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Landaverde-Mejia K, Dufoo-Hurtado E, Camacho-Vega D, Maldonado-Celis ME, Mendoza-Diaz S, Campos-Vega R. Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) consumption improves cognitive performance and mood in overweight young adults: A pilot study. Food Chem 2024; 457:140211. [PMID: 38943918 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
This pilot study evaluated the impact of pistachio consumption on cognitive performance and mood in overweight young adults. Pistachios were characterized (chemical and nutraceutical), and a baseline-final, uncontrolled nutritional intervention was performed (28 g of pistachio/28 days). Psychometric tests were applied to estimate cognitive performance and mood; anthropometric evaluation, biochemical analysis, and plasma antioxidant activity were included. The main component of nuts was lipids (48.1%). Pistachios consumption significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced waist circumference (-1.47 cm), total cholesterol (-10.21 mg/dL), LDL (-6.57 mg/dL), and triglycerides (-21.07 mg/dL), and increased plasma antioxidant activity. Pistachio supplementation improved risk tolerance (p ≤ 0.006) and decision-making strategy (p ≤ 0.002; BART-task), executive functions (BCST-task; p ≤ 0.006), and selective and sustained attention (Go/No-Go-test; p ≤ 0.016). The mood state was positively modulated (p ≤ 0.05) for anxiety, anger-hostility, and sadness-depression. These results show for the first time the benefits of pistachio consumption on cognitive performance and mood in overweight young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Landaverde-Mejia
- Postgraduate Program in Food of the Center of the Republic (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Elisa Dufoo-Hurtado
- Postgraduate Program in Food of the Center of the Republic (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Diego Camacho-Vega
- Department of Medicine and Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico.
| | | | - Sandra Mendoza-Diaz
- Postgraduate Program in Food of the Center of the Republic (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Rocio Campos-Vega
- Postgraduate Program in Food of the Center of the Republic (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico.
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Leung ASY, Pacharn P, Tangvalelerd S, Sato S, Pitt E, Wong G, Koplin JJ. Food allergy in a changing dietary landscape: A focus on the Asia Pacific region. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2024; 35:e14211. [PMID: 39127915 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have provided compelling evidence to suggest that various environmental factors play a significant role in the development of food allergies. As our society experiences rapid economic growth, increased urbanization, and a shift towards a more Westernized diet, the incidence of food allergies is also on the rise and the pattern is gradually evolving. This review will delve into the changes in the epidemiology of food allergies within the Asia-Pacific region and the various dietary practices and factors that are postulated to play a role in the rise in food allergies over the years. Although there have been important advancements in the field of food allergies, there are still numerous uncertainties regarding the intricate relationship between diet and food allergies. Specifically, the role of epigenetic factors in influencing the susceptibility to food allergies, as evidenced by studies that assessed the impact of migration and rural-urban dynamics, is not fully understood. Addressing this knowledge gap presents an opportunity to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies that could greatly benefit individuals living with food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Punchama Pacharn
- Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Tangvalelerd
- Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakura Sato
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, NHO Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Erin Pitt
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Alsenani F. Unraveling potential neuroprotective mechanisms of herbal medicine for Alzheimer's diseases through comprehensive molecular docking analyses. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103998. [PMID: 38681227 PMCID: PMC11053229 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to be a worldwide health concern, demanding innovative therapeutic approaches. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of herbal compounds by scrutinizing their interactions with Beta-Secretase-1 (BACE1). Through comprehensive molecular docking analyses, three compounds, Masticadienonic acid (ΔG: -9.6 kcal/mol), Hederagenin (ΔG: -9.3 kcal/mol), and Anthocyanins (ΔG: -8.1 kcal/mol), emerge as promising BACE1 ligands, displaying low binding energies and strong affinities. ADME parameter predictions, drug-likeness assessments, and toxicity analyses reveal favorable pharmacokinetic profiles for these compounds. Notably, Masticadienonic Acid exhibits optimal drug-likeness (-3.3736) and negligible toxicity concerns. Hederagenin (drug-likeness: -5.3272) and Anthocyanins (drug-likeness: -6.2041) also demonstrate promising safety profiles. Furthermore, pharmacophore modeling elucidates the compounds' unique interaction landscapes within BACE1's active site. Masticadienonic acid showcases seven hydrophobic interactions and a hydrogen bond acceptor interaction with Thr232. Hederagenin exhibits a specific hydrogen bond acceptor interaction with Trp76, emphasizing its selective binding. Anthocyanins reveal a multifaceted engagement, combining hydrophobic contacts and hydrogen bond interactions with key residues. In conclusion, Masticadienonic acid, Hederagenin, and Anthocyanins stand out as promising candidates for further experimental validation, presenting a synergistic balance of efficacy and safety in combating AD through BACE1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Alsenani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Li P, Zhang Y, Cao C, Luo Y, Kan H, Liu Y. Screening and Characterization of Antioxidant Film Applicable to Walnut Kernels from Juglans sigillata. Foods 2024; 13:1313. [PMID: 38731685 PMCID: PMC11083998 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Walnuts play a positive role in human health due to their large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, whereas lipid oxidation can easily occur during storage. Herein, three natural antioxidants (epicatechin, sesamol, and myricetin) were added to the composite film cross-linked with chitosan and soy protein peptide, and the antioxidant film appropriate for the preservation of walnut kernels from Juglans sigillata was screened to improve the storage quality of walnuts. The results showed that three antioxidant films could all enhance the storage performance of walnut kernels, with sesamol being the best. The characterization of antioxidant film cross-linked with chitosan and soy protein peptide containing sesamol (C/S-ses film) revealed that the composite film improved the slow release and stability of sesamol; in addition, the presence of sesamol could effectively reduce the light transmittance and water vapor permeability of the composite film, together with significantly enhancing the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, resulting in an effective prolongation of the storage period of walnut kernels. These findings indicated that C/S-ses possess excellent potential for retarding the oxidative rancidity of unsaturated fatty acids and will provide an effective strategy for the preservation of walnut kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (P.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (P.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Changwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (P.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Yaxi Luo
- Faculty of Human Nutrition Science, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Huan Kan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (P.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (P.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.C.); (H.K.)
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5
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Nieman KM, Zhu Y, Tucker M, Koecher K. The Role of Dietary Ingredients in Mental Energy - A Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:167-182. [PMID: 37561965 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2244031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Low mental energy can contribute to decreased productivity, altered life balance, decreased physical performance, and ultimately affect quality of life. As such, there is a great demand for food and beverage products that positively impact mental energy. Numerous products claim to alter mental energy making continued review of the scientific evidence critical. The objective of this study was to conduct a scoping review of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effect of 18 dietary ingredients on mental energy outcomes in adults without severe disease. Methods: A literature search, completed using PubMed, resulted in the identification of 2261 articles, 190 of which met eligibility from initial abstract review. Full-text review was completed on the 190 studies which resulted in 101 articles that fully met eligibility for inclusion in this study. The search strategy for two ingredients did not yield any eligible studies, leaving studies for 16 ingredients that were extracted and summarized by reported significantly improved outcomes for cognition, mood and perceived feelings, and sleep assessments. The preliminary results for several dietary ingredients directionally suggested a mental energy benefit (≥20% of outcomes), including ashwagandha, chamomile, dark chocolate, ginseng, green tea, lavender, lion's mane mushroom, maca, tart cherries, turmeric, and valerian root. The results of this scoping review suggest that of the 16 dietary ingredients reviewed, 11 may be promising for further exploration on their potential benefits in supporting mental energy. Given consumer demand and market growth for food and beverage products that positively impact mental energy; continued efforts in assessment method alignment and additional evaluation in well-designed trials is warranted.KEY TEACHING POINTSOf the 16 dietary ingredients reviewed, 11 (ashwagandha, chamomile, dark chocolate, ginseng, green tea, lavender, lion's mane mushroom, maca, melatonin foods, turmeric, and valerian root) may be promising for further exploration on their potential mental energy benefits.Dark chocolate, ginseng, ashwagandha, and lion's mane mushroom were the most promising ingredients for further evaluation in the cognition domain of the ingredients evaluated.Turmeric, maca, lavendar, and ashwagandha were the most promising ingredients for further evaluation in the mood and perceived feelings domain of the ingredients evaluated.Ashwagandha, chamomile, green tea, melatonin foods, valerian root were the most promising ingredients for further evaluation in the sleep domain of the ingredients evaluated.Additional, well-designed, consistent, clinical trials and systematic reviews are warranted as the challenge of heterogeneity in mental energy study design remains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Zhu
- Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michelle Tucker
- Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katie Koecher
- Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Pinar-Martí A, Gignac F, Fernández-Barrés S, Romaguera D, Sala-Vila A, Lázaro I, Ranzani OT, Persavento C, Delgado A, Carol A, Torrent J, Gonzalez J, Roso E, Barrera-Gómez J, López-Vicente M, Boucher O, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Turner MC, Burgaleta M, Canals J, Arija V, Basagaña X, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, Sunyer J, Julvez J. Effect of walnut consumption on neuropsychological development in healthy adolescents: a multi-school randomised controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 59:101954. [PMID: 37096186 PMCID: PMC10121389 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Omega-3 fatty acids are critical for neuropsychological functioning. Adolescence is increasingly believed to entail brain vulnerability to dietary intake. The potential benefit on adolescent neurodevelopment of consuming walnuts, a source of omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), remains unclear. Methods We conducted a 6-month multi-school-based randomised controlled nutrition intervention trial to assess whether walnut consumption has beneficial effects on the neuropsychological and behavioural development of adolescents. The study took place between 04/01/2016 and 06/30/2017 in twelve different high schools in Barcelona, Spain (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02590848). A total of 771 healthy teenagers aged 11-16 years were randomised into two equal groups (intervention or control). The intervention group received 30 g/day of raw walnut kernels to be incorporated into their diet for 6 months. Multiple primary endpoints concerning neuropsychological (working memory, attention, fluid intelligence, and executive function) and behavioural (socio-emotional and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] symptoms) development were assessed at baseline and after intervention. Red blood cell (RBC) ALA status was determined at baseline and 6 months as a measure of compliance. Main analyses were based on intention-to-treat using a linear mixed-effects model. A per-protocol effect of the intervention was analysed using inverse-probability weighting to account for post-randomisation prognostic factors (including adherence) using generalised estimating equations. Findings In intention-to-treat analyses, at 6 months there were no statistically significant changes between the intervention and control groups for all primary endpoints. RBC ALA (%) significantly increased only in the intervention group, coefficient = 0.04 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.03, 0.06; p < 0.0001). The per-protocol (adherence-adjusted) effect on improvement in attention score (hit reaction time variability) was -11.26 ms (95% CI = -19.92, -2.60; p = 0.011) for the intervention group as compared to the control group, improvement in fluid intelligence score was 1.78 (95% CI = 0.90, 2.67; p < 0.0001), and reduction of ADHD symptom score was -2.18 (95% CI = -3.70, -0.67; p = 0.0050). Interpretation Our study suggested that being prescribed eating walnuts for 6 months did not improve the neuropsychological function of healthy adolescents. However, improved sustained attention, fluid intelligence, and ADHD symptoms were observed in participants who better complied with the walnut intervention. This study provides a foundation for further clinical and epidemiological research on the effect of walnuts and ALA on neurodevelopment in adolescents. Funding This study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the projects 'CP14/00108, PI16/00261, PI21/00266' (co-funded by European Union Regional Development Fund 'A way to make Europe'). The California Walnut Commission (CWC) has given support by supplying the walnuts for free for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Pinar-Martí
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience Group (NeuroÈpia), 43204 Reus (Tarragona), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florence Gignac
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Fernández-Barrés
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience Group (NeuroÈpia), 43204 Reus (Tarragona), Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- The Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olivier Boucher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Michelle C. Turner
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Josefina Canals
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience Group (NeuroÈpia), 43204 Reus (Tarragona), Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Corresponding author. Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), NeuroÈpia Group, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus (Tarragona), Catalonia, Spain.
