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Zhao S, Lv Q, Zhang G, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang M, Wang Z. Quantitative Expression of Latent Disease Factors in Individuals Associated with Psychopathology Dimensions and Treatment Response. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01224-z. [PMID: 38842612 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric comorbidity is common in symptom-based diagnoses like autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention/deficit hyper-activity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, these co-occurring symptoms mediated by shared and/or distinct neural mechanisms are difficult to profile at the individual level. Capitalizing on unsupervised machine learning with a hierarchical Bayesian framework, we derived latent disease factors from resting-state functional connectivity data in a hybrid cohort of ASD and ADHD and delineated individual associations with dimensional symptoms based on canonical correlation analysis. Models based on the same factors generalized to previously unseen individuals in a subclinical cohort and one local OCD database with a subset of patients undergoing neurosurgical intervention. Four factors, identified as variably co-expressed in each patient, were significantly correlated with distinct symptom domains (r = -0.26-0.53, P < 0.05): behavioral regulation (Factor-1), communication (Factor-2), anxiety (Factor-3), adaptive behaviors (Factor-4). Moreover, we demonstrated Factor-1 expressed in patients with OCD and Factor-3 expressed in participants with anxiety, at the degree to which factor expression was significantly predictive of individual symptom scores (r = 0.18-0.5, P < 0.01). Importantly, peri-intervention changes in Factor-1 of OCD were associated with variable treatment outcomes (r = 0.39, P < 0.05). Our results indicate that these data-derived latent disease factors quantify individual factor expression to inform dimensional symptom and treatment outcomes across cohorts, which may promote quantitative psychiatric diagnosis and personalized intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Lv
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Mental Health Center), Zhejiang Office of Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Heqiu Wang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Mental Health Center), Zhejiang Office of Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Mental Health Center), Zhejiang Office of Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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De la Peña-Arteaga V, Cano M, Porta-Casteràs D, Vicent-Gil M, Miquel-Giner N, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Mar-Barrutia L, López-Solà M, Andrews-Hanna JR, Soriano-Mas C, Alonso P, Serra-Blasco M, López-Solà C, Cardoner N. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy neurobiology in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: A domain-related resting-state networks approach. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 82:72-81. [PMID: 38503084 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) stands out as a promising augmentation psychological therapy for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To identify potential predictive and response biomarkers, this study examines the relationship between clinical domains and resting-state network connectivity in OCD patients undergoing a 3-month MBCT programme. Twelve OCD patients underwent two resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions at baseline and after the MBCT programme. We assessed four clinical domains: positive affect, negative affect, anxiety sensitivity, and rumination. Independent component analysis characterised resting-state networks (RSNs), and multiple regression analyses evaluated brain-clinical associations. At baseline, distinct network connectivity patterns were found for each clinical domain: parietal-subcortical, lateral prefrontal, medial prefrontal, and frontal-occipital. Predictive and response biomarkers revealed significant brain-clinical associations within two main RSNs: the ventral default mode network (vDMN) and the frontostriatal network (FSN). Key brain nodes -the precuneus and the frontopolar cortex- were identified within these networks. MBCT may modulate vDMN and FSN connectivity in OCD patients, possibly reducing symptoms across clinical domains. Each clinical domain had a unique baseline brain connectivity pattern, suggesting potential symptom-based biomarkers. Using these RSNs as predictors could enable personalised treatments and the identification of patients who would benefit most from MBCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Cano
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Porta-Casteràs
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muriel Vicent-Gil
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Miquel-Giner
- Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lorea Mar-Barrutia
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marina López-Solà
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona - UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica R Andrews-Hanna
- Department of Psychology - Cognitive Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona - UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pino Alonso
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona - UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maria Serra-Blasco
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; ICOnnecta't e-Health Program of the Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Psycho-oncology and Digital Health Group, Health Services Research in Cancer, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Clara López-Solà
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain; Health Clinical Psychology Section, Department of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology, Institut Clínic de Neurociències (ICN), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Smárason O, Selles RR, Højgaard DRMA, Best JR, Melin K, Ivarsson T, Thomsen PH, Weidle B, McBride NM, Storch EA, Geller D, Wilhelm S, Farrell LJ, Waters AM, Mathieu S, Soreni N, Stewart SE, Skarphedinsson G. Exploring latent clusters in pediatric OCD based on symptoms, severity, age, gender, and comorbidity. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02431-9. [PMID: 38634862 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Given diverse symptom expression and high rates of comorbid conditions, the present study explored underlying commonalities among OCD-affected children and adolescents to better conceptualize disorder presentation and associated features. Data from 830 OCD-affected participants presenting to OCD specialty centers was aggregated. Dependent mixture modeling was used to examine latent clusters based on their age- and gender adjusted symptom severity (as measured by the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale; CY-BOCS), symptom type (as measured by factor scores calculated from the CY-BOCS symptom checklist), and comorbid diagnoses (as assessed via diagnostic interviews). Fit statistics favored a four-cluster model with groups distinguished primarily by symptom expression and comorbidity type. Fit indices for 3-7 cluster models were only marginally different and characteristics of the clusters remained largely stable between solutions with small clusters of distinct presentations added in more complex models. Rather than identifying a single classification system, the findings support the utility of integrating dimensional, developmental, and transdiagnostic information in the conceptualization of OCD-affected children and adolescents. Identified clusters point to the centrality of contamination concerns to OCD, relationships between broader symptom expression and higher levels of comorbidity, and the potential for complex/neurodevelopmental presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orri Smárason
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Robert R Selles
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Davíð R M A Højgaard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Denmark
| | - John R Best
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karin Melin
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Per Hove Thomsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Denmark
| | - Bernhard Weidle
- Regional Center for Child Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nicole Michelle McBride
- Embedded Preventive Behavioral Health Capability, III MEF, United States Marine Corps, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Daniel Geller
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabine Wilhelm
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Noam Soreni
- St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S Evelyn Stewart
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Alkhanjaf AAM, Sharma S, Sharma M, Kumar R, Arora NK, Kumar B, Umar A, Baskoutas S, Mukherjee TK. Microbial strategies for copper pollution remediation: Mechanistic insights and recent advances. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123588. [PMID: 38401635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Environmental contamination is aninsistent concern affecting human health and the ecosystem. Wastewater, containing heavy metals from industrial activities, significantly contributes to escalating water pollution. These metals can bioaccumulate in food chains, posing health risks even at low concentrations. Copper (Cu), an essential micronutrient, becomes toxic at high levels. Activities like mining and fungicide use have led to Copper contamination in soil, water, and sediment beyond safe levels. Copper widely used in industries, demands restraint of heavy metal ion release into wastewater for ecosystem ultrafiltration, membrane filtration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis, combat heavy metal pollution, with emphasis on copper.Physical and chemical approaches are efficient, large-scale feasibility may have drawbackssuch as they are costly, result in the production of sludge. In contrast, bioremediation, microbial intervention offers eco-friendly solutions for copper-contaminated soil. Bacteria and fungi facilitate these bioremediation avenues as cost-effective alternatives. This review article emphasizes on physical, chemical, and biological methods for removal of copper from the wastewater as well asdetailing microorganism's mechanisms to mobilize or immobilize copper in wastewater and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrab Ahmed M Alkhanjaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sonu Sharma
- Department of Bio-sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Monu Sharma
- Department of Bio-sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department of Bio-sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India.
