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Izdebska A, Budzyńska S, Bierla K. Unveiling New Arsenic Compounds in Plants via Tailored 2D-RP-HPLC Separation with ICP and ESI MS Detection. Molecules 2024; 29:3055. [PMID: 38999006 PMCID: PMC11243089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) speciation analysis is scientifically relevant due to the pivotal role the As chemical form plays in toxicity, which, in turn, directly influences the effect it has on the environment. The objective of this study was to develop and optimize a method tailored for studying As compounds in plant samples. Different extraction procedures and HPLC methods were explored to assess their efficiency, determine mass balance, and improve the resolution of compounds in the chromatograms. Conventionally applied anion-exchange chromatography facilitated the separation of well-documented As compounds in the extracts corresponding to 19 to 82% of As present in extracts. To gain insight into compounds which remain undetectable by anion chromatography (18 to 81% of As in the extracts), but still possibly metabolically relevant, we explored an alternative chromatographic approach. The procedure of sample purification and preconcentration through solid-phase extraction, facilitating the detection of those minor As compounds, was developed. The system was further refined to achieve an online 2D-RP-HPLC system, which was employed to analyze the extracts more comprehensively with ICP and ESI MS. Using this newly developed method, As(III)-phytochelatins, along with other arseno-thio-compounds, were detected and identified in extracts derived from the tree roots of seedlings grown in the presence of As(III) and As(V), and a group of arseno lipids was detected in the roots of plants exposed to As(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Izdebska
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 5254, Helioparc, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Sylwia Budzyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bierla
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 5254, Helioparc, 64053 Pau, France
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2
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Raab A, Zhang J, Ge Y, Fernández-Mendoza F, Feldmann J. Lipophilic arsenic compounds in the cultured green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2809-2818. [PMID: 38189919 PMCID: PMC11009773 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, arsenic (As) speciation was investigated in the freshwater alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii treated with 20 μg/L arsenate using fractionation as well as ICP-MS/ESI-MS analyses and was compared with the known As metabolite profile of wild-grown Saccharina latissima. While the total As accumulation in C. reinhardtii was about 85% lower than in S. latissima, the relative percentage of arsenolipids was significantly higher in C. reinhardtii (57.0% vs. 5.01%). As-containing hydrocarbons and phospholipids dominated the hydrophobic As profile in S. latissima, but no As-containing hydrocarbons were detectable in C. reinhardtii. Instead for the first time, an arsenoriboside-containing phytol (AsSugPhytol) was found to dominate the hydrophobic arsenicals of C. reinhardtii. Interestingly, this compound and its relatives had so far been only found in green marine microalgae, open sea plankton (mixed assemblage), and sediments but not in brown or red macroalgae. This compound family might therefore relate to differences in the arsenic metabolism between the algae phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Raab
- TESLA - Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Ge
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jörg Feldmann
- TESLA - Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
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3
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Liu XL. Streamlined Arsenolipid Identification via Direct Arsenic Detection Using RPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS with Collision-Induced Dissociation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:300-306. [PMID: 38147679 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Arsenolipids are organoarsenicals with a long aliphatic chain that have been identified in a wide array of marine organisms. Precise analysis of arsenolipids is crucial for evaluating their toxicity, ensuring food safety, monitoring the environment, and gaining insights into the evolution of arsenic biogeochemistry. However, the discovery of new arsenolipids is often impeded by existing analytical challenges, notably the need for multiple instruments, such as the combination of liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS). This study introduces a high-throughput untargeted analytical method on the basis of an unsophisticated instrumental configuration, LC-ESI-MS with collision-induced dissociation (CID) at 200 eV. This approach provides efficient dissociation of arsenic atoms from their precursor lipids and direct detection of the organic-bound arsenic as monatomic cations, As+. Application of this method has shown promise in rapidly characterizing arsenolipids in diverse samples, which has led to the discovery of a wide range of novel arsenolipids, including seven previously unidentified thioxoarsenolipids in ancient marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Liu
- School of Geosciences, University of Oklahoma, 100 E. Boyd Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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4
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Li C, Chen J, Wang Z, Song B, Cheung KL, Chen J, Li R, Liu X, Jia X, Zhong SY. Speciation analysis and toxicity evaluation of arsenolipids-an overview focusing on sea food. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:409-424. [PMID: 38099972 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic, which can be divided into inorganic and organic arsenic, is a toxic metalloid that has been identified as a human carcinogen. A common source of arsenic exposure in seafood is arsenolipid, which is a complex structure of lipid-soluble organic arsenic compounds. At present, the known arsenolipid species mainly include arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFAs), arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs), arsenic glycophospholipids (AsPLs), and cationic trimethyl fatty alcohols (TMAsFOHs). Furthermore, the toxicity between different species is unique. However, the mechanism underlying arsenolipid toxicity and anabolism remain unclear, as arsenolipids exhibit a complex structure, are present at low quantities, and are difficult to extract and detect. Therefore, the objective of this overview is to summarize the latest research progress on methods to evaluate the toxicity and analyze the main speciation of arsenolipids in seafood. In addition, novel insights are provided to further elucidate the speciation, toxicity, and anabolism of arsenolipids and assess the risks on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Bingbing Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheung
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xuejing Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Sai-Yi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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5
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Dong L, Zhao L, Tian L, Zhao W, Xiong C, Zheng Y. AsHC 360 Exposure Influence on Epileptiform Discharges in Hippocampus of Infantile Male Rats In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16806. [PMID: 38069126 PMCID: PMC10705907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs) are typical arsenolipids found in various marine organisms. They can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, specifically affecting synaptic plasticity and the learning and memory ability of hippocampal neurons. Temporal lobe epilepsy often occurs in the hippocampus. Thus, the possible influence of AsHCs exposure to temporal lobe epilepsy garnered attention. The present study investigated the effects of epileptiform discharges (EDs) signals introduced by low-magnesium ACSF in the hippocampus of infantile male rats in vitro, using electrophysiological techniques with multi-electrode arrays under AsHC 360 exposure. In our study of the effects of AsHC 360 on EDs signals, we found that inter-ictal discharges (IIDs) were not significantly impacted. When AsHC 360 was removed, any minor effects observed were reversed. However, when we examined the impact of AsHC 360 on ictal discharges (IDs), distinct patterns emerged based on the concentration levels. For low-concentration groups (5, 20, 60 μg As L-1), both the frequency and duration effects on IDs returned to normal post-elimination of AsHC 360. However, this recovery was not evident for concentrations of 100 μg As L-1 or higher. IDs were only observed in EDs signals during exposures to AsHC 360 concentrations up to 60 μg As L-1. In these conditions, ID frequencies significantly enhanced with the increased of AsHC 360 concentration. At high concentrations of AsHC 360 (≥100 μg As L-1), the transition from IIDs or pre-ictal discharges (PIDs) to IDs was notably inhibited. Additional study on co-exposure of AsHC 360 (100 μg As L-1) and agonist (10 nM (S)-(-)-Bay-K-8644) indicated that the regulation of EDs signals under AsHC 360 exposure could be due to directly interference with the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) expression which influences the binding of excitatory glutamate neurotransmitter to AMPAR. The results suggest that EDs activities in the hippocampus of infantile Sprague Dawley rats are concentration-dependent on AsHC 360 exposure. Thus, it provides a basis for the seafood intake with AsHCs for epileptic patients and those with potential seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (L.D.); (L.Z.); (L.T.); (W.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (L.D.); (L.Z.); (L.T.); (W.Z.)
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (L.D.); (L.Z.); (L.T.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (L.D.); (L.Z.); (L.T.); (W.Z.)
| | - Chan Xiong
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (L.D.); (L.Z.); (L.T.); (W.Z.)
