1
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Shi Z, Du Y, Liu H, Deng Y, Gan Y, Xie X. Molecular characteristics of dissolved organic phosphorus in watershed runoff: Coupled influences of land use and precipitation. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:387-398. [PMID: 39095174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Land use and precipitation are two major factors affecting phosphorus (P) pollution of watershed runoff. However, molecular characterization of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) in runoff under the joint influences of land use and precipitation remains limited. This study used Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) to study the molecular characteristics of DOP in a typical P-polluted watershed with spatially variable land use and precipitation. The results showed that low precipitation and intense human activity, including phosphate mining and associated industries, resulted in the accumulation of aliphatic DOP compounds in the upper reaches, characterized by low aromaticity and low biological stability. Higher precipitation and widespread agriculture in the middle and lower reaches resulted in highly unsaturated DOP compounds with high biological stability constituting a higher proportion, compared to in the upper reaches. While, under similar precipitation, more aliphatic DOP compounds characterized by lower aromaticity and higher saturation were enriched in the lower reaches due to more influence from urban runoff relative to the middle reaches. Photochemical and/or microbial processes did result in changes in the characteristics of DOP compounds during runoff processes due to the prevalence of low molecular weight and low O/C bioavailable aliphatic DOP molecules in the upper reaches, which were increasingly transformed into refractory compounds from the upper to middle reaches. The results of this study can increase the understanding of the joint impacts of land use and precipitation on DOP compounds in watershed runoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyao Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yao Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Hongni Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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2
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Buckley S, Leresche F, Norris K, Rosario-Ortiz FL. Role of Direct and Sensitized Photolysis in the Photomineralization of Dissolved Organic Matter and Model Chromophores to Carbon Dioxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:13808-13819. [PMID: 39047179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the fundamental processes that drive the photomineralization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to carbon dioxide (CO2), deconvoluting the role of direct and sensitized photolysis. Here, a suite of DOM isolates and model compounds were exposed to simulated sunlight in the presence of various physical and chemical quenchers to assess the magnitude, rate, and extent of direct and sensitized photomineralization to CO2. Results suggest that CO2 formation occurs in a biphasic kinetic system, with fast production occurring within the first 3 h, followed by slower production thereafter. Notably, phenol model chromophores were the highest CO2 formers and, when conjugated with carboxylic functional groups, exhibited a high efficiency for CO2 formation relative to absorbed light. Simple polycarboxylated aromatic compounds included in this study were shown to be resistant to photomineralization. Quencher results suggest that direct photolysis and excited triplet state sensitization may be largely responsible for CO2 photoproduction in DOM, while singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical sensitization may play a limited role. After 3 h of irradiation, the CO2 formation rate significantly decreased, and the role of sensitized reactions in CO2 formation increased. Together, the results from this study advance the understanding of the fundamental reactions driving DOM photomineralization to CO2, which is an important part of the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Buckley
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Frank Leresche
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kari Norris
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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3
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Patrone J, Vila-Costa M, Dachs J, Papazian S, Gago-Ferrero P, Gil-Solsona R. Enhancing Molecular Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter by Integrative Direct Infusion and Liquid Chromatography Nontargeted Workflows. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12454-12466. [PMID: 38958378 PMCID: PMC11256763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic systems is a highly heterogeneous mixture of water-soluble organic compounds, acting as a major carbon reservoir driving biogeochemical cycles. Understanding DOM molecular composition is thus of vital interest for the health assessment of aquatic ecosystems, yet its characterization poses challenges due to its complex and dynamic chemical profile. Here, we performed a comprehensive chemical analysis of DOM from highly urbanized river and seawater sources and compared it to drinking water. Extensive analyses by nontargeted direct infusion (DI) and liquid chromatography (LC) high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) through Orbitrap were integrated with novel computational workflows to allow molecular- and structural-level characterization of DOM. Across all water samples, over 7000 molecular formulas were calculated using both methods (∼4200 in DI and ∼3600 in LC). While the DI approach was limited to molecular formula calculation, the downstream data processing of MS2 spectral information combining library matching and in silico predictions enabled a comprehensive structural-level characterization of 16% of the molecular space detected by LC-HRMS across all water samples. Both analytical methods proved complementary, covering a broad chemical space that includes more highly polar compounds with DI and more less polar ones with LC. The innovative integration of diverse analytical techniques and computational workflow introduces a robust and largely available framework in the field, providing a widely applicable approach that significantly contributes to understanding the complex molecular composition of DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Patrone
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council
of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Maria Vila-Costa
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council
of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council
of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Stefano Papazian
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES, Exposure & Effects), Science for
Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
- National
Facility for Exposomics, Metabolomics Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council
of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Rubén Gil-Solsona
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council
of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
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4
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Buckley S, McKay G, Leresche F, Rosario-Ortiz F. Inferring the Molecular Basis for Dissolved Organic Matter Photochemical and Optical Properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9040-9050. [PMID: 38743693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of photochemical and optical properties to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM), a significant gap persists in our understanding of the relationship among these properties. This study infers the molecular basis for the optical and photochemical properties of DOM using a comprehensive framework and known structural moieties within DOM. Utilizing Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) as a model DOM, carboxylated aromatics, phenols, and quinones were identified as dominant contributors to the absorbance spectra, and phenols, quinones, aldehydes, and ketones were identified as major contributors to radiative energy pathways. It was estimated that chromophores constitute ∼63% w/w of dissolved organic carbon in SRFA and ∼47% w/w of overall SRFA. Notably, estimations indicate the pool of fluorescent compounds and photosensitizing compounds in SRFA are likely distinct from each other at wavelengths below 400 nm. This perspective offers a practical tool to aid in the identification of probable chemical groups when interpreting optical and photochemical data and challenges the current "black box" thinking. Instead, DOM photochemical and optical properties can be closely estimated by assuming the DOM is composed of a mixture of individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Buckley
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Garrett McKay
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Frank Leresche
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Fernando Rosario-Ortiz
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Zhang Y, Yan L, Wang L, Zhang H, Chen J, Geng N. A nation-wide study for the occurrence of PPD antioxidants and 6PPD-quinone in road dusts of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171393. [PMID: 38431175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
N,N'-substituted p-phenylenediamines (PPDs) are widely used antioxidants in rubber tires, which could be released and accumulated in road dusts with rubber tires wear. As ozonation product of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) exhibited higher toxicity to coho salmon. However, studies on their environmental behaviors are still limited. Road dust is the major medium PPDs exist, which significantly affects the levels of PPDs in other mediums, especially surface water and particulate matter. In this study, road dust samples were collected in 55 major cities of China to explore the distribution characteristics of PPDs and 6PPD-Q. The concentrations of total PPDs (ΣPPDs) and 6PPD-Q in urban trunk road dust samples were in the ranges of 7.90-727 and 3.00-349 ng/g, with median concentrations of 68 and 49 ng/g, respectively. 6PPD and 6PPD-Q are the dominant components in most road dusts. The functional region-dependent pollution characteristics of PPDs and 6PPD-Q give the first finding that urban tunnel road was the highly polluted region, followed by urban trunk roads. Suburban road dusts had a lower pollution level. Moreover, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of PPDs and 6PPD-Q for children was much higher than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lei Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Longxing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ningbo Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Potemkin AA, Proskurnin MA, Volkov DS. Noise Filtering Algorithm Using Gaussian Mixture Models for High-Resolution Mass Spectra of Natural Organic Matter. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5455-5461. [PMID: 38530650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectra of natural organic matter (NOM) contain a large number of noise signals. These signals interfere with the correct molecular composition estimation during nontargeted analysis because formula-assignment programs find empirical formulas for such peaks as well. Previously proposed noise filtering methods that utilize the profile of the intensity distribution of mass spectrum peaks rely on a histogram to calculate the intensity threshold value. However, the histogram profile can vary depending on the user settings. In addition, these algorithms are not automated, so they are handled manually. To overcome the mentioned drawbacks, we propose a new algorithm for noise filtering in mass spectra. This filter is based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), a machine learning method to find the intensity threshold value. The algorithm is completely data-driven and eliminates the need to work with a histogram. It has no customizable parameters and automatically determines the noise level for each individual mass spectrum. The algorithm performance was tested on mass spectra of natural organic matter obtained by averaging a different number of microscans (transients), and the results were compared with other noise filters proposed in the literature. Finally, the effect of this noise filtering approach on the fraction of peaks with assigned formulas was investigated. It was shown that there is always an increase in the identification rate, but the magnitude of the effect changes with the number of microscans averaged. The increase can be as high as 15%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Potemkin
- Chemistry Department of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Proskurnin
- Chemistry Department of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Volkov
- Chemistry Department of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
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7