| | - Naresh Kumar Arora
- Division of Soil and Crop Management, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 133001, Haryana, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar
- Division of Soil and Crop Management, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 133001, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Sotirios Baskoutas
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
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5
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Xu C, Hou G, He T, Ruan Z, Guo X, Chen J, Wei Z, Seger CA, Chen Q, Peng Z. Local structural and functional MRI markers of compulsive behaviors and obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosis within striatum-based circuits. Psychol Med 2024; 54:710-720. [PMID: 37642202 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a classic disorder on the compulsivity spectrum, with diverse comorbidities. In the current study, we sought to understand OCD from a dimensional perspective by identifying multimodal neuroimaging patterns correlated with multiple phenotypic characteristics within the striatum-based circuits known to be affected by OCD. METHODS Neuroimaging measurements of local functional and structural features and clinical information were collected from 110 subjects, including 51 patients with OCD and 59 healthy control subjects. Linked independent component analysis (LICA) and correlation analysis were applied to identify associations between local neuroimaging patterns across modalities (including gray matter volume, white matter integrity, and spontaneous functional activity) and clinical factors. RESULTS LICA identified eight multimodal neuroimaging patterns related to phenotypic variations, including three related to symptoms and diagnosis. One imaging pattern (IC9) that included both the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation measure of spontaneous functional activity and white matter integrity measures correlated negatively with OCD diagnosis and diagnostic scales. Two imaging patterns (IC10 and IC27) correlated with compulsion symptoms: IC10 included primarily anatomical measures and IC27 included primarily functional measures. In addition, we identified imaging patterns associated with age, gender, and emotional expression across subjects. CONCLUSIONS We established that data fusion techniques can identify local multimodal neuroimaging patterns associated with OCD phenotypes. The results inform our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of compulsive behaviors and OCD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyong Xu
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Institute of Maternity and Child Medical Research, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gangqiang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingxin He
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinrong Guo
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Institute of Maternity and Child Medical Research, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jierong Chen
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Institute of Maternity and Child Medical Research, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Institute of Maternity and Child Medical Research, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Carol A Seger
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziwen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Rickelt J, Viechtbauer W, Marcelis M, van den Heuvel OA, van Oppen P, Eikelenboom M, Schruers K. Anxiety during the long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:311-319. [PMID: 37838266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate anxiety and its relation with obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS We used data from the Netherlands OCD Association (NOCDA) study, which included 419 participants with OCD (aged 18-79 years). Severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and anxiety at baseline and after two, four, and six years were entered into three models, which were analyzed using structural equation modeling: 1) the cross-lagged model, which assumes that anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms are two distinct groups of symptoms interacting directly on the long-term; 2) the stable traits model, which assumes that anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms result from two distinct latent factors, which are stable over the time and interact with each other; and 3) the common factor model, which assumes that anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms are presentations of the same latent factor. RESULTS The cross-lagged model and the stable traits model both were valid models with a good model fit. The common factor model had a poor model fit and was rejected. LIMITATIONS The duration of OCD varied widely between the participants (0-64 years). The majority experienced obsessive-compulsive symptoms since several years, which may have affected results on the course of anxiety and the interaction between anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in OCD patients do not result from a shared underlying factor but are distinct, interacting symptom groups, probably interacting by distinct latent factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rickelt
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Vijverdalseweg 1, 6226NB Maastricht, the Netherlands; Institute for Mental Health Eindhoven (GGzE), Dr. Poletlaan 39, 5626ND Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - W Viechtbauer
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Vijverdalseweg 1, 6226NB Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Marcelis
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Vijverdalseweg 1, 6226NB Maastricht, the Netherlands; Institute for Mental Health Eindhoven (GGzE), Dr. Poletlaan 39, 5626ND Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - O A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, 1007MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P van Oppen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, 1007MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GGZ inGeest, Research & Innovation, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Eikelenboom
- GGZ inGeest, Research & Innovation, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K Schruers
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Vijverdalseweg 1, 6226NB Maastricht, the Netherlands; Mondriaan Mental Health Center, Vijverdalseweg 1, 6226NB Maastricht, the Netherlands
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7
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Lan H, Suo X, Zuo C, Ni W, Wang S, Kemp GJ, Gong Q. Shared and distinct abnormalities of brain magnetization transfer ratio in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: a comparative voxel-based meta-analysis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2824-2833. [PMID: 37697951 PMCID: PMC10686600 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) share significant clinical overlap, although it remains unknown to what extent this overlap reflects shared neural profiles. To identify the shared and specific abnormalities in SCZ and MDD, we performed a whole-brain voxel-based meta-analysis using magnetization transfer imaging, a technique that characterizes the macromolecular structural integrity of brain tissue in terms of the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR). METHODS A systematic search based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, International Scientific Index (ISI) Web of Science, and MEDLINE for relevant studies up to March 2022. Two researchers independently screened the articles. Rigorous scrutiny and data extraction were performed for the studies that met the inclusion criteria. Voxel-wise meta-analyses were conducted using anisotropic effect size-signed differential mapping with a unified template. Meta-regression was used to explore the potential effects of demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS A total of 15 studies with 17 datasets describing 365 SCZ patients, 224 MDD patients, and 550 healthy controls (HCs) were identified. The conjunction analysis showed that both disorders shared higher MTR than HC in the left cerebellum ( P =0.0006) and left fusiform gyrus ( P =0.0004). Additionally, SCZ patients showed disorder-specific lower MTR in the anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus, and higher MTR in the left thalamus, precuneus/cuneus, posterior cingulate gyrus, and paracentral lobule; and MDD patients showed higher MTR in the left middle occipital region. Meta-regression showed no statistical significance in either group. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed a structural neural basis shared between SCZ and MDD patients, emphasizing the importance of shared neural substrates across psychopathology. Meanwhile, distinct disease-specific characteristics could have implications for future differential diagnosis and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lan
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xueling Suo
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Weishi Ni
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Graham J. Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L693BX, United Kingdom
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
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Tiego J, Trender W, Hellyer PJ, Grant JE, Hampshire A, Chamberlain SR. Measuring Compulsivity as a Self-Reported Multidimensional Transdiagnostic Construct: Large-Scale ( N = 182,000) Validation of the Cambridge-Chicago Compulsivity Trait Scale. Assessment 2023; 30:2433-2448. [PMID: 36680457 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221149083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Compulsivity has potential transdiagnostic relevance to a range of psychiatric disorders, but it has not been well-characterized and there are few existing measures available for measuring the construct across clinical and nonclinical samples that have been validated at large population scale. We aimed to characterize the multidimensional latent structure of self-reported compulsivity in a population-based sample of British children and adults (N = 182,145) using the Cambridge-Chicago Compulsivity Trait Scale (CHI-T). Exploratory structural equation modeling provided evidence for a correlated two-factor model consisting of (a) Perfectionism and (b) Reward Drive dimensions. Evidence was obtained for discriminant validity in relation to the big five personality dimensions and acceptable test-retest reliability. The CHI-T, here validated at extremely large scale, is suitable for use in studies seeking to understand the correlates and basis of compulsivity in clinical and nonclinical participants. We provide extensive normative data to facilitate interpretation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- University of Southampton, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, NHS, Southampton, UK
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9
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Van Langenhove L. The idea of society: the Spoken World Theory and the ontological conceptualization of society. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2023; 8:1241355. [PMID: 37965442 PMCID: PMC10641720 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1241355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a new conceptualization of society with the ambition to sharpen thinking about social reality and to better understand how society relates to personhood. This exercise is framed in an attempt to develop the Spoken World Theory, inspired by the thinking of Rom Harré. It involves a radical rethink of the social ontology and is to be seen as an alternative to the traditional conceptualization of society as a social structure that is opposed to individual agency. The proposed alternative is based upon the disentanglement of four aspects of society along the Vygotskian public/private and individual/collective axes. As such, society can be said to manifest itself in four realms: (i) the world as we hear it: a worldwide and history-long ongoing web of conversations; (ii) the world as we see it: a set of materialized social artifacts, including a set of institutional facts; (iii) the world as we imagine it: individual umwelts or worldviews for each person based on appropriated knowledge and moral frameworks; and (iv) the world as we shape it: persons have the power to formulate intentions that they can bring to the conversational space or the space of artifacts. A major consequence of this conceptualization is that it no longer puts society outside human beings, nor that personality is only to be located inside persons. The proposed ontological framework allows us to speak in much clearer terms about how persons and society are entangled with each other in the sense that without the personhood of people, there can be no society, and that without society, people cannot have personhood. Both personhood and society are to be seen as two intertwined mechanisms that allow the individuals of the human species to complement the genetic basis of survival with a system of cultural resources that can be used for coping with everyday life. The article ends with a discussion of the practical implications of social theorizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luk Van Langenhove
- Brussels School of Governance, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Belgium
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10
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Olmedo-Córdoba M, Moreno-Montoya M, Mora S, Prados-Pardo Á, Martín-González E. Avoidance and inhibitory control are possible transdiagnostic traits? A systematic review in animal models. Behav Brain Res 2023; 451:114500. [PMID: 37207979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In clinical research, aberrant avoidance behavior and inhibitory control deficit have a high comorbidity in different psychopathological disorders. Therefore, avoidance and impulsive and/or compulsive behaviors might be classified as transdiagnostic traits, where the assessment through animal models could address evidence of their contribution as neurobehavioral mechanisms in psychopathology. The objective of the present review has been to assess the avoidance trait and the implication of inhibitory control behaviors, through studies using passive and active avoidance tests in rodents, and a preclinical model using selective breeding of high- or low-avoidance Roman rats (RHA, RLA). A systematic search strategy was carried out in the PubMed and Web of Science databases, where a total of 40 studies were accepted in the qualitative synthesis. The results of the different studies reviewed pointed to a relation between a reduced avoidance profile in passive avoidance (PA) with impulsive decision making and novelty-seeking behaviors; an increased avoidance profile in PA with compulsive drinking; a high active avoidance profile, including RHA rats, with different types of impulsivity and novelty- seeking behaviors; and regarding compulsivity depending on its measure, a low active avoidance profile, including RLA rats, has been associated with increased anxiety in the EPM and increased grooming, while a high active avoidance profile, including RHA rats, has been associated with increased rearing, compulsive drinking including alcohol, and cognitive inflexibility. The results have been discussed in terms of environmental factors and the underlying mechanisms between these possible transdiagnostic traits in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Olmedo-Córdoba
