health Sciences School, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Chiclana-Actis
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, UNIR-itei & Health Sciences School, Madrid, Spain; Consulta Dr. Carlos Chiclana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Faraco
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, UNIR-itei & Health Sciences School, Madrid, Spain; Centro Adalmed, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, UNIR-itei & Health Sciences School, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Corpas
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, UNIR-itei & Health Sciences School, Madrid, Spain; Westminster University, London, UK
| | - Lucía Gallego
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, UNIR-itei & Health Sciences School, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavio Corral
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, UNIR-itei & Health Sciences School, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, UNIR-itei & Health Sciences School, Madrid, Spain; Center of Biomedical Network Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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Orazi F, Sofritti F, Lucantoni D. Mental well-being of children and adolescents during COVID-19: evidence from the Italian context and possible future developments. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2024; 9:1387030. [PMID: 39050770 PMCID: PMC11267977 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1387030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The article aims to discuss the increased emergence of mental health problems among children and adolescents, as an outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic.The results of a research study conducted among various professionals, such as psychiatrists and psychologists specialized in childhood and adolescence, are presented. The study, which uses both qualitative and quantitative methods, investigates the main consequences of the physical social distancing measures undertaken by the Italian government during the pandemic. The results are in line with the main evidence highlighted by international research and underline the particularly negative effects of the pandemic emergency on the mental health of minors. It reports how the limitation of intersubjective relationships and the forced digitalization of relationships has triggered or caused the emergence of multiple and varied disorders of the psyche, also linked to the area of reference (e.g., metropolitan, urban o remote areas), the socio-economic and cultural fragility of families, as well as the presence of previous mental issues within them. Finally, the research emphasizes how the understanding and management of the psychic health of these population groups, also from a health organization point of view, will be crucial to address the medium and long-term effects of such emerging issues among younger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Orazi
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences,Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Sofritti
- Department of Economics and Law, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Davide Lucantoni
- Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, IRCCS INRCA—National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
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Boateng SA, Okyere J, Attafuah PYA, Dzansi G. Institutional drivers for integrating palliative care services in a hospital in a sub-Saharan African military hospital context. Palliat Care Soc Pract 2024; 18:26323524241262327. [PMID: 38911601 PMCID: PMC11191610 DOI: 10.1177/26323524241262327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The growing burden of life-threatening illnesses and advancements in care interventions call for the intentional integration of palliative care services into existing care systems. The absence of active, functioning palliative care services in most hospitals in Ghana is a major concern. This study explored the factors influencing the integration of palliative care services in one of such institutions. Objectives The aim of the study was to explore the institutional drivers of palliative care integration in a military health facility. Design Exploratory qualitative study. Methods We employed a qualitative exploratory study design situated within a constructivist paradigm. A purposive sampling method was used to select and interview 11 healthcare professionals. A semistructured interview was used to conduct face-to-face, in-depth interviews with participants between April and May 2022. A thematic data analysis was done based on the Braun and Clarke analysis process with the aid of QSR NVivo-12. Results The six themes that describe the institutional driving factors for integrating palliative care services were cognitive restructuring, supportive logistics and infrastructure, staffing, healthcare professional skills, institutional policies and priorities, and utilization of focal persons. It was observed that a paradigm shift in the mindset of healthcare professionals and administrators was a major driver that would determine the integration of palliative care services. A cognitive restructuring will facilitate a more aggressive integration of palliative care services because logistics, staffing, and medication access will be prioritized. Conclusion Institutions have the responsibility of aligning with the WHO policy on palliative care service access and must invest in training, staffing, prioritizing palliative care needs and policies, procurement of essential drugs, and the provision of logistics and supportive infrastructure to scale up the implementation of palliative care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Asamoah Boateng
- Faculty of Palliative Care Nursing, Ghana College of Nursing and Midwifery, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Gladys Dzansi
- Department of Adult Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 43, Legon, Accra 233, Ghana
- Faculty of Palliative Care Nursing, Ghana College of Nursing and Midwifery, Accra, Ghana
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Hoffman CM, Versluis A, Chirila S, Kirenga BJ, Khan A, Saeed S, Sooronbaev T, Tsiligianni I, Arvind DK, Bauld LC, van den Brand FA, Chavannes NH, Pinnock H, Powell PD, van der Schans J, Siddiqi K, Williams S, van der Kleij MJJR. The FRESHAIR4Life study: Global implementation research on non-communicable disease prevention targeting adolescents' exposure to tobacco and air pollution in disadvantaged populations. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2024; 34:14. [PMID: 38834570 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-024-00367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The FRESHAIR4Life study aims to reduce the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden by implementing preventive interventions targeting adolescents' exposure to tobacco use and air pollution (AP) worldwide. This paper presents the FRESHAIR4Life methodology and initial rapid review results. The rapid review, using various databases and PubMed, aimed to guide decision-making on risk factor focus, target areas, and populations. It showed variable NCD mortality rates related to tobacco use and AP across the participating countries, with tobacco as the main risk factor in the Kyrgyz Republic, Greece, and Romania, and AP prevailing in Pakistan and Uganda. Adolescent exposure levels, sources, and correlates varied. The study will continue with an in-depth situational analysis to guide the selection, adaptation, and integration of evidence-based interventions into the FRESHAIR4Life prevention package. This package will be implemented, evaluated, assessed for cost-effectiveness, and iteratively refined. The research places a strong emphasis on co-creation, capacity building, and comprehensive communication and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Hoffman
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Anke Versluis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sergiu Chirila
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Bruce J Kirenga
- Lung Institute & Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Saima Saeed
- Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Talant Sooronbaev
- National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine named after academician Mirrakhimov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | | | - D K Arvind
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Linda C Bauld
- Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Floor A van den Brand
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels H Chavannes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hilary Pinnock
- Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Jurjen van der Schans
- Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Siân Williams
- International Primary Care Respiratory Group, London, UK
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Raheem A, Soomar SM, Issani A, Rahim KA, Dhalla Z, Soomar SM, Mian AI, Khan NU. Thirty-year trends of triple burden of disease in the adult population of Pakistan. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024:fdae054. [PMID: 38654655 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The triple burden of disease, i.e. communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases and injuries, has significantly affected the healthcare system of Pakistan during the last three decades. Therefore, this study aims to determine and analyse the 30-year disease burden trends through prevalence, death rates and percentages. METHODS The data for the last three decades, i.e. 1990 to 2019, was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease for Pakistan. Percentage change in prevalence and deaths over 30 years was calculated. Poisson regression analysis was performed to evaluate the triple disease burden trends and the incidence rate ratio. RESULTS A relative decrease of 23.4% was noted in the prevalence rate of communicable diseases except for human immunodeficiency virus and dengue fever. A relative increase of 1.4% was noted in the prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases. A relative increase of 56.1% was recorded in the prevalence rate of injuries. The prevalence rate ratios of communicable diseases significantly decreased to 0.9796 [95% CI: 0.9887-0.9905], but the prevalence rate of injury increased to 1.0094 [95% CI: 1.0073-1.01145], respectively. CONCLUSION Pakistan must take the next steps and develop strategies to decrease this burden and mortality rates in the population to create better outcomes and therefore help the healthcare system overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Raheem
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Issani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Komal Abdul Rahim
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Zeyanna Dhalla
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - Asad Iqbal Mian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ullah Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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Vijayakumar N, Youssef G, Bereznicki H, Dehestani N, Silk TJ, Whittle S. The Social Determinants of Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Adolescents Experiencing Early Puberty. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:674-681. [PMID: 37665306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Earlier pubertal timing is an important predictor of emotional and behavioral problems during adolescence. The current study undertook a comprehensive investigation of whether the social environment can buffer or amplify the associations between pubertal timing and emotional and behavioral problems. METHODS Research questions were examined in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a large population representative sample in the United States. We examined interactions between pubertal timing and the shared effects of a range of proximal and distal social environmental influences (i.e., parents, peers, schools, neighborhoods, socioeconomic status) in 10- to 13-year-olds. RESULTS Results revealed significant interaction between timing and proximal social influences (i.e., the "microsystem") in predicting emotional and behavioral problems. In general, adolescents with earlier pubertal timing and unfavorable (high levels of negative and low levels of positive) influences in the microsystem exhibited greater problems. Both males and females exhibited such associations for rule-breaking problems, while females alone exhibited associations for depressive problems. Results also illustrate the relative strength of each social context at moderating risk for emotional and behavioral problems in earlier versus later pubertal maturers. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the importance of proximal social influences in buffering vulnerability for emotional and behavioral problems related to earlier puberty. Findings also illustrate the broad implications of latent environmental factors, reflecting common variance of multiple social influences that typically covary with one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Vijayakumar
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - George Youssef
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah Bereznicki
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niousha Dehestani
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy J Silk
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
