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Liu J, Gao Y, Liu X, Wang H. Developmental trajectories of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence: The effect of social support and socioeconomic status. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2024. [PMID: 38949258 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in early adolescence has been amply documented. However, there has been little research on the progression of NSSI over time. Most studies have focused on the risk factors for NSSI, with less attention devoted to understanding the role of protective factors. This paper aimed to expand existing knowledge about the development of NSSI, with an emphasis on the impacts of protective factors such as social support and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS A total of 436 adolescents completed self-report surveys that addressed social support including friend, family, and teacher support, objective and subjective SES, and NSSI at three different points in time for 2 years. RESULTS Latent growth curve analyses revealed that NSSI increased across early adolescence to mid-adolescence. Support from friends and family negatively predicted adolescents' initial NSSI level. Furthermore, subjective SES negatively predicted the rate of NSSI. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to an understanding of the influences of both social support and SES on NSSI over time. NSSI interventions and education should include considerations of both the value of support from friends and family as well as subjective SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yemiao Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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2
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Kirshenbaum JS, Pagliaccio D, Bitran A, Xu E, Auerbach RP. Why do adolescents attempt suicide? Insights from leading ideation-to-action suicide theories: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:266. [PMID: 38937430 PMCID: PMC11211511 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents, and recent suicide theories have sought to clarify the factors that facilitate the transition from suicide ideation to action. Specifically, the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS), Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model (IMV), and Three Step Theory (3ST) have highlighted risk factors central to the formation of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors, which is necessary for suicide death. However, these models were initially developed and tested among adults, and given core socioemotional and neurodevelopmental differences in adolescents, the applicability of these models remains unclear. Directly addressing this gap in knowledge, this systematic review aimed to (1) describe the evidence of leading ideation-to-action theories (i.e., IPTS, IMV, 3ST) as they relate to suicide risk among adolescents, (2) integrate ideation-to-action theories within prevailing biological frameworks of adolescent suicide, and (3) provide recommendations for future adolescent suicide research. Overall, few studies provided a complete test of models in adolescent samples, and empirical research testing components of these theories provided mixed support. Future research would benefit from integrating neurodevelopmental and developmentally sensitive psychosocial frameworks to increase the applicability of ideation-to-action theories to adolescents. Further, utilizing real-time monitoring approaches may serve to further clarify the temporal association among risk factors and suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn S Kirshenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alma Bitran
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Rodman AM, Rosen ML, Kasparek SW, Mayes M, Lengua L, Meltzoff AN, McLaughlin KA. Social experiences and youth psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:366-378. [PMID: 36503551 PMCID: PMC10258229 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated stay-at-home orders resulted in a stark reduction in daily social interactions for children and adolescents. Given that peer relationships are especially important during this developmental stage, it is crucial to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social behavior and risk for psychopathology in children and adolescents. In a longitudinal sample (N=224) of children (7-10y) and adolescents (13-15y) assessed at three strategic time points (before the pandemic, during the initial stay-at-home order period, and six months later after the initial stay-at-home order period was lifted), we examine whether certain social factors protect against increases in stress-related psychopathology during the pandemic, controlling for pre-pandemic symptoms. Youth who reported less in-person and digital socialization, greater social isolation, and less social support had worsened psychopathology during the pandemic. Greater social isolation and decreased digital socialization during the pandemic were associated with greater risk for psychopathology after experiencing pandemic-related stressors. In addition, children, but not adolescents, who maintained some in-person socialization were less likely to develop internalizing symptoms following exposure to pandemic-related stressors. We identify social factors that promote well-being and resilience in youth during this societal event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Makeda Mayes
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington-Seattle
| | - Liliana Lengua
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington-Seattle
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Suh BC, Gallaway MS, Celaya MF. Supportive Relationships Mitigate the Effect of Cumulative Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences on Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Suicide Considerations-The Arizona Youth Risk Behavior Survey. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:161. [PMID: 38397273 PMCID: PMC10887230 DOI: 10.3390/children11020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Declining adolescent mental health is a significant public health concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing and stay-at-home orders have led to missed social connections with peers and adults outside households, and this has increased the risk of mental health problems in children and adolescents, particularly those with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Studies have shown that strong interpersonal support improves adolescent mental health. We examined the association between ACEs and poor mental health (including stress, anxiety, and depression) and how the presence of interpersonal support from caring adults and friends and school connectedness can mitigate this relationship among adolescents in Arizona. This study analyzed data from the 2021 Arizona Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS; n = 1181), a population-based survey conducted biennially across the United States. The Arizona sample included high school students in grades 9-12 who were enrolled in public and charter schools. This study revealed that nearly three of four adolescents experienced an ACE, and one of five experienced ≥4 ACEs. Compared with adolescents who experienced zero ACEs, those with ≥4 ACEs experienced less interpersonal support from caring adults, friends, and school and more frequently reported poor mental health and suicidal thoughts. However, adolescents with interpersonal support consistently reported lower rates of mental health issues, even with exposure to multiple ACEs. Post-pandemic programs to improve social relationships with adults, peers, and schools are critical, especially for adolescents with multiple adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin C. Suh
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ 85007, USA;
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5
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Gao Y, Liang C, Liu X, Bai R, Xing S. Self-esteem buffers the stress sensitizing effect of childhood maltreatment on adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:85-93. [PMID: 37865345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adversity in childhood increases the risk of psychopathology, perhaps by influencing sensitivity to recent stressful life events (SLEs). However, little is known about the stress-sensitizing effect of childhood adversity on nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), whether stress sensitization exists in specific types of SLEs, and the stress-buffering effect of self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate whether exposure to child maltreatment increases adolescent's vulnerability to the effects of dependent and independent SLEs on later NSSI and whether self-esteem buffers this risk. METHODS We conducted a two-wave study with 18-month intervals. 601 Chinese adolescents completed self-report measures of child maltreatment, SLEs, self-esteem, and NSSI. RESULTS Results supported the stress sensitization hypothesis for child maltreatment regarding dependent SLEs, with dependent SLEs significantly predicting later NSSI only in maltreated adolescents. Moreover, self-esteem buffered the relationship between dependent SLEs and NSSI in maltreated adolescents but amplified the relationship in non-maltreated adolescents. In the maltreated group, dependent SLEs predicted increased NSSI only in those with low self-esteem. In contrast, in the control group, dependent SLEs were significantly associated with NSSI in individuals with high self-esteem. LIMITATIONS We did not collect information on the timing of exposure to child maltreatment. Future studies that assess child maltreatment during critical periods of development may be able to identify sensitive period in which maltreatment sensitizes individuals to stress in adolescents. CONCLUSION Findings provide preliminary evidence that child maltreatment has a stress-sensitizing effect on adolescent NSSI. Improving self-esteem may mitigate the associations between SLEs and NSSI in adolescents exposed to child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemiao Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxi Liang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Bai
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shufen Xing
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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Núñez D, Gaete J, Guajardo V, Libuy N, Araneda AM, Contreras L, Donoso P, Ibañez C, Mundt AP. Brief Report: The Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Suicide-Related Behaviors Among 10th-Grade Secondary School Students. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:399-410. [PMID: 36330838 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2134067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The association between adverse childhood experiences and suicide-related behaviors (SRB) of adolescents has been widely studied in Western high-income countries, but not yet in Latin America. The aim of this study was to determine this association and to explore a dose-response relationship between adverse childhood experiences and SRB in Chile. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess adverse childhood experiences up to 1 year prior to the survey and SRB (suicide ideation and attempts) in a sample of secondary school students. Multilevel and multivariable logistic regressions were run with SRB as dependent and adverse childhood experiences as independent variables, adjusted by self-esteem, general mental health, friend and parental support, and the age at onset of cannabis and alcohol use. We included 7,458 adolescents (48.7% girls), mean age = 16.0 (SD = 0.7), and found a prevalence of 78.1% for at least one adverse childhood experience. The 6-month prevalence of suicidal ideation was 18.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.2%-19.0%), and the prevalence of suicide attempts was 5.0% (95% CI: 4.6-5.6). Among all adverse childhood experiences, only sexual abuse was a risk factor for both SRB. We also found an independent effect of the total number of adverse childhood experiences on suicidal ideation (p < .001) and on suicide attempts (p < .001). Additionally, ages at onset of alcohol and cannabis use were associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts, respectively. This is the first study exploring the influence of adverse childhood experiences on suicide-related behaviors in adolescents from Latin America.HIGHLIGHTSSexual abuse is associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in 10th-grade secondary school studentsThere is a dose-response effect between adverse childhood experiences and suicide-related behaviorAges at onset of alcohol and cannabis use were associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts, respectively.