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6
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Coniglio D, Ventura G, Calvano CD, Losito I, Cataldi TRI. Strategies for the analysis of arsenolipids in marine foods: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115628. [PMID: 37579719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic-containing lipids, also named arsenolipids (AsLs), are a group of organic compounds usually found in a variety of marine organisms such as fish, algae, shellfish, marine oils, and microorganisms. Numerous AsLs have been recognised so far, from simple compounds such as arsenic fatty acids (AsFAs), arsenic hydrocarbons (AsHCs), and trimethylarsenio fatty alcohols (TMAsFOHs) to more complex arsenic-containing species, of which arsenophospholipids (AsPLs) are a case in point. Mass spectrometry, both as inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) and liquid chromatography coupled by an electrospray source (LC-ESI-MS), was applied to organic arsenicals playing a key role in extending and refining the characterisation of arsenic-containing lipids in marine organisms. Herein, upon the introduction of a systematic notation for AsLs and a brief examination of their toxicity and biological role, the most relevant literature concerning the characterisation of AsLs in marine organisms, including edible ones, is reviewed. The use of both ICP-MS and ESI-MS coupled with reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) has brought significant advancements in the field. In the case of ESI-MS, the employment of negative polarity and tandem MS analyses has further enhanced these advancements. One notable development is the identification of the m/z 389.0 ion ([AsC10H19O9P]-) as a diagnostic product ion of AsPLs, which is obtained from the fragmentation of the deprotonated forms of AsPLs ([M - H]-). The pinpointing product ions offer the possibility of determining the identity and regiochemistry of AsPL side chains. Advanced MS-based analytical methods may contribute remarkably to the understanding of the chemical diversity characterising the metalloid As in natural organic compounds of marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Coniglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ventura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center SMART, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosima D Calvano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center SMART, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Ilario Losito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center SMART, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center SMART, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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7
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Lajin B, Feldmann J, Goessler W. Elution with 1,2-Hexanediol Enables Coupling of ICPMS with Reversed-Pase Liquid Chromatography under Standard Conditions. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8802-8810. [PMID: 35666989 PMCID: PMC9218959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) has been
attracting increasing attention for many applications as an element-selective
chromatographic detector. A major and fundamental limitation in coupling
ICPMS with liquid chromatography is the limited compatibility with
organic solvents, which has so far been addressed via a tedious approach,
collectively referred to as the “organic ICPMS mode”,
that can decrease detection sensitivity by up to 100-fold. Herein,
we report 1,2-hexanediol as a new eluent in high-performance liquid
chromatography–ICPMS which enables avoiding the current limitations.
Unlike commonly used eluents, 1,2-hexanediol was remarkably compatible
with ICPMS detection at high flow rates of 1.5 mL min–1 and concentrations of at least 30% v/v, respectively, under the
standard conditions and instrumental setup normally used with 100%
aqueous media. Sensitivity for all tested elements (P, S, Cl, Br,
Se, and As) was enhanced with
10% v/v 1,2-hexanediol relative to that of 100% aqueous media by 1.5–7-fold
depending on the element. Concentrations of 1,2-hexanediol at ≤30%
v/v were superior in elution strength to concentrations at >90%
v/v
of the common organic phases, which greatly decreases the amount of
carbon required to elute highly hydrophobic compounds such as lipids
and steroids, enabling detection at ultra-trace levels. The proposed
approach was applied to detect arsenic-containing fatty acids in spiked
human urine, and detection limits of <0.01 μg As L–1 were achieved, which is >100-fold lower than those previously
reported
using the organic ICPMS mode. Nontargeted speciation analysis in Allium sativum revealed the presence of a large number
of hydrophobic sulfur-containing metabolomic features at trace levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Lajin
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry for the Health and Environment, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- Institute of Chemistry, TESLA (Trace Element Speciation Laboratory), University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry for the Health and Environment, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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8
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Taylor VF, Karagas MR. Exposure to arsenolipids and inorganic arsenic from marine-sourced dietary supplements. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133930. [PMID: 35182530 PMCID: PMC9007862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplements sourced from marine environments, such as fish oils and seaweed-based supplements, are widely consumed to boost nutrient intakes, including by vulnerable populations such as pregnant women. Like other marine foods, these supplements are also a potential source of exposure to arsenic, including the known toxic species, inorganic arsenic, and the cytotoxic, lipid-soluble arsenic compounds, arsenic hydrocarbons. A study of 32 marine-sourced supplements found higher total arsenic concentrations (>1000 ng g-1) in supplements made from seaweed, krill and calanus oil, and in fish and fish liver products marketed as "unprocessed". Inorganic arsenic was only detectable in the seaweed samples, and was elevated (8900 ng g-1) in one product. Arsenic hydrocarbons were not detected in krill oil samples but were present at concentrations from 169 to 2048 ng g-1 in "unprocessed" fish and fish liver oil, and calanus oil. Survey data from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS) found 13.5% of pregnant women (n = 1997) reported taking fish oil supplements; and of those, most did so daily (75.6%, 6 or more times per week). Only a small percentage (9%) of those who reported consuming fish oil used products associated with higher arsenic levels. Higher urinary arsenic concentrations were found among women who consumed fish oil compared with those who did not, and specifically higher arsenobetaine and dimethyl arsenic concentrations. Dietary supplements are becoming common components of modern diets, and some marine-sourced dietary supplements are a source of inorganic arsenic and arsenic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien F Taylor
- Department of Earth Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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Abstract
The main source of arsenic exposure to humans worldwide is the diet, in particular, drinking water, rice, and seafood. Although arsenic is often considered toxic, it can exist in food as more than 300 chemical species with different toxicities. This diversity makes it difficult for food safety and health authorities to regulate arsenic levels in food, which are currently based on a few arsenic species. Of particular interest are arsenolipids, a type of arsenic species widely found in seafood. Emerging evidence indicates that there are risks associated with human exposure to arsenolipids (e.g., accumulation in breast milk, ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain, and potential development of neurodegenerative disorders). Still, more research is needed to fully understand the impact of arsenolipid exposure, which requires establishing interdisciplinary collaborations.
