1
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Bandu R, Oh JW, Kim KP. Extracellular vesicle proteins as breast cancer biomarkers: Mass spectrometry-based analysis. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300062. [PMID: 38829178 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-surrounded vesicles released by various cell types into the extracellular microenvironment. Although EVs vary in size, biological function, and components, their importance in cancer progression and the potential use of EV molecular species to serve as novel cancer biomarkers have become increasingly evident. Cancer cells actively release EVs into surrounding tissues, which play vital roles in cancer progression and metastasis, including invasion and immune modulation. EVs released by cancer cells are usually chosen as a gateway in the search for biomarkers for cancer. In this review, we mainly focused on molecular profiling of EV protein constituents from breast cancer, emphasizing mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic approaches. To further investigate the potential use of EVs as a source of breast cancer biomarkers, we have discussed the use of these proteins as predictive marker candidates. Besides, we have also summarized the key characteristics of EVs as potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer and provided significant information on their implications in breast cancer development and progression. Information provided in this review may help understand the recent progress in understanding EV biology and their potential role as new noninvasive biomarkers as well as emerging therapeutic opportunities and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bandu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jae Won Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Mobarak H, Javid F, Narmi MT, Mardi N, Sadeghsoltani F, Khanicheragh P, Narimani S, Mahdipour M, Sokullu E, Valioglu F, Rahbarghazi R. Prokaryotic microvesicles Ortholog of eukaryotic extracellular vesicles in biomedical fields. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:80. [PMID: 38291458 PMCID: PMC10826215 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Every single cell can communicate with other cells in a paracrine manner via the production of nano-sized extracellular vesicles. This phenomenon is conserved between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, exosomes (Exos) are the main inter-cellular bioshuttles with the potential to carry different signaling molecules. Likewise, bacteria can produce and release Exo-like particles, namely microvesicles (MVs) into the extracellular matrix. Bacterial MVs function with diverse biological properties and are at the center of attention due to their inherent therapeutic properties. Here, in this review article, the comparable biological properties between the eukaryotic Exos and bacterial MVs were highlighted in terms of biomedical application. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimeh Mobarak
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzin Javid
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghavi Narmi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Mardi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Khanicheragh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Narimani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Biophysics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferzane Valioglu
- Technology Development Zones Management CO, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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3
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Murillo Carrasco AG, Otake AH, Macedo-da-Silva J, Feijoli Santiago V, Palmisano G, Andrade LNDS, Chammas R. Deciphering the Functional Status of Breast Cancers through the Analysis of Their Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13022. [PMID: 37629204 PMCID: PMC10455604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) accounts for the highest incidence of tumor-related mortality among women worldwide, justifying the growing search for molecular tools for the early diagnosis and follow-up of BC patients under treatment. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanocompartments produced by all human cells, including tumor cells. Since minimally invasive methods collect EVs, which represent reservoirs of signals for cell communication, these particles have attracted the interest of many researchers aiming to improve BC screening and treatment. Here, we analyzed the cargoes of BC-derived EVs, both proteins and nucleic acids, which yielded a comprehensive list of potential markers divided into four distinct categories, namely, (i) modulation of aggressiveness and growth; (ii) preparation of the pre-metastatic niche; (iii) epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; and (iv) drug resistance phenotype, further classified according to their specificity and sensitivity as vesicular BC biomarkers. We discuss the therapeutic potential of and barriers to the clinical implementation of EV-based tests, including the heterogeneity of EVs and the available technologies for analyzing their content, to present a consistent, reproducible, and affordable set of markers for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Germán Murillo Carrasco
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Andreia Hanada Otake
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Janaina Macedo-da-Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.M.-d.-S.); (V.F.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Veronica Feijoli Santiago
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.M.-d.-S.); (V.F.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.M.-d.-S.); (V.F.S.); (G.P.)
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
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4
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Li C, Guo Z, Pu S, Zhou C, Cheng X, Zhao R, Jia N. Molybdenum Disulfide-Integrated Iron Organic Framework Hybrid Nanozyme-Based Aptasensor for Colorimetric Detection of Exosomes. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:800. [PMID: 37622886 PMCID: PMC10452346 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes are considered as a potential marker in liquid biopsy for malignant tumor screening. The development of a sensitive, specific, rapid, and cost-effective detection strategy for tumor-derived exosomes is still a challenge. Herein, a visualized and easy detection method for exosomes was established based on a molybdenum disulfide nanoflower decorated iron organic framework (MoS2-MIL-101(Fe)) hybrid nanozyme-based CD63 aptamer sensor. The CD63 aptamer, which can specifically recognize and capture tumor-derived exosomes, enhanced the peroxidase activity of the hybrid nanozyme and helped to catalyze the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-H2O2 system to generate a stronger colorimetric signal, with its surface modification on the hybrid nanozyme. With the existence of exosomes, CD63 aptamer recognized and adsorbed them on the surface of the nanozyme, which rescued the enhanced peroxidase activity of the aptamer-modified nanozyme, resulting in a deep-to-moderate color change in the TMB-H2O2 system where the change is visible and can be monitored with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. In the context of optimal circumstances, the linear range of this exosome detection method is measured to be 1.6 × 104 to 1.6 × 106 particles/μL with a limit of detection as 3.37 × 103 particles/μL. Generally, a simple and accessible approach to exosome detection is constructed, and a nanozyme-based colorimetric aptamer sensor is proposed, which sheds light on novel oncological biomarker measurements in the field of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zichao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sisi Pu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chaohui Zhou
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Nengqin Jia
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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5
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Shahraki K, Boroumand PG, Lotfi H, Radnia F, Shahriari H, Sargazi S, Mortazavi SS, Shirvaliloo M, Shirvalilou S, Sheervalilou R. An update in the applications of exosomes in cancer theranostics: from research to clinical trials. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:8087-8116. [PMID: 37010586 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles secreted by nearly all viable cells following the fusing of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane and discharged into the encircling bodily fluids. Exosomes can transport cell-specific components from the source cell to the target cell. Given the enormous potential of exosomes as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic nanovehicles. Lately, accumulated evidence has demonstrated that exosomes serve an important role in prognosis, diagnosis, and even treatment strategies. While several reviews have collective information on the biomedical application of exosomes, a comprehensive review incorporating updated and improved methodologies for beneficial applications of such vesicles in cancer theranostics is indispensable. In the current review, we first provided a comprehensive review of the introduction of exosomes, featuring their discovery, separation, characterization, function, biogenesis, secretion. The implications of exosomes as promising nanovehicles for drug and gene delivery, application of exosome inhibitors in the management of cancers, completed and ongoing clinical trials on the biological relevance of exosomes are then discussed in detail. As the field of exosome research grows, a better understanding of the subcellular parts and mechanisms involved in exosome secretion and targeting of specific cells will help figure out what their exact physiological functions are in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Shahraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Paria Ghasemi Boroumand
- ENT-Head and Neck Surgery Research Center and Department, Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Radnia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahriari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Future Science Group, Unitec House, 2 Albert Place, London, N3 1QB, UK
| | - Sakine Shirvalilou
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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6
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Soleymani T, Chen TY, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Dogra N. The human neurosecretome: extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) of the brain for intercellular communication, therapy, and liquid-biopsy applications. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1156821. [PMID: 37266331 PMCID: PMC10229797 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1156821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that brain derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) can cross blood-brain barrier and mediate communication among neurons, astrocytes, microglial, and other cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Yet, a complete understanding of the molecular landscape and function of circulating EVs & EPs (EVPs) remain a major gap in knowledge. This is mainly due to the lack of technologies to isolate and separate all EVPs of heterogeneous dimensions and low buoyant density. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the neurosecretome, including the extracellular vesicles that carry the molecular signature of the brain in both its microenvironment and the systemic circulation. We discuss the biogenesis of EVPs, their function, cell-to-cell communication, past and emerging isolation technologies, therapeutics, and liquid-biopsy applications. It is important to highlight that the landscape of EVPs is in a constant state of evolution; hence, we not only discuss the past literature and current landscape of the EVPs, but we also speculate as to how novel EVPs may contribute to the etiology of addiction, depression, psychiatric, neurodegenerative diseases, and aid in the real time monitoring of the "living brain". Overall, the neurosecretome is a concept we introduce here to embody the compendium of circulating particles of the brain for their function and disease pathogenesis. Finally, for the purpose of inclusion of all extracellular particles, we have used the term EVPs as defined by the International Society of Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taliah Soleymani
- Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tzu-Yi Chen
- Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova
- Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Navneet Dogra
- Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Unpacking the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:146-159. [PMID: 35524026 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Inflammation and microvascular dysfunction have been associated with brain injury and long-term disability after both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Recent studies have suggested a potential role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a link underlying these pathogenic processes. EVs are cell-derived particles enveloped by a lipid bilayer, containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. From a functional standpoint, EVs can facilitate intercellular communication, including across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recent advances in EV research have shown a preferential release of EVs from specific cell types in the context of stroke, some of which were associated with increased neuroinflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and neuronal cytotoxicity while others offered a degree of neuroprotection. However, one historic challenge in the studies of EVs in stroke is the lack of consistent definitions and methods to analyze EVs, only recently updated in the MISEV2018 guidelines. Given limitations and complexity in the treatment of stroke, particularly delivery of therapeutics across the BBB, increasing attention has been paid towards manipulating EVs as one vehicle that can permit targeted therapeutic delivery to the central nervous system. These discoveries point towards a future where a better understanding of EVs will advance our knowledge of stroke-associated mechanisms of cerebral and systemic injury and contribute to the development of novel treatments. Here, we review the role that EVs play in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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8