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Díaz-Marsá M, Ayad-Ahmed W, López-Villatoro JM, Fernández-Rodrigues V, Ruiz-Guerrero F, Gómez Del Barrio A, Beato-Fernández L, Polo-Montes F, León-Velasco M, Torre-Luque ADL, Carrasco JL, Caso JR, MacDowell KS, Leza JC. Inflammatory profiles in women with eating disorder: Linking inflammatory biomarkers to clinical phenotypes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 162:106956. [PMID: 38218002 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eating disorders (ED) represent a group of very complex and serious diagnoses characterized by emotional dysregulation and impulsivity. New approaches are necessary to achieve effective diagnosis and treatments. Shifting biomarker research away from the constraints of diagnostic categories may effectively contribute to a dimensional differentiation across disorders according to neurobiology (e.g., inflammatory biomarkers). Thus, the aim of our study was to identify inflammatory profiles in patients with ED. METHODS A sample of 100 women with an ED (23.4 ± 8.55 years) and 59 healthy controls (HC) (20.22 ± 4.18 years) was used. K-means cluster analysis was followed to identify inflammatory clusters considering seven blood biomarkers (iNOS, TNFα, COX2, p38, ERK, TBARS and PPARγ). Moreover, a wide assessment of clinical features was conducted. RESULTS Two distinct clusters were identified. Cluster 1 patients were characterized by higher inflammatory levels of TNF-α, COX2, p38, and ERK, and had more restrictive anorexia diagnosis than cluster 2. Cluster 2 participants showed higher inflammatory levels of iNOS and were older than cluster 1 and controls and had lower BMI than HC. In addition, they had higher levels of bulimic symptoms than those from the cluster 1 and HC, and higher impulsivity than HC. All ED patients (regardless of cluster) showed higher ED symptoms and more trauma than HC. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that inflammatory dysfunction may be linked with clinical endophenotypes in ED, one more restrictive (cluster 1) with an inflammation/oxidative endophenotype more cytokine and MAPK/ERK mediated, and the other more impulsive, with more bulimic symptoms (cluster 2) with NO free radical high output source iNOS. Trauma seems to be a vulnerability factor for both endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Díaz-Marsá
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health, Institute of Health "Carlos III" (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; IIS Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Manuel López-Villatoro
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; IIS Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Francisco Ruiz-Guerrero
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Andrés Gómez Del Barrio
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health, Institute of Health "Carlos III" (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health, Institute of Health "Carlos III" (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Carrasco
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health, Institute of Health "Carlos III" (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; IIS Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier R Caso
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health, Institute of Health "Carlos III" (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, UCM, Madrid, Spain; IIS Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karina S MacDowell
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health, Institute of Health "Carlos III" (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, UCM, Madrid, Spain; IIS Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health, Institute of Health "Carlos III" (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, UCM, Madrid, Spain; IIS Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Lonergan C, Millar SR, Kabir Z. Associations between adiposity measures and depression and well-being scores: A cross-sectional analysis of middle- to older-aged adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299029. [PMID: 38446756 PMCID: PMC10917308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and mental health are significant global health concerns. Evidence has linked increased adiposity with depression and well-being; however, there is limited documented evidence in Ireland. Research also suggests lifestyle factors and disease conditions to be related to mental health. These may modulate relationships between adiposity and depression and well-being. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 1,821 men and women aged 46-73 years, randomly selected from a large primary care centre. Depression and well-being were assessed using the 20-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the World Health Organization-Five (WHO-5) Well-Being Index. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine relationships between mental health scores (dependent variable) and adiposity (independent variable) defined using body mass index (BMI) and waist-height ratio while adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and disease conditions. RESULTS BMI and waist-height ratio had a significant positive association with depression scores and a significant inverse association with well-being scores in males and females. These associations were maintained following adjustment for demographic variables and lifestyle factors. In final models where disease conditions were adjusted for, BMI (β = 0.743, p < .001) and waist-height ratio (β = 0.719, p < .001) associations with the CES-D score remained significant. In stratified analyses, relationships between measures of adiposity and depression were found to be stronger in females (BMI: β = 0.806, p = .007; waist-height ratio: β = 0.768, p = .01) than males (BMI: β = 0.573, p = .049; waist-height ratio: β = 0.593, p = .044) but no effect modification was identified. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increased adiposity is significantly associated with poorer mental health, independent of lifestyle factors and disease conditions. Targeted interventions for reducing depression should include better population-level weight management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seán R. Millar
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Zubair Kabir
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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11
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Bischops AC, Sieper L, Dukart J, Schaal NK, Reinauer C, Oommen PT, Tomoiaga C, David O, Mayatepek E, Meissner T. Resilience strengthening in youth with a chronic medical condition: a randomized controlled feasibility trial of a combined app and coaching program. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02395-w. [PMID: 38431540 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Youth with a chronic medical condition (CMC) are often affected by comorbid mental disorders. Resilience-strengthening interventions can protect youth's mental health, yet evidence-based programs remain scarce. To address this lack, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a dual approach combining app-based resilience training and cognitive behavioral group coaching. Fifty-one youths with CMC treated at a German university children's hospital aged 12-16 years were recruited. They were randomly assigned to a combined app game and coaching intervention or sole app gameplay. At pre-, post-intervention, and at a 2-month follow-up resilience, automatic negative thoughts and an app and coaching evaluation were assessed. Feasibility was defined as a recruitment rate of 70%, an 85% adherence rate for the REThink game, and 70% participation in both coaching sessions. Feasibility criteria were reached for coaching participation but not for recruitment or app adherence. While both the REThink game app and coaching intervention had high acceptance rates among youth with CMC, participants receiving additional coaching sessions showed higher satisfaction and adherence rates. Participants preferred remote to in-person meetings. The findings support a combination of a gamification app approach with online group coaching. Group coaching can improve adherence while online options increase accessibility. Future research should focus on testing in diverse participant samples, language, and age-adapted updates of the REThink game app. These findings provide guidance for increasing adherence in future intervention studies in youth with CMC cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Christine Bischops
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - L Sieper
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Dukart
- Institute for Neurosciences and Medicine: Brain and Behavior (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N K Schaal
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Reinauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P T Oommen
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Tomoiaga
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - O David
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - E Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Singh A. Intervention for Primary Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases. J Lifestyle Med 2024; 14:54-56. [PMID: 38665323 PMCID: PMC11039443 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2024.14.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, United Institute of Medical Sciences, United University, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Armocida B, Monasta L, Sawyer SM, Bustreo F, Onder G, Castelpietra G, Pricci F, Minardi V, Giacomozzi C, Abbafati C, Stafford LK, Pasovic M, Hay SI, Ong KL, Perel P, Beran D. The Burden of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Adolescents and Young Adults in 24 Western European Countries, 1990-2019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Int J Public Health 2024; 68:1606491. [PMID: 38420040 PMCID: PMC10899430 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: As little is known about the burden of type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in adolescents in Western Europe (WE), we aimed to explore their epidemiology among 10-24 year-olds. Methods: Estimates were retrieved from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019. We reported counts, rates per 100,000 population, and percentage changes from 1990 to 2019 for prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of T1DM and T2DM, and the burden of T2DM in YLDs attributable to high body mass index (HBMI), for 24 WE countries. Results: In 2019, prevalence and disability estimates were higher for T1DM than T2DM among 10-24 years old adolescents in WE. However, T2DM showed a greater increase in prevalence and disability than T1DM in the 30 years observation period in all WE countries. Prevalence increased with age, while only minor differences were observed between sexes. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the substantial burden posed by DM in WE among adolescents. Health system responses are needed for transition services, data collection systems, education, and obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Armocida
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Graziano Onder
- Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatric and Orthopedic Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Castelpietra
- Outpatient and Inpatient Care Service, Central Health Directorate, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavia Pricci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Minardi
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Giacomozzi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Abbafati
- Department of Juridical and Economic Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lauryn K Stafford
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Maja Pasovic
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Simon I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kanyin Lian Ong
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Pablo Perel
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Beran
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Zhang C, Liu Y, Zhao H, Wang G. Global, regional, and national burdens of cirrhosis in children and adolescents aged under 19 years from 1990 to 2019. Hepatol Int 2024; 18:238-253. [PMID: 37101103 PMCID: PMC10858162 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cirrhosis was the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults, but data on the burden and trends were sparse in children and adolescents. We aimed to assess the trends in 204 countries and territories over the past 30 years in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years. METHODS Data on cirrhosis was collected by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database from 1990 to 2019. We reported on the number, rates, and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) of incidence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of cirrhosis at global, regional, and national level. RESULTS Globally, the incident numbers of cirrhosis in children and adolescents increased from 204,767 in 1990 to 241,364 in 2019, an increase of 17.9%, with an AAPC 0.13(0.10 to 0.16). Prevalence (AAPC = - 2.27[- 2.39 to - 2.15]), mortality (AAPC = - 1.68 [- 1.86 to - 1.5]), and DALYs rate (AAPC = - 1.72[- 1.88 to - 1.56]) of cirrhosis have decreased significantly. Cirrhosis incident rates varied between different ages. Cirrhosis caused by alcohol use (AAPC = 1[0.8 to 1.1]; incidence cases increased 48%), hepatitis C (AAPC = 0.4 [0.4 to 0.5]), NAFLD (AAPC = 0.5 [0.3 to 0.6]) have been increasing, while only hepatitis B (- 0.3[- 0.4 to - 0.2]) decreasing. Incidence cases of cirrhosis were increased in low (101.6%) and low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI 21.1%) areas, while decreasing in middle and above SDI areas. At the regional level, the largest increases count was observed in Sub-Saharan Africa. CONCLUSIONS Global incidence rate of cirrhosis has been increasing, while the DALYs rate has been decreasing in children and adolescents. Morbidity of cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B declined, while hepatitis C, NAFLD, and alcohol use increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yiqi Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Liver Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China.