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Gonçalves B, Pinto T, Aires A, Morais MC, Bacelar E, Anjos R, Ferreira-Cardoso J, Oliveira I, Vilela A, Cosme F. Composition of Nuts and Their Potential Health Benefits-An Overview. Foods 2023; 12:942. [PMID: 36900459 PMCID: PMC10000569 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility that nut intake may defend human health is an interesting point of view and has been investigated worldwide. Consequently, nuts are commonly promoted as healthy. In recent decades, the number of investigations proposing a correlation between nut consumption and a decrease in the risk of key chronic diseases has continued to increase. Nuts are a source of intake of fiber, and dietary fiber is associated with a reduced occurrence of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Nuts likewise provide minerals and vitamins to the diet and supply phytochemicals that function as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and phytoestrogens agents and other protective mechanisms. Therefore, the main goal of this overview is to summarize current information and to describe the utmost new investigation concerning the health benefits of certain nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Gonçalves
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinto
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Aires
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Morais
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eunice Bacelar
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rosário Anjos
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ferreira-Cardoso
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ivo Oliveira
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alice Vilela
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre—Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Cosme
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre—Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Impact of Nut Consumption on Cognition across the Lifespan. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041000. [PMID: 36839359 PMCID: PMC9965316 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive health is a life-long concern affected by modifiable risk factors, including lifestyle choices, such as dietary intake, with serious implications for quality of life, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. In addition, nuts are a nutrient-dense food that contain a number of potentially neuroprotective components, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, B-vitamins, non-sodium minerals, and highly bioactive polyphenols. However, increased nut consumption relates to a lower cardiovascular risk and a lower burden of cardiovascular risk factors that are shared with neurodegenerative disorders, which is why nuts have been hypothesized to be beneficial for brain health. The present narrative review discusses up-to-date epidemiological, clinical trial, and mechanistic evidence of the effect of exposure to nuts on cognitive performance. While limited and inconclusive, available evidence suggests a possible role for nuts in the maintenance of cognitive health and prevention of cognitive decline in individuals across the lifespan, particularly in older adults and those at higher risk. Walnuts, as a rich source of the plant-based polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid, are the nut type most promising for cognitive health. Given the limited definitive evidence available to date, especially regarding cognitive health biomarkers and hard outcomes, future studies are needed to better elucidate the impact of nuts on the maintenance of cognitive health, as well as the prevention and management of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer disease.
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Novaj A, Engel MG, Wang R, Mao K, Xue X, Amir Y, Atzmon G, Huffman DM. Dietary Walnuts Preserve Aspects of Health Span and Alter the Hippocampal Lipidome in Aged High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032314. [PMID: 36768636 PMCID: PMC9916809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence continues to accrue that aging and its diseases can be delayed by pharmacologic and dietary strategies that target the underlying hallmarks of the aging process. However, identifying simple, safe, and effective dietary strategies involving the incorporation of whole foods that may confer some protection against the aging process is also needed. Recent observational studies have suggested that nut consumption can reduce mortality risk in humans. Among these, walnuts are particularly intriguing, given their high content of n-3 fatty acids, fiber, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. To this end, 12-month-old male CB6F1 mice were provided either a defined control low-fat diet (LFD), a control high-fat diet (HFD), or an isocaloric HFD containing 7.67% walnuts by weight (HFD + W), and measures of healthspan and related biochemical markers (n = 10-19 per group) as well as survival (n = 20 per group) were monitored. Mice provided the HFD or HFD + W demonstrated marked weight gain, but walnuts lowered baseline glucose (p < 0.05) and tended to temper the effects of HFD on liver weight gain (p < 0.05) and insulin tolerance (p = 0.1). Additional assays suggested a beneficial effect on some indicators of health with walnut supplementation, including preservation of exercise capacity and improved short-term working memory, as determined by Y maze (p = 0.02). However, no effect was observed via any diet on inflammatory markers, antioxidant capacity, or survival (p = 0.2). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of the hippocampal transcriptome identified two processes predicted to be affected by walnuts and potentially linked to cognitive function, including estrogen signaling and lipid metabolism, with changes in the latter confirmed by lipidomic analysis. In summary, while walnuts did not significantly improve survival on a HFD, they tended to preserve features of healthspan in the context of a metabolic stressor with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardijana Novaj
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Matthew G. Engel
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kai Mao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yam Amir
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Derek M. Huffman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-430-4278; Fax: +1-718-430-8922
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10
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Herselman MF, Bailey S, Deo P, Zhou XF, Gunn KM, Bobrovskaya L. The Effects of Walnuts and Academic Stress on Mental Health, General Well-Being and the Gut Microbiota in a Sample of University Students: A Randomised Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224776. [PMID: 36432461 PMCID: PMC9697272 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poorer mental health is common in undergraduate students due to academic stress. An interplay between stress and diet exists, with stress influencing food choices. Nutritional interventions may be effective in preventing mental health decline due to complex bidirectional interactions between the brain, the gut and the gut microbiota. Previous studies have shown walnut consumption has a positive effect on mental health. Here, using a randomized clinical trial (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, #ACTRN12619000972123), we aimed to investigate the effects of academic stress and daily walnut consumption in university students on mental health, biochemical markers of general health, and the gut microbiota. We found academic stress had a negative impact on self-reported mood and mental health status, while daily walnut consumption improved mental health indicators and protected against some of the negative effects of academic stress on metabolic and stress biomarkers. Academic stress was associated with lower gut microbial diversity in females, which was improved by walnut consumption. The effects of academic stress or walnut consumption in male participants could not be established due to small numbers of participants. Thus, walnut consumption may have a protective effect against some of the negative impacts of academic stress, however sex-dependent mechanisms require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauritz F. Herselman
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sheree Bailey
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Kate M. Gunn
- Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Haskell-Ramsay CF, Dodd FL, Smith D, Cuthbertson L, Nelson A, Lodge JK, Jackson PA. Mixed Tree Nuts, Cognition, and Gut Microbiota: A 4-Week, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Nonelderly Adults. J Nutr 2022; 152:2778-2788. [PMID: 36202391 PMCID: PMC9840001 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beneficial effects of nut supplementation on cognitive function have previously been demonstrated in young and older adults. Alterations to gut microbiota have also been shown following tree nut consumption. However, no data exists on the effects of nuts on cognition and intestinal microbial communities assessed within the same study. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine the effects of daily consumption of tree nuts for 4 wk on cognitive function (primary outcome), mood, metabolomics, and gut microbial species (secondary outcomes) in healthy, nonelderly adults. METHODS This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced crossover study assessed the effects of 4 wk of supplementation with 30 g/d mixed tree nuts versus placebo on cognition and mood in 79 healthy adults aged 18-49 y. Metabolic responses, gut bacterial community structure, and the potential for these to impact cognition were explored using a multi-omic approach. Bacterial community analysis was conducted in Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME2). RESULTS Mixed model analysis indicated that nut consumption led to significant improvements to accuracy (placebo M = 92.2% compared with NUTS M = 94.5%; P = 0.019) and speed of response (placebo M = 788 ms compared with NUTS M = 757 ms; P = 0.004) on a picture recognition task. No significant changes to bacterial community α or β diversity were observed when comparing nut consumption to the placebo arm. However, an unclassified Lachnospiraceae amplicon sequence variant (ASV) was significantly enriched in participants when supplemented with nuts (P = 0.015). No correlations were observed between the changes to picture recognition and the changes to the unclassified Lachnospiraceae ASV. There were no significant changes to the urinary metabolome. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a positive effect of nut on cognition following only 4 wk of consumption in a healthy nonelderly sample, as well as upregulation of a microbial taxa associated with gut health. The effects appear to be independent of one another, but further exploration is required in those experiencing cognitive decline and/or gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona L Dodd
