1
|
Zarezadeh M, Mahmoudinezhad M, Faghfouri AH, Mohammadzadeh Honarvar N, Regestein QR, Papatheodorou SI, Mekary RA, Willett WC. Alcohol consumption in relation to cognitive dysfunction and dementia: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of comparative longitudinal studies. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102419. [PMID: 39038743 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is associated with a wide spectrum of neurological disorders, including cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Likewise, the high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and dementia specifies the urgent need to identify modifiable risk factors. Because findings on alcohol and cognitive dysfunction and dementia have been inconsistent, the present dose-response meta-analysis of cohort and case control studies was conducted to evaluate the available evidence. METHOD AND MATERIALS A systematic search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and PsychInfo databases and Google Scholar up to April, 2023. In the dose-response meta-analysis, a restricted cubic spline regression model was conducted to evaluate a possible non-linear relation between alcohol intake and the outcomes. Random-effects model was used to perform the meta-analysis and evaluate heterogeneity. Egger's test and a funnel plot were used to assess small study effects. Subgroup analyses were carried out to explore possible sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Seventeen eligible studies comprising 80,680 total persons with 4929 cases for dementia and 13,530 total persons with 1579 cases for cognitive dysfunction were included for dose-response analysis. When compared to the reference group of 0 g/day of alcohol intake, the dose-response meta-analysis revealed a significant non-linear (J-shaped) association between alcohol intake and the risk of each of cognitive dysfunction, (lower dose range: 1-30.5 g/day, RR: 0.97; 95 % CI 0.95-0.99; higher dose range: >30.5 g/day, RR: 1.07; 95 % CI 1.01-1.15) and dementia (lower dose range: 1-17.5 g/day, RR: 0.92; 95 % CI 0.88-0.96, higher dose range: >17.5 g/day, RR: 1.23; 95 % CI 1.09-1.35). The lowest risk was achieved at approximately 30 g/day of alcohol for cognitive dysfunction and 15 g/day for dementia. The J-shape association remained with subgroups defined by age (≤65; >65 years) or study duration (<10; ≥10 years) for dementia, and within age >65 and duration <10 years for cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSION We observed a J-shape association between alcohol consumption and both cognitive dysfunction and dementia, with light-to-moderate alcohol intake being associated with a reduced risk in adults. Further studies are needed to clarify more specifically the association between alcohol consumption and six domains of cognitive dysfunction based on diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Zarezadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Nutrition Science, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Niyaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Quentin R Regestein
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital., 1249 Boylston St, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stefania I Papatheodorou
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; School of Pharmacy, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu J, Olsson T, Hillert JA, Alfredsson L, Hedström AK. Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Disability Accumulation in Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200289. [PMID: 39088840 PMCID: PMC11379438 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous studies have indicated that alcohol consumption is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression. We aimed to study the influence of alcohol consumption habits on disease progression and health-related quality of life in MS. METHODS We categorized patients from 2 population-based case-control studies by alcohol consumption habits at diagnosis and followed them up to 15 years after diagnosis through the Swedish MS registry regarding changes in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29 (MSIS-29). We used Cox regression models with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using 24-week confirmed disability worsening, EDSS 3, EDSS 4, and physical and psychological worsening from the patient's perspective as end points. RESULTS Our study comprised 9,051 patients with MS, with a mean age of 37.5 years at baseline/diagnosis. Compared with nondrinking, low and moderate alcohol consumption was associated with reduced risk of EDSS-related unfavorable outcomes (hazard ratios between 0.81 and 0.90) and with reduced risk of physical worsening. The inverse association was confined to relapsing-remitting MS and was more pronounced among women. High alcohol consumption did not significantly affect disease progression. The inverse relationship between low-moderate alcohol consumption and disability progression became stronger when we only included those who had not changed their alcohol consumption during follow-up (hazard ratios between 0.63 and 0.71). There were no differences in measures of disability at baseline between drinkers who continued drinking alcohol after diagnosis and those who later discontinued. Our findings speak against bias due to reverse causation. DISCUSSION Low and moderate alcohol consumption was associated with more favorable outcomes in relapsing-remitting MS, compared with nondrinking, while there was no significant influence of high alcohol consumption on disease outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- From the Institute of Environmental Medicine (J.W., L.A.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O., J.A.H., L.A., A.K.H.), Karolinska Institutet; and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- From the Institute of Environmental Medicine (J.W., L.A.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O., J.A.H., L.A., A.K.H.), Karolinska Institutet; and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan A Hillert
- From the Institute of Environmental Medicine (J.W., L.A.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O., J.A.H., L.A., A.K.H.), Karolinska Institutet; and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- From the Institute of Environmental Medicine (J.W., L.A.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O., J.A.H., L.A., A.K.H.), Karolinska Institutet; and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Karin Hedström
- From the Institute of Environmental Medicine (J.W., L.A.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.O., J.A.H., L.A., A.K.H.), Karolinska Institutet; and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (L.A.), Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang CC, Wang CT, Shih HM, Ho CH, Hsu CC, Lin HJ, Chiu YW, Huang CC. Alcohol abuse may increase the risk of autoimmune connective tissue disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1308245. [PMID: 38883846 PMCID: PMC11178937 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1308245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Altered immune and inflammatory responses resulting from alcohol abuse have been implicated in increasing the risk of autoimmune connective tissue disease (ACTD). However, limited research has been conducted on this topic in the Asian population. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate and address this knowledge gap. Methods Using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified all patients with alcohol abuse between 2000 and 2017. We selected a comparison cohort without alcohol abuse, matching them in terms of age, sex, and index date at a 3:1 ratio. We collected information on common underlying comorbidities for analysis. Both cohorts were followed up until the diagnosis of ACTD or the end of 2018. Results A total of 57,154 patients with alcohol abuse and 171,462 patients without alcohol abuse were included in the study. The age and sex distributions were similar in both cohorts, with men accounting for 89.8% of the total. After adjusting for underlying comorbidities, patients with alcohol abuse had a higher risk of developing ACTD [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.25]. The stratified analysis revealed that this increased risk was specific to the male population. Additionally, besides alcohol abuse, liver disease, renal disease, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were identified as independent predictors for ACTD. Conclusion This study demonstrates that alcohol abuse increases the risk of developing ACTD in the Asian population, particularly among men. Therefore, it is important to implement alcohol cessation, especially in individuals with liver disease, renal disease, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ti Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Mo Shih
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Information Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jung Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wei Chiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xia C, Chander G, Hutton HE, McCaul ME, Delaney JA, Mayer KH, Jacobson JM, Puryear S, Crane HM, Shapiro AE, Cachay ER, Lau B, Napravnik S, Saag M, Lesko CR. Association of Alcohol Use with COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalization Among People Living with HIV in the United States, 2020. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:1795-1807. [PMID: 38421512 PMCID: PMC11238908 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use was associated with elevated COVID-19 risk in the general population. People with HIV (PWH) have high prevalences of alcohol use. To evaluate the effect of alcohol use on COVID-19 risks among PWH, we estimated the risk of COVID-19 diagnosis and COVID-19-related hospitalization among PWH in routine care at 8 HIV primary care centers that contributed data to the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort according to their alcohol use just prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CNICS data repository includes demographic characteristics, clinical diagnoses, and laboratory test results from electronic medical records and other sources. Alcohol use, substance use, and mental health symptoms were self-reported on tablet-based standardized surveys. Alcohol use was categorized according to standard, sex-specific Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption instrument cut-offs. We followed 5,496 PWH (79% male, 48% Black race, median age = 53 years) from March 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Relative to PWH with no baseline alcohol use, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of COVID-19 diagnosis was 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78, 1.51) for lower-risk drinking and 1.19 (95%CI: 0.81, 1.73) for unhealthy drinking. The aHR of COVID-19-related hospitalization was 0.82 (95%CI: 0.33, 1.99) for lower-risk drinking and 1.25 (95%CI: 0.50, 3.09) for unhealthy drinking. Results were not modified by recent cocaine or non-prescribed opioid use, depressive symptoms, or diagnoses of alcohol use disorder. The study suggested a slightly increased, but not statistically significant risk of COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization associated with unhealthy alcohol use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Geetanjali Chander
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Heidi E Hutton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mary E McCaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joseph A Delaney
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University T.C. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Jacobson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sarah Puryear
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Heidi M Crane
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Adrienne E Shapiro
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Edward R Cachay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bryan Lau
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sonia Napravnik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Michael Saag
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Catherine R Lesko