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15
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Xin J, Luo Y, Xiang W, Zhu S, Niu H, Feng J, Sun L, Zhang B, Zhou X, Yang W. Measurement of the burdens of neonatal disorders in 204 countries, 1990-2019: a global burden of disease-based study. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1282451. [PMID: 38264240 PMCID: PMC10803531 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1282451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal disorders are facing serious public health challenges. Previous studies were based on limited data sources and had a narrow geographical scope. We aim to understand the trends of alteration in the burden of neonatal disorders from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories. Methods Data were investigated from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. First, we visualized the burden of neonatal disorders using the number of cases and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), death rate (ASDR), and disability-adjusted life years (ASR-DALYs) from 1990 to 2019. Second, estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were used to evaluate the temporal trends of disease burden during different periods. Finally, the sociodemographic index (SDI) and human development index (HDI) were used to determine whether there exists a correlation between socioeconomic development level, human development level, and potential burden consequences. Results Overall, in the past 30 years, the ASIR trends have remained relatively steady, whereas the ASDR and ASR-DALYs have declined. However, the burden of neonatal disorders varied greatly in various regions and countries. Among 21 regions, the ASIR trend had the largest increase in Central Latin America (EAPC = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.33-0.50). Conversely, the ASDR and ASR-DALYs experienced the largest decrease in Central Europe (EAPC = -5.10, 95%CI = -5.28 to 4.93) and East Asia (EAPC = -4.07, 95%CI = -4.41 to 3.73), respectively. Among 204 countries, the ASIR (EAPC = 3.35, 95%CI = 3.13-3.56) trend in Greece displayed the most significant increase, while the ASDR (EAPC = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.01-1.50) and ASR-DALYs (EAPC = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.03-1.49) trends in Dominica experienced the most substantial increase. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between the EAPCs in ASIR, ASDR, ASR-DALYs, and SDI or HDI in 2019, with some exceptions. In addition, countries with elevated levels of HDI experienced a faster increase in ASDR and ASR-DALYs for neonatal disorders. Conclusion Although the burden of neonatal disorders shows a downward trend from 1990 to 2019, it is still not optimistic. It is necessary to implement a multi-pronged approach to reduce the increasing burden of neonatal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Continuing Education and Training Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yiwen Luo
- School of Public Health, Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Wanwan Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- School of Public Health, Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Sijing Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hui Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- School of Public Health, Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiayuan Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- School of Public Health, Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Landi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- School of Public Health, Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Boxing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- School of Public Health, Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xihui Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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16
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Peuters C, Maenhout L, Cardon G, De Paepe A, DeSmet A, Lauwerier E, Leta K, Crombez G. A mobile healthy lifestyle intervention to promote mental health in adolescence: a mixed-methods evaluation. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:44. [PMID: 38166797 PMCID: PMC10763383 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy lifestyle may improve mental health. It is yet not known whether and how a mobile intervention can be of help in achieving this in adolescents. This study investigated the effectiveness and perceived underlying mechanisms of the mobile health (mHealth) intervention #LIFEGOALS to promote healthy lifestyles and mental health. #LIFEGOALS is an evidence-based app with activity tracker, including self-regulation techniques, gamification elements, a support chatbot, and health narrative videos. METHODS A quasi-randomized controlled trial (N = 279) with 12-week intervention period and process evaluation interviews (n = 13) took place during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents (12-15y) from the general population were allocated at school-level to the intervention (n = 184) or to a no-intervention group (n = 95). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychological well-being, mood, self-perception, peer support, resilience, depressed feelings, sleep quality and breakfast frequency were assessed via a web-based survey; physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep routine via Axivity accelerometers. Multilevel generalized linear models were fitted to investigate intervention effects and moderation by pandemic-related measures. Interviews were coded using thematic analysis. RESULTS Non-usage attrition was high: 18% of the participants in the intervention group never used the app. An additional 30% stopped usage by the second week. Beneficial intervention effects were found for physical activity (χ21 = 4.36, P = .04), sedentary behavior (χ21 = 6.44, P = .01), sleep quality (χ21 = 6.11, P = .01), and mood (χ21 = 2.30, P = .02). However, effects on activity-related behavior were only present for adolescents having normal sports access, and effects on mood only for adolescents with full in-school education. HRQoL (χ22 = 14.72, P < .001), mood (χ21 = 6.03, P = .01), and peer support (χ21 = 13.69, P < .001) worsened in adolescents with pandemic-induced remote-education. Interviewees reported that the reward system, self-regulation guidance, and increased health awareness had contributed to their behavior change. They also pointed to the importance of social factors, quality of technology and autonomy for mHealth effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS #LIFEGOALS showed mixed results on health behaviors and mental health. The findings highlight the role of contextual factors for mHealth promotion in adolescence, and provide suggestions to optimize support by a chatbot and narrative episodes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT04719858], registered on 22/01/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Peuters
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Maenhout
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick De Paepe
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann DeSmet
- Faculty of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Speech Therapy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emelien Lauwerier
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kenji Leta
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Crombez
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Zhang J, Shi C, Liang Z, Jin C, Wang L, Zhong Y, Li Y. Burden of noncommunicable diseases among children and adolescents aged 10-24 years in China, 1990-2019: A population-based study. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101331. [PMID: 38118417 PMCID: PMC10772456 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
China has hundreds of millions of children and adolescents aged 10-24 years, accounting for one-sixth of their total counterparts worldwide. We perform this study to clarify the priority of noncommunicable disease (NCD) control among youth in China via the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. The highest disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from NCDs among youth in China remain in mental disorders, while the most increasing incidence is from diabetes and kidney diseases during 1990-2019. Bullying victimization and high BMI are the top risk factors for DALYs from mental disorders and diabetes mellitus, respectively. The most substantial gender differences are found for alcohol use disorders among the 20-24 age subgroup, which is also the top risk factor for neoplasm DALYs. Targeted interventions for NCDs among youth in China should focus on high body mass, alcohol usage, and bullying victimization, providing crucial information for resource-limited settings across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenyan Shi
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenye Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Pediatric, Shenzhen United Family Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongze Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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18
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Cruz-Martins N. Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals 2.0. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17443. [PMID: 38139272 PMCID: PMC10744050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is currently the most investigated cell response, not only for the frequency with which it occurs but essentially due to the growing incidence of inflammatory diseases, increasingly labeled as characteristics of modern society [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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19
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Ruiz-Guerrero F, Gomez Del Barrio A, de la Torre-Luque A, Ayad-Ahmed W, Beato-Fernandez L, Polo Montes F, Leon Velasco M, MacDowell KS, Leza JC, Carrasco JL, Díaz-Marsá M. Oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in female eating disorders and borderline personality disorders with emotional dysregulation as linking factors with impulsivity and trauma. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 158:106383. [PMID: 37714047 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and eating disorders (ED) are both disorders with emotional dysregulation that may share some similar biological underpinnings, leading to oxidative/inflammatory alterations. Unfortunately, to date, no studies have assessed the relationship between clinical features, inflammatory alterations and childhood trauma across these disorders. Our aim was to identify the potential common and disorder-specific inflammatory pathways and examine possible associations between these dysregulated pathways and the clinical features. METHODS We studied a sample of 108 women (m = 27.17 years; sd = 7.64), divided into four groups: 23 patients with a restrictive ED (ED-R), 23 patients with a bingeeating/ purging ED (ED-P) and 26 patients with BPD; whereas the control group included 23 healthy subjects. Several inflammatory/oxidative parameters: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), p38 mitogenactivated protein kinases, ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases and c-Jun NH2- terminal kinase (JNK), and some antiinflammatory antioxidant elements: glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Kelch-like ECHassociated protein (Keap1) were determined in plasma or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, clinical, impulsivity, trauma and eating behavior questionnaires were administered. RESULTS Three main inflammatory/oxidative components were extracted using principal component analysis (59.19 % of biomarker variance explained). Disorder-specific dysfunction in the inflammatory and oxidative pathways in patients with BPD and ED were revealed by means of relationships with specific principal components (p < .01). BPD patients showed higher levels of a component featured by elevated levels of JNK and lower of GPx and SOD. ED-R and impulsivity were associated with a component featured by the activation of ERK and negative influence of Keap1. The component featured by the suppression of catalase and COX2 was associated with both ED subtypes and trauma exposure. CONCLUSION Several risk factors such as trauma, impulsivity and eating disorder symptoms were transdiagnostically associated with some inflammatory alterations regardless of diagnosis. These findings suggest that the clinical profile comprising trauma exposure and an emotional dysregulation disorder might constitute a specific endophenotype highly linked with inflammatory alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ruiz-Guerrero
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Santander, Spain; Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Andrés Gomez Del Barrio
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Santander, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.
| | - Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Karina S MacDowell
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, UCM, Madrid, Spain; IIS Hospital 12 de Octubre, IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, UCM, Madrid, Spain; IIS Hospital 12 de Octubre, IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Carrasco
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain; IIS Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Díaz-Marsá
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain; IIS Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
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Pedroso CF, Pereira CC, Cavalcante AMRZ, Guimarães RA. Magnitude of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in adolescents and young adults in Brazil: A population-based study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292612. [PMID: 37856487 PMCID: PMC10586685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Estimate the magnitude and factors associated with risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in adolescents and young adults in Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional study that analyzed data from the 2019 National Health Survey. The population of interest was adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 years. Data were collected through individual interviews during home visits. Dependent variables included major risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were used as independent variables. Multiple Poisson regression models were used to assess the relationship between independent variables and risk factors. RESULTS A total of 10,460 individuals (5,001 men and 5,459 women) were included. Regardless of sex, the most prevalent risk factors were insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption (92.6%) and leisure-time physical inactivity (43.3%). The prevalence rates of tobacco smokers, alcohol consumption once a month or more, and alcohol abuse were 8.9%, 28.7%, and 18.5%, respectively. Regular consumption of soft drinks and/or artificial juices was described by 17.2%. The prevalence of overweight was 32.5%. Young adults, males, and individuals with lower educational levels, of black race/skin color, with lower household income, and residents of urban areas had a higher prevalence for most risk factors. Differences in the determinants were found for some factors. Inequalities between Brazilian regions were recorded for seven of the nine factors analyzed. The most socioeconomically developed regions had the highest prevalence of most risk factors. The high magnitude of risk factors indicates a potential increase in the burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases in a future scenario for Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlise Fortunato Pedroso
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás, Goiânia Oeste Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cristina Camargo Pereira
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Alves Guimarães
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Tan X, Yang Y, Yu M. Longitudinal relationship of empathy and social anxiety among adolescents: The mediation roles of psychological inflexibility and rejection sensitivity. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:867-876. [PMID: 37467804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of study was to explore the roles of psychological inflexibility and rejection sensitivity in the relationship between (cognitive and affective) empathy and social anxiety among adolescents. METHODS A two-wave longitudinal design was adopted in the present study. A total of 2481 participants (41.60 % male; Mage = 16.48) aged from 13 to 21 in 2021 completed the Chinese Version of Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI-C), Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ), Chinese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8), Child Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (CRSQ), and Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescent (SAS-A) at baseline assessment (T1), and completed the SAS-A again three months later (T2). RESULTS (1) Results showed, personal distress at T1 could significantly and positively predict social anxiety at T2. (2) Mediation analyses results demonstrated that adolescents' experience avoidance and rejection sensitivity at T1 were significant mediators between cognitive empathy at T1 and social anxiety at T2, but with the opposite effect. As for affective empathy, rejection sensitivity at T1 significantly mediated the relationship between adolescents' empathic concern at T1 and social anxiety at T2. Furthermore, experience avoidance and rejection sensitivity at T1 significantly mediated the association between personal distress at T1 and social anxiety at T2. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive and affective empathy had different roles in contributing to adolescents' social anxiety. The findings in the current study can also provide empirical support for targeting adolescents' social anxiety by reducing personal distress directly and decreasing experiential avoidance and rejection sensitivity indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tan
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, PR China; The Guidance Centre for Student Development, Dongguan High School, Dongguan, Guangdong 523120, PR China
| | - Youtian Yang
- Centre for Psychological Health Education, Zhongshan Technician College, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, PR China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China.