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10
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Wang RQ, Ding J, Geng Y, Li YZ, Mei YW, Bao K, Yu HD, Feng YQ. CRB-SWATH: A Method for Enhancing Untargeted Precursor Ion Extraction and Automatically Constructing Their Tandem Mass Spectra from SWATH Datasets by Chromatographic Retention Behaviors. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12273-12280. [PMID: 34459594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra (SWATH) as a typical data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategy is favorable for untargeted metabolomics. It could theoretically acquire product ions of all precursor ions, including precursor ions showing chromatographic peaks of rather poor qualities. However, existing data processing methods present limited capabilities in capturing poor-quality peaks of precursor ions. Thus, although their product ions could be acquired, their precursor ions are absent. Here, we present a new strategy, chromatographic retention behavior-SWATH (CRB-SWATH), that could unbiasedly capture poor-quality peaks and provide high resolutions of multiplexed mass spectroscopy (MS/MS) spectra in SWATH datasets. CRB-SWATH monitors CRBs of SWATH-MS signals under a series of altered elution gradients. As signals of compounds differ from noise by showing CRBs, both the precursor and fragment ions are captured, while ignoring their peak qualities. Moreover, CRB-SWATH offers good chances to resolve highly multiplexed MS/MS spectra in SWATH datasets because precursor ions coeluted in a single elution gradient often present different CRBs. In the untargeted metabolic analysis of Hela cell extracts, CRB-SWATH showed the advantage in exclusively capturing 2645 ions of poor-quality peaks (i.e., tiny peaks, discontinuous ion traces, tailing peaks, zigzag peaks, etc.), accounting for 34.4% of all the untargeted precursor ions extracted. Therein, it is noteworthy that among 2116 negative ions detected in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) mode, 1284 poor-quality ion peaks (>60%) were exclusively captured by CRB-SWATH. As CRB-SWATH automatically captures a large sum of true ion peaks of poor qualities, extracts MS/MS spectra of high purities, and provides chromatographic retention behaviors of untargeted metabolites for identification and classification, it could be a useful metabolomics tool for understanding biological phenomena better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Qi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Geng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Wu Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Bao
- SINTEF Digital, 124 Blindern, Oslo 0314, Norway
| | - Huai-Dong Yu
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200335, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Lajin B, Braeuer S, Goessler W. Parallel and Comparative Non-Targeted Metabolomic Speciation Analysis of Metalloids and Their Non-Metal Analogues by HPLC-ICPMS/MS in Mushrooms. Metallomics 2021; 13:6327568. [PMID: 34302346 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
With the introduction of tandem mass spectrometry to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS/MS), the potential for non-targeted elemental metabolomic analysis has been expanded to many non-metals of pivotal biological importance. Arsenic and selenium are trace elements that share chemical similarity with the non-metals phosphorus and sulfur, respectively, and this similarity can be exploited to gain more insight into the incompletely understood biological significance of these metalloids and the evolution of their biochemical pathways. As a proof of concept, we show the applicability of HPLC-ICPMS/MS for non-targeted and parallel speciation analysis of arsenic, selenium, phosphorus, and sulfur in mushrooms-metabolically diverse organisms. Incredibly contrasting levels of diversity were found in the metabolomic profiles of the four investigated elements among the various species along with sharp discrepancies among related elements (e.g. phosphorous vs. arsenic) in certain mushroom species. The present work shows that ICPMS/MS offers a new dimension in non-targeted metabolomic analysis and enables a unique comparative approach in investigating and tracking the biochemistry of related elements in moderately complex organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Lajin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Simone Braeuer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Atomic & Mass Spectrometry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Speciation analysis of organoarsenic species in marine samples: method optimization using fractional factorial design and method validation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3909-3923. [PMID: 33991194 PMCID: PMC8189937 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Organoarsenic species in marine matrices have been studied for many years but knowledge gaps still exist. Most literature focuses on monitoring of arsenic (As) species using previously published methods based on anion- and cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). These studies are often limited to few As species and/or only specific method performance characteristics are described. Most marine certified reference materials (CRMs) are only certified for arsenobetaine (AB) and dimethylarsinate (DMA), making it difficult to evaluate the accuracy of analytical methods for other organoarsenic species. To address these gaps, the main objective of this work was to develop and validate a method for speciation analysis of a broad range of organoarsenic species in marine matrices. Optimum extraction conditions were identified through a 27–3 fractional factorial design using blue mussel as test sample. The effects of sample weight, type and volume of extraction solution, addition of H2O2 to the extraction solution, extraction time and temperature, and use of ultrasonication were investigated. The highest As recoveries were obtained by using 0.2 g as sample weight, 5 mL of aqueous methanol (MeOH:H2O, 50% v/v) as extractant, extraction carried out at 90 °C for 30 min, and without ultrasonication. Anion- and cation-exchange HPLC-ICP-MS settings were subsequently optimized. The method detected a total of 33 known and unknown As species within a run time of 23 and 20 min for cation-exchange and anion-exchange, respectively. A single-laboratory validation was conducted using several marine CRMs: BCR 627 (tuna fish tissue), ERM-CE278k (mussel tissue), DORM-4 (fish protein), DOLT-5 (dogfish liver), SQID-1 (cuttlefish), TORT-3 (lobster hepatopancreas), and CRM 7405-b (hijiki seaweed). Method performance characteristics were evaluated based on selectivity, limits of detection and quantification, linearity, trueness, precision, and measurement uncertainty. This work proposes an extraction procedure which allowed satisfactory quantification of As species with low solvent and energy consumption, supporting “Green Chemistry” principles. The study also presents a new set of As speciation data, including methylated arsenic species and arsenosugars, in recently issued marine CRMs, which will be valuable for future speciation studies on As. This work is the first to report a total of 33 different As species in marine CRMs. ![]()
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Glabonjat RA, Raber G, Holm HC, Van Mooy BAS, Francesconi KA. Arsenolipids in Plankton from High- and Low-Nutrient Oceanic Waters Along a Transect in the North Atlantic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5515-5524. [PMID: 33789045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the natural occurrence of arsenic-containing lipids (arsenolipids) in marine organisms is now well established, the possible role of these unusual compounds in organisms and in the cycling of arsenic in marine systems remains largely unexplored. We report the finding of arsenolipids in 61 plankton samples collected from surface marine waters of high- and low-nutrient content along a transect spanning the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic Ocean. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to both elemental and molecular mass spectrometry, we show that all 61 plankton samples contained six identifiable arsenolipids, namely, three arsenosugar phospholipids (AsPL958, 10-13%; AsPL978, 13-25%; and AsPL1006, 7-10% of total arsenolipids), two arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHC332, 4-10% and AsHC360, 1-2%), and a methoxy-sugar arsenolipid that contained phytol (AsSugPhytol, 1-3%). The relative amounts of the six arsenolipids showed clear dependence on the nutrient status of the ambient water with plankton collected from high-nutrient waters having less of the arsenosugar phospholipids and more of the three non-P containing arsenolipids compared to low-nutrient waters. By combining these first field data of arsenolipids in plankton with reported global phytoplankton productivity, we estimate that the oceans' phytoplankton transform per year 50 000-100 000 tons of arsenic into arsenolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Glabonjat
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Raber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Henry C Holm
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Benjamin A S Van Mooy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
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Soultani G, Sele V, Rasmussen RR, Pasias I, Stathopoulou E, Thomaidis NS, Sinanoglou VJ, Sloth JJ. Elements of toxicological concern and the arsenolipids’ profile in the giant-red Mediterranean shrimp, Aristaeomorpha foliacea. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Liu Q, Huang C, Li W, Fang Z, Le XC. Discovery and Identification of Arsenolipids Using a Precursor-Finder Strategy and Data-Independent Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3836-3844. [PMID: 33667084 PMCID: PMC8009509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenolipids are a class of lipid-soluble arsenic species. They are present in seafoods and show high potentials of cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Hindered by traditional low-throughput analytical techniques, the characterization of arsenolipids is far from complete. Here, we report on a sensitive and high-throughput screening method for arsenolipids in krill oil, tuna fillets, hairtail heads, and kelp. We demonstrate the detection and identification of 23 arsenolipids, including novel arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFAs), hydroxylated AsFAs, arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs), hydroxylated AsHCs, thiolated trimethylarsinic acids, and arsenic-containing lysophosphatidylcholines not previously reported. The new method incorporated precursor ion scan (PIS) into data-independent acquisition. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-qToF-MS) was used to perform the sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra (SWATH). Comprehensive HPLC-MS and MS/MS data were further processed using a fragment-guided chromatographic computational program Precursorfinder developed here. Precursorfinder achieved efficient peak-picking, retention time comparison, hierarchical clustering, and wavelet coherence calculations to assemble fragment features with their target precursors. The identification of arsenolipids was supported by coeluting the HPLC-MS peaks detected with the characteristic fragments of arsenolipids. Method validation using available arsenic standards and the successful identification of previously unknown arsenolipids in seafood samples demonstrated the applicability of the method for environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- College