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Margarita Moreno-Montoya
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Santiago Mora
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ángeles Prados-Pardo
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-González
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
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11
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Möde L, Borgolte A, Ghaneirad E, Roy M, Sinke C, Szycik GR, Bleich S, Wiswede D. Cognitive control in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: a study with event-related potentials. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1180827. [PMID: 37599885 PMCID: PMC10436303 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1180827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Little is known about cognitive control in adults with high-functioning forms of autism spectrum disorder because previous research focused on children and adolescents. Cognitive control is crucial to monitor and readjust behavior after errors to select contextually appropriate reactions. The congruency effect and conflict adaptation are measures of cognitive control. Post-error slowing, error-related negativity and error positivity provide insight into behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of error processing. In children and adolescent with autism spectrum disorder deficits in cognitive control and error processing have been shown by changes in post-error slowing, error-related negativity and error positivity in the flanker task. Methods We performed a modified Eriksen flanker task in 17 adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and 17 healthy controls. As behavioral measures of cognitive control and error processing, we included reaction times and error rates to calculate congruency effects, conflict adaptation, and post-error slowing. Event-related potentials namely error-related negativity and error positivity were measured to assess error-related brain activity. Results Both groups of participants showed the expected congruency effects demonstrated by faster and more accurate responses in congruent compared to incongruent trials. Healthy controls exhibited conflict adaptation as they obtained performance benefits after incongruent trials whereas patients with autism spectrum disorder did not. The expected slowing in reaction times after errors was observed in both groups of participants. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder demonstrated enhanced electrophysiological error-processing compared to healthy controls indicated by increased error-related negativity and error positivity difference amplitudes. Discussion Our findings show that adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder do not show the expected upregulation of cognitive control in response to conflicts. This finding implies that previous experiences may have a reduced influence on current behavior in these patients which possibly contributes to less flexible behavior. Nevertheless, we observed intact behavioral reactions after errors indicating that adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder can flexibly adjust behavior in response to changed environmental demands when necessary. The enhancement of electrophysiological error-processing indicates that adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder demonstrate an extraordinary reactivity toward errors reflecting increased performance monitoring in this subpopulation of autism spectrum disorder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Möde
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Borgolte
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erfan Ghaneirad
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mandy Roy
- Asklepios, Psychiatric Hospital Ochsenzoll, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Sinke
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor R. Szycik
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Wiswede
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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12
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Lv Q, Zeljic K, Zhao S, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang Z. Dissecting Psychiatric Heterogeneity and Comorbidity with Core Region-Based Machine Learning. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1309-1326. [PMID: 37093448 PMCID: PMC10387015 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning approaches are increasingly being applied to neuroimaging data from patients with psychiatric disorders to extract brain-based features for diagnosis and prognosis. The goal of this review is to discuss recent practices for evaluating machine learning applications to obsessive-compulsive and related disorders and to advance a novel strategy of building machine learning models based on a set of core brain regions for better performance, interpretability, and generalizability. Specifically, we argue that a core set of co-altered brain regions (namely 'core regions') comprising areas central to the underlying psychopathology enables the efficient construction of a predictive model to identify distinct symptom dimensions/clusters in individual patients. Hypothesis-driven and data-driven approaches are further introduced showing how core regions are identified from the entire brain. We demonstrate a broadly applicable roadmap for leveraging this core set-based strategy to accelerate the pursuit of neuroimaging-based markers for diagnosis and prognosis in a variety of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lv
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Kristina Zeljic
- School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Shaoling Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Mental Health Center), Zhejiang Office of Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Mental Health Center), Zhejiang Office of Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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13
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ÖZDEMİR E, HACIÖMEROĞLU AB. Transdiagnostic Approach and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The categorical approach of traditional psychiatric nosology has been a forceful approach for a very long time for explaining psychological disorders which are defined by symptom based diagnostic categories. However, in recent years, the importance of the "transdiagnostic" approach which is a new classification system is increasing. The transdiagnostic approach aims to examine dimensionally the common cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal and biological processes underlying many psychopathologies away from the categorical approach that classifies psychopathologies according to observable symptoms. This approach intends to treat the disorders through the common underlying processes and risk factors, thus heterogeneous and comorbid symptoms are better addressed and diagnostic categories that may change during treatment are avoided. In this review study, the current problems in diagnosing based on classification and gaps in the field were examined, and the approach itself was proposed as a solution. RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) which is a new classification system for psychiatric disorders within the scope of the approach, has created a new structure using modern research approaches in genetics, neuroscience and behavioral sciences. In the present study, the definition and emergence of the transdiagnostic approach, obsessive compulsive disorder and RDoC in the context of transdiagnostic approach and transdiagnostic treatment are explained. This review is intended to be a resource for both basic psychopathology research and the development of treatment methods within the framework of a transdiagnostic approach.
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14
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Endrass T, Weiss F. Performance Monitoring: A Transdiagnostic Biomarker of Adaptive Behavior in Mental Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:962-963. [PMID: 37197835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Endrass
- Addiction Research, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Franziska Weiss
- Addiction Research, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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15
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Becker HC, Norman LJ, Yang H, Monk CS, Phan KL, Taylor SF, Liu Y, Mannella K, Fitzgerald KD. Disorder-specific cingulo-opercular network hyperconnectivity in pediatric OCD relative to pediatric anxiety. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1468-1478. [PMID: 37010220 PMCID: PMC10009399 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior investigation of adult patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has found greater functional connectivity within orbitofrontal-striatal-thalamic (OST) circuitry, as well as altered connectivity within and between large-scale brain networks such as the cingulo-opercular network (CON) and default mode network (DMN), relative to controls. However, as adult OCD patients often have high rates of co-morbid anxiety and long durations of illness, little is known about the functional connectivity of these networks in relation to OCD specifically, or in young patients near illness onset. METHODS In this study, unmedicated female patients with OCD (ages 8-21 years, n = 23) were compared to age-matched female patients with anxiety disorders (n = 26), and healthy female youth (n = 44). Resting-state functional connectivity was used to determine the strength of functional connectivity within and between OST, CON, and DMN. RESULTS Functional connectivity within the CON was significantly greater in the OCD group as compared to the anxiety and healthy control groups. Additionally, the OCD group displayed greater functional connectivity between OST and CON compared to the other two groups, which did not differ significantly from each other. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that previously noted network connectivity differences in pediatric patients with OCD were likely not attributable to co-morbid anxiety disorders. Moreover, these results suggest that specific patterns of hyperconnectivity within CON and between CON and OST circuitry may characterize OCD relative to non-OCD anxiety disorders in youth. This study improves understanding of network dysfunction underlying pediatric OCD as compared to pediatric anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Becker
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luke J. Norman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Christopher S. Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K. Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephan F. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanni Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristin Mannella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kate D. Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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16
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Fu Z, Sajad A, Errington SP, Schall JD, Rutishauser U. Neurophysiological mechanisms of error monitoring in human and non-human primates. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:153-172. [PMID: 36707544 PMCID: PMC10231843 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Performance monitoring is an important executive function that allows us to gain insight into our own behaviour. This remarkable ability relies on the frontal cortex, and its impairment is an aspect of many psychiatric diseases. In recent years, recordings from the macaque and human medial frontal cortex have offered a detailed understanding of the neurophysiological substrate that underlies performance monitoring. Here we review the discovery of single-neuron correlates of error monitoring, a key aspect of performance monitoring, in both species. These neurons are the generators of the error-related negativity, which is a non-invasive biomarker that indexes error detection. We evaluate a set of tasks that allows the synergistic elucidation of the mechanisms of cognitive control across the two species, consider differences in brain anatomy and testing conditions across species, and describe the clinical relevance of these findings for understanding psychopathology. Last, we integrate the body of experimental facts into a theoretical framework that offers a new perspective on how error signals are computed in both species and makes novel, testable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Amirsaman Sajad
- Center for Integrative & Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven P Errington
- Center for Integrative & Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Schall
- Center for Integrative & Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ueli Rutishauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Early Identification and Intervention in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030399. [PMID: 36979207 PMCID: PMC10046131 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent thoughts with subsequent repetitive behaviors. Interventions that are effective for adult OCD cannot simply be generalized to pediatric OCD, since OCD in children and adolescents usually has a different clinical presentation, etiology and course from adult OCD. Delayed and inadequate treatment is associated with a worse prognosis, making the need for early identification and intervention in pediatric OCD very urgent. In this paper, we reflected on the current constraints that make early interventions for pediatric OCD unpromoted and reviewed the approaches with potential application for early identification and early intervention in pediatric OCD, categorized by three-level prevention stages corresponding to a clinical staging model. Since the etiology of pediatric OCD is still unclear, primary prevention is most lacking, and early interventions for pediatric OCD are currently focused on the secondary prevention stage, which aims to prevent the conversion of obsessive-compulsive symptoms into full-blown OCD; tertiary prevention mostly focuses on the alleviation of mild to moderate OCD, while interventions for co-morbidities are still in their infancy. We closed by considering the important research questions on this topic.