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rosa AAD, Brandão-Bezerra L, Corrêa CL, Amaral G Da-Silva S, Rodrigues LS, Machado-Silva JR, Neves RH. Changes in splenic tissue and immune response profile of Schistosoma mansoni infected mice submitted to chronic ethanol intake. Exp Parasitol 2024; 259:108706. [PMID: 38309327 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In Schistosoma mansoni infection, the spleen is one of the organs affected, causing its enlargement (splenomegaly). Intake of ethanol through alcoholic beverages can cause spleen atrophy and interfere with immune activity. To gain knowledge of this association on the spleen and on the immune response profile, male mice were used as an experimental model. These animals were divided into four groups: C. control; EC. uninfected/ethanol gavage; I. infected; and IE. infected/ethanol gavage. Groups I and IE were infected with about 100 cercariae (BH strain) of S. mansoni and in the fifth week of infection, gavage 200 μL/day/animal of 18 % ethanol was started for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the gavage (9th week of infection) all animals were euthanized. The spleen was removed and longitudinally divided in two parts. After histological processing, the sections were stained with H&E and Gomori's Reticulin for histopathological and stereological analyses, white pulp morphometry and quantification of megakaryocytes. The other fragment was macerated (in laminar flow) and the cell suspension, after adjusting the concentration (2 × 106), was plated to obtain cytokines produced by spleen cells that were measured by flow cytometry (Citometric Bead Array). Histopathological and quantitative analyzes in the spleen of the IE group showed an increase in the number of trabeculae and megakaryocytes, a decrease in reticular fibers, as well as important organizational changes in the white pulp and red pulp. Due to the decrease in the levels of cytokines measured and the result of the calculation of the ratio between the IFN-y and IL-10 cytokines (p = 0.0079) of the infected groups, we suggest that ethanol decreased the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response generated by the infection (group IE, the production of cytokines was significantly decreased (p < 0.01). These changes demonstrate that ethanol ingestion interferes with some parameters of experimental S. mansoni infection, such as changes in splenic tissue and in the pattern of cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Aparecida da Rosa
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Luciana Brandão-Bezerra
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Christiane Leal Corrêa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratories, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil; Medicine School, Estácio de Sá University, Brazil
| | - Silvia Amaral G Da-Silva
- Laboratory of Parasitic Immunopharmacology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Luciana Silva Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Machado-Silva
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Renata Heisler Neves
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nissilä E, Suojaranta R, Hynninen M, Dahlbacka S, Hästbacka J. Hazardous alcohol consumption and perioperative complications in a cardiac surgery patient. A retrospective study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2024; 68:337-344. [PMID: 38014920 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the prevalence and effects of hazardous alcohol consumption on perioperative complications in cardiac surgery patients. Preoperative hazardous alcohol consumption has been associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications in noncardiac patient populations. METHODS We retrospectively collected data from the Finnish Intensive Care Consortium database and electronic patient records on all cardiac surgery patients treated in the intensive care units (ICUs) of Helsinki University Hospital (n = 919) during 2017. Data on preoperative alcohol consumption were routinely collected using the alcohol use disorder identification test consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire. We analyzed perioperative data and outcomes for any associations with hazardous alcohol consumption. Outcome measures were length of stay in the ICU, re-admissions to ICU, bleeding and infectious complications, and incidence of postoperative arrhythmias. RESULTS AUDIT-C scores were available for 758 (82.5%) patients, of whom 107 (14.1%) fulfilled the criteria for hazardous alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C score of 5/12 or higher for women and 6/12 or higher for men). Patients with hazardous alcohol consumption were younger, median age 59 (IQR 52.0-67.0) vs. 69.0 (IQR 63.0-74.0), p < .001, and more often men 93.5% vs. 71.9%, p < .001 than other patients and had an increased risk for ICU re-admissions [adjusted OR (aOR) 4.37 (95% CI, 1.60-11.95)] and severe postoperative infections aOR 3.26 (95% CI, 1.42-7.54). CONCLUSION Cardiac surgery patients with a history of hazardous alcohol consumption are younger than other patients and are predominantly men. Hazardous alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of severe postoperative infections and ICU re-admissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliisa Nissilä
- Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raili Suojaranta
- Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Hynninen
- Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sebastian Dahlbacka
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Hästbacka
- Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Meneghini V, Tebar WR, Santos IS, Janovsky CCPS, de Almeida-Pititto B, Birck MG, Lotufo PA, Goulart AC, Sgarbi JA, Teixeira PDFDS, Silva GTD, Benseñor IM. Potential Determinants of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies and Mortality Risk: Results From the ELSA-Brasil Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e698-e710. [PMID: 37698138 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) may be considered as an indicator of adverse health outcomes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the potential determinants of TPOAb levels and to analyze the association between TPOAb titers and the risk of all- and specific-cause mortality. METHODS Baseline and longitudinal data of 13 187 participants from the ELSA-Brasil Study were analyzed. We investigated the association of TPOAb, detectability, positivity, and persistent positivity with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors using logistic regressions. Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard regression analyses were used to verify the association of TPOAbs with mortality. RESULTS The determinants of TPOAb detectability and positivity were younger age, higher body mass index, female sex, and former and current smoking status. Black, mixed, and other self-reported races, intermediate and higher education, and heavy drinking were determinants of detectable and positive TPOAb levels. Female sex, White race, and former smoking were determinants of persistent TPOAb positivity at 2 visits, although only the female sex maintained its association at 3 visits. Moreover, after multivariate adjustment, there were associations between higher levels of TPOAbs and higher risk of cancer-related mortality among men, and TPOAb detectability and mortality by other causes among women. CONCLUSION Sociodemographic and lifestyle-related factors were determinants of multiple TPOAb categories. TPOAb levels were associated with mortality risk; however, the low mortality rate in this sample might have compromised this finding. We suggest further studies to explore the clinical importance of detectable TPOAb levels, not only its positivity, as a potential marker of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandrize Meneghini
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - William Rodrigues Tebar
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Itamar Souza Santos
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
- Department Internal Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca de Almeida-Pititto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Marina Gabriela Birck
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
- Department Internal Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Carvalho Goulart
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Sgarbi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marilia, Marilia, SP 17519-030, Brazil
| | | | - Gisela Tunes da Silva
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Isabela Martins Benseñor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
- Department Internal Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hamilton OS, Iob E, Ajnakina O, Kirkbride JB, Steptoe A. Immune-neuroendocrine patterning and response to stress. A latent profile analysis in the English longitudinal study of ageing. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:600-608. [PMID: 37967661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress exposure can disturb communication signals between the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems that are intended to maintain homeostasis. This dysregulation can provoke a negative feedback loop between each system that has high pathological risk. Here, we explore patterns of immune-neuroendocrine activity and the role of stress. Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), we first identified the latent structure of immune-neuroendocrine activity (indexed by high sensitivity C-reactive protein [CRP], fibrinogen [Fb], hair cortisol [cortisol], and insulin growth-factor-1 [IGF-1]), within a population-based cohort using latent profile analysis (LPA). Then, we determined whether life stress was associated with membership of different immune-neuroendocrine profiles. We followed 4,934 male and female participants, with a median age of 65 years, over a four-year period (2008-2012). A three-class LPA solution offered the most parsimonious fit to the underlying immune-neuroendocrine structure in the data, with 36 %, 40 %, and 24 % of the population belonging to profiles 1 (low-risk), 2 (moderate-risk), and 3 (high-risk), respectively. After adjustment for genetic predisposition, sociodemographics, lifestyle, and health, higher exposure to stress was associated with a 61 % greater risk of belonging to the high-risk profile (RRR: 1.61; 95 %CI = 1.23-2.12, p = 0.001), but not the moderate-risk profile (RRR = 1.10, 95 %CI = 0.89-1.35, p = 0.401), as compared with the low-risk profile four years later. Our findings extend existing knowledge on psychoneuroimmunological processes, by revealing how inflammation and neuroendocrine activity cluster in a representative sample of older adults, and how stress exposure was associated with immune-neuroendocrine responses over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odessa S Hamilton
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Eleonora Iob
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK; Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Memory Lane, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Olesya Ajnakina
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - James B Kirkbride
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Doorenbos CSE, Jonker J, Hao J, Gore EJ, Kremer D, Knobbe TJ, de Joode AAE, Sanders JSF, Thaunat O, Niesters HGM, Van Leer-Buter CC, Bakker SJL. Smoking, Alcohol Intake and Torque Teno Virus in Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients. Viruses 2023; 15:2387. [PMID: 38140628 PMCID: PMC10748022 DOI: 10.3390/v15122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a non-pathogenic virus that is highly prevalent among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Its circulating load is associated with an immunological status in KTR and is considered a promising tool for guiding immunosuppression. To allow for optimal guidance, it is important to identify other determinants of TTV load. We aimed to investigate the potential association of smoking and alcohol intake with TTV load. For this cross-sectional study, serum TTV load was measured using PCR in stable kidney transplant recipients at ≥1 year after transplantation, and smoking status and alcohol intake were assessed through questionnaires and measurements of urinary cotinine and ethyl glucuronide. A total of 666 KTRs were included (57% male). A total of 549 KTR (82%) had a detectable TTV load (3.1 ± 1.5 log10 copies/mL). In KTR with a detectable TTV load, cyclosporin and tacrolimus use were positively associated with TTV load (St. β = 0.46, p < 0.001 and St. β = 0.66, p < 0.001, respectively), independently of adjustment for potential confounders. Current smoking and alcohol intake of >20 g/day were negatively associated with TTV load (St. β = -0.40, p = 0.004 and St. β = -0.33, p = 0.009, respectively), independently of each other and of adjustment for age, sex, kidney function, time since transplantation and calcineurin inhibitor use. This strong association of smoking and alcohol intake with TTV suggests a need to account for the smoking status and alcohol intake when applying TTV guided immunosuppression in KTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caecilia S. E. Doorenbos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.J.)
| | - Jip Jonker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.J.)
| | - Jiasi Hao
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edmund J. Gore
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Clinical Virology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Kremer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.J.)
| | - Tim J. Knobbe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.J.)
| | - Anoek A. E. de Joode
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.J.)
| | - Jan Stephan F. Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.J.)