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Jalaludin I, Lubman DM, Kim J. A guide to mass spectrometric analysis of extracellular vesicle proteins for biomarker discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:844-872. [PMID: 34747512 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (small extracellular vesicles) in living organisms play an important role in processes such as cell proliferation or intercellular communication. Recently, exosomes have been extensively investigated for biomarker discoveries for various diseases. An important aspect of exosome analysis involves the development of enrichment methods that have been introduced for successful isolation of exosomes. These methods include ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, polyethylene glycol-based precipitation, immunoaffinity-based enrichment, ultrafiltration, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation among others. To confirm the presence of exosomes, various characterization methods have been utilized such as Western blot analysis, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, optical methods, zeta potential, visual inspection, and mass spectrometry. Recent advances in high-resolution separations, high-performance mass spectrometry and comprehensive proteome databases have all contributed to the successful analysis of exosomes from patient samples. Herein we review various exosome enrichment methods, characterization methods, and recent trends of exosome investigations using mass spectrometry-based approaches for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Jalaludin
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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9
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Lee Y, Ni J, Beretov J, Wasinger VC, Graham P, Li Y. Recent advances of small extracellular vesicle biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:33. [PMID: 36797736 PMCID: PMC9933347 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current clinical tools for breast cancer (BC) diagnosis are insufficient but liquid biopsy of different bodily fluids has recently emerged as a minimally invasive strategy that provides a real-time snapshot of tumour biomarkers for early diagnosis, active surveillance of progression, and post-treatment recurrence. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membranous structures 50-1000 nm in diameter that are released by cells into biological fluids. EVs contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids which play pivotal roles in tumourigenesis and metastasis through cell-to-cell communication. Proteins and miRNAs from small EVs (sEV), which range in size from 50-150 nm, are being investigated as a potential source for novel BC biomarkers using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and next-generation sequencing. This review covers recent developments in sEV isolation and single sEV analysis technologies and summarises the sEV protein and miRNA biomarkers identified for BC diagnosis, prognosis, and chemoresistance. The limitations of current sEV biomarker research are discussed along with future perspective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Jie Ni
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Julia Beretov
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Valerie C. Wasinger
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Yong Li
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
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10
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Suri K, D'Souza A, Huang D, Bhavsar A, Amiji M. Bacterial extracellular vesicle applications in cancer immunotherapy. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:551-566. [PMID: 36382022 PMCID: PMC9637733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is undergoing a paradigm shift toward immunotherapy focusing on various approaches to activate the host immune system. As research to identify appropriate immune cells and activate anti-tumor immunity continues to expand, scientists are looking at microbial sources given their inherent ability to elicit an immune response. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are actively studied to control systemic humoral and cellular immune responses instead of using whole microorganisms or other types of extracellular vesicles (EVs). BEVs also provide the opportunity as versatile drug delivery carriers. Unlike mammalian EVs, BEVs have already made it to the clinic with the meningococcal vaccine (Bexsero®). However, there are still many unanswered questions in the use of BEVs, especially for chronic systemically administered immunotherapies. In this review, we address the opportunities and challenges in the use of BEVs for cancer immunotherapy and provide an outlook towards development of BEV products that can ultimately translate to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Suri
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anisha D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 20115, USA
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 20115, USA
| | - Aashray Bhavsar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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11
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Proteomics-Based Identification of Dysregulated Proteins in Breast Cancer. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10040035. [PMID: 36278695 PMCID: PMC9590004 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is still widely used as a morphology-based assay for in situ analysis of target proteins as specific tumor antigens. However, as a very heterogeneous collection of neoplastic diseases, breast cancer (BC) requires an accurate identification and characterization of larger panels of candidate biomarkers, beyond ER, PR, and HER2 proteins, for diagnosis and personalized treatment, without the limited availability of antibodies that are required to identify specific proteins. Top-down, middle-down, and bottom-up mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics approaches complement traditional histopathological tissue analysis to examine expression, modification, and interaction of hundreds to thousands of proteins simultaneously. In this review, we discuss the proteomics-based identification of dysregulated proteins in BC that are essential for the following issues: discovery and validation of new biomarkers by analysis of solid and liquid/non-invasive biopsies, cell lines, organoids and xenograft models; identification of panels of biomarkers for early detection and accurate discrimination between cancer, benign and normal tissues; identification of subtype-specific and stage-specific protein expression profiles in BC grading and measurement of disease progression; characterization of new subtypes of BC; characterization and quantitation of post-translational modifications (PTMs) and aberrant protein-protein interactions (PPI) involved in tumor development; characterization of the global remodeling of BC tissue homeostasis, diagnosis and prognostic information; and deciphering of molecular functions, biological processes and mechanisms through which the dysregulated proteins cause tumor initiation, invasion, and treatment resistance.
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Long J, Wang F, Zha G, Che K, Luo J, Deng Z. Colorimetric Aptasensor Based on Fe₃O₄-Cu 2+ Nanozyme with Intrinsic Peroxidase-Like Activity in the Detection of Breast Cancer Exosomes. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:1084-1096. [PMID: 35854455 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Because breast cancer cells such as MCF-7, exhibit vital and developmental signs by exosome secretion, diagnosing them in the blood can provide a good index of the presence of breast cancer. However, accurate and inexpensive detection of exosomes in clinical practice faces challenges. Therefore, in the presents study, an aptasensor based on CD63 aptameriron oxide-copper ion nanozymes (Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs) was designed with the ability of the CD63 aptamer to interact with the exosome and the release of the Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs for peroxidase-like activity on the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). After fabrication of CD63 aptamer-Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs based on hydrothermal method, their physicochemical properties were investigated with the SEM, TEM, DLS, Zeta, XRD and magnetization. To investigate the interaction of CD63 aptamer-Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs with exosomes, the required exosomes were extracted from cultured MCF-7 cells. The performance of CD63 aptamer-Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs on TMB degradation in the presence and absence of exosomes was investigated through UV-vis adsorption and ocular observations based on colour changes on laboratory and real samples. The results show that the absence of exosomes significantly inhibited the peroxidase-like activity of CD63 aptamer-Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs due to the aptamer coating. Under optimal conditions, the designed CD63 aptamer-Fe₃O₄-Cu2+-NZs is capable of detecting exosomes in the range of 1.4 × 10⁴-5.6 × 105 particles/μL with a detection limit of 5.91 × 10³ particles/μL. Also, this method showed a satisfactory outcome in detection of cancer cells in real samples. Overall, this colorimetric aptasensor can be used to diagnose breast cancer cells based on a simple and inexpensive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Long
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 344000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 344000, China
| | - Guohua Zha
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 344000, China
| | - Kaijun Che
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 344000, China
| | - Jingfang Luo
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 344000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Deng
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 344000, China
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13
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Chen J, Li P, Zhang T, Xu Z, Huang X, Wang R, Du L. Review on Strategies and Technologies for Exosome Isolation and Purification. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:811971. [PMID: 35071216 PMCID: PMC8766409 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.811971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a nano-sized subtype of extracellular vesicles secreted from almost all living cells, are capable of transferring cell-specific constituents of the source cell to the recipient cell. Cumulative evidence has revealed exosomes play an irreplaceable role in prognostic, diagnostic, and even therapeutic aspects. A method that can efficiently provide intact and pure exosomes samples is the first step to both exosome-based liquid biopsies and therapeutics. Unfortunately, common exosomal separation techniques suffer from operation complexity, time consumption, large sample volumes and low purity, posing significant challenges for exosomal downstream analysis. Efficient, simple, and affordable methods to isolate exosomes are crucial to carrying out relevant researches. In the last decade, emerging technologies, especially microfluidic chips, have proposed superior strategies for exosome isolation and exhibited fascinating performances. While many excellent reviews have overviewed various methods, a compressive review including updated/improved methods for exosomal isolation is indispensable. Herein, we first overview exosomal properties, biogenesis, contents, and functions. Then, we briefly outline the conventional technologies and discuss the challenges of clinical applications of these technologies. Finally, we review emerging exosomal isolation strategies and large-scale GMP production of engineered exosomes to open up future perspectives of next-generation Exo-devices for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaci Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Taiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Han Z, Yi J, Yang Y, Li D, Peng C, Long S, Peng X, Shen Y, Liu B, Qiao L. SERS and MALDI-TOF MS based plasma exosome profiling for rapid detection of osteosarcoma. Analyst 2021; 146:6496-6505. [PMID: 34569564 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01163d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone cancer, particularly among children and adolescents. The early diagnosis of osteosarcoma is significant for timely clinical treatment to reduce the mortality of patients. Exosomes play a significant role in intercellular communication and serve as promising biomarkers in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis and monitoring of tumors. Herein, we report the utility of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for rapid identification of osteosarcoma. We firstly profiled the intrinsic SERS signals and MALDI-TOF mass fingerprints of different subgroups of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the corresponding cells, demonstrating that the SERS signals and MALDI-TOF mass spectra of exosomes from different types of cells were more discriminative compared to those of large and medium EVs and the cells themselves. Then, we characterized plasma-derived exosomes of 15 osteosarcoma patients and 15 healthy volunteers using SERS and MALDI-TOF MS, revealing distinctive biochemical differences in the spectra. We further utilized a data fusion approach to combine the two types of spectroscopic techniques, differentiating osteosarcoma patients from healthy controls with higher precision than either technique. The results reveal that the non-invasive liquid biopsy method using SERS and MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting of exosomes has great potential for rapid diagnosis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Han