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Xia X, Han X, Zhai Y. Activation of iron oxide minerals in an aquifer by humic acid to promote adsorption of organic molecules. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120543. [PMID: 38479284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In aquifers, the sequestration and transformation of organic carbon are closely associated with soil iron oxides and can facilitate the release of iron ions from iron oxide minerals. There is a strong interaction between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and iron oxide minerals in aquifers, but the extent to which iron is activated by DOM exposure to active iron minerals in natural aquifers, the microscopic distribution of minerals on the surface, and the mechanisms involved in DOM molecular transformation are currently unclear. This study investigated the nonbiological reduction transformation and coupled adsorption of iron oxide minerals in aquifers containing DOM from both macro- and micro perspectives. The results of macroscopic dynamics experiments indicate that DOM can mediate soluble iron release during the reduction of iron oxide minerals, that pH strongly affects DOM removal, and that DOM is more efficiently degraded at low rather than high pH values, suggesting that a low pH is conducive to DOM adsorption and oxidation. Spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (SACTS) indicates that the reacted mineral surfaces are covered with large amounts of carbon and that dynamic agglomeration of iron, carbon, and oxygen occurs. At the nanoscale, three forms of DOM are found in the mineral surface agglomerates (on the surfaces, inside the surface agglomerates, and in the polymer pores). The microscopic organic carbon and iron mineral reaction patterns can form through oxidation reactions and selective adsorption effects. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra indicate that both synergistic and antagonistic reactions occur between DOM and the minerals, that the release of iron is accompanied by DOM decomposition and humification, that large oxygen- and carbon-containing molecules are broken down into smaller oxygen- and carbon-containing compounds and that more molecules are produced through oxidation under acidic rather than alkaline conditions. These molecules provide adsorption sites for sediment, meaning that more iron can be released. Microscopic evidence for the release of iron was acquired. These results improve the understanding of the geochemical processes affecting iron in groundwater, the nonbiological transformation mechanisms that occur at the interfaces between natural iron minerals and organic matter, groundwater pollution control, and the environmental behavior of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Xia
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Heilongjiang Province, 150090, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhai
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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8
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Catalán N, Rofner C, Verpoorter C, Pérez MT, Dittmar T, Tranvik L, Sommaruga R, Peter H. Treeline displacement may affect lake dissolved organic matter processing at high latitudes and altitudes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2640. [PMID: 38531850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change induced shifts in treeline position, both towards higher altitudes and latitudes induce changes in soil organic matter. Eventually, soil organic matter is transported to alpine and subarctic lakes with yet unknown consequences for dissolved organic matter (DOM) diversity and processing. Here, we experimentally investigate the consequences of treeline shifts by amending subarctic and temperate alpine lake water with soil-derived DOM from above and below the treeline. We use ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to track molecular DOM diversity (i.e., chemodiversity), estimate DOM decay and measure bacterial growth efficiency. In both lakes, soil-derived DOM from below the treeline increases lake DOM chemodiversity mainly through the enrichment with polyphenolic and highly unsaturated compounds. These compositional changes are associated with reductions in bulk and compound-level DOM reactivity and reduced bacterial growth efficiency. Our results suggest that treeline advancement has the potential to enrich a large number of lake ecosystems with less biodegradable DOM, affecting bacterial community function and potentially altering the biogeochemical cycling of carbon in lakes at high latitudes and altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Catalán
- Limnology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
- SHE2, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carina Rofner
- Lake and Glacier Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Charles Verpoorter
- University Littoral Côte d'Opale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lille, IRD, UMR -LOG-Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-Wimereux, France
| | - María Teresa Pérez
- Lake and Glacier Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lars Tranvik
- Limnology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruben Sommaruga
- Lake and Glacier Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannes Peter
- Lake and Glacier Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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9
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Freeman EC, Emilson EJS, Dittmar T, Braga LPP, Emilson CE, Goldhammer T, Martineau C, Singer G, Tanentzap AJ. Universal microbial reworking of dissolved organic matter along environmental gradients. Nat Commun 2024; 15:187. [PMID: 38168076 PMCID: PMC10762207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Soils are losing increasing amounts of carbon annually to freshwaters as dissolved organic matter (DOM), which, if degraded, can offset their carbon sink capacity. However, the processes underlying DOM degradation across environments are poorly understood. Here we show DOM changes similarly along soil-aquatic gradients irrespective of environmental differences. Using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, we track DOM along soil depths and hillslope positions in forest catchments and relate its composition to soil microbiomes and physico-chemical conditions. Along depths and hillslopes, we find carbohydrate-like and unsaturated hydrocarbon-like compounds increase in abundance-weighted mass, and the expression of genes essential for degrading plant-derived carbohydrates explains >50% of the variation in abundance of these compounds. These results suggest that microbes transform plant-derived compounds, leaving DOM to become increasingly dominated by the same (i.e., universal), difficult-to-degrade compounds as degradation proceeds. By synthesising data from the land-to-ocean continuum, we suggest these processes generalise across ecosystems and spatiotemporal scales. Such general degradation patterns can help predict DOM composition and reactivity along environmental gradients to inform management of soil-to-stream carbon losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika C Freeman
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.
| | - Erik J S Emilson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste, Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lucas P P Braga
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Caroline E Emilson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste, Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Tobias Goldhammer
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm, 301, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Martineau
- Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 Du P.E.P.S. Street, P.O. Box 10380, Québec, G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Gabriel Singer
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrew J Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
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10
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Hou J, Zhang R, Ge J, Ma C, Yi Y, Qi Y, Li SL. Molecular and optical signatures of photochemical transformation of dissolved organic matter: Nonnegligible role of suspended particulate matter in urban river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166842. [PMID: 37689212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the Earth's dynamic carbon pools and a key intermediate in the global carbon cycle. Photochemical processes potentially affect DOM composition and activity in surface water. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is the integral component of slow-moving rivers, and holds the potential for photochemical reactivity. To further investigate the influence of SPM on DOM photochemical transformation, this study conducted experiments comparing samples with and without SPM irradiated under simulated sunlight. Surface water samples from slow-moving urban rivers were collected. DOM optical characteristics and molecular features obtained by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were investigated. Photolabile DOM was enriched in unsaturated and highly aromatic terrestrial substances. Photoproduced DOM had low aromaticity and was dominated by saturated aliphatics, protein-like substances, and carbohydrates. Study results indicated that the presence of SPM had a nonnegligible impact on the molecular traits of DOM, such as composition, molecular diversity, photolability, and bioavailability during photochemical reactions. In the environment affected by SPM, molecules containing heteroatoms exhibit higher photosensitivity. SPM promotes the photochemical transformation of a wider range of chemical types of photolabile DOM, particularly nitrogen-containing compounds. This study provides an essential insight into the more precise simulation of photochemical reactions of DOM influenced by SPM occurring in natural rivers, contributing to our understanding of the global carbon cycle from new theoretical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Hou
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruochun Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuanbi Yi
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300072, China
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11
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Kajan K, Osterholz H, Stegen J, Gligora Udovič M, Orlić S. Mechanisms shaping dissolved organic matter and microbial community in lake ecosystems. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120653. [PMID: 37742402 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Lakes are active components of the global carbon cycle and host a range of processes that degrade and modify dissolved organic matter (DOM). Through the degradation of DOM molecules and the synthesis of new compounds, microbes in aquatic environments strongly and continuously influence chemodiversity, which can feedback to influence microbial diversity. Developing a better understanding of the biodiversity patterns that emerge along spatial and environmental gradients is one of the key objectives of community ecology. A changing climate may affect ecological feedback, including those that affect microbial communities. To maintain the function of a lake ecosystem and predict carbon cycling in the environment, it is increasingly important to understand the coupling between microbial and DOM diversity. To unravel the biotic and abiotic mechanisms that control the structure and patterns of DOM and microbial communities in lakes, we combined high-throughput sequencing and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry together with a null modeling approach. The advantage of null models is their ability to evaluate the relative influences of stochastic and deterministic assembly processes in both DOM and microbial community assemblages. The present study includes spatiotemporal signatures of DOM and the microbial community in six temperate lakes contrasting continental and Mediterranean climates during the productive season. Different environmental conditions and nutrient sources characterized the studied lakes. Our results have shown high covariance between molecular-level DOM diversity and the diversity of individual microbial communities especially with diversity of microeukaryotes and free-living bacteria indicating their dynamic feedback. We found that the differences between lakes and climatic regions were mainly reflected in the diversity of DOM at the molecular formula-level and the microeukaryota community. Furthermore, using null models the DOM assembly was governed by deterministic variable selection operating consistently and strongly within and among lakes. In contrast, microbial community assembly processes were highly variable across lakes with different trophic status and climatic regions. Difference in the processes governing DOM and microbial composition does not indicate weak coupling between these components, rather it suggests that distinct factors may be influencing microbial communities and DOM assemblages separately. Further understanding of the DOM-microbe coupling (or lack thereof) is key to formulating predictive models of future lake ecology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kajan
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Split, Croatia
| | - Helena Osterholz
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - James Stegen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P. O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Marija Gligora Udovič
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandi Orlić
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Split, Croatia.