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- Department of Transplantation Nephrology and Clinical Immunology Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, INSERM Unit 1111, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Hubert G. M. Niesters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Clinical Virology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coretta C. Van Leer-Buter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Clinical Virology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fazia T, Baldrighi GN, Nova A, Bernardinelli L. A systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies on multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3172-3194. [PMID: 37463755 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful approach for assessing the causal effect of putative risk factors on an outcome, using genetic variants as instrumental variables. The methodology and application developed in the framework of MR have been dramatically improved, taking advantage of the many public genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The availability of summary-level data allowed to perform numerous MR studies especially for complex diseases, pinpointing modifiable exposures causally related to increased or decreased disease risk. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex multifactorial disease whose aetiology involves both genetic and non-genetic risk factors and their interplay. Previous observational studies have revealed associations between candidate modifiable exposures and MS risk; although being prone to confounding, and reverse causation, these studies were unable to draw causal conclusions. MR analysis addresses the limitations of observational studies and allows to establish reliable and accurate causal conclusions. Here, we systematically reviewed the studies evaluating the causal effect, through MR, of genetic and non-genetic exposures on MS risk. Among 107 papers found, only 42 were eligible for final evaluation and qualitative synthesis. We found that, above all, low vitamin D levels and high adult body mass index (BMI) appear to be uncontested risk factors for increased MS risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fazia
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Nova
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Bernardinelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang S, Jin S, Zhang C, Hu S, Li H. Beer-gut microbiome alliance: a discussion of beer-mediated immunomodulation via the gut microbiome. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1186927. [PMID: 37560062 PMCID: PMC10408452 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1186927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a long-established fermented beverage, beer is rich in many essential amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, and bioactive substances that are involved in the regulation of many human physiological functions. The polyphenols in the malt and hops of beer are also important active compounds that interact in both directions with the gut microbiome. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which polyphenols, fiber, and other beneficial components of beer are fermentatively broken down by the intestinal microbiome to initiate the mucosal immune barrier and thus participate in immune regulation. Beer degradation products have anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antioxidant, and glucolipid metabolism-modulating potential. We have categorized and summarized reported data on changes in disease indicators and in vivo gut microbiota abundance following alcoholic and non-alcoholic beer consumption. The positive effects of bioactive substances in beer in cancer prevention, reduction of cardiovascular events, and modulation of metabolic syndrome make it one of the candidates for microecological modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silu Zhang
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuo Jin
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Shumin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Eccles R. Common cold. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1224988. [PMID: 37426629 PMCID: PMC10324571 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1224988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The common cold is a unique human disease, as it is arguably the most common disease and because of the large number of respiratory viruses causing colds it is one of the most complex of human diseases. This review discusses the respiratory viruses and notes that all these viruses may cause the illness complex recognised as the common cold. The common cold is discussed as part of the "iceberg concept" of disease which ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe illness and death. The factors influencing the incidence of colds are discussed: crowding and sociability, stress, smoking and alcohol, immune status, sex, age, sleep, season, chilling, nutrition and exercise. The mechanism of symptoms related to the innate immune response is explained and symptomatic treatments are tabulated. Morbidity associated with common cold is discussed and possible vaccines.
Collapse
|
13
|
Giada A, Giulia G, Paola S, Silvia F. Characterization of prokineticin system in Crohn's disease pathophysiology and pain, and its modulation by alcohol abuse: A preclinical study. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166791. [PMID: 37336367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease-(CD) pathogenesis is still unknown and chronic pain is a frequent symptom in CD-patients. Identifying novel therapeutic targets and predisposing factors is a primary goal. In this regard, prokineticin system-(PKS) appears a promising target. AIMS AND METHODS TNBS-model was used. DAI, abdominal and visceral pain, and muscle strength were monitored. CD-mice were sacrificed at two times (day 7 and 14 after TNBS) in order to identify PKS involvement in CD pathophysiology and pain. PKS characterization was performed in mesenteric lymph nodes-(MLN), colon, myenteric plexus-(MP), dorsal root ganglia-(DRGs) and spinal cord-(SC). Inflammation/neuroinflammation was also assessed in the same tissues. In order to evaluate alcohol abuse as a possible trigger for CD and its effect on PKS activation, naïve mice were administered (oral-gavage) with ethanol for 10 consecutive days. PKS as well as inflammation/neuroinflammation were evaluated in MLN, colon and MP. RESULTS TNBS treated-mice showed a rapid increase in DAI, abdominal/visceral hypersensitivity and a progressive strength loss. In all tissue analysed of CD-mice, a quick and significant increase of mRNA of PKs and PKRs was observed, associated with an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα) and macrophage/glia markers (iba1, CD11b and GFAP) levels. In alcohol abuse model, ethanol induced in colon and MP a significant PKS activation accompanied by inflammation/neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS We can assume that PKS may be involved in CD development and pain. Furthermore, alcohol appears to activate PKS and may be a trigger factor for CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amodeo Giada
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.
| | - Galimberti Giulia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Sacerdote Paola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Franchi Silvia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alfredsson L, Klareskog L, Hedström AK. Disease Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis With Different Alcohol Consumption Habits. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:872-878. [PMID: 36629408 DOI: 10.1002/art.42442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple studies have found a relationship between alcohol consumption and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although reverse causation has been suggested to explain the association. We aimed to study the relationship between alcohol consumption and disease activity, disease progression, and health-related quality of life in patients with RA. METHODS We followed up 1,228 patients with newly diagnosed RA from a population-based case-control study, Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA). Drinkers and non-drinkers were compared to evaluate risk of unfavorable outcomes regarding disease activity and health-related quality of life. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression models. RESULTS Non-drinkers at baseline had higher disease activity and estimated their pain as more severe compared to drinkers. At 1 year of follow-up, non-drinkers reported higher swollen and tender joint counts and experienced more pain and fatigue, lower global health scores, and lower health-related quality of life. The inverse relationship between alcohol consumption and RA-specific outcomes was also observed when comparing drinkers and non-drinkers who had not changed their alcohol consumption habits at or after the year of disease onset. Those who stopped drinking postbaseline experienced higher disease activity, more pain, and lower health-related quality of life at 1 year of follow-up, compared to drinkers, although there was no difference in disease activity at baseline between drinkers who continued versus discontinued drinking. Our findings argue against bias due to reverse causation. CONCLUSION Alcohol consumption was associated with lower disease activity and higher health-related quality of life in RA patients in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Karin Hedström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hermans KEPE, Kazemzadeh F, Loef C, Jansen RLH, Nagtegaal ID, van den Brandt PA, Schouten LJ. Risk factors for cancer of unknown primary: a literature review. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:314. [PMID: 37020279 PMCID: PMC10077635 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) is metastatic cancer with an unidentifiable primary tumour origin during life. It remains difficult to study the occurrence and aetiology of CUP. Hitherto, it is unclear whether risk factors are associated with CUP, yet identifying these factors could reveal whether CUP is a specific entity or a cluster of metastasised cancers from various primary tumour origins. Epidemiological studies on possible CUP risk factors were systematically searched in PubMed and Web of Science on February 1st, 2022. Studies, published before 2022, were included if they were observational human-based, provided relative risk estimates, and investigated possible CUP risk factors. A total of 5 case-control and 14 cohort studies were included. There appears to be an increased risk for smoking in relation to CUP. However, limited suggestive evidence was found to link alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, and family history of cancer as increased risks for CUP. No conclusive associations could be made for anthropometry, food intake (animal or plant-based), immunity disorders, lifestyle (overall), physical activity, or socioeconomic status and CUP risk. No other CUP risk factors have been studied. This review highlights smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus and family history of cancer as CUP risk factors. Yet, there remains insufficient epidemiological evidence to conclude that CUP has its own specific risk factor profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn E P E Hermans
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Fatemeh Kazemzadeh
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Loef
- Department of Research, Comprehensive Cancer Organization the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rob L H Jansen
- Department of Research, Comprehensive Cancer Organization the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Leo J Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang D, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Tang L, Hou J, Li Y. Alcohol induces intrahepatic humoral immunity-related suppression and delays the clearance of HBV infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
|
17
|
Alexander SN, Jeong HS, Szabo-Pardi TA, Burton MD. Sex-specific differences in alcohol-induced pain sensitization. Neuropharmacology 2023; 225:109354. [PMID: 36460082 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Pain sensitization is a phenomenon that occurs to protect tissues from damage and recent studies have shown how a variety of non-noxious stimuli included in our everyday lives can lead to pain sensitization. Consumption of large amounts of alcohol over a long period of time invokes alcohol use disorder (AUD), a complex pathological state that has many manifestations, including alcohol peripheral neuropathy (neuropathic pain). We asked if 'non-pathological' alcohol consumption can cause pain sensitization in the absence of other pathology? Studies have pointed to glia and other immune cells and their role in pain sensitization that results in cell and sex-specific responses. Using a low-dose and short-term ethanol exposure model, we investigated whether this exposure would sensitize mice to a subthreshold dose of an inflammatory mediator that normally does not induce pain. We observed female mice exhibited specific mechanical and higher thermal sensitivity than males. We also observed an increase in CD68+ macrophages in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and Iba1+ microglia in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn of animals that were exposed to ethanol and injected with subthreshold inflammatory prostaglandin E2. Our findings suggest that short-term ethanol exposure stimulates peripheral and central, immune and glial activation, respectively to induce pain sensitization. This work begins to reveal a possible mechanism behind the development of alcoholic peripheral neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shevon N Alexander
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Lab (NIB), Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Science, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Han S Jeong
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Lab (NIB), Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Science, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Thomas A Szabo-Pardi
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Lab (NIB), Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Science, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Michael D Burton
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Lab (NIB), Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Science, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
COVID-19 Vaccination and Alcohol Consumption: Justification of Risks. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020163. [PMID: 36839435 PMCID: PMC9967163 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, pharmaceutical companies and research institutions have been actively working to develop vaccines, and the mass roll-out of vaccinations against COVID-19 began in January 2021. At the same time, during lockdowns, the consumption of alcoholic beverages increased. During the peak of vaccination, consumption remained at high levels around the world, despite the gradual relaxation of quarantine restrictions. Two of the popular queries on search engines were whether it is safe to drink alcohol after vaccination and whether this will affect the effectiveness of vaccines. Over the past two years, many studies have been published suggesting that excessive drinking not only worsens the course of an acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus but can also exacerbate post-COVID-19 syndrome. Despite all sorts of online speculation, there is no specific scientific data on alcohol-induced complications after vaccination in the literature. Most of the published vaccine clinical trials do not include groups of patients with a history of alcohol-use disorders. This review analyzed the well-known and new mechanisms of action of COVID-19 vaccines on the immune system and the effects of alcohol and its metabolites on these mechanisms.