of Resources and Environment, Southwest
University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest
University), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chengzhi Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest
University), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- College
of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenzheng Fang
- College
of Resources and Environment, Southwest
University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - X. Chris Le
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
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Gajdosechova Z, Palmer CH, Dave D, Jiao G, Zhao Y, Tan Z, Chisholm J, Zhang J, Stefanova R, Hossain A, Mester Z. Arsenic speciation in sea cucumbers: Identification and quantitation of water-extractable species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115190. [PMID: 32688077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the constant quest for new sources of superfoods to supplement the largely nutrient deficient diet of the modern society, sea cucumbers are gaining increasing popularity. Three species of sea cucumbers, Cucumaria frondosa, Apostichopus californicus and Apostichopusjaponicus were collected from three geographical regions, Atlantic and Pacific coast of Canada and Yellow sea/ East China sea in China, respectively. These organisms were sectioned into parts (body wall, tentacles, internal organ, skin and muscle) and analysed for total arsenic (As) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and As species by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ICP-MS. Normal and reversed sequential extractions were optimised to address As distribution between lipids (polar and non-polar) and water-extractable fractions. Two extraction methods for water-extractable As were compared in terms of the number and the amount of extracted species. The results revealed that total As concentration and As species distribution varies significantly between sea cucumbers species. Total As in studied body parts ranged between 2.8 ± 0.52 and 7.9 ± 1.2 mg kg-1, with an exception of the muscle tissue of A. californicus, where it reached to 36 ± 3.5 mg kg-1. Arsenobetaine (AsB) was the most abundant As species in A. californicus and A.japonicus, however, inorganic As represented over 70% of total recovered As in the body parts of C. frondosa. Arsenosugars-328 and 482 were found in all studied body parts whereas arsenosugar-408 was only found in the skin of A. californicus. This is the first time that such a variation in As species distribution between sea cucumber species has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Gajdosechova
- Metrology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Calvin H Palmer
- Metrology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Deepika Dave
- Centre for Aquaculture and Seafood Development, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NFL, Canada
| | - Guangling Jiao
- Canadian Sea Cucumber Processors Association, NS, Canada
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jeffrey Chisholm
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Junzeng Zhang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Roumiana Stefanova
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Abul Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Zoltan Mester
- Metrology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Canada
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Glabonjat RA, Blum JS, Miller LG, Webb SM, Stolz JF, Francesconi KA, Oremland RS. Arsenolipids in Cultured Picocystis Strain ML and Their Occurrence in Biota and Sediment from Mono Lake, California. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060093. [PMID: 32599768 PMCID: PMC7345539 DOI: 10.3390/life10060093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary production in Mono Lake, a hypersaline soda lake rich in dissolved inorganic arsenic, is dominated by Picocystis strain ML. We set out to determine if this photoautotrophic picoplankter could metabolize inorganic arsenic and in doing so form unusual arsenolipids (e.g., arsenic bound to 2-O-methyl ribosides) as reported in other saline ecosystems and by halophilic algae. We cultivated Picocystis strain ML on a seawater-based medium with either low (37 µM) or high (1000 µM) phosphate in the presence of arsenite (400 µM), arsenate (800 µM), or without arsenic additions (ca 0.025 µM). Cultivars formed a variety of organoarsenic compounds, including a phytyl 2-O-methyl arsenosugar, depending upon the cultivation conditions and arsenic exposure. When the cells were grown at low P, the organoarsenicals they produced when exposed to both arsenite and arsenate were primarily arsenolipids (~88%) with only a modest content of water-soluble organoarsenic compounds (e.g., arsenosugars). When grown at high P, sequestration shifted to primarily water-soluble, simple methylated arsenicals such as dimethylarsinate; arsenolipids still constituted ~32% of organoarsenic incorporated into cells exposed to arsenate but < 1% when exposed to arsenite. Curiously, Picocystis strain ML grown at low P and exposed to arsenate sequestered huge amounts of arsenic into the cells accounting for 13.3% of the dry biomass; cells grown at low P and arsenite exposure sequestered much lower amounts, equivalent to 0.35% of dry biomass. Extraction of a resistant phase with trifluoroacetate recovered most of the sequestered arsenic in the form of arsenate. Uptake of arsenate into low P-cultivated cells was confirmed by X-ray fluorescence, while XANES/EXAFS spectra indicated the sequestered arsenic was retained as an inorganic iron precipitate, similar to scorodite, rather than as an As-containing macromolecule. Samples from Mono Lake demonstrated the presence of a wide variety of organoarsenic compounds, including arsenosugar phospholipids, most prevalent in zooplankton (Artemia) and phytoplankton samples, with much lower amounts detected in the bottom sediments. These observations suggest a trophic transfer of organoarsenicals from the phytoplankton (Picocystis) to the zooplankton (Artemia) community, with efficient bacterial mineralization of any lysis-released organoarsenicals back to inorganic oxyanions before they sink to the sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A. Glabonjat
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.G.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Jodi S. Blum
- Water Mission Area, US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (J.S.B.); (L.G.M.)
| | - Laurence G. Miller
- Water Mission Area, US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (J.S.B.); (L.G.M.)
| | - Samuel M. Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;
| | - John F. Stolz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA;
| | - Kevin A. Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.G.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Ronald S. Oremland
- Water Mission Area, US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (J.S.B.); (L.G.M.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Nieto-Domínguez M, Nikel PI. Intersecting Xenobiology and Neometabolism To Bring Novel Chemistries to Life. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2551-2571. [PMID: 32274875 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of life relies on a handful of chemical elements (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus) as part of essential building blocks; some other atoms are needed to a lesser extent, but most of the remaining elements are excluded from biology. This circumstance limits the scope of biochemical reactions in extant metabolism - yet it offers a phenomenal playground for synthetic biology. Xenobiology aims to bring novel bricks to life that could be exploited for (xeno)metabolite synthesis. In particular, the assembly of novel pathways engineered to handle nonbiological elements (neometabolism) will broaden chemical space beyond the reach of natural evolution. In this review, xeno-elements that could be blended into nature's biosynthetic portfolio are discussed together with their physicochemical properties and tools and strategies to incorporate them into biochemistry. We argue that current bioproduction methods can be revolutionized by bridging xenobiology and neometabolism for the synthesis of new-to-nature molecules, such as organohalides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieto-Domínguez
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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19
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Luvonga C, Rimmer CA, Yu LL, Lee SB. Analytical Methodologies for the Determination of Organoarsenicals in Edible Marine Species: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1910-1934. [PMID: 31999115 PMCID: PMC7250003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Setting regulatory limits for arsenic in food is complicated, owing to the enormous diversity of arsenic metabolism in humans, lack of knowledge about the toxicity of these chemicals, and lack of accurate arsenic speciation data on foodstuffs. Identification and quantification of the toxic arsenic compounds are imperative to understanding the risk associated with exposure to arsenic from dietary intake, which, in turn, underscores the need for speciation analysis of the food. Arsenic speciation in seafood is challenging, owing to its existence in myriads of chemical forms and oxidation states. Interconversions occurring between chemical forms, matrix complexity, lack of standards and certified reference materials, and lack of widely accepted measurement protocols present additional challenges. This review covers the current analytical techniques for diverse arsenic species. The requirement for high-quality arsenic speciation data that is essential for establishing legislation and setting regulatory limits for arsenic in food is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Luvonga
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Lee L Yu
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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20