- Department of Chemistry, and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Jia Yi
- Department of Chemistry, and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Chemistry, and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shuping Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Yuhui Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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Miles HN, Delafield DG, Li L. Recent Developments and Applications of Quantitative Proteomics Strategies for High-Throughput Biomolecular Analyses in Cancer Research. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 4:1050-1072. [PMID: 34430874 PMCID: PMC8341969 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovations in medical technology and dedicated focus from the scientific community have inspired numerous treatment strategies for benign and invasive cancers. While these improvements often lend themselves to more positive prognoses and greater patient longevity, means for early detection and severity stratification have failed to keep pace. Detection and validation of cancer-specific biomarkers hinges on the ability to identify subtype-specific phenotypic and proteomic alterations and the systematic screening of diverse patient groups. For this reason, clinical and scientific research settings rely on high throughput and high sensitivity mass spectrometry methods to discover and quantify unique molecular perturbations in cancer patients. Discussed within is an overview of quantitative proteomics strategies and a summary of recent applications that enable revealing potential biomarkers and treatment targets in prostate, ovarian, breast, and pancreatic cancer in a high throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N. Miles
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison777 Highland AvenueMadisonWI53705-2222USA+1-608-262-5345+1-608-265-8491
| | | | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison777 Highland AvenueMadisonWI53705-2222USA+1-608-262-5345+1-608-265-8491
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
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16
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Defining candidate mRNA and protein EV biomarkers to discriminate ccRCC and pRCC from non-malignant renal cells in vitro. Med Oncol 2021; 38:105. [PMID: 34331598 PMCID: PMC8325656 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for over 400,000 new cases and 175,000 deaths annually. Diagnostic RCC biomarkers may prevent overtreatment in patients with early disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising source of RCC biomarkers because EVs carry proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA) among other biomolecules. We aimed to identify biomarkers and assess biological functions of EV cargo from clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC (pRCC), and benign kidney cell lines. EVs were enriched from conditioned cell media by size exclusion chromatography. The EV proteome was assessed using Tandem Mass Tag mass spectrometry (TMT-MS) and NanoString nCounter technology was used to profile 770 cancer-related mRNA present in EVs. The heterogeneity of protein and mRNA abundance and identification highlighted the heterogeneity of EV cargo, even between cell lines of a similar pathological group (e.g., ccRCC or pRCC). Overall, 1726 proteins were quantified across all EV samples, including 181 proteins that were detected in all samples. In the targeted profiling of mRNA by NanoString, 461 mRNAs were detected in EVs from at least one cell line, including 159 that were present in EVs from all cell lines. In addition to a shared EV cargo signature, pRCC, ccRCC, and/or benign renal cell lines also showed unique signatures. Using this multi-omics approach, we identified 34 protein candidate pRCC EV biomarkers and 20 protein and 8 mRNA candidate ccRCC EV biomarkers for clinical validation.
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17
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Li D, Lai W, Wang Q, Xiang Z, Nan X, Yang X, Fang Q. CD151 enrichment in exosomes of luminal androgen receptor breast cancer cell line contributes to cell invasion. Biochimie 2021; 189:65-75. [PMID: 34157361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common and highly heterogeneous disease in women worldwide. Given the challenges in the treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms related to disease progression. Exosomes play various roles in the progression of tumors, including promoting the invasion and advancing the distant metastasis. To study the molecular mechanisms related to the progression of luminal androgen receptor (LAR) breast cancer, we first isolated exosomes of MDA-MB-453 cells, a representative cell line of LAR. Through quantitative proteomic analysis, we identified 180 proteins specifically enriched in exosomes after comparing with those in cells, microvesicles, and the 150K supernatant. Among these, CD151, a protein involved in the regulation of cell motility was the most enriched one. CD151-knockdown exosomes reduced the invasion ability of the recipient breast cancer cell and lowered the phosphorylation level of tyrosine-protein kinase Lck, indicating that the invasion of LAR breast cancer may be due to CD151-enriched exosomes. Our work reports for the first time that CD151 was highly abundant in the exosomes of MDA-MB-453 cells and expands the understanding of the development process of LAR subtype, suggesting CD151 may be a potential candidate for the treatment of LAR breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Wenjia Lai
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Zhichu Xiang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Nan
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Yang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
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18
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Liu MX, Zhang H, Zhang XW, Chen S, Yu YL, Wang JH. Nanozyme Sensor Array Plus Solvent-Mediated Signal Amplification Strategy for Ultrasensitive Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection of Exosomal Proteins and Cancer Identification. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9002-9010. [PMID: 34143614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor exosomes with molecular marker-proteins inherited from their parent cells have emerged as a promising liquid biopsy biomarker for cancer diagnosis. However, facile, robust, and sensitive detection of exosomal proteins remains challenging. Therefore, a nanozyme sensor array is constructed by using aptamer-modified C3N4 nanosheets (Apt/C3N4 NSs) together with a solvent-mediated signal amplification strategy for ratiometric fluorescence detection of exosomal proteins. Three aptamers specific to exosomal proteins are selected to construct Apt/C3N4 NSs for high specific recognition of exosomal proteins. The adsorption of aptamers enhances the catalytic activity of C3N4 NSs as a nanozyme for oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (oPD) to 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP). In the presence of target exosomes, the strong affinity between aptamer and exosome leads to the disintegration of Apt/C3N4 NSs, resulting in a decrease of catalytic activity, thereby reducing the production of DAP. The ratiometric fluorescence signal based on a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect between DAP and C3N4 NSs is dependent on the concentration of DAP generated, thus achieving highly facile and robust detection of exosomal proteins. Remarkably, the addition of organic solvent-1,4-dioxane can sensitize the luminescence of DAP without affecting the intrinsic fluorescence of C3N4 NSs, achieving the amplification of the aptamer-exosome recognition events. The detection limit for exosome is 2.5 × 103 particles/mL. In addition, the accurate identification of cancer can be achieved by machine learning algorithms to analyze the difference of exosomal proteins from different patients' blood. We hope that this facile, robust, sensitive, and versatile nanozyme sensor array would become a promising tool in the field of cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xian Liu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - He Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xue-Wei Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
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A novel electrochemical aptasensor for exosomes determination and release based on specific host-guest interactions between cucurbit [7]uril and ferrocene. Talanta 2021; 232:122451. [PMID: 34074435 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The superior supramolecular recognition ability of macrocyclic compounds will enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical detection, which has a great application potential in electrochemical sensing. Herein, we developed a novel electrochemical aptasensor based on the specific host-guest interactions between cucurbit [7]uril and ferrocene (Fc) for capture, determination and release of exosomes. Macrocyclic compounds, cucurbit [7]uril is modified on the surface of the gold nanoparticles composed electrode by self-assembling. CD63 aptamer linked ferrocene is introduced into this platform to capture exosomes specifically by CD63 protein on the exosomes. The dual specificity of macrocyclic compounds and aptamers enables highly selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of exosomes. The limit of detection (LOD) was 482 particles μL-1. In addition, the captured exosomes could be released on demand in a very mild manner through aminoferrocene (NH2-Fc) because of its higher affinity to cucurbit [7]uril. The proposed electrochemical aptasensor showed good performance in detecting exosomes even in plasma samples, thus demonstrating its great potential in early clinical diagnosis. Simultaneously, exosomes could be released undamaged by this protocol, exhibiting good applicability in comprehensive studies of exosomes. Moreover, this strategy can be applied to other target biomolecules by changing the recognition pairs.
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Tan Z, Zou Y, Zhu M, Luo Z, Wu T, Zheng C, Xie A, Wang H, Fang S, Liu S, Li Y, Lu Z. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A is a novel diagnostic and predictive biomarker for breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:409. [PMID: 33858374 PMCID: PMC8048260 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A), the key regulator of fatty acid oxidation, contributes to tumor metastasis and therapeutic resistance. We aimed to identify its clinical significance as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prediction of breast cancer. METHODS Western blot, ELISA and in silico analysis were used to confirm CPT1A levels in breast cancer cell lines, cell culture medium and breast cancer tissues. Four hundred thirty breast cancer patients, 200 patients with benign breast disease, and 400 healthy controls were enrolled and randomly divided into a training set and a test set with a 7:3 ratio. Training set was used to build diagnostic models and 10-fold cross validation was used to demonstrate the performance of the models. Then test set was aimed to validate the effectiveness of the diagnostic models. ELISA was conducted to detect individual serum CPT1A levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated, and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of CPT1A as a biomarker in breast cancer diagnosis. CPT1A levels between post-operative and pre-operative samples were also compared. RESULTS CPT1A was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues, cell lines and cell culture medium. Serum CPT1A levels were higher in breast cancer patients than in controls and were significantly associated with metastasis, TNM stage, histological grading and molecular subtype. CPT1A levels were decreased in post-operative samples compared with paired pre-operative samples. Moreover, CPT1A exhibited a higher efficacy in differentiating breast cancer patients from healthy controls (training set: area under the curve, AUC, 0.892, 95% CI, 0.872-0.920; test set, AUC, 0.904, 95% CI, 0.869-0.939) than did CA15-3, CEA, or CA125. CONCLUSION CPT1A is overexpressed in breast cancer and can be secreted out of breast cancer cell. Serum CPT1A is positively associated with breast cancer progression and could serve as an indicator for disease monitoring. Serum CPT1A displayed a remarkably high diagnostic efficiency for breast cancer and could be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqiong Tan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China.
| | - Yaru Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wusong Central Hospital, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200940, China
| | - Man Zhu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenzhao Luo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Tangwei Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Aqing Xie
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Shiqiang Fang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Shuiyi Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
- Cancer Research Institute of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhongxin Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China.