Collapse
|
19
|
Jubishi D, Okamoto K, Hamada K, Ishii T, Hashimoto H, Shinohara T, Yamashita M, Wakimoto Y, Otani A, Hisasue N, Ikeda M, Harada S, Okugawa S, Moriya K, Yanagimoto S. The association between adverse reactions and immune response against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein after vaccination with BNT162b2 among healthcare workers in a single healthcare system: a prospective observational cohort study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2048559. [PMID: 35333697 PMCID: PMC9115791 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2048559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse reactions after vaccination with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are common; however, the association between adverse reactions and humoral responses is uncertain. To determine whether humoral immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccine administration were associated with local and systemic adverse reactions, we conducted a prospective observational cohort study in a single tertiary referral center. Healthcare workers who received the first dose of BNT162b2 vaccine were recruited. SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody titers were measured three weeks after the second dose and information about adverse reactions after vaccination was collected. Among the 887 participants, 641 (72.3%) were women. The median age was 38 (range, 22–74) years. All but one showed anti-spike IgG levels well above the cutoff, with a median level of 13,600 arbitrary units/mL. Overall, 800 (92.2%) participants reported some reactions after the first dose and 822 (96.3%) after the second dose. Significantly more participants reported systemic reactions after the second dose than after the first dose (P < .01), and 625 (73.6%) reported that reactions were stronger after the second dose. Factors positively associated with elevation of anti-spike IgG levels were history of asthma (24% higher if present, P = .01) and stronger reactions after the second dose (19% higher if experienced, P = .02). The majority of participants showed good humoral responses and reported some adverse reactions after vaccination. Anti-spike IgG levels were significantly higher if adverse reactions after the second dose were stronger than those after the first dose. These findings may help inform current and future vaccine recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Jubishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Hamada
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishii
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shinohara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Yamashita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Wakimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amato Otani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hisasue
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahoko Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohei Harada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Okugawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yanagimoto
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
French JA, Gow P, Simpson-Yap S, Collins K, Ng J, Angus PW, van der Mei IAF. Alcohol intake is associated with a decreased risk of developing primary biliary cholangitis. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1747-1756. [PMID: 36185715 PMCID: PMC9521450 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i9.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic progressive liver disease of unknown aetiology characterised by immune-mediated destruction of small and medium-sized intrahepatic bile ducts. There are few well-established risk factors and epidemiological studies are needed to further evaluate the pathogenesis of the disease.
AIM To evaluate the relationship between alcohol intake, smoking and marijuana use with PBC development.
METHODS We conducted a prevalent case control study of 200 cases and 200 age (within a five year age band) and sex-matched controls, identified from the Victorian PBC prevalence study. We assessed lifetime alcohol intake and smoking behaviour (both tobacco and marijuana) prior to PBC onset and used conditional logistic regression for analyses.
RESULTS Alcohol intake consistently showed a dose-dependent inverse association with case status, and this was most substantial for 21-30 years and 31-40 years (Ptrend < 0.001). Smoking was associated with PBC, with a stronger association with a longer duration of smoking [e.g., adjusted OR 2.27 (95%CI: 1.12- 4.62) for those who had smoked for 20-35 years]. There was no association between marijuana use and PBC.
CONCLUSION Alcohol appears to have an inverse relationship with PBC. Smoking has been confirmed as an environmental risk factor for PBC. There was no association between marijuana use and PBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Gow
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
| | - Steven Simpson-Yap
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton 3053, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia
| | - Kate Collins
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
| | - Justin Ng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
| | - Peter W Angus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao Q, Xiang H, Cai Y, Meng SS, Zhang Y, Qiu P. Systematic evaluation of the associations between mental disorders and dementia: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:301-309. [PMID: 35283178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence support the correlation between mental disorders and the likelihood of developing dementia. We aim to conduct an umbrella review to assess the risk of dementia in patients with eight mental disorders. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of science, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases from inception to October 29, 2021. For each included meta-analysis, the effect size with a 95% confidence interval was estimated using either a random effect model or a fixed effect model, and between-study heterogeneity was expressed by I2 and Cochran's Q test. The ROBIS tool was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS A total of ten systematic reviews were included. Among these studies, we identified seven risk factors, including anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, depression, late-life depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and sleep disorder. Light to moderate alcohol drinking was identified as a protective factor. The evaluation results of the ROBIS tool showed that nine systematic reviews had high risk of bias and one had low risk of bias. The strength of evidence supporting the associations between late-life depression and all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia was high; the strength of evidence supporting the association between depression and all-cause dementia was moderate. LIMITATIONS Most associations had low strength of evidence and high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS This umbrella review shows that high and moderate evidence supports the associations between some mental disorders and dementia. More cohort studies are needed to support the associations between mental disorders and dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Cai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Steven Siyao Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yunyang Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyuan Qiu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gao K, Chen X, Zhang L, Yao Y, Chen W, Zhang H, Han Y, Xue T, Wang J, Lu L, Zheng M, Qiu X, Zhu T. Associations between differences in anemia-related blood cell parameters and short-term exposure to ambient particle pollutants in middle-aged and elderly residents in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151520. [PMID: 34762950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anemia is a highly prevalent disease among older populations, with multiple adverse health outcomes, and particles exposure is a potential risk factor for anemia. However, evidence on associations of exposure to particles with small size with anemia-related blood cell parameters levels in the elderly is limited, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Based on a panel study in Beijing, we found that in 135 elderly participants, mass concentrations of particle with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), black/elemental carbon (BC/EC, particle size range: 0-2.5 μm), and number concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs, particle size range: 5.6-93.1 nm) and accumulated mode particles (Acc, size range: 93.1-560 nm) were significantly associated with levels of red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The mean ± SD for PM2.5, UFPs, Acc, BC, OC, and EC were 69.7 ± 61.1 μg/m3, 12.5 ± 4.3 × 103/cm3, 1.6 ± 1.2 × 103/cm3, 3.0 ± 2.0 μg/m3, 8.7 ± 6.7 μg/m3, and 2.1 ± 1.6 μg/m3, respectively. Cotinine (higher than 50 ng/mL) is used as an indicator of smoking exposure. The association between MCHC difference and per interquartile range (IQR) increase in average UFPs concentration 14 d before clinical visits was -0.7% (95% CI: -1.1% to -0.3%). Significant associations of UFPs and Acc exposure with MCHC and MCH levels remain robust after adjustment for other pollutants. Furthermore, 25.2% (95% CI: 7.4% to 64.8%) and 29.8% (95% CI: 5.3% to 214.4%) of the difference in MCHC associated with average UFPs and Acc concentrations 14 d before clinical visits were mediated by the level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), a biomarker of systemic inflammation. Our findings for the first time provide the evidence that short-term UFPs and Acc exposure contributed to the damage of anemia-related blood cell in the elderly, and systemic inflammation was a potential internal mediator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; GRiC, Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shichahai community health service center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Chen
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxiyue Zhang
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Han
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tao Xue
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): A Cytoarchitectural Common Neurobiological Trait of All Addictions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111529. [PMID: 34770047 PMCID: PMC8582845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol and other substance use disorders share comorbidity with other RDS disorders, i.e., a reduction in dopamine signaling within the reward pathway. RDS is a term that connects addictive, obsessive, compulsive, and impulsive behavioral disorders. An estimated 2 million individuals in the United States have opioid use disorder related to prescription opioids. It is estimated that the overall cost of the illegal and legally prescribed opioid crisis exceeds one trillion dollars. Opioid Replacement Therapy is the most common treatment for addictions and other RDS disorders. Even after repeated relapses, patients are repeatedly prescribed the same opioid replacement treatments. A recent JAMA report indicates that non-opioid treatments fare better than chronic opioid treatments. Research demonstrates that over 50 percent of all suicides are related to alcohol or other drug use. In addition to effective fellowship programs and spirituality acceptance, nutrigenomic therapies (e.g., KB220Z) optimize gene expression, rebalance neurotransmitters, and restore neurotransmitter functional connectivity. KB220Z was shown to increase functional connectivity across specific brain regions involved in dopaminergic function. KB220/Z significantly reduces RDS behavioral disorders and relapse in human DUI offenders. Taking a Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) test combined with a the KB220Z semi-customized nutrigenomic supplement effectively restores dopamine homeostasis (WC 199).
