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Cheng J, Levy D, McCurley J, Rimm E, Gelsomin E, Thorndike A. Differential effect by chronic disease risk: A secondary analysis of the ChooseWell 365 randomized controlled trial. Prev Med Rep 2024; 42:102736. [PMID: 38699077 PMCID: PMC11063590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Whether employees' health status is associated with the effectiveness of workplace health promotion programs is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine if the effect of a workplace healthy eating intervention differed by baseline chronic disease status. Methods This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial conducted September 2016 to February 2018 among US hospital employees to test the effect of a 12-month behavioral intervention (personalized feedback, peer comparisons, and financial incentives) on diet and weight. Participants were classified as having chronic disease (yes/no) based on self-reported hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, stroke, pre-diabetes, diabetes, cancer or another serious illness. BMI was measured at study visits and calories purchased were measured from cafeteria sales data over 24 months. Mixed models with random effects assessed heterogeneity of treatment effects by chronic disease. Results Participants (N = 548) were mostly female (79.7 %) and white (81.2 %); 224 (40.9 %) had chronic disease. Among those with chronic disease, intervention participants reduced caloric intake by 74.4 [22.3] kcal more than control, with a smaller difference between intervention and control (-1.9 [18.7] kcal) (three-way p-interaction = 0.02). The effect on BMI for those with chronic disease (0.47 [0.21] kg/m2) indicated weight stability among intervention participants and weight gain among controls while the effect (-0.56 [0.18] kg/m2) for those without chronic disease was the opposite (three-way p-interaction < 0.01). Conclusions Those with chronic diseases had greater reductions in calories purchased and gained less weight. Employers with limited resources for health promotion might consider tailoring programs to employees at highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D.E. Levy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - E.B. Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E.D. Gelsomin
- Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A.N. Thorndike
- Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Bullock SL, Winthrop HM, Hales D, Lin FC, Yang Y, Ammerman AS, Viera AJ. Who chooses "healthy" meals? An analysis of lunchtime meal quality in a workplace cafeteria. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:921. [PMID: 38553694 PMCID: PMC10979548 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The workplace can play an important role in shaping the eating behaviors of U.S. adults. Unfortunately, foods obtained in the workplace tend to be low in nutritional quality. Questions remain about the best way to approach the promotion of healthy food purchases among employees and to what extent health promotion activities should be tailored to the demographic characteristics of the employees. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess the nutritional quality of lunchtime meal purchases by employees in cafeterias of a large organization, (2) examine associations between lunchtime meal quality selection and the demographic characteristics of employees, and (3) determine the healthfulness of foods and beverages offered in the cafeterias of this organization. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using secondary data from a food labeling study implemented in three worksite cafeterias. Demographic data was collected via surveys and meal data was collected using a photo capture system for 378 participants. The Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) was used to determine meal quality and a total score for the menu of options available in the cafeterias during the study period. Summary statistics were generated, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the HEI-2015 scores between groups. RESULTS The mean HEI-2015 total score for the menu items offered (n = 1,229) in the cafeteria during the study period was 63.1 (SD = 1.83). The mean HEI-2015 score for individual lunchtime meal observations (n = 378) was 47.1 (SD = 6.8). In general, HEI-2015 total scores were higher for non-smokers, individuals who self-identified as Asian, had higher physical activity levels, scored higher on numeracy and literacy assessments, and reported higher education levels, incomes, and health status. CONCLUSIONS The overall HEI-2015 scores indicate that the menu of options offered in the cafeterias and individual meal selections did not align with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and there were significant associations between average lunchtime meal quality scores and several demographic characteristics. These results suggest that healthy eating promotion activities in workplaces may need to be tailored to the demographic characteristics of the employees, and efforts to improve the food environment in the workplace could improve meal quality for all employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Bullock
- Davidson College, PO Box 5000, 209 Ridge Road, Davidson, NC, 28035, USA.
| | - Hilary M Winthrop
- Duke University School of Medicine, 2200 W Main St, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Derek Hales
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 MLK Jr. Blvd, CB#7426,, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Feng-Chang Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7420,, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yumei Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7420,, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alice S Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7426, 1700 MLK Jr. Blvd, Room 239,, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Anthony J Viera
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, 2200 W Main St, Suite 400, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
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Peñalvo JL. The impact of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages on diabetes: a critical review. Diabetologia 2024; 67:420-429. [PMID: 38177563 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The global burden of type 2 diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate, fuelled by the obesity epidemic, with significant associated health and economic consequences and apparent inequalities. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of added sugars in diets worldwide and have been linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes through a variety of mechanisms, including excess weight. Taxing SSBs has become a promising public health strategy to reduce consumption and mitigate the burden of type 2 diabetes. A substantial body of evidence suggests that SSB taxes lead to increased prices and subsequent reduced consumption, with a potentially greater effect among lower socioeconomic groups. This highlights the potential for tax policies to have an impact on type 2 diabetes and address health inequalities. Evidence from several ongoing SSB tax schemes, including sales and excise taxes, indicates positive effects on improving consumption patterns, and modelling studies point to health gains by averting type 2 diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases. In contrast, evidence from empirical evaluation of the impact of SSB tax is scarce. Continued monitoring and the strengthening of evaluation research to develop context-tailored policies are required. In addition, there is a need to implement complementary efforts to amplify the impact of SSB taxation and effectively address the global burden of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Peñalvo
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Locke S, Osborne J. Determining the Right Levels of Health Coaching and Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback in a Workplace Behavior Change Intervention: Multiphase Optimization Strategy Preparation Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e47181. [PMID: 38354036 PMCID: PMC10902773 DOI: 10.2196/47181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related stress is associated with poor job performance and negative health outcomes. Changing health behaviors through corporate wellness programs can improve physical and mental health and help employees manage stress. This project sought to pilot the potential addition of brief coaching and biofeedback to an 8-week web-based self-help program to improve employee stress using the multiphase optimization strategy. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine which candidate components will be tested in a later optimization phase and at what dose they will be tested, examine the feasibility and acceptability of delivering the different components, investigate whether the outcomes can be feasibly measured, and review evidence to build a conceptual model before the optimization phase. METHODS The study was positioned within the preparation phase of the multiphase optimization strategy. It is a 2×2×2×2 design with 4 components: 2 types of health coaching and 2 types of biofeedback. All components were tested by turning them on or off. A total of 16 adult office workers (mean age 40, SD 14.3 years; n=15 women) completed an 8-week self-paced web-based stress management and health behavior change program and were randomly assigned to 1 of the 16 conditions, created from a combination of the 4 candidate components. Assessments included web analytics, surveys, and interviews regarding program recommendations, likes, and dislikes. RESULTS Findings from the interviews provided suggestions to improve the intervention (eg, separating wellness from stress content) and trial conduct (eg, streamlining the onboarding process). On average, participants logged into the wellness program 83 times (range 36-291), with 75% (12/16) participant retention and 67% (8/12) survey completion. There were no reported problems with coaching or obtaining data from interviews or apps. The interview findings suggested potential mediators to include and assess in a future conceptual model. CONCLUSIONS The results provided areas to improve the intervention content and trial methods. Instead of progressing to the next scheduled large-scale optimization phase, our plan to iterate through a second preparation phase after making changes to the protocol, apps, and corporate coaching partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Locke