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Smith
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Cuthbertson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John K Lodge
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa A Jackson
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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12
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Dalile B, Kim C, Challinor A, Geurts L, Gibney ER, Galdos MV, La Fata G, Layé S, Mathers JC, Vauzour D, Verkuyl JM, Thuret S. The EAT-Lancet reference diet and cognitive function across the life course. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e749-e759. [PMID: 36087605 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The EAT-Lancet Commission devised a sustainable reference diet with the aim of reducing the incidence of non-communicable diseases and mortality globally while improving food system sustainability. The extent to which the reference diet supports cognitive function across the life course, however, has not yet been evaluated. This Review assesses the evidence for diet supporting cognitive function from childhood into old age. A comprehensive but non-exhaustive literature search was done, synthesising studies that investigated the effect of whole foods on cognition in healthy, community-dwelling human participants. We found that the current evidence base is weak with mixed conclusions and multiple methodological caveats, which precludes strong conclusions pertaining to the suitability of dietary recommendations for each food group per age group. Long-term intervention and prospective cohort studies are needed to reduce this knowledge deficit. Revising dietary recommendations with the aim of maintaining an adequate nutrient intake to sustain healthy cognitive function across the life course could be worthwhile. This Review outlines recommendations for future work to help improve the current knowledge deficit regarding dietary intake and cognitive function across the life course and its implications for dietary guidelines such as the EAT-Lancet Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Dalile
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Curie Kim
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andy Challinor
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lucie Geurts
- International Life Sciences Institute European Branch, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- Institute of Food Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcelo V Galdos
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Giorgio La Fata
- Health Nutrition and Care Innovation, Global Research and Development Center, DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - J Martin Verkuyl
- Danone Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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13
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Lockyer S, de la Hunty AE, Steenson S, Spiro A, Stanner SA. Walnut consumption and health outcomes with public health relevance-a systematic review of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials published from 2017 to present. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:26-54. [PMID: 35912883 PMCID: PMC9732668 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Considering the accumulation of recent studies investigating the health effects of walnut consumption, both including and beyond cardiovascular health effects, a systematic review of this literature to investigate the strength of the evidence is warranted. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between walnut consumption and outcomes with public health relevance (specifically all-cause mortality, type 2 diabetes, CVD, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, neurological and mental health, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and maternal disorders) and the effect on associated disease risk markers, reported in studies published from 2017 to present. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, FSTA, CENTRAL, and Scopus were searched from 1 January 2017 to 5 May 2021. DATA EXTRACTION Human studies (cohort studies and RCTs) ≥3 weeks in duration comparing consumption of walnuts (whole, pieces, or 100% butter) to a control and measuring associations with relevant public health outcomes and disease risk markers were assessed. Key study characteristics were extracted independently by 2 investigators using a standardized table. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool 2.0 and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. DATA ANALYSIS Only 1 RCT was considered to be at low risk of bias for any of its outcomes. The cohort studies were considered to be of moderate or high quality. The results were synthesized using vote counting, based on the direction of effect. Thirty-three articles, 23 describing RCTs (walnut dose ∼10-99 g/day, 1,948 subjects) and 10 describing cohort studies (∼675,928 subjects), were included. Vote counting could be performed for the blood lipids, cardiovascular function, inflammation- and hemostatic-related factors, markers of glucose metabolism, and body weight and composition outcome groupings. The results are presented in effect direction plots. With respect to blood lipids, results from 8/8 RCTs favoured walnuts, in accordance with associations with a reduced risk of CVD suggested by cohort studies; results from 6/6 RCTs favoured control with respect to body weight and composition, although most of these effects were small. This was contrary to cohort study results suggesting small benefits of walnut consumption on body weight. There was no overall consistent direction of effect for cardiovascular function, markers of glucose metabolism, or inflammation- and hemostatic-related factors. CONCLUSIONS Evidence published since 2017 is consistent with previous research suggesting that walnut consumption improves lipid profiles and is associated with reduced CVD risk. Evidence is accumulating in other areas, such as cognitive health, although more research is needed to draw firm conclusions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD4202122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Lockyer
- S. Lockyer, British Nutrition Foundation, New Derwent House, 69–73 Theobalds Road, London WC1X 8TA, UK. E-mail:
| | | | - Simon Steenson
- are employed by the British Nutrition Foundation, London, UK
| | - Ayela Spiro
- are employed by the British Nutrition Foundation, London, UK
| | - Sara A Stanner
- are employed by the British Nutrition Foundation, London, UK
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14
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Jiwani R, Robbins R, Neri A, Renero J, Lopez E, Serra MC. Effect of Dietary Intake Through Whole Foods on Cognitive Function: Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:146-160. [PMID: 35334104 PMCID: PMC11110908 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review evaluated recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the chronic intake of whole foods associated with the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurogenerative Delay (MIND), and ketogenic (KETO) diets on cognitive function. RECENT FINDINGS We identified RCTs related to olive oil (N = 3), nuts (N = 7), fatty fish (N = 1), lean meats (N = 4), fruits and vegetables (N = 9), legumes (N = 1), and low-fat dairy (N = 4), with 26/29 reporting positive results on at least one measure of cognition. We also identified 6 RCTs related to whole food-induced KETO diets, with half reporting positive effects on cognition. Variations in study design (i.e., generally the studies are < 6 months and include middle-aged and older, cognitively intact participants) and small sample sizes make it difficult to draw conclusions across studies; however, the current evidence from RCTs generally supports individual component intakes of these dietary patterns as an effective, nonpharmacological approach to improve cognitive health in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozmin Jiwani
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ronna Robbins
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alfonso Neri
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jose Renero
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Emme Lopez
- Dolph Briscoe, Jr. Library, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Monica C Serra
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
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15
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Bioactive Compounds and Their Derivatives: An Insight into Prospective Phytotherapeutic Approach against Alzheimer’s Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5100904. [PMID: 35450410 PMCID: PMC9017558 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative brain disorder that causes cellular response alterations, such as impaired cholinergic mechanism, amyloid-beta (Aβ) AD aggregation, neuroinflammation, and several other pathways. AD is still the most prevalent form of dementia and affects many individuals across the globe. The exact cause of the disorder is obscure. There are yet no effective medications for halting, preventing, or curing AD's progress. Plenty of natural products are isolated from several sources and analyzed in preclinical and clinical settings for neuroprotective effects in preventing and treating AD. In addition, natural products and their derivatives have been promising in treating and preventing AD. Natural bioactive compounds play an active modulatory role in the pathological molecular mechanisms of AD development. This review focuses on natural products from plant sources and their derivatives that have demonstrated neuroprotective activities and maybe promising to treat and prevent AD. In addition, this article summarizes the literature pertaining to natural products as agents in the treatment of AD. Rapid metabolism, nonspecific targeting, low solubility, lack of BBB permeability, and limited bioavailability are shortcomings of most bioactive molecules in treating AD. We can use nanotechnology and nanocarriers based on different types of approaches.