Collapse
|
24
|
Hedström AK, Olsson T, Alfredsson L. The increased risk of multiple sclerosis associated with HLA-DRB1*15:01 and smoking is modified by alcohol consumption. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21237. [PMID: 34707149 PMCID: PMC8551162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have observed an inverse association between alcohol consumption and multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. We aimed to investigate possible interactions between alcohol consumption, MS-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes and smoking regarding MS risk. We used a Swedish population-based case-control study (2059 incident cases, 2887 controls) matched by age, sex, and residential area. Subjects with different genotypes and alcohol consumption habits were compared regarding MS risk, by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression models. Interaction on the additive scale between non-drinking and both genotype and smoking were assessed by calculating the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). There was a dose-dependent inverse association between alcohol consumption and MS risk (p for trend < 0.0001). A potentiating effect was observed between non-drinking and presence of DRB1*15:01 (AP 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.5) which was of similar magnitude irrespective of smoking habits. Non-drinking also interacted with smoking to increase MS risk (AP 0.2, 95% CI 0.06-0.4). Non-drinking interacts with DRB1*15:01 and smoking to increase the risk of MS. Better understanding of the mechanisms behind our findings may help to define ways to achieve protection against MS by other means than alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karin Hedström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, K8, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hedenstierna L, Bellocco R, Ye W, Adami HO, Åkerstedt T, Trolle Lagerros Y, Hedström AK. Effects of alcohol consumption and smoking on risk for RA: results from a Swedish prospective cohort study. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2020-001379. [PMID: 33414179 PMCID: PMC7797247 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Several, but not all studies, have shown a dose-dependent inverse association with alcohol consumption and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), whereas smoking is an established risk factor for RA. We aimed to study the association between alcohol consumption and RA incidence and investigate a potential interaction between alcohol and smoking habits, regarding RA incidence. Methods We used a prospective cohort study, based on 41 068 participants with detailed assessment of alcohol intake, smoking and potential confounders at baseline in 1997. We ascertained a total of 577 incident cases of RA during a mean of 17.7 years of follow-up through linkage to nationwide and essentially complete databases. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HR with 95% CI. Interaction on the additive scale between alcohol and smoking was estimated by calculating the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). Results Overall, alcohol consumption was associated with a 30% reduced incidence of RA (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.86) with a dose–response relationship (p value for trend <0.001) which remained significant after stratification by age and smoking habits. The positive association between smoking and RA incidence was reduced with increasing alcohol consumption (p value for trend <0.001). A synergistic effect was observed between alcohol and smoking (AP 0.40, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.64), indicating that 40% of the cases among the double exposed are due to the interaction per se. Conclusions Our findings suggest an inverse association between alcohol consumption and RA incidence, and a synergistic effect between alcohol and smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Hedenstierna
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden .,Center of Rheumatology, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rino Bellocco
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Effectiveness Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjörn Åkerstedt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stress Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Trolle Lagerros
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Obesity, Academic Specialst Center, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Karin Hedström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Coccini T, Ottonello M, Spigno P, Malovini A, Fiabane E, Roda E, Signorini C, Pistarini C. Biomarkers for alcohol abuse/withdrawal and their association with clinical scales and temptation to drink. A prospective pilot study during 4-week residential rehabilitation. Alcohol 2021; 94:43-56. [PMID: 33887366 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A bulk of evidence in the field of translational medicine applied to clinical toxicology and rehabilitation has highlighted the possibility of using biomarkers as a support in the diagnosis of alcohol-related diseases and in monitoring of alcohol withdrawal. In a cohort of 55 subjects admitted to a 4-week residential rehabilitation period for alcohol detoxification, we applied a complementary approach correlating novel and conventional peripheral blood and urine parameters in combination with clinical and functional evaluation, contextually considered with the patient's history. Biomarkers of oxidative, inflammatory, hepatic, and neurochemical effects paralleled by alcohol craving and clinical scale measurements were determined at two specific time points, i.e., admission and discharge. Concerning the post-discharge assessment (i.e., relapse evaluation one month after discharge), a follow-up oral interview during a clinical examination was applied to evaluate alcohol abstinence.Selected biomarkers, i.e., MCP1, F2-IsoPs, and SOD1, were altered in chronic alcoholics at admission, and then showed a clearly changing trend during hospitalization. Our findings demonstrated that these specific non-traditional biomarkers, measured together with more conventional ones (e.g., CDT, EtG, IL8, ALT, AST, GGT), could represent novel key parameters for monitoring alcohol use disorders and withdrawal, being also suggestive of the complexity of the psychoneuroimmune response to alcohol. A general improvement in psychological functioning (i.e., decreases in anxiety, depression, and psychological distress) was also revealed during the 4-week rehabilitation treatment, paralleled by an increase of well-being and positive changes in terms of scores. Moreover, a positive association between SOD1 and drink craving at admission was evidenced. Notably, both SOD1 and well-being displayed a significant relation with lower risk of alcohol relapse one month after discharge, indicating that SOD1 is a good predictor of reduced relapse probability. This 4-week residential rehabilitation protocol represents a sound strategy enabling identification of alcohol use disorders and monitoring of alcohol addiction state and withdrawal. However, it has to be emphasized that results derived from this pilot study need to be extensively validated in large and independent cohorts of subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marcella Ottonello
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, ICS Maugeri Spa - SB, Institute of G Nervi, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Spigno
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, ICS Maugeri Spa - SB, Institute of G Nervi, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Malovini
- Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Fiabane
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, ICS Maugeri Spa - SB, Institute of G Nervi, Genoa, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Pistarini
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, ICS Maugeri Spa - SB, Institute of G Nervi, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Possible mechanisms of HIV neuro-infection in alcohol use: Interplay of oxidative stress, inflammation, and energy interruption. Alcohol 2021; 94:25-41. [PMID: 33864851 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use and HIV-1 infection have a pervasive impact on brain function, which extends to the requirement, distribution, and utilization of energy within the central nervous system. This effect on neuroenergetics may explain, in part, the exacerbation of HIV-1 disease under the influence of alcohol, particularly the persistence of HIV-associated neurological complications. The objective of this review article is to highlight the possible mechanisms of HIV/AIDS progression in alcohol users from the perspective of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and interruption of energy metabolism. These include the hallmark of sustained immune cell activation and high metabolic energy demand by HIV-1-infected cells in the central nervous system, with at-risk alcohol use. Here, we discussed the point that the increase in energy supply requirement by HIV-1-infected neuroimmune cells as well as the deterrence of nutrient uptake across the blood-brain barrier significantly depletes the energy source and neuro-environment homeostasis in the CNS. We also described the mechanistic idea that comorbidity of HIV-1 infection and alcohol use can cause a metabolic shift and redistribution of energy usage toward HIV-1-infected neuroimmune cells, as shown in neuropathological evidence. Under such an imbalanced neuro-environment, meaningless energy waste is expected in infected cells, along with unnecessary malnutrition in non-infected neuronal cells, which is likely to accelerate HIV neuro-infection progression in alcohol use. Thus, it will be important to consider the factor of nutrients/energy imbalance in formulating treatment strategies to help impede the progression of HIV-1 disease and associated neurological disorders in alcohol use.