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22
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Feter N, Leite JS, Weymar MK, Dumith SC, Umpierre D, Caputo EL. Physical activity during early life and the risk of all-cause mortality in midlife: findings from a birth cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:872-877. [PMID: 37381074 PMCID: PMC10567256 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to examine the association between physical activity during childhood and adolescence and the risk of all-cause mortality in midlife. We analyzed data from a birth cohort (The 1958 National Child Development Survey), including births in England, Wales and Scotland. METHODS Physical activity was assessed using questionnaires at ages 7, 11 and 16. Death certificates defined all-cause mortality. Cumulative exposure, sensitive and critical periods, and physical activity trajectory from childhood to adolescence were tested using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. The sweep the death was confirmed was defined as the time event. RESULTS From age 23 to 55, 8.9% of participants (n = 9398) died. Physical activity in childhood and adolescence affected the risk of all-cause mortality in midlife. In men, physical activity at ages 11 [hazard ratio (HR): 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-0.98] and 16 (HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.46-0.78) was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality. In women, physical activity at age 16 (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48-0.95) was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Physical activity in adolescence eliminated the risk of all-cause mortality associated with physical inactivity in adulthood in women. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity during childhood and adolescence was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality with different effects by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan Feter
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jayne S Leite
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina K Weymar
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Samuel C Dumith
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Umpierre
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Caputo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Bogaert L, Van der Gucht K, Kuppens P, Kock M, Schreuder MJ, Kuyken W, Raes F. The effect of universal school-based mindfulness on anhedonia and emotional distress and its underlying mechanisms: A cluster randomised controlled trial via experience sampling in secondary schools. Behav Res Ther 2023; 169:104405. [PMID: 37797436 PMCID: PMC10938062 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This cluster randomised controlled trial examined the effectiveness of universal school-based mindfulness training (MT; vs. passive control) to lower anhedonia and emotional distress among mid-adolescents (15-18 years). It further examined three potential mechanisms: dampening of positive emotions, non-acceptance/suppression of negative emotions, and perceived social pressure not to experience/express negative emotions. Adolescents (ncontrol = 136, nintervention = 95) participated in three assessment points (before, after and two/three months after the in-class MT), consisting of Experience Sampling (ES) assessments and self-report questionnaires (SRQs) to corroborate the ES assessments. Analyses were based on general linear modelling and multilevel modelling. Overall, no evidence was found for a significant beneficial and long-lasting impact of the MT on adolescents' mental health. Importantly, some barriers inherently linked to universal MT approaches (low engagement in and mixed attitudes towards the MT) may have tempered the effectiveness of the MT in the current trial. Further research should prioritise overcoming these barriers to optimise programme implementation. Additionally, given the potential complex interplay of moderators at micro- (home practice), meso- (school climate), and macro-level (broader context), research should simultaneously focus on alternative ways of delivering MT at schools to strengthen adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Bogaert
- Research Unit Behaviour, Health and Psychopathology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Mindfulness Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Katleen Van der Gucht
- Leuven Mindfulness Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium; Research Unit Methods, Individual and Cultural Differences, Affect and Social Behavior, KU Leuven, Belgium; Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Kuppens
- Leuven Mindfulness Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium; Research Unit Methods, Individual and Cultural Differences, Affect and Social Behavior, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Merle Kock
- Research Unit Behaviour, Health and Psychopathology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Mindfulness Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marieke J Schreuder
- Research Unit Methods, Individual and Cultural Differences, Affect and Social Behavior, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; University of Oxford Mindfulness Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Raes
- Research Unit Behaviour, Health and Psychopathology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Mindfulness Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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Boyland E. Is it ethical to advertise unhealthy foods to children? Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:234-240. [PMID: 36606537 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages (hereafter: food) high in fats, salt and/or sugar (HFSS) has been strongly implicated in the rising levels of childhood obesity worldwide. Multiple ethical concerns arise from the practice of exposing children to such marketing and efforts to monitor and restrict it through regulatory policies. There is considerable evidence that exposure to powerful food marketing messages affects children's food behaviours in ways that are detrimental to good dietary health. Children are particularly vulnerable to being exploited and deceived by food marketing messages based on their cognitive and developmental immaturity. HFSS food marketing also affects numerous child rights enshrined within the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (of which the UK is a signatory) including the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health. The debate has become somewhat polarised between the public health community's evidence-based assertion that all marketing is inherently exploitative and the rebuttal from food and marketing industry stakeholders that provided the marketing is 'accurate and truthful' and there is no ethical need to regulate. This polarisation is reflected in the complexity of policymaking decisions regarding the rationale for mandatory government-led policies or industry self-regulation. There are also ethical considerations inherent in the monitoring of children's food marketing exposure, particularly in the digital sphere, by researchers for the purposes of informing policy design, scope and implementation. This review paper will explore the latest evidence on these issues and consider the implications for public health research, policy, and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boyland
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
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Wang H, Song Y, Ma J, Ma S, Shen L, Huang Y, Thangaraju P, Basharat Z, Hu Y, Lin Y, Peden AE, Sawyer SM, Zhang H, Zou Z. Burden of non-communicable diseases among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years in the South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2023; 7:621-635. [PMID: 37524095 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remain the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide, little comprehensive or recent evidence of the burden of NCDs among adolescents and young adults in the South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions is available. We aimed to report population shifts in people aged 10-24 years and their NCD burden from 1990 to 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. METHODS We retrieved data from GBD 2019 for people aged 10-24 years in the South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions from 1990 to 2019. We presented population shifts and analysed deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for NCDs. We also quantified the associations of deaths and DALYs with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and Universal Health Coverage (UHC) effective coverage index using Spearman correlation and linear regression analyses. Percentages are reported to 1 decimal place and rates are reported to 2 decimal places. FINDINGS In 2019, there were 559·2 million young people aged 10-24 years in the South-East Asia region and 335·0 million in the Western Pacific region; India and China remained the countries with greatest number of this age group. In 1990-2019, India had an absolute increase of 139·4 million adolescents, while China had a decrease of 134·3 million. In 2019, NCDs accounted for 27·3% (95% uncertainty interval 25·1 to 29·2) and 34·6% (33·5 to 36·1) of total deaths, and 49·8% (45·3 to 54·4) and 65·1% (60·6 to 69·3) of total DALYs in the South-East Asia and the Western Pacific regions, respectively. Neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, and mental disorders were the leading causes of NCD burden in 42 countries. Kiribati had the highest rates of deaths (62·82 [50·77 to 76·11] per 100 000 population), YLLs (4364·73 [3545·04 to 5275·63] per 100 000 population), and DALYs (9368·73 [7713·65 to 11340·99] per 100 000 population) for NCDs, whereas Australia (6976·51 [5044·46 to 9190·01] per 100 000 population) and New Zealand (6716·81 [4827·25 to 8827·69] per 100 000 population) had the largest rates of YLDs due to NCDs. From 1990 to 2019 across both regions, the rate of death due to NCDs declined by over a third (-32·8% [-41·1 to -22·9] in the South-East Asia region and -40·0% [-48·6 to -30·4] in the Western Pacific region), and DALYs decreased by about 12% (-12·0% [-16·8 to -7·7] in the South-East Asia region and -12·8% [-17·7 to -8·7] in the Western Pacific region), whereas the proportion of NCD burden relative to all-cause burden increased (45·7% [32·9 to 61·7] for deaths and 41·2% [35·2 to 48·8] for DALYs in the South-East Asia region; 11·8% [7·1 to 21·5] for deaths and 18·2% [14·6 to 22·0] for DALYs in the Western Pacific region). The rate of deaths and DALYs due to NCDs decreased monotonically alongside increases in SDI (rs=-0·57 [95% CI -0·81 to -0·32] for deaths and rs=-0·30 [-0·61 to 0·03] for DALYs). The rate of deaths (rs=-0·89 [95% CI -0·97 to -0·80]) and DALYs (rs=-0·67 [-0·93 to -0·41]) due to NCDs also decreased alongside increases in the UHC effective coverage index. INTERPRETATION Specific preventive and health service measures are needed for adolescents and young adults in countries with different levels of socioeconomic development to reduce the burden from NCDs. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangmu Huang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zarrin Basharat
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yifei Hu
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Amy E Peden
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hao Zhang
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Hurel C, Ehlinger V, Molcho M, Cohen JF, Falissard B, Sentenac M, Godeau E. Life satisfaction in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic among middle school adolescents in France: findings from a repeated cross-sectional survey (EnCLASS, 2012-2021). Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1204171. [PMID: 37614904 PMCID: PMC10443644 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1204171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Since the COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have reported a decrease in adolescents' well-being. We aim to describe life satisfaction over the last decade and examine the factors associated with its variations between 2020 and 2021 among French students in their last year of middle school (around 14-15 years old). Methods Data were drawn from a repeated biennial cross-sectional national survey conducted in French schools over the last decade (EnCLASS study), using a self-administered questionnaire. After describing life satisfaction trends between 2012 and 2021 using the Cantril ladder, we examined individual changes in life satisfaction between 2020 and 2021 and their associations with housing and studying conditions during the COVID-19 lockdown, using multinomial logistic regression analysis (decrease, increase, no change as reference). Results Among the 17,686 survey respondents, an overall slight decrease in the prevalence of adolescents reporting high life satisfaction (i.e., Cantril score ≥6) was observed since 2012 with the lowest proportion reported in 2021 (77.4%). Between 2020 and 2021, 16.3% of French adolescents experienced an improvement in life satisfaction, while 17.7% experienced the opposite. Decrease in life satisfaction between 2020 and 2021 was more likely experienced by adolescents living in reconstructed families [aOR 2.09 (95%CI, 1.58-2.77)], those who did not have their own room [aOR 1.58 (1.16-2.15)], nor access to the Internet to interact with their friends during the lockdown [aOR 1.47 (1.09-1.98)]. Interestingly, more girls than boys were represented in both those reporting increase and decrease in life satisfaction [aOR 1.82 (1.40-2.37) and 1.43 (1.14-1.79), respectively]. Conclusions This study shows that the way adolescents experienced the first 2020 lockdown in France was not uniform, and that one must consider sex as well as housing and studying conditions when interpreting adolescents' life satisfaction decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hurel
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes, France
- Rennes University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Rennes, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Rennes, France
| | - Virginie Ehlinger
- UMR 1295 CERPOP, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Team SPHERE, Toulouse, France
| | - Michal Molcho
- Department of Children’s Studies, School of Education, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jérémie F. Cohen
- Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOPé, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm U1018, Paris, France
- Public Health and Epidemiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital du Kremlin Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Mariane Sentenac
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOPé, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Godeau
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes, France
- UMR 1295 CERPOP, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Team SPHERE, Toulouse, France
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Andrade CAS, Mahrouseh N, Gabrani J, Charalampous P, Cuschieri S, Grad DA, Unim B, Mechili EA, Chen-Xu J, Devleesschauwer B, Isola G, von der Lippe E, Baravelli CM, Fischer F, Weye N, Balaj M, Haneef R, Economou M, Haagsma JA, Varga O. Inequalities in the burden of non-communicable diseases across European countries: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:140. [PMID: 37507733 PMCID: PMC10375608 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although overall health status in the last decades improved, health inequalities due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) persist between and within European countries. There is a lack of studies giving insights into health inequalities related to NCDs in the European Economic Area (EEA) countries. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to quantify health inequalities in age-standardized disability adjusted life years (DALY) rates for NCDs overall and 12 specific NCDs across 30 EEA countries between 1990 and 2019. Also, this study aimed to determine trends in health inequalities and to identify those NCDs where the inequalities were the highest. METHODS DALY rate ratios were calculated to determine and compare inequalities between the 30 EEA countries, by sex, and across time. Annual rate of change was used to determine the differences in DALY rate between 1990 and 2019 for males and females. The Gini Coefficient (GC) was used to measure the DALY rate inequalities across countries, and the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) to estimate the average absolute difference in DALY rate across countries. RESULTS Between 1990 and 2019, there was an overall declining trend in DALY rate, with larger declines among females compared to males. Among EEA countries, in 2019 the highest NCD DALY rate for both sexes were observed for Bulgaria. For the whole period, the highest DALY rate ratios were identified for digestive diseases, diabetes and kidney diseases, substance use disorders, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and chronic respiratory diseases - representing the highest inequality between countries. In 2019, the highest DALY rate ratio was found between Bulgaria and Iceland for males. GC and SII indicated that the highest inequalities were due to CVD for most of the study period - however, overall levels of inequality were low. CONCLUSIONS The inequality in level 1 NCDs DALYs rate is relatively low among all the countries. CVDs, digestive diseases, diabetes and kidney diseases, substance use disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases are the NCDs that exhibit higher levels of inequality across countries in the EEA. This might be mitigated by applying tailored preventive measures and enabling healthcare access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alexandre Soares Andrade
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 26 Kassai Street, 4028, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nour Mahrouseh
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 26 Kassai Street, 4028, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jonila Gabrani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Periklis Charalampous
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Cuschieri
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Diana Alecsandra Grad
- Department of Public Health, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
- RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Brigid Unim
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Enkeleint A Mechili
- Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Health, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - José Chen-Xu
- Public Health Unit, Primary Healthcare Cluster Baixo Mondego, Coimbra, Portugal
- National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena von der Lippe
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nanna Weye
- Department of Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mirza Balaj
- Department of Sociology and Political Science, Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research (CHAIN), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Romana Haneef
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Injuries, Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Mary Economou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Juanita A Haagsma
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Orsolya Varga
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 26 Kassai Street, 4028, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Song Y, Liu J, Zhao Y, Gong L, Chen Q, Jiang X, Zhang J, Hao Y, Zhou H, Lou X, Wang X. Unhealthy lifestyles and clusters status among 3637 adolescents aged 11-23 years: a school-based cross-sectional study in China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1279. [PMID: 37400802 PMCID: PMC10318770 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy lifestyles are risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and tend to be clustered, with a trajectory that extends from adolescence to adulthood. This study investigated the association of diets, tobacco, alcohol, physical activity (PA), screen time (ST) and sleep duration (SD) in a total of six lifestyles, separately and as cumulative lifestyle scores, with sociodemographic characteristics among school-aged adolescents in the Chinese city of Zhengzhou. METHODS In the aggregate, 3,637 adolescents aged 11-23 years were included in the study. The questionnaire collected data on socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyles. Healthy and unhealthy lifestyles were identified and scored, depending on the individual score (0 and 1 for healthy and unhealthy lifestyles respectively), with a total score between 0 and 6. Based on the sum of the dichotomous scores, the number of unhealthy lifestyles was calculated and divided into three clusters (0-1, 2-3, 4-6). Chi-square test was used to analyze the group difference of lifestyles and demographic characteristics, and multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the associations between demographic characteristics and the clustering status of unhealthy lifestyles. RESULTS Among all participants, the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles was: 86.4% for diet, 14.5% for alcohol, 6.0% for tobacco, 72.2% for PA, 42.3% for ST and 63.9% for SD. Students who were in university, female, lived in country (OR = 1.725, 95% CI: 1.241-2.398), had low number of close friends (1-2: OR = 2.110, 95% CI: 1.428-3.117; 3-5: OR = 1.601, 95% CI: 1.168-2.195), and had moderate family income (OR = 1.771, 95% CI: 1.208-2.596) were more likely to develop unhealthy lifestyles. In total, unhealthy lifestyles remain highly prevalent among Chinese adolescents. CONCLUSION In the future, the establishment of an effective public health policy may improve the lifestyle profile of adolescents. Based on the lifestyle characteristics of different populations reported in our findings, lifestyle optimization can be more efficiently integrated into the daily lives of adolescents. Moreover, it is essential to conduct well-designed prospective studies on adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Song
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingru Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yize Zhao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Gong
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyuan Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xili Jiang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudan Hao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Zhou
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Sun J, Qiao Y, Zhao M, Magnussen CG, Xi B. Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases in youths and young adults aged 15-39 years in 204 countries/territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. BMC Med 2023; 21:222. [PMID: 37365627 PMCID: PMC10294522 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the temporal trends in the burden of overall and type-specific cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in youths and young adults and its attributable risk factors is important for effective and targeted prevention strategies and measures. We aimed to provide a standardized and comprehensive estimation of the prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and mortality rate of CVDs and its associated risk factors in youths and young adults aged 15-39 years at global, regional, and national levels. METHODS We applied Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 analytical tools to calculate the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, DALY, and mortality rate of overall and type-specific CVDs (i.e., rheumatic heart disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, hypertensive heart disease, non-rheumatic valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy and myocarditis, atrial fibrillation and flutter, aortic aneurysm, and endocarditis) among youths and young adults aged 15-39 years by age, sex, region, sociodemographic index and across 204 countries/territories from 1990 to 2019, and proportional DALY of CVDs attributable to associated risk factors. RESULTS The global age-standardized DALY (per 100,000 population) for CVDs in youths and young adults significantly decreased from 1257.51 (95% confidence interval 1257.03, 1257.99) in 1990 to 990.64 (990.28, 990.99) in 2019 with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of - 0.81% (- 1.04%, - 0.58%, P < 0.001), and the age-standardized mortality rate also significantly decreased from 19.83 (19.77, 19.89) to 15.12 (15.08, 15.16) with an AAPC of - 0.93% (- 1.21%, - 0.66%, P < 0.001). However, the global age-standardized incidence rate (per 100,000 population) moderately increased from 126.80 (126.65, 126.95) in 1990 to 129.85 (129.72, 129.98) in 2019 with an AAPC of 0.08% (0.00%, 0.16%, P = 0.040), and the age-standardized prevalence rate significantly increased from 1477.54 (1477.03, 1478.06) to 1645.32 (1644.86, 1645.78) with an AAPC of 0.38% (0.35%, 0.40%, P < 0.001). In terms of type-specific CVDs, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rate in rheumatic heart disease, prevalence rate in ischemic heart disease, and incidence rate in endocarditis increased from 1990 to 2019 (all P < 0.001). When stratified by sociodemographic index (SDI), the countries/territories with low and low-middle SDI had a higher burden of CVDs than the countries/territories with high and high-middle SDI. Women had a higher prevalence rate of CVDs than men, whereas men had a higher DALY and mortality rate than women. High systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were the main attributable risk factors for DALY of CVDs for all included countries and territories. Household air pollution from solid fuels was an additional attributable risk factor for DALY of CVDs in low and low-middle SDI countries compared with middle, high-middle, and high SDI countries. Compared with women, DALY for CVDs in men was more likely to be affected by almost all risk factors, especially for smoking. CONCLUSIONS There is a substantial global burden of CVDs in youths and young adults in 2019. The burden of overall and type-specific CVDs varied by age, sex, SDI, region, and country. CVDs in young people are largely preventable, which deserve more attention in the targeted implementation of effective primary prevention strategies and expansion of young-people's responsive healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Guo Y, Zhang KY, Zou YF, Yu B. National situation, trends, and predictions of disease burden of atopic dermatitis in Chinese children and adolescents. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1161969. [PMID: 37396371 PMCID: PMC10308015 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1161969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an important global health problem affecting children and adolescents and detailed national information of disease burden in China is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the national disease burden of AD in Chinese children and adolescent, to provide the temporal trends over the past 30 years and to predict the burden for the next 10 years. Methods The data of AD in China, including incidence, prevalence, and DALY, and population data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD study 2019), which were estimated using the DisMod-MR 2.1. We analyzed the three measures by age and sex; the age groups were <5 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years. The joinpoint regression analyses was conducted to assess the temporal trends from 1990 to 2019. The Bayesian age-period cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict measures from 2020 to 2030. Results In 2019, the highest incidence case and rate were observed in <5 years group; for prevalence and disability adjusted life year (DALY), the groups of <5 years and 5-9 years showed similar higher levels and the groups of 10-14 years and 15-19 years had similar relatively lower levels. Overall, the male-to-female ratios were >1 in <5 years group and <1 in 10-14 and 15-19 age groups. The trend analyses found an overall trend of decrease in cases of the three measures; in recent about 3 years, slight increase trends were shown in cases and rates of the three measures in <5 years group. The prediction analyses found a slight decreasing trend for cases of these measures and a slight increasing trend for rates of these measures in the <5 years group in the next 10 years; the 5-9 years group was predicted to increase slightly in rates of the three measures. Conclusion In conclusion, the groups of <5 years and 5-9 years are two important populations that need targeted measures to reduce disease burden of AD in China. Regarding sex disparity, we should pay more attention to males in <5 years group and to females in 10-19 years group.