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16
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Song Z, Dong F, Liu Y, Liu G, Li B, Pang X, An K, Li D, Chen S, Xing W, Xu X. The Association of High-Frequency Nut Intake With a Low Risk of Psychological Problems in Female Methamphetamine Users. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:878859. [PMID: 36046161 PMCID: PMC9421136 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.878859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent years have witnessed a gradual increase in the number of female methamphetamine users. Meanwhile, female methamphetamine users are more likely to have psychological problems than male methamphetamine users. The association between diet and psychological problems have been found among non-methamphetamine user. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary intake frequency and psychological problems in female methamphetamine users. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 109 female methamphetamine users, collected from a Compulsory Isolated Drug Rehabilitation Centre in northern China, participated in the study. All participants completed the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) questionnaire to assess psychological status. The relation of dietary intake frequency with the SCL-90 score was tested in partial correlation analysis. Multivariable regression models were used to calculate odds ratios to evaluate the association of dietary intake frequency with psychological problems. RESULTS Of the current female methamphetamine population, 33 participants were diagnosed with psychological problems using SCL-90. In the terms of dietary intake frequency, the frequency of nut intake in the psychiatric symptom group was significantly lower than that in the asymptomatic group. However, there was no difference in the frequency of other food intakes between the two groups. The frequency of nut intake was negatively correlated with the total score of SCL-90 and 8 different symptom clusters of psychopathologies on SCL-90. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the increased frequency of nut intake was associated with a lower risk of psychological problems. CONCLUSION In the female methamphetamine population, increasing the frequency of nut intake may reduce the risk of psychological problems for female methamphetamine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Song
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Fang Dong
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Guanhua Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Baohua Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiuyu Pang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Kang An
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Weijia Xing
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Xizhu Xu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
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17
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Cahoon D, Shertukde SP, Avendano EE, Tanprasertsuk J, Scott TM, Johnson EJ, Chung M, Nirmala N. Walnut intake, cognitive outcomes and risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 2021; 53:971-997. [PMID: 34132152 PMCID: PMC8211141 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1925955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walnuts contain nutrients that are associated with improved cognitive health. To our knowledge, no review has systematically examined the effects of walnuts on cognitive function and risk for cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of walnut intake on cognition-related outcomes and risk-factors for cognitive decline in adults. METHODS Medline®, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies published until April 2020 on walnut intake, cognition (e.g. cognitive function, stroke, and mood), and selected risk factors for cognitive decline (e.g. glucose homeostasis and inflammation). Risk-of-bias and strength-of-evidence assessments were conducted using standard validated tools. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted when ≥3 studies reported quantitative data for each outcome. RESULTS 32 RCT and 7 observational study publications were included. Meta-analysis of cognition-related outcomes could not be conducted due to heterogeneity of tests. None of the 5 cognition RCTs found significant effects of walnuts on overall cognition, although 3 studies found improvements on subdomains and/or subgroups. All 7 observational studies found significant associations and a dose-response relationship between walnut intake and cognition-related outcomes. Meta-analyses of 27 RCTs reporting glucose homeostasis and inflammation outcomes, selected risk factors for cognitive decline, did not show significant effects of walnut intake. CONCLUSIONS Due to the non-uniformity of tests for cognition-related outcomes, definitive conclusions regarding the effect of walnut consumption on cognition could not be reached. Additionally, evidence does not show associations between walnut intake and glucose homeostasis or inflammation, cognitive decline risk-factors. High-quality studies with standardized measures are needed to clarify the role of walnuts in cognitive health.KEY MESSAGESThis is a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5 randomized clinical trials and 7 observational study articles of the impact of walnut intake on cognition decline and 27 randomized clinical trials of the effect of walnut intake on risk factors for cognitive decline including glucose homeostasis and inflammation.The non-uniformity of tests performed to measure cognitive function in the various studies did not allow for a meta-analysis of these studies. A definitive conclusion could therefore not be reached regarding the effect of walnut intake on cognitive decline.The evidence available does not show an association between walnut intake and glucose homeostasis or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cahoon
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shruti P. Shertukde
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esther E. Avendano
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jirayu Tanprasertsuk
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tammy M. Scott
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Johnson
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei Chung
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nanguneri Nirmala
- Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA , USA
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18
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Parilli-Moser I, Domínguez-López I, Trius-Soler M, Castellví M, Bosch B, Castro-Barquero S, Estruch R, Hurtado-Barroso S, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Consumption of peanut products improves memory and stress response in healthy adults from the ARISTOTLE study: A 6-month randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5556-5567. [PMID: 34656952 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanuts are rich in bioactive compounds that may have a positive impact on memory and stress response. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of regular consumption of peanut products on cognitive functions and stress response in healthy young adults. DESIGN A three-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in 63 healthy young adults that consumed 25 g/day of skin roasted peanuts (SRP, n = 21), 32 g/d of peanut butter (PB, n = 23) or 32 g/d of a control butter made from peanut oil (free of phenolic compounds and fiber) (CB, n = 19) for six months. Polyphenol intake, cognitive functions, and anxiety and depression scores were evaluated using validated tests. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and plasma and fecal fatty acids were assessed by chromatographic methods. Urinary cortisol was quantified by an enzymatic method. RESULTS Comparing the two interventions with the control, a significant reduction in anxiety scores was observed in the SRP compared to the CB group. After the intervention, consumers of SRP and PB had an improved immediate memory (p = 0.046 and p = 0.011). Lower anxiety scores were associated with SRP and PB (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively) and lower depression scores with SRP, PB and CB (p = 0.007, p = 0.003 and p = 0.032, respectively). Memory functions and stress response were significantly correlated with polyphenol intake, fecal SCFAs, plasma and fecal very long chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs). CONCLUSIONS Regular peanut and peanut butter consumption may enhance memory function and stress response in a healthy young population. These effects seem to be associated with the intake of peanut polyphenols, increased levels of fecal SCFAs, and unexpectedly, VLCSFAs, which were also present in the control product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Parilli-Moser
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inés Domínguez-López
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Trius-Soler
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Magda Castellví
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Higher Habitual Nuts Consumption Is Associated with Better Cognitive Function among Qatari Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103580. [PMID: 34684580 PMCID: PMC8538871 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between nuts intake and cognitive function is inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association between habitual nuts consumption and cognition among Qatari adults. Data from 1000 participants aged >20 years who attended Qatar Biobank (QBB) were used. Nuts consumption was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Blood samples were measured for magnesium, lipids and glucose. Mean reaction time (MRT) was used as an indicator of cognitive function. Linear regression was used to assess the association. A total of 21.1% of the participants reported consuming nuts ≥4-6 times/week (high consumption) while 40.2% reported consuming ≤1 time/month (low consumption). The mean MRT was 715.6 milliseconds (SD 204.1). An inverse association was found between nuts consumption and MRT. Compared to those with a low consumption, high consumption of nuts had a regression coefficient of -36.9 (95% CI -68.1 to -5.8) after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The inverse association between nuts and MRT was mainly seen among those >50 years. There was an interaction between nuts consumption and hypertension. The association between nuts consumption and MRT was not mediated by hypertension, diabetes, or serum magnesium. Habitual higher consumption of nuts is positively associated with cognitive function, especially among old adults.
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20
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Dickinson DL, Garbuio C. The influence of dietary patterns on outcomes in a Bayesian choice task. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e369. [PMID: 34541333 PMCID: PMC8439430 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous research has investigated the impact of diet on cognition, but the focus has often been on general cognition. This paper reports on a preregistered cross-sectional study aimed at testing for specific executive function differences across individuals who self-reported one of four distinct dietary patterns: No Diet, No Sugar, Vegetarian, or Mediterranean Diet pattern. Our hypotheses were aimed at testing whether adherence to a specialty diet improved decision making relative to those who reported following No Diet. METHODS We administered an incentivized Bayesian choice task to all participants. The task involved multiple components of information-existing information (base rate odds) as well as new information (sample draw evidence)-to allow a test of how these information components were used in making probability assessments, and how this may differ by self-reported dietary pattern. Sample size, hypotheses, and analysis plans were all determined ex ante and registered on the Open Science Framework. Multi-variate linear and non-linear estimation methods were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Our data failed to support our pre-registered hypotheses. In fact, we found some evidence that self-reported adherence to a specialty No Sugar Diet was associated with a reduced decision accuracy and was connected to an increased imbalance in how the participant weighted the two available sources of information when making choices. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that decision making is nuanced among dietary groups, but that short-term incentivized decisions in an ecologically valid field setting are likely not improved solely by following promoted dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean or Vegetarian diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Dickinson
- Department of Economics and CERPAAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
- Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)BonnGermany
- Economic Science Institute (ESI), Chapman UniversityOrangeCaliforniaUSA
| | - Caleb Garbuio
- Department of EconomicsAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
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21
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Gervasi T, Barreca D, Laganà G, Mandalari G. Health Benefits Related to Tree Nut Consumption and Their Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115960. [PMID: 34073096 PMCID: PMC8198490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term studies with regular tree nut consumption have indicated positive outcomes for multiple health benefits. Here, we review the beneficial effects of tree nuts, highlighting the impact on glucose modulation, body weight management, cardiovascular risk, inflammation, oxidative stress, cognitive performance, and gut microbiota. Nuts are important sources of nutrients and phytochemicals, which, together with a healthy lipid profile, could help prevent certain chronic diseases, protect against oxidative stress and inflammation, and improve cognitive performance, thus reducing the impact of aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)906765187
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.)
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22
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Chen X, Drew J, Berney W, Lei W. Neuroprotective Natural Products for Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1309. [PMID: 34070275 PMCID: PMC8225186 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the number one neurovegetative disease, but its treatment options are relatively few and ineffective. In efforts to discover new strategies for AD therapy, natural products have aroused interest in the research community and in the pharmaceutical industry for their neuroprotective activity, targeting different pathological mechanisms associated with AD. A wide variety of natural products from different origins have been evaluated preclinically and clinically for their neuroprotective mechanisms in preventing and attenuating the multifactorial pathologies of AD. This review mainly focuses on the possible neuroprotective mechanisms from natural products that may be beneficial in AD treatment and the natural product mixtures or extracts from different sources that have demonstrated neuroprotective activity in preclinical and/or clinical studies. It is believed that natural product mixtures or extracts containing multiple bioactive compounds that can work additively or synergistically to exhibit multiple neuroprotective mechanisms might be an effective approach in AD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Joshua Drew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Wren Berney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC 29325, USA
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23
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Melzer TM, Manosso LM, Yau SY, Gil-Mohapel J, Brocardo PS. In Pursuit of Healthy Aging: Effects of Nutrition on Brain Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5026. [PMID: 34068525 PMCID: PMC8126018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consuming a balanced, nutritious diet is important for maintaining health, especially as individuals age. Several studies suggest that consuming a diet rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory components such as those found in fruits, nuts, vegetables, and fish may reduce age-related cognitive decline and the risk of developing various neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies have been published over the last decade focusing on nutrition and how this impacts health. The main objective of the current article is to review the data linking the role of diet and nutrition with aging and age-related cognitive decline. Specifically, we discuss the roles of micronutrients and macronutrients and provide an overview of how the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis and nutrition impact brain function in general and cognitive processes in particular during aging. We propose that dietary interventions designed to optimize the levels of macro and micronutrients and maximize the functioning of the microbiota-gut-brain axis can be of therapeutic value for improving cognitive functioning, particularly during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayza Martins Melzer
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil;
| | - Luana Meller Manosso
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma 88806-000, SC, Brazil;
| | - Suk-yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Patricia S. Brocardo
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil;
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24
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Plant Foods Rich in Antioxidants and Human Cognition: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050714. [PMID: 33946461 PMCID: PMC8147117 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress can compromise central nervous system integrity, thereby affecting cognitive ability. Consumption of plant foods rich in antioxidants could thereby protect cognition. We systematically reviewed the literature exploring the effects of antioxidant-rich plant foods on cognition. Thirty-one studies were included: 21 intervention, 4 cross-sectional (one with a cohort in prospective observation as well), and 6 prospective studies. Subjects belonged to various age classes (young, adult, and elderly). Some subjects examined were healthy, some had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and some others were demented. Despite the different plant foods and the cognitive assessments used, the results can be summarized as follows: 7 studies reported a significant improvement in all cognitive domains examined; 19 found significant improvements only in some cognitive areas, or only for some food subsets; and 5 showed no significant improvement or no effectiveness. The impact of dietary plant antioxidants on cognition appears promising: most of the examined studies showed associations with significant beneficial effects on cognitive functions-in some cases global or only in some specific domains. There was typically an acute, preventive, or therapeutic effect in young, adult, and elderly people, whether they were healthy, demented, or affected by MCI. Their effects, however, are not attributable only to anti-oxidation.