Collapse
|
28
|
Jiang X, Zhu Z, Manouchehrinia A, Olsson T, Alfredsson L, Kockum I. Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Common Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases-Evidence From a Large-Scale Genetic Analysis Totaling 1 Million Individuals. Front Genet 2021; 12:687745. [PMID: 34239545 PMCID: PMC8258244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.687745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Observational studies have suggested a protective effect of alcohol intake with autoimmune disorders, which was not supported by Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses that used only a few (<20) instrumental variables. Methods: We systemically interrogated a putative causal relationship between alcohol consumption and four common autoimmune disorders, using summary-level data from the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We quantified the genetic correlation to examine a shared genetic similarity. We constructed a strong instrument using 99 genetic variants associated with drinks per week and applied several two-sample MR methods. We additionally incorporated excessive drinking as reflected by alcohol use disorder identification test score. Results: We observed a negatively shared genetic basis between alcohol intake and autoimmune disorders, although none was significant (rg = −0.07 to −0.02). For most disorders, genetically predicted alcohol consumption was associated with a slightly (10–25%) decreased risk of onset, yet these associations were not significant. Meta-analyzing across RA, MS, and IBD, the three Th1-related disorders yielded to a marginally significantly reduced effect [OR = 0.70 (0.51–0.95), P = 0.02]. Excessive drinking did not appear to reduce the risk of autoimmune disorders. Conclusions: With its greatly augmented sample size and substantially improved statistical power, our MR study does not convincingly support a beneficial role of alcohol consumption in each individual autoimmune disorder. Future studies may be designed to replicate our findings and to understand a causal effect on disease prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhaozhong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ali Manouchehrinia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Albrecht K, Zink A. [If smoking, then also drinking? : New aspects on the influence of alcohol and smoking on the risk for rheumatoid arthritis]. Z Rheumatol 2021; 80:563-564. [PMID: 33880617 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-021-01004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katinka Albrecht
- Programmbereich Epidemiologie und Versorgungsforschung, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Angela Zink
- Programmbereich Epidemiologie und Versorgungsforschung, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Patchett D, Yang J, Northern J, Salinas M, Bauer BA. Viral Respiratory Infections: An Ounce of Prevention Is Worth a Pound of Cure. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2021; 5:480-485. [PMID: 33585798 PMCID: PMC7864792 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The sudden outbreak and global spread of COVID-19 demanded a tremendous amount of attention for viral respiratory infections (VRIs) in modern times. Evidence accumulated over the past few decades increasingly suggests the importance of recognizing the background and context of lifestyle factors in the prevention of VRIs recurrence. The focus of attention has specifically been on how to optimize respiratory barrier function and immune function during the period of the pandemic outbreak. This viewpoint discusses the impact of a healthy lifestyle on VRIs and demonstrates a practical approach to preventing the occurrence of VRIs based on contemporary evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Patchett
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.,Department of Integrative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Juan Yang
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jane Northern
- Department of Women's Health Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Manisha Salinas
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Brent A Bauer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Caslin B, Mohler K, Thiagarajan S, Melamed E. Alcohol as friend or foe in autoimmune diseases: a role for gut microbiome? Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1916278. [PMID: 34224314 PMCID: PMC8259720 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1916278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is well known for promoting systemic inflammation and aggravating multiple chronic health conditions. Thus, alcohol may also be expected to serve as a risk factor in autoimmune diseases. However, emerging data from human and animal studies suggest that alcohol may in fact be protective in autoimmune diseases. These studies point toward alcohol's complex dose-dependent relationship in autoimmune diseases as well as potential modulation by duration and type of alcohol consumption, cultural background and sex. In this review, we will explore alcohol's pro- and anti-inflammatory properties in human and animal autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune diabetes, thyroid disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. We will also discuss potential mechanisms of alcohol's anti-inflammatory effects mediated by the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blaine Caslin
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Kailey Mohler
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Shreya Thiagarajan
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cohen S. Psychosocial Vulnerabilities to Upper Respiratory Infectious Illness: Implications for Susceptibility to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 16:161-174. [PMID: 32640177 PMCID: PMC7345443 DOI: 10.1177/1745691620942516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For 35 years, our laboratory has been involved in identifying psychosocial factors that predict who becomes ill when they are exposed to a virus affecting the upper respiratory tract. To pursue this question, we used a unique viral-challenge design in which we assessed behavioral, social, and psychological factors in healthy adults. We subsequently exposed these adults to a cold or influenza virus and then monitored them in quarantine for 5 to 6 days for onset of respiratory illness. Factors we found to be associated with greater risk of respiratory illnesses after virus exposure included smoking, ingesting an inadequate level of vitamin C, and chronic psychological stress. Those associated with decreased risk included social integration, social support, physical activity, adequate and efficient sleep, and moderate alcohol intake. We cautiously suggest that our findings could have implications for identifying who becomes ill when exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This argument is based on evidence that the associations we report are replicable across multiple respiratory viruses and that the pathways found to link psychosocial factors to colds and influenza may play similar roles in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lange KW, Nakamura Y. Lifestyle factors in the prevention of COVID-19. GLOBAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2020; 4:146-152. [PMID: 33520339 PMCID: PMC7834031 DOI: 10.1016/j.glohj.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Confinement to the home and psychological distress due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may lead to harmful health behaviors, such as overeating, sedentary behavior with reduced physical activity, elevated alcohol and tobacco use and increased screen time causing impaired sleep. All of these behaviors are associated with non-communicable diseases and can interfere with immunity. While no foods, single nutrients or dietary supplements are capable of preventing infection with COVID-19, a balanced diet containing sufficient amounts of macronutrients and diverse micronutrients is a prerequisite of an optimally functioning immune system. High-energy "Western" diets and obesity are major risk factors for a more severe course of COVID-19. Alcohol use and tobacco also have detrimental effects on the immune system. Therefore, population-wide body weight control, reduction of smoking rates and limitation of alcohol consumption are important preventive measures. Furthermore, sufficient restorative sleep is needed for adequate immune functioning. Appropriate lifestyle changes in regard to nutrition, exercise, sleep, smoking and alcohol intake may help shift the population distribution of infection risk and aid in preventing severe COVID-19 disease. Large-scale surveys should explore the effects of lifestyle changes, and the provision of reliable lifestyle information and effective interventions to individuals and communities during the pandemic is a pressing need.
Collapse
|
34
|
Exploring the multifocal role of phytochemicals as immunomodulators. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110959. [PMID: 33197758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-functioning immune system of the host body plays pivotal role in the maintenance of ordinary physiological and immunological functions as well as internal environment. Balanced immunity enhances defense mechanism against infection, diseases and unwanted pathogens to avoid hypersensitivity reactions and immune related diseases. The ideal immune responses are the results of corrective interaction between the innate immune cells and acquired components of the immune system. Recently, the interest towards the immune system increased as significant target of toxicity due to exposure of chemicals, drugs and environmental pollutants. Numerous factors are involved in altering the immune responses of the host such as sex, age, stress, malnutrition, alcohol, genetic variability, life styles, environmental-pollutants and chemotherapy exposure. Immunomodulation is any modification of immune responses, often involved induction, amplification, attenuation or inhibition of immune responses. Several synthetic or traditional medicines are available in the market which promptly have many serious adverse effects and create pathogenic resistance. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring molecules, which significantly play an imperative role in modulating favorable immune responses. The present review emphasizes on the risk factors associated with alterations in immune responses, and immunomodulatory activity of phytochemicals specifically, glycosides, alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and sterols and sterolins.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zvolensky MJ, Garey L, Rogers AH, Schmidt NB, Vujanovic AA, Storch EA, Buckner JD, Paulus DJ, Alfano C, Smits JAJ, O'Cleirigh C. Psychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. Behav Res Ther 2020; 134:103715. [PMID: 32891956 PMCID: PMC7451060 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew H Rogers
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Anka A Vujanovic
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric A Storch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julia D Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Candice Alfano
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Conall O'Cleirigh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Aziz PY, Hadi JM, Sha AM, Aziz SB, Rahman HS, Ahmed HA, Abdulla MA, Amine Ali SM. The strategy for controlling COVID-19 in Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)/Iraq: Identification, epidemiology, transmission, treatment, and recovery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY OPEN 2020; 25:41-46. [PMID: 34568609 PMCID: PMC7834690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijso.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study has carried out a mini-review on first wave of COVID-19 infection and its control by the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)/Iraq. COVID-19 infection, which was named by the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) as SARS-CoV-2, is a newly identified coronavirus. The last century has seen the outbreak of numerous life-threatening human pathogens including Nipah, Ebola, Zika, Chikungunya, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and more recently a novel coronavirus has been observed. COVID-19 infection has so far spread to more than 186 countries around the world and KRG/Iraq has not been free from this virus. In this survey, the control of COVID-19 infection in KRG as a part of Iraq is discussed in detail. The methods of identification as well as the drugs that are currently in common use to reduce the wide distribution of COVID-19 infection and their effects in countries around the world are considered. So far, 714 positive cases have been reported by the ministry of health in Kurdistan Region Government-Iraq (KRG), among which there have been only 8 deaths, and 420 cases have recovered. Those who died had a previous history of a chronic disease such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and hypercholesteremia. Alternative medicine based on natural green methods has been widely used by Kurdish people in past years for treatment of strong coughs. In the present study, some natural products which are cost free and effective in enhancing the body's resistance against the virus are considered. A surprising finding is that the patients in KRG have not in general had a severe cough, flu, or fever. The possible explanation may relate to the patients' strong immune systems, since none of them had a history of using alcohol and drugs, or of chronic disease. The epidemiology and transmission of the virus are discussed as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peshawa Yunis Aziz
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Technical College of Applied Science, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
| | - Jihad M Hadi
- Kurdistan Technical Institute, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
- College of Engineering, Tishk International University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Aram M Sha
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Shujahadeen Bakr Aziz
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaiman, Kurdistan Regional Governmenti, Qlyasan Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
- Komar Research Center (KRC), Komar University of Science and Technology, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
| | - Hiwa A Ahmed
- School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of General Biology, College of Science, Cihan University, Erbil, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
| | - Shwan M Amine Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicals and Applied Science, Charmoo University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Chamchamal, Sulaymaniyah, 46023, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Farhadian N, Moradi S, Zamanian MH, Farnia V, Rezaeian S, Farhadian M, Shahlaei M. Effectiveness of naltrexone treatment for alcohol use disorders in HIV: a systematic review. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2020; 15:24. [PMID: 32188486 PMCID: PMC7081595 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in patients living with HIV/AIDS are associated with a reduction in therapeutic outcomes and increases the risk of morbidity/mortality, finding an appropriate pharmacotherapy treatment for this disorder is necessary. OBJECTIVES This systematic review contains studies that examine the effects of pharmacological intervention (oral naltrexone (NTX) or injectable extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX)) on the persons living with HIV and AUDs. METHODS A systematic literature search using three electronic databases including Pubmed Medline, Scopus and the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar was conducted and includes articles published from 1995 to 2019. Records were collected by searching relevant keywords and those that meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria are included. RESULTS Overall, in this systematic review, the results of 7 relevant studies including pilot and randomized controlled/clinical trials were summarized and reviewed. Among selected records 2 of these assessed the efficacy of NTX and 5 tested the XR-NTX effectiveness in treating AUDs among persons living with HIV (PLH). In summary, with some expectations, NTX and XR-NTX administration in persons living with HIV and AUDs led to reduced alcohol use, improved viral suppression, unchanged ART adherence and has no significant adverse events. CONCLUSION The findings of this systematic review suggest the beneficial effects and safety of the NTX and XR-NTX for treating AUDs in PLH. Further studies are needed in the future to focus on the treatment of AUDs in people living with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Farhadian
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Zamanian
- Department of Infection Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Farhadian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Afkhami M, Kermanshahi H, Majidzadeh Heravi R. Evaluation of whey protein sources on performance, liver antioxidants and immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with ethanol. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:898-908. [PMID: 32072699 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of whey protein (WP) sources on performance, liver antioxidants and immune responses of broiler chickens, 300 one-d-old male Ross 308 chickens were randomly allocated into six treatments with five replications of 10 birds each. This study was conducted on the basis of a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with dietary supplemental WP sources (no WP; 2% WP and 2% whey protein concentrate (WPC)) and ethanol (zero and 6%) into drinking water. Birds were challenged with ethanol 6% from 10 to 24 days of age. Growth performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology and antioxidant enzymes were assessed in both challenged and non-challenged groups. There was a significant interaction between ethanol and WP sources for growth performance, so that weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly improved in broiler chickens challenged with ethanol and fed with WP (p < .05). Intestinal morphology, humoral responses and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H/L) were not affected by WP sources. Cellular immunity responses were significantly lower in control group and challenged birds fed with WP compared with other groups after 48 hr of phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) injection. Ethanol challenge decreased liver antioxidant enzyme activities and increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. Dietary inclusion of WP and WPC increased levels of liver antioxidant enzymes and decreased MDA and ALT activities. It can be recommended to use WP for improving the growth performance and liver antioxidant enzymes in broiler chickens challenged with ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Afkhami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Kermanshahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Majidzadeh Heravi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Organ-differential responses to ethanol and kynurenic acid, a component of alcoholic beverages in gene transcription. Gene 2020; 737:144434. [PMID: 32018015 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol (ethanol) use has long been known to affect human health negatively. However, the underlying molecular basis is incompletely understood. Moreover, consumption of alcohol is often mixed with kynurenic acid (KYNA), an abundant tryptophan metabolite produced during fermentation. The combined effect of ethanol and KYNA on host gene expression has not been investigated. The current study used mice as the model to interrogate the impact of ethanol and/or KYNA on global gene transcription. Adult male mice were administered with 2 g/kg ethanol and/or 0.1 mg/kg KYNA by gavage once a day for a week. Three organs: brain, kidney, and liver were collected and their total RNAs extracted for transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR. Gene ontology, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes, and genomes pathway analyses revealed that alcohol affects the three organs differentially. Furthermore, the gene expression profile from alcohol and KYNA co-administration was significantly different from that of alcohol or KYNA administration alone. Strikingly, Indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, a rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan metabolism, was significantly increased in the brain after a combined exposure of alcohol and KYNA, suggesting that Trp metabolism was skewed towards the kynurenine pathway in the brain. Our systemic analysis provides new insights into the mechanism whereby alcohol and KYNA affects organ functions.