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jenna Osborne
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
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Bezzina A, Clarke ED, Ashton L, Watson T, James CL. Workplace Health Promotion Programs Targeting Smoking, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024; 51:113-127. [PMID: 38009189 PMCID: PMC10785566 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231208396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The workplace has been highlighted as a potential setting to deliver health promotion programs to target modifiable health behaviors that contribute to chronic disease. This review evaluated the effectiveness of interventions implemented within the workplace that targeted either smoking, nutrition, alcohol, physical activity, and/or overweight and obesity in men. A review protocol was prospectively registered through PROSPERO (CRD42021293398). Five electronic bibliographic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials conducted in the workplace assessing chronic disease risk factors in men from January 2010 to August 2021. Eleven studies were included, reporting on overweight and obesity n = 8, physical activity n = 7, nutrition n = 4, alcohol n = 3, smoking n = 3, with eight studies assessing multiple outcomes. Results were mixed. Narrative synthesis highlighted studies reporting improvements to snacking frequency, sugar sweetened beverage consumption, and physical activity (METs and Vo2 max). Meta-analysis highlighted pooled mean decrease in body weight of -0.28 kg up to 3 months; -1.38 kg for >3 months, and pooled mean decrease in body mass index 0.06 kg/m2 up to 3 months; -0.27 kg/m2 for >3 months. Despite the encouraging direction of the relationship, results were not statistically significant (p > .05). Findings underscore the potential of workplace health promotion programs targeting certain chronic disease risk factors in men; however, future research should consider long-term study designs to assess the efficacy of workplace health programs as a solution to the growing burden of global disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Bezzina
- Centre for Resources Health and Safety, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Erin D. Clarke
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Program, HMRI, Lot 1 Kookaburra, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Lee Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Trent Watson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
- Ethos Health, Newcastle West, 2302, Australia
| | - Carole L. James
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, 2006, Australia
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Pourfarzi F, Kamran A, Zare M, Mohammadshahi J. The effect of a web-based lifestyle intervention on nutritional status and physical activity on prevention of COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial in women's empowerment. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1172014. [PMID: 38312144 PMCID: PMC10834691 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1172014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy dietary intake and physical activity affect the immune systems. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a web-based lifestyle intervention on nutritional status, physical activity, and prevention of COVID-19. Methods Three hundred-three women (30-60 years old), who did not have COVID-19 in the City of Ardabil, participated in this study. Participants were randomized into an intervention (n = 152) or control group (n = 151). The intervention group received eight online educational sessions focusing on a healthy diet and physical activity via the website. There was no educational session for the control group during the intervention, but they were placed on the waiting list to receive the intervention and given access to the website and educational content after the follow-up. Outcomes were nutritional status, physical activity, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (Ig M) antibody titers against the virus. They were evaluated at the baseline, after 4 and 12 weeks. Results Significant improvements in weight (P < 0.001), BMI (P < 0.001), total energy (P = 0.006), carbohydrate (P = 0.001), protein (P = 0.001), and fat (P < 0.001) were found for the intervention group compared to the control group during the study. MET-min/week for moderate physical activity increased during the time for the intervention and control groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively). MET-min/week for walking activity rose in the post-intervention and follow-up compared to that in the baseline in the groups (P < 0.001 for both groups). Total physical activity was increased during the study (P < 0.001) for both groups. The mean of serum IgG and IgM titers against the virus were increased during the study in both groups in time effect (P < 0.001). There was a significant time x group interaction for carbohydrate and fat intakes (P = 0.005 and P = 0.004, respectively). Conclusion The web-based lifestyle intervention may improve nutritional status and physical activity, and have the potential to reduce the risk of contracting a COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Aziz Kamran
- Health Education and Promotion, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Nutrition, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Jafar Mohammadshahi
- Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Robinson LA, Colin CR, Smith KS, Greene MW, Frugé AD. Diet quality is associated with nutrition knowledge and physical activity in the US military veterans enrolled in university programmes. BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002525. [PMID: 38053275 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Military veterans are at greater risk for chronic medical conditions, many of which are associated with greater body mass index (BMI). Detrimental changes to diet and physical activity (PA) levels after separation from military service contribute to this disparity which may be mitigated by nutrition education (NE) during service. METHODS We conducted a survey in student veterans attending two southeastern US universities to determine current nutrition knowledge and hypothesised that NE received during time of service would be associated with better current diet quality (DQ), PA and BMI. Food group knowledge (FGK), and nutrient knowledge, DQ measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and PA reported in metabolic equivalent minutes per week (MET-min/week) were assessed using previously validated questionnaires. Height and weight were also self-reported to calculate BMI. Differences in these variables between NE groups were assessed using Mann-Whitney U tests. Change in DQ, PA and BMI were assessed with Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Stepwise backward regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors related to HEI and BMI status. RESULTS Sixty-three out of 83 total responses were valid. Respondents were 60% male, 81% white, 43% and 27% served in the Army and Navy, respectively and 30% reported receiving NE while in the military. Veterans who received NE while serving did not have higher FGK, nutrition knowledge, current DQ, MET-min/week or BMI than their counterparts. Overall, respondents reported decreased MET-min/week (p<0.001), increased BMI (p=0.01) and no change in DQ. PA (p=0.014) and FGK (p<0.001) were significant predictors of current DQ, while no variables significantly predicted current BMI. CONCLUSIONS Inverse relationships between BMI and PA were observed after separation from duty. These results warrant the development and implementation of effective lifestyle interventions in veterans to prevent chronic disease and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Robinson
- College of Nursing, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - C R Colin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida Brooks College of Health, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - K S Smith
- Moffit Cancer Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - M W Greene
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - A D Frugé