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21
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Mathew B, Mansuri MS, Williams KR, Nairn AC. Exosomes as Emerging Biomarker Tools in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders-A Proteomics Perspective. Brain Sci 2021; 11:258. [PMID: 33669482 PMCID: PMC7922222 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are synthesized and secreted by different cell types and contain proteins, lipids, metabolites and RNA species that reflect the physiological status of the cell of origin. As such, exosomes are increasingly being used as a novel reservoir for disease biomarker discovery. However, isolation of exosomes can be challenging due to their nonuniformity of shape and variable tissue of origin. Moreover, various analytical techniques used for protein detection and quantitation remain insensitive to the low amounts of protein isolated from exosomes. Despite these challenges, techniques to improve proteomic yield and increase protein dynamic range continue to improve at a rapid rate. In this review, we highlight the importance of exosome proteomics in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders and the associated technical difficulties. Furthermore, current progress and technological advancements in exosome proteomics research are discussed with an emphasis on disease-associated protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boby Mathew
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (B.M.); (K.R.W.)
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - M. Shahid Mansuri
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (B.M.); (K.R.W.)
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Williams
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (B.M.); (K.R.W.)
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Angus C. Nairn
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (B.M.); (K.R.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 34 Park Street, 3rd Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
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22
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Charest A. Experimental and Biological Insights from Proteomic Analyses of Extracellular Vesicle Cargos in Normalcy and Disease. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2020; 4:e2000069. [PMID: 32815324 PMCID: PMC8091982 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a vehicle for diagnostic and therapeutic utility. EVs carry bioactive cargo and an accrued interest in their characterization has emerged. Efforts at identifying EV-enriched protein or RNA led to a surprising realization that EVs are excessively heterogeneous in nature. This diversity is originally attributed to vesicle sizes but it is becoming evident that different classes of EVs vehiculate distinct molecular cargos. Therefore, one of the current challenges in EV research is their selective isolation in quantities sufficient for efficient downstream analyses. Many protocols have been developed; however, reproducibility between research groups can be difficult to reach and inter-studies analyses of data from different isolation protocols are unmanageable. Therefore, there is an unmet need to optimize and standardize methods and protocols for the isolation and purification of EVs. This review focuses on the diverse techniques and protocols used over the years to isolate and purify EVs with a special emphasis on their adequacy for proteomics applications. By combining recent advances in specific isolation methods that yield superior quality of EV preparations and mass spectrometry techniques, the field is now prepared for transformative advancements in establishing distinct categorization and cargo identification of subpopulations based on EV surface markers.
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23
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Chhuon C, Zhang SY, Jung V, Lewandowski D, Lipecka J, Pawlak A, Sahali D, Ollero M, Guerrera IC. A sensitive S-Trap-based approach to the analysis of T cell lipid raft proteome. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1512-1523. [PMID: 32769147 PMCID: PMC7604723 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d120000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of T cell lipid raft proteome is challenging due to the highly dynamic nature of rafts and the hydrophobic character of raft-resident proteins. We explored an innovative strategy for bottom-up lipid raftomics based on suspension-trapping (S-Trap) sample preparation. Mouse T cells were prepared from splenocytes by negative immunoselection, and rafts were isolated by a detergent-free method and OptiPrep gradient ultracentrifugation. Microdomains enriched in flotillin-1, LAT, and cholesterol were subjected to proteomic analysis through an optimized protocol based on S-Trap and high pH fractionation, followed by nano-LC-MS/MS. Using this method, we identified 2,680 proteins in the raft-rich fraction and established a database of 894 T cell raft proteins. We then performed a differential analysis on the raft-rich fraction from nonstimulated versus anti-CD3/CD28 T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated T cells. Our results revealed 42 proteins present in one condition and absent in the other. For the first time, we performed a proteomic analysis on rafts from ex vivo T cells obtained from individual mice, before and after TCR activation. This work demonstrates that the proposed method utilizing an S-Trap-based approach for sample preparation increases the specificity and sensitivity of lipid raftomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerina Chhuon
- Proteomic Platform Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche SFR Necker US24, Paris, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
| | - Shao-Yu Zhang
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Jung
- Proteomic Platform Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche SFR Necker US24, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Lewandowski
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Joanna Lipecka
- Proteomic Platform Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche SFR Necker US24, Paris, France
| | - André Pawlak
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
| | - Dil Sahali
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Mario Ollero
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomic Platform Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche SFR Necker US24, Paris, France
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24
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Mass-Spectrometry Based Proteome Comparison of Extracellular Vesicle Isolation Methods: Comparison of ME-kit, Size-Exclusion Chromatography, and High-Speed Centrifugation. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080246. [PMID: 32722497 PMCID: PMC7459681 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-enclosed particles released by cells under various conditions specific to cells’ biological states. Hence, mass-spectrometry (MS) based proteome analysis of EVs in plasma has gained much attention as a method to discover novel protein biomarkers. MS analysis of EVs in plasma is challenging and EV isolation is usually necessary. Therefore, we compared differences in abundance, subtypes, and contamination for EVs isolated by high-speed centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and peptide-affinity precipitation (PAP/ME kit) for subsequent MS-based proteome analysis. Successful EV isolation was evaluated by nanoparticle-tracking analysis, immunoblotting, and transmission electron microscopy, while EV abundance, EV subtypes, and contamination was evaluated by label-free tandem MS. High-speed centrifugation and SEC isolates showed high EV abundance at the expense of contamination by non-EV proteins and lipoproteins, respectively. These two methods also resulted in EVs of a similar type, however, with smaller EVs in SEC isolates. PAP isolates had a relatively low EV abundance and high contamination. We consider high-speed centrifugation and SEC suitable as EV isolation for MS biomarker studies, where the choice between the two should depend on the scientific questions and whether the focus is on larger or smaller EVs or a combination of both.