Collapse
|
40
|
de Frel DL, Atsma DE, Pijl H, Seidell JC, Leenen PJM, Dik WA, van Rossum EFC. The Impact of Obesity and Lifestyle on the Immune System and Susceptibility to Infections Such as COVID-19. Front Nutr 2020; 7:597600. [PMID: 33330597 PMCID: PMC7711810 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.597600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a global challenge to healthcare. Obesity is common in patients with COVID-19 and seems to aggravate disease prognosis. In this review we explore the link between obesity, chronic disease, lifestyle factors and the immune system, and propose societal interventions to enhance global immunity. Search Strategy and Selection Criteria: We performed three literature searches using the keywords (1) coronavirus AND comorbidities, (2) comorbidities AND immune system, and (3) lifestyle factors AND immune system. Results were screened for relevance by the main author and a total of 215 articles were thoroughly analyzed. Results: The relationship between obesity and unfavorable COVID-19 prognosis is discussed in light of the impact of chronic disease and lifestyle on the immune system. Several modifiable lifestyle factors render us susceptible to viral infections. In this context, we make a case for fostering a healthy lifestyle on a global scale. Conclusions: Obesity, additional chronic disease and an unhealthy lifestyle interactively impair immune function and increase the risk of severe infectious disease. In adverse metabolic and endocrine conditions, the immune system is geared toward inflammation. Collective effort is needed to ameliorate modifiable risk factors for obesity and chronic disease on a global scale and increase resistance to viruses like SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daan L. de Frel
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douwe E. Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Douwe E. Atsma
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jacob C. Seidell
- Department of Health Sciences, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. M. Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F. C. van Rossum
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Minami Y, Kanemura S, Kawai M, Nishino Y, Tada H, Miyashita M, Ishida T, Kakugawa Y. Alcohol consumption and survival after breast cancer diagnosis in Japanese women: A prospective patient cohort study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224797. [PMID: 31721806 PMCID: PMC6853331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear whether alcohol consumption may impact survival after breast cancer diagnosis. To clarify the association between pretreatment alcohol consumption and survival in breast cancer patients, a prospective patient cohort study was conducted. Methods The cohort comprised 1,420 breast cancer patients diagnosed during 1997–2013 at a single institute in Japan. Alcohol drinking and other lifestyle factors were assessed by questionnaire survey at the initial admission. The patients were followed until December 31, 2016. The crude associations of pretreatment alcohol intake with survival were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) controlled by confounders. Results During a median follow-up period of 8.6 years, 261 all-cause and 193 breast cancer-specific deaths were documented. Survival curves showed that ever-drinkers tended to have better survival than never-drinkers (breast cancer-specific survival, log-rank p = 0.0381). Better survival was also observed for light drinkers with an intake of <5.0 g per day. In the Cox model, ever-drinking was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.54–1.05) and breast cancer-specific death (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.46–0.99). Light drinkers had a lower risk of breast cancer-specific death (frequency of drinking, HR = 0.57 for occasional or 1–2 times per week and 0.72 for 3–7 times per week; amount of alcohol consumed per day, HR = 0.57 for <5.0 g and 0.68 for ≥5.0 g compared with never-drinking). In terms of hormone receptor status, a significantly decreased risk of death associated with ever-drinking was observed among women with receptor-negative cancer (ER-/PR-, HR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.20–0.84 for breast cancer-specific death). Conclusions Pretreatment, i.e., pre-diagnosis alcohol consumption is unlikely to have an adverse effect on survival after breast cancer diagnosis. Light alcohol consumption may have a beneficial effect on patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Minami
- Division of Community Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan
- Center for Preventive Medicine, Osaki Citizen Hospital, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kawai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nishino
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1–1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kakugawa
- Department of Breast Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
den Boogert EM, Oorsprong DM, Fanoy EB, Leenders ACAP, Tostmann A, van Dam ASG. Risk factors for developing acute gastrointestinal, skin or respiratory infections following obstacle and mud run participation, the Netherlands, 2017. Euro Surveill 2019; 24:1900088. [PMID: 31595875 PMCID: PMC6784448 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.40.1900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn the Netherlands, obstacle, mud and survival runs are increasingly popular. Although outbreaks of gastroenteritis have been reported following these events, associated health risks have not been systematically assessed.AimTo investigate the incidence of acute gastrointestinal infections (AGI), skin infections (SI) and respiratory infections (RI) among obstacle run participants, as well as risk factors.MethodsBetween April and October 2017, we conducted a retrospective cohort study among 2,900 participants of 17 obstacle runs in the Netherlands. Demographic, symptomatic and behavioural data were collected from participants via an online questionnaire 1 week after participation in an obstacle run. Stool specimens were obtained from respondents for microbiological tests. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multilevel binomial regression analysis were calculated.ResultsOf 2,646 respondents (median age: 33 years; 53% male), 76 had AGI after the obstacle run; ingesting mud was associated with AGI (aRR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2-4.9) and 38 respondents had AGI during or in the week before the obstacle run. Overall, 103 respondents reported SI and 163 RI. Rinsing off in a hot tub was associated with SI (aRR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.7-2.8). Of 111 stool specimens, 13 tested positive for six different pathogens. No clusters were found.ConclusionThe reported incidence of AGI, SI and RI was low. Risk of these infections could be decreased by informing participants on preventive measures, e.g. showering vs rinsing in the hot tub, avoiding ingesting mud and not participating with symptoms of AGI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M den Boogert
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Municipal Health Service Hart voor Brabant, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle M Oorsprong
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Municipal Health Service Hart voor Brabant, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Ewout B Fanoy
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Centre for Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander CAP Leenders
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Alma Tostmann
- Academic Public Health Initiative AMPHI, Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriana SG van Dam
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Municipal Health Service Hart voor Brabant, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kumar Y, Laxmi P, Minz RW, Pal A. Alcohol use disorder and risk of sensitization to environmental allergens in Sub-Continental Asian Indian males. J Addict Dis 2019; 37:227-232. [PMID: 31556800 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2019.1665964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is known to cause elevation of serum total IgE (tIgE). Whether it can predispose to allergic disorders, however, is not clear. To assess whether alcohol can cause sensitization to allergens, we analyzed 100 individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and 50 matched healthy controls. Serum tIgE and specific IgE against environmental allergens were measured. We found 93% of individuals with AUD had raised tIgE compared to only 48% of healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Sensitization to aeroallergens was noted in 68% drinkers compared to 24% of controls (p < 0.0001). The degree of sensitization was directly proportional to the amount and duration of alcohol intake. There is a possibility of a link between alcohol abuse and allergic sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashwant Kumar
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pvm Laxmi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjana Walker Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Alam I, Almajwal AM, Alam W, Alam I, Ullah N, Abulmeaaty M, Razak S, Khan S, Pawelec G, Paracha PI. The immune-nutrition interplay in aging – facts and controversies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/nha-170034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Alam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Tübingen Ageing and Tumour Immunology Group, Zentrum für Medizinische Forschung, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ali M. Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajid Alam
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Khyber Colleg of Dentistry, KPK, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Niamat Ullah
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Agriculture University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Abulmeaaty
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleem Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Agriculture University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Tübingen Ageing and Tumour Immunology Group, Zentrum für Medizinische Forschung, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Parvez Iqbal Paracha