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Clark KA, Pachankis JE, Dougherty LR, Katz BA, Hill KE, Klein DN, Kujawa A. Adolescents' Sexual Orientation and Behavioral and Neural Reactivity to Peer Acceptance and Rejection: The Moderating Role of Family Support. Clin Psychol Sci 2024; 12:115-132. [PMID: 38288008 PMCID: PMC10824405 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231158574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Sexual-minority adolescents frequently endure peer rejection, yet scant research has investigated sexual-orientation differences in behavioral and neural reactions to peer rejection and acceptance. In a community sample of adolescents approximately 15 years old (47.2% female; same-sex attracted: n = 36, exclusively other-sex attracted: n = 310), we examined associations among sexual orientation and behavioral and neural reactivity to peer feedback and the moderating role of family support. Participants completed a social-interaction task while electroencephalogram data were recorded in which they voted to accept/reject peers and, in turn, received peer acceptance/rejection feedback. Compared with heterosexual adolescents, sexual-minority adolescents engaged in more behavioral efforts to ingratiate after peer rejection and demonstrated more blunted neural reactivity to peer acceptance at low, but not medium or high, levels of family support. By using a simulated real-world social-interaction task, these results demonstrate that sexual-minority adolescents display distinct behavioral and neural reactions to peer acceptance and rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - John E. Pachankis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Clinical Psychological Science Public Health
| | | | | | - Kaylin E. Hill
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
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Cheong Y, Zhu Q, Wang C, Patel A, Ye Y. The roles of parenting, resilience, and interpersonal relationships on adolescents' mental health and stress-related growth during COVID-19. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1641-1652. [PMID: 37583052 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present longitudinal study investigated parenting style as a precursor for Chinese adolescents' stress-related growth and mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the mediating roles of intrapersonal resilience and interpersonal relationships (i.e., peer and parent-adolescent). METHODS Chinese adolescents in a middle school (7th grade) and their parents in Beijing, China, were invited to complete a survey at two time points (T1: September 2020, T2: June 2021). A total of 206 adolescents (52.9% boys; Mage = 12.90 years, SDage = 0.33) and parents (17.5% fathers, 82.4% mothers; Mage = 43.50 years, SDage = 4.76 years) were included in this study. RESULTS Results showed that Chinese parents' authoritarian, not authoritative parenting, predicted adolescents' mental health difficulties nine months later. In addition, parent-adolescent relationships, but not peer relationships nor resilience, mediated the relations between parenting style and stress-related growth. Adolescents' resilience predicted fewer mental health difficulties. CONCLUSION It is important to target multiple ecologies (e.g., family) of adolescents for promoting positive adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeram Cheong
- Asian American Studies Program, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Qianyu Zhu
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Cixin Wang
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Yijun Ye
- TsingHua University High School, Beijing, China
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Xu Y, Cao C. Interpersonal Stress and Late Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: Moderation by Perceptual Sensitivity to Facial Expression of Anger. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:2592-2605. [PMID: 37642781 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The interpersonal theories of depression highlight the role of interpersonal stress and individual's sensitivity to social rejection in the development of depression. However, previous research has tested their respective effects, whereas whether or not these two factors interact to affect depression, especially in ways of differential susceptibility or diathesis-stress, remains unknown. By adopting a morphed facial expressions recognition paradigm, the current study investigated the potential moderating role of perceptual sensitivity to facial expressions, especially that to angry expression which signaled social rejection, in the association between interpersonal stress and adolescent depressive symptoms. A total of 186 Chinese late adolescents (Mage = 21.16 ± 1.81 years; 73.7% females) participated in this study. The results demonstrated that perceptual sensitivity for angry faces, but not sad or happy faces, functioned as a plasticity factor significantly moderating the effect of interpersonal stress on depressive symptoms, which was consistent with hypothesis of differential susceptibility rather than diathesis-stress. No interactions were observed regarding non-interpersonal dimensions. These results were robust and survived a series of sensitivity analyses, including k-fold cross-validation test. The current findings highlight the crucial role of perceptual sensitivity to angry expression in explaining individual differences behind the links between interpersonal stress and adolescent depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Xu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cong Cao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Stickley A, Shirama A, Sumiyoshi T. Psychotic experiences, perceived stress, and suicidal ideation among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from Japan. Schizophr Res 2023; 260:49-55. [PMID: 37625223 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic experiences (PEs) have been linked to suicidality. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this association. This cross-sectional study examined the role of perceived stress in the association between PEs and suicidal ideation in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been linked to high levels of stress and an increase in suicidal behavior. METHODS Data were analyzed from an online sample of 1452 Japanese individuals aged 18 to 89 that were collected in February 2021. Information was obtained on past-year suicidal ideation and PEs, which were assessed with the PRIME Screen-Revised (PS-R). Perceived stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). Logistic regression was used to examine associations. RESULTS In an analysis adjusted for sociodemographic factors, PEs were associated with 2.4 times higher odds for past-year suicidal ideation. However, further adjusting the analysis for mental health (depressive symptoms) attenuated the association (OR: 1.49, 95%CI: 0.76-2.93). In an analysis adjusted for mental health, individuals with PEs and perceived stress had significantly higher odds for suicidal ideation (OR: 4.77, 95%CI: 1.83-12.44), while PEs without perceived stress were not linked to suicidal thoughts (OR: 0.47, 95%Cl: 0.13-1.77). A further analysis showed that stress mediated the PEs-suicidal ideation association. CONCLUSIONS Self-perceived stress plays an important role in the association between PEs and suicidal ideation. The detection and management of stress in people with PEs may help prevent negative outcomes such as suicidal thoughts and behaviors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Aya Shirama
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
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Ramos-Martín J, Pérez-Berlanga JM, Oliver J, Moreno-Küstner B. Non-lethal suicidal behavior in university students of Spain during COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1155171. [PMID: 37533884 PMCID: PMC10390698 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1155171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is the fourth external cause of death in the world, in persons between the ages of l5 and 29. The objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence of suicidal behavior in university students and analyze the relationship of suicide risk with psychological distress, resilience, and family and social support. Methods An observational and transversal study wherein the students at the University of Malaga (Spain) completed an online questionnaire which included items from different scales, sociodemographic and academic questions, and the subjective impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive analyses and prevalence rates of suicidal behavior were calculated, and bivariate analyses, multiple linear regression, and a mediation and moderation analyses were conducted. Results A total of 2,212 students completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of the last 6 months was 30.4% wishing for death, 14.7% suicidal ideation, 5% self-harm injuries, and 0.5% suicide attempts. Psychological distress, family and social support were linked to the risk of suicide. Lastly, resilience and family support measure and moderate the relation between psychological stress and suicide risk. Conclusion Psychological distress is a risk factor for suicidal behavior, while resilience and family and social support are linked to a lower risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramos-Martín
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Berlanga
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Oliver
- Grupo Andaluz de Investigación Psicosocial (GAP) (CTS-945), Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Moreno-Küstner
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Grupo Andaluz de Investigación Psicosocial (GAP) (CTS-945), Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
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12
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Wang LJZ, Lan Y, Liu SJ, Yan WS. Impact of the COVID-19 and psychological risk factors on non-suicidal self-injury behavior among high school students: a one-year follow-up study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:512. [PMID: 37452290 PMCID: PMC10349405 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior is a severe public health issue in adolescents. This study investigated the possible impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and analyzed psychological risk factors on adolescent NSSI. METHODS A one-year follow-up study was conducted in September 2019 (Time 1) and September 2020 (Time 2) among 3588 high school students. The completed follow-up participants (N = 2527) were classified into no NSSI (negative at both time points), emerging NSSI (negative at Time 1 but positive at Time 2), and sustained NSSI (positive at both time points) subgroups according to their NSSI behaviors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived family functioning, perceived school climate, negative life events, personality traits (neuroticism, impulsivity, and self-control) were assessed using self-report scales. RESULTS The data indicated an increase (10.3%) in the incidence of NSSI. Compared to no NSSI subjects, the emerging NSSI and sustained NSSI subgroups had lower perceived family functioning, higher neuroticism, higher impulse-system but lower self-control scores, and more negative life events. Logistic regressions revealed that after controlling for demographics, neuroticism and impulse-system levels at Time 1 positively predicted emerging NSSI behavior, and similarly, higher neuroticism and impulsivity and lower self-control at Time 1 predicted sustained NSSI behavior. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlighted the aggravated impact of the COVID-19 on NSSI, and suggested that individual neuroticism, impulsivity, and self-control traits might be crucial for the development of NSSI behavior among adolescent students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Jiao-Zi Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Su-Jiao Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Wan-Sen Yan
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, China.