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12
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Vemulapalli SPB, Griesinger C, Dittmar T. Expanding the Limits of Structural Characterization of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter Using Nonuniform Sampling Frequency-Reversed Edited HSQC NMR. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14770-14776. [PMID: 37725656 PMCID: PMC10551856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The multiplicity-edited heteronuclear single quantum correlation (ME-HSQC) NMR method is widely used for the structural characterization of marine dissolved organic matter (DOM), which is a complex molecular mixture comprising millions of individual compounds. However, the standard ME-HSQC suffers from significant signal cancellation and subsequent loss of crucial structural information due to the overlap between CH3/CH (positive) and CH2 (negative) cross-peaks in overcrowded regions. This study introduces nonuniform sampling in frequency-reversed ME-HSQC (NUS FR-ME-HSQC), highlighting its remarkable potential for the comprehensive structural characterization of marine DOM. By reversing the frequency of CH2 cross-peaks into an empty region, the FR-ME-HSQC method effectively simplifies the spectra and eliminates signal cancellation. We demonstrate that nonuniform sampling enables the acquisition of comparable spectra in half the time or significantly enhances the sensitivity in time-equivalent spectra. Comparative analysis also identifies vulnerable CH2 cross-peaks in the standard ME-HSQC that coincide with CH3 and CH cross-peaks, resulting in the loss of critical structural details. In contrast, the NUS FR-ME-HSQC retains these missing correlations, enabling in-depth characterization of marine DOM. These findings highlight the potential of NUS FR-ME-HSQC as an advanced NMR technique that effectively addresses challenges such as signal overcrowding and prolonged experimental times, enabling the thorough investigation of complex mixtures with implications in several fields, including chemistry, metabolomics, and environmental sciences. The advantages of NUS FR-ME-HSQC are experimentally demonstrated on two solid-phase-extracted DOM (SPE-DOM) samples from the surface and deep ocean. With this new technology, differences in the composition of DOM from various aquatic environments can be assigned to individual molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahithya Phani Babu Vemulapalli
- Research
Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology
of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University
of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department
of NMR Based Structural Biology, Max Planck
Institute (MPI) for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Research
Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology
of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University
of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz
Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of
Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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13
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Catalá TS, Speidel LG, Wenzel-Storjohann A, Dittmar T, Tasdemir D. Bioactivity profile of dissolved organic matter and its relation to molecular composition. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:32. [PMID: 37721596 PMCID: PMC10507005 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) occupies a huge and uncharted molecular space. Given its properties, DOM can be presented as a promising biotechnological resource. However, research into bioactivities of DOM is still in early stages. In this study, the biotechnological potential of terrestrial and marine DOM, its molecular composition and their relationships are investigated. Samples were screened for their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Antibacterial activity was detected against Staphylococcus aureus in almost all DOM samples, with freshwater DOM showing the lowest IC50 values. Most samples also inhibited Staphylococcus epidermidis, and four DOM extracts showed up to fourfold higher potency than the reference drug. Antifungal activity was limited to only porewater DOM towards human dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum. No significant in vitro anticancer activity was observed. Low antioxidant potential was exerted. The molecular characterization by FT-ICR MS allowed a broad compositional overview. Three main distinguished groups have been identified by PCoA analyses. Antibacterial activities are related to high aromaticity content and highly-unsaturated molecular formulae (O-poor). Antifungal effect is correlated with highly-unsaturated molecular formulae (O-rich). Antioxidant activity is positively related to the presence of double bonds and polyphenols. This study evidenced for the first time antibacterial and antifungal activity in DOM with potential applications in cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical and aquaculture industry. The lack of cytotoxicity and the almost unlimited presence of this organic material may open new avenues in future marine bioprospecting efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa S Catalá
- Global Society Institute, Wälderhaus, Hamburg, Germany.
- Organization for Science, Education and Global Society gGmbH, Stuttgart, Germany.
- ICBM-MPI Bridging Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Linn G Speidel
- ICBM-MPI Bridging Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Geological Institute, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arlette Wenzel-Storjohann
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology, Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- ICBM-MPI Bridging Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology, Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106, Kiel, Germany
- Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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14
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Felgate SL, Craig AJ, Moodie LWK, Hawkes J. Characterization of a Newly Available Coastal Marine Dissolved Organic Matter Reference Material (TRM-0522). Anal Chem 2023; 95:6559-6567. [PMID: 37052954 PMCID: PMC10134136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent methodological advances have greatly increased our ability to characterize aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM) using high-resolution instrumentation, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (HRMS). Reliable DOM reference materials are required for further method development and data set alignment but do not currently exist for the marine environment. This presents a major limitation for marine biogeochemistry and related fields, including natural product discovery. To fill this resource gap, we have prepared a coastal marine DOM reference material (TRM-0522) from 45 m deep seawater obtained ∼1 km offshore of Sweden's west coast. Over 3000 molecular formulas were assigned by direct infusion HRMS, confirming sample diversity, and the distribution of formulas in van Krevelen space was typical for a marine sample, with the majority of formulas in the region H/C 1-1.5 and O/C 0.3-0.7. The extracted DOM pool was more nitrogen (N)- and sulfur (S)-rich than a typical terrestrial reference material (SRFA). MZmine3 processing of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-HRMS/MS data revealed 494 resolvable features (233 in negative mode; 261 in positive mode) over a wide range of retention times and masses. NMR data indicated low contributions from aromatic protons and, generally speaking, low lignin, humic, and fulvic substances associated with terrestrial samples. Instead, carboxylic-rich aliphatic molecules were the most abundant components, followed by carbohydrates and aliphatic functionalities. This is consistent with a very low specific UV absorbance SUVA254 value of 1.52 L mg C-1 m-1. When combined with comparisons with existing terrestrial reference materials (Suwannee River fulvic acid and Pony Lake fulvic acid), these results suggest that TRM-0522 is a useful and otherwise unavailable reference material for use in marine DOM biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Felgate
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Alexander J Craig
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
- Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Lindon W K Moodie
- Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Hawkes
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
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15
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Kida M, Merder J, Fujitake N, Tanabe Y, Hayashi K, Kudoh S, Dittmar T. Determinants of Microbial-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter Diversity in Antarctic Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5464-5473. [PMID: 36947486 PMCID: PMC10077579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Identifying drivers of the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is essential to understand the global carbon cycle, but an unambiguous interpretation of observed patterns is challenging due to the presence of confounding factors that affect the DOM composition. Here, we show, by combining ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, that the DOM molecular composition varies considerably among 43 lakes in East Antarctica that are isolated from terrestrial inputs and human influence. The DOM composition in these lakes is primarily driven by differences in the degree of photodegradation, sulfurization, and pH. Remarkable molecular beta-diversity of DOM was found that rivals the dissimilarity between DOM of rivers and the deep ocean, which was driven by environmental dissimilarity rather than the spatial distance. Our results emphasize that the extensive molecular diversity of DOM can arise even in one of the most pristine and organic matter source-limited environments on Earth, but at the same time the DOM composition is predictable by environmental variables and the lakes' ecological history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morimaru Kida
- Research
Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Institute
for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Soil
Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Julian Merder
- Department
of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution
for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nobuhide Fujitake
- Soil
Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tanabe
- National
Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information
and Systems, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
- Department
of Polar Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate
University for Advanced Studies), 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Institute
for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Sakae Kudoh
- National
Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information
and Systems, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
- Department
of Polar Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate
University for Advanced Studies), 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Research
Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Institute
for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Helmholtz
Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University
of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
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16
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Zhou Z, Fu QL, Fujii M, Waite TD. Complementary Elucidation of the Molecular Characteristics of Groundwater Dissolved Organic Matter Using Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Negative- and Positive-Ion Electrospray Ionization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4690-4700. [PMID: 36905367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The formula assignment of the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with positive-ion electrospray ionization [ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS] is challenging because of the extensive occurrence of adducts. However, there is a paucity of automated formula assignment methods for ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS spectra. The novel automated formula assignment algorithm for ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS spectra developed herein has been applied to elucidate the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater during air-induced ferrous [Fe(II)] oxidation. The ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS spectra of groundwater DOM were profoundly impacted by [M + Na]+ adducts and, to a lesser extent, [M + K]+ adducts. Oxygen-poor and N-containing compounds were frequently detected when the FT-ICR MS was operated in the ESI(+) mode, while the components with higher carbon oxidation states were preferentially ionized in the negative-ion electrospray ionization [ESI(-)] mode. Values for the difference between double-bond equivalents and the number of oxygen atoms from -13 to 13 are proposed for the formula assignment of the ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS spectra of aquatic DOM. Furthermore, for the first time, the Fe(II)-mediated formation of highly toxic organic iodine species was reported in groundwater rich in Fe(II), iodide, and DOM. The results of this study not only shed light on the further algorithm development for comprehensive characterization of DOM by ESI(-)-FT-ICR MS and ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS but also highlight the importance of appropriate treatment of specific groundwater prior to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Qing-Long Fu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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17
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Impact of high Fe-concentrations on microbial community structure and dissolved organics in hydrothermal plumes: an experimental study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20723. [PMID: 36456707 PMCID: PMC9715565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element for life. In the ocean, Fe can be exceptionally scarce and thus biolimiting or extremely enriched causing microbial stress. The ability of hydrothermal plume microbes to counteract unfavorable Fe-concentrations up to 10 mM is investigated through experiments. While Campylobacterota (Sulfurimonas) are prominent in a diverse community at low to intermediate Fe-concentrations, the highest 10 mM Fe-level is phylogenetically less diverse and dominated by the SUP05 clade (Gammaproteobacteria), a species known to be genetically well equipped to strive in high-Fe environments. In all incubations, Fe-binding ligands were produced in excess of the corresponding Fe-concentration level, possibly facilitating biological Fe-uptake in low-Fe incubations and detoxification in high-Fe incubations. The diversity of Fe-containing formulae among dissolved organics (SPE-DOM) decreased with increasing Fe-concentration, which may reflect toxic conditions of the high-Fe treatments. A DOM-derived degradation index (IDEG) points to a degradation magnitude (microbial activity) that decreases with Fe and/or selective Fe-DOM coagulation. Our results show that some hydrothermal microbes (especially Gammaproteobacteria) have the capacity to thrive even at unfavorably high Fe-concentrations. These ligand-producing microbes could hence play a key role in keeping Fe in solution, particularly in environments, where Fe precipitation dominates and toxic conditions prevail.