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25
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Nuts and Older Adults' Health: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041848. [PMID: 33672861 PMCID: PMC7918786 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the beneficial effects of nuts on cardiometabolic diseases have been well established, little is known about the effects of nuts on age-related diseases. Given that age-related diseases share many biological pathways with cardiometabolic diseases, it is plausible that diets rich in nuts might be beneficial in ameliorating age-related conditions. The objective of this review was to summarise the findings from studies that have examined the associations or effects of nut consumption, either alone or as part of the dietary pattern, on three major age-related factors—telomere length, sarcopenia, and cognitive function—in older adults. Overall, the currently available evidence suggests that nut consumption, particularly when consumed as part of a healthy diet or over a prolonged period, is associated with positive outcomes such as longer telomere length, reduced risk of sarcopenia, and better cognition in older adults. Future studies that are interventional, long-term, and adequately powered are required to draw definitive conclusions on the effects of nut consumption on age-related diseases, in order to inform dietary recommendations to incorporate nuts into the habitual diet of older adults.
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26
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Ni ZJ, Zhang YG, Chen SX, Thakur K, Wang S, Zhang JG, Shang YF, Wei ZJ. Exploration of walnut components and their association with health effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5113-5129. [PMID: 33567903 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1881439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, walnuts have occupied an imperative position in the functional food market with consistently recognized nutritious and functional properties. In the past years, the lipid profile of walnuts has brought much scientific attention via linking a cascade of biological attributes and health-promoting effects. Over time, researchers have focused on diversified composition (polyphenols and vitamins) of different parts of walnut (flower, pellicle, and kernel) and emphasized their physiological significance. Consequently, a plethora of reports has emerged on the potential role of walnut consumption against a series of diseases including cancer, gut dysbiosis, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we accumulated the updated data on composition and classification, extraction methods, and utilization of different parts of walnuts as well as associated beneficial effects under in vivo and clinical studies. Altogether, this review summarized the ameliorative effects of a walnut-enriched diet in chronic diseases which can be designated to the synergistic or individual effects of walnut components mainly through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jing Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ge Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Xiong Chen
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fang Shang
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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27
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Walnut Kernel administration to mothers during pregnancy and lactation improve learning of their pups. Changes in number of neurons and gene expression of NMDA receptor and BDNF in hippocampus in 80 days rat pups. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2020-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia) from the Juglandaceae family contains high levels of omega 3 fatty acid, vitamin E and melatonin, hence its consumption is beneficial to would be mothers and their offspring. The current study was designed to determine the possible mechanism of walnut consumption by mothers during pregnancy and lactation and the positive effects on learning and memory processes in their offspring. Wistar adult female rats were placed into three groups: control (fed with pellet, 20 g daily during pregnancy and lactation), CASE 1 [fed with Walnut Kernel (WK) 6% of food intake during pregnancy and lactation] and CASE 2 (fed with WK, 9% of food intake during gestation and lactation). In order to evaluate offspring learning and memory, the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was performed for their adult offspring at 80 days of age. Histological and molecular studies were utilized in order to discover the protective mechanism and efficacy of WK consumption. The results revealed that learning was significantly improved in the females of CASE 2, in comparison to controls, while there was no difference in memory among the different groups. In addition, the number of neurons significantly increased in the CASE 2 group compared to the control group. However, the molecular study demonstrated that there was no significant difference among the study groups. The results herein show that feeding mothers with WK may improve the learning competence of their pups and increase the number of neurons in both sexes.
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28
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Julvez J, Gignac F, Fernández-Barrés S, Romaguera D, Sala-Vila A, Ranzani OT, Persavento C, Delgado A, Carol A, Torrent J, Gonzalez J, Roso E, Barrera-Gómez J, López-Vicente M, Garcia-Esteban R, Boucher O, Forns J, Burgaleta M, Sebastián N, Canals J, Arija V, Basagaña X, Ros E, Vendrell J, Salas-Salvadó J, Sunyer J. Walnuts, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Adolescent Brain Development: Protocol for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:593847. [PMID: 34169045 PMCID: PMC8217431 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.593847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescence, when the most complex behaviors are refined to adult sophistication, represents a major window of opportunity and vulnerability for neuropsychological development. To support and protect this complex and active brain growth, different nutritional components considered essential need to be acquired from the diet. For instance, omega-3 fatty acids are mainly obtained from seafood, seeds, and walnuts. Known for their rich lipid profile, walnuts contain sizable amounts of an essential fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the vegetable omega-3 fatty acid that is the precursor of two longer-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA): docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids. While there is growing evidence of neuropsychological improvements in the young developing brain associated with omega-3 PUFA intake, few studies have examined whether consuming walnuts during adolescence entails similar beneficial effects. There is a need to further explore the ways in which walnuts influence youthful brain function, particularly for the long-term. Thus, we designed the WALNUTs study (WSS), a population-based randomized controlled trial conducted in adolescents in Barcelona, Spain. We hypothesize that walnut intake will increase omega-3 PUFA tissue availability (particularly ALA) to a level that enhances the neuropsychological development during adolescence. Methodology/Design: We conducted a 6-month population-based randomized controlled trial in teenagers (n = 800) and we aimed to determine the effectiveness of the intervention (four walnuts per day, or 30 kernel g, ~1.5g of ALA) in enhancing brain neuropsychological and socio-emotional development compared to a control group with no walnut intervention. Before randomization, different neuropsychological tests were recorded for all participants, and blood samples (in a subsample of participants) were collected to measure omega-3 PUFA levels at baseline, and all again, after randomization and the intervention. The data is now collected and we will conduct linear regression models to assess the effect of the intervention. Discussion: The WALNUTs (WSS) study results will allow us to better understand the role of plant-based omega-3 PUFA intake from regular walnut consumption on neuropsychological development during adolescence. Results could be translated into nutritional public health recommendations targeting teenagers. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health # NCT02590848. Retrospectively registered 29/10/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Julvez
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Florence Gignac
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Fernández-Barrés
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Barcelonaßeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Otavio T Ranzani
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Persavento
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Delgado
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Carol
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Torrent
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Gonzalez
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Roso
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Barrera-Gómez
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica López-Vicente
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Garcia-Esteban
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joan Forns
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Josefina Canals
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health, (NUTRISAM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health, (NUTRISAM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Theodore LE, Kellow NJ, McNeil EA, Close EO, Coad EG, Cardoso BR. Nut Consumption for Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:777-792. [PMID: 33330927 PMCID: PMC8166568 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is considered an important modifiable lifestyle factor capable of attenuating early cognitive changes in healthy older people. The inclusion of nuts in the diet has been investigated as a dietary strategy for maintenance of brain health across the lifespan. This review aimed to present up-to-date evidence regarding the association between nut intake and cognitive performance. Four databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus, and Embase) were systematically searched from inception to April 2020. Eligible articles were interventional or observational studies in humans aged ≥18 y that measured the effects (or association) of nuts (almond, hazelnut, macadamia, pistachio, walnut, pecan, pine nut, Brazil nut, cashew, peanut) on cognitive outcomes. Out of the 2374 articles identified in the searches, 22 involving 43,793 participants met the criteria and were ultimately included in this review. Memory (immediate and delayed), attention, processing speed, executive function, and visual-spatial ability, as well as risk of mild cognitive impairment, were the outcomes investigated. Lack of consistency across the studies regarding study design, types of nut used, and cognitive outcomes measured resulted in inconsistent evidence that the regular consumption of mixed nuts has a protective effect on cognition in adults of different ages. Nonetheless, we observed that studies targeting populations with a higher risk of cognitive decline tended to find a more favorable outcome. Furthermore, homogeneous findings were observed in the studies that specifically addressed the association between walnut consumption and cognitive performance: out of the 6 studies, including 2 randomized controlled trials, only 1 did not find a positive association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Theodore
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole J Kellow
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily A McNeil
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evangeline O Close
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eliza G Coad
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Darooghegi Mofrad M, Siassi F, Guilani B, Bellissimo N, Suitor K, Azadbakht L. The association of food quality index with mental health in women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:557. [PMID: 33298144 PMCID: PMC7726882 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Diet is a fundamental modifiable risk factor for the development of depression and anxiety. However, no evidence currently exists regarding the association of food quality score (FQS) and mental health in Iranian women. This study investigated the relationship between food quality score, depression, anxiety and stress in Iranian women. Results Results showed that 35%, 41% and 42% of participants had depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. The average age of participants was 31.40 ± 7.47 years. A significant association was indicated between FQS and symptoms of depression (OR: 0.36; 95% CI 0.21, 0.63), anxiety (OR: 0.31; 95% CI 0.18, 0.53), and stress (OR: 0.39; 95% CI 0.23, 0.66) in both crude and adjusted models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manije Darooghegi Mofrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Siassi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Guilani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
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Abstract
Walnuts have high levels of the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3, ALA) and the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid (C18:2n-6, LA). Previous research has demonstrated that pre-treatment of BV-2 microglia with walnut extract inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of microglia. As an extension of that study, the effects of walnut-associated fatty acids on BV-2 microglia were assessed. BV-2 murine microglia cells were treated with LA, ALA, or a combination of LA+ALA prior to or after exposure to LPS. Nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured in cell-conditioned media. Cyclooxeganse-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were assessed in BV-2 microglia. Both LA and ALA protected against LPS-induced increases in NO, iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-alpha when used before LPS exposure. When BV-2 microglia were treated with fatty acids after LPS, only COX-2 and TNF-alpha were significantly attenuated by the fatty acids. There was no synergism of LA+ALA, as the LA+ALA combination was no more effective than LA or ALA alone. Fatty acids, like those found in walnuts, may protect against production of cytotoxic intermediates and cell-signaling molecules from microglia and may prove beneficial for preventing age- or disease-related neurodegeneration.