- Guizhou Research Institute for Health Development, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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13
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Ma Y, Li Y, Xie X, Zhang Y, Ammerman BA, Lewis SP, Chen R, Yu Y, Li F, Tang J. The role of depressive symptoms and social support in the association of internet addiction with non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: a cohort study in China. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:322. [PMID: 37161436 PMCID: PMC10169141 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both internet addiction (IA) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are major public health concerns among adolescents, however, the association between IA and NSSI was not well understood. We aimed to investigate the association between IA and NSSI within a cohort study, and explore the mediated effect of depressive symptoms and the moderating effect of social support in the association. METHODS A total of 1530 adolescents aged 11-14 years who completed both the baseline (T1) and 14-month follow-up (T2) survey of the Chinese Adolescent Health Growth Cohort were included for the current analysis. IA, NSSI, depressive symptoms and social support were measured at T1; depressive symptoms and NSSI were measured again at T2. Structural equation models were employed to estimate the mediated effect of depressive symptoms and the moderating effect of social support in the association between IA and NSSI at T2. RESULTS IA was independently associated with an increased risk of NSSI at T2, with the total effect of 0.113 (95%CI 0.055-0.174). Depressive symptoms mediated the association between IA and NSSI at T2, and social support moderated the indirect but not the direct effect of IA on NSSI at T2. Sex differences were found on the mediated effect of depressive symptoms and the moderated mediation effect of social support. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that target adolescents' NSSI who also struggle with IA may need to focus on reducing depressive symptoms and elevating social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Child Healthcare, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Room 507, Block 2, Jinxiu Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Room 507, Block 2, Jinxiu Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Room 507, Block 2, Jinxiu Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Brooke A Ammerman
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Stephen P Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ruoling Chen
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Yizhen Yu
- Department of Maternal and Child Healthcare, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Zhongshan Health Care Center for Primary and Secondary Schools, Zhongshan City, P.R. China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Room 507, Block 2, Jinxiu Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China.
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14
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Cheong Y, Zhu Q, Wang C, He M, Ye Y. COVID-19 Stressful Life Events and Chinese Adolescents' Mental Health: Examining Resilience, Peer Relationship, and Parenting as Moderators. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2023; 43:577-602. [PMID: 38603289 PMCID: PMC9357748 DOI: 10.1177/02724316221114091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current study examines intrapersonal characteristics or factors (i.e., resilience), peer (i.e., quality of peer relationships), and family processes (i.e., parental involvement, critical comparison) as potential risk and protective factors for mental health of Chinese adolescents during COVID- 19 pandemic. A total of 504 seventh-grade students (52% boys) and their caregivers in Beijing, China completed an online survey in September 2020. Youth reported experiencing various COVID-19-related stressful life events (i.e., conflicts with parents, poor learning environment and efficiency, family financial pressure), and about 15% reported slightly elevated scores of mental health difficulties. Findings suggested personal resilience and quality of peer relationship predicted positive mental health (i.e., covitality or co-occurrence of positive psychological dispositions) and less mental health difficulties. Parent's critical comparison intensified the negative link between stressful life events and youth mental health. Implications for promoting youth mental health as schools reopen are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeram Cheong
- Asian American Studies Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Qianyu Zhu
- Department of Counseling, Higher
Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Cixin Wang
- Department of Counseling, Higher
Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Minxuan He
- Department of Psychology, Mount St. Mary’s
University, Emmitsburg, MD, USA
| | - Yijun Ye
- TsingHua University High
School, Beijing, China
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15
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Consequences of Victimization on Perceived Friend Support during Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:519-532. [PMID: 36401707 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Victimization can harm youth in various ways and negatively affect their friendships with peers. Nevertheless, not all victimized youth are impacted similarly, and the literature is unclear regarding why some victims are more likely than others to experience friendship-based consequences. Using five waves of data on 901 adolescents (6th grade at wave 1; 47% male; 88% White) and a subsample of 492 victimized youth, this study assessed (1) whether victimization leads to decreases in perceived friend support, and (2) the factors that explain which victimized youth are most likely to experience decreases in perceived friend support. Explanatory factors included subsequent victimization, victims' social network status (self-reported number of friends, number of friendship nominations received), and victims' risky behaviors (affiliating with deviant friends, delinquency, aggression, binge drinking). Random effects regressions revealed that, among the full sample, victimization was linked to decreases in friend support. Among victimized youth, subsequent victimization and deviant friends decreased friend support. Having more friends was associated with increased friend support among victims, though this association weakened as the number of friends increased. The results emphasize that victimized youth are a heterogeneous group with varying risks of experiencing friendship-based consequences.
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16
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Chen Q, Song Y, Huang Y, Li C. The interactive effects of family violence and peer support on adolescent depressive symptoms: The mediating role of cognitive vulnerabilities. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:524-533. [PMID: 36496101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family violence as an inducing factor of depressive symptoms has been confirmed in previous studies. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood, particularly in Chinese adolescents. Guided by the social-ecological diathesis-stress model, this three-wave longitudinal study aimed to examine the effects of an individual's cognitive vulnerabilities (rejection-sensitivity anxiety and negative cognitive error) and positive societal contexts (peer support) on the link between family violence and depressive symptoms in Chinese society. METHODS A total of 859 Chinese adolescents (44.35 % female; Mage = 12.73, SD = 0.43 at baseline) completed self-reporting surveys that assessed variables associated with study and peer-nominated peer support. RESULTS The results showed that family violence increased the incidence of depressive symptoms in adolescents after two years, resulting in rejection-sensitivity anxiety and negative cognitive error. Surprisingly, higher self-reported peer support, although not peer-nominated support, exacerbated rather than mitigated this indirect effect, supporting the reverse stress-buffering model and extending the healthy context paradox. LIMITATIONS Most of the measures were based on participants' self-reports. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the importance of individual cognition and societal contexts in adolescents with traumatic experiences and provide empirical evidence for the intervention and clinical treatment of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yining Song
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuancheng Huang
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Caina Li
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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17
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Wang T, Yao Z, Liu Q, Zhao J, Wang X, Wong JPH, Vahabi M, Jia C. The Mediating Effect of Stress between Extracurricular Activities and Suicidal Ideation in Chinese College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3105. [PMID: 36833799 PMCID: PMC9963993 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between extracurricular activities, stress, and suicidal ideation and to examine the mediating effect of stress between extracurricular activities and suicidal ideation in Chinese college students. METHOD A total of 6446 college students were surveyed with a web-based online data collection system using the self-made demographic questionnaire, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and the 21-Item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). SPSS 24.0 was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, and the bootstrap method in the process procedure for SPSS Version 3.4.1 was used to construct the mediating effect model. RESULTS Gender, school grades, living area, and family income status were influencing factors for suicidal ideation, stress, and extracurricular activities. Extracurricular activities were negatively correlated with stress (r = -0.083, p < 0.001) and suicidal ideation (r = -0.039, p < 0.01). Extracurricular activities had no direct predictive effect on college students' suicidal ideation (c = -0.198, CI: -0.418, 0.023), while stress had a mediating effect between extracurricular activities and suicidal ideation; the indirect mediating effect was 0.159. CONCLUSIONS Extracurricular activities indirectly predict college students' suicidal ideation through stress. A variety of extracurricular activities can decrease the stress and suicidal ideation of college students and benefit their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhiying Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Student Counseling Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xinting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Josephine Pui-Hing Wong
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 1Z5, Canada
| | - Mandana Vahabi
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 1Z5, Canada
| | - Cunxian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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18
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Feller C, Ilen L, Eliez S, Schneider M. Characterizing Daily-Life Social Interactions in Adolescents and Young Adults with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Comparison Between Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:245-262. [PMID: 35018586 PMCID: PMC9889413 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Social impairments are common features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) allowed access to daily-life information in order to explore the phenomenology of social interactions. 32 individuals with 22q11DS, 26 individuals with ASD and 44 typically developing peers (TD) aged 12-30 were assessed during 6 days 8 times a day using a mobile app. Participants with 22q11DS and ASD did not spend more time alone but showed distinct implication in the social sphere than TD. Distinct profiles emerged between the two conditions regarding the subjective experience of aloneness and the subjective experience of social interactions. This study highlights distinct social functioning profiles in daily-life in 22q11DS and ASD that points towards different therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Feller
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40, Boulevard du Pont-d’Arve, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Ilen
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40, Boulevard du Pont-d’Arve, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40, Boulevard du Pont-d’Arve, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Feng L, Zhang L. Perceived teacher support, peer relationship, and university students' mental health: The mediation of reality and Internet altruistic behaviors. Front Psychol 2022; 13:999524. [PMID: 36643706 PMCID: PMC9835561 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.999524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying in universities is a crucial development stage for students, whose thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by interactions with their teachers and peers. This study explored the relationships between perceived teacher support and mental health as well as those between peer relationship and mental health among university students, and examined the mediating effects of reality and Internet altruistic behaviors on these relationships. Perceived teacher support questionnaire, peer relationship satisfaction questionnaire, self-reported altruism questionnaire, Internet altruistic behavior questionnaire, and general health questionnaire were administered to 553 university students. Results demonstrated that perceived teacher support and peer relationship positively predicted reality and Internet altruistic behaviors and positively predicted mental health. Reality and Internet altruistic behaviors positively predicted mental health and exerted significant mediating effects on the correlations between perceived teacher support and mental health as well as those between peer relationship and mental health. The male and female students differed insignificantly in the mediating effects of reality and Internet altruistic behaviors. Therefore, no matter for males or females, teachers should provide sufficient support for the students and establish favorable relationships with them. Friendly relationships, comfort, and active communication among peer students are also essential for creating a healthy and harmonious interaction environment. Those various factors of the school have impacts on the mental health of university students through their altruistic behaviors. This study suggests that further emphasis on teacher support and peer relationship is needed to promote the positive development of altruistic behaviors among university students, and ultimately provide a viable contribution to the university students' mental health interventions.