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18
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Treviño M, Castiello S, De la Torre-Valdovinos B, Osuna Carrasco P, Medina-Coss Y León R, Arias-Carrión O. Two-stage reinforcement learning task predicts psychological traits. Psych J 2023. [PMID: 36740455 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
External sources of information influence human actions. However, psychological traits (PTs), considered internal variables, also play a crucial role in decision making. PTs are stable across time and contexts and define the set of behavioral repertoires that individuals express. Here, we explored how multiple metrics of adaptive behavior under uncertainty related to several PTs. Participants solved a reversal-learning task with volatile contingencies, from which we characterized a detailed behavioral profile based on their response sequences. We then tested the relationship between this multimetric behavioral profile and scores obtained from self-report psychological questionnaires. The PT measurements were based on the Hierarchical Taxonomy Of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model. By using multiple linear regression models (MLRMs), we found that the learning curves predicted important differences in the PTs and task response times. We confirmed the significance of these relationships by using random permutations of the predictors of the MLRM. Therefore, the behavioral profile configurations predicted the PTs and served as a "fingerprint" to identify participants with a high certainty level. We discuss briefly how this characterization and approach could contribute to better nosological classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Treviño
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Cortical y Aprendizaje Perceptual, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | | | - Paulina Osuna Carrasco
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Medina-Coss Y León
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Cortical y Aprendizaje Perceptual, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Kim ST, Seo JH, Park CI, Kim HW, Boo YJ, Kim H, Jeon S, Kang JI, Kim SJ. Core clinical symptoms and suicidal ideation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A network analysis. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:110-117. [PMID: 36330993 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicidality in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is underestimated and it is important for clinicians to understand the factors that contribute to suicidal ideation. The present study aimed to estimate a network of the core clinical symptoms of OCD including obsessions, compulsions, and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptom dimensions, depressive symptoms, and psychological traits, and to examine which symptoms contribute to suicidal ideation in patients with a primary diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. METHODS A total of 444 patients with OCD were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and various other measures. Network analysis was conducted to estimate the network of obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms, psychological traits including alexithymia and impulsivity, and demographic covariates. Symptoms directly related to suicidal ideation in the network were examined for their relative contribution to suicidal ideation. RESULTS Suicidal ideation was directly related to degree of control over compulsive behaviors, distress associated with compulsive behaviors, time spent performing compulsive behaviors, and unacceptable thoughts, along with depressive symptoms and alexithymia. In the network of OC and depressive symptoms the most central symptoms among the former were interference due to compulsive behaviors and interference due to obsessive thoughts, and among the latter were pessimistic thoughts and reported sadness. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that along with depressive symptoms and alexithymia, compulsions and unacceptable thoughts dimension may contribute to suicidality, and thus, should be carefully monitored in patients with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Tae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Seo
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Il Park
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Education, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Boo
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumoa Jeon
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Moreno-Amador B, Piqueras JA, Rodríguez-Jiménez T, Martínez-González AE, Cervin M. Measuring symptoms of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders using a single dimensional self-report scale. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:958015. [PMID: 36865079 PMCID: PMC9971505 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.958015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessions and compulsions are heterogenous but can be classified into obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding disorder (HD), hair-pulling disorder (HPD), and skin-picking disorder (SPD). OCD is in itself heterogenous, with symptoms clustering around four major symptom dimensions: contamination/cleaning, symmetry/ordering, taboo obsessions, and harm/checking. No single self-report scale captures the full heterogeneity of OCD and related disorders, limiting assessment in clinical practice and research on nosological relations among the disorders. METHODS To provide a single self-report scale of OCD and related disorders that respects the heterogeneity of OCD, we expanded the DSM-5-based Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders-Dimensional Scales (OCRD-D) so that is also includes the four major symptom dimensions of OCD. A psychometric evaluation and an exploration of the overarching relations among the dimensions were conducted using an online survey which was completed by 1,454 Spanish adolescents and adults (age span = 15-74 years). Approximately 8 months after the initial survey, 416 participants completed the scale again. RESULTS The expanded scale showed excellent internal psychometric properties, adequate test-retest correlations, known groups validity, and correlations in the expected directions with well-being, depression/anxiety symptoms, and satisfaction with life. The higher-order structure of the measure indicated that harm/checking and taboo obsessions formed a common disturbing thoughts factor and that HPD and SPD formed a common body-focused repetitive behaviors factor. CONCLUSION The expanded OCRD-D (OCRD-D-E) shows promise as a unified way to assess symptoms across the major symptom dimensions of OCD and related disorders. The measure may be useful in clinical practice (e.g., screening) and research, but more research on construct validity, incremental validity, and clinical utility is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José A Piqueras
- Health Psychology Department, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | | | | | - Matti Cervin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Koçak OM, Ceran S, Üney PK, Hacıyev C. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder from an Embodied Cognition Perspective. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2022; 59:S50-S56. [PMID: 36578983 PMCID: PMC9767127 DOI: 10.29399/npa.28151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by problems of control over behavior and cognition. Although almost all of the studies on pathogenesis of OCD point out fronto-striatal dysfunction, it is still not possible to reveal mechanisms to explain the entire clinical course of OCD through these circuits. A more holistic explanation can be given through the Embodied Cognition (EC) perspective, which suggests that the alteration/dysfunction of low-level sensory-motor process may appear as a multifarious extent of dysfunction of high-level cognitive processes. Fronto-striatal circuits play fundamental role in behavioral control. These circuits also have a central role for the feed-forward motor control (FFMC). In FFMC, the internal model of movement is driven by efference copies as templates for motor behavior, without being adjusted by sensory information. If impairment of low-level sensory-motor processing is crucial to occurrence of compulsions, one possible hypothesis about this impairment is the problem which emerges from occurrence of efference copy in FFMC. On the other hand, the efference copy has also pivotal role for subject's feeling of the agency of an action. Therefore, there may be role of failure in successfully reproduction of the efference copy in the background of subjects' experience of losing control on compulsive behaviors. In this paper, we will discuss how the embodied cognition (EC) perspective which can be one of the biological bases of computationalism, which brings neuroscientific explanations on the functioning of nervous system to a more symbolic perspective, may contribute to our understanding of etiopathogenesis of OCD. In this perspective, our method will be to integrate the theoretical basis provided by EC perspective to the current models for OCD, rather than falsifying them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Murat Koçak
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey,Correspondence Address: Orhan Murat Koçak, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Taşkent Cad. Şht. H. Temel Kuğuoğlu Sokak No: 30, 06490 Bahçelievler, Ankara, Turkey • E-mail:
| | - Selvi Ceran
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Kutlutürk Üney
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceyhun Hacıyev
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Negative valence system as a relevant domain in compulsivity: review in a preclinical model of compulsivity. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 6:491-500. [PMID: 36377776 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Compulsive behavior is observed in different neuropsychiatric disorders such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), anxiety, phobia, schizophrenia and addiction. Compulsivity has been proposed as a transdiagnostic symptom, where the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) strategy could help to understand its neuropsychological basis for a better understanding, and development of therapeutic and preventive strategies. However, research on compulsivity has been focused on the cognitive control domain, and the contribution of an altered negative valence system has been less considered. In this review, we collate the main findings in an animal model of compulsivity, the high drinker (HD) rats selected by Schedule-Induced Polydipsia (SIP) regarding these two research domains. This preclinical model of compulsivity has shown a phenotype characterized by a lack of behavioral inhibition, impulsive decision-making and cognitive inflexibility. Moreover, the results in compulsive HD rats, suggests that there is also a relevant alteration in the emotional dimension, linked to the negative valence system domain, as for example by: the increased perseverative responses in a withdrawal condition, associated with the behavioral construct of frustrative non-reward; and an inhibition or extinction deficit in memory retrieval associated with an alteration in the behavioral response to sustained threat. However, the precise nature of the link between these shared altered domains, cognitive control and negative valence system, remains unknown. These results point towards relevant behavioral aspects of the compulsive phenotype that should be taken into account when studying the vulnerability to compulsivity that could help in the development of a better transdiagnostic assessment, preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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23
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Funch Uhre V, Melissa Larsen K, Marc Herz D, Baaré W, Katrine Pagsberg A, Roman Siebner H. Inhibitory control in obsessive compulsive disorder: A systematic review and activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 36:103268. [PMID: 36451370 PMCID: PMC9723317 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) often show deficits in inhibitory control, which may underlie poor control over obsessions and compulsions. Several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments utilizing a variety of tasks have investigated the neural correlates of inhibitory control in OCD. Evidence from existing meta-analyses suggests aberrant activation of regions in fronto-striatal circuits during inhibitory control. However, new fMRI articles have since been published, and a more rigorous methodology for neuroimaging meta-analyses is now available. OBJECTIVES First, to reevaluate the evidence for abnormal brain activation during performance of inhibitory control tasks in OCD while adhering to current best practices for meta-analyses, and second, to extend previous findings by separately assessing different subprocesses of inhibitory control. METHOD We systematically searched Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed and the functional BrainMap database for fMRI articles that compared activation during performance of inhibitory control tasks in patients with OCD and healthy control (HC) subjects. Thirty-five experiments from 21 articles met our criteria for inclusion. We first performed activation-likelihood-estimation meta-analyses to elucidate brain areas in which case-control activation differences converged across articles and tasks. We then aimed to extend previous work by separately evaluating experiments requiring inhibition of a prepotent response without execution of an alternative response (i.e., response inhibition) and experiments requiring inhibition of a prepotent response and execution of an alternative response (i.e., cognitive inhibition). RESULTS The 35 experiments included a total of 394 patients and 410 controls. We did not find evidence of abnormal brain activation in OCD during inhibitory control when pooling data from all experiments. Analysis restricted to cognitive inhibition experiments showed abnormal activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC; P = .04, cluster-level familywise error-corrected, cluster volume of 824 mm3). We did not have sufficient data to evaluate response inhibition experiments separately. CONCLUSION Findings of abnormal brain activation in OCD from different inhibitory control tasks do not appear to converge on the same brain regions, but the dACC may be implicated in abnormal cognitive inhibition. Our findings highlight a need for experiments that specifically target subprocesses of inhibitory control to achieve a more differentiated understanding of the neural correlates for impaired inhibitory control in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemar Funch Uhre
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Denmark,Corresponding author at: Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), section 714, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Kit Melissa Larsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Denmark
| | - Damian Marc Herz