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Arslan J, Gilani AUH, Jamshed H, Khan SF, Kamal MA. Edible Nuts for Memory. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4712-4720. [PMID: 32767923 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200806095649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuts hold prime significance throughout the world as they offer multiple health benefits owing to their highly nutritious profile. A number of scientific studies have demonstrated their actions against inflammation, oxidative damage, the aging process, as well as dementia or memory loss. However, only walnuts, followed by almonds, hazelnuts and pistachios, have shown promising results in empirical studies for memory improvements. So, the current review focuses on presenting hypotheses regarding anti-dementia property of nine different nuts: almond, walnut, pistachio, Brazil nut, peanut, pecans, cashew, hazelnut, and chestnut. The nutritious profile of nuts contains essential fats (mostly mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids), proteins (source for arginine, lysine and tryptophan), vitamins (riboflavin, folate, and various tocopherols), fibers, minerals (calcium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium) and trace elements (copper, zinc, and selenium). Interestingly, the constituents of natural products, nuts being an excellent example, work synergistically and/or in a side-effect neutralizing manner. These latter properties can make nuts an alternate therapy for humankind to fight against memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshed Arslan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Barrett Hodgson University, Karachi 74900, Pakistan
| | | | - Humaira Jamshed
- Department of Integrated Sciences and Mathematics, Dhanani School of Science and Engineering, Habib University, Karachi 75290, Pakistan
| | - Sumaiya F Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bioscience, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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Machado L. Understanding cognition and how it changes with aging, brain disease, and lifestyle choices. J R Soc N Z 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2020.1796102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Machado
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
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Investigating walnut consumption and cognitive trajectories in a representative sample of older US adults. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:1741-1752. [PMID: 32618237 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020001287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Existing research suggests walnut intake may be associated with better cognitive function in older adults, yet few studies utilise longitudinal data from observational studies of ageing populations. Our objective was to estimate the association between whole walnut intake and cognitive change in a representative sample of older Americans. DESIGN Secondary analysis of the Health and Retirement Study and Health Care and Nutrition Study. Walnut consumption was defined as a categorical measure (none, low intake (0·01-0·08 1 oz. servings per day) and moderate intake (>0·08 1 oz. servings per day)) and cognitive function was measured using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Latent growth modelling estimated the association between walnut consumption and trajectories of cognitive status over a 4-year observational period. Sensitivity analyses assessing non-random dropout and Monte Carlo power analyses were conducted to contextualise results. SETTING The USA. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 3632 US adults aged 65 years and older. RESULTS Those reporting any walnut consumption had greater cognitive scores at baseline than those not consuming walnuts (low walnut consumption, b = 1·53, se = 0·21, P < 0·001; moderate walnut consumption, b = 2·22, se = 0·27, P < 0·001), but walnut consumption was not associated with cognitive change. Walnut consumption was positively associated with socioeconomic status and health behaviours as well as intake of nutrients identified to have neuroprotective benefits. CONCLUSIONS We identified an association between walnut consumption and cognitive function in older adults, although we did not find that walnut consumption was protective against age-related cognitive decline.
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Coates AM, Morgillo S, Yandell C, Scholey A, Buckley JD, Dyer KA, Hill AM. Effect of a 12-Week Almond-Enriched Diet on Biomarkers of Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Cardiometabolic Health in Older Overweight Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1180. [PMID: 32340150 PMCID: PMC7230374 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long term nut consumption is associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease and better cognitive function. This study examined supplementing habitual diets with almonds or carbohydrate-rich snack foods (providing 15% energy) on biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health, mood and cognitive performance. Participants (overweight/obese, 50-80 years) were randomised to an almond-enriched diet (AED) or isocaloric nut-free diet (NFD) for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood lipids, glucose, insulin, blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness, cell adhesions molecules, C reactive protein (CRP), mood, and cognitive performance (working memory primary outcome), dietary profiles and energy intake/expenditure were measured at baseline and Week 12 in 128 participants (n = 63 AED, n = 65 NFD). Compared with NFD, AED was associated with altered macro and micronutrient profiles, but no differences in energy intake or expenditure. The AED significantly reduced triglycerides and SBP but there were no other changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers, mood, or cognitive performance. The inclusion of almonds in the diet improves aspects of cardiometabolic health without affecting cognitive performance or mood in overweight/obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Mary Coates
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia; (S.M.); (C.Y.); (J.D.B.); (K.A.D.)
- Alliance for Research in Nutrition, Exercise and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia;
| | - Samantha Morgillo
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia; (S.M.); (C.Y.); (J.D.B.); (K.A.D.)
- Alliance for Research in Nutrition, Exercise and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia;
| | - Catherine Yandell
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia; (S.M.); (C.Y.); (J.D.B.); (K.A.D.)
- Alliance for Research in Nutrition, Exercise and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia;
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, VIC, Australia;
| | - Jonathan David Buckley
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia; (S.M.); (C.Y.); (J.D.B.); (K.A.D.)
- Alliance for Research in Nutrition, Exercise and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia;
| | - Kathryn Ann Dyer
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia; (S.M.); (C.Y.); (J.D.B.); (K.A.D.)