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Luvonga C, Rimmer CA, Yu LL, Lee SB. Organoarsenicals in Seafood: Occurrence, Dietary Exposure, Toxicity, and Risk Assessment Considerations - A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:943-960. [PMID: 31913614 PMCID: PMC7250045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diet, especially seafood, is the main source of arsenic exposure for humans. The total arsenic content of a diet offers inadequate information for assessment of the toxicological consequences of arsenic intake, which has impeded progress in the establishment of regulatory limits for arsenic in food. Toxicity assessments are mainly based on inorganic arsenic, a well-characterized carcinogen, and arsenobetaine, the main organoarsenical in seafood. Scarcity of toxicity data for organoarsenicals, and the predominance of arsenobetaine as an organic arsenic species in seafood, has led to the assumption of their nontoxicity. Recent toxicokinetic studies show that some organoarsenicals are bioaccessible and cytotoxic with demonstrated toxicities like that of pernicious trivalent inorganic arsenic, underpinning the need for speciation analysis. The need to investigate and compare the bioavailability, metabolic transformation, and elimination from the body of organoarsenicals to the well-established physiological consequences of inorganic arsenic and arsenobetaine exposure is apparent. This review provides an overview of the occurrence and assessment of human exposure to arsenic toxicity associated with the consumption of seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Luvonga
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Lee L Yu
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Sang B Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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21
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Al Amin MH, Xiong C, Francesconi KA, Itahashi Y, Yoneda M, Yoshinaga J. Variation in arsenolipid concentrations in seafood consumed in Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124781. [PMID: 31514006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Variation in arsenolipid concentrations was assessed in 18 seafood samples including fish, shellfish, and crustaceans purchased in Japan. Analyses were performed by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Stable isotope ratios for nitrogen and carbon were also measured in the samples for obtaining trophic level information of the species. Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs) and arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFAs) were detected in the seafood samples; the toxic AsHCs were found in all of the seafood samples with large variation in the concentrations (83 ± 73 ng As/g fw, coefficient of variation = 88%). Our previous point estimate of health risk of AsHCs intake via seafood consumption in Japan, based on average AsHC concentration in seafood, suggested insignificant risk, and the present study supports our previous estimate. AsHC concentrations significantly correlated with lipid content of the seafood samples (r = 0.67, p < 0.01), a result expected because of the fat solubility of the compounds. The AsHCs concentrations, however, were not significantly correlated with nitrogen stable isotope ratios suggesting that AsHCs do not biomagnify. The source of the observed large variation in AsHC concentrations will be the subject of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hasan Al Amin
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan; Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Izumino 1-1-1, Itakura, Ora, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Chan Xiong
- Institute of Chemistry-NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Kevin A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry-NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Yu Itahashi
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoneda
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Izumino 1-1-1, Itakura, Ora, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
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Pétursdóttir ÁH, Blagden J, Gunnarsson K, Raab A, Stengel DB, Feldmann J, Gunnlaugsdóttir H. Arsenolipids are not uniformly distributed within two brown macroalgal species Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4973-4985. [PMID: 31152227 PMCID: PMC6611760 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brown macroalgae Saccharina latissima (30-40 individuals) and Alaria esculenta (15-20 individuals) were collected from natural populations in winter in Iceland. The algal thalli were sectioned into different parts (e.g. holdfast, stipe, old frond, young frond and sori-containing frond sections) that differed in age and biological function. The work elucidated that arsenic (As) was not uniformly distributed within the two brown macroalgal species, with lower levels of total As were found in the stipe/midrib compared to other thallus parts. The arsenosugars mirrored the total arsenic in the seaweed mainly due to AsSugSO3 being the most abundant As species. However, arsenic speciation using parallel HPLC-ICP-MS/ESI-MS elucidated that the arsenic-containing lipids (AsL) had a different distribution where the arsenosugarphospholipids (AsPL) differed by approximately a factor of 4 between the sections containing the lowest and highest concentrations of AsPLs. When placing the sections in order of metabolic activity and an estimate of tissue age, there appeared to be a relationship between the activity and AsPLs, with lower levels of AsPLs in oldest parts. This is the first time such a relationship has been shown for AsLs. Hence, by applying sophisticated analytical techniques, it was possible to gain a deeper understanding of arsenolipids in seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Blagden
- Matís, Research and Innovation, Vínlandsleið 12, 113, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Karl Gunnarsson
- Marine & Freshwater Research Institute, Skúlagata 4, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Andrea Raab
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, and, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK.
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Novel non-targeted analysis of perfluorinated compounds using fluorine-specific detection regardless of their ionisability (HPLC-ICPMS/MS-ESI-MS). Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1053:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Liu Q, Leslie EM, Moe B, Zhang H, Douglas DN, Kneteman NM, Le XC. Metabolism of a Phenylarsenical in Human Hepatic Cells and Identification of a New Arsenic Metabolite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1386-1392. [PMID: 29280623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination and human consumption of chickens could result in potential exposure to Roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid), an organic arsenical that has been used as a chicken feed additive in many countries. However, little is known about the metabolism of Roxarsone in humans. The objective of this research was to investigate the metabolism of Roxarsone in human liver cells and to identify new arsenic metabolites of toxicological significance. Human primary hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were treated with 20 or 100 μM Roxarsone. Arsenic species were characterized using a strategy of complementary chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results showed that Roxarsone was metabolized to more than 10 arsenic species in human hepatic cells. A new metabolite was identified as a thiolated Roxarsone. The 24 h IC50 values of thiolated Roxarsone for A549 lung cancer cells and T24 bladder cancer cells were 380 ± 80 and 42 ± 10 μM, respectively, more toxic than Roxarsone, whose 24 h IC50 values for A549 and T24 were 9300 ± 1600 and 6800 ± 740 μM, respectively. The identification and toxicological studies of the new arsenic metabolite are useful for understanding the fate of arsenic species and assessing the potential impact of human exposure to Roxarsone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Elaine M Leslie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , 7-08A Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Birget Moe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Donna N Douglas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7
| | - Norman M Kneteman
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7
| | - X Chris Le
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
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Yu X, Xiong C, Jensen KB, Glabonjat RA, Stiboller M, Raber G, Francesconi KA. Mono-acyl arsenosugar phospholipids in the edible brown alga Kombu (Saccharina japonica). Food Chem 2018; 240:817-821. [PMID: 28946346 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty one arsenolipids, including eight new compounds (AsSugPL 692, AsSugPL 706, AsSugPL 720, AsSugPL 734, AsSugPL 742, AsSugPL 746, AsSugPL 748, and AsSugPL 776) were identified in the edible brown alga Kombu, Saccharina japonica, by means of HPLC coupled with elemental and molecular mass spectrometry. The hitherto undescribed compounds are all mono-acyl arsenosugar phospholipids, differing from previously reported natural arsenic-containing phospholipids by containing only one fatty acid on the glycerol group. Collectively, this new group of mono-acyl compounds constituted about 30% of total lipid arsenic; other significant groups were the di-acyl arsenosugar phospholipids (50%) and arsenic hydrocarbons (20%). The origin and relevance of the mono-acyl arsenosugar phospholipids in Kombu, a commercial seafood product, is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Chan Xiong
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Kenneth B Jensen
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010, Austria
| | | | - Michael Stiboller
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Georg Raber
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010, Austria
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Glabonjat RA, Ehgartner J, Duncan EG, Raber G, Jensen KB, Krikowa F, Maher WA, Francesconi KA. Arsenolipid biosynthesis by the unicellular alga Dunaliella tertiolecta is influenced by As/P ratio in culture experiments. Metallomics 2018; 10:145-153. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Culture experiments exposing unicellular algae to varying arsenate/phosphate regimes and determining their arsenometallomes by HPLC–MS shows the interconnection of arsenolipids and water-soluble arsenicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A. Glabonjat
- Institute of Chemistry
- NAWI Graz
- University of Graz
- Universitaetsplatz 1
- 8010 Graz
| | - Josef Ehgartner
- Institute of Chemistry
- NAWI Graz
- University of Graz
- Universitaetsplatz 1
- 8010 Graz
| | - Elliott G. Duncan
- Ecochemistry Laboratory
- Institute for Applied Ecology
- University of Canberra
- University Drive
- Bruce
| | - Georg Raber
- Institute of Chemistry
- NAWI Graz
- University of Graz
- Universitaetsplatz 1
- 8010 Graz
| | - Kenneth B. Jensen
- Institute of Chemistry
- NAWI Graz
- University of Graz
- Universitaetsplatz 1
- 8010 Graz
| | - Frank Krikowa
- Ecochemistry Laboratory
- Institute for Applied Ecology
- University of Canberra
- University Drive
- Bruce
| | - William A. Maher
- Ecochemistry Laboratory
- Institute for Applied Ecology
- University of Canberra
- University Drive
- Bruce
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Glabonjat RA, Raber G, Jensen KB, Guttenberger N, Zangger K, Francesconi KA. A 2- O
-Methylriboside Unknown Outside the RNA World Contains Arsenic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A. Glabonjat
- Institute of Chemistry; NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Universitaetsplatz 1/I 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Georg Raber