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK,Department of Neurology, Section Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, University Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - William Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Pagsberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wu X, Yu G, Zhang K, Feng J, Zhang J, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW. Symptom-Based Profiling and Multimodal Neuroimaging of a Large Preteenage Population Identifies Distinct Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder-like Subtypes With Neurocognitive Differences. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:1078-1089. [PMID: 34224907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by both internalizing (anxiety) and externalizing (compulsivity) symptoms. Currently, little is known about their interrelationships and their relative contributions to disease heterogeneity. Our goal is to resolve affective and cognitive symptom heterogeneity related to internalized and externalized symptom dimensions by determining subtypes of children with OCD symptoms, and to identify any corresponding neural differences. METHODS A total of 1269 children with OCD symptoms screened using the Child Behavior Checklist Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom scale and 3987 matched control subjects were obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Consensus hierarchical clustering was used to cluster children with OCD symptoms into distinct subtypes. Ten neurocognitive task scores and 20 Child Behavior Checklist syndrome scales were used to characterize cognitive/behavioral differences. Gray matter volume, fractional anisotropy of major white matter fiber tracts, and functional connectivity among networks were used in case-control studies. RESULTS We identified two subgroups with contrasting patterns in internalized and externalized dimensions. Group 1 showed compulsive thoughts and repeated acts but relatively low anxiety symptoms, whereas group 2 exhibited higher anxiety and perfectionism and relatively low repetitive behavior. Only group 1 had significant cognitive impairments and gray matter volume reductions in the bilateral inferior parietal lobe, precentral gyrus, and precuneus gyrus, and had white matter tract fractional anisotropy reductions in the corticostriatal fasciculus. CONCLUSIONS Children with OCD symptoms are heterogeneous at the level of symptom clustering and its underlying neural basis. Two subgroups represent distinct patterns of externalizing and internalizing symptoms, suggesting that anxiety is not its major predisposing factor. These results may have implications for the nosology and treatment of preteenage OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Wu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gechang Yu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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25
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Hamidian S, Pourshahbaz A, Ananloo ES, Dolatshahi B, Ohadi M, Davoudi M. The story of memory and executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-control study. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022; 44:e20210243. [PMID: 33890432 PMCID: PMC10039720 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychological findings in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are mainly clustered around the role of memory and executive functions. However, outcomes vary across different OCD populations. In addition, the extent to which each of these factors can distinguish patients with OCD (PwOCD) from healthy individuals remains uncertain and attracts great attention. The present study aims to investigate the above issues. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study of 182 individuals (90 PwOCD and 92 matched healthy controls). After screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, the participants were administered neuropsychological tests including, the Wechsler Memory Scale-III (WMS-III), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT). Data were analyzed to test the study hypotheses using comparison of means and regression analysis methods. RESULTS The results showed that PwOCD had poorer performance than the control group in Immediate Memory, General Memory, and Working Memory and also according to response inhibition indexes. The results also showed that General Memory and Reaction Time2 from the SCWT index could be predictive variables for discriminating between PwOCD and controls. CONCLUSION The findings of this study support the prior assumptions that PwOCD would have impaired memory dimensions and response inhibition, but did not support worse set-shifting performance. We also present an initial model for the predictive role of these neuropsychological variables in discriminating OCD from healthy individuals and increasing diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Hamidian
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Pourshahbaz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Shahsavand Ananloo
- Department of Psychosomatic, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Dolatshahi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Ohadi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Davoudi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran
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26
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Tan PZ, Bylsma LM, Silk JS, Siegle GJ, Forbes EE, McMakin DL, Dahl RE, Ryan ND, Ladouceur CD. Neural indices of performance monitoring are associated with daily emotional functioning in youth with anxiety disorders: An ERP and EMA study. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 178:34-42. [PMID: 35679962 PMCID: PMC10023196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Excessive monitoring of one's performance is a characteristic of anxiety disorders that has been linked to alterations in implicit emotion regulation (ER), including elevations in neural measures of performance monitoring (i.e., error- and correct-related negativity; ERN and CRN). Elevations in ERN and CRN amplitudes have been reported consistently in anxiety disorders, suggesting that an overactive performance monitoring system is linked to ER difficulties in anxiety. Yet, the relevance of these lab-based neural measures for day-to-day emotional functioning remains poorly understood. This study examined the degree to which ERN and CRN amplitudes are associated with measures of daily ER difficulties in youth with anxiety disorders. Youth (N = 100, Mage = 11.14, SDage = 1.46) completed a computerized flanker task assessing the ERN and CRN. They then completed a 5-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol assessing their daily ER (i.e., intensity of momentary and peak negative affect, intensity of worry, reliance on maladaptive ER strategies). Results showed that more negative mean CRN amplitudes were associated with higher levels of negative emotional reactivity and more intense worries. There were no significant associations between ERN amplitude and EMA measures. Furthermore, elevations in CRN were linked to more frequent use of maladaptive ER strategies (i.e., rumination, physiological reactivity, avoidance). Together, results indicate that among youth with anxiety, individual differences in CRN, but not ERN, amplitudes are related to daily ER difficulties. Findings highlight the clinical utility of a lab-based neural measure of ER, suggesting that the CRN, rather than the ERN, reflects individual ER differences in the context of daily life among youth with pediatric anxiety disorders. As such, the CRN might serve as an important dimensional index of a treatment target that can be tracked with a validated, multi-method measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Z Tan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Lauren M Bylsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Dana L McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, United States of America
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Neal D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America.
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27
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Moreira-de-Oliveira ME, de Menezes GB, Laurito LD, Loureiro CP, dos Santos-Ribeiro S, Fontenelle LF. A longitudinal evaluation of free will related cognitions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:463. [PMID: 35831831 PMCID: PMC9277897 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often feel compelled to perform (compulsive) behaviors, thus raising questions regarding their free will beliefs and experiences. In the present study, we investigated if free will related cognitions (free will beliefs or experiences) differed between OCD patients and healthy subjects and whether these cognitions predicted symptom changes after a one-year follow up. METHODS Sixty OCD outpatients were assessed for their beliefs in and experiences of free will at baseline and after one year of treatment. A subsample of 18 OCD patients had their beliefs compared to 18 age and gender matched healthy controls. A regression analysis was performed to investigate whether free will cognitions at baseline were able to predict long-term OCD severity scores. RESULTS Patients with OCD and healthy controls do not seem to differ in terms of their beliefs in free will (U = 156.0; p = 0.864). Nonetheless, we found significant negative correlation between (i) duration of illness and strength of belief in determinism (ρ = -0.317; p = 0.016), (ii) age and perception of having alternative possibilities (ρ = -0.275; p = 0.038), and (iii) symptoms' severity and perception of having alternative possibilities (ρ = -0.415; p = 0.001). On the other hand, the experience of being an owner of ones' actions was positive correlated with the severity of symptoms (ρ = 0.538; p < 0.001) and were able to predict the severity of OCD symptoms at the follow up assessment. CONCLUSIONS Older individuals or those with a greater severity of symptoms seem to have a perception of decreased free will. In addition, patients with a longer duration of illness tend to have a lower strength of belief in determinism. Finally, the experience of being the owner of the compulsions, along with the baseline severity of symptoms, can be a predictor of a worse outcome in the OCD sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Moreira-de-Oliveira
- grid.472984.4D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Rio de Janeiro, Botafogo 22281-100 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XObsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B. de Menezes
- grid.472984.4D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Rio de Janeiro, Botafogo 22281-100 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XObsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luana D. Laurito
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XObsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla P. Loureiro
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XObsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samara dos Santos-Ribeiro
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XObsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F. Fontenelle
- grid.472984.4D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Rio de Janeiro, Botafogo 22281-100 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XObsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
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28
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Wake S, Verde AD, Biagi N, van Reekum CM, Morriss J. Just let me check: The role of individual differences in self-reported anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features on subjective, behavioural, and physiological indices during a checking task. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 179:43-55. [PMID: 35753565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Checking behaviour has been described as a form of preventative behaviour used by an individual to establish control over the environment and avoid future misfortune. However, when compulsive, checking behaviours can become disabling and distressing and have been linked to the maintenance of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Despite this, there is limited literature across the field that has assessed the impact of dimensional measures of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features (i.e., negative affect, uncertainty, and perfectionism) in driving checking behaviour. As such, the present study examined the impact of individual differences in self-reported anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features on subjective, behavioural, and physiological indices during a visual discrimination and checking task (n = 87). Higher self-reported anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features were associated with higher subjective ratings of unpleasantness and the urge to check during the task. Moreover, higher self-reported anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features related to general negative affect, uncertainty, and perfectionism were associated with greater checking frequency during the task. Lastly, stronger obsessional beliefs about perfectionism and the need for certainty were found to predict poorer accuracy, slower reaction times, and higher engagement of the corrugator supercilii during the task. In sum, these findings demonstrate how different anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features, in particular perfectionism and the need for certainty, may relate to and maintain checking behaviour in low threat contexts, which likely has implications for models of excessive and persistent checking in anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Wake
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Alberto Dalla Verde
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Nicolò Biagi
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Carien M van Reekum
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jayne Morriss
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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29
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Seok D, Tadayonnejad R, Wong WW, O'Neill J, Cockburn J, Bari AA, O'Doherty JP, Feusner JD. Neurocircuit dynamics of arbitration between decision-making strategies across obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103073. [PMID: 35689978 PMCID: PMC9192960 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRD) include OCD and BDD. Neural differences in decision-making arbitration may underlie OCRD symptoms. Resting-state effective connectivity was used to assess arbitration circuitry. Greater left putamen inhibition via left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in OCRD. Stronger left putamen inhibition was correlated with less severe symptoms.
Obsessions and compulsions are central components of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive–compulsive related disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Compulsive behaviours may result from an imbalance of habitual and goal-directed decision-making strategies. The relationship between these symptoms and the neural circuitry underlying habitual and goal-directed decision-making, and the arbitration between these strategies, remains unknown. This study examined resting state effective connectivity between nodes of these systems in two cohorts with obsessions and compulsions, each compared with their own corresponding healthy controls: OCD (nOCD = 43; nhealthy = 24) and BDD (nBDD = 21; nhealthy = 16). In individuals with OCD, the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, a node of the arbitration system, exhibited more inhibitory causal influence over the left posterolateral putamen, a node of the habitual system, compared with controls. Inhibitory causal influence in this connection showed a trend for a similar pattern in individuals with BDD compared with controls. Those with stronger negative connectivity had lower obsession and compulsion severity in both those with OCD and those with BDD. These relationships were not evident within the habitual or goal-directed circuits, nor were they associated with depressive or anxious symptomatology. These results suggest that abnormalities in the arbitration system may represent a shared neural phenotype across these two related disorders that is specific to obsessive–compulsive symptoms. In addition to nosological implications, these results identify potential targets for novel, circuit-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darsol Seok
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Reza Tadayonnejad
- Division of Neuromodulation, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1200 E. California Blvd., Code 228-77, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Wan-Wa Wong
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Joseph O'Neill
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Jeff Cockburn
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1200 E. California Blvd., Code 228-77, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ausaf A Bari
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - John P O'Doherty
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1200 E. California Blvd., Code 228-77, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Computation & Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jamie D Feusner
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Women's and Children's Health, The Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77 Solna, Sweden.