- Alliance for Research in Nutrition, Exercise and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia;
| | - Alison Marie Hill
- Alliance for Research in Nutrition, Exercise and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia;
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia
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Sala-Vila A, Valls-Pedret C, Rajaram S, Coll-Padrós N, Cofán M, Serra-Mir M, Pérez-Heras AM, Roth I, Freitas-Simoes TM, Doménech M, Calvo C, López-Illamola A, Bitok E, Buxton NK, Huey L, Arechiga A, Oda K, Lee GJ, Corella D, Vaqué-Alcázar L, Sala-Llonch R, Bartrés-Faz D, Sabaté J, Ros E. Effect of a 2-year diet intervention with walnuts on cognitive decline. The Walnuts And Healthy Aging (WAHA) study: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:590-600. [PMID: 31912155 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walnut consumption counteracts oxidative stress and inflammation, 2 drivers of cognitive decline. Clinical data concerning effects on cognition are lacking. OBJECTIVES The Walnuts And Healthy Aging study is a 2-center (Barcelona, Spain; Loma Linda, CA) randomized controlled trial examining the cognitive effects of a 2-y walnut intervention in cognitively healthy elders. METHODS We randomly allocated 708 free-living elders (63-79 y, 68% women) to a diet enriched with walnuts at ∼15% energy (30-60 g/d) or a control diet (abstention from walnuts). We administered a comprehensive neurocognitive test battery at baseline and 2 y. Change in the global cognition composite was the primary outcome. We performed repeated structural and functional brain MRI in 108 Barcelona participants. RESULTS A total of 636 participants completed the intervention. Besides differences in nutrient intake, participants from Barcelona smoked more, were less educated, and had lower baseline neuropsychological test scores than those from Loma Linda. Walnuts were well tolerated and compliance was good. Modified intention-to-treat analyses (n = 657) uncovered no between-group differences in the global cognitive composite, with mean changes of -0.072 (95% CI: -0.100, -0.043) in the walnut diet group and -0.086 (95% CI: -0.115, -0.057) in the control diet group (P = 0.491). Post hoc analyses revealed significant differences in the Barcelona cohort, with unadjusted changes of -0.037 (95% CI: -0.077, 0.002) in the walnut group and -0.097 (95% CI: -0.137, -0.057) in controls (P = 0.040). Results of brain fMRI in a subset of Barcelona participants indicated greater functional network recruitment in a working memory task in controls. CONCLUSIONS Walnut supplementation for 2 y had no effect on cognition in healthy elders. However, brain fMRI and post hoc analyses by site suggest that walnuts might delay cognitive decline in subgroups at higher risk. These encouraging but inconclusive results warrant further investigation, particularly targeting disadvantaged populations, in whom greatest benefit could be expected.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01634841.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Sala-Vila
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Barcelonaßeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Nina Coll-Padrós
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Pérez-Heras
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Roth
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania M Freitas-Simoes
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Doménech
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Calvo
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna López-Illamola
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edward Bitok
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Natalie K Buxton
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lynnley Huey
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Adam Arechiga
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Keiji Oda
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Grace J Lee
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lídia Vaqué-Alcázar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Sala-Llonch
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Chauhan A, Chauhan V. Beneficial Effects of Walnuts on Cognition and Brain Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020550. [PMID: 32093220 PMCID: PMC7071526 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have important roles in the aging process, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and other brain disorders. Amyloid beta protein (Aβ) is the main component of amyloid plaques in the brains of people with AD. Several studies suggest that Aβ increases the generation of free radicals in neurons, which leads to oxidative damage and cell death. Aβ can also induce neuroinflammation by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Walnuts contain several components that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Animal and human studies from our and other groups suggest that supplementation with walnuts in the diet may improve cognition and reduce the risk and/or progression of MCI and AD. In the transgenic AD mouse model (AD-tg), we have reported the beneficial effects of a diet with walnuts on memory, learning, motor coordination, anxiety, and locomotor activity. Human clinical trials have also suggested an association of walnut consumption with better cognitive performance and improvement in memory when compared to baseline in adults. Our recent study in AD-tg mice has shown that a walnut-enriched diet significantly improves antioxidant defense and decreases free radicals’ levels, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation when compared to a control diet without walnuts. These findings suggest that a diet with walnuts can reduce oxidative stress by decreasing the generation of free radicals and by boosting antioxidant defense, thus resulting in decreased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. An in vitro study with synthetic Aβ showed that walnut extract can inhibit Aβ fibrillization and solubilize the preformed Aβ fibrils, suggesting an anti-amyloidogenic property of walnuts. Because it takes many years for cognitive impairment and dementia to develop, we suggest that early and long-term dietary supplementation with walnuts may help to maintain cognitive functions and may reduce the risk of developing, or delay the onset and/or slow the progression of, MCI and dementia by decreasing Aβ fibrillization, reducing oxidative damage, increasing antioxidant defense, and decreasing neuroinflammation. Furthermore, several animal and human studies have suggested that walnuts may also decrease the risk or progression of other brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and depression, as well as of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Together, these reports suggest the benefits of a walnut-enriched diet in brain disorders and in other chronic diseases, due to the additive or synergistic effects of walnut components for protection against oxidative stress and inflammation in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Chauhan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-494-5258; Fax: +1-718-698-7916
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Can Improving the Nutritional Content of Bread Enhance Cognition? Cognitive Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-019-00149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Introduction Antioxidant-rich diet patterns could contribute to the prevention and treatment of early stages of dementia. Nuts have an appreciable antioxidant load and there is evidence of their positive effects on several chronic diseases incidence and death rates. Moreover, they are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which might also play a positive role in neurogenesis. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence from studies related to the effects of nut consumption on cognitive function among adults. We conducted a systematic search of articles published in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 19 articles met the inclusion criteria (seven cross-sectional, four prospective cohorts and eight experimental); these were independently extracted and reviewed by two reviewers. The evidence from the cross-sectional and cohort studies was uncertain, due to the disparity of results and risk of bias. However, in most experimental studies a protective effect of nut consumption on some dimension of cognitive function was observed and the methodological quality of these studies was acceptable. In addition, the effects appear to be independent of nut type, amount of intake, age and baseline status of subjects. In summary, these results suggest that the inclusion of daily nut consumption in the healthy diet pattern of adults could have positive effects on their cognitive function. Nevertheless, more well-designed longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to provide strength to this suggestive evidence.
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Liu M, Yang S, Yang J, Lee Y, Kou J, Wang C. Neuroprotective and Memory-Enhancing Effects of Antioxidant Peptide From Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Protein Hydrolysates. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19865838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides have been reported to possess interesting biological properties. The present study was designed to evaluate neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects of antioxidant peptide from walnut ( Juglans regia L.) protein hydrolysates. The neuroprotective effect of walnut peptide (WP) against oxidative stress on PC12 cells was evaluated. And zebrafish was used as the model to corroborate the effect. Its effect on learning and memory of mice using the Morris water maze and the step-down passive avoidance tests were performed. Moreover, the acute toxicity of WP was carried out to assess its safety profile. It was found that WP was able to suppress H2O2-induced cell death in PC12 cells. In the zebrafish model, WP had an obvious neuroprotective effect, and the ratio reached 42% at 222 µg/mL. The mechanism study revealed that WP could inhibit the activity of caspases 3/7 and 8, reduce the mRNA expression levels of Bax and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and improve the mRNA expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor significantly. Besides, the treatment of mice with WP shortened the escape latency and exhibited much longer target time and more crossing times significantly, compared with untreated control groups in the Morris water maze test. Similarly, the step-down passive avoidance test showed that WP could ameliorate memory impairments. The administrated dose (20.1 g/kg body weight [BW]) did not produce mortality or treatment-related adverse effects with regard to BW, general behavior, or relative organ weights of the tested male and female mice. The current results indicated that WP could exert neuroprotective effect, and attenuated learning and memory impairments. These ameliorating effects of WP may be useful for treatment of memory impairment in Alzheimer’s and its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Liu
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Yang
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yita Lee
- R&D Center, Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ilan, Republic of China
| | - Junping Kou
- Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaojih Wang
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
- R&D Center, Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ilan, Republic of China
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Maternal nut intake in pregnancy and child neuropsychological development up to 8 years old: a population-based cohort study in Spain. Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 34:661-673. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Ozyigit II, Uras ME, Yalcin IE, Severoglu Z, Demir G, Borkoev B, Salieva K, Yucel S, Erturk U, Solak AO. Heavy Metal Levels and Mineral Nutrient Status of Natural Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Populations in Kyrgyzstan: Nutritional Values of Kernels. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:277-290. [PMID: 30146669 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, mineral nutrient and heavy metal (Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn) contents of the walnut kernels and their co-located soil samples collected from the four different zones of natural walnut forests (Sary-Chelek, Arslanbap, and Kara-Alma in Jalal-Abad Region and Kara-Shoro in Osh Region) in Kyrgyzstan were investigated. The highest concentrations for all elements determined in the soil samples were observed in the Sary-Chelek zone whereas the Arslanbap zone was found to be having the lowest concentrations except Fe and Zn. The highest concentrations in the kernels of walnut samples were found to be in the Sary-Chelek zone for Ca, Fe, K, Mg, and Zn; in the Kara-Shoro zone for Cu; in the Arslanbap zone for Mn; and in the Kara-Alma zone for Na whereas the lowest concentrations were found to be in the Arslanbap zone for Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, and Zn and in the Sary-Chelek zone for Cu and Mn, respectively. Also, the levels of Al, Cd, Ni, and Pb in kernel samples could not be detected by ICP-OES because their levels were lower than the threshold detection point (10 μg.kg-1). Additionally, our data indicated that the walnut kernels from Kyrgyzstan have higher values for RDA (recommended daily allowances) in comparison with the walnut kernels from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Mehmet Emin Uras
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ertugrul Yalcin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeki Severoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goksel Demir
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Kirklareli University, Kayali, Kirklareli, Turkey
| | - Bakyt Borkoev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Kalipa Salieva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Sevil Yucel
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umran Erturk
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Solak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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An L, Sun Y, Zhang W, Huang X, Xue R, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Walnut diets up-regulate the decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and age-related cognitive dysfunction in d-galactose induced aged rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:4755-4762. [PMID: 30101966 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, dietary intervention has been considered as a prospective strategy in delaying age-related cognitive dysfunction and brain plasticity degeneration. This study explored the effect of walnut diets (6% and 9%, 8 weeks) on cognitive behavior, hippocampal neurogenesis and the neurotrophic signaling pathway in d-galactose (d-gal) model rats. Behavioral tests showed that walnut diets significantly reversed spatial memory loss in the Morris water test, locomotor activity deficiency in an open field test, and a recognition behavior reduction in a novel object recognition task. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated walnut diets significantly increased the hippocampal neurogenesis in d-gal model rats. Moreover, western blot results indicated that walnut diets reserved a d-gal induced decrease of hippocampal pCREB (Ser133) and BDNF expression, two crucial intracellular molecules involved in hippocampal neurogenesis. These findings confirmed that chronic walnut-rich diets could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in d-gal model rats, and the up-regulation of neurogenesis, as well as the expression of pCREB and BDNF in hippocampus, may be one of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Gorji N, Moeini R, Memariani Z. Almond, hazelnut and walnut, three nuts for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease: A neuropharmacological review of their bioactive constituents. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:115-127. [PMID: 29208493 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder is an almost obvious issue in the world. Researches on natural products for finding effective drugs to prevent the disease are in progress. There is special attention to the three types of nuts including almond, hazelnut and walnut in manuscripts of traditional Persian medicine (PM) as the preventive agents against brainatrophy and memory loss. The purpose of this study is a pharmacological review of their bioactive constituents and introducing the value of these nuts as the effective supplements and natural medicinal foods in AD patients. Databases including PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched in title, abstract and keywords from year 2000 to present for AD-related researches on these tree nuts, their major phytochemicals and their mechanisms of action. As result, almond, hazelnut and walnut provide macronutrients, micronutrients, and phytochemicals which affect several pathways in AD pathogenesis such as amyloidogenesis, tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress, cholinergic pathways, and some non-target mechanisms including cholesterol lowering and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as effect on neurogenesis. These nuts are recommended in PM for their brain-protective activity and particularly reversing brain atrophy in case of hazelnut. The therapeutical statements of PM scholars mentioned in their books are based on their clinical observations with support of a long history of experiences. Beyond the molecular activities attributed to the phytochemicals, the use of these tree nuts could be more considered in scientific researches as the effective nutrients for prevention or even management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Gorji
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reihaneh Moeini
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Zhang L, Wang S. Bacterial community diversity on in-shell walnut surfaces from six representative provinces in China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10054. [PMID: 28855583 PMCID: PMC5577159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnuts (Juglans regia) have been associated with foodborne illness outbreaks in recent years. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of bacteria on in-shell walnut surfaces from six representative provinces in China. The bacterial populations on walnut surfaces were investigated by high-throughput sequencing based on the bacterial 16 S rRNA hypervariable region V4. Twenty-eight samples were collected from fourteen regions in six provinces and harvested in different periods (the fresh in 2016 and the old in 2015). Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum in all samples except for XJ1. In XJ1, and the most abundant phylum was Cyanobacteria, which also accounted for a large proportion of the abundance in YN1, YN11, XJ2 and SC11. In addition, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were also the abundant phyla in the given samples. Some genera belonging to the opportunistic pathogens were detected, such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia and Bacillus. The results revealed that the composition and abundance of bacterial consortiums on walnut surfaces varied among the geographical sites where they were harvested. Moreover, the storage time of samples also had impact on the abundance of bacteria. This study may provide a better understanding of the bacterial communities' diversity on in-shell walnut surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shaojin Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. .,Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, USA.