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18
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Qiu J, Lü F, Li T, Zhang H, He P. A Novel 4-Set Venn Diagram Model Based on High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry To Monitor Wastewater Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14753-14762. [PMID: 36166304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A 4-set Venn diagram model oriented to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data was developed to decipher the fate of dissolved organic matters (DOM) in three-stage continuous wastewater treatment processes. In total, 24 typical wastewater treatment modes conceptualized into a combination of three stages were generalized so that this model can be applied to all common types of actual wastewater treatment processes. As a result, eight kinds of native DOM and seven kinds of wastewater-produced (WW-produced) DOM separately represented by each proper subset of the 4-set Venn diagram could be identified so as to offer a molecular profile of DOM transformation. The 15 proper subsets of the 4-set Venn diagram could then explain how different wastewater treatment units work. Transformation rates of each DOM molecular formula can be estimated as a semiquantitative result. We further discussed the relationship between the transformation rates and proper subsets. As a proof of concept, the 4-set Venn diagram model was successfully applied in a complicated full-scale mature leachate treatment process with nine treatment units. This model can help to overcome the challenging task of data mining when applying HRMS and reduce the workload of data screening in the subsequent structural annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qiu
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tianqi Li
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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19
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Braga LPP, Orland C, Emilson EJS, Fitch AA, Osterholz H, Dittmar T, Basiliko N, Mykytczuk NCS, Tanentzap AJ. Viruses direct carbon cycling in lake sediments under global change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202261119. [PMID: 36206369 PMCID: PMC9564219 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202261119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global change is altering the vast amount of carbon cycled by microbes between land and freshwater, but how viruses mediate this process is poorly understood. Here, we show that viruses direct carbon cycling in lake sediments, and these impacts intensify with future changes in water clarity and terrestrial organic matter (tOM) inputs. Using experimental tOM gradients within sediments of a clear and a dark boreal lake, we identified 156 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), of which 21% strongly increased with abundances of key bacteria and archaea, identified via metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). MAGs included the most abundant prokaryotes, which were themselves associated with dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations. Increased abundances of virus-like particles were separately associated with reduced bacterial metabolism and with shifts in DOM toward amino sugars, likely released by cell lysis rather than higher molecular mass compounds accumulating from reduced tOM degradation. An additional 9.6% of vOTUs harbored auxiliary metabolic genes associated with DOM and GHGs. Taken together, these different effects on host dynamics and metabolism can explain why abundances of vOTUs rather than MAGs were better overall predictors of carbon cycling. Future increases in tOM quantity, but not quality, will change viral composition and function with consequences for DOM pools. Given their importance, viruses must now be explicitly considered in efforts to understand and predict the freshwater carbon cycle and its future under global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P. P. Braga
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Chloé Orland
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Erik J. S. Emilson
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia A. Fitch
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Osterholz
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment and Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment and Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nathan Basiliko
- Vale Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | | | - Andrew J. Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
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20
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Manna V, Zoccarato L, Banchi E, Arnosti C, Grossart H, Celussi M. Linking lifestyle and foraging strategies of marine bacteria: selfish behaviour of particle-attached bacteria in the northern Adriatic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:549-558. [PMID: 35362215 PMCID: PMC9546125 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbe-mediated enzymatic hydrolysis of organic matter entails the production of hydrolysate, the recovery of which may be more or less efficient. The selfish uptake mechanism, recently discovered, allows microbes to hydrolyze polysaccharides and take up large oligomers, which are then degraded in the periplasmic space. By minimizing the hydrolysate loss, selfish behaviour may be profitable for free-living cells dwelling in a patchy substrate landscape. However, selfish uptake seems to be tailored to algal-derived polysaccharides, abundant in organic particles, suggesting that particle-attached microbes may use this strategy. We tracked selfish polysaccharides uptake in surface microbial communities of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea, linking the occurrence of this processing mode with microbial lifestyle. Additionally, we set up fluorescently labelled polysaccharides incubations supplying phytodetritus to investigate a 'pioneer' scenario for particle-attached microbes. Under both conditions, selfish behaviour was almost exclusively carried out by particle-attached microbes, suggesting that this mechanism may represent an advantage in the race for particle exploitation. Our findings shed light on the selfish potential of particle-attached microbes, suggesting multifaceted foraging strategies exerted by particle colonizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Manna
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGSDepartment of OceanographyTriesteItaly
| | - Luca Zoccarato
- Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)Department of Experimental LimnologyZur alten Fischerhuette 2, D‐16775 StechlinGermany
| | - Elisa Banchi
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGSDepartment of OceanographyTriesteItaly
| | - Carol Arnosti
- University of North Carolina – Chapel HillDepartment of Earth, Marine, and Environmental SciencesChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Hans‐Peter Grossart
- Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)Department of Experimental LimnologyZur alten Fischerhuette 2, D‐16775 StechlinGermany
- Potsdam UniversityInstitute for Biochemistry and BiologyMaulbeeralle 2, D‐14469 PotsdamGermany
| | - Mauro Celussi
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGSDepartment of OceanographyTriesteItaly
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21
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Chen M, Wei D, Li L, Wang F, Du Y. Magnitude Filter Combined with Mass Filter: A Reliable Strategy to Improve the Reproducibility of ESI-FT-ICR-MS Analysis on the Fingerprint of Dissolved Organic Matter. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10643-10650. [PMID: 35830694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been used frequently to distinguish different environmental samples based on its abundant fingerprint information. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) is the most powerful technique to analyze the complex composition of DOM. Balancing between the reproducibility of peak magnitude and peak diversity is a key factor for achieving reliable and reproducible fingerprint information of DOM with FT-ICR-MS. In this paper, a novel magnitude filter (MGF) method and a novel MS-MGF strategy were proposed to improve the data reproducibility of FT-ICR-MS analysis. With the MS-MGF strategy, a 20% magnitude filter threshold (TMGF) was recommended to remove magnitude outliers, and a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold of 3.5 was recommended to retain those low but stable-magnitude peaks. The total relative magnitude was recommended since it could obtain better reproducibility of MS analysis compared to other types of peak magnitude. In addition, three replicates were enough to obtain satisfactory reproducibility. More importantly, the proposed MS-MGF strategy was also adaptable to different FT-ICR-MS instruments and different experimental conditions. Overall, the results are expected to initiate the promising applications of the MS-MGF strategy to distinguish the reliable fingerprint characteristics of DOM samples from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Li
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Feipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Heinrichs ME, Heyerhoff B, Arslan-Gatz BS, Seidel M, Niggemann J, Engelen B. Deciphering the Virus Signal Within the Marine Dissolved Organic Matter Pool. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:863686. [PMID: 35694303 PMCID: PMC9184803 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.863686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitously distributed in the marine environment, influencing microbial population dynamics and biogeochemical cycles on a large scale. Due to their small size, they fall into the oceanographic size-class definition of dissolved organic matter (DOM; <0.7 μm). The purpose of our study was to investigate if there is a detectable imprint of virus particles in natural DOM following standard sample preparation and molecular analysis routines using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Therefore, we tested if a molecular signature deriving from virus particles can be detected in the DOM fingerprint of a bacterial culture upon prophage induction and of seawater containing the natural microbial community. Interestingly, the virus-mediated lysate of the infected bacterial culture differed from the cell material of a physically disrupted control culture in its molecular composition. Overall, a small subset of DOM compounds correlated significantly with virus abundances in the bacterial culture setup, accounting for <1% of the detected molecular formulae and <2% of the total signal intensity of the DOM dataset. These were phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing compounds and they were partially also detected in DOM samples from other studies that included high virus abundances. While some of these formulae matched with typical biomolecules that are constituents of viruses, others matched with bacterial cell wall components. Thus, the identified DOM molecular formulae were probably not solely derived from virus particles but were partially also derived from processes such as the virus-mediated bacterial cell lysis. Our results indicate that a virus-derived DOM signature is part of the natural DOM and barely detectable within the analytical window of ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry when a high natural background is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara E. Heinrichs
- Benthic Microbiology Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Heyerhoff
- Benthic Microbiology Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Berin S. Arslan-Gatz
- Benthic Microbiology Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidel
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Niggemann
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bert Engelen
- Benthic Microbiology Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
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23
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Orsi WD, Vuillemin A, Coskun ÖK, Rodriguez P, Oertel Y, Niggemann J, Mohrholz V, Gomez-Saez GV. Carbon assimilating fungi from surface ocean to subseafloor revealed by coupled phylogenetic and stable isotope analysis. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:1245-1261. [PMID: 34893690 PMCID: PMC9038920 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are ubiquitous in the ocean and hypothesized to be important members of marine ecosystems, but their roles in the marine carbon cycle are poorly understood. Here, we use 13C DNA stable isotope probing coupled with phylogenetic analyses to investigate carbon assimilation within diverse communities of planktonic and benthic fungi in the Benguela Upwelling System (Namibia). Across the redox stratified water column and in the underlying sediments, assimilation of 13C-labeled carbon from diatom extracellular polymeric substances (13C-dEPS) by fungi correlated with the expression of fungal genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis of genes from 13C-labeled metagenomes revealed saprotrophic lineages related to the facultative yeast Malassezia were the main fungal foragers of pelagic dEPS. In contrast, fungi living in the underlying sulfidic sediments assimilated more 13C-labeled carbon from chemosynthetic bacteria compared to dEPS. This coincided with a unique seafloor fungal community and dissolved organic matter composition compared to the water column, and a 100-fold increased fungal abundance within the subseafloor sulfide-nitrate transition zone. The subseafloor fungi feeding on 13C-labeled chemolithoautotrophs under anoxic conditions were affiliated with Chytridiomycota and Mucoromycota that encode cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes, revealing polysaccharide and protein-degrading fungi that can anaerobically decompose chemosynthetic necromass. These subseafloor fungi, therefore, appear to be specialized in organic matter that is produced in the sediments. Our findings reveal that the phylogenetic diversity of fungi across redox stratified marine ecosystems translates into functionally relevant mechanisms helping to structure carbon flow from primary producers in marine microbiomes from the surface ocean to the subseafloor.