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20
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Different Effects of Perceived Social Support on the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Depression among University Students with Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms: A Multigroup Mediation Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112212. [PMID: 36360553 PMCID: PMC9690873 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While perceived social support can mediate the relationship between perceived stress and depression, little is known about the differences between individuals with high and low borderline personality disorder symptoms (BPDS). This study aimed to investigate the associations among perceived stress, perceived social support, and depression, and compare low and high levels of BPDS. Methods. This cross-sectional analysis was a secondary analysis of data from the SI-Bord study. University students across Thailand completed a screening instrument for borderline personality disorder, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Revised Thai Multi-dimensional Scales of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Patient-Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. Mediation analysis using PROCESS was applied to test the direct and indirect effects of perceived stress on depression. Multigroup mediational analysis was adopted to compare low and high levels of BPDS. Results. The mean age of the 330 participants was 20.27 (SD, 1.4) and 80% were female. Significant correlations were observed between the PSS, MSPSS, and PHQ scores, with greater magnitude among the high-level BPDS group (p < 0.001). A significant direct effect on perceived stress and a significant indirect effect on depression through perceived social support were noted. Of all the sources of social support, only the significant others variable significantly differed between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Perception of social support had a significant mediating role in perceived stress and depression. The magnitude of associations was remarkably high for individuals with high BPDS compared to those with low BPDS. Unlike those with low BPDS, all sources of social support were significant mediators between the two groups.
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21
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De Luca L, Giletta M, Nocentini A, Menesini E. Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescence: The Role of Pre-Existing Vulnerabilities and COVID-19-Related Stress. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:2383-2395. [PMID: 35986870 PMCID: PMC9392436 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFor many adolescents, the COVID-19 pandemic represents a uniquely challenging period, and concerns have been raised about whether COVID-19-related stress may increase the risk for self-injurious behaviors among adolescents. This study examined the impact of pre-existing vulnerabilities on the occurrence and frequency of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) through COVID-19-related stress, and whether the impact of COVID-19-related stress on NSSI was buffered by the perceived social support during the pandemic. Participants were 1061 adolescents (52.40% females; Mage = 15.49 years, SD = 0.76) from a two-wave longitudinal study, which included assessments before the COVID-19 onset and one year later the declaration of the pandemic. Path analyses showed that adolescents with a prior history of NSSI, higher levels of internalizing symptoms, and poor regulatory emotional self-efficacy before the COVID-19 pandemic reported higher levels of COVID-19-related stress which in turn increased their risk to engage in NSSI. Besides, the findings did not support the role of social support as a moderator of the association between COVID-19 related stress and the occurrence/frequency of NSSI. These findings suggest that enhanced stress perception may serve as a key pathway for the continuation and development of NSSI among vulnerable adolescents facing adverse life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa De Luca
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Matteo Giletta
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annalaura Nocentini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ersilia Menesini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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22
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Otsuka T, Sugawara Y, Matsuyama S, Tsuji I. How does social support modify the association between psychological distress and risk of suicide death? Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:614-623. [PMID: 35543590 DOI: 10.1002/da.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support (SS) has been reported as a factor preventing suicide death, but whether this association is independent of mental status is unclear. The present study examined the effect modification of SS on the association between psychological distress status and risk of suicide death. METHODS Follow-up data for 43,015 subjects participating in a prospective cohort study were analyzed. At baseline, the subjects were asked about SS and mental status with the Kessler six-item Distress (K6) Scale. A Cox model was used to estimate the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of suicide death according to two levels of psychological distress (K6 ≤ 4, K6 ≥ 5). The HRs in each SS subtype (emotional and instrumental) were also calculated. RESULTS There was a significant association between SS and a lower risk of suicide death in the stratum of K6 ≥ 5, with an HR of 0.58 (95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.96). On the other hand, the association with the K6 ≤ 4 strata was not significant. CONCLUSION SS appears to be associated with a lower risk of suicide death only among participants with moderate or severe psychological distress. These results imply that early detection of psychological distress and provision of SS is important for preventing suicide death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsui Otsuka
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sanae Matsuyama
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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23
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Grocott LR, Mair A, Galione JN, Armey MF, Huang J, Nugent NR. Days with and without self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: Impact of childhood maltreatment on adolescent online social networking. J Adolesc 2022; 94:748-762. [PMID: 35695124 PMCID: PMC9297222 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among adolescents, an increasing rate of interpersonal interactions occurs online. Previous research has shown that interpersonal context exerts a robust impact on suicidal thoughts or behaviors, yet little attention has focused on examining the content of online interactions surrounding self-injurious thoughts or behaviors. As such, the present study sought to compare online social networking behaviors among adolescents on days with and without experiencing self-injurious thoughts or behaviors, as influenced by childhood maltreatment history. METHOD Adolescents aged 13-18 hospitalized for self-injurious thoughts or behaviors were recruited as part of an ongoing longitudinal study. A subsample (N = 22) of adolescents provided data from their online social networking platforms (i.e., text messages, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter). Using a mixed-methods approach, online social networking data on days of experiencing self-injurious thoughts or behaviors and days of not experiencing self-injurious thoughts or behaviors were compared. RESULTS Results indicate the frequency and content of online social networking messaging do not change by day of self-injurious thoughts or behaviors or history of childhood maltreatment. However, childhood maltreatment predicts received conflictual messages as well as sent symptomatic messages on days of experiencing self-injurious thoughts or behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment may play a role in the content of adolescent online behaviors, particularly on days when they experience self-injurious thoughts or behaviors. Implications for intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Grocott
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anneliese Mair
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Janine N Galione
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michael F Armey
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jeff Huang
- Department of Computer Science, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicole R Nugent
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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24
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Mittmann G, Schmalwieser SS, Diendorfer T, Schrank B, Boeckle M. Peer Facilitators as Core Co-developers of an Online Peer Encouragement Network (OPEN2chat) for Austrian Adolescents. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:833006. [PMID: 35783598 PMCID: PMC9243355 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.833006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a crucial developmental time, and it is essential to ensure stable mental health during the transition to adulthood. Peer-to-peer networks seem to be a promising tool to support adolescents during that time. While co-development often concentrates on the end-user, this paper focuses on the peer facilitators of an online peer encouragement network (OPEN2chat), where adolescents can chat with peer facilitators about their problems. We conducted 3 group discussions with 18 peer facilitators after a testing phase to improve the process of these interactions. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data after transcription. The four main themes were the responsibility of the peer facilitators toward their peers, especially their role of giving advice; the interaction process itself; time management; and technology aspects of the application. Including these stakeholders in the development process empowered the young people, helped eliminate problems with the application, and made the researchers more sensitive toward potential issues and emotions that peer facilitators encounter that may have been missed without a co-development process. Eliminating these problems might also help establish a better environment and support system for the actual end-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Mittmann
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Scientific Working Group, D.O.T. - Die offene Tr (The open door), Krems, Austria
| | - Susanne Sophie Schmalwieser
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Scientific Working Group, D.O.T. - Die offene Tr (The open door), Krems, Austria
| | - Tamara Diendorfer
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Scientific Working Group, D.O.T. - Die offene Tr (The open door), Krems, Austria
| | - Beate Schrank
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Scientific Working Group, D.O.T. - Die offene Tr (The open door), Krems, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry for Adults, University Hospital Tulln, Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Boeckle
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Scientific Working Group, D.O.T. - Die offene Tr (The open door), Krems, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry for Adults, University Hospital Tulln, Tulln, Austria
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Does social support prevent suicidal ideation in women and men? Gender-sensitive analyses of an important protective factor within prospective community cohorts. J Affect Disord 2022; 306:157-166. [PMID: 35304236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation and behavior constitute important public mental health issues. In this study, we examined whether social integration prevents suicidal ideation over time and whether gender modifies this association. METHODS Data from the Gutenberg Health Study (population-based representative community sample in midwest Germany) and the Study of Health in Pomerania (population-based cohort study in northeast Germany) were used. Participants reporting low social support were compared to those receiving middle or high social support. Within a longitudinal study design, we calculated multiple logistic regression models including interaction terms and relevant covariates to test whether gender modified the association of social support and suicidal ideation. RESULTS Suicidal ideation was present in 7.4% (N = 982) of the pooled cohorts' 13,290 participants. More women (8.6%, N = 565) than men (6.2%, N = 417) reported suicidal ideation. Middle or high social support was associated with a lower probability to report suicidal ideation five years later after controlling for sociodemographic factors, living situation, and cohort (OR = 0.42, 95%-CI = 0.34-0.52). Male gender was negatively related to suicidal ideation, but no statistically significant interaction of gender and social support was found (ratio of ORs = 1.00, 95%-CI = 0.73-1.35). LIMITATIONS The number of people reporting suicidal ideation in the SHIP study was small, especially for men. Suicidal ideation was measured using a single item. CONCLUSIONS Social support is an important protective factor in preventing suicidal ideation for both women and men. Future research should further clarify gender-specific effects of family variables in suicidal ideation and test similar predictive models of suicidal behavior.