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25
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Fujii T, Kaneta T. Direct counting of exosomes in a cell culture medium using neither isolation nor preconcentration. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1119:35-40. [PMID: 32439052 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are expected to be biomarkers of cancer since they contain information about the cells that excrete them. In this study we developed a method to count the exosomes secreted from cancer cells in a culture medium without the need for isolation and/or preconcentration. This detection system consists of a square capillary on which a laser beam is focused in a sheet shape via the use of two cylindrical lenses. A fluorescently labeled anti-CD63 antibody is used to mark the exosomes that are then flowed into the square capillary. In this study, individual exosomes were observed on a trajectory when passing through the laser beam sheet and were counted for 10 min at a constant flow velocity. The total analysis time was less than 1.5 h including the steps required to remove large particles and allow reaction with the antibody. The results for two samples prepared with and without the isolation of exosomes showed a loss of exosomes in the isolation step. We also determined the number of the exosomes secreted by the cells to a culture medium during cultivation. As expected, the total number of exosomes in a culture medium increased with an increase in the cultivation time, and the number of exosomes released every 12 h either remained constant or showed no more than a slight increase for as long as 72 h. It was unclear whether the number exosomes was dependent on the cell population at confluences of 10-60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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26
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Clark DJ, Schnaubelt M, Hoti N, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Gooya M, Zhang H. Impact of Increased FUT8 Expression on the Extracellular Vesicle Proteome in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2195-2205. [PMID: 32378902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular communication, transporting proteins and nucleic acids to proximal and distal regions. There is evidence of glycosylation influencing protein routing into EVs; however, the impact of aberrant cellular glycotransferase expression on EV protein profiles has yet to be evaluated. In this study, we paired extracellular vesicle characterization and quantitative proteomics to determine the systemic impact of altered α(1,6)fucosyltranferase (FUT8) expression on prostate cancer-derived EVs. Our results showed that increased cellular expression of FUT8 could reduce the number of vesicles secreted by prostate cancer cells as well as increase the abundance of proteins associated with cell motility and prostate cancer metastasis. In addition, overexpression of FUT8 resulted in altered glycans on select EV-derived glycoproteins. This study presents the first evidence of altered cellular glycosylation impacting EV protein profiles and provides further rationale for exploring the functional role of glycosylation in EV biogenesis and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Clark
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael Schnaubelt
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Naseruddin Hoti
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Yangying Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Mahta Gooya
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
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27
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Exosomes in triple negative breast cancer: Garbage disposals or Trojan horses? Cancer Lett 2020; 473:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Leidal AM, Debnath J. Unraveling the mechanisms that specify molecules for secretion in extracellular vesicles. Methods 2020; 177:15-26. [PMID: 31978536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound organelles naturally released from cells and potentially function as vehicles of intercellular communication. Cells release numerous sub-species of EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, which are formed via distinct cellular pathways and molecular machineries and contain specific proteins, RNAs and lipids. Accumulating evidence indicates that the repertoire of molecules packaged into EVs is shaped by both the physiological state of the cell and the EV biogenesis pathway involved. Although these observations intimate that precisely regulated pathways sort molecules into EVs, the underlying molecular mechanisms that direct molecules for secretion remain poorly defined. Recently, with the advancement of mass spectrometry, next-generation sequencing techniques and molecular biology tools, several mechanisms contributing to EV cargo selection are beginning to be unraveled. This review examines strategies employed to reveal how specific proteins, RNAs and lipids are directed for secretion via EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Leidal
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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29
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Kim H, Kim DW, Cho JY. Exploring the key communicator role of exosomes in cancer microenvironment through proteomics. Proteome Sci 2019; 17:5. [PMID: 31686989 PMCID: PMC6820930 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-019-0154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been many attempts to fully understand the mechanism of cancer behavior. Yet, how cancers develop and metastasize still remain elusive. Emerging concepts of cancer biology in recent years have focused on the communication of cancer with its microenvironment, since cancer cannot grow and live alone. Cancer needs to communicate with other cells for survival, and thus they secrete various messengers, including exosomes that contain many proteins, miRNAs, mRNAs, etc., for construction of the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, these intercellular communications between cancer and its microenvironment, including stromal cells or distant cells, can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and escape from immune surveillance. In this review, we summarized the role of proteins in the exosome as communicators between cancer and its microenvironment. Consequently, we present cancer specific exosome proteins and their unique roles in the interaction between cancer and its microenvironment. Clinically, these exosomes might provide useful biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic tools for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiSu Kim
- 1Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- 1Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- 1Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,2Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Korea
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30
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Biological surface properties in extracellular vesicles and their effect on cargo proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13048. [PMID: 31506490 PMCID: PMC6736982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultracentrifugationon sucrose density gradientappears to be the best purification protocol for extracellular vesicle (EVs) purification. After this step, to reduce disulfide bridges linking exogenous proteins to the vesicles, the collected samples are routinely washed and treated with dithiothreitol (DTT). Such incubations are performed at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 95 °C, with either Tris or PBS as buffers. We re-investigated these steps on both exosomes and microvesicles purified from blood (serum) and urine by electrophoretic separation, silver staining and western blots analysis. Data confirm that an extra centrifugation on a sucrose cushion can effectively eliminate contaminants. Tris buffer (50 Mm) and β-mercaptoethanol as a reducing agent at room temperature dramatically improved either sample cleaning. By contrast, especially for exosomes PBS buffer and DTT, above 37 °C, caused massive protein aggregations, yielding blurred SDS-PAGE gels in both samples. Immuno-blot analyses demonstrated that in PBS-DTT contamination with albumin (in serum) or with uromodulin (in urine) occurs. DTT, likely due to its two–SH groups, might form scrambled SS-bonds promoting EVs interaction with environmental macromolecules via disulphide bridges. Therefore, to obtain maximum vesicle purity for biomarker investigations and to maximize both presence of EVs proteins and their accessibility, use of DTT is not recommended.
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31
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Hong J, Dauros-Singorenko P, Whitcombe A, Payne L, Blenkiron C, Phillips A, Swift S. Analysis of the Escherichia coli extracellular vesicle proteome identifies markers of purity and culture conditions. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1632099. [PMID: 31275533 PMCID: PMC6598517 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1632099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria release nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the extracellular milieu. Bacterial EVs contain molecular cargo originating from the parent bacterium and have important roles in bacterial survival and pathogenesis. Using 8-plex iTRAQ approaches, we profiled the EV proteome of two Escherichia coli strains, uropathogenic (UPEC) 536 and probiotic Nissle 1917. For these strains, we compared the proteome of crude input EVs prepared by ultracentrifugation alone with EVs purified by either density gradient centrifugation (DGC) or size exclusion chromatography (SEC). We further compared the proteome of EVs from bacterial cultures that were grown in iron-restricted (R) and iron-supplemented (RF) conditions. Overall, outer membrane components were highly enriched, and bacterial inner membrane components were significantly depleted in both UPEC and Nissle EVs, in keeping with an outer membrane origin. In addition, we found enrichment of ribosome-related Gene Ontology terms in UPEC EVs and proteins involved in glycolytic processes and ligase activity in Nissle EVs. We have identified that three proteins (RbsB of UPEC in R; YoeA of UPEC in RF; BamA of Nissle in R) were consistently enriched in the DGC- and SEC-purified EV samples in comparison to their crude input EV, whereas conversely the 60 kDa chaperonin GroEL was enriched in the crude input EVs for both UPEC and Nissle in R condition. Such proteins may have utility as technical markers for assessing the purity of E. coli EV preparations. Several proteins were changed in their abundance depending on the iron availability in the media. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD011345. In summary, we have undertaken a comprehensive characterization of the protein content of E. coli EVs and found evidence of specific EV cargos for physiological activity and conserved protein cargo that may find utility as markers in the future. Abbreviation: DGC: density gradient centrifugation; DTT: 1,4-dithiothreitol; EV: extracellular vesicles; FDR: false discovery rate; GO: Gene Ontology; R: iron-restricted; RF: iron-supplemented; iTRAQ: isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation; OMV: outer membrane vesicle; SWATH-MS: sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra; SEC: size exclusion chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Hong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Priscila Dauros-Singorenko
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alana Whitcombe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leo Payne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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32
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May DH, Tamura K, Noble WS. Detecting Modifications in Proteomics Experiments with Param-Medic. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1902-1906. [PMID: 30714740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Searching tandem mass spectra against a peptide database requires accurate knowledge of various experimental parameters, including machine settings and details of the sample preparation protocol. In some cases, such as in reanalysis of public data sets, this experimental metadata may be missing or inaccurate. We describe a method for automatically inferring the presence of various types of modifications, including stable-isotope and isobaric labeling and tandem mass tags as well as the enrichment of phosphorylated peptides, directly from a given set of mass spectra. We demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed approach, and we provide open-source Python and C++ implementations in a new version of the software tool Param-Medic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon H May
- Department of Genome Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Kaipo Tamura
- Department of Genome Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - William S Noble
- Department of Genome Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States.,Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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33
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Bandu R, Oh JW, Kim KP. Mass spectrometry-based proteome profiling of extracellular vesicles and their roles in cancer biology. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-10. [PMID: 30872566 PMCID: PMC6418213 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have arisen as important mediators of intercellular communication that are involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells to regulate various biological processes. EVs are largely responsible for intercellular communication through the delivery of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), DNAs, lipids, and metabolites. EVs released from cancer cells play a significant role in signal transduction between cancer cells and the surrounding cells, which contributes to the formation of tumors and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, EVs released from cancer cells migrate to blood vessels and flow into various biological fluids, including blood and urine. EVs and EV-loaded functional cargoes, including proteins and miRNAs, found in these biological fluids are important biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Therefore, EV proteomics greatly contributes to the understanding of carcinogenesis and tumor progression and is critical for the development of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancer. To explore the potential use of EVs as a gateway to understanding cancer biology and to develop cancer biomarkers, we discuss the mass spectrometric identification and characterization of EV proteins from different cancers. Information provided in this review may help in understanding recent progress regarding EV biology and the potential roles of EVs as new noninvasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Tumor cells release tiny membrane-encapsulated packages known as extracellular vesicles containing proteins which could serve as prognostic disease biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Kwang Pyo Kim and colleagues from Kyung Hee University in Yongin, South Korea, review the use of mass spectrometry to profile the diversity of proteins found in these tumor-derived packages. The proteins found in these vesicles help mediate communication between cancer cells and their surrounding tissues. Different tumor types share many of these proteins in common, but there are differences in the protein profile related to cancer-associated biological processes such as metastasis and cell proliferation. Tests based on the proteins contained in these vesicles could help clinicians better identify, diagnose and treat specific cancers, although large, multicenter studies are needed to validate such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bandu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Lane RE, Korbie D, Trau M, Hill MM. Optimizing Size Exclusion Chromatography for Extracellular Vesicle Enrichment and Proteomic Analysis from Clinically Relevant Samples. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800156. [PMID: 30632691 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The field of extracellular vesicle (EV) research has rapidly expanded in recent years, with particular interest in their potential as circulating biomarkers. Proteomic analysis of EVs from clinical samples is complicated by the low abundance of EV proteins relative to highly abundant circulating proteins such as albumin and apolipoproteins. To overcome this, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been proposed as a method to enrich EVs whilst depleting protein contaminants; however, the optimal SEC parameters for EV proteomics have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, quantitative evaluation and optimization of SEC are reported for separating EVs from contaminating proteins. Using a synthetic model system followed by cell line-derived EVs, it is found that a 10 mL Sepharose 4B column in PBS produces optimal resolution of EVs from background protein. By spiking-in cancer cell-derived EVs to healthy plasma, it is shown that some cancer EV-associated proteins are detectable by nano-LC-MS/MS when as little as 1% of the total plasma EV number are derived from a cancer cell line. These results suggest that an optimized SEC and nanoLC-MS/MS workflow may be sufficiently sensitive for disease EV protein biomarker discovery from patient-derived clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Lane