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24
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Shi Y, Zhang K. Determination of Aniline in Soil by ASE/GC-MS. Molecules 2022; 27:2092. [PMID: 35408491 PMCID: PMC9000536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a rapid and simple method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was established to determine the levels of aniline in soil. The matrix spike recovery rates of aniline were investigated by changing several experimental parameters such as vacuum freeze-drying, accelerated solvent extraction, sample transfer, nitrogen-blowing concentration and solvent exchange. Under optimized pretreatment conditions, the linearity of the method ranged from 0.5 to 20 μg mL-1 for aniline, and the correlation coefficient was 0.999. Recoveries of aniline from quartz sand and soil ranged from 76% to 98%, while the precision was excellent with average inter-day and intraday values ranging (n = 6) from 3.1% to 7.5% and 2.0% to 6.9%, respectively. The limits of quantification of the method were 0.04 mg kg-1. Notably, the results show that the method we developed is simple, fast, low cost and can meet the requirements for the determination of aniline in soil samples, sewage sludge, river and pond sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Shi
- Henan Provincial Coal Geological Survey and Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450052, China;
- Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Protection and Rehabilitation in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Henan Provincial Coal Geological Survey and Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450052, China;
- Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Protection and Rehabilitation in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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25
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Seidel M, Vemulapalli SPB, Mathieu D, Dittmar T. Marine Dissolved Organic Matter Shares Thousands of Molecular Formulae Yet Differs Structurally across Major Water Masses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3758-3769. [PMID: 35213127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Most oceanic dissolved organic matter (DOM) is still not fully molecularly characterized. We combined high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, FT-ICR-MS) for the structural and molecular formula-level characterization of solid-phase extracted (SPE) DOM from surface, mesopelagic, and bathypelagic Atlantic and Pacific Ocean samples. Using a MicroCryoProbe, unprecedented low amounts of SPE-DOM (∼1 mg carbon) were sufficient for two-dimensional NMR analysis. Low proportions of olefinic and aromatic relative to aliphatic and carboxylated structures (NMR) at the sea surface were likely related to photochemical transformations. This was consistent with lower molecular masses and higher degrees of saturation and oxygenation (FT-ICR-MS) compared to those of the deep sea. Carbohydrate structures in the mesopelagic North Pacific Ocean suggest export and release from sinking particles. In our sample set, the universal molecular DOM composition, as captured by FT-ICR-MS, appears to be structurally more diverse when analyzed by NMR, suggesting DOM variability across oceanic provinces to be more pronounced than previously assumed. As a proof of concept, our study takes advantage of new complementary approaches resolving thousands of structural and molecular DOM features while applying reasonable instrument times, allowing for the analysis of large oceanic data sets to increase our understanding of marine DOM biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seidel
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sahithya Phani Babu Vemulapalli
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Mathieu
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, NMR Applications, Bruker BioSpin GmbH, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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26
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Li L, Li Y, Fang Z, He C. Study on molecular structure characteristics of natural dissolved organic nitrogen by use of negative and positive ion mode electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152116. [PMID: 34871689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in aquatic systems is an important component of the global nitrogen cycle. However, the molecular structural information of DON in natural water is still unknown. In this study, the molecular structural characteristics of DON molecules in three natural waters were studied by using negative and positive ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI) Orbitrap mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation (CID). The DON compounds in these natural water samples could be selectively ionized by a positive ESI source with formic acid as the ionization promoter. A fraction of DON may exist as amphoteric substance. Then, possible chemical structures were assigned for some of these DON molecules by CID. Possible O-containing functional groups could be assigned as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl and methoxyl in negative/positive ESI tandem mass spectra, and neutral loss of NH3 corresponding to amino groups was observed for the first time in a positive ESI CID MSMS analysis, which demonstrated that a fraction of DON in natural water may exist as amino acid-like compounds. The results demonstrate that the positive/negative ESI CID Orbitrap MSMS method could provide valuable molecular structure information on DON in natural water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China; Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yunyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Zhi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
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27
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Selak L, Osterholz H, Stanković I, Hanžek N, Udovič MG, Dittmar T, Orlić S. Adaptations of microbial communities and dissolved organics to seasonal pressures in a mesotrophic coastal Mediterranean lake. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:2282-2298. [PMID: 35106913 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In lake ecosystems, changes in eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes and the concentration and availability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) produced within or supplied to the system by allochthonous sources are components that characterize complex processes in the microbial loop. We address seasonal changes of microbial communities and DOM in the largest Croatian lake, Vrana. This shallow lake is connected to the Adriatic Sea and is impacted by agricultural activity. Microbial community and DOM structure were driven by several environmental stressors, including drought, seawater intrusion, and heavy precipitation events. Bacterial composition of different lifestyles (free-living and particle-associated) differed and only a part of the particle-associated bacteria correlated with microbial eukaryotes. Oscillations of cyanobacterial relative abundance along with chlorophyll a revealed a high primary production season characterized by increased levels of autochthonous DOM that promoted bacterial processes of organic matter degradation. From our results, we infer that in coastal freshwater lakes dependent on precipitation-evaporation balance, prolonged dry season coupled with heavy irrigation impact microbial communities at different trophic levels even if salinity increases only slightly and allochthonous DOM inputs decrease. These pressures, if applied more frequently or at higher concentrations, could have the potential to overturn the trophic state of the lake. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Osterholz
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Igor Stanković
- Hrvatske vode, Central Water Management Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Hanžek
- Hrvatske vode, Central Water Management Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Gligora Udovič
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sandi Orlić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.,Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Split, Croatia
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28
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Lodeiro P, Rey-Castro C, David C, Puy J, Achterberg EP, Gledhill M. Seasonal Variations in Proton Binding Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter Isolated from the Southwest Baltic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16215-16223. [PMID: 34766769 PMCID: PMC8719755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly influence its interactions with inorganic species such as protons and trace elements in natural waters. We collected water samples at Boknis Eck, a time series station in the Baltic Sea with a low exposure to freshwater inputs, to investigate how seasonal fluctuations impact the proton binding properties of the isolated DOM. We used potentiometric titrations to assess the binding properties of solid-phase extracted DOM (SPE-DOM) over a seasonal cycle. We report and critically analyze the first NICA parameters estimates of carboxylic-like and phenolic-like sites for brackish water SPE-DOM. The total amount of functional groups (QmaxH,tot) showed no seasonal fluctuations and an average value of 136 ± 5.2 mmol·mol C-1. The average proton affinity (logKH) and binding site heterogeneity (m) showed a relatively minor variability for samples obtained between April and September, when the water remained stratified. These results contribute to a better understanding of the ion binding characteristics of DOM in natural brackish waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lodeiro
- GEOMAR
Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Lleida—AGROTECNIO-CERCA
Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Carlos Rey-Castro
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Lleida—AGROTECNIO-CERCA
Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Calin David
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Lleida—AGROTECNIO-CERCA
Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Jaume Puy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Lleida—AGROTECNIO-CERCA
Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Eric P. Achterberg
- GEOMAR
Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martha Gledhill
- GEOMAR
Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
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29
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Gros M, Catalán N, Mas-Pla J, Čelić M, Petrović M, Farré MJ. Groundwater antibiotic pollution and its relationship with dissolved organic matter: Identification and environmental implications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117927. [PMID: 34426209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of veterinary antibiotics and hydro-chemical parameters in eleven natural springs in a livestock production area is evaluated, jointly with the characterization of their DOM fingerprint by Orbitrap HRMS. Tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotics were ubiquitous in all sites, and they were detected at low ng L-1 concentrations, except for doxycycline, that was present at μg L-1 in one location. DOM analysis revealed that most molecular formulas were CHO compounds (49 %-68 %), with a remarkable percentage containing nitrogen and sulphur (16 %-23 % and 11 %-24 %, respectively). Major DOM components were phenolic and highly unsaturated compounds (~90 %), typical for soil-derived organic matter, while approximately 11 % were unsaturated aliphatic, suggesting that springs may be susceptible to anthropogenic contamination sources. Comparing the DOM fingerprint among sites, the spring showing the most different profile was the one with surface water interaction and characterized by having lower CHO and higher CHOS formulas and aliphatic compounds. Correlations between antibiotics and DOM showed that tetracyclines positively correlate with unsaturated oxygen-rich substances, while sulfonamides relate with aliphatic and unsaturated oxygen-poor compounds. This indicates that the fate of different antibiotics will be controlled by the type of DOM present in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Gros
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) & University of Girona (UdG), Spain.
| | - Núria Catalán
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l' Environnement, LSCE, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, 91191, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Josep Mas-Pla
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) & University of Girona (UdG), Spain; Grup de Recerca en Geologia Aplicada i Ambiental (GAiA-Geocamb), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona (UdG), Spain
| | - Mira Čelić
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) & University of Girona (UdG), Spain
| | - Mira Petrović
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) & University of Girona (UdG), Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria José Farré
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) & University of Girona (UdG), Spain
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30
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Marine dissolved organic matter: a vast and unexplored molecular space. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7225-7239. [PMID: 34536106 PMCID: PMC8494709 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) comprises a vast and unexplored molecular space. Most of it resided in the oceans for thousands of years. It is among the most diverse molecular mixtures known, consisting of millions of individual compounds. More than 1 Eg of this material exists on the planet. As such, it comprises a formidable source of natural products promising significant potential for new biotechnological purposes. Great emphasis has been placed on understanding the role of DOM in biogeochemical cycles and climate attenuation, its lifespan, interaction with microorganisms, as well as its molecular composition. Yet, probing DOM bioactivities is in its infancy, largely because it is technically challenging due to the chemical complexity of the material. It is of considerable interest to develop technologies capable to better discern DOM bioactivities. Modern screening technologies are opening new avenues allowing accelerated identification of bioactivities for small molecules from natural products. These methods diminish a priori the need for laborious chemical fractionation. We examine here the application of untargeted metabolomics and multiplexed high-throughput molecular-phenotypic screening techniques that are providing first insights on previously undetectable DOM bioactivities. Key points • Marine DOM is a vast, unexplored biotechnological resource. • Untargeted bioscreening approaches are emerging for natural product screening. • Perspectives for developing bioscreening platforms for marine DOM are discussed.