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Rasmussen AR, Parnas J. What is obsession? Differentiating obsessive-compulsive disorder and the schizophrenia spectrum. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:1-8. [PMID: 35219003 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms are frequent in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and often cause differential diagnostic challenges, especially in first-contact patients. Drawing upon phenomenology of cognition, we critically review classic and contemporary psychopathological notions of obsessive-compulsive phenomena and discuss their relevance for differential diagnosis between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The classic psychopathological literature defines true obsession as intrusions with intact resistance and insight and regards these features as essential to the diagnosis of OCD. In schizophrenia, the classic literature describes pseudo-obsessive-compulsive phenomena characterized by lack of resistance and an affinity with other symptoms such as thought disorder and catatonia. By contrast, the notions of obsession and compulsion are broader and conceptually vague in current diagnostic systems and research instruments. Here, these phenomena overlap with delusions as well as various subjective and behavioral anomalies, which we discuss in detail. Furthermore, we examine a link between obsessive-compulsive phenomena and disturbances of basic structures of experience in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders addressed in contemporary psychopathological research. We suggest that these experiential alterations have relevance for differential diagnosis and early detection in this complex symptom domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rosén Rasmussen
- Mental Health Center Amager, University of Copenhagen, Broendby, Denmark; Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Josef Parnas
- Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Subjectivity Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fremont R, Dworkin J, Manoochehri M, Krueger F, Huey E, Grafman J. Damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with repetitive compulsive behaviors in patients with penetrating brain injury. BMJ Neurol Open 2022; 4:e000229. [PMID: 35519903 PMCID: PMC9020295 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2021-000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Damage to cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits is associated with the development of repetitive behaviours in animals and humans. However, the types of repetitive behaviours that are developed after injury to these structures are poorly defined. This study examines the effect of damage to separate elements of CSTC circuits sustained by veterans of the Vietnam War on obsessions, compulsions, and tics. Methods We performed partial correlations (correcting for cognition, age, education, and global brain damage) between volume loss from traumatic brain injury in specific elements of CSTC circuits (lateral and medial orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, and basal ganglia) and scores on a modified version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale in 83 Vietnam war veterans with penetrating brain injuries at different sites throughout the brain. Results We found that volume loss in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was associated with the development of compulsive behaviours (r=0.32, padj<0.05) whereas volume loss in the basal ganglia was associated with the development of tics (r=0.33, padj<0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicate that damage to specific CSTC elements can be associated with the development of compulsive behaviours and tics that are not necessarily accompanied by obsessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Fremont
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordan Dworkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Masood Manoochehri
- Taub Insitute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frank Krueger
- Molecular Neuroscience Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Edward Huey
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Brain Injury Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Brown VM, Gillan CM, Renard M, Kaskie R, Degutis M, Wears A, Siegle GJ, Ferrarelli F, Ahmari SE, Price RB. A double-blind study assessing the impact of orbitofrontal theta burst stimulation on goal-directed behavior. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2022; 131:287-300. [PMID: 35230864 PMCID: PMC9439586 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Patients with disorders of compulsivity show impairments in goal-directed behavior, which have been linked to orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) dysfunction. We recently showed that continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), which reduces OFC activity, had a beneficial effect on compulsive behaviors both immediately and at 1 week follow-up compared with inhibitory TBS (iTBS). In this same sample, we investigated whether two behavioral measures of goal-directed control (devaluation success on a habit override task; model-based planning on the two-step task) were also affected by acute modulation of OFC activity. Overall, model-based planning and devaluation success were significantly related to each other and (for devaluation success) to symptoms in our transdiagnostic clinical sample. These measures were moderately to highly stable across time. In individuals with low levels of model-based planning, active cTBS improved devaluation success. Analogous to previously reported clinical effects, this effect was specific to cTBS and not iTBS. Overall, results suggested that measures of goal directed behavior are reliable but less affected by cTBS than clinical self-report. Future research should continue to examine longitudinal changes in behavioral measures to determine their temporal relationship with symptom improvement after treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire M Gillan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin
| | | | | | | | - Anna Wears
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
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Hollunder B, Rajamani N, Siddiqi SH, Finke C, Kühn AA, Mayberg HS, Fox MD, Neudorfer C, Horn A. Toward personalized medicine in connectomic deep brain stimulation. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 210:102211. [PMID: 34958874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At the group-level, deep brain stimulation leads to significant therapeutic benefit in a multitude of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. At the single-patient level, however, symptoms may sometimes persist despite "optimal" electrode placement at established treatment coordinates. This may be partly explained by limitations of disease-centric strategies that are unable to account for heterogeneous phenotypes and comorbidities observed in clinical practice. Instead, tailoring electrode placement and programming to individual patients' symptom profiles may increase the fraction of top-responding patients. Here, we propose a three-step, circuit-based framework with the aim of developing patient-specific treatment targets that address the unique symptom constellation prevalent in each patient. First, we describe how a symptom network target library could be established by mapping beneficial or undesirable DBS effects to distinct circuits based on (retrospective) group-level data. Second, we suggest ways of matching the resulting symptom networks to circuits defined in the individual patient (template matching). Third, we introduce network blending as a strategy to calculate optimal stimulation targets and parameters by selecting and weighting a set of symptom-specific networks based on the symptom profile and subjective priorities of the individual patient. We integrate the approach with published literature and conclude by discussing limitations and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hollunder
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nanditha Rajamani
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shan H Siddiqi
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carsten Finke
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael D Fox
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Neudorfer
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Horn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Apšvalka D, Ferreira CS, Schmitz TW, Rowe JB, Anderson MC. Dynamic targeting enables domain-general inhibitory control over action and thought by the prefrontal cortex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:274. [PMID: 35022447 PMCID: PMC8755760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, inhibitory control has featured prominently in accounts of how humans and other organisms regulate their behaviour and thought. Previous work on how the brain stops actions and thoughts, however, has emphasised distinct prefrontal regions supporting these functions, suggesting domain-specific mechanisms. Here we show that stopping actions and thoughts recruits common regions in the right dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex to suppress diverse content, via dynamic targeting. Within each region, classifiers trained to distinguish action-stopping from action-execution also identify when people are suppressing their thoughts (and vice versa). Effective connectivity analysis reveals that both prefrontal regions contribute to action and thought stopping by targeting the motor cortex or the hippocampus, depending on the goal, to suppress their task-specific activity. These findings support the existence of a domain-general system that underlies inhibitory control and establish Dynamic Targeting as a mechanism enabling this ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dace Apšvalka
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK.
| | | | - Taylor W Schmitz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - James B Rowe
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Michael C Anderson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK.
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
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Balzus L, Klawohn J, Elsner B, Schmidt S, Brandt SA, Kathmann N. Non-invasive brain stimulation modulates neural correlates of performance monitoring in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 35:103113. [PMID: 35870380 PMCID: PMC9421486 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of tDCS on performance monitoring examined in OCD and healthy individuals. A preregistered, randomized, sham-controlled tDCS–EEG study was conducted. Cathodal tDCS over the pre-SMA reduced the error-related negativity (ERN). Correct-response negativity was enhanced, error positivity reduced by cathodal tDCS. The findings substantiate the role of the ERN as a target for new interventions.
Overactive performance monitoring, as reflected by enhanced neural responses to errors (the error-related negativity, ERN), is considered a biomarker for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and may be a promising target for novel treatment approaches. Prior research suggests that non-invasive brain stimulation with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may reduce the ERN in healthy individuals, yet no study has investigated its efficacy in attenuating the ERN in OCD. In this preregistered, randomized, sham-controlled, crossover study, we investigated effects of tDCS on performance monitoring in patients with OCD (n = 28) and healthy individuals (n = 28). Cathodal and sham tDCS was applied over the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in two sessions, each followed by electroencephalogram recording during a flanker task. Cathodal tDCS reduced the ERN amplitude compared to sham tDCS, albeit this effect was only marginally significant (p = .052; mean difference: 0.86 μV). Additionally, cathodal tDCS reduced the correct-response negativity and increased the error positivity. These neural modulations were not accompanied by behavioral changes. Moreover, we found no evidence that the tDCS effect was more pronounced in the patient group. In summary, our findings indicate that tDCS over the pre-SMA modulates neural correlates of performance monitoring across groups. Therefore, this study represents a valuable starting point for future research to determine whether repeated tDCS application induces a more pronounced ERN attenuation and normalizes aberrant performance monitoring in the long term, thereby potentially alleviating obsessive-compulsive symptoms and providing a psychophysiological intervention strategy for individuals who do not benefit sufficiently from existing interventions.