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Chen YL, Kuo PH. Social Support Reduces the Risk of Unfavorable Parenting Styles for Suicidal Behaviors in Early Adolescents. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 27:780-795. [PMID: 35481803 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2066590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and perceived stress are important risk factors for suicidal behaviors among adolescents. The current study examined the joint effects of parenting styles on suicidal ideation (SI) and attempt (SA) in early adolescents while considering relevant individual factors, and evaluated whether social support can offset the risk. METHODS The present study was part of a large cohort study aiming at tracing the mental health and risk behaviors in adolescents, and we utilized baseline data collected from 645 4th grade students with complete assessment of suicidal behaviors, social support, parental bonding, depression, and perceived stress. Participants' mean age was 9.97 years (SD = 0.38) with 53.02% boys. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the associations between independent variables and youth suicidal behaviors. RESULTS 16.28% students reported to have SI and 4.96% had SA. Depression (SI: OR = 3.66-3.89; SA: OR = 3.98-4.50), father's low care and high authoritarian (LCHA) (SI: OR = 3.04; SA: OR = 2.43), and low acceptance and high authoritarian (LAHA) (SI: OR = 3.58; SA: OR = 4.77) parenting styles were strong risk factors, while overall social support (SI: OR = 0.98; SA: OR = 0.97) was a protective factor of SI and SA for early adolescents. Perceived stress (OR = 1.07-1.08) and mother's LCHA parenting style (OR = 2.03) were risk factors of SI. Overall, a family with LCHA parenting (OR = 2.82) or LAHA parenting (OR = 3.35-3.72) regardless parental gender had increased risk for SI and SA. CONCLUSION Family and social factors are important to consider in suicidal prevention and interventions among early adolescents, in addition to assessing individual risk factors. HighlightsSuicidal ideations (16.28%) and attempts (4.96%) were prevalent in early adolescents at elementary schools. Depression status remains a significant risk factor for both SI and SA in early adolescents.Unfavorable parenting styles (LCHA or LAHA) increased the risk of SI and SA, especially received from father.Overall social support had independent protective effect on suicidal behaviors, when taking aforementioned individual and family risk factors into account.
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Hovmand PS, Calzada EJ, Gulbas LE, Kim SY, Chung S, Kuhlberg J, Hausmann-Stabile C, Zayas LH. System Dynamics of Cognitive Vulnerabilities and Family Support Among Latina Children and Adolescents. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2022; 25:131-149. [PMID: 35244814 PMCID: PMC8948134 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes an approach to developing a data-driven development of a feedback theory of cognitive vulnerabilities and family support focused on understanding the dynamics experienced among Latina children, adolescents, and families. Family support is understood to be a response to avoidant and maladaptive behaviors that may be characteristic of cognitive vulnerabilities commonly associated depression and suicidal ideation. A formal feedback theory is developed, appraised, and analyzed using a combination of secondary analysis of qualitative interviews (N = 30) and quantitative analysis using system dynamics modeling and simulation. Implications for prevention practice, treatment, and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Hovmand
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
| | - Esther J Calzada
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Lauren E Gulbas
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Department of Human Ecology, The University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | | | | | | | - Luis H Zayas
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas, Austin, USA
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School bullying associated suicidal risk in children and adolescents from Yunnan, China: The mediation of social support. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:392-399. [PMID: 34998803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the mediation of social support in the association between school bullying and suicidal risk among a large group of Chinese children and adolescents. METHOD In this two-wave cross-sectional study, we analyzed 6,063 children and adolescents from southwest China. A two-stage simple random clustering sampling method with probability proportionate to sample size design had been used to select study subjects. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models were adopted to determine the inter-associations between school bullying, suicidal risk indicators, and social support. Path models were further fitted to estimate the mediation of social support. RESULTS Compared with students who were not involved in school bullying, only victimization was associated with increased suicidal risk, the adjusted ORs for suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, and suicidal attempt were 2.06 (95% CI: 1.61-2.65), 2.07 (95% CI: 1.62-2.64), and 2.41 (95% CI: 1.90-3.05), respectively. Path model indicated that parental social support significantly mediated the association between bullying victimization and suicidal risk. For different types of victimization, only relational bullying victimization was associated with increased suicidal risk, social support from classmates and close friends presented as significant mediators. LIMITATIONS Causal inference cannot be made because of cross-sectional study design. Information was collected by using self-reporting method, the possibility of information bias exists. Generalization of study results could be limited. CONCLUSIONS Intervention measures on improving parental and peer social support may be effective in reducing school bullying victimization associated suicidal risk for Chinese children and adolescents.
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Exploring the role of family communication time in the association between family dinner frequency and adolescent psychological distress. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dizon JIWT, Mendoza NB. Low Perceived Social Rank Increases the Impact of Mental Health Symptoms on Suicidal Ideation: Evidence among Young Adults from the Philippines. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 27:522-539. [PMID: 34989659 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.2022050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Studies on social factors that could influence the mental health-suicidal ideation link remain scarce, especially in non-Western contexts. This study examined the relationship between mental health symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) and suicidal ideation and whether one's perceived social rank moderates such a relationship. Data from 631 students from two universities in the Philippines collected between October to December 2018 was analyzed. Bivariate correlations show that greater symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress are associated with increased suicidal ideation. Hierarchical linear regression models supported the direct relationship between mental health symptoms and suicidal ideation and demonstrated that perceived social rank significantly moderated such a relationship. Johnson-Neyman plots and simple slopes analyses further illustrate how mental health symptoms and perceived social rank interact to impact suicidal ideation. The results show that as one's perceived social rank lowers, the strength of the positive association between depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms to suicidal ideation strengthens. The results held while controlling for age, gender, college year level, and family income. The findings are discussed using the social rank theory and the Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) model of suicide to view suicidal ideation from both an individual and a social perspective. We expound on the role of low perceived social rank on suicidal ideation among young adults.HIGHLIGHTSHigher depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms are associated with higher suicidal ideation.Perceived social rank moderates the link between mental health symptoms and suicidal ideation.One's perception of being inferior to others can exacerbate suicidal ideation.
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COVID-19-Specific Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:1383-1390. [PMID: 34357502 PMCID: PMC8343358 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the presence and correlates of COVID-specific suicidal thoughts and behaviors (i.e., thoughts of or engaging in intentional COVID-19 exposure with associated suicidal intent) among psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. Adolescents (N = 143) completed study measures as part of the standard intake process between March 13th and August 14th, 2020. Participants answered questionnaires assessing COVID-specific passive and active suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal behavior, as well as COVID-related stressors and emotions, and public health guidance compliance. Findings highlights that COVID-specific SI is common in high-risk youth. COVID-specific SI was associated with COVID-19-related negative emotions, elevated stress, and decreased public health guidance compliance. Results suggest that COVID-specific suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and risk correlates, should be assessed within high-risk populations to facilitate prevention of risky behavior associated with intentional COVID-19 exposure.