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31
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Gao SX, Zhang X, Fan WY, Sheng GP. Molecular insight into the variation of dissolved organic phosphorus in a wastewater treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117529. [PMID: 34388499 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To date, eutrophication becomes a great concern of vulnerable aquatic systems. Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) discharged from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) holds a large source of phosphorus in receiving water. However, due to the complexity of DOP, their variation and fate in WWTP remain unknown at the molecular level, and are always overlooked. Here, the variation of DOP in a WWTP was uncovered via Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Results show that 95% of DOP in the influent could be removed by the secondary biological treatment processes. The removed DOP species were mainly lipids with the molecular characteristics of low oxygen content, low unsaturation and low aromaticity. Meanwhile, during biological treatments, some new DOP species, especially lignin/carboxylic rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) that possessed high oxygen content, high unsaturation and high aromaticity, were produced and released into the secondary effluent. In the subsequent tertiary treatment, coagulation by aluminum salt tended to remove high molecular weight and high oxygen content DOP species in the secondary effluent, which was complementary to the biological treatment. However, the sand filter usually retained microorganisms, which would result in the generation of new DOP species in this process. During the final ultraviolet disinfection process, DOP was effectively mineralized to phosphate, especially the species with high molecular weight and highly unsaturated aromatic DOP species (e.g., lignin/CRAM and tannin), which had higher UV absorbance. The revealed variation of DOP in WWTP is beneficial to optimize the treatment processes to enhance the removal of DOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Wen-Yuan Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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32
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Hansell DA, Orellana MV. Dissolved Organic Matter in the Global Ocean: A Primer. Gels 2021; 7:gels7030128. [PMID: 34563014 PMCID: PMC8482078 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) holds ~660 billion metric tons of carbon, making it one of Earth’s major carbon reservoirs that is exchangeable with the atmosphere on annual to millennial time scales. The global ocean scale dynamics of the pool have become better illuminated over the past few decades, and those are very briefly described here. What is still far from understood is the dynamical control on this pool at the molecular level; in the case of this Special Issue, the role of microgels is poorly known. This manuscript provides the global context of a large pool of marine DOM upon which those missing insights can be built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A. Hansell
- Department of Ocean Sciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Mónica V. Orellana
- Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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33
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Investigation of the molecular structure complexity of dissolved organic matter by UPLC-orbitrap MS/MS. Talanta 2021; 230:122320. [PMID: 33934784 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The complex natural organic matter of the Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) standard was analyzed by online reversed-phase chromatography with Orbitrap MS/MS using collision-induced dissociation (CID). The number of isobars per nominal mass could be reduced to a single dominantly abundant species in a chromatographic run, sharing some ions with signals having the identical molecular formula in adjacent chromatographic segments and later serving as a precursor ion for fragmentation. A very large proportion of the same fragment ions existed in adjacent chromatographic fractions. The difference in the fragment ions in adjacent chromatographic fractions could be attributed to a gradual change in the formula composition of precursor ions in a chromatographic run. It could be concluded that dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecules with the same elemental composition in different chromatographic fractions may have very similar molecular structures. In addition, we propose a possible DOM model that might greatly deepen our understanding of the behavior of DOM in aquatic matrices.
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Gomez-Saez GV, Dittmar T, Holtappels M, Pohlabeln AM, Lichtschlag A, Schnetger B, Boetius A, Niggemann J. Sulfurization of dissolved organic matter in the anoxic water column of the Black Sea. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/25/eabf6199. [PMID: 34134989 PMCID: PMC8208715 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Today's oceans store as much dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the water column as there is CO2 in the atmosphere, and as such dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of the global carbon cycle. It was shown that in anoxic marine sediments, reduced sulfur species (e.g., H2S) abiotically react with organic matter, contributing to carbon preservation. It is not known whether such processes also contribute to preserving DOM in ocean waters. Here, we show DOM sulfurization within the sulfidic waters of the Black Sea, by combining elemental, isotopic, and molecular analyses. Dissolved organic sulfur (DOS) is formed largely in the water column and not derived from sediments or allochthonous nonmarine sources. Our findings suggest that during large-scale anoxic events, DOM may accumulate through abiotic reactions with reduced sulfur species, having long-lasting effects on global climate by enhancing organic carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo V Gomez-Saez
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Sciences (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Holtappels
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Sciences (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology (MPI), Bremen, Germany
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anika M Pohlabeln
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lichtschlag
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology (MPI), Bremen, Germany
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Bernhard Schnetger
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Antje Boetius
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Sciences (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology (MPI), Bremen, Germany
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jutta Niggemann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Sanchís J, Gernjak W, Munné A, Catalán N, Petrovic M, Farré MJ. Fate of N-nitrosodimethylamine and its precursors during a wastewater reuse trial in the Llobregat River (Spain). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124346. [PMID: 33160783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In summer 2019, a full-scale trial was carried out to investigate the effects in drinking water quality when tertiary treated wastewater was discharged into the Llobregat River upstream of the intake of one of the major drinking water treatment plants of Barcelona and its metropolitan area. Two scenarios were investigated, i.e. discharging the reclaimed water with and without chemical disinfection with chlorine. This study investigates the concentration of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as the specific disinfection conditions employed in this trial may favor its formation. To this aim, both NDMA and NDMA formation potential, were measured. The river contained NDMA at very low concentrations, but the concentration of NDMA precursors was already high. The NDMA concentration was reduced from discharge to the river to drinking water intake probably due to a combined effect of dilution and photolysis. The formation potential was also reduced probably due to dilution and biodegradation. The concentration of NDMA in the drinking water was always low (<7.3 ng/L), although the formation potential was above 10 ng/L in one sample. Dissolved organic matter characterization by high resolution mass spectrometry revealed differences between the nature of the organic matter in the river before and after reclaimed water discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Sanchís
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Gernjak
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Munné
- Catalan Water Agency, C/ Provença 204-208, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Catalán
- United States Geological Survey, Boulder, CO, USA; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria José Farré
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain.
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Yao X, Shi K, Jeppesen E, Yu Q, Zhu W. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter in inland waters: Present knowledge and future challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143550. [PMID: 33246724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle and energy flow of aquatic ecosystems. Thus, systematic and comprehensive understanding of CDOM dynamics is critically important for aquatic ecosystem management. CDOM spans multiple study fields, including analytical chemistry, biogeochemistry, water color remote sensing, and global environmental change. Here, we thoroughly summarize the progresses of recent studies focusing on the characterization, distribution, sources, composition, and fate of CDOM in inland waters. Characterization methods, remote sensing estimation, and biogeochemistry cycle processes were the hotspots of CDOM studies. Specifically, optical, isotope, and mass spectrometric techniques have been widely used to characterize CDOM abundance, composition, and sources. Remote sensing is an effective tool to map CDOM distribution with high temporal and spatial resolutions. CDOM dynamics are mainly determined by watershed-related processes, including rainfall discharge, groundwater, wastewater discharges/effluents, and biogeochemical cycling occurring in soil and water bodies. We highlight the underlying mechanisms of the photochemical degradation and microbial decomposition of CDOM, and emphasize that photochemical and microbial processes of CDOM in inland waters accelerate nutrient cycling and regeneration in the water column and also exacerbate global warming by releasing greenhouse gases. Future study directions to improve the understanding of CDOM dynamics in inland waters are proposed. This review provides an interdisciplinary view and new insights on CDOM dynamics in inland waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhou
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Liuqing Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaolong Yao
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kun Shi
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Geoscience, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Weining Zhu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China.