- Institute of Chemistry; NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Universitaetsplatz 1/I 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Kenneth B. Jensen
- Institute of Chemistry; NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Universitaetsplatz 1/I 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Nikolaus Guttenberger
- Institute of Chemistry; NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Universitaetsplatz 1/I 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Klaus Zangger
- Institute of Chemistry; NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Universitaetsplatz 1/I 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Kevin A. Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry; NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Universitaetsplatz 1/I 8010 Graz Austria
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Glabonjat RA, Raber G, Jensen KB, Guttenberger N, Zangger K, Francesconi KA. A 2-O
-Methylriboside Unknown Outside the RNA World Contains Arsenic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11963-11965. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A. Glabonjat
- Institute of Chemistry; NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Universitaetsplatz 1/I 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Georg Raber
- Institute of Chemistry; NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Universitaetsplatz 1/I 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Kenneth B. Jensen
- Institute of Chemistry; NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Universitaetsplatz 1/I 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Nikolaus Guttenberger
- Institute of Chemistry; NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Universitaetsplatz 1/I 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Klaus Zangger
- Institute of Chemistry; NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Universitaetsplatz 1/I 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Kevin A. Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry; NAWI Graz; University of Graz; Universitaetsplatz 1/I 8010 Graz Austria
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Importance of ICPMS for speciation analysis is changing: future trends for targeted and non-targeted element speciation analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:661-667. [PMID: 28735451 PMCID: PMC5775347 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This article is aimed at researchers interested in organic molecules which contain a heteroatom but who have never considered using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) or who have used ICPMS for years and developed numerous methods for analysis of target elemental species. We try to illustrate (1) that ICPMS has been very useful for speciation analysis of metal(loid) target species and that there is now a trend to replace the costly detector with cheaper detection systems for routine target analysis, and (2) that ICPMS has been used and will be used even more in the future for non-targeted analysis of elements which are not normally associated with ICPMS analysis, such as non-metals such as sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine and fluorine. Starting with HPLC-ICPMS for non-targeted analysis of heteroatom containing molecules, once target molecule is identified alternative detectors can be used for routine measurements ![]()
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Zhu YG, Xue XM, Kappler A, Rosen BP, Meharg AA. Linking Genes to Microbial Biogeochemical Cycling: Lessons from Arsenic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:7326-7339. [PMID: 28602082 PMCID: PMC5871744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The biotransformation of arsenic is highly relevant to the arsenic biogeochemical cycle. Identification of the molecular details of microbial pathways of arsenic biotransformation coupled with analyses of microbial communities by meta-omics can provide insights into detailed aspects of the complexities of this biocycle. Arsenic transformations couple to other biogeochemical cycles, and to the fate of both nutrients and other toxic environmental contaminants. Microbial redox metabolism of iron, carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen affects the redox and bioavailability of arsenic species. In this critical review we illustrate the biogeochemical processes and genes involved in arsenic biotransformations. We discuss how current and future metagenomic-, metatranscriptomic-, metaproteomic-, and metabolomic-based methods will help to decipher individual microbial arsenic transformation processes, and their connections to other biogeochemical cycle. These insights will allow future use of microbial metabolic capabilities for new biotechnological solutions to environmental problems. To understand the complex nature of inorganic and organic arsenic species and the fate of environmental arsenic will require integrating systematic approaches with biogeochemical modeling. Finally, from the lessons learned from these studies of arsenic biogeochemistry, we will be able to predict how the environment changes arsenic, and, in response, how arsenic biotransformations change the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xi-Mei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Barry P Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Andrew A Meharg
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5HN, United Kingdom
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Taylor V, Goodale B, Raab A, Schwerdtle T, Reimer K, Conklin S, Karagas MR, Francesconi KA. Human exposure to organic arsenic species from seafood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:266-282. [PMID: 28024743 PMCID: PMC5326596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seafood, including finfish, shellfish, and seaweed, is the largest contributor to arsenic (As) exposure in many human populations. In contrast to the predominance of inorganic As in water and many terrestrial foods, As in marine-derived foods is present primarily in the form of organic compounds. To date, human exposure and toxicological assessments have focused on inorganic As, while organic As has generally been considered to be non-toxic. However, the high concentrations of organic As in seafood, as well as the often complex As speciation, can lead to complications in assessing As exposure from diet. In this report, we evaluate the presence and distribution of organic As species in seafood, and combined with consumption data, address the current capabilities and needs for determining human exposure to these compounds. The analytical approaches and shortcomings for assessing these compounds are reviewed, with a focus on the best practices for characterization and quantitation. Metabolic pathways and toxicology of two important classes of organic arsenicals, arsenolipids and arsenosugars, are examined, as well as individual variability in absorption of these compounds. Although determining health outcomes or assessing a need for regulatory policies for organic As exposure is premature, the extensive consumption of seafood globally, along with the preliminary toxicological profiles of these compounds and their confounding effect on assessing exposure to inorganic As, suggests further investigations and process-level studies on organic As are needed to fill the current gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ken Reimer
- Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Witt B, Meyer S, Ebert F, Francesconi KA, Schwerdtle T. Toxicity of two classes of arsenolipids and their water-soluble metabolites in human differentiated neurons. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3121-3134. [PMID: 28180949 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenolipids are lipid-soluble organoarsenic compounds, mainly occurring in marine organisms, with arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs) and arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFAs) representing two major subgroups. Recently, toxicity studies of several arsenolipids showed a high cytotoxic potential of those arsenolipids in human liver and bladder cells. Furthermore, feeding studies with Drosophila melanogaster indicated an accumulation of arsenolipids in the fruit fly's brain. In this study, the neurotoxic potential of three AsHCs, two AsFAs and three metabolites (dimethylarsinic acid, thio/oxo-dimethylarsenopropanoic acid) was investigated in comparison to the toxic reference arsenite (iAsIII) in fully differentiated human brain cells (LUHMES cells). Thereby, in the case of AsHCs both the cell number and cell viability were reduced in a low micromolar concentration range comparable to iAsIII, while AsFAs and the applied metabolites were less toxic. Mechanistic studies revealed that AsHCs reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas neither iAsIII nor AsFAs had an impact. Furthermore, neurotoxic mechanisms were investigated by examining the neuronal network. Here, AsHCs massively disturbed the neuronal network and induced apoptotic effects, while iAsIII and AsFAs showed comparatively lesser effects. Taking into account the substantial in vitro neurotoxic potential of the AsHCs and the fact that they could transfer across the physiological barriers of the brain, a neurotoxic potential in vivo for the AsHCs cannot be excluded and needs to be urgently characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Witt
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sören Meyer
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kevin A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Witt B, Bornhorst J, Mitze H, Ebert F, Meyer S, Francesconi KA, Schwerdtle T. Arsenolipids exert less toxicity in a human neuron astrocyte co-culture as compared to the respective monocultures. Metallomics 2017; 9:442-446. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00036g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Khan M, Francesconi KA. Preliminary studies on the stability of arsenolipids: Implications for sample handling and analysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 49:97-103. [PMID: 28007184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human health risk assessments concerning arsenic are now estimating exposure through food in addition to exposure through drinking water. Intrinsic to this assessment is sample handling and preparation that maintains the arsenic species in the form that they occur in foods. We investigated the stability of three arsenolipids (two arsenic fatty acids, AsFA-362 and AsFA-388, and one arsenic hydrocarbon AsHC-332), common constituents of fish and algae, relevant to sample storage and transport, and to their preparation for quantitative measurements. The fate of the arsenolipids was followed by high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray triple quadruple mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESIMS) analyses. Storage of the compounds dry as pure compounds or mixed in fish oil at up to 60˚C did not result in significant changes to the compounds, although losses were observed by apparent adsorption onto the plastic walls of the polypropylene tubes. No losses occurred when the experiment was repeated with glass tubes. When the compounds were stored in ethanol for up to 15 days under acidic, neutral, or alkaline conditions (each at room temperature), no significant decomposition was observed, although esterification of the fatty acids occurred at low pH. The compounds were also stable during a sample preparation step involving passage through a small silica column. The results indicate that these typical arsenolipids are stable when stored in glass at temperatures up to 60˚C for at least 2 days, and that, consequently, samples of food or extracts thereof can be transported dry at ambient temperatures, i.e. without the need for cool conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muslim Khan