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Vijayakumar N, Whittle S. A systematic review into the role of pubertal timing and the social environment in adolescent mental health problems. Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 102:102282. [PMID: 37094393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Vijayakumar
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
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Pelc A, Winiarska M, Polak-Szczybyło E, Godula J, Stępień AE. Low Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction as a Significant Risk Factor for Eating Disorders among Adolescents. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071603. [PMID: 37049444 PMCID: PMC10096620 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Eating disorders are a problem that is becoming more and more common among younger and younger age groups. Many studies examine the risk factors for EDs, however, the treatment of these diseases is very complicated and requires dietary, psychological and medical intervention. Methods: 233 primary and secondary school students aged 12 to 19 were surveyed using the EAT-26 (Eating Attitudes Test-26) questionnaire, the self-esteem Scale SES and the Cantril scale for life satisfaction. Results: Women, when compared to men, showed lower self-esteem, satisfaction with their appearance, body weight and their lives and at the same time a higher risk of eating disorders in all three areas. Low life satisfaction is often correlated with weight loss greater than 10 kg. Low self-esteem correlated positively with significant weight loss (>10 kg) and more frequent uncontrollable binge eating and exercising (more than 60 min a day) to influence appearance. People with low self-esteem were more likely to be treated for EDs. Subjects dissatisfied with their lives binged, feeling that they could not stop. Conclusion: The younger the person, the more likely they are to develop eating disorders. This is closely correlated with low self-esteem and negative life satisfaction. Men were more likely to be satisfied with their weight, appearance, and life, and were less likely to show ED symptoms.
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Prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints and health-related quality of life in a Maroon and Kalinya Indigenous rural village in Suriname. Qual Life Res 2023:10.1007/s11136-023-03363-8. [PMID: 36823327 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs), a leading contributor to disability worldwide, have a major impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Poor general health related to lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity can lead to a higher risk to suffer MSCs. For minority groups in Suriname such as the Maroons and the Indigenous peoples no research has been conducted regarding prevalence of MSCs, HRQoL and various lifestyle factors. The aims were to determine the prevalence of MSCs and HRQoL in two rural tribal villages in the forested interior of Suriname and to identify various lifestyle factors associated with HRQoL in these communities. METHOD This was a cross-sectional community-based study using the Community Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases stage 1, phase 1 & 2 methodology in Goejaba, a Maroon village and Galibi, an Indigenous rural village. Sociodemographic data, self-reported comorbidities, past MSCs (for longer than seven days), lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol use, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA), and HRQoL (using the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36)) data were gathered among 153 Indigenous individuals in Galibi, and 516 Maroons in Goejaba. Regression models were constructed to explore associations between presence of MSCs, lifestyle factors and HRQoL. RESULTS High prevalence rates for past MSCs were reported in Galibi (72.4%) and Goejaba (58.3%). In both communities, respondents with MSCs reported significantly worse HRQoL than persons without MSCs. MSCs and the presence of comorbidities had a strong negative association with HRQoL, whereas PA positively influenced the physical and mental health domains of the SF-36. Smoking, alcohol use and BMI showed no association with HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS In this first study, a high prevalence for MSCs was reported in an Indigenous and Maroon rural community in Suriname. MSCs and comorbidities had a significant negative impact on HRQoL. PA was associated with higher self-reported HRQoL.
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Evans-Lacko S, Araya R, Bauer A, Garman E, Álvarez-Iglesias A, McDaid D, Hessel P, Matijasevich A, Paula CS, Park AL, Lund C. Potential mechanisms by which cash transfer programmes could improve the mental health and life chances of young people: A conceptual framework and lines of enquiry for research and policy. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e13. [PMID: 37854414 PMCID: PMC10579689 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health is inextricably linked to both poverty and future life chances such as education, skills, labour market attachment and social function. Poverty can lead to poorer mental health, which reduces opportunities and increases the risk of lifetime poverty. Cash transfer programmes are one of the most common strategies to reduce poverty and now reach substantial proportions of populations living in low- and middle-income countries. Because of their rapid expansion in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, they have recently gained even more importance. Recently, there have been suggestions that these cash transfers might improve youth mental health, disrupting the cycle of disadvantage at a critical period of life. Here, we present a conceptual framework describing potential mechanisms by which cash transfer programmes could improve the mental health and life chances of young people. Furthermore, we explore how theories from behavioural economics and cognitive psychology could be used to more specifically target these mechanisms and optimise the impact of cash transfers on youth mental health and life chances. Based on this, we identify several lines of enquiry and action for future research and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Evans-Lacko
- Department of Health Policy, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Ricardo Araya
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service & Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Annette Bauer
- Department of Health Policy, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Emily Garman
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alejandra Álvarez-Iglesias
- Department of Health Policy, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David McDaid
- Department of Health Policy, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Philipp Hessel
- Escuela de Gobierno Alberto Lleras Camargo, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Silvestre Paula
- Centro Mackenzie de Pesquisa sobre Infância e Adolescência, Programa de Pós-graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A-La Park
- Department of Health Policy, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Crick Lund
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service & Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Diaz-Marsa M, Pemau A, de la Torre-Luque A, Vaz-Leal F, Rojo-Moreno L, Beato-Fernandez L, Graell M, Carrasco-Diaz A, Carrasco JL. Executive dysfunction in eating disorders: Relationship with clinical features. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110649. [PMID: 36181959 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Eating disorders (ED) are severe mental disorders that may result in significant functional impairment and disability. Neuropsychological studies have consistently found impaired executive function (EF) among ED patients. EF is particularly involved in fundamental skills of daily living and in behavioral and emotional regulation. In this study, impairment of executive functioning is investigated in patients with eating disorders and the associations with clinical features and clinical subtypes are analyzed. METHOD 75 female patients (m = 22.01 years, sd = 9.15) with eating disorder (43 restrictive anorexia, 30 binge-eating anorexia and 13 bulimia nervosa) and 37 healthy controls (m = 18.54 years, sd = 4.21) were included in the study. An extensive assessment of executive function domains (verbal fluency, set shifting, attention span, selective attention, working memory, inhibitory control and processing speed) was carried out in both groups. Clinical scales for food intake restriction, binge-eating/purging, depression, anxiety and impulsivity were also administered and correlated with scores on executive function tests. RESULTS Patients with an ED had significantly lower scores than healthy controls in performance of several executive function tests, particularly in set shifting, interference control and processing speed (p < .01, in all three domains). Executive function impairment was related to anxious, depressive and eating disorder symptoms (p < .05), regardless of clinical subtype. CONCLUSIONS Executive function impairment in eating disorders is associated with greater ED symptomatic severity and might involve a negative treatment outcome. Therefore, cognitive remediation techniques should probably be considered in a number of severe patients with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Diaz-Marsa
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Spain
| | - Andres Pemau
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Montserrat Graell
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Hospital Universitario Niño Jesus, Spain
| | | | - Jose Luis Carrasco
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Spain
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Exploratory Longitudinal Analysis of the Circulating CHIT1 Activity in Pediatric Patients with Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10010124. [PMID: 36670674 PMCID: PMC9857224 DOI: 10.3390/children10010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage activation and cytokine release play a pivotal role in inflammation-mediated metabolic disturbances in obesity. The proinflammatory macrophage secretes human chitotriosidase (CHIT1). The expression of the CHIT1 in visceral adipose tissue is associated with cytokine production. Our study aimed to assess whether the CHIT1 circulating activity, as a macrophage activation indicator, reflects the change of the adiposity level and the insulin resistance (IR) in children with obesity. We longitudinally (median follow-up period of 7 months; IQR [5 to 8.5] and {2 to 13} months) evaluated the CHIT1 circulating activity, the adiposity level (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), and body mass index (BMI)-for-age z score), and two surrogate markers of IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, HOMA-IR and the triglycerides-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, TG/HDLc) in 29 pediatric patients (16 girls and 13 boys) with obesity. We found a significant reduction in CHIT1 circulating activity (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.015) and a decrease in TG/HDLc at the follow-up evaluation (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). Indicators of adiposity were positively correlated with HOMA-IR at baseline, among which WC was the sole indicator associated with HOMA-IR (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients, p < 0.05) at follow-up. Human chitotriosidase has the potential to be a valuable measure of the progression of subclinical inflammation in children with obesity. Subclinical inflammation, as expressed by the circulating CHIT1 activity, progresses independently of the abdominal adiposity, as measured by the clinical indicators, and is associated with a change in insulin resistance.