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia 4072
| | - Darren Korbie
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia 4072
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia 4072.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia 4072
| | - Michelle M Hill
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia 4102.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia 4006
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35
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Wu AYT, Ueda K, Lai CPK. Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Diagnostics. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800162. [PMID: 30334355 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes and microvesicles are lipid bilayer-encapsulated nanoparticles released by cells, ranging from 40 nm to several microns in diameter. Biological cargoes including proteins, RNAs, and DNAs can be ferried by EVs to neighboring and distant cells via biofluids, serving as a means of cell-to-cell communication under normal and pathological conditions, especially cancers. On the other hand, EVs have been investigated as a novel "information capsule" for early disease detection and monitoring via liquid biopsy. This review summarizes current advancements in EV subtype characterization, cancer EV capture, proteomic analysis technologies, as well as possible EV-based multiomics for cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Yan-Tang Wu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Project for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Japan
| | - Charles Pin-Kuang Lai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang T, Deng CX. Current Progresses of Exosomes as Cancer Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1-11. [PMID: 30662342 PMCID: PMC6329932 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer related exosomes are nano-size membrane vesicles that play important roles in tumor microenvironment. Emerging evidence indicates that exosomes can load unique cargoes, including proteins and nucleic acids that reflect the condition of tumor. Therefore, exosomes are being used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various cancers. In this review, we describe the current progresses of cancer related exosomes, including their biogenesis, molecular contents, biological functions, sources where they are derived from, and methods for their detection. We will also discuss the current exosomal biomarkers and the utilization of them for early diagnosis and prognostics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Théry C, Witwer KW, Aikawa E, Alcaraz MJ, Anderson JD, Andriantsitohaina R, Antoniou A, Arab T, Archer F, Atkin-Smith GK, Ayre DC, Bach JM, Bachurski D, Baharvand H, Balaj L, Baldacchino S, Bauer NN, Baxter AA, Bebawy M, Beckham C, Bedina Zavec A, Benmoussa A, Berardi AC, Bergese P, Bielska E, Blenkiron C, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Boilard E, Boireau W, Bongiovanni A, Borràs FE, Bosch S, Boulanger CM, Breakefield X, Breglio AM, Brennan MÁ, Brigstock DR, Brisson A, Broekman MLD, Bromberg JF, Bryl-Górecka P, Buch S, Buck AH, Burger D, Busatto S, Buschmann D, Bussolati B, Buzás EI, Byrd JB, Camussi G, Carter DRF, Caruso S, Chamley LW, Chang YT, Chen C, Chen S, Cheng L, Chin AR, Clayton A, Clerici SP, Cocks A, Cocucci E, Coffey RJ, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Couch Y, Coumans FAW, Coyle B, Crescitelli R, Criado MF, D’Souza-Schorey C, Das S, Datta Chaudhuri A, de Candia P, De Santana EF, De Wever O, del Portillo HA, Demaret T, Deville S, Devitt A, Dhondt B, Di Vizio D, Dieterich LC, Dolo V, Dominguez Rubio AP, Dominici M, Dourado MR, Driedonks TAP, Duarte FV, Duncan HM, Eichenberger RM, Ekström K, EL Andaloussi S, Elie-Caille C, Erdbrügger U, Falcón-Pérez JM, Fatima F, Fish JE, Flores-Bellver M, Försönits A, Frelet-Barrand A, Fricke F, Fuhrmann G, Gabrielsson S, Gámez-Valero A, Gardiner C, Gärtner K, Gaudin R, Gho YS, Giebel B, Gilbert C, Gimona M, Giusti I, Goberdhan DCI, Görgens A, Gorski SM, Greening DW, Gross JC, Gualerzi A, Gupta GN, Gustafson D, Handberg A, Haraszti RA, Harrison P, Hegyesi H, Hendrix A, Hill AF, Hochberg FH, Hoffmann KF, Holder B, Holthofer H, Hosseinkhani B, Hu G, Huang Y, Huber V, Hunt S, Ibrahim AGE, Ikezu T, Inal JM, Isin M, Ivanova A, Jackson HK, Jacobsen S, Jay SM, Jayachandran M, Jenster G, Jiang L, Johnson SM, Jones JC, Jong A, Jovanovic-Talisman T, Jung S, Kalluri R, Kano SI, Kaur S, Kawamura Y, Keller ET, Khamari D, Khomyakova E, Khvorova A, Kierulf P, Kim KP, Kislinger T, Klingeborn M, Klinke DJ, Kornek M, Kosanović MM, Kovács ÁF, Krämer-Albers EM, Krasemann S, Krause M, Kurochkin IV, Kusuma GD, Kuypers S, Laitinen S, Langevin SM, Languino LR, Lannigan J, Lässer C, Laurent LC, Lavieu G, Lázaro-Ibáñez E, Le Lay S, Lee MS, Lee YXF, Lemos DS, Lenassi M, Leszczynska A, Li ITS, Liao K, Libregts SF, Ligeti E, Lim R, Lim SK, Linē A, Linnemannstöns K, Llorente A, Lombard CA, Lorenowicz MJ, Lörincz ÁM, Lötvall J, Lovett J, Lowry MC, Loyer X, Lu Q, Lukomska B, Lunavat TR, Maas SLN, Malhi H, Marcilla A, Mariani J, Mariscal J, Martens-Uzunova ES, Martin-Jaular L, Martinez MC, Martins VR, Mathieu M, Mathivanan S, Maugeri M, McGinnis LK, McVey MJ, Meckes DG, Meehan KL, Mertens I, Minciacchi VR, Möller A, Møller Jørgensen M, Morales-Kastresana A, Morhayim J, Mullier F, Muraca M, Musante L, Mussack V, Muth DC, Myburgh KH, Najrana T, Nawaz M, Nazarenko I, Nejsum P, Neri C, Neri T, Nieuwland R, Nimrichter L, Nolan JP, Nolte-’t Hoen ENM, Noren Hooten N, O’Driscoll L, O’Grady T, O’Loghlen A, Ochiya T, Olivier M, Ortiz A, Ortiz LA, Osteikoetxea X, Østergaard O, Ostrowski M, Park J, Pegtel DM, Peinado H, Perut F, Pfaffl MW, Phinney DG, Pieters BCH, Pink RC, Pisetsky DS, Pogge von Strandmann E, Polakovicova I, Poon IKH, Powell BH, Prada I, Pulliam L, Quesenberry P, Radeghieri A, Raffai RL, Raimondo S, Rak J, Ramirez MI, Raposo G, Rayyan MS, Regev-Rudzki N, Ricklefs FL, Robbins PD, Roberts DD, Rodrigues SC, Rohde E, Rome S, Rouschop KMA, Rughetti A, Russell AE, Saá P, Sahoo S, Salas-Huenuleo E, Sánchez C, Saugstad JA, Saul MJ, Schiffelers RM, Schneider R, Schøyen TH, Scott A, Shahaj E, Sharma S, Shatnyeva O, Shekari F, Shelke GV, Shetty AK, Shiba K, Siljander PRM, Silva AM, Skowronek A, Snyder OL, Soares RP, Sódar BW, Soekmadji C, Sotillo J, Stahl PD, Stoorvogel W, Stott SL, Strasser EF, Swift S, Tahara H, Tewari M, Timms K, Tiwari S, Tixeira R, Tkach M, Toh WS, Tomasini R, Torrecilhas AC, Tosar JP, Toxavidis V, Urbanelli L, Vader P, van Balkom BWM, van der Grein SG, Van Deun J, van Herwijnen MJC, Van Keuren-Jensen K, van Niel G, van Royen ME, van Wijnen AJ, Vasconcelos MH, Vechetti IJ, Veit TD, Vella LJ, Velot É, Verweij FJ, Vestad B, Viñas JL, Visnovitz T, Vukman KV, Wahlgren J, Watson DC, Wauben MHM, Weaver A, Webber JP, Weber V, Wehman AM, Weiss DJ, Welsh JA, Wendt S, Wheelock AM, Wiener Z, Witte L, Wolfram J, Xagorari A, Xander P, Xu J, Yan X, Yáñez-Mó M, Yin H, Yuana Y, Zappulli V, Zarubova J, Žėkas V, Zhang JY, Zhao Z, Zheng L, Zheutlin AR, Zickler AM, Zimmermann P, Zivkovic AM, Zocco D, Zuba-Surma EK. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1535750. [PMID: 30637094 PMCID: PMC6322352 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1535750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6820] [Impact Index Per Article: 1136.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles ("MISEV") guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these "MISEV2014" guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Jose Alcaraz
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Anna Antoniou
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Tanina Arab
- Université de Lille, INSERM, U-1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse - PRISM, Lille, France
| | - Fabienne Archer
- University of Lyon, INRA, EPHE, UMR754 Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology, Lyon, France
| | - Georgia K Atkin-Smith
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - D Craig Ayre
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, Canada
- Mount Allison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sackville, Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Bach
- Université Bretagne Loire, Oniris, INRA, IECM, Nantes, France
| | - Daniel Bachurski
- University of Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine I, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Cell Science Research Center, Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Tehran, Iran
- University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Department of Developmental Biology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Natalie N Bauer
- University of South Alabama, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung Biology, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Amy A Baxter
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- University of Technology Sydney, Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Apolonija Bedina Zavec
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Paolo Bergese
- CSGI - Research Center for Colloids and Nanoscience, Florence, Italy
- INSTM - National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Florence, Italy
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ewa Bielska
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Eric Boilard
- Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Wilfrid Boireau
- FEMTO-ST Institute, UBFC, CNRS, ENSMM, UTBM, Besançon, France
| | - Antonella Bongiovanni
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesc E Borràs
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, REMAR-IVECAT Group, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Nephrology Service, Badalona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steffi Bosch
- Université Bretagne Loire, Oniris, INRA, IECM, Nantes, France
| | - Chantal M Boulanger
- INSERM UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xandra Breakefield
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology and Radiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew M Breglio
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meadhbh Á Brennan
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMR 1238, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, PhyOS, Nantes, France
| | - David R Brigstock
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alain Brisson
- UMR-CBMN, CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marike LD Broekman
- Haaglanden Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline F Bromberg
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Shilpa Buch
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy H Buck
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sara Busatto
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Transplantation, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dominik Buschmann
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Freising, Germany
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- University of Torino, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Edit I Buzás
- MTA-SE Immuno-Proteogenomics Research Groups, Budapest, Hungary
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - James Bryan Byrd
- University of Michigan, Department of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - David RF Carter
- Oxford Brookes University, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Caruso
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- University of Auckland, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yu-Ting Chang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chihchen Chen
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- National Tsing Hua University, Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shuai Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Reproductive Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Lesley Cheng
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | | | - Aled Clayton
- Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Alex Cocks
- Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emanuele Cocucci
- The Ohio State University, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Epithelial Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Yvonne Couch
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Acute Stroke Programme - Investigative Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Frank AW Coumans
- Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Vesicle Observation Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beth Coyle
- The University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- University of Gothenburg, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Krefting Research Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Saumya Das
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amrita Datta Chaudhuri
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Eliezer F De Santana
- The Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hernando A del Portillo
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), PVREX group, Badalona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, PVREX Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanguy Demaret
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Deville
- Universiteit Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Andrew Devitt
- Aston University, School of Life & Health Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bert Dhondt
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Urology, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Vincenza Dolo
- University of L’Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Ana Paula Dominguez Rubio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Massimo Dominici
- TPM of Mirandola, Mirandola, Italy
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Division of Oncology, Modena, Italy
| | - Mauricio R Dourado