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Liu H, Wang W, Qi Y, Zhang L. Suicidal ideation among Chinese survivors of childhood sexual abuse: Associations with rumination and perceived social support. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 123:105420. [PMID: 34902640 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have shown that childhood sexual abuse (CSA) experiences might be related to suicidal ideation in later life, its associations with rumination and perceived social support (PSS) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to expand prior findings among Chinese survivors of CSA to investigate rumination's effect on the association between CSA and suicidal ideation, and the potential moderating role of PSS in this relationship. METHODS The Childhood Sexual Abuse Questionnaire, the Ruminative Response Scale, the Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Symptom Checklist were completed by 6834 college students (56.61% females). RESULTS In all, 1400 (20.76%) students reported experiences of CSA. The rate of CSA in males was higher than that in females (24.23% vs. 18.10%). Students with CSA experiences reported a higher level of suicidal ideation than those without such experiences. CSA and rumination were positively related to suicidal ideation, and PSS were negatively related to CSA, rumination and suicidal ideation. CSA predicted suicidal ideation both directly and indirectly through rumination. PSS moderated the effect of rumination on suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the effects of rumination on the association between CSA and suicidal ideation, and the buffering role of PSS on the relationship between rumination and suicidal ideation in Chinese survivors with CSA experiences. These findings suggest that developing adaptive emotional regulation strategies and enhancing the level of PSS might contribute to the alleviation of negative influences from CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- School of Marxism, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wan Wang
- School of Marxism, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yanyan Qi
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Parise LF, Parise EM, Sial OK, Bolaños-Guzmán CA. Social Buffering is Dependent on Mutual Experience in Adolescent Male Mice Exposed to Social Defeat Stress. CHRONIC STRESS 2022; 6:24705470221111094. [PMID: 35874910 PMCID: PMC9305802 DOI: 10.1177/24705470221111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Individuals who experience emotional, physical, or sexual abuse as children suffer from higher rates of major depressive disorder, drug abuse, and suicide. Early life interventions such as peer support groups can be beneficial to adolescents who experience trauma, suggesting that social support is important in facilitating rehabilitation and promoting resiliency to stress. Although there are some animal paradigms that can model how peer-peer interactions influence stress-reactivity, less is known about how individual stress experiences influence the effectiveness of social buffering. Methods The vicarious social defeat stress (VSDS) paradigm allows for the assessment of two different stress modalities, physical (PS) and emotional (ES) stress, which confer different levels of stress with similar biological and behavioral outcomes. Using a modified VSDS paradigm in which pairs of mice experience ES and PS together we can begin to evaluate how stress exposure influences the buffering efficacy of social relationships. Adolescent mice (postnatal day 35) were randomly combined into dyads and were allocated into either mutual experience or cohabitation pairs. Within each dyad, one mouse was assigned to the physically stressed (PS) condition and was repeatedly exposed to an aggressive CD1 mouse while the other mouse was designated as the partner. In the mutual experience dyads the partner mice witnessed the defeat bout (ES) while in the cohabitation dyads the partner was separated from the PS mouse and returned after the 10 min defeat bout was terminated (non-stressed). After 10 days of defeat, mice were tested in the social interaction test (SIT), the elevated plus maze (EPM), and the forced swim test (FST). Results PS-exposed mice in the cohabitation dyads, but not those in the mutual experience dyads, showed significantly more avoidance of a novel CD1 aggressor or c57BL/6 mouse, in the SIT. Surprisingly, both partner conditions showed avoidance to a CD1. Interestingly, non-stressed partner mice spent less time in the open arms of the EPM, suggesting increased anxiety; only PS-exposed mice in cohabitation dyads showed more time spent immobile in the FST, indicative of increased learned helplessness. Conclusions These data suggest that the efficacy of social buffering can be mediated by individual stress experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyonna F. Parise
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric M. Parise
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omar K. Sial
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
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Paul E, Fancourt D. The interaction between social factors and adversities on self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal analysis of 49 227 UK adults. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e12. [PMID: 34931147 PMCID: PMC8674193 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2021.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about which factors exacerbate and buffer the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related adversities on changes in thinking about and engaging in self-harm over time. AIMS To examine how changes in four social factors contribute to changes in self-harm thoughts and behaviours over time and how these factors in turn interact with adversities and worries about adversities to increase risk for these outcomes. METHOD Data from 49 227 UK adults in the UCL COVID-19 Social Study were analysed across the first 59 weeks of the pandemic. Fixed-effects logistic regressions examined time-varying associations between social support quality, loneliness, number of days of face-to-face contact for >15 min and number of days phoning/video calling for ≥15 min with self-harm thoughts and behaviours. We then examined how these four factors in turn interacted with the total number of adversities and worries about adversity and how this affected outcomes. RESULTS Increases in the quality of social support were associated with decreases in the likelihood of both outcomes, whereas greater loneliness was associated with an increase in their likelihood. Associations were less clear for telephone/video contact and face-to-face contact with outcomes. Social support buffered and loneliness exacerbated the impact of adversity experiences on self-harm behaviours. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the importance of the quality of one's social support network, rather than the mere presence of contact, for reducing the likelihood of self-harm behaviours in the context of COVID-19 pandemic-related adversity and worry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Paul
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK
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Clayton MG, Pollak OH, Owens SA, Miller AB, Prinstein MJ. Advances in Research on Adolescent Suicide and a High Priority Agenda for Future Research. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:1068-1096. [PMID: 34820949 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death for adolescents in the United States, yet remarkably little is known regarding risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), relatively few federal grants and scientific publications focus on STBs, and few evidence-based approaches to prevent or treat STBs are available. This "decade in review" article discusses five domains of recent empirical findings that span biological, environmental, and contextual systems and can guide future research in this high priority area: (1) the role of the central nervous system; (2) physiological risk factors, including the peripheral nervous system; (3) proximal acute stress responses; (4) novel behavioral and psychological risk factors; and (5) broader societal factors impacting diverse populations and several additional nascent areas worthy of further investigation.
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The prevalence and correlates of depression before and after the COVID-19 pandemic declaration among urban refugee adolescents and youth in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda: A longitudinal cohort study. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 66:37-43. [PMID: 34785396 PMCID: PMC8590831 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose There is scant research examining urban refugee youth mental health outcomes, including potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine prevalence and ecosocial risk factors of depression in the periods before and after the COVID-19 pandemic declaration among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda. Methods Data from a cohort of refugee youth (n = 367) aged 16–24 years were collected in periods before (February 2020) and after (December 2020) the WHO COVID-19 pandemic declaration. We developed crude and adjusted generalized estimating equation logistic regression models to examine demographic and ecosocial factors (food insecurity, social support, intimate partner violence) associated with depression, and include time-ecosocial interactions to examine if associations differed before and after the pandemic declaration. Results The prevalence of depression was high, but there was no significant difference before (27.5%), and after (28.9%) the pandemic declaration (P = .583). In adjusted models, food insecurity (aOR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.21–5.33) and experiencing violence (aOR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.07–5.96) were associated with increased depression, and social support was associated with decreased depression (aOR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.81–0.89). Conclusions These findings highlight the urgent need for interventions to address chronic depression, food insecurity, and ongoing effects of violence exposure among urban refugee youth in Kampala.
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Applebaum JW, MacLean EL, McDonald SE. Love, fear, and the human-animal bond: On adversity and multispecies relationships. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 7. [PMID: 34485952 PMCID: PMC8415490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Love and strong social bonds are known buffers in the experience of adversity. Humans often form strong bonds with non-human animals. The human-animal bond refers to a mutually beneficial and dynamic relationship between humans and non-human animals. Previous research suggests that strong bonds with pets may promote resilience in the experience of adversity, but a strong bond with a pet can also complicate this very experience of adversity, particularly among low-resourced and disadvantaged populations. What is the role of the human-animal bond in adversity, and what is the role of adversity in the bond between a human and a non-human animal? In this article we outline the state of research on the role of various types and sources of adversities in multispecies households (i.e., families, relationships) to consider this overarching question. We focus specifically on intimate partner violence, housing discrimination, LGBTQ+ identity-based discrimination, racism, neighborhood disadvantage, and economic inequality. We then outline an agenda for future research about love, adversity, and multispecies relationships, and discuss implications for public policy and community-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Applebaum
- University of Florida, Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Evan L MacLean
- University of Arizona, School of Anthropology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shelby E McDonald
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, Richmond, VA, USA
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Perquier F, Hetrick S, Rodak T, Jing X, Wang W, Cost KT, Szatmari P, Aitken M. Association of parenting with suicidal ideation and attempts in children and youth: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Syst Rev 2021; 10:232. [PMID: 34391481 PMCID: PMC8364684 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of death in children and youth, with suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts (referred to as non-fatal suicidal behaviors (NFSB)) being among its strongest predictors. Positive parenting (e.g., warmth, responsiveness), negative parenting (e.g., control, hostility), and parent-child relationship quality (e.g., trust, communication) have been reported to be associated with differences in NFSB in this population. To date, no comprehensive systematic review has considered together the wide range of parenting factors studied in relation to NFSB, and no meta-analysis of existing findings has been conducted. The present study will critically appraise and synthesize the existing evidence from observational studies that examine the relationships between parenting factors and (i) suicidal ideation and (ii) suicide attempt in children and youth. METHODS Studies will be retrieved from APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases. Retrospective, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies, conducted in clinical and population settings, among youth aged less than 25 years and published as articles and dissertations in English or French will be eligible. Two reviewers will select articles using the Covidence Software after title and abstract screening and full-text assessment, will extract information using double data entry, and will appraise studies' quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Any disagreements will be discussed with a third reviewer. Publication bias will be evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test. In addition to a narrative summary of results, meta-analyses will be conducted using results from at least three studies. Three-level random effect models will allow to derive pooled estimates from dependent effect sizes (from the same sample or study). In case of significant heterogeneity, moderation analyses will be performed considering participants' characteristics and methodological aspects of studies. The results will be reported according to the PRISMA guidelines, and the certainty of evidence will be assessed using the GRADE approach. DISCUSSION In highlighting parenting factors associated with NFSB and in estimating the overall strength of these associations in children and youth, our results will inform further intervention and prevention strategies designed for young people experiencing NFSB and their families. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020165345.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Perquier