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Kuhn T, Haroon J, Spivak NM. A Systematic Approach to Neuropsychiatric Intervention: Functional Neuroanatomy Underlying Symptom Domains as Targets for Treatment. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2022; 20:45-54. [PMID: 35746937 PMCID: PMC9063598 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20210024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An ever-growing population experiences a wide range of psychopathologies, and there is now more than ever a need for clear differential diagnoses between disorders. Furthering this need is the fact that many psychological, psychiatric, and neurological disorders have overlapping features. Functional neuroimaging has been shown to differentiate not only between the function of different brain structures but also between the roles of these structures in functional networks. The aim of this article is to aid in the goal of parsing out disorders on the basis of specific symptom domains by utilizing the most recent literature on functional networks. Current literature on the role of brain networks in relation to different psychopathological symptom domains is examined and corresponding circuit-based therapies that have been or may be used to treat them are discussed. Research on depression, obsession and compulsions, addiction, anxiety, and psychosis is reviewed. An understanding of networks and their specific dysfunctions opens the possibility of a new form of psychopathological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (all authors) and UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program (Spivak), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jonathan Haroon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (all authors) and UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program (Spivak), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Norman M Spivak
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (all authors) and UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program (Spivak), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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Ahmari SE, Rauch SL. The prefrontal cortex and OCD. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:211-224. [PMID: 34400778 PMCID: PMC8617188 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent and severe neuropsychiatric disorder, with an incidence of 1.5-3% worldwide. However, despite the clear public health burden of OCD and relatively well-defined symptom criteria, effective treatments are still limited, spotlighting the need for investigation of the neural substrates of the disorder. Human neuroimaging studies have consistently highlighted abnormal activity patterns in prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions and connected circuits in OCD during both symptom provocation and performance of neurocognitive tasks. Because of recent technical advances, these findings can now be leveraged to develop novel targeted interventions. Here we will highlight current theories regarding the role of the prefrontal cortex in the generation of OCD symptoms, discuss ways in which this knowledge can be used to improve treatments for this often disabling illness, and lay out challenges in the field for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne E Ahmari
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Scott L Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Rutherford LG, Milton AL. Deconstructing and reconstructing behaviour relevant to mental health disorders: The benefits of a psychological approach, with a focus on addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 133:104514. [PMID: 34958822 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RUTHERFORD, L.G. and Milton, A.L. Deconstructing and reconstructing behaviour relevant to mental health disorders: what can psychology offer? NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV XX(X)XXX-XXX, 2021. - Current treatments for mental health disorders are successful only for some patients, and there is an unmet clinical need for new treatment development. One challenge for treatment development has been how best to model complex human conditions in animals, where mechanism can be more readily studied with a range of neuroscientific techniques. We suggest that an approach to modelling based on associative animal learning theory provides a good framework for deconstructing complex mental health disorders such that they can be studied in animals. These individual simple models can subsequently be used in combination to 'reconstruct' a more complex model of the mental health disorder of interest. Using examples primarily from the field of drug addiction, we explore the 'psychological approach' and suggest that in addition to facilitating translation and backtranslation of tasks between animal models and patients, it is also highly concordant with the concept of triangulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy L Milton
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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39
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Orozco A, Cardoner N, Aragón CF, Ruiz-Murugarren S, Vicens M, Álvarez-Mon MÁ, Lahera G. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders: Influence of recent and/or traumatic life events. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2021; 14:218-226. [PMID: 34861930 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsmen.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) in anxiety-depressive disorders ranging from 30 to 67% has been described. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the presence and persistence of OCSs in an outpatient sample of subjects with anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as its relationship with recent life events (RLEs) and/or traumatic experiences (TEs). METHOD We conducted a prospective, observational, analytical study of 200 subjects with DSM-5 diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression. Participants were included by consecutive sampling and were evaluated at baseline and after 6-12 months (mean 8.5 months) of follow-up. The severity of the symptoms was assessed through the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS) and Hamilton Scale for the evaluation of depression (HRSD-17), and comorbidity was assessed through the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The Revised Inventory of Obsessions and Compulsions (OCI-R), the Recent Vital Changes Questionnaire (CVSV), and the Diagnostic Scale for Post-Traumatic Stress (PDS) were also administered. RESULTS 54% of the sample presented OCSs, and 30.5% presented one or more TEs throughout life. At the baseline visit, the presence of OCSs was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms (p=0.028), the presence of TEs (p<0.01), symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (p<0.01) and the number of RLEs (p<0.01). Response rate at follow-up was 38%, and persistence of OCSs was found in 60.5% of patients, independent of depressive or anxious symptoms, but was associated with the number of RLEs (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The presence of OCSs in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders is frequent and persistent. Anxious-depressive patients with a history of TEs and RLEs had higher OCS levels. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and the use of therapeutic strategies focused on resilience to stress and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Orozco
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Hospital Universitario Parc Taulí Sabadell, Barcelone, Spain
| | | | | | - María Vicens
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Infanta Leonor Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
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Zheng H, Luo G, Yao S, Wang S, Guo G, Quan D, Gao J. Predictors for 12-month long-term outcome in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: The influence of duration of untreated illness and age at onset. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:202-207. [PMID: 34700207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown whether the duration of untreated illness (DUI) may play a critical role in clinical improvement of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Using a relatively large sample of subjects with OCD, this study investigated the potential impact of the DUI on patients' clinical course and long-term treatment response. METHODS Two hundred and seven patients with OCD recruited by the OCD outpatient clinic of our university hospital participated in the study. The sample was divided into two groups according to the median DUI (DUI≤3 years and DUI >3 years). Patients were treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or venlafaxine for 48 weeks in open-label conditions. Treatment response and other clinical variables were analysed. RESULTS The total sample showed a mean (SD) DUI of 4.07 (3.5) years, and the mean (SD) illness duration was 6.27 (6.5) years. More than half of the patients had not been treated before (56.5% for OCD). With a median of 3 years as cutoff DUI, response rates were found to be significantly higher in subjects with a short DUI (p < 0.001). Regression analyses showed that a short (≤3 years) DUI and later age at onset predicted better response and higher Y-BOCS scores percentage changes at the endpoint of 48 weeks (β = -1.11, p = 0.003). In addition, there was no correlation between DUI and age of onset in the total patients (r = -0.13, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggests associations between a shorter duration of untreated OCD and favourable long-term outcomes, and a longer DUI with a worse clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Zheng
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guowei Luo
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Siyu Yao
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shibin Wang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangquan Guo
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Quan
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junling Gao
- Centre of Buddhist Studies, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Shahar N, Hauser TU, Moran R, Moutoussis M, Bullmore ET, Dolan RJ. Assigning the right credit to the wrong action: compulsivity in the general population is associated with augmented outcome-irrelevant value-based learning. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:564. [PMID: 34741013 PMCID: PMC8571313 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Compulsive behavior is enacted under a belief that a specific act controls the likelihood of an undesired future event. Compulsive behaviors are widespread in the general population despite having no causal relationship with events they aspire to influence. In the current study, we tested whether there is an increased tendency to assign value to aspects of a task that do not predict an outcome (i.e., outcome-irrelevant learning) among individuals with compulsive tendencies. We studied 514 healthy individuals who completed self-report compulsivity, anxiety, depression, and schizotypal measurements, and a well-established reinforcement-learning task (i.e., the two-step task). As expected, we found a positive relationship between compulsivity and outcome-irrelevant learning. Specifically, individuals who reported having stronger compulsive tendencies (e.g., washing, checking, grooming) also tended to assign value to response keys and stimuli locations that did not predict an outcome. Controlling for overall goal-directed abilities and the co-occurrence of anxious, depressive, or schizotypal tendencies did not impact these associations. These findings indicate that outcome-irrelevant learning processes may contribute to the expression of compulsivity in a general population setting. We highlight the need for future research on the formation of non-veridical action-outcome associations as a factor related to the occurrence and maintenance of compulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Shahar
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, WC1B 5EH, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Psychology Department, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Tobias U Hauser
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, WC1B 5EH, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Rani Moran
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, WC1B 5EH, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Michael Moutoussis
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, WC1B 5EH, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Raymond J Dolan
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, WC1B 5EH, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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42
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Bellato A, Norman L, Idrees I, Ogawa CY, Waitt A, Zuccolo PF, Tye C, Radua J, Groom MJ, Shephard E. A systematic review and meta-analysis of altered electrophysiological markers of performance monitoring in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Autism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:964-987. [PMID: 34687698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Altered performance monitoring is implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of electrophysiological correlates of performance monitoring (error-related negativity, ERN; error positivity, Pe; feedback-related negativity, FRN; feedback-P3) in individuals with OCD, GTS, ADHD or autism compared to control participants, or associations between correlates and symptoms/traits of these conditions. Meta-analyses on 97 studies (5890 participants) showed increased ERN in OCD (Hedge's g = 0.54[CIs:0.44,0.65]) and GTS (g = 0.99[CIs:0.05,1.93]). OCD also showed increased Pe (g = 0.51[CIs:0.21,0.81]) and FRN (g = 0.50[CIs:0.26,0.73]). ADHD and autism showed reduced ERN (ADHD: g=-0.47[CIs:-0.67,-0.26]; autism: g=-0.61[CIs:-1.10,-0.13]). ADHD also showed reduced Pe (g=-0.50[CIs:-0.69,-0.32]). These findings suggest overlap in electrophysiological markers of performance monitoring alterations in four common neurodevelopmental conditions, with increased amplitudes of the markers in OCD and GTS and decreased amplitudes in ADHD and autism. Implications of these findings in terms of shared and distinct performance monitoring alterations across these neurodevelopmental conditions are discussed. PROSPERO pre-registration code: CRD42019134612.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bellato
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK; Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luke Norman
- Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Iman Idrees
- Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carolina Y Ogawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Waitt
- Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pedro F Zuccolo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charlotte Tye
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK; Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Madeleine J Groom
- Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Shephard
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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43
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Seow TXF, Rouault M, Gillan CM, Fleming SM. How Local and Global Metacognition Shape Mental Health. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:436-446. [PMID: 34334187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metacognition is the ability to reflect on our own cognition and mental states. It is a critical aspect of human subjective experience and operates across many hierarchical levels of abstraction-encompassing local confidence in isolated decisions and global self-beliefs about our abilities and skills. Alterations in metacognition are considered foundational to neurologic and psychiatric disorders, but research has mostly focused on local metacognitive computations, missing out on the role of global aspects of metacognition. Here, we first review current behavioral and neural metrics of local metacognition that lay the foundation for this research. We then address the neurocognitive underpinnings of global metacognition uncovered by recent studies. Finally, we outline a theoretical framework in which higher hierarchical levels of metacognition may help identify the role of maladaptive metacognitive evaluation in mental health conditions, particularly when combined with transdiagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia X F Seow