- University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba, Brazil
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tom AP Driedonks
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Heather M Duncan
- McGill University, Division of Experimental Medicine, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Child Health and Human Development Program, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ramon M Eichenberger
- James Cook University, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Cairns, Australia
| | - Karin Ekström
- University of Gothenburg, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Biomaterials, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samir EL Andaloussi
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Uta Erdbrügger
- University of Virginia Health System, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Juan M Falcón-Pérez
- CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Exosomes Laboratory & Metabolomics Platform, Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE Research Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Farah Fatima
- University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jason E Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, Canada
| | - Miguel Flores-Bellver
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Cell Sight-Ocular Stem Cell and Regeneration Program, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - András Försönits
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Fabia Fricke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Institute of Pathology, Applied Tumor Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregor Fuhrmann
- Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine Solna, Division for Immunology and Allergy, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Gámez-Valero
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, REMAR-IVECAT Group, Badalona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitari and Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Pathology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kathrin Gärtner
- Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Gene Vectors, Munich, Germany
| | - Raphael Gaudin
- INSERM U1110, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yong Song Gho
- POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Department of Life Sciences, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Bernd Giebel
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mario Gimona
- Paracelsus Medical University, GMP Unit, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ilaria Giusti
- University of L’Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Deborah CI Goberdhan
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - André Görgens
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
- Karolinska Institute, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - Sharon M Gorski
- BC Cancer, Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, Canada
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, Canada
| | - David W Greening
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Julia Christina Gross
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Developmental Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Hematology and Oncology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alice Gualerzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics (LABION), Milan, Italy
| | - Gopal N Gupta
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Urology, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Dakota Gustafson
- University of Toronto, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aase Handberg
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg, Denmark
- Aalborg University, Clinical Institute, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Reka A Haraszti
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, RNA Therapeutics Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Hargita Hegyesi
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - An Hendrix
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew F Hill
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Fred H Hochberg
- Scintillon Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Neurosurgery, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karl F Hoffmann
- Aberystwyth University, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Holder
- Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia
| | | | - Baharak Hosseinkhani
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Guoku Hu
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yiyao Huang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Huber
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jameel M Inal
- University of Hertfordshire, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Biosciences Research Group, Hatfield, UK
| | - Mustafa Isin
- Istanbul University Oncology Institute, Basic Oncology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alena Ivanova
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah K Jackson
- The University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Soren Jacobsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Section 4242 - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven M Jay
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Muthuvel Jayachandran
- Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Lanzhou Jiang
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Johnson
- University of Manchester, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ambrose Jong
- Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Jung
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Virology, Munich, Germany
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shin-ichi Kano
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Laboratory of Pathology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yumi Kawamura
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Evan T Keller
- University of Michigan, Biointerfaces Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Urology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Delaram Khamari
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elena Khomyakova
- École normale supérieure, Paris, France
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Khvorova
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, RNA Therapeutics Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kierulf
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Blood Cell Research Group, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Applied Chemistry, Yongin, Korea
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - David J Klinke
- West Virginia University, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and WVU Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
- West Virginia University, Department of Microbiology Immunology and Cell Biology, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Miroslaw Kornek
- German Armed Forces Central Hospital, Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Koblenz, Germany
- Saarland University Medical Center, Department of Medicine II, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maja M Kosanović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Árpád Ferenc Kovács
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Susanne Krasemann
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Neuropathology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirja Krause
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Gina D Kusuma
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sören Kuypers
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Saara Laitinen
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Research and Development, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Scott M Langevin
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical School, Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joanne Lannigan
- University of Virginia, Flow Cytometry Core, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- University of Gothenburg, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Krefting Research Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise C Laurent
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gregory Lavieu
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Soazig Le Lay
- INSERM U1063, Université d’Angers, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Eulji University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Debora S Lemos
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Genetics, Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Metka Lenassi
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Isaac TS Li
- University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Ke Liao
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sten F Libregts
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Cambridge NIHR BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erzsebet Ligeti
- Semmelweis University, Department of Physiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rebecca Lim
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Agency for Science and Technology (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Aija Linē
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Karen Linnemannstöns
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Developmental Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Hematology and Oncology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine A Lombard
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magdalena J Lorenowicz
- Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine & Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ákos M Lörincz
- Semmelweis University, Department of Physiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jan Lötvall
- University of Gothenburg, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Krefting Research Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jason Lovett
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Michelle C Lowry
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Xavier Loyer
- INSERM UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Quan Lu
- Harvard University, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, NeuroRepair Department, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Taral R Lunavat
- K.G. Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Centre, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sybren LN Maas
- Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Antonio Marcilla
- Universitat de València, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Àrea de Parasitologia, Valencia, Spain
- Universitat de València, Health Research Institute La Fe, Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jacopo Mariani
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, EPIGET LAB, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mathilde Mathieu
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Marco Maugeri
- University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Mark J McVey
- SickKids Hospital, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto, Canada
| | - David G Meckes
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Katie L Meehan
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Inge Mertens
- University of Antwerp, Centre for Proteomics, Antwerp, Belgium
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Valentina R Minciacchi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Möller
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg, Denmark
- EVSEARCH.DK, Denmark
| | - Aizea Morales-Kastresana
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - François Mullier
- Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), NARILIS, Namur, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Hematology-Hemostasis Laboratory, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- University of Padova, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Musante
- University of Virginia Health System, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Veronika Mussack
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Freising, Germany
| | - Dillon C Muth
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn H Myburgh
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tanbir Najrana
- Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Neri
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit Biology of Adaptation and Aging (B2A), Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative and Aging (Brain-C), Paris, France
| | - Tommaso Neri
- University of Pisa, Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardio-Respiratoria, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Vesicle Observation Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Esther NM Nolte-’t Hoen
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lorraine O’Driscoll
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tina O’Grady
- University of Liège, GIGA-R(MBD), PSI Laboratory, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ana O’Loghlen
- Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, London, UK
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin Olivier
- McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Kidney Research Network, REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Ortiz
- Graduate School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Ole Østergaard
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matias Ostrowski
- University of Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jaesung Park
- POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Department of Life Sciences, Pohang, South Korea
| | - D. Michiel Pegtel
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hector Peinado
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Molecular Oncology Programme, Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Perut
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Freising, Germany
| | - Donald G Phinney
- The Scripps Research Institute-Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Bartijn CH Pieters
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C Pink
- Oxford Brookes University, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford, UK
| | - David S Pisetsky
- Duke University Medical Center, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham VAMC, Medical Research Service, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Iva Polakovicova
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology-Oncology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ivan KH Poon
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Bonita H Powell
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lynn Pulliam
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter Quesenberry
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- CSGI - Research Center for Colloids and Nanoscience, Florence, Italy
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert L Raffai
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- University of Palermo, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, Palermo, Italy
| | - Janusz Rak
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marcel I Ramirez
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Morsi S Rayyan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Franz L Ricklefs
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Neurosurgery, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul D Robbins
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David D Roberts
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Laboratory of Pathology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Eva Rohde
- Paracelsus Medical University, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Salzburg, Austria
- Paracelsus Medical University, GMP Unit, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sophie Rome