- College of Nursing, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Rogerson G, Xu Y, Whelan M, Gibson R. Development and assessment of relative validity and reliability of the Workplace Beverage Intake Questionnaire in UK office workers. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:2036-2049. [PMID: 37459173 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no beverage measurement tools evaluated for use in UK working-age adults. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel beverage intake questionnaire. METHODS A 57-item online tool (Workplace Beverage Intake Questionnaire [WBIQ]) was developed through stakeholder consensus. Relative validity was measured against 7-day food records, and reliability was tested across three time points. Evaluation outcomes of interest were total beverage intake and beverage intake during working hours, intake from seven beverage categories (plain water, sugar sweetened, low/zero calorie, tea, coffee, milk based and 100% fruit based) and energy, caffeine and free sugar intake from beverages. Reliability was determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and validity via correlation analyses and visual assessment of Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS The evaluation study population comprised office workers (n = 71, 74.6% women, mean age: 32, standard deviation: 8.5 years). The WBIQ had moderate reliability (ICC: 0.50-0.75) across total fluid intake and all beverage categories except milk-based drinks and 100% fruit-based drinks where it was rated poor. Caffeine, free sugar and energy from beverages had poor-to-moderate reliability. Correlation coefficients were large (r > 0.50, p < 0.001) comparing diet records and WBIQ across all categories of beverage except low-/zero-calorie soft drinks (r = 0.34, p < 0.01). Bland-Altman plots showed a similar trend across all variables, with better agreements at lower intake and the absolute difference increasing proportionally at higher intakes. Over 90% of respondents agreed/strongly agreed that the tool was easy to navigate and understand. CONCLUSIONS The WBIQ is the first stage in the development of a tool for UK-specific beverage intake measurement in working-age adults. Further refinement and testing are required to improve reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Rogerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Wnuk K, Świtalski J, Tatara T, Miazga W, Jopek S, Augustynowicz A, Religioni U, Gujski M. Workplace Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention-an Umbrella Review. Curr Diab Rep 2023; 23:293-304. [PMID: 37728724 PMCID: PMC10520112 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-023-01521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that may lead to severe complications. The main methods of preventing or delaying the onset of T2DM include lifestyle changes. The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of workplace interventions aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes. An umbrella review was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Searches were performed in Medline (via PubMed), Embase (via OVID), and Cochrane Library databases. The quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the AMSTAR2 tool. RECENT FINDINGS The final analysis included 7 studies. The majority (4 of 7) of the studies included in the review focused on workplace interventions based on the guidelines of the US Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) or other similar programs. The method of decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes among employees are programs consisting of multiple approaches aimed at improving parameters associated with diabetes, i.e., body weight, and therefore BMI, reduction, and reducing blood glucose levels, as well as HbA1c levels through educational approach and lifestyle changes. The results of those studies point to multicomponent interventions as more effective than single-component interventions. An effective workplace intervention aimed to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes among employees is a multicomponent program consisting of elements such as educational activities, interventions targeting dietary changes and increased physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wnuk
- School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Health Policy Programs, Department of Health Technology Assessment, Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, 00-032 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Świtalski
- Department of Health Policy Programs, Department of Health Technology Assessment, Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, 00-032 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Health Economics and Medical Law, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tatara
- Department of Health Policy Programs, Department of Health Technology Assessment, Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, 00-032 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Miazga
- School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Health Policy Programs, Department of Health Technology Assessment, Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, 00-032 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Jopek
- Department of Health Economics and Medical Law, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Augustynowicz
- School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Health Economics and Medical Law, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Religioni
- School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gujski
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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Barrett EM, Hart AC, Bhat S, Marklund M, Coyle DH, Heenan M, Pettigrew S, Wu JH. The Effect of Retail Food Environment Interventions on Dietary Behavior in Postsecondary Education Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Nutr 2023; 153:3122-3130. [PMID: 37741633 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postsecondary education institutions, where hundreds of millions of people work and study globally, are a key setting for retail food environment interventions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to synthesize the evidence for the effectiveness of retail food environment interventions in improving the healthiness of dietary behavior of students and staff in postsecondary education settings. METHODS Academic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies published until August 2023. Studies were eligible if they assessed the impact of a retail food environment intervention on healthiness of dietary behavior (purchases or consumption) in students or staff in postsecondary education settings and targeted one of the following food environment elements: placement, price, product, or promotion. Business-related outcomes (total sales, profit, or revenue) were included as secondary outcomes. Findings were synthesized in narrative form, organized by retail food environment element. Where comparable dietary outcome data were available from ≥10 interventions, findings were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Of 10,126 studies initially identified, 55 (76% quasi-experimental) were included, describing 71 separate interventions (n = 49 single-element and n = 22 multi-element). Two-thirds (n = 47, 66%) of interventions (n = 32 single-element and n = 15 multi-element) demonstrated significant improvements in dietary behavior. Single-element interventions targeting placement (n = 1) and price (n = 3) improved dietary behavior. Most (n = 9/10, 90%) interventions targeting product availability or convenience (product element) improved dietary behavior, while n = 19/35 (54%) targeting promotion did. Pooled findings from 12 interventions reporting changes in energy content demonstrated a significant decrease in purchased or consumed energy (-7.9%; 95% confidence interval: -10.3%, -5.6%). Almost all interventions (n = 11/12, 92%) that evaluated the impact on business-related outcomes found either a significant increase or no change following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS We established encouraging evidence supporting the role of retail food environment interventions in postsecondary education settings to support healthy dietary behaviors of students and staff. REGISTRY PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=295836; registration number CRD42022295836).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden M Barrett
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ashleigh C Hart
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Saiuj Bhat
- Royal Perth Hospital, Victoria Square, Perth, Western Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Matti Marklund
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daisy H Coyle
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maddie Heenan
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Hy Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Bezzina A, Ashton L, Watson T, James CL. Healthy Eating in the Australian Coal Mining Industry: Assessing the Efficacy of the 'Out of the Box' Workplace Health Promotion Program. Nutrients 2023; 15:3254. [PMID: 37513672 PMCID: PMC10384585 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are the world's leading cause of death. To curb the global rise in these diseases, using the workplace as a front to disseminate health communication messages and resources has been suggested. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a workplace health promotion program, 'Out of the Box', that targeted nutrition outcomes and nutrition guideline knowledge. A 6-month workplace health promotion program was implemented within a coal mine site. Over the 6 months, there were four wellness focus areas, lasting 1 month each, including fruits, vegetables and portion controlling, label reading, alcohol awareness, and hydration promotion. The study utilized a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design, with measurements via self-reported paper-based surveys. At baseline there were 163 responses, and 106 at follow-up. At the 6-month follow-up, respondents had increased odds of recalling the current fruit (OR 1.29, p = 0.032) and vegetable (OR 1.76, p < 0.001) guidelines. Being male was associated with lower vegetable intake (B: -0.28), although this did not reach statistical significance. A nutrition-focused workplace health promotion program can be an efficacious strategy in improving knowledge of fruit and vegetable guidelines. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Bezzina
- Centre for Resources Health and Safety, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Lee Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Trent Watson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Ethos Health, Newcastle West, NSW 2302, Australia
| | - Carole L James
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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12