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kevin A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Raab A, Stiboller M, Gajdosechova Z, Nelson J, Feldmann J. Element content and daily intake from dietary supplements (nutraceuticals) based on algae, garlic, yeast fish and krill oils—Should consumers be worried? J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Guttenberger N, Glabonjat RA, Jensen KB, Zangger K, Francesconi KA. Synthesis of two arsenic-containing cyclic ethers: model compounds for a novel group of naturally-occurring arsenolipids. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Barciela-Alonso MC, Bermejo-Barrera P, Feldmann J, Raab A, Hansen HR, Bluemlein K, Wallschläger D, Stiboller M, Glabonjat RA, Raber G, Jensen KB, Francesconi KA. Arsenic and As Species. Metallomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527694907.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Barciela-Alonso
- University of Santiago de Compostela; Department of analytical Chemistry; Nutrition and Bromatology. Avda. das Ciencias s/n 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Pilar Bermejo-Barrera
- University of Santiago de Compostela; Department of analytical Chemistry; Nutrition and Bromatology. Avda. das Ciencias s/n 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- University of Aberdeen; Department of Chemistry, TESLA (Trace Element Speciation Laboratory); Meston Walk AB24 3UE Aberdeen UK
| | - Andrea Raab
- University of Aberdeen; Department of Chemistry, TESLA (Trace Element Speciation Laboratory); Meston Walk AB24 3UE Aberdeen UK
| | - Helle R. Hansen
- Chemist Metal Section; Eurofins Miljo A/S, Ladelundvej 85 6600 Vejen Denmark
| | - Katharina Bluemlein
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental; Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1 30625 Hannover Germany
| | - Dirk Wallschläger
- Trent University; Water Quality Centre, 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2 Canada
| | - Michael Stiboller
- University of Graz; Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz; Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Ronald A. Glabonjat
- University of Graz; Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz; Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Georg Raber
- University of Graz; Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz; Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Kenneth B. Jensen
- University of Graz; Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz; Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Kevin A. Francesconi
- University of Graz; Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz; Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
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Bierla K, Flis-Borsuk A, Suchocki P, Szpunar J, Lobinski R. Speciation of Selenium in Selenium-Enriched Sunflower Oil by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry/Electrospray-Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4975-4981. [PMID: 27214173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of sunflower oil with selenite produces a complex mixture of selenitriglycerides with antioxidant and anticancer properties. To obtain insight into the identity and characteristics of the species formed, an analytical approach based on the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with (78)Se-specific selenium detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) and high-resolution (100 000), high mass accuracy (<1 ppm) molecule-specific detection by electrospray-Orbitrap MS(3) was developed. For the first time, a non-aqueous mobile phase gradient was used in reversed-phase HPLC-ICP MS for the separation of a complex mixture of selenospecies and a mathematical correction of the background signal was developed. The identical chromatographic conditions served for the sample introduction into electrospray MS. Two types of samples were analyzed: sunflower oil dissolved in isopropanol and methanol extract of the oil containing 65% selenium. HPLC-ICP MS showed 14 peaks, 11 of which could also be detected in the methanol extract. Isotopic patterns corresponding to molecules with one or two selenium atoms could be attributed by Orbitrap MS at the retention times corresponding to the HPLC-ICP MS peak apexes. Structural data for these species were acquired by MS(2) and MS(3) fragmentation of protonated or sodiated ions using high-energy collisional dissociation (HCD). A total of 11 selenium-containing triglycerol derivatives resulting from the oxidation of one or two double bonds of linoleic acid and analogous derivatives of glycerol-mixed linoleate(s)/oleinate(s) have been identified for the first time. The presence of these species was confirmed by the targeted analysis in the total oil isopropanol solution. Their identification corroborated the predicted elution order in reversed-phase chromatography: LLL (glycerol trilinoleate), LLO (glycerol dilinoleate-oleinate), LOO (glycerol linoleate-dioleinate), OOO (glycerol trioleinate), of which the extrapolation allowed for the prediction of the identity [glycerol dioleinate-stearate (OOS) and glycerol oleinate-distearate (OSS)] of the nonpolar species detected by ICP MS in the oil but not detected by electrospray MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bierla
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE), Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA) , Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Anna Flis-Borsuk
- Department of Drug Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw , Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Suchocki
- Department of Drug Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw , Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Szpunar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE), Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA) , Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE), Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA) , Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau, France
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Francesconi KA, Schwerdtle T. Fat-soluble arsenic - new lipids with a sting in their tail. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/lite.201600024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science; University of Potsdam; 14558 Nuthetal Germany
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42
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Niehoff AC, Schulz J, Soltwisch J, Meyer S, Kettling H, Sperling M, Jeibmann A, Dreisewerd K, Francesconi KA, Schwerdtle T, Karst U. Imaging by Elemental and Molecular Mass Spectrometry Reveals the Uptake of an Arsenolipid in the Brain of Drosophila melanogaster. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5258-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Niehoff
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse
30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- NRW
Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Schulz
- Institute
of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Soltwisch
- Institute
for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sören Meyer
- NRW
Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute
of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Hans Kettling
- Institute
for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Münster Medical School, Domagkstrasse
3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Sperling
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse
30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Astrid Jeibmann
- Institute
of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Dreisewerd
- Institute
for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Münster Medical School, Domagkstrasse
3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kevin A. Francesconi
- Institute
of Chemistry−Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute
of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse
30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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43
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Pereira ÉR, de Almeida TS, Borges DL, Carasek E, Welz B, Feldmann J, Campo Menoyo JD. Investigation of chemical modifiers for the direct determination of arsenic in fish oil using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 150:142-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Viczek SA, Jensen KB, Francesconi KA. Arsenic-Containing Phosphatidylcholines: A New Group of Arsenolipids Discovered in Herring Caviar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 128:5345-5348. [PMID: 27478276 PMCID: PMC4949577 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201512031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new group of arsenolipids based on cell-membrane phosphatidylcholines has been discovered in herring caviar (fish roe). A combination of HPLC with elemental and molecular mass spectrometry was used to identify five arsenic-containing phosphatidylcholines; the same technique applied to salmon caviar identified an arsenic-containing phosphatidylethanolamine. The arsenic group in these membrane lipids might impart particular properties to the molecules not displayed by their non-arsenic analogues. Additionally, the new compounds have human health implications according to recent results showing high cytotoxicity for some arsenolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Viczek
- Institute of Chemistry: Analytical Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Kenneth B Jensen
- Institute of Chemistry: Analytical Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Kevin A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry: Analytical Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
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45
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Viczek SA, Jensen KB, Francesconi KA. Arsenic-Containing Phosphatidylcholines: A New Group of Arsenolipids Discovered in Herring Caviar. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5259-62. [PMID: 26996517 PMCID: PMC4950057 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201512031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new group of arsenolipids based on cell‐membrane phosphatidylcholines has been discovered in herring caviar (fish roe). A combination of HPLC with elemental and molecular mass spectrometry was used to identify five arsenic‐containing phosphatidylcholines; the same technique applied to salmon caviar identified an arsenic‐containing phosphatidylethanolamine. The arsenic group in these membrane lipids might impart particular properties to the molecules not displayed by their non‐arsenic analogues. Additionally, the new compounds have human health implications according to recent results showing high cytotoxicity for some arsenolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Viczek