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Agriculture University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kim MK, Shin HW, Kim YJ, Yang JW, Kim JS, Han BG, Choi SO, Lee JY. Delta Neutrophil Index is Useful to Predict Poor Outcomes in Male Patients with Alcoholic Ketoacidosis. Electrolyte Blood Press 2019; 17:7-15. [PMID: 31338109 PMCID: PMC6629600 DOI: 10.5049/ebp.2019.17.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) is known as a benign disease, but the related mortality reported in Korea is high. Acidosis and alcohol change the immunity profile, and these changes can be identified early using the delta neutrophil index (DNI). We aimed to evaluate the use of DNI and other standard laboratory parameters as predictors of prognosis in AKA patients. Methods One hundred eighteen males with AKA were evaluated at the Wonju Severance Christian hospital between 2009 and 2014. We performed a retrospective analysis of demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters data. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and multivariate Cox regression was used to identify renal survival and mortality. Results Survival patients had lower initial DNI levels than non-survival patients (4.8±6.4 vs 11.4±12.5, p<0.001). In multivariate-adjusted Cox regression analysis, higher initial increased DNI (HR 1.044, 95% CI 1.003-1.086, p=0.035), and lower initial pH (HR 0.044, 95% CI 0.004-0.452, p=0.008) were risk factors for dialysis during hospitalization. Further, higher initial DNI level (HR 1.037; 95% CI 1.006-1.069; p=0.018), lower initial pH (HR 0.049; 95% CI 0.008-0.312; p=0.001) and lower initial glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (HR 0.981; 95% CI 0.964-0.999; p=0.033) were predictors of mortality. A DNI value of 4.5% was selected as the cut-off value for poor prognosis and Kaplan-Meier plots showed that AKA patients with an initial level DNI ≥4.5% had lower cumulative survival rates than AKA patients with an initial DNI <4.5%. Conclusion Increased initial serum DNI levels may help to predict renal survival and prognosis in male AKA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Keun Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Han Wul Shin
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - You Jin Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jae Won Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Byoung-Geun Han
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seung Ok Choi
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu YH, Wu YC, Cheng SJ, Kuo YS, Sun A, Chen HM. Gastric parietal cell and thyroid autoantibodies in oral precancer patients. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:1393-1400. [PMID: 31200999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA), thyroglobulin antibody (TGA), and thyroid microsomal antibody (TMA) may be present in oral mucosal disease patients. This study mainly assessed the frequencies of serum GPCA, TGA, and TMA positivities in 131 oral precancer patients. METHODS Serum GPCA, TGA, and TMA levels were measured in 131 oral precancer patients including 96 oral leukoplakia, 26 oral erythroleukoplakia, and 9 oral verrucous hyperplasia patients and in 131 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. RESULTS We found that 131 oral precancer patients had higher frequencies of serum GPCA (10.7% vs. 2.3%, P = 0.012, statistically significant), TGA (4.6% vs. 2.3%, P = 0.498), and TMA (8.4% vs. 2.3%, P = 0.054, marginal significance) positivities than 131 healthy control subjects. We also found that 1 (0.8%), 6 (4.6%), and 16 (12.2%) oral precancer patients had the presence of three (GPCA + TGA + TMA), two (GPCA + TGA, GPCA + TMA, or TGA + TMA), or one (GPCA only, TGA only, or TMA only) autoantibody in their sera, respectively. Of 10 TGA/TMA-positive oral precancer patients whose serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured, 80%, 10%, and 10% of these 10 TGA/TMA-positive oral precancer patients had normal, lower, and higher serum TSH levels, respectively. We also found a significantly higher GPCA positive rate in 26 smokers consuming >20 cigarettes per day than in 61 smokers consuming ≤20 cigarettes per day (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Approximately 17.6% of 131 oral precancer patients have serum GPCA/TGA/TMA positivity. Only approximately 20% of TGA/TMA-positive oral precancer patients have either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsueh Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Che Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shiung Kuo
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andy Sun
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Keaney LC, Kilding AE, Merien F, Dulson DK. The impact of sport related stressors on immunity and illness risk in team-sport athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:1192-1199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
48
|
Maggini S, Pierre A, Calder PC. Immune Function and Micronutrient Requirements Change over the Life Course. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1531. [PMID: 30336639 PMCID: PMC6212925 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As humans age, the risk and severity of infections vary in line with immune competence according to how the immune system develops, matures, and declines. Several factors influence the immune system and its competence, including nutrition. A bidirectional relationship among nutrition, infection and immunity exists: changes in one component affect the others. For example, distinct immune features present during each life stage may affect the type, prevalence, and severity of infections, while poor nutrition can compromise immune function and increase infection risk. Various micronutrients are essential for immunocompetence, particularly vitamins A, C, D, E, B2, B6, and B12, folic acid, iron, selenium, and zinc. Micronutrient deficiencies are a recognized global public health issue, and poor nutritional status predisposes to certain infections. Immune function may be improved by restoring deficient micronutrients to recommended levels, thereby increasing resistance to infection and supporting faster recovery when infected. Diet alone may be insufficient and tailored micronutrient supplementation based on specific age-related needs necessary. This review looks at immune considerations specific to each life stage, the consequent risk of infection, micronutrient requirements and deficiencies exhibited over the life course, and the available evidence regarding the effects of micronutrient supplementation on immune function and infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Andersen C, Søndergaard HB, Bang Oturai D, Laursen JH, Gustavsen S, Larsen NK, Magyari M, Just-Østergaard E, Thørner LW, Sellebjerg F, Ullum H, Oturai AB. Alcohol consumption in adolescence is associated with a lower risk of multiple sclerosis in a Danish cohort. Mult Scler 2018; 25:1572-1579. [PMID: 30124094 DOI: 10.1177/1352458518795418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Due to the possible existence of a vulnerable period of multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility in adolescence and because Danish teenagers have a high alcohol consumption, we investigated the association between alcohol consumption at ages 15-19 and the risk of developing MS. METHODS A total of 1717 patients with MS and 4685 healthy blood donors filled in a comprehensive environmental and lifestyle questionnaire. Data were analysed by logistic regression models and adjusted for selected confounders. RESULTS We found an inverse association between alcohol consumption in adolescence and risk of developing MS in both women (p < 0.001) and men (p = 0.012). Women with low alcohol consumption had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.56 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47-0.66) compared with non-drinking women. The ORs were similar for women with moderate (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.38-0.62) and high consumption (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38-0.84). Men with low alcohol consumption had an OR of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.53-0.89) compared with non-drinking men but no decreased risk was found for men with moderate and high consumption. CONCLUSION Alcohol consumption in adolescence was associated with lower risk of developing MS among both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Andersen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Bach Søndergaard
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Bang Oturai
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Hejgaard Laursen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Gustavsen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Katrine Larsen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melinda Magyari
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lise Wegner Thørner
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Centre of Diagnostic Investigation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Centre of Diagnostic Investigation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Bang Oturai
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Diktanas S, Vasiliauskiene E, Polubenko K, Danila E, Celedinaite I, Boreikaite E, Misiunas K. Factors Associated with Persistent Sputum Positivity at the End of the Second Month of Tuberculosis Treatment in Lithuania. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2018; 81:233-240. [PMID: 29926543 PMCID: PMC6030656 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2017.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-conversion of sputum smear and culture prolongs the infectivity of the patient and has been associated with unfavorable outcomes. We aimed to evaluate factors associated with persistent sputum positivity at the end of two months of treatment of new case pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods Data of 87 human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with culture-positive drug-susceptible pulmonary TB admitted to local university hospital between September 2015 and September 2016 were reviewed. Factors associated with sputum smear and/or culture positivity at the end of the second month of treatment were analyzed. Results Twenty-two patients (25.3%) remained smear and/or culture-positive. Male sex, lower body mass index (BMI), unemployment, alcohol abuse, higher number of lobes involved and cavities on chest X-rays, shorter time to detection (TTD) on liquid cultures, higher respiratory sample smear grading and colony count in solid cultures, higher C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and anemia were all significantly associated with persistent sputum positivity. However, in the logistic regression analysis only male sex, lower BMI, alcohol abuse, higher radiological involvement, cavitation, higher smear grading, higher colony count in solid cultures and shorter TTD were determined as independent factors associated with persistent sputum positivity at the end of 2 months of treatment. Conclusion In conclusion, higher sputum smear and culture grading at diagnosis, shorter TTD, higher number of lobes involved, cavitation, male sex, alcohol abuse, and lower BMI were independently associated with persistent sputum positivity. These factors should be sought when distinguishing which patients will remain infectious longer and possibly have worse outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saulius Diktanas
- Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos, Center of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Edita Vasiliauskiene
- Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Edvardas Danila
- Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos, Center of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Vilnius University, Clinic of Infectious and Chest Diseases, Dermatovenereology and Allergology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|