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Bezzina B A, Ashton L, Watson T, James CL. Health and wellness in the Australian coal mining industry: An analysis of pre-post findings from the RESHAPE workplace health promotion program. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288244. [PMID: 37418458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 71% of deaths in 2021. The chronic and pervasive nature of these diseases spurs the need for novel treatment approaches, including using the workplace as a front for the promotion and dissemination of health messages and activities. Taking this into consideration, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of a workplace health promotion program that targeted nutrition, physical activity, and obesity outcomes in a New South Wales (NSW) coal mine site. DESIGN A 12-week quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test study. SETTING A coal mine site in rural NSW, Australia. PARTICIPANTS At baseline there were n = 389 participants, with similar numbers at follow-up (n = 420) as well as 61 participants from both timepoints (8.2% repeated measures), with 89% of participants being male. INTERVENTION A multicomponent wellness intervention was implemented incorporating aspects of education, goal setting, and competition. OUTCOMES Physical activity, nutrition, and weight. RESULTS The mean BMI at baseline was 30.01 kg/m2, and at follow-up 29.79 kg/m2 (p = 0.39). At follow-up, participants reported 81% lower odds of engaging in the exercise category 'no moderate physical exercise' (OR = 0.09, p < 0.001), as well as 111% higher odds of meeting physical activity and exercise guidelines (OR = 2.11, p = 0.057). There were no changes to diet outcomes and no association between employment characteristics and participating in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Workplace health promotion programs can be an efficacious strategy in improving physical activity outcomes and marginally improving weight outcomes in those in the mining industry. Further research is needed to determine the true effectiveness of these programs long-term, particularly in an environment as challenging and dynamic as the mining industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Bezzina B
- Centre for Resources Health and Safety, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Lee Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Trent Watson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Ethos Health, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Carole L James
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Hu Z, Wang X, Hong C, Zheng C, Zhang L, Chen Z, Zhou H, Tian Y, Cao X, Cai J, Gu R, Tian Y, Shao L, Wang Z. Workplace-based primary prevention intervention reduces incidence of hypertension: a post hoc analysis of cluster randomized controlled study. BMC Med 2023; 21:214. [PMID: 37316876 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A workplace-based primary prevention intervention be an effective approach to reducing the incidence of hypertension (HTN). However, few studies to date have addressed the effect among the Chinese working population. We assessed the effect of a workplace-based multicomponent prevention interventions program for cardiovascular disease on reducing the occurrence of HTN through encouraging employees to adopt a healthy lifestyle. METHODS In this post hoc analysis of cluster randomized controlled study, 60 workplaces across 20 urban regions in China were randomized to either the intervention group (n = 40) or control group (n = 20). All employees in each workplace were asked to complete a baseline survey after randomization for obtaining sociodemographic information, health status, lifestyle, etc. Employees in the intervention group were given a 2-year workplace-based primary prevention intervention program for improving their cardiovascular health, including (1) cardiovascular health education, (2) a reasonable diet, (3) tobacco cessation, (4) physical environment promotion, (5) physical activity, (6) stress management, and (7) health screening. The primary outcome was the incidence of HTN, and the secondary outcomes were improvements of blood pressure (BP) levels and lifestyle factors from baseline to 24 months. A mix effect model was used to assess the intervention effect at the end of the intervention in the two groups. RESULTS Overall, 24,396 participants (18,170 in the intervention group and 6,226 in the control group) were included (mean [standard deviation] age, 39.3 [9.1] years; 14,727 men [60.4%]). After 24 months of the intervention, the incidence of HTN was 8.0% in the intervention groups and 9.6% in the control groups [relative risk (RR) = 0.66, 95% CI, 0.58 ~ 0.76, P < 0.001]. The intervention effect was significant on systolic BP (SBP) level (β = - 0.7 mm Hg, 95% CI, - 1.06 ~ - 0.35; P < 0.001) and on diastolic BP (DBP) level (β = - 1.0 mm Hg, 95% CI, - 1.31 ~ - 0.76; P < 0.001). Moreover, greater improvements were reported in the rates of regular exercise [odd ratio (OR) = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.28 ~ 1.50; P < 0.001], excessive intake of fatty food (OR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.50 ~ 0.59; P < 0.001), and restrictive use of salt (OR = 1.22, 95% CI, 1.09 ~ 1.36; P = 0.001) in intervention groups. People with a deteriorating lifestyle had higher rates of developing HTN than those with the same or improved lifestyle. Subgroup analysis showed that the intervention effect of BP on employees with educational attainment of high school above (SBP: β = - 1.38/ - 0.76 mm Hg, P < 0.05; DBP: β = - 2.26/ - 0.75 mm Hg, P < 0.001), manual labor workers and administrative worker (SBP: β = - 1.04/ - 1.66 mm Hg, P < 0.05; DBP: β = - 1.85/ - 0.40 mm Hg, P < 0.05), and employees from a workplace with an affiliated hospital (SBP: β = - 2.63 mm Hg, P < 0.001; DBP: β = - 1.93 mm Hg, P < 0.001) were significantly in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS This post hoc analysis found that workplace-based primary prevention interventions program for cardiovascular disease were effective in promoting healthy lifestyle and reducing the incidence of HTN among employees. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry No. ChiCTR-ECS-14004641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hu
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Conglin Hong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Congyi Zheng
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Zuo Chen
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Haoqi Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Tian
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Jiayin Cai
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Runqing Gu
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Lan Shao
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Zengwu Wang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China.
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Lamas-Mendoza MDM, Fernandez-Alonso J, Ballesteros-Peña S, Gravina L. [Factors related to sleep quality in Emergency Medical Technicians and their sleep habits during COVID-19 pandemic.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2023; 97:e202305043. [PMID: 37254874 PMCID: PMC10560533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) show a high prevalence of sleep problems. Adding to these problems, another factor appeared two years ago: the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of this study were to describe the sleep quality and habits in a sample of EMTs in Spain during COVID-19 pandemic considering the factors related to them. METHODS A national cross-sectional study was carried out in Spain between October 2020 and February 2021. EMTs who worked in basic and advanced life support ambulances were invited to participate in an online survey. Several sociodemographic variables were analyzed, as well as sleep quality, stress symptoms, pain, food consumption and physical activity. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between these variables and sleep quality. RESULTS 340 EMTs participated in the study. Of them, 59.4% had poor sleep quality and the habits of 32.2% got worse during the pandemic. The EMTs with a poor sleep quality presented in higher proportion stress symptoms (OR: 4.19; 95% CI: 2.16-8.11; p<0.001), pain (OR: 3.19; 95% CI: 1.7-6.01; p<0.001) and a weekly consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages greater than two glasses (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.86-6.98; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS EMTs show a high prevalence of poor sleep quality, which got worse during the pandemic. The factors related to them are stress, pain and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. This study provides important information so that the emergency services can develop health promotion programs focused on these professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-del-Mar Lamas-Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces Bizkaia.Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
- Osakidetza, Hospital Universitario Cruces.Hospital Universitario CrucesBarakaldoSpain
- Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU).Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Julia Fernandez-Alonso
- Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU).Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Sendoa Ballesteros-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces Bizkaia.Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
- Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU).Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
- Osakidetza, Hospital Santa Marina.Hospital Santa MarinaBilbaoSpain
| | - Leyre Gravina
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces Bizkaia.Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
- Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU).Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