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marion Rouault
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d'études cognitives, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et computationnelles, Département d'études cognitives, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Claire M Gillan
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen M Fleming
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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44
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Abstract
Why has computational psychiatry yet to influence routine clinical practice? One reason may be that it has neglected context and temporal dynamics in the models of certain mental health problems. We develop three heuristics for estimating whether time and context are important to a mental health problem: Is it characterized by a core neurobiological mechanism? Does it follow a straightforward natural trajectory? And is intentional mental content peripheral to the problem? For many problems the answers are no, suggesting that modeling time and context is critical. We review computational psychiatry advances toward this end, including modeling state variation, using domain-specific stimuli, and interpreting differences in context. We discuss complementary network and complex systems approaches. Novel methods and unification with adjacent fields may inspire a new generation of computational psychiatry. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Hitchcock
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA; ,
| | - Eiko I Fried
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Michael J Frank
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA; , .,Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02192
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45
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Shephard E, Stern ER, van den Heuvel OA, Costa DL, Batistuzzo MC, Godoy PB, Lopes AC, Brunoni AR, Hoexter MQ, Shavitt RG, Reddy JY, Lochner C, Stein DJ, Simpson HB, Miguel EC. Toward a neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4583-4604. [PMID: 33414496 PMCID: PMC8260628 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-01007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An important challenge in mental health research is to translate findings from cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging research into effective treatments that target the neurobiological alterations involved in psychiatric symptoms. To address this challenge, in this review we propose a heuristic neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We do this by integrating information from several sources. First, we provide case vignettes in which patients with OCD describe their symptoms and discuss different clinical profiles in the phenotypic expression of the condition. Second, we link variations in these clinical profiles to underlying neurocircuit dysfunctions, drawing on findings from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies in OCD. Third, we consider behavioral, pharmacological, and neuromodulatory treatments that could target those specific neurocircuit dysfunctions. Finally, we suggest methods of testing this neurocircuit-based taxonomy as well as important limitations to this approach that should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Shephard
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Emily R. Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, The New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Odile A. van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L.C. Costa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C. Batistuzzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla B.G. Godoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Lopes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre R. Brunoni
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Q. Hoexter
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roseli G. Shavitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janardhan Y.C Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry OCD Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H. Blair Simpson
- Center for OCD and Related Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York New York
| | - Euripedes C. Miguel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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46
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Strom NI, Grove J, Meier SM, Bækvad-Hansen M, Becker Nissen J, Damm Als T, Halvorsen M, Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB, Hougaard DM, Werge T, Mors O, Børglum AD, Crowley JJ, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Mattheisen M. Polygenic Heterogeneity Across Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Subgroups Defined by a Comorbid Diagnosis. Front Genet 2021; 12:711624. [PMID: 34531895 PMCID: PMC8438210 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.711624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 65-85% manifest another psychiatric disorder concomitantly or at some other time point during their life. OCD is highly heritable, as are many of its comorbidities. A possible genetic heterogeneity of OCD in relation to its comorbid conditions, however, has not yet been exhaustively explored. We used a framework of different approaches to study the genetic relationship of OCD with three commonly observed comorbidities, namely major depressive disorder (MDD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). First, using publicly available summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies, we compared genetic correlation patterns for OCD, MDD, ADHD, and ASD with 861 somatic and mental health phenotypes. Secondly, we examined how polygenic risk scores (PRS) of eight traits that showed heterogeneous correlation patterns with OCD, MDD, ADHD, and ASD partitioned across comorbid subgroups in OCD using independent unpublished data from the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH). The comorbid subgroups comprised of patients with only OCD (N = 366), OCD and MDD (N = 1,052), OCD and ADHD (N = 443), OCD and ASD (N = 388), and OCD with more than 1 comorbidity (N = 429). We found that PRS of all traits but BMI were significantly associated with OCD across all subgroups (neuroticism: p = 1.19 × 10-32, bipolar disorder: p = 7.51 × 10-8, anorexia nervosa: p = 3.52 × 10-20, age at first birth: p = 9.38 × 10-5, educational attainment: p = 1.56 × 10-4, OCD: p = 1.87 × 10-6, insomnia: p = 2.61 × 10-5, BMI: p = 0.15). For age at first birth, educational attainment, and insomnia PRS estimates significantly differed across comorbid subgroups (p = 2.29 × 10-4, p = 1.63 × 10-4, and p = 0.045, respectively). Especially for anorexia nervosa, age at first birth, educational attainment, insomnia, and neuroticism the correlation patterns that emerged from genetic correlation analysis of OCD, MDD, ADHD, and ASD were mirrored in the PRS associations with the respective comorbid OCD groups. Dissecting the polygenic architecture, we found both quantitative and qualitative polygenic heterogeneity across OCD comorbid subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora I. Strom
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomedicine and the iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Grove
- Department of Biomedicine and the iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sandra M. Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Judith Becker Nissen
- Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Risskov, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Thomas Damm Als
- Department of Biomedicine and the iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthew Halvorsen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preben B. Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David M. Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine and the iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - James J. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomedicine and the iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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47
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Doi S, Kobayashi Y, Takebayashi Y, Mizokawa E, Nakagawa A, Mimura M, Horikoshi M. Associations of Autism Traits With Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms and Well-Being in Patients With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:697717. [PMID: 34393929 PMCID: PMC8360877 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.697717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the association of autism traits with long-term obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and well-being levels in patient with OCD. Participants comprised 18 outpatients from a tertiary hospital and 100 adults who were registered in a large Japanese internet marketing research company and met OCD criteria by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and were between the ages of 20 and 65 years. Clinical characteristics, autism trait assessed using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), OCD symptoms assessed using Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and well-being assessed using the Flourishing Scale were assessed. Multiple regression analyses showed that a greater total score of AQ, a greater subscale score "imagination" was associated with a greater score of Y-BOCS. Greater total score of AQ, a greater subscale score "social skill," and "imagination" were associated with lower well-being score. Autism traits, especially lack of imagination, were associated with more severe OCD symptoms. Further, autism traits, especially social skill problems and lack of imagination, were associated with lower levels of well-being. Assessment of autism traits before treatment and a strategy designed for OCD patients with autism traits may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Takebayashi
- Department of Health Risk Communication, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Atsuo Nakagawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Horikoshi
- National Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Abstract
Improvements in understanding the neurobiological basis of mental illness have unfortunately not translated into major advances in treatment. At this point, it is clear that psychiatric disorders are exceedingly complex and that, in order to account for and leverage this complexity, we need to collect longitudinal data sets from much larger and more diverse samples than is practical using traditional methods. We discuss how smartphone-based research methods have the potential to dramatically advance our understanding of the neuroscience of mental health. This, we expect, will take the form of complementing lab-based hard neuroscience research with dense sampling of cognitive tests, clinical questionnaires, passive data from smartphone sensors, and experience-sampling data as people go about their daily lives. Theory- and data-driven approaches can help make sense of these rich data sets, and the combination of computational tools and the big data that smartphones make possible has great potential value for researchers wishing to understand how aspects of brain function give rise to, or emerge from, states of mental health and illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Gillan
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Robb B Rutledge
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
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49
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Lutz MC, Kok R, Franken IHA. Event-related potential (ERP) measures of error processing as biomarkers of externalizing disorders: A narrative review. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 166:151-159. [PMID: 34146603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that electrophysiological measures of error processing are affected in patients at risk or diagnosed with internalizing disorders, hence, suggesting that error processing could be a suitable biomarker for internalizing disorders. In this narrative review, we will evaluate studies that address the role of event-related potential (ERP) measures of error-processing in externalizing disorders and discuss to what extend these can be considered a biomarker for externalizing disorders. Currently, there is evidence for the notion that electrophysiological indices of error processing such as the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) are reduced in individuals with substance use disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and in forensic populations. However, it remains unclear whether this is also the case for other understudied disorders such as behavioral addiction. Furthermore, to fully understand how these deficits affect day to day behavior, we encourage research to focus on testing current theories and hypotheses of ERN and Pe. In addition, we argue that within an externalizing disorder, individual differences in error processing deficits may be related to prognosis and gender of the patient, methodological issues and presence of comorbidity. Next, we review studies that have related treatment trajectories with ERP measures of error processing, and we discuss the prospect of improving error processing as a treatment option. We conclude that ERP measures of error processing are candidate biomarkers for externalizing disorders, albeit we strongly urge researchers to continue looking into the predictive value of these measures in the etiology and treatment outcome through multi-method and longitudinal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C Lutz
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Kok
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingmar H A Franken
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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50
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Deepthi K, Roopesh BN, Balachander S, Vijay Sagar JK, Kandavel T, Reddy YCJ. Neuropsychological performance in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:301-310. [PMID: 33892268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity of literature on neuropsychological functions in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Most studies have small sample sizes and have yielded inconsistent results. A recent meta-analysis failed to identify any significant impairments. We studied neuropsychological functions (attention, verbal fluency, working memory, set-shifting, response inhibition, planning and visuospatial abilities) in a large sample of youth with OCD (n = 97) in comparison with controls who did not have OCD (n = 50). After controlling for the confounding effects (age, sex, severity of depression and anxiety, presence of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, any tic disorder, number of comorbidities, and non-verbal intelligence measured by the standard progressive matrices), the youth with OCD significantly underperformed with large effect sizes compared to controls, only on the test of 'behavioral reversal', measured by the Object Alternation Test (trials to reach criterion p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.49; perseverative errors p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.31). Patients also underperformed on a task of planning, but it was statistically insignificant. Certain comorbid disorders, antipsychotic use and age of onset did not influence neuropsychological performance significantly. Our study demonstrates that youth with OCD may have impaired 'set-shifting' in the form of 'behavioral reversal' and possibly planning, findings broadly consistent with the literature in adults and with the fronto-striatal model of OCD. It is possible that youth may accumulate more neuropsychological impairments over a period, as the illness continues into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deepthi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Bangalore N Roopesh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Srinivas Balachander
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - John K Vijay Sagar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Thennarasau Kandavel
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Y C Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
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