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Sarah Hetrick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Terri Rodak
- CAMH Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada
| | - Xin Jing
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen St W, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4 Canada
| | - Katherine T. Cost
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Burton Wing, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Burton Wing, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Madison Aitken
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
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Rissanen ML, Kekkonen V, Kraav SL, Kivimäki P, Laukkanen E, Hintikka J, Tolmunen T. Social support may prevent self-cutting in adolescence: A 5-year follow-up study. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2021; 34:343-351. [PMID: 34164876 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-cutting is common among adolescents. However, studies examining protective factors are rare. It has been suggested that social support may protect against self-cutting in adolescence. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of social relationships with the initiation of self-cutting. METHODS The participants were community-dwelling Finnish adolescents (N = 4171) aged 13-18 years at baseline. The follow-up assessment was conducted 5 years later (N = 794). Those adolescents who had self-cut before the baseline assessment (N = 134) were excluded from the analysis, leaving a total of 660 participants to be analyzed. In this group, 37 adolescents initiated self-cutting during the 5-year follow-up period and 623 did not. Cox's proportional hazards models were used with several adjustments for possible confounding factors. FINDINGS A higher age, male gender, good relationships with siblings, weekly meetings with friends, and personal experience of not being lonely associated with the noninitiation of self-cutting during the follow-up period. Good relationships with parents or peers had no association with the initiation of self-cutting. Depressive symptoms mediated the effect of subjective loneliness on initiating self-cutting. CONCLUSIONS Social support produced by friends may have a protective effect against self-cutting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja-Liisa Rissanen
- Unit of Health Care, Savonia University of Applied Sciences, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virve Kekkonen
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siiri-Liisi Kraav
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Petri Kivimäki
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,City of Helsinki, Pitäjänmäki Health Station, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eila Laukkanen
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Hintikka
- Department of Psychiatry, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Tolmunen
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Cheek SM, Goldston DB, Erkanli A, Massing-Schaffer M, Liu RT. Social Rejection and Suicidal Ideation and Attempts among Adolescents Following Hospitalization: a Prospective Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 48:123-133. [PMID: 31440932 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite research indicating that stressful life events are associated with subsequent suicidal ideation (SI) and behavior, there is a lack of clarity regarding whether specific types of life events are differentially related to SI and attempts. The current prospective study examines whether social rejection related life events are proximally related to SI and suicide attempts in a clinically acute sample of adolescents. Adolescents aged 12 to 18 (n = 219) were followed for 6 months after discharge from inpatient hospitalization. A contextual threat interview of stressful life events between index admission and 6-month follow-up was administered. Participants were also assessed for current SI and suicide attempts at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Results from a multiple linear regression model indicated a significant prospective association between number of social rejection stressors and SI, even after controlling for baseline depressive symptoms, SI at study entry, gender, age, and number of non-social rejections stressors. An Anderson-Gill recurrent events model was conducted to examine the relationship between SR stressors and suicide attempts. Results demonstrated that the 31 days following a major social rejection stressor were associated with heightened risk for prospective suicide attempts. However, social rejection stressors were not more strongly related to risk for suicide attempt than non-social rejection stressors. These findings help clarify the role of social rejection as a precipitant of suicidal crises and have potential to inform more accurate, targeted risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna M Cheek
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
| | - David B Goldston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alaattin Erkanli
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maya Massing-Schaffer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard T Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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41
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Duprey EB, Handley ED, Manly JT, Cicchetti D, Toth SL. Child maltreatment, recent stressful life events, and suicide ideation: A test of the stress sensitivity hypothesis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 113:104926. [PMID: 33444849 PMCID: PMC7880899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to child maltreatment is a well-known risk factor for suicide ideation among adolescents. Recent stressful life events may also contribute to this risk. However, the association between these risk factors is unclear in the etiology of suicide ideation for adolescents from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds. OBJECTIVE The present study tested the stress generation and stress sensitivity hypotheses in relation to child maltreatment, recent stressful life events (in the past year), and suicide ideation (in the past two weeks). PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We utilized a sample of diverse, socioeconomically disadvantaged, depressed adolescent girls (N = 175) who were part of a depression treatment intervention. RESULTS Child maltreatment was significantly associated with adolescent suicide ideation, β = .40, p < .001. Results supported the stress sensitivity hypothesis, in that exposure to interpersonal stressors in the past year exacerbated the association between child maltreatment and adolescents' suicide ideation, β = .18, p < .05. We found evidence for a protective factor, cognitive reappraisal, in the association between stressful life events and suicide ideation, β = -.15, p < .05. CONCLUSIONS These findings have several implications for clinical practice and suicide prevention with adolescent girls, and contribute to the extant literature on the role of chronic and acute stress in the etiology of adolescent suicide ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn B Duprey
- Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY, United States; Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY, United States.
| | - Elizabeth D Handley
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY, United States.
| | - Jody Todd Manly
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY, United States.
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY, United States; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| | - Sheree L Toth
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY, United States.
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Arenson M, Bernat E, De Los Reyes A, Neylan TC, Cohen BE. Social support, social network size, and suicidal ideation: A nine-year longitudinal analysis from the Mind Your Heart Study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 135:318-324. [PMID: 33545566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Substantial research has investigated the impact of social support on the development and course of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. However, its measurement has been inconsistent, and different facets of social support may have differential effects on suicidal ideation (SI). The present study used data from 743 veterans recruited between 2008 and 2010 as part of the Mind Your Heart Study to investigate the relationship between two aspects of social support (social network size and perceived social support) and SI over 9 years. Using the 9th item of the PHQ-9, we created two composite scores: (1, chronicity) the proportion of years the participant endorsed SI and (2, severity) the severity of SI across the follow-up period. We found that, when modeled individually, both larger social network size and greater perceived social support predicted lower SI chronicity (β=-.16, β = -0.19 respectively; ps < .001) and lower SI severity (β=-0.15 and β = -0.19, respectively; ps < .001). However, when modeled together and controlling for PTSD and depression symptoms, increased social network size but not perceived social support predicted lower SI chronicity (β=-0.09, p = .01 and β = 0.02, p = .48, respectively) and SI severity (β=-0.07, p = .045 and β = 0.01, p = .71, respectively). These findings suggest that social network size may be an important target for intervention, and that future work is needed to better delineate the effect of different features of social support on risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Arenson
- University of Maryland, College Park, 4094 Campus Drive, Campus Park, MD, 20742, USA; San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
| | - Edward Bernat
- University of Maryland, College Park, 4094 Campus Drive, Campus Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Andres De Los Reyes
- University of Maryland, College Park, 4094 Campus Drive, Campus Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA; University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Beth E Cohen
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA; University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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43
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Chu H, Yang Y, Zhou J, Wang W, Qiu X, Yang X, Qiao Z, Song X, Zhao E. Social Support and Suicide Risk Among Chinese University Students: A Mental Health Perspective. Front Public Health 2021; 9:566993. [PMID: 33681117 PMCID: PMC7925394 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.566993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: World Health Organization recognizes suicide as a public health priority. This study aimed to investigate the risk life events which led university students to consider suicide and explore the protective mechanism of social support (including subjective support, objective support, and support utilization) on suicide risk. Methods: Three thousand nine hundred and seventy-two university students were recruited in Harbin, China. Social Support Rating Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the 25-item scale of suicide acceptability were used to collect participants' information. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and mediation analysis were employed for statistical analysis. Results: "Drug addict," "infected with HIV," and "incurable illness" were the top three events that led university students to consider suicide. Social support played an important protective role against suicide risk. Subjective support and support utilization had total effects on suicide acceptability, including direct and indirect effects. Anxiety (indirect effect = -0.022, 95% CI = -0.037 ~ -0.009) and depressive symptoms (indirect effect = -0.197, 95% CI = -0.228 ~ -0.163) mediated the relationship between subjective support and suicide acceptability; meanwhile, the association between support utilization and suicide acceptability was mediated by anxiety (indirect effect = -0.054, 95% CI = -0.088 ~ -0.024) and depressive symptoms (indirect effect = -0.486, 95% CI = -0.558 ~ -0.422). However, the protective impact of objective support worked totally through decreasing anxiety (indirect effect = -0.018, 95% CI = -0.035 ~ -0.006) and depressive symptoms (indirect effect = -0.196, 95% CI = -0.246 ~ -0.143). Moreover, the mediation effects of depressive symptoms had stronger power than anxiety in the impact of social support on suicide risk. Conclusions: Among Chinese university students, suicide acceptability was elevated when there was a health scare. Social support effectively reduced suicide risk via decreasing anxiety and depressive symptoms. From the mental health perspective, families, peers, teachers, and communities should work together to establish a better social support system for university students, if necessary, help them to seek professional psychological services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Chu
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengxue Qiao
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejia Song
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Erying Zhao
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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44