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Karmakar R. State of the art of bacterial chemotaxis. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:366-379. [PMID: 33687766 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial chemotaxis is a biased movement of bacteria toward the beneficial chemical gradient or away from a toxic chemical gradient. This movement is achieved by sensing a chemical gradient by chemoreceptors. In most of the chemotaxis studies, Escherichia coli has been used as a model organism. E. coli have about 4-6 flagella on their surfaces, and the motility is achieved by rotating the flagella. Each flagellum has reversible flagellar motors at its base, which rotate the flagella in counterclockwise and clockwise directions to achieve "run" and "tumble." The chemotaxis of bacteria is regulated by a network of interacting proteins. The sensory signal is processed and transmitted to the flagellar motor by cytoplasmic proteins. Bacterial chemotaxis plays an important role in many biological processes such as biofilm formation, quorum sensing, bacterial pathogenesis, and host infection. Bacterial chemotaxis can be applied for bioremediation, horizontal gene transfer, drug delivery, or maybe some other industry in near future. This review contains an overview of bacterial chemotaxis, recent findings of the physiological importance of bacterial chemotaxis in other biological processes, and the application of bacterial chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Karmakar
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Cho E, Solihat NN, Kim YH, Kim S. Comprehensive Lists of Internal Calibrants for Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Crude Oil and Natural Organic Matter and Their Preparation Recipes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:590-596. [PMID: 33426888 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, comprehensive lists of internal calibrants for accurate mass determination of molecules in crude oils, natural organic matter, and soil as well as their preparation recipes are presented. The lists include various sets of chemicals for positive- and negative-ion mode electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, atmospheric pressure photoionization, and laser desorption ionization. The chemicals were chosen based on their solvent compatibility, ionization efficiency, and accessibility. The sample preparation process was optimized for each ionization method and type of sample. The lists include detailed information on preparation solvent, concentrations, and mixing ratios of sample and calibrants. Internal calibration using the information in the lists results in successful calibration, and all the data presented in this study show root-mean-square errors between the theoretical and obtained m/z numbers of less than 0.4 ppm. The information presented in this study provides an important guideline for researchers working on complex mixtures with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Cho
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Rakruam P, Thuptimdang P, Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi S, Phungsai P. Molecular dissolved organic matter removal by cotton-based adsorbents and characterization using high-resolution mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142074. [PMID: 33254897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal by synthesized cotton-fiber adsorbents using unknown screening analysis with high resolution and accurate mass spectrometry. Molecular characteristics of DOM removed by adsorbents were investigated semiquantitatively and unknown disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation potentials were also investigated. Adsorbents were modified using ferric nitrate to increase the magnetic property. The XRD pattern showed Fe-containing crystalline structures in the modified adsorbent (M-CF). The M-CF possessed higher mesopore volume, which enhanced the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiency to 74.50% (compared to 32.12% in the unmodified CF adsorbent). The kinetics experiment showed that both adsorbents were better fitted to pseudo-second orders than pseudo-first orders. The initial rate constant was higher in M-CF (1.40 mg/g min) than in CF (0.02 mg/g min) treatments due to the higher mesopore volume in M-CF. M-CF removed almost 700 carbon‑hydrogen‑oxygen based DOMs (CHO features), 300 more CHO features than CF. CF selectively adsorbed only higher-molecular-weight (MW) CHO features (more CH2 groups), while the mesopores in M-CF removed DOM with lower MW (fewer CH2 groups) that were refractory to CF. The low MW DOM removed only by M-CF mesopore exhibited more oxidized (positive carbon oxidation state, Cos) and saturated characters (negative oxygen-subtracted double bond equivalent per carbon, (DBE-O)/C). After chlorination, over 50 unknown DBPs were detected, 33 of which were commonly found in all samples. M-CF decreased unknown formation potential more than CF. However, adsorption of M-CF and CF before chlorination resulted in different remaining precursors to water chlorination and formed unique DBPs from those precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pharkphum Rakruam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Research Program in Control of Hazardous Contaminants in Raw Water Resources for Water Scarcity Resilience, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pumis Thuptimdang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sumana Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Phanwatt Phungsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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40
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Prasert T, Ishii Y, Kurisu F, Musikavong C, Phungsai P. Characterization of lower Phong river dissolved organic matters and formations of unknown chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfection by-products by Orbitrap mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:128653. [PMID: 33131752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) have been reported as precursors of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and its molecular characteristics are rarely investigated due to its complexity. In this study, changes in the characteristics of DOM were investigated in the lower Phong River in Thailand in dry season and after the first rain in rainy season, using a non-targeted analysis with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The river was rich with CHO features dominated by lignin-like molecules, while lipid-like molecules increase after domestic wastewater discharges. Wastewater discharge released DOM with higher molecular weight (MW) that was less oxygenated (low O/C) and less oxidized (low carbon oxidation state [Cos]). A lake affected by anthropogenic activities contributed more oxidized DOM into the river, while surface runoff carried DOM that is more oxygenated (high O/C), less hydrogenated (low H/C), and more oxidized (high Cos) to the stream. Water treatment further modified DOM to be lower MW. Approximately three hundred Cl-containing features (CHOCl) detected upstream were also found downstream. Disinfection by chlorine (Cl2) or chlorine dioxide (ClO2) formed both CHO and CHOCl DBPs. Low chlorine dosage applied to upstream and downstream samples resulted in many common unknown DBPs while increasing chlorine dosage resulted in more unique DBPs. At the same dosage, Cl2 reacted with DOM more than ClO2, including more oxidized molecules that are refractory to ClO2. Both Cl2 and ClO2 produced chlorinated and non-chlorinated DBPs, and some DBPs were commonly found by both disinfections. Cl2-produced DBPs were more unsaturated (higher [DBE-O]/C) and oxidized (higher Cos) than ClO2-DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirawit Prasert
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Yoshihiro Ishii
- Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Futoshi Kurisu
- Research Center for Water Environment Technology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Charongpun Musikavong
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Phanwatt Phungsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Manna V, De Vittor C, Giani M, Del Negro P, Celussi M. Long-term patterns and drivers of microbial organic matter utilization in the northernmost basin of the Mediterranean Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 164:105245. [PMID: 33429217 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine heterotrophic prokaryotes degrade, transform, and utilize half of the organic matter (OM) produced by photosynthesis, either in dissolved or particulate form. Microbial metabolic rates are affected by a plethora of different factors, spanning from environmental variables to OM composition. To tease apart the environmental drivers underlying the observed organic matter utilization rates, we analysed a 21 year-long time series from the Gulf of Trieste (NE Adriatic Sea). Heterotrophic carbon production (HCP) time series analysis highlighted a long-term structure made up by three periods of coherent observations (1999-2007; 2008-2011; 2012-2019), shared also by OM concentration time series. Temporal patterns of HCP drivers, extracted with a random forest approach, demonstrated that a period of high salinity anomalies (2002-2008) was the main driver of this structure. The reduced river runoff and the consequent depletion of river-borne inorganic nutrients induced a long-term Chl a decline (2006-2009), followed by a steady increase until 2014. HCP driving features over the three periods substantially changed in their seasonal patterns, suggesting that the years following the draught period represented a transition between two long-term regimes. Overall, temperature and particulate organic carbon concentration were the main factors driving HCP rates. The emergence of these variables highlighted the strong control exerted by the temperature-substrate co-limitation on microbial growth. Further exploration revealed that HCP rates did not follow the Arrhenius' linear response to temperature between 2008 and 2011, demonstrating that microbial growth was substrate-limited following the draught event. By teasing apart the environmental drivers of microbial growth on a long-term perspective, we demonstrated that a substantial change happened in the biogeochemistry of one of the most productive areas of the Mediterranean Sea. As planktonic microbes are the foundation of marine ecosystems, understanding their past dynamics may help to explain present and future changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Manna
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy; University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Cinzia De Vittor
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Giani
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Del Negro
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Celussi
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
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Han L, Kaesler J, Peng C, Reemtsma T, Lechtenfeld OJ. Online Counter Gradient LC-FT-ICR-MS Enables Detection of Highly Polar Natural Organic Matter Fractions. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1740-1748. [PMID: 33370097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is a highly complex mixture of natural organic molecules. The recent developments in NOM molecular characterization methods have shown that ESI-FT-ICR hyphenated with liquid chromatography (LC) is a promising approach to also obtain chemical information (such as polarity and molecular size) about NOM molecules. However, due to changing solvent composition during gradient elution in LC-FT-ICR-MS, ionization conditions also change throughout the chromatographic separation process. In this study, we applied a post-LC column counter gradient (CG) to ensure stable solvent conditions for transient ESI-MS signals. Suwanee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) standard and a peat pore water were used as representative dissolved NOM samples for method development and validation. Our results show that in polar NOM fractions (which elute with <50% methanol) the TIC intensity and number of assigned molecular formulas were increased by 48% and 20%, as compared to the standard gradient (SG) method. Further application of a Q-isolation and selective ion accumulation for low abundance fractions revealed over 3 times more molecular formulas (especially for CHNO, CHOS, CHNOS formula classes) than in full scan mode. The number of detected highly polar NOM compounds (with elemental ratios H/C < 1, O/C > 0.6) were more than 20 times larger for CG-LC mode as compared to direct infusion (DI) (5715 vs 266 MF). We conclude that the application of a postcolumn counter gradient in LC-FT-ICR-MS analyses of NOM offers novel insight into the most polar fractions of NOM which are inaccessible in conventional DI measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Han
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Kaesler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chang Peng
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,ProVIS-Centre for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Shi W, Zhuang WE, Hur J, Yang L. Monitoring dissolved organic matter in wastewater and drinking water treatments using spectroscopic analysis and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116406. [PMID: 33010601 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in determining the quality of wastewater and the safety of drinking water. This is the first review to compare two types of popular DOM monitoring techniques, including absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) vs. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), for the applications in wastewater and drinking water treatments. The optical techniques provide a series of indices for tracking the quantity and quality of chromophoric and fluorescent DOM, while FT-ICR-MS is capable of identifying thousands of DOM compounds in wastewater and drinking water at the molecule level. Both types of monitoring techniques are increasingly used in studying DOM in wastewater and drinking water treatments. They provide valuable insights into the variability of DOM composition in wastewater and drinking water. The complexity and diversity of DOM highlight the challenges for effective water treatments. Different effects of various treatment processes on DOM are also assessed, which indicates that the information on DOM composition and its removal is key to optimize the treatment processes. Considering notable progress in advanced treatment processes and novel materials for removing DOM, it is important to continuously utilize these powerful monitoring tools for assessing the responses of different DOM constituents to a series of treatment processes, which can achieve an effective removal of DOM and the quality of treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Shi
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wan-E Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Liyang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Schum SK, Brown LE, Mazzoleni LR. MFAssignR: Molecular formula assignment software for ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry analysis of environmental complex mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110114. [PMID: 32866496 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry is widely used for nontargeted analysis of complex environmental and biological mixtures, such as dissolved organic matter, due to its unparalleled ability to provide accurate mass measurements. Accurate and efficient characterization of these mixtures is critical to being better able to evaluate their effect on human health and climate. This characterization requires accurate mass signals free from isobaric interferences, instrument noise, and mass measurement biases, allowing for molecular formula identification. To address this need, an open source post-processing pipeline for ultrahigh resolution mass spectra of environmental complex mixtures software was developed. MFAssignR contains functions that perform noise estimation, 13C and 34S polyisotopic mass filtering, mass measurement recalibration, and molecular formula assignment as part of a consistent data processing environment. Novel applications of mass defect analysis were used in the functions for noise estimation and isotope pair identification. Using formula extensions, exact mass measurements are converted to unambiguous molecular formulas via data dependent pathways, reducing a priori decisions. Optional molecular formula ambiguity and multiple non-oxygen heteroatoms are provided for custom user applications, including isotopically labeled reactive species, halogen-containing species, or tandem ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. This represents uncommon flexibility for an open-source software package. To evaluate the performance of MFAssignR, it was used to characterize a sample of biomass burning influenced organic aerosol and the results were compared to those from other available methods of molecular formula assignment and noise estimation. The differences between the methods are described here. Overall, the inclusion of a full pipeline of data preparation functions and the data-dependent ambiguity reductions in MFAssignR render excellent results and make MFAssignR well-suited for the consistent and efficient analysis of environmental complex mixtures. MFAssignR is publicly available via GitHub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon K Schum
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400, Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI, USA; Chemical Advanced Resolution Methods Laboratory, Michigan Technological University, 1400, Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI, USA.