- Institute of Chemistry: Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Kenneth B Jensen
- Institute of Chemistry: Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Kevin A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry: Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
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46
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Khan M, Jensen KB, Francesconi KA. A method for determining arsenolipids in seawater by HPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 153:301-5. [PMID: 27130122 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic-containing lipids (arsenolipids), naturally occurring arsenicals in algae, have never been detected in seawater even though they might be introduced to the water column on senescence of marine algae or by active excretion. The complex nature of seawater presents an analytical challenge to detect these compounds and to monitor their environmental fate. We developed a simple sample preparation method using liquid-liquid extraction combined with HPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) capable of measuring six standard arsenolipids in seawater at the ng As/L level (<1% of the total arsenic in seawater). The method is suitable for studies on the biotransformation and pathways of arsenolipids in the marine environment. When we applied the method to four samples of natural seawater, however, we did not find any of the six standard arsenolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muslim Khan
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kenneth B Jensen
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kevin A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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47
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Jackson BP, Punshon T. Recent Advances in the Measurement of Arsenic, Cadmium, and Mercury in Rice and Other Foods. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 2:15-24. [PMID: 25938012 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-014-0035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trace element analysis of foods is of increasing importance because of raised consumer awareness and the need to evaluate and establish regulatory guidelines for toxic trace metals and metalloids. This paper reviews recent advances in the analysis of trace elements in food, including challenges, state-of-the-art methods, and use of spatially resolved techniques for localizing the distribution of arsenic and mercury within rice grains. Total elemental analysis of foods is relatively well-established, but the push for ever lower detection limits requires that methods be robust from potential matrix interferences, which can be particularly severe for food. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is the method of choice, allowing for multi-element and highly sensitive analyses. For arsenic, speciation analysis is necessary because the inorganic forms are more likely to be subject to regulatory limits. Chromatographic techniques coupled to ICP-MS are most often used for arsenic speciation, and a range of methods now exist for a variety of different arsenic species in different food matrices. Speciation and spatial analysis of foods, especially rice, can also be achieved with synchrotron techniques. Sensitive analytical techniques and methodological advances provide robust methods for the assessment of several metals in animal- and plant-based foods, particularly for arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in rice and arsenic speciation in foodstuffs.
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48
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Meyer S, Raber G, Ebert F, Leffers L, Müller SM, Taleshi MS, Francesconi KA, Schwerdtle T. In vitro toxicological characterisation of arsenic-containing fatty acids and three of their metabolites. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 4:1289-1296. [PMID: 26744620 PMCID: PMC4690163 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic-containing fatty acids are bioavailable and toxic to human liver cells in culture.
Arsenic-containing fatty acids are a group of fat-soluble arsenic species (arsenolipids) which are present in marine fish and other seafood. Recently, it has been shown that arsenic-containing hydrocarbons, another group of arsenolipids, exert toxicity in similar concentrations comparable to arsenite although the toxic modes of action differ. Hence, a risk assessment of arsenolipids is urgently needed. In this study the cellular toxicity of a saturated (AsFA 362) and an unsaturated (AsFA 388) arsenic-containing fatty acid and three of their proposed metabolites (DMAV, DMAPr and thio-DMAPr) were investigated in human liver cells (HepG2). Even though both arsenic-containing fatty acids were less toxic as compared to arsenic-containing hydrocarbons and arsenite, significant effects were observable at μM concentrations. DMAV causes effects in a similar concentration range and it could be seen that it is metabolised to its highly toxic thio analogue thio-DMAV in HepG2 cells. Nevertheless, DMAPr and thio-DMAPr did not exert any cytotoxicity. In summary, our data indicate that risks to human health related to the presence of arsenic-containing fatty acids in marine food cannot be excluded. This stresses the need for a full in vitro and in vivo toxicological characterisation of these arsenolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meyer
- Graduate School of Chemistry , University of Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 , 48149 Münster , Germany . ; Institute of Nutritional Science , University of Potsdam , Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 , 14558 Nuthetal , Germany
| | - G Raber
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry , NAWI Graz , University of Graz , Universitätsplatz 1 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - F Ebert
- Institute of Nutritional Science , University of Potsdam , Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 , 14558 Nuthetal , Germany
| | - L Leffers
- Graduate School of Chemistry , University of Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - S M Müller
- Institute of Nutritional Science , University of Potsdam , Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 , 14558 Nuthetal , Germany ; Heinrich-Stockmeyer-Stiftung , Parkstraße 44-46 , 49214 Bad Rothenfelde , Germany
| | - M S Taleshi
- Department of Marine Chemistry , Faculty of Marine Science , University of Mazandaran , Babolsar , Iran
| | - K A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry , NAWI Graz , University of Graz , Universitätsplatz 1 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - T Schwerdtle
- Graduate School of Chemistry , University of Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 , 48149 Münster , Germany . ; Institute of Nutritional Science , University of Potsdam , Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 , 14558 Nuthetal , Germany
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49
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Arroyo-Abad U, Hu Z, Findeisen M, Pfeifer D, Mattusch J, Reemtsma T, Piechotta C. Synthesis of two new arsenolipids and their identification in fish. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Arroyo-Abad
- Department of Analytical Chemistry-Reference Materials; BAM-Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Berlin Germany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
| | - Zehan Hu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
| | - Matthias Findeisen
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department Structure Analysis-NMR Spectroscopy; BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Berlin Germany
| | - Jürgen Mattusch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Christian Piechotta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry-Reference Materials; BAM-Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Berlin Germany
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50
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Sele V, Sloth JJ, Julshamn K, Skov K, Amlund H. A study of lipid- and water-soluble arsenic species in liver of Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) containing high levels of total arsenic. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 30:171-9. [PMID: 25618262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study liver samples (n=26) of Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua), ranging in total arsenic concentrations from 2.1 to 240mg/kg liver wet weight (ww), were analysed for their content of total arsenic and arsenic species in the lipid-soluble and water-soluble fractions. The arsenic concentrations in the lipid fractions ranged from 1.8 to 16.4mg As/kg oil of liver, and a linear correlation (r(2)=0.80, p<0.001) was observed between the total arsenic concentrations in liver and the total arsenic concentrations in the respective lipid fractions of the same livers. The relative proportion of arsenolipids was considerably lower in liver samples with high total arsenic levels (33-240mg/kg ww), which contained from 3 to 7% of the total arsenic in the lipid-soluble fraction. In contrast liver samples with low arsenic concentrations (2.1-33mg/kg ww) contained up to 50% of the total arsenic as lipid-soluble species. Arsenic speciation analysis of the lipid-soluble fractions of the livers, using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS), revealed the presence of several arsenolipids. Three major arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (C17H39AsO, C19H41AsO and C23H37AsO) and five arsenic-containing fatty acids (C17H35AsO3, C19H39AO3, C19H37AsO3, C23H37AsO3 and C24H37AsO3) were identified using HPLC coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS). Arsenobetaine was the major arsenic species in the water-soluble fraction of the livers, while dimethylarsinate, arsenocholine and inorganic arsenic were minor constituents. Inorganic arsenic accounted for less than 0.1% of the total arsenic in the liver samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Sele
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Post Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Biology, University of Bergen, Post Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Jens J Sloth
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Post Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Kåre Julshamn
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Post Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kasper Skov
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Heidi Amlund
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Post Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
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