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Spiteri G, Monaco MGL, Carta A, Torroni L, Taus F, Verlato G, Porru S. Reduction of Excessive Dietary Sodium Consumption: Effectiveness of a Prevention Intervention among Health Workers in a Large Italian Hospital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085478. [PMID: 37107760 PMCID: PMC10138373 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive salt consumption is one of the leading causes of high blood pressure. Worldwide salt intake largely exceeds the WHO recommended amount. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of high salt consumers and the effectiveness of a short-term workplace educational intervention among health workers. An online survey, assessing daily salt consumption through the MINISAL-SIIA questionnaire, was sent to the 4911 health workers employed by the University Hospital of Verona, Italy. Health workers who had a high (total score ≥ 10) or moderate (total score = 8/9) salt consumption associated with obesity or arterial hypertension were invited to undergo a medical examination and a short individual counselling session. A total of 1665 health workers (34.0%) completed the online questionnaire; 40.9% and 12.6% had moderate and high salt intake, respectively. High salt intake was more prevalent in men, current and past smokers, and obese and overweight subjects. In 95 participants completing the clinical phase, median daily salt consumption decreased from 10 (p25-p75 8-11) to 7 g (6-8) (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure from 130 (120-140) to 120 (120-130) mmHg and weight from 78 (62-87) to 75 (62-86) kg. More than half of health workers had an excessive salt intake. However, a brief educational intervention in the healthcare working setting can substantially reduce unhealthy dietary habits, fostering weight loss and blood pressure control. Studies with a longer follow-up are needed to evaluate the persistence over time of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Spiteri
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Lourdes Monaco
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-812-3946
| | - Angela Carta
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Lorena Torroni
- Section of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Taus
- Section of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Verlato
- Section of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Porru
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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16
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Kelly R, Hanus A, Payne-Foster P, Calhoun J, Stout R, Sherman BW. Health Benefits of a 16-Week Whole Food, High Fiber, Plant Predominant Diet among U.S. Employees. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:168-176. [PMID: 35852927 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221116066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess improvements in eating behaviors and health measures among adults participating in a whole food plant predominant diet, Full Plate Living (FPL) program. DESIGN Retrospective, post hoc analysis of self-reported 16-week pre-post participant data obtained over a 3 year program period (2017-19). SETTING Wellness offering for employees in Southwest U.S. SUBJECTS Of 6,820 enrollees, 4,477 completed the program, further segmented by generational cohorts. INTERVENTION FPL program materials and weekly online video lessons. MEASURES Baseline and follow-up measures included eating behaviors, self-perceived health status and energy, body weight, and confidence in healthy eating and weight loss. ANALYSIS Paired t-tests were used to examine changes in eating behaviors and health measures. Mixed-effects models were used to examine whether changes among generational cohorts differed. RESULTS Significant pre-post improvements were demonstrated for all measures, including servings of fruits (1.54 to 2.34), vegetables (2.05 to 2.87), beans (.63 to .99), and weight loss (3.5) (P < .001). Self-perceived health and energy values, and confidence in making healthy food choices and losing weight improved (P < .001). Improvements were observed across generational cohorts (P < .001). CONCLUSION The FPL healthy eating approach has a beneficial impact on health measures across generational cohorts, and may be an effective addition to lifestyle medicine and corporate wellness offerings. Longer-term program evaluation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kelly
- Division of Health Promotion and Wellness, Element Health, Inc, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amy Hanus
- 117081Ardmore Institute of Health, Ardmore, OK, USA
| | - Pamela Payne-Foster
- Department of Community Medicine/Population Health, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | | | - Ron Stout
- 117081Ardmore Institute of Health, Ardmore, OK, USA
| | - Bruce W Sherman
- Department of Public Health Education, 14616University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC, USA
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17
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McCormick BJJ, Scalco A, Craig T, Whybrow S, Horgan GW, Macdiarmid JI. Modelling population responses to workplace minimum dietary standards introduced as workers return after social lockdowns. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2390. [PMID: 36539744 PMCID: PMC9763797 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet norms are the shared social behaviours and beliefs about diets. In many societies, including the UK, these norms are typically linked to unhealthy diets and impede efforts to improve food choices. Social interactions that could influence one another's food choices, were highly disrupted during the lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. A return to workplaces and re-establishment of eating networks may present an opportunity to influence dietary norms by introducing minimum dietary standards to in workplaces, which could then spread through wider home and workplace networks. METHODS An agent-based model was constructed to simulate a society reflecting the structure of a city population (1000 households) to explore changes in personal and social diet-related norms. The model tracked individual meal choices as agents interact in home, work or school settings and recorded changes in diet quality (range 1 to 100). Scenarios were run to compare individuals' diet quality with the introduction of minimum dietary standards with degrees of working from home. RESULTS The more people mixed at work the greater the impact of minimum standards on improving diet norms. Socially isolated households remained unaffected by minimum standards, whereas household members exposed directly, in workplaces or schools, or indirectly, influenced by others in the household, had a large and linear increase in diet quality in relation to minimum standards (0.48 [95% CI 0.34, 0.62] per unit increase in minimum standards). Since individuals regressed to the new population mean, a small proportion of diets decreased toward lower population norms. The degree of return to work influenced the rate and magnitude of change cross the population (-2.4 points [-2.40, -2.34] in mean diet quality per 20% of workers isolating). CONCLUSIONS These model results illustrate the qualitative impact social connectivity could have on changing diets through interventions. Norms can be changed more in a more connected population, and social interactions spread norms between contexts and amplified the influence of, for example, workplace minimum standards beyond those directly exposed. However, implementation of minimum standards in a single type of setting would not reach the whole population and in some cases may decrease diet quality. Any non-zero standard could yield improvements beyond the immediate adult workforce and this could spill between social contexts, but would be contingent on population connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. J. McCormick
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Rd. W, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Andrea Scalco
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Rd. W, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Tony Craig
- grid.43641.340000 0001 1014 6626The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH UK
| | - Stephen Whybrow
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Rd. W, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Graham. W. Horgan
- grid.450566.40000 0000 9220 3577Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Ashgrove Rd. W, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Jennie I. Macdiarmid
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Rd. W, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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18
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Meyn S, Blaschke S, Mess F. Food Literacy and Dietary Intake in German Office Workers: A Longitudinal Intervention Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16534. [PMID: 36554414 PMCID: PMC9779084 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Widespread patterns of poor dietary behavior are a key factor causing the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases around the world. Research has provided initial insights into the potential of food literacy (FL) to empower individuals to improve their dietary behavior. However, studies on FL interventions in working adults are scarce. The intervention delivered in this study was a comprehensive 3-week full time education-based workplace health promotion program (WHPP) that provided the participants with in-depth knowledge and skills regarding nutrition and health. We aimed to investigate the short- and long-term effects of the WHPP on FL and dietary intake (DI) and to examine the association between FL and DI in a sample of 144 German office workers (30.0% female). Using two random intercept mixed linear regression models, we found significant strong improvements for both FL (β = 0.52, p < 0.0001) and DI (β = 0.63, p < 0.0001) after the WHPP when compared to baseline. Significant long-term improvements at 18 months were strong for FL (β = 0.55, p < 0.0001) and weak for DI (β = 0.10, p < 0.0001). FL showed a significant moderate effect on DI across all measurement time points (β = 0.24, p < 0.0001). We conclude that well-designed WHPPs can induce long-term improvements in FL and DI, and that FL can be viewed as an asset to further expand food-related knowledge and skills and to enhance dietary behavior. Our study fills a gap of long-term findings regarding the role of FL in WHPPs and supports the idea of implementing FL in the development of comprehensive WHPPs to improve DI.