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Capon W, Hickie IB, Varidel M, Prodan A, Crouse JJ, Carpenter JS, Cross SP, Nichles A, Zmicerevska N, Guastella AJ, Scott EM, Scott J, Shah J, Iorfino F. Clinical staging and the differential risks for clinical and functional outcomes in young people presenting for youth mental health care. BMC Med 2022; 20:479. [PMID: 36514113 PMCID: PMC9749194 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical staging proposes that youth-onset mental disorders develop progressively, and that active treatment of earlier stages should prevent progression to more severe disorders. This retrospective cohort study examined the longitudinal relationships between clinical stages and multiple clinical and functional outcomes within the first 12 months of care. METHODS Demographic and clinical information of 2901 young people who accessed mental health care at age 12-25 years was collected at predetermined timepoints (baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months). Initial clinical stage was used to define three fixed groups for analyses (stage 1a: 'non-specific anxious or depressive symptoms', 1b: 'attenuated mood or psychotic syndromes', 2+: 'full-threshold mood or psychotic syndromes'). Logistic regression models, which controlled for age and follow-up time, were used to compare clinical and functional outcomes (role and social function, suicidal ideation, alcohol and substance misuse, physical health comorbidity, circadian disturbances) between staging groups within the initial 12 months of care. RESULTS Of the entire cohort, 2093 young people aged 12-25 years were followed up at least once over the first 12 months of care, with 60.4% female and a baseline mean age of 18.16 years. Longitudinally, young people at stage 2+ were more likely to develop circadian disturbances (odds ratio [OR]=2.58; CI 1.60-4.17), compared with individuals at stage 1b. Additionally, stage 1b individuals were more likely to become disengaged from education/employment (OR=2.11, CI 1.36-3.28), develop suicidal ideations (OR=1.92; CI 1.30-2.84) and circadian disturbances (OR=1.94, CI 1.31-2.86), compared to stage 1a. By contrast, we found no relationship between clinical stage and the emergence of alcohol or substance misuse and physical comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS The differential rates of emergence of poor clinical and functional outcomes between early versus late clinical stages support the clinical staging model's assumptions about illness trajectories for mood and psychotic syndromes. The greater risk of progression to poor outcomes in those who present with more severe syndromes may be used to guide specific intervention packages.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Capon
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Mathew Varidel
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Ante Prodan
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, 2751, Australia.,School of Computer, Data and Mathematical Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, 2751, Australia
| | - Jacob J Crouse
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Joanne S Carpenter
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Shane P Cross
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Alissa Nichles
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | | | - Adam J Guastella
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Scott
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Jan Scott
- Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jai Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Frank Iorfino
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia.
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Mei F, Li JJ, Li J, Dong S, Li Z, Xing D. Global Cluster Analysis and Network Visualization in Musculoskeletal Pain Management: A Scientometric Mapping. Orthop Surg 2022; 15:301-314. [PMID: 36411536 PMCID: PMC9837243 DOI: 10.1111/os.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Musculoskeletal pain is the most prominent clinical manifestation of more than 150 musculoskeletal disease conditions, and its effective long-term management poses a great challenge to healthcare systems globally. For this, it is important to understand current research progress on musculoskeletal pain management. The purpose of the present study is to provide a comprehensive insight into the current state of research and global trends in musculoskeletal pain management. METHODS Publications on musculoskeletal pain management from 1972 to 2021 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCIE) database. Included articles were any article type related to aspects of musculoskeletal pain management, including etiology, mechanisms, epidemiology, treatment, outcomes, side effects, and patient compliance. Publication data were analyzed using bibliometric methods. The software VOSviewer was employed to perform bibliographic coupling, co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis, and to visualize publication tendencies in musculoskeletal pain management. RESULTS A total of 5475 articles were included in this study. The number of global publications on musculoskeletal pain management has escalated annually. Based on the number of publications and citations from the published literature, as well as the H-index, the United States led global contributions in this area. The institutions making the highest contributions were the League of European Research Universities (LERU), the University of Sydney, and Harvard University. The journal BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders published the highest number of articles in this area. The published studies fall under six groups: "Prevention and rehabilitation," "Etiology and diagnosis," "Clinical study," "Epidemiology," "Mental health," and "Education." High-quality primary studies and epidemiology are predicted to be the next prevailing topics in this field of research. CONCLUSIONS Based on current global trends, the number of publications on musculoskeletal pain management will continue to increase. Future studies will likely place more emphasis on high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyao Mei
- Arthritis Clinic and Research CenterPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and ITUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoAustralia
| | - Jiarong Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and ITUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoAustralia
| | - Shengjie Dong
- Department of the Joint and Bone SurgeryYantaishan HospitalYantaiChina
| | - Zhichang Li
- Arthritis Clinic and Research CenterPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Dan Xing
- Arthritis Clinic and Research CenterPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
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Ussai S, Castelpietra G, Mariani I, Casale A, Missoni E, Pistis M, Monasta L, Armocida B. What Is Next for Public Health after COVID-19 in Italy? Adopting a Youth-Centred Care Approach in Mental Health Services. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14937. [PMID: 36429653 PMCID: PMC9690019 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although endeavours to protect mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic were taken at national and regional levels, e.g., mental support in school, a COVID-19 emergency toll-free number for psychological support, these were sporadic conjunctural financing interventions. In this Communication, the authors conducted a systematic search for programmatic and policy documents and reports with a solid literature and policy analysis concerning the main objective, which is to analyse the appropriateness in implementing gender- and age-sensitive, integrated, youth-centred mental health services in Italy. The Italian National Action Plan for Mental Health reports a highly fragmented situation in the Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry services, in terms of an integrated and comprehensive regional network of services for the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neuropsychological disorders in young people. Wide-ranging interventions, systemic actions should be implemented, funded, and included in an overall structural strengthening of the healthcare system, including those dedicated to transition support services. In this context, the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), may represent an opportunity to leverage specific funds for mental health in general, and for youth in particular. Finally, mental health service governance should be harmonized at both national and regional EU levels-with the adoption of best practices implemented by other Member States. This includes, among others, health information system and data collection, which is critical for analysing epidemiological trends and for monitoring and evaluating services, to offer a public and integrated system for the care and protection of young people, in line with the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ussai
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulio Castelpietra
- Central Health Directorate, Inpatient and Outpatient Care Service, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, 34121 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mariani
- WHO Collaborating Centre, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Casale
- Saluteglobale.it Associazione di Promozione Sociale, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Eduardo Missoni
- Saluteglobale.it Associazione di Promozione Sociale, 25121 Brescia, Italy
- CERGAS—Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, Bocconi University, 20100 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pistis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Benedetta Armocida
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Melén E, Koppelman GH, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Andersen ZJ, Bunyavanich S. Allergies to food and airborne allergens in children and adolescents: role of epigenetics in a changing environment. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:810-819. [PMID: 35985346 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases affect millions of children and adolescents worldwide. In this Review, we focus on allergies to food and airborne allergens and provide examples of prevalence trends during a time when climate change is of increasing concern. Profound environmental changes have affected natural systems in terms of biodiversity loss, air pollution, and climate. We discuss the potential links between these changes and allergic diseases in children, and the clinical implications. Several exposures of relevance for allergic disease also correlate with epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation. We propose that epigenetics could be a promising tool by which exposures and hazards related to a changing environment can be captured. Epigenetics might also provide promising biomarkers and help to elucidate the mechanisms related to allergic disease initiation and progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Vetrani C, Piscitelli P, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, Graziadio C, Marino F, Colao A. "Planeterranea": An attempt to broaden the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet worldwide. Front Nutr 2022; 9:973757. [PMID: 36118764 PMCID: PMC9480100 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.973757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) lead to a dramatic burden on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diet is a modifiable risk factor for NCDs, with Mediterranean Diet (MD) being one of the most effective dietary strategies to reduce diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Nevertheless, MD transferability to non-Mediterranean is challenging and requires a shared path between the scientific community and stakeholders. Therefore, the UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development is fostering a research project-"Planeterranea"-aiming to identify a healthy dietary pattern based on food products available in the different areas of the world with the nutritional properties of MD. This review aimed to collect information about eating habits and native crops in 5 macro-areas (North America, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Australia). The information was used to develop specific "nutritional pyramids" based on the foods available in the macro-areas presenting the same nutritional properties and health benefits of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Prisco Piscitelli
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development, ” University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development, ” University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Graziadio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Marino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development, ” University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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Skou ST, Mair FS, Fortin M, Guthrie B, Nunes BP, Miranda JJ, Boyd CM, Pati S, Mtenga S, Smith SM. Multimorbidity. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022; 8:48. [PMID: 35835758 PMCID: PMC7613517 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multimorbidity (two or more coexisting conditions in an individual) is a growing global challenge with substantial effects on individuals, carers and society. Multimorbidity occurs a decade earlier in socioeconomically deprived communities and is associated with premature death, poorer function and quality of life and increased health-care utilization. Mechanisms underlying the development of multimorbidity are complex, interrelated and multilevel, but are related to ageing and underlying biological mechanisms and broader determinants of health such as socioeconomic deprivation. Little is known about prevention of multimorbidity, but focusing on psychosocial and behavioural factors, particularly population level interventions and structural changes, is likely to be beneficial. Most clinical practice guidelines and health-care training and delivery focus on single diseases, leading to care that is sometimes inadequate and potentially harmful. Multimorbidity requires person-centred care, prioritizing what matters most to the individual and the individual's carers, ensuring care that is effectively coordinated and minimally disruptive, and aligns with the patient's values. Interventions are likely to be complex and multifaceted. Although an increasing number of studies have examined multimorbidity interventions, there is still limited evidence to support any approach. Greater investment in multimorbidity research and training along with reconfiguration of health care supporting the management of multimorbidity is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren T Skou