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Fredericksen RJ, Gibbons LE, Fitzsimmons E, Nance RM, Schafer KR, Batey DS, Loo S, Dougherty S, Mathews WC, Christopoulos K, Mayer KH, Mugavero MJ, Kitahata MM, Crane PK, Crane HM. Impact and correlates of sub-optimal social support among patients in HIV care. AIDS Care 2021; 33:1178-1188. [PMID: 33443445 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1853660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Social support (SS) predicts health outcomes among patients living with HIV. We administered a brief, validated measure of SS, the Multifactoral Assessment of Perceived Social Support, within a patient-reported outcomes assessment of health domains in HIV care at 4 U.S. clinics in English and Spanish (n = 708). In univariate analysis, low SS was associated with poorer engagement in care, antiretroviral adherence, and health-related quality of life; current methamphetamine/crystal use, depression, anxiety, and HIV stigma (all p < 0.001); any use of either methamphetamines/crystal, illicit opioids, or cocaine/crack (p = 0.001), current marijuana use (p = 0.012), nicotine use (p = 0.005), and concern for sexually transmitted infection exposure (p = 0.001). High SS was associated with undetectable viral load (p = 0.031). Multivariate analyses found low SS independently associated with depression (risk ratio (RR) 3.72, 95% CI 2.93-4.72), lower adherence (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.89), poor engagement in care (RR 2.05, 95% CI 1.44-2.96), and having more symptoms (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.92-2.75). Medium SS was independently associated with depression (RR 2.59, 95% CI 2.00-3.36), poor engagement in care (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.15-2.29) and having more symptoms (RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.44-2.13). SS assessment may help identify patients at risk for these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L E Gibbons
- Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Fitzsimmons
- Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R M Nance
- Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K R Schafer
- Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - D S Batey
- Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S Loo
- Fenway Community Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Dougherty
- Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - W C Mathews
- Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - K H Mayer
- Fenway Community Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M J Mugavero
- Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M M Kitahata
- Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P K Crane
- Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H M Crane
- Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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45
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Roach A, Thomas SP, Abdoli S, Wright M, Yates AL. Kids helping kids: The lived experience of adolescents who support friends with mental health needs. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2020; 34:32-40. [PMID: 33244848 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Adolescent mental health is a significant health care issue. Friends play an important role in the lives of adolescents with mental health concerns and help to improve outcomes related to depression and suicide. However, little is known about the experiences of adolescents who help their friends with these concerns. METHODS A phenomenological research design involving unstructured interviews was used to answer the question: what is the lived experience of adolescents who provide support to friends with anxiety, depression, or who express suicidal ideation?" Participants for this study were aged 16-17 and included both males (n = 2) and females (n = 3). FINDINGS Participants described their experience as "Kids Helping Kids" which is defined by the following themes: Being Fearful, Maintaining Vigilance, Seeking Knowledge, Keeping Secrets, Involving Others, Setting Boundaries, and Feeling Honored. CONCLUSION Helping a friend with mental health concerns can be challenging yet rewarding. Nurses should be aware of this role that some adolescents undertake and include the friends of adolescents with mental health concerns as part of plans of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Roach
- University of Tennessee College of Nursing, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sandra P Thomas
- University of Tennessee College of Nursing, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samereh Abdoli
- University of Tennessee College of Nursing, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Andria L Yates
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Haslam College of Business, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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46
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Liao C, Guo L, Zhang C, Zhang M, Jiang W, Zhong Y, Lin Q, Liu Y. Emergency stress management among nurses: A lesson from the COVID-19 outbreak in China-a cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs 2020; 30:433-442. [PMID: 33141483 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess the level of stress response, self-efficacy and perceived social support status of working nurses during the outbreak of the COVID-19 and investigate potential factors affecting their stress. BACKGROUND The stress level of clinical nurses directly affects their physical and mental health and work efficiency. DESIGN This study was a cross-sectional investigation, which was performed following the STROBE checklist. The current study was conducted in February 2020 by selecting clinical nurses from the Zigong First People's Hospital for investigation. METHODS At the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, we assessed clinical nurses with the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Perceived Social Support Scale. Specifically, the nurses were divided into three groups: (a) nurses supporting Wuhan; (b) nurses in the department of treating the COVID-19 patients in our hospital (epidemic department); and (c) nurses in the general department without the COVID-19 patients in our hospital (non-epidemic department). RESULTS A total of 1092 clinical nurses were surveyed with 94 nurses in Wuhan, 130 nurses treating COVID-19 patients in our hospital and 868 nurses working without direct contact with diagnosed COVID-19 patients. The mean stress score of all surveyed nurses was 33.15 (SD: 25.551). There was a statistically significant difference in stress response scores between different departments. Noticeably, the nurses who went to support in Wuhan showed a weaker stress response than the nurses who stayed in our hospital (mean: 19.98 (Wuhan) vs. 32.70 (epidemic department in our hospital) vs. 34.64 (non-epidemic department in our hospital)). In addition, stress was negatively correlated with general self-efficacy and perceived social support. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that the stress status of second-line nurse without direct contact with diagnosed COVID-19 patients was more severe than that of first-line nurses who had direct contact with COVID-19 patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Our study indicated the importance of psychological status of second-line medical staff during the global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changju Liao
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, China
| | - Linghong Guo
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Animal Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Qingfang Lin
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Nursing, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, China.,Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Animal Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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47
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Stewart JG, Shields GS, Esposito EC, Cosby EA, Allen NB, Slavich GM, Auerbach RP. Life Stress and Suicide in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 47:1707-1722. [PMID: 31028559 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress exposure is central to theories of suicide. To advance understanding of the relation between stress and suicide, we examined whether specific, theoretically-pertinent life stressors were differentially related to suicidal thinking versus suicidal behaviors among hospitalized adolescents. Participants were 197 (144 female) adolescents aged 13 to 19 years old (M = 15.61, SD = 1.48) recruited from an acute residential psychiatric treatment program. Participants were categorized into mutually exclusive groups: psychiatric controls (n = 38) with no lifetime history of suicide ideation or suicide attempts, suicide ideators (n = 99) with current ideation and no lifetime attempts, and suicide attempters (n = 60) with a lifetime history of suicide ideation and at least one attempt in the past month. Adolescents completed the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adolescents (Adolescent STRAIN), which assessed life events and chronic difficulties occurring in five social-psychological categories: Interpersonal Loss, Physical Danger, Humiliation, Entrapment, and Role Change/Disruption. Additionally, they completed a structured interview and symptom questionnaires to capture concurrent psychopathology. Controlling for demographic and clinical covariates, only Interpersonal Loss events distinguished attempters from psychiatric controls (OR = 2.27) and ideators (OR = 1.49); no events or difficulties differentiated ideators from controls. These effects persisted when analyses were restricted to single attempters and when events following the most recent attempt were excluded. The findings elucidate potential social-environmental triggers of suicide. Ultimately, this may improve the identification of ideators most likely to make an attempt, enabling the deployment of targeted early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy G Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Erika C Esposito
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, P.O. Box 270266, Rochester, NY, 14627-0266, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Cosby
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478-9106, USA
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University Street, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, UCLA Medical Plaza 300, Room 3156, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7076, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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48
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Eskin M. Suicidal Behavior in the Mediterranean Countries. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2020; 16:93-100. [PMID: 33029186 PMCID: PMC7536731 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902016010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Suicidal behavior is a serious public health problem worldwide and shows large intersocietal variation. This study aimed at comparatively investigating the aspects of suicidal behavior in 22 countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. Methods: The study was conducted with official data retrieved from several sources. The suicidal mortality data were collected from World Health Organization’s data repository. Descriptive statistics, group comparison, correlational and regression statistical analyses were used to summarize the data. Results: The average age standardized suicide rates in the Mediterranean countries are lower than the world average. Except in Morocco, more men kill themselves than women. Suicide rates are lower in Mediterranean Muslim than in Mediterranean Christian countries. Slovenia, France and Croatia have the highest suicide mortality rates. Greatest percentages of suicidal ideation are seen in Croatia, Turkey and Slovenia and the greatest percentages of suicidal attempts are seen in Palestine, Cyprus, Greece and Slovenia. According to the results of the multiple regression analyses, the coefficient of human inequality index was associated with lower both-sex and male suicide rates. Greater percentages of people saying religion is unimportant in daily life in a country were found to be related to higher female suicide rates. Conclusion: The findings from the study have shown that the prevalence of suicidal deaths, thoughts and attempts vary between the Mediterranean countries. Lower suicide rates are observed in the Muslim Mediterranean nations than in the Judeo-Christian ones. However, the rates of suicide mortality in non-Arab Muslim nations being comparable to the rates in non-Muslim countries confirm the concerns over mis/underreporting of suicidal behavior in Arab Muslim countries due to religio-cultural stigma attached to suicide. The average suicidal mortality rates are lower in Mediterranean countries than the world average. Generally, more men than women kill themselves. Results from the multivariate analysis revealed that as the level of human inequality increases the rates for both-sex and male suicidal mortality decreases. Religion seem to be protective against female suicides. The study has also shown that more research is needed about suicidal behavior in the Mediterranean countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Eskin
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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49
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Ati NAL, Paraswati MD, Windarwati HD. What are the risk factors and protective factors of suicidal behavior in adolescents? A systematic review. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2020; 34:7-18. [DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niken A. L. Ati
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University Malang Indonesia
| | - Mareta D. Paraswati
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University Malang Indonesia
| | - Heni D. Windarwati
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University Malang Indonesia
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Olatunji OA, Idemudia ES, Olawa BD. Family support, self-efficacy and suicidal ideation at emerging adulthood: a mediation analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2020.1779762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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