| | - Laura E Brown
- Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400, Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Lynn R Mazzoleni
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400, Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI, USA; Chemical Advanced Resolution Methods Laboratory, Michigan Technological University, 1400, Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI, USA.
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Thompson CJ, Witt M, Forcisi S, Moritz F, Kessler N, Laukien FH, Schmitt-Kopplin P. An Enhanced Isotopic Fine Structure Method for Exact Mass Analysis in Discovery Metabolomics: FIA-CASI-FTMS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2025-2034. [PMID: 32857936 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A major bottleneck in metabolomics is the annotation of a molecular formula as a first step to a tentative structure assignment of known and unknown metabolites. The direct observation of an isotopic fine structure (IFS) provides the ability to confidently assign an unknown's molecular formula out of a complex mass spectrum. However, the majority of mass spectrometers deployed for metabolomic studies do not have sufficient resolving power and high-fidelity isotope ratios in the mass range of interest to determine molecular formulas from IFS data. To increase the number of unknowns for which IFS can be determined, a segmented "boxcar" approach using a selection quadrupole as a broadband mass filter is used. In this longer, enhanced dynamic range discovery experiment, selected ions in a specific mass range are accumulated before detection by the analyzer cell. The mass filter window is then moved across the entire mass range resulting in a composite mass spectrum covering the m/z range of interest for phenomics research. The effectiveness of the FIA-CASI-FTMS workflow utilizing IFS for molecular formula assignment is realized with the implementation of the dynamically harmonized cell, which distinguishes the approach from other segmented workflows because of the analytical properties of the cell. The discovery approach was applied to a human plasma sample to confidently assign an unknown molecular formula as part of the quest to illuminate its metabolic "dark matter" via high-fidelity IFS ratio determinations. The FIA-CASI-FTMS workflow showed a 2.6-fold increase in both matching with the Human Metabolome Database and an increase in the IFS pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Forcisi
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Munich 85764, Germany
| | - Franco Moritz
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Munich 85764, Germany
| | | | - Frank H Laukien
- Bruker Daltonics Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
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Impact of Viral Lysis on the Composition of Bacterial Communities and Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep-Sea Sediments. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090922. [PMID: 32842650 PMCID: PMC7552059 DOI: 10.3390/v12090922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral lysis is a main mortality factor for bacteria in deep-sea sediments, leading to changing microbial community structures and the release of cellular components to the environment. Nature and fate of these compounds and the role of viruses for microbial diversity is largely unknown. We investigated the effect of viruses on the composition of bacterial communities and the pool of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by setting up virus-induction experiments using mitomycin C with sediments from the seafloor of the Bering Sea. At the sediment surface, no substantial prophage induction was detected, while incubations from 20 cm below seafloor showed a doubling of the virus-to-cell ratio. Ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry revealed an imprint of cell lysis on the molecular composition of DOM, showing an increase of molecular formulas typical for common biomolecules. More than 50% of these compounds were removed or transformed during incubation. The remaining material potentially contributed to the pool of refractory DOM. Next generation sequencing of the bacterial communities from the induction experiment showed a stable composition over time. In contrast, in the non-treated controls the abundance of dominant taxa (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria) increased at the expense of less abundant phyla. Thus, we conclude that viral lysis was an important driver in sustaining bacterial diversity, consistent with the "killing the winner" model.
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Hach PF, Marchant HK, Krupke A, Riedel T, Meier DV, Lavik G, Holtappels M, Dittmar T, Kuypers MMM. Rapid microbial diversification of dissolved organic matter in oceanic surface waters leads to carbon sequestration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13025. [PMID: 32747679 PMCID: PMC7400608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pool of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the deep ocean represents one of the largest carbon sinks on the planet. In recent years, studies have shown that most of this pool is recalcitrant, because individual compounds are present at low concentrations and because certain compounds seem resistant to microbial degradation. The formation of the diverse and recalcitrant deep ocean DOM pool has been attributed to repeated and successive processing of DOM by microorganisms over time scales of weeks to years. Little is known however, about the transformation and cycling that labile DOM undergoes in the first hours upon its release from phytoplankton. Here we provide direct experimental evidence showing that within hours of labile DOM release, its breakdown and recombination with ambient DOM leads to the formation of a diverse array of new molecules in oligotrophic North Atlantic surface waters. Furthermore, our results reveal a preferential breakdown of N and P containing molecules versus those containing only carbon. Hence, we show the preferential breakdown and molecular diversification are the crucial first steps in the eventual formation of carbon rich DOM that is resistant to microbial remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp F Hach
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hannah K Marchant
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Krupke
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Riedel
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstr. 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Dimitri V Meier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 UZA I, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaute Lavik
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Moritz Holtappels
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), at the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marcel M M Kuypers
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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Merder J, Freund JA, Feudel U, Hansen CT, Hawkes JA, Jacob B, Klaproth K, Niggemann J, Noriega-Ortega BE, Osterholz H, Rossel PE, Seidel M, Singer G, Stubbins A, Waska H, Dittmar T. ICBM-OCEAN: Processing Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data of Complex Molecular Mixtures. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6832-6838. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Merder
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jan A. Freund
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Feudel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christian T. Hansen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Hawkes
- Department of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (D5), 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Jacob
- Helmholtz-Centre Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Katrin Klaproth
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Niggemann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Beatriz E. Noriega-Ortega
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Osterholz
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende, Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Pamela E. Rossel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Singer
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aron Stubbins
- Departments of Marine and Environmental Science, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 102 HT, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hannelore Waska
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Kruve A. Strategies for Drawing Quantitative Conclusions from Nontargeted Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4691-4699. [PMID: 32134258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This Feature aims at giving an overview of different possibilities for quantitatively comparing the results obtained from LC-HRMS-based nontargeted analysis. More specifically, quantification via structurally similar internal standards, different isotope labeling strategies, radiolabeling, and predicted ionization efficiencies are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Kruve
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia.,Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Roebuck JA, Seidel M, Dittmar T, Jaffé R. Controls of Land Use and the River Continuum Concept on Dissolved Organic Matter Composition in an Anthropogenically Disturbed Subtropical Watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:195-206. [PMID: 31742395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
About 250 Tg of dissolved organic carbon are annually transported from inland waters to coastal systems making rivers a critical link between terrestrial and ocean carbon pools. During transport through fluvial systems, various biogeochemical processes selectively remove or transform labile material, effectively altering the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) exported to the ocean. The river continuum concept (RCC) has been historically used as a model to predict the fate and quality of organic matter along a river continuum. However, the conversion of natural landscapes for urban and agricultural practices can also alter the sources and quality of DOM exported from fluvial systems, and the RCC may be significantly limited in predicting DOM quality in anthropogenically impacted watersheds. Here, we studied DOM dynamics in the Altamaha River watershed in Georgia, USA, a fluvial system where headwater streams are highly impacted by anthropogenic activities. The primary goal of this study was to quantitatively assess the importance of both the RCC and land use as environmental drivers controlling DOM composition. Land use was a stronger predictor of spatial variation (∼50%) in DOM composition defined by both excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. This is compared to an 8% explained variability that can be attributed to the RCC. This study highlights the importance of incorporating land use among other controls into the RCC to better predict the fate and quality of DOM exported from terrestrial to coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Alan Roebuck
- Southeast Environmental Research Center and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Michael Seidel
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Diversity, University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Jaffé
- Southeast Environmental Research Center and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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