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Frances S Mair
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Martin Fortin
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce Guthrie
- Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bruno P Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cynthia M Boyd
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sally Mtenga
- Department of Health System Impact Evaluation and Policy, Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Susan M Smith
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Russell Building, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, Ireland
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Hauerslev M, Gray NJ. 30-year NCD burden data for EU adolescents merit close attention. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:354-355. [PMID: 35339210 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hauerslev
- Department of Pediatrics, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen Hospital, 3004 Drammen, Norway; NCD Child, Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Nicola J Gray
- NCD Child, Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, England, UK
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Central Nervous System Metabolism in Autism, Epilepsy and Developmental Delays: A Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050371. [PMID: 35629876 PMCID: PMC9148155 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with metabolic pathway imbalances; however, most metabolic measurements are made peripherally, leaving central metabolic disturbances under-investigated. Cerebrospinal fluid obtained intraoperatively from children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 34), developmental delays (DD, n = 20), and those without known DD/ASD (n = 34) was analyzed using large-scale targeted mass spectrometry. Eighteen also had epilepsy (EPI). Metabolites significantly related to ASD, DD and EPI were identified by linear models and entered into metabolite–metabolite network pathway analysis. Common disrupted pathways were analyzed for each group of interest. Central metabolites most involved in metabolic pathways were L-cysteine, adenine, and dodecanoic acid for ASD; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, L-aspartic acid, and glycine for EPI; and adenosine triphosphate, L-glutamine, ornithine, L-arginine, L-lysine, citrulline, and L-homoserine for DD. Amino acid and energy metabolism pathways were most disrupted in all disorders, but the source of the disruption was different for each disorder. Disruption in vitamin and one-carbon metabolism was associated with DD and EPI, lipid pathway disruption was associated with EPI and redox metabolism disruption was related to ASD. Two microbiome metabolites were also detected in the CSF: shikimic and cis-cis-muconic acid. Overall, this study provides increased insight into unique metabolic disruptions in distinct but overlapping neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Borensztajn DM, Hagedoorn NN, Carrol ED, von Both U, Emonts M, van der Flier M, de Groot R, Herberg J, Kohlmaier B, Levin M, Lim E, Maconochie IK, Martinon-Torres F, Nijman RG, Pokorn M, Rivero-Calle I, Tsolia M, van der Velden FJS, Vermont C, Zavadska D, Zenz W, Zachariasse JM, Moll HA. Febrile children with comorbidities at the emergency department - a multicentre observational study. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:3491-3500. [PMID: 35796793 PMCID: PMC9395458 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We aimed to describe characteristics and management of children with comorbidities attending European emergency departments (EDs) with fever. MOFICHE (Management and Outcome of Fever in children in Europe) is a prospective multicentre study (12 European EDs, 8 countries). Febrile children with comorbidities were compared to those without in terms of patient characteristics, markers of disease severity, management, and diagnosis. Comorbidity was defined as a chronic underlying condition that is expected to last > 1 year. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis, displaying adjusted odds ratios (aOR), adjusting for patient characteristics. We included 38,110 patients, of whom 5906 (16%) had comorbidities. Most common comorbidities were pulmonary, neurologic, or prematurity. Patients with comorbidities more often were ill appearing (20 versus 16%, p < 0.001), had an ED-Paediatric Early Warning Score of > 15 (22 versus 12%, p < 0.001), or a C-reactive protein > 60 mg/l (aOR 1.4 (95%CI 1.3-1.6)). They more often required life-saving interventions (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 2.2-3.3), were treated with intravenous antibiotics (aOR 2.3, 95%CI 2.1-2.5), and were admitted to the ward (aOR 2.2, 95%CI 2.1-2.4) or paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) (aOR 5.5, 95% CI 3.8-7.9). They were more often diagnosed with serious bacterial infections (aOR 1.8, 95%CI 1.7-2.0), including sepsis/meningitis (aOR 4.6, 95%CI 3.2-6.7). Children most at risk for sepsis/meningitis were children with malignancy/immunodeficiency (aOR 14.5, 8.5-24.8), while children with psychomotor delay/neurological disease were most at risk for life-saving interventions (aOR 5.3, 4.1-6.9) or PICU admission (aOR 9.7, 6.1-15.5). CONCLUSIONS Our data show how children with comorbidities are a population at risk, as they more often are diagnosed with bacterial infections and more often require PICU admission and life-saving interventions. WHAT IS KNOWN • While children with comorbidity constitute a large part of ED frequent flyers, they are often excluded from studies. WHAT IS NEW • Children with comorbidities in general are more ill upon presentation than children without comorbidities. • Children with comorbidities form a heterogeneous group; specific subgroups have an increased risk for invasive bacterial infections, while others have an increased risk of invasive interventions such as PICU admission, regardless of the cause of the fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine M. Borensztajn
- Department of General Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke N. Hagedoorn
- Department of General Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enitan D. Carrol
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK ,Department of Infectious Diseases, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK ,Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ulrich von Both
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany ,DZIF, German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marieke Emonts
- Great North Children’s Hospital, Paediatric Immunology, Infectious Diseases & Allergy, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre Based at Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michiel van der Flier
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Groot
- Section Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jethro Herberg
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Benno Kohlmaier
- Department of General Paediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Levin
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emma Lim
- Great North Children’s Hospital, Paediatric Immunology, Infectious Diseases & Allergy, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian K. Maconochie
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Federico Martinon-Torres
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruud G. Nijman
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marko Pokorn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Univerzitetni Klinični Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infections and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Tsolia
- Second Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, P. and A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Fabian J. S. van der Velden
- Great North Children’s Hospital, Paediatric Immunology, Infectious Diseases & Allergy, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Clementien Vermont
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dace Zavadska
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Clinical University Hospital, Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, Riga, Latvia
| | - Werner Zenz
- Department of General Paediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joany M. Zachariasse
- Department of General Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henriette A. Moll
- Department of General Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Arumi-Prat I, Cirera E, McKenna J, Puig-Ribera AM. From Secondary School to University: Associations Between Domain-Specific Sedentary Behaviors and Lifestyle Risk Behaviors. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221118843. [PMID: 36113031 PMCID: PMC9483951 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221118843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined associations between changes in domain-specific sedentary behaviors and changes in health-related lifestyles of Spanish secondary school students (n = 113) to their first year of university. During the transitions from the end of high school to the beginning of university, engagement in sedentary behaviors have emerged as potential additional behavioral risk factors. Understanding how sedentary behaviors interconnect with other (un)healthy behaviors will inform interventions on multiple risk behaviors across this critical life period. A 3-year longitudinal survey assessed associations between domain-specific sedentary behaviors and leisure time physical activity (IPAQ), alcohol and tobacco consumption, and fruit and vegetable intake (24-h dietary recall), using Generalized Estimating Equations. Spending time on sedentary transportation was associated with a greater likelihood of smoking, whereas sedentary weekend homework was associated with a reduced likelihood of consuming alcohol. The lowest and highest tertiles for sedentary screen use and leisure-time PA were also less likely not to meet the recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption. For specific sedentary behaviors, associations were gender-based or affected by leisure time physical activity. From secondary school to university, specific sedentary behaviors are linked to lifestyle risk factors. Over this transitional period, public health interventions targeting reduced sedentary behaviors may bring multiple benefits by also preventing other harmful behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Cirera
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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Okyere J, Kissah-Korsah K. Opportunities for Integrating Palliative Care in Ghana. SAGE Open Nurs 2022; 8:23779608221143271. [PMID: 36478781 PMCID: PMC9720793 DOI: 10.1177/23779608221143271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The integration of palliative care (PC) services is characterized by several barriers and challenges, which may include misperception of PC services as end-of-life care, poor referral systems, inadequate financial support, regulatory barriers, and the small size of PC professional workforce. Beyond these barriers, the question remains: what opportunities exist to facilitate the integration of PC in managing patients' conditions? Notably, for a resource-constrained country like Ghana, unearthing existing facilitating factors would enable the country to leverage the opportunities these factors present to promote PC integration. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore opportunities that exist to facilitate PC integration from the perspective of PC service providers. METHODS An exploratory descriptive qualitative research design was used. Using semi-structured interview guides, seven face-to-face interviews were conducted with PC service providers in a tertiary hospital in Ghana. Data were managed using QSR NVivo-12. Inductive thematic analysis was carried out following Haase's modification of Colaizzi's approach to qualitative research analysis. RESULTS From the inductive thematic analysis, it was revealed that four main opportunities exist to facilitate PC integration. These included the availability of a PC team and teamwork, knowledge level of service providers, enabling attitudes of service providers, and the incorporation of PC in the medical school curriculum. CONCLUSION The study concludes that to facilitate the integration of PC in a tertiary health facility, there is a need to leverage on the supportive attitudes of service providers. Also, there is a need to expand the incorporation of PC education in the curriculum of all health and allied health courses. This could help create a pool of primary healthcare providers who can provide generalist PC services promptly. The study also underscores a need for continuous professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health,
University of
Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah
University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kwaku Kissah-Korsah
- Department of Population and Health,
University of
Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Degenhardt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LVR Klinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Rheinische Kliniken, Essen, Germany.
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