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Novotny D, Urich SM, Roberts HL. Effectiveness of a Teaching Kitchen Intervention on Dietary Intake, Cooking Self-Efficacy, and Psychosocial Health. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2022.2142337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Morse AK, Askovic M, Sercombe J, Dean K, Fisher A, Marel C, Chatterton ML, Kay-Lambkin F, Barrett E, Sunderland M, Harvey L, Peach N, Teesson M, Mills KL. A systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of workplace-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of problematic substance use. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1051119. [PMID: 36419993 PMCID: PMC9676969 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Employee alcohol and other drug use can negatively impact the workplace, resulting in absenteeism, reduced productivity, high turnover, and worksite safety issues. As the workplace can influence employee substance use through environmental and cultural factors, it also presents a key opportunity to deliver interventions, particularly to employees who may not otherwise seek help. This is a systematic review of workplace-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of problematic substance use. Five databases were searched for efficacy, effectiveness and/or cost-effectiveness studies and reviews published since 2010 that measured use of psychoactive substances (i.e., alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, and stimulants) as a primary or secondary outcome, in employees aged over 18. Thirty-nine articles were identified, 28 describing primary research and 11 reviews, most of which focused solely on alcohol use. Heterogeneity between studies with respect to intervention and evaluation design limited the degree to which findings could be synthesized, however, there is some promising evidence for workplace-based universal health promotion interventions, targeted brief interventions, and universal substance use screening. The few studies that examined implementation in the workplace revealed specific barriers including lack of engagement with e-health interventions, heavy use and reluctance to seek help amongst male employees, and confidentiality concerns. Tailoring interventions to each workplace, and ease of implementation and employee engagement emerged as facilitators. Further high-quality research is needed to examine the effectiveness of workplace substance use testing, Employee Assistance Programs, and strategies targeting the use of substances other than alcohol in the workplace. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=227598, PROSPERO [CRD42021227598].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh K. Morse
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mina Askovic
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jayden Sercombe
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Dean
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alana Fisher
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- eCentre Clinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Marel
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Frances Kay-Lambkin
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Barrett
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Logan Harvey
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Peach
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine L. Mills
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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21
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Sagastume D, Siero I, Mertens E, Cottam J, Colizzi C, Peñalvo JL. The effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes incidence and cardiometabolic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence from low- and middle-income countries. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 53:101650. [PMID: 36119561 PMCID: PMC9475282 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As lifestyle modification offers a unique strategy to prevent diabetes, we evaluated the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS We did a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for randomised controlled trials published in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese between 1 January 2000 and 15 June 2022, evaluating multi-target and multi-component lifestyle interventions in at-risk populations conducted in LMICs. The main outcomes were incidence of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes, and indicators of glycaemic control. We assessed the methodological quality of the studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Inverse-variance random-effects meta-analyses estimated the overall effect sizes. Sources of heterogeneity and study bias were evaluated. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021279174). FINDINGS From 14 330 abstracts, 48 (0·3%) studies with 50 interventions were eligible of which 56% were conducted in lower-middle-income countries, 44% in upper-middle, and none in low-income. 54% of the studies were assessed as moderate risk of bias and 14% as high risk. A median of 246 (IQR 137-511) individuals participated in the interventions with a median duration of 6 (3-12) months. Lifestyle interventions decreased the incidence risk ratio of type 2 diabetes by 25% (0·75 [95% CI 0·61 to 0·91]), and reduced the levels of HbA1c by 0·15% [-0·25 to -0·05], fasting plasma glucose by 3·44 mg/dL [-4·72 to -2·17], and 2-hr glucose tolerance by 4·18 mg/dL [-7·35 to -1·02]. No publication bias was suggested for these outcomes. High levels of heterogeneity (I²≥ 81%) were found in most meta-analyses. Exploration using meta-regressions could not identify any explanatory variable, except for fasting glucose for which the quality score of the articles seems to be an effect modifier decreasing slightly the heterogeneity (72%) in the low risk of bias pooled estimate. The effect on gestational diabetes could not be evaluated due to the scarcity of available studies. INTERPRETATION Comprehensive lifestyle interventions are effective strategies to prevent type 2 diabetes among at-risk populations in LMICs. The heterogeneity identified in our results should be considered when using these interventions to address the onset of type 2 diabetes. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sagastume
- Corresponding author at: Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
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22
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Varady KA, Lin S, Oddo VM. Worksite-based intensive lifestyle therapies for diabetes remission. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100791. [PMID: 36260986 PMCID: PMC9589114 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In a randomized controlled trial, Yoshino et al.1 examined the effects of a worksite-based intensive lifestyle therapy on body weight, glycemic control, and diabetes remission, in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista A. Varady
- University of Illinois Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Shuhao Lin
- University of Illinois Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vanessa M. Oddo
- University of Illinois Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Robbins R, Weaver MD, Quan SF, Sullivan JP, Qadri S, Glasner L, Cohen-Zion M, Czeisler CA, Barger LK. Evaluating the impact of a sleep health education and a personalised smartphone application on sleep, productivity and healthcare utilisation among employees: results of a randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062121. [PMID: 36104122 PMCID: PMC9476153 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated an online Sleep Health and Wellness (SHAW) programme paired with dayzz, a personalised sleep training programme deployed via smartphone application (dayzz app) that promotes healthy sleep and treatment for sleep disorders, among employees at a large healthcare organisation. DESIGN Open-label, randomised, parallel-group controlled trial. SETTING A healthcare employer in the USA. PARTICIPANTS 1355 daytime workers. INTERVENTION Participants were randomised to intervention (n=794) or control (n=561) on consent. Intervention participants received the SHAW educational programme at baseline plus access to the personalised dayzz app for up to 9 months. The control condition received the intervention at month 10. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Our primary outcome measures were sleep-related behavioural changes (eg, consistent sleep schedule); sleep behaviour tracked on an electronic sleep diary and sleep quality. Our secondary outcome measures included employee absenteeism, performance and productivity; stress, mood, alertness and energy; and adverse health and safety outcomes (eg, accidents). RESULTS At follow-up, employees in the intervention condition were more likely to report increased sleep duration on work (7.20 vs 6.99, p=0.01) and on free (8.26 vs 8.04, p=0.03) nights. At follow-up, the prevalence of poor sleep quality was lower in the intervention (n=160 of 321, 50%) compared with control (n=184 of 327, 56%) (p=0.04). The mean total dollars lost per person per month due to reduced workplace performance (presenteeism) was less in the intervention condition (US$1090 vs US$1321, p=0.001). Employees in the intervention reported fewer mental health visits (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.94, p=0.01) and lower healthcare utilisation over the study interval (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.98, p=0.03). We did not observe differences in stress (4.7 (95% CI 4.6 to 4.8) vs 4.7 (95% CI 4.6 to 4.8)), mood (4.5 (95% CI 4.4 to 4.6) vs 4.6 (95% CI 4.5 to 4.7)), alertness (4.9 (95% CI 4.8 to 5.0) vs 5.0 (95% CI 4.9 to 5.1)) or adverse health and safety outcomes (motor vehicle crashes: OR 0.82 (95% CI 0.34 to 1.9); near-miss crashes: OR=0.89 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.5) and injuries: 0.9 (95% CI 0.6 to 1.3)); energy was higher at follow-up in the intervention group (4.3 vs 4.5; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Results from this trial demonstrate that a SHAW programme followed by access to the digital dayzz app can be beneficial to both the employee and employer. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04224285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Robbins
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew D Weaver
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason P Sullivan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Salim Qadri
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Glasner
- Psychiatric Division, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- dayzz Live Well Ltd, Herzliya, Israel
| | | | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura K Barger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Rousis NI, Li Z, Bade R, McLachlan MS, Mueller JF, O'Brien JW, Samanipour S, Tscharke BJ, Thomaidis NS, Thomas KV. Socioeconomic status and public health in Australia: A wastewater-based study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107436. [PMID: 35914338 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of untreated municipal wastewater is recognized as an innovative approach to assess population exposure to or consumption of various substances. Currently, there are no published wastewater-based studies investigating the relationships between catchment social, demographic, and economic characteristics with chemicals using advanced non-targeted techniques. In this study, fifteen wastewater samples covering 27% of the Australian population were collected during a population Census. The samples were analysed with a workflow employing liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and chemometric tools for non-target analysis. Socioeconomic characteristics of catchment areas were generated using Geospatial Information Systems software. Potential correlations were explored between pseudo-mass loads of the identified compounds and socioeconomic and demographic descriptors of the wastewater catchments derived from Census data. Markers of public health (e.g., cardiac arrhythmia, cardiovascular disease, anxiety disorder and type 2 diabetes) were identified in the wastewater samples by the proposed workflow. They were positively correlated with descriptors of disadvantage in education, occupation, marital status and income, and negatively correlated with descriptors of advantage in education and occupation. In addition, markers of polypropylene glycol (PPG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) related compounds were positively correlated with housing and occupation disadvantage. High positive correlations were found between separated and divorced people and specific drugs used to treat cardiac arrhythmia, cardiovascular disease, and depression. Our robust non-targeted methodology in combination with Census data can identify relationships between biomarkers of public health, human behaviour and lifestyle and socio-demographics of whole populations. Furthermore, it can identify specific areas and socioeconomic groups that may need more assistance than others for public health issues. This approach complements important public health information and enables large-scale national coverage with a relatively small number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos I Rousis
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Bade
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Michael S McLachlan
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jake W O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Saer Samanipour
- Faculty of Science, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 904 GD Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin J Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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25
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Mazri FH, Manaf ZA, Shahar S, Mat Ludin AF, Abdul Basir SM. Development and Evaluation of Integrated Chrono-Nutrition Weight Reduction Program among Overweight/Obese with Morning and Evening Chronotypes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084469. [PMID: 35457337 PMCID: PMC9029858 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of an integrated chrono-nutrition weight reduction program and the evaluation of the attendance, retention, satisfaction and compliance towards the chrono-nutrition components among morning and evening chronotypes for overweight/obese non-shift workers. The present study was conducted in two phases: Phase I was composed of needs assessments on the chronotypes’ dietary patterns and chrono-nutrition through a scoping review and integrating the chrono-nutrition components (temporal eating pattern, meal timing and sleeping habits) alongside the existing weight reduction module, SLIMSHAPE™. Phase II consisted of a feasibility study to evaluate the integrated chrono-nutrition weight reduction program (SLIMSHAPE™ Chrono). A total of 91 overweight/obese non-shift workers participated in the 12-week weight reduction program (Age: 39.6 ± 6.3 years; 74.7% women; BMI: 31.2 ± 4.5 kg/m2). Low attrition rate was recorded, with 85 participants (93.4%) completing the pre- and post-intervention assessments. Overall, morning and evening chronotypes had increased their % energy intake in the early eating window (MT: 64.8 vs. 67.2%, ET: 62.7 vs. 65.6%, Mean difference (MD): 2.8, 95%CI: 0.3, 5.1, p = 0.028) and reduced their intake in the late eating window (MT: 35.2 vs. 32.8%, ET: 37.3 vs. 34.4%, MD: −2.8, 95%CI: −5.1, −0.3, p = 0.028) and earlier midpoint of eating (MT: 14:02 vs. 13:49; ET: 14:27 vs. 14:18, 95%CI: −0.4, −0.02, p = 0.029) and had a reduced night eating syndrome score (MT: 10.0 vs. 8.9; ET: 10.7 vs. 8.9, MD: −1.5, 95%CI: −2.5, −0.5, p = 0.004). There was no significant change in the first (MT: 08:12 vs. 08:04, ET: 08:24 vs. 08:22, MD: −0.1, 95%CI: −0.2, 0.03, p = 0.170) and last mealtime (MT: 19:52 vs. 19:33, ET: 20:29 vs. 20:14, MD: −0.3, 95%CI: −0.6, −0.04, p = 0.081), eating duration (MT: 11.7 vs. 11.5 h, ET: 12.1 vs. 11.9 h, MD: −0.2, 95%CI: −0.6, 0.2, p = 0.251) and the elapse time between sleep onset and last meal (MT: 3.1 vs. 3.5 h, ET: 3.5 vs. 3.2 h, MD: 0.1, 95%CI: −0.3, 0.4, p = 0.678). In terms of sleep, evening chronotypes increased their sleep duration (MD: 0.8 h, 95% CI: 0.4, 1.2, p < 0.001) and reduced social jetlag (MD: 19 min, 95% CI: 1.7, 36.3, p = 0.031) post-intervention compared to morning chronotypes. The integrated chrono-nutrition weight reduction program among morning and evening chronotypes improved the temporal pattern of energy intake, meal timing, night eating syndrome and sleep habits post-intervention. The chrono-nutrition practice could be a potentially modifiable behavior as an adjunct strategy in weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Hanani Mazri
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.H.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.A.B.)
| | - Zahara Abdul Manaf
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.H.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.H.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.A.B.)
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Biomedical Science Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Siti Munirah Abdul Basir
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.H.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.A.B.)