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The effectiveness of healthy meals at work on reaction time, mood and dietary intake: a randomised cross-over study in daytime and shift workers at an university hospital. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:121-129. [PMID: 28820084 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451700191x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our dietary habits affect both cognitive performance and mood. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of increased availability of healthy meals and water at work on healthcare staff. The study used an 8-week randomised cross-over design. A total of sixty physicians, nurses and nursing assistants, including sixteen working on shifts, were recruited. The participants received a self-selected keyhole-labelled (Nordic nutrition label) lunch, snack and bottled water during each shift throughout the intervention period. Reaction time (Go/No-Go test), mood-related scores (POMS) and dietary intake were assessed at run-in, and at the end of the intervention and the control periods. The intake of fat (P=0·030) and PUFA (P=0·003) was lower, and the intake of carbohydrate (P=0·008), dietary fibre (P=0·031) and water (P<0·001) was greater in the intervention period than in the control period. The intervention had no effect on reaction time or any of the mood-related scores in the group as a whole. In shift-working participants, the intervention period resulted in a 31·1 % lower Fatigue-Inertia Score (P=0·003), a 15·3 % higher Vigour-Activity Score (P=0·041) and a 42·7 % lower Total Mood Disturbance Score (P=0·017), whereas the only dietary component that significantly improved was water intake (P=0·034), when compared with the control period. Providing healthy meals, snacks and water during working hours seems to be an effective way of improving employees' dietary intake. Moreover, increased intake of water may be associated with beneficial effects on fatigue, vigour and total mood in shift-working healthcare staff.
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Farina N, Llewellyn D, Isaac MGEKN, Tabet N. Vitamin E for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 4:CD002854. [PMID: 28418065 PMCID: PMC6478142 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002854.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E occurs naturally in the diet. It has several biological activities, including functioning as an antioxidant to scavenge toxic free radicals. Evidence that free radicals may contribute to the pathological processes behind cognitive impairment has led to interest in the use of vitamin E supplements to treat mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2000, and previously updated in 2006 and 2012. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of vitamin E in the treatment of MCI and dementia due to AD. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group (ALOIS), the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS as well as many trials databases and grey literature sources on 22 April 2016 using the terms: "Vitamin E", vitamin-E, alpha-tocopherol. SELECTION CRITERIA We included all double-blind, randomised trials in which treatment with any dose of vitamin E was compared with placebo in people with AD or MCI. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We rated the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. Where appropriate we attempted to contact authors to obtain missing information. MAIN RESULTS Four trials met the inclusion criteria, but we could only extract outcome data in accordance with our protocol from two trials, one in an AD population (n = 304) and one in an MCI population (n = 516). Both trials had an overall low to unclear risk of bias. It was not possible to pool data across studies owing to a lack of comparable outcome measures.In people with AD, we found no evidence of any clinically important effect of vitamin E on cognition, measured with change from baseline in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) over six to 48 months (mean difference (MD) -1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.75 to 0.13, P = 0.07, 1 study, n = 272; moderate quality evidence). There was no evidence of a difference between vitamin E and placebo groups in the risk of experiencing at least one serious adverse event over six to 48 months (risk ratio (RR) 0.86, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.05, P = 0.13, 1 study, n = 304; moderate quality evidence), or in the risk of death (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.34, P = 0.46, 1 study, n = 304; moderate quality evidence). People with AD receiving vitamin E showed less functional decline on the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study/Activities of Daily Living Inventory than people receiving placebo at six to 48 months (mean difference (MD) 3.15, 95% CI 0.07 to 6.23, P = 0.04, 1 study, n = 280; moderate quality evidence). There was no evidence of any clinically important effect on neuropsychiatric symptoms measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (MD -1.47, 95% CI -4.26 to 1.32, P = 0.30, 1 study, n = 280; moderate quality evidence).We found no evidence that vitamin E affected the probability of progression from MCI to probable dementia due to AD over 36 months (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.35, P = 0.81, 1 study, n = 516; moderate quality evidence). Five deaths occurred in each of the vitamin E and placebo groups over the 36 months (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.30 to 3.44, P = 0.99, 1 study, n = 516; moderate quality evidence). We were unable to extract data in accordance with the review protocol for other outcomes. However, the study authors found no evidence that vitamin E differed from placebo in its effect on cognitive function, global severity or activities of daily living . There was also no evidence of a difference between groups in the more commonly reported adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that the alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E given to people with MCI prevents progression to dementia, or that it improves cognitive function in people with MCI or dementia due to AD. However, there is moderate quality evidence from a single study that it may slow functional decline in AD. Vitamin E was not associated with an increased risk of serious adverse events or mortality in the trials in this review. These conclusions have changed since the previous update, however they are still based on small numbers of trials and participants and further research is quite likely to affect the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Farina
- Brighton and Sussex Medical SchoolCentre for Dementia StudiesBrightonUKBN1 9QH
| | - David Llewellyn
- University of ExeterMedical SchoolExeterUK+44 (0) 1392 726018
| | | | - Naji Tabet
- Brighton and Sussex Medical SchoolCentre for Dementia StudiesBrightonUKBN1 9QH
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Effects of almond consumption on the post-lunch dip and long-term cognitive function in energy-restricted overweight and obese adults. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:395-402. [PMID: 28183366 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The post-lunch dip in cognition is a well-established phenomenon of decreased alertness, memory and vigilance after lunch consumption. Lunch composition reportedly influences the post-lunch dip. Moreover, dieting is associated with cognitive function impairments. The negative effects of dieting have been reversed with nut-supplemented diets. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate the acute effect of an almond-enriched high-fat lunch or high-carbohydrate lunch on the post-lunch decline in cognitive function, and (2) evaluate the effects of chronic almond consumption as part of an energy-restricted diet on the memory and attention domains of cognitive function. In total, eighty-six overweight and obese adults were randomised to consume either an almond-enriched diet (AED) or a nut-free control diet (NFD) over a 12-week weight loss intervention. Participants were also randomised to receive either an almond-enriched high-fat lunch (A-HFL) (>55 % energy from fat, almonds contributing 70-75 % energy) or a high-carbohydrate lunch (HCL) (>85 % energy from carbohydrates) at the beginning and end of the weight loss intervention. Memory and attention performance indices decreased after lunch consumption (P<0·001). The A-HFL group ameliorated the decline in memory scores by 57·7 % compared with the HCL group (P=0·004). Both lunch groups had similar declines in attention. Moreover, memory and attention performance indices increased after the 12-week intervention period (P<0·05) with no difference between the AED and NFD groups. In conclusion, almond consumption at a midday meal can reduce the post-lunch dip in memory. However, long-term almond consumption may not further improve cognitive function outcomes in a weight loss intervention.
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Hayes D, Angove MJ, Tucci J, Dennis C. Walnuts (Juglans regia) Chemical Composition and Research in Human Health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:1231-41. [PMID: 25747270 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.760516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Walnuts are among the most widely consumed commercially grown tree nuts in the world. Many health benefits have been claimed for the consumption of these, including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, type II diabetes treatment, and prevention and treatment of certain cancers, and the lessening of symptoms attributed to age-related and other neurological disorders. The health-promoting benefits of walnut consumption are ascribed to its fatty acid profile, which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids with a particularly high ω3:ω6 ratio-the highest among all the tree nuts. The content of polyphenols and other phytochemicals in walnuts, with their claimed cytotoxic properties, also make them an attractive candidate for research for the prevention of free radical-induced nucleic acid damage. Research of walnut consumption in humans and animals employing a range of data sets and statistical methods suggest that walnuts may be considered a safe potential nutraceutical or possibly pharmaceutical substance. Nevertheless, few reviews of scientific research on the proposed benefits of these nuts exist, in spite of the numerous claims attributed to them in the lay media. This brief review article attempts to disseminate much of the information surrounding walnut consumption, and human health benefits, to other scientists and the interested general reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hayes
- a School of Pharmacy, La Trobe University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Michael J Angove
- a School of Pharmacy, La Trobe University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Joe Tucci
- a School of Pharmacy, La Trobe University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Christina Dennis
- a School of Pharmacy, La Trobe University , Victoria , Australia
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