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26
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Bezzina A, Ashton L, Watson T, James CL. Workplace wellness programs targeting weight outcomes in men: A scoping review. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13410. [PMID: 35076133 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Workplaces have been identified as a priority setting for the delivery of wellness programs to address risk factors for overweight and obesity. Men in particular may benefit greatly from these types of programs as they are typically harder to engage in health promotion. A scoping review was performed to provide an overview of interventions that have been implemented within the workplace that target weight outcomes in men. A searched of six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, and Business Source Ultimate) was conducted from January 2010 to August 2020. Of the 2191 articles identified, 25 were included. The majority took place in North America or Europe (72%). Over half (n = 17, 68%) utilized both a nutrition and physical activity component. Thirteen of the 19 articles (68%) that reported weight as an outcome showed the program to be efficacious in reducing weight. Overall, only seven articles were solely focused on an all-male population. Workplace wellness programs targeting weight outcomes in men have been conducted to some extent, with majority being successful in reducing weight. However, there is a need for more randomized controlled trials (RCTs), long-term follow-up, and male-only programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Bezzina
- Centre for Resources Health and Safety, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Lee Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Trent Watson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Ethos Health, Newcastle West, Australia
| | - Carole L James
- Centre for Resources Health and Safety, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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27
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Kava CM, Strait M, Brown MC, Hammerback K, Harris JR, Alongi J, Hannon PA. Partnerships to expand worksite wellness programs - A qualitative analysis of state and local health department perspectives. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221092822. [PMID: 35593231 PMCID: PMC9130807 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221092822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are the leading causes of death and disability in the U. S. Because the central mission of state and local health departments (HDs) is to protect, promote, and improve population health, these agencies are well-positioned to address risk behaviors for chronic disease. HD-employer partnerships could enhance worksite wellness programming, but few studies have explored this topic. Building upon previously published findings, the purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the context and environment for HDs' delivery of worksite wellness programs, including interest, barriers, facilitators, and decision-making processes. We conducted 12 interviews with directors of state chronic disease programs, 21 interviews with local directors, and three focus groups with local staff. We performed a thematic analysis of the data. Key themes include the following: (1) worksite wellness programs delivered by HDs were diverse in topic and scope and delivered both internally (at the HD for their agency) and externally (for other employers); (2) decisions made about chronic disease prevention were largely driven by funding priorities, with federal, state, and local entities playing roles in the decision-making process; and (3) HDs expressed potential interest in worksite wellness program delivery, dependent upon staff capacity, available funding, and employer buy-in. Our results suggest that funding should be increased for and reallocated towards chronic disease prevention, including worksite wellness. To overcome HD barriers to program delivery, key funders and stakeholders should prioritize and communicate the importance of worksite wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Kava
- Health Promotion Research Center,
Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michelle Strait
- Health Promotion Research Center,
Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meagan C. Brown
- Health Promotion Research Center,
Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristen Hammerback
- Health Promotion Research Center,
Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Harris
- Health Promotion Research Center,
Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeanne Alongi
- National Association for Chronic
Disease Directors, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Peggy A. Hannon
- Health Promotion Research Center,
Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
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28
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Ungvári Z, Ádány R, Szabó AJ, Dörnyei G, Moizs M, Purebl G, Kalabay L, Varga P, Torzsa P, Kellermayer M, Merkely B. Semmelweis Caring University Model Program Based on the Development of a Center of Preventive Services: Health for All Employees at a University Occupational Setting. Front Public Health 2021; 9:727668. [PMID: 34912767 PMCID: PMC8666717 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.727668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The leadership of the Semmelweis University as a leading institution of higher education in Hungary and the Central Eastern European region within the area of medicine and health sciences has decided to reflect on the unfavorable public health situation in the country as well as the deteriorating health behavior and health status indicators in the Hungarian population by the development of an occupational setting-based personalized public health model program targeting its about 8500 employees. Based on its infrastructure and human resources the core element of the program is the establishment of the Center of Preventive Services (CPS) with units providing health risk assessment for each employee, and whenever necessary consultation with medical specialist in preventive medicine and public health, as well as counseling with dietician, physiotherapist and/or health psychologist. The service providers are the staff members of the relevant faculties in collaboration with partner primary and occupational care physicians. The units of the CPS can also serve as practical training sites for students at various levels of medical and health sciences training, and strongly contribute to the development and improvement of their skills to be able for working as a team in service provision. The employees are not only beneficiaries of health risk assessment and screening repeated on a regular basis and adequate interventions at the right time, but they also serve as a sample for a longitudinal cohort study and further ad hoc surveys for defining and implementing interventions to support health protection, disease prevention and healthy aging among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Ungvári
- International Training Program in Geroscience/Healthy Aging Program, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Health Promotion Sciences, The Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Róza Ádány
- International Training Program in Geroscience/Healthy Aging Program, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila J Szabó
- First Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Dörnyei
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mariann Moizs
- Somogy County Móricz Kaposi Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kalabay
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Varga
- Clinical Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Torzsa
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Kellermayer
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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29
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Cedstrand E, Mølsted Alvesson H, Augustsson H, Bodin T, Bodin E, Nyberg A, Johansson G. Co-Creating an Occupational Health Intervention within the Construction Industry in Sweden: Stakeholder Perceptions of the Process and Output. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412872. [PMID: 34948487 PMCID: PMC8700815 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One way to prevent work-related stress, is to implement primary occupational health interventions aimed at improving the psychosocial work environment. However, such interventions have shown a limited effect, often due to implementation failure and poor contextual fit. Co-creation, where researchers, together with end-users and other relevant stakeholders, develop the intervention is increasingly encouraged. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of co-created interventions, and participants’ experience of the co-creation process. This is one of the first studies evaluating stakeholder perceptions of co-creating an occupational health intervention. We applied a thematic analysis, with data from 12 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders involved in the co-creation. Our results show that the respondents, in general, were satisfied with engaging in the co-creation, and they reported an increased awareness regarding risk factors of stress and how these should be handled. Additionally, the respondents described trust in the intervention activities and a good fit into the context. The study indicates that co-creating occupational health interventions can enhance the implementation and the contextual fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cedstrand
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.B.); (E.B.); (A.N.); (G.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Hanna Augustsson
- Procome Research Group, Medical Management Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Theo Bodin
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.B.); (E.B.); (A.N.); (G.J.)
- Center of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm Region, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Bodin
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.B.); (E.B.); (A.N.); (G.J.)
| | - Anna Nyberg
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.B.); (E.B.); (A.N.); (G.J.)
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gun Johansson
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.B.); (E.B.); (A.N.); (G.J.)
- Center of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm Region, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Melián-Fleitas L, Franco-Pérez Á, Caballero P, Sanz-Lorente M, Wanden-Berghe C, Sanz-Valero J. Influence of Nutrition, Food and Diet-Related Interventions in the Workplace: A Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression. Nutrients 2021; 13:3945. [PMID: 34836200 PMCID: PMC8622081 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the scientific literature on the influence of verified nutrition, food and diet interventions on occupational health. METHOD This study involved a critical analysis of articles retrieved from MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Medicina en Español (MEDES) using the descriptors "Diet, Food, and Nutrition" and "Occupational Health" and applying the filters "Clinical Trial", "Humans" and "Adult: 19+ years"; the search was conducted on 29 May 2021. RESULTS A total of 401 references were retrieved from the bibliographic databases, with an additional 16 identified through a secondary search; among the studies retrieved, 34 clinical trials were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The interventions were grouped into seven categories: (1) dietary interventions associated with exercise or educational programs; (2) individual environmental interventions or other educational actions; (3) educational interventions oriented toward lifestyle, dietetics, physical activity and stress management; (4) economic incentives; (5) multicomponent interventions (combination of mindfulness, e-coaching and the addition of fruits and vegetables); or dietary interventions (facilitating greater food supply in cafeterias); or interventions focused on physical exercise. CONCLUSIONS Given that most people spend a large part of their time in the workplace and, therefore, eat at least one of their daily meals there, well-planned interventions-preferably including several strategies-have been demonstrated, in general, as useful for combating overweight and obesity. From the meta-regression study, it was observed that the interventions give better results in people who presented high Body Mass Index (BMI) values (obesity). In contrast, intervention 2 (interventions related to workplace environment) would not give the expected results (it would increase the BMI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Melián-Fleitas
- Nutrition Department, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Geriatric Service, Insular Hospital, Health Services Management of the Health Area of Lanzarote, 35500 Arrecife, Spain
| | - Álvaro Franco-Pérez
- Playa Blanca Health Center, Health Services Management of the Health Area of Lanzarote, 35580 Playa Blanca, Spain;
| | - Pablo Caballero
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - María Sanz-Lorente
- Department of Public Health & History of Science, University Miguel Hernandez, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
- Center of Public Health, Consellería of Universal Health and Public Health, 46940 Manises, Spain
| | - Carmina Wanden-Berghe
- Health and Biomedical Research Institute of Alicante, University General Hospital, 03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Javier Sanz-Valero
- Department of Public Health & History of Science, University Miguel Hernandez, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
- National School of Occupational Medicine, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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