- University of Lyon, Lyon-Sud Faculty of Medicine, CarMeN Laboratory (UMR INSERM 1060-INRA 1397), Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Kasper MA Rouschop
- Maastricht University, GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Radiation Oncology (MaastRO) Lab, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aurelia Rughetti
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paula Saá
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Cardiology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Edison Salas-Huenuleo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Santiago, Chile
- University of Chile, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catherine Sánchez
- Clínica las Condes, Extracellular Vesicles in Personalized Medicine Group, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julie A Saugstad
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Meike J Saul
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Biology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raphael Schneider
- University of Toronto, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tine Hiorth Schøyen
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Eriomina Shahaj
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Milan, Italy
| | - Shivani Sharma
- University of California, Los Angeles, California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Olga Shatnyeva
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Cell Science Research Center, Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- University of Gothenburg, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Krefting Research Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Temple, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Pia R-M Siljander
- University of Helsinki, EV Core Facility, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, EV group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreia M Silva
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agata Skowronek
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Orman L Snyder
- Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Barbara W Sódar
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Javier Sotillo
- James Cook University, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Cairns, Australia
| | | | - Willem Stoorvogel
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shannon L Stott
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erwin F Strasser
- FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Transfusion and Haemostaseology Department, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Swift
- University of Auckland, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Hiroshima University, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Muneesh Tewari
- University of Michigan, Biointerfaces Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology/Oncology Division, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kate Timms
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Georgetown University, Department of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Lucknow, India
| | - Rochelle Tixeira
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Mercedes Tkach
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- National University of Singapore, Faculty of Dentistry, Singapore
| | - Richard Tomasini
- INSERM U1068, Aix Marseille University, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | | | - Juan Pablo Tosar
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Functional Genomics Unit, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Universidad de la República, Faculty of Science, Nuclear Research Center, Analytical Biochemistry Unit, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Lorena Urbanelli
- University of Perugia, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pieter Vader
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas WM van Balkom
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne G van der Grein
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van Deun
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn JC van Herwijnen
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, Faculty of Pharmacy (FFUP), Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivan J Vechetti
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tiago D Veit
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura J Vella
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, The Department of Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Émilie Velot
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Beate Vestad
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Regional Research Network on Extracellular Vesicles, RRNEV, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jose L Viñas
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina V Vukman
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jessica Wahlgren
- University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Dionysios C Watson
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marca HM Wauben
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alissa Weaver
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Viktoria Weber
- Danube University Krems, Department for Biomedical Research and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Ann M Wehman
- University of Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- The University of Vermont Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Joshua A Welsh
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian Wendt
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Aachen, Germany
| | - Asa M Wheelock
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zoltán Wiener
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Leonie Witte
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Developmental Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Hematology and Oncology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou, China
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Nanomedicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Transplantation Medicine/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Angeliki Xagorari
- George Papanicolaou Hospital, Public Cord Blood Bank, Department of Haematology - BMT Unit, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Patricia Xander
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo Campus Diadema, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jing Xu
- BC Cancer, Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, Canada
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Xiamen University, Department of Chemical Biology, Xiamen, China
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hang Yin
- Tsinghua University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuana Yuana
- Technical University Eindhoven, Faculty Biomedical Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- University of Padova, Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Padova, Italy
| | - Jana Zarubova
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Bioengineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vytautas Žėkas
- Vilnius University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jian-ye Zhang
- Guangzhou Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhou Zhao
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Antje M Zickler
- Karolinska Institute, Clinical Research Center, Unit for Molecular Cell and Gene Therapy Science, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
- KU Leuven (Leuven University), Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- University of California, Davis, Department of Nutrition, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Ewa K Zuba-Surma
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Kraków, Poland
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Huang T, Armbruster MR, Coulton JB, Edwards JL. Chemical Tagging in Mass Spectrometry for Systems Biology. Anal Chem 2018; 91:109-125. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Michael R. Armbruster
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - John B. Coulton
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - James L. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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39
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Greening DW, Simpson RJ. Understanding extracellular vesicle diversity – current status. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:887-910. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1537788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard J. Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Australia
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40
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Tamkovich SN, Yunusova NV, Somov AK, Afanas’ev SG, Kakurina GV, Kolegova ES, Tugutova EA, Laktionov PP, Kondakova IV. Comparative Subpopulation Analysis of Plasma Exosomes from Cancer Patients. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750818020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Li Z, Qiu Y, Lu W, Jiang Y, Wang J. Immunotherapeutic interventions of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. J Transl Med 2018; 16:147. [PMID: 29848327 PMCID: PMC5977468 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer that lacks the expression of oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Although TNBC is sensitive to chemotherapy, the overall outcomes of TNBC are worse than for other breast cancers, and TNBC is still one of the most fatal diseases for women. With the discovery of antigens specifically expressed in TNBC cells and the developing technology of monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptors and cancer vaccines, immunotherapy is emerging as a novel promising option for TNBC. This review is mainly focused on the tumour microenvironment and host immunity, Triple Negative Breast Cancer and the clinical treatment of TNBC, novel therapies for cancer and immunotherapy for TNBC, and the future outlook for the treatment for TNBC and the interplay between the therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with targeted treatments in TNBC, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines. The review also highlights recent reports on the synergistic effects of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates, and exosomes, as potential multifunctional therapeutic agents in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiran Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508 People’s Republic of China
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42
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Tamkovich SN, Yunusova NV, Somov AK, Kakurina GV, Kolegova ES, Tugurova EA, Laktionov PP, Kondakova IV. [Comparative sub-population analysis of exosomes from blood plasma of cancer patients]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2018; 64:110-114. [PMID: 29460840 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186401110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To increase the sensitivity and specificity of the developed methods for diagnosis of oncological diseases using exosomes of blood, a stage of pre-selection of tumor exosomes from a common pool of circulating microvesicles is required. In the present work, universal proteins have been identified, their expression has been increased in the exosomes of patients with colorectal cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, and lung cancer. The use of antibodies against major exosomal proteins will further develop a simple and high-performance method of affinity isolation of tumor exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Tamkovich
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - A K Somov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | - P P Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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43
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Shen Q, Hu X, Zhou L, Zou S, Sun LZ, Zhu X. Overexpression of the 14-3-3γ protein in uterine leiomyoma cells results in growth retardation and increased apoptosis. Cell Signal 2018; 45:43-53. [PMID: 29382566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein 14-3-3γ was significantly reduced in human uterine leiomyoma compared to the adjacent normal myometrium tissue. To investigate the possible link between the reduced 14-3-3γ expression and uterine leiomyoma growth, we have overexpressed 14-3-3γ protein in uterine leiomyomal cells and its effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed. Over-expression of 14-3-3γ was achieved by transducing into two types of uterine leiomyoma cells (primary culture cells and immortal stem cells) with a 14-3-3γ expressing adenovirus vector. Differentially expressed proteins were screened by the proteomics tool (TMT-LCTMS), followed by PANTHER database analysis to single out specifically modified signaling pathway proteins, which were confirmed by Phospho-MAPK Antibody Array and Western blots analysis. The results showed that increase in 14-3-3γ expression in both two types of human uterine leiomyoma cells inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Proteomic screening has found 42 proteins, among 5846, that were significantly affected. PANTHER database and GeneMANIA analysis of the differentially expressed proteins have found that proteins involved in apoptosis signaling and cytoskeletal/adhesion were among the ones affected the most. Further analysis of the key signaling pathways have found that over-expression of 14-3-3γ resulted in reductions in the phosphorylations of multiple signaling molecules, including AKT, pan, ERK1/2, GSK-3 α/β, MEK1/2, Foxo1 and Vimentin. In conclusion, the loss of 14-3-3γ may have causal effects on the growth of uterine leiomyoma, which may function through modifying multiple signaling pathways, including AKT-Foxo and/or MEK1/2-ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuangwei Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lu-Zhe Sun
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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44
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Chen X, Lan J, Liu Y, Li L, Yan L, Xia Y, Wu F, Li C, Li S, Chen J. A paper-supported aptasensor based on upconversion luminescence resonance energy transfer for the accessible determination of exosomes. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 102:582-588. [PMID: 29241062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, as potential cancer diagnostic markers have received close attention in recent years. However, there is still a lack of simple and convenient methods to detect and quantitate exosomes. Herein, we used a simple paper-supported aptasensor based on luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) from upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to gold nanorods (Au NRs) for the accessible determination of exosomes. When exosomes are present, the two sections of the aptamer can combine with the CD63 protein on the surface of exosomes and form a conjugation to close the distance between UCNPs and Au NRs, which initiates the LRET and promotes luminescence quenching. These variations can be monitored by the homemade image system, and the green channel intensities of obtained colored images were extracted with photoshop software to quantify the luminescence. As a result, the quenching of the luminescence of the UCNPs is linearly correlated to the concentration of the exosomes (in the range of 1.0 × 104 ~ 1.0 × 108 particles/μL), enabling the detection and quantification of the exosomes. Such approach can reach a low detection limit of exosomes (1.1 × 103 particles/μL) and effectively reduce the background signal by using UCNPs as a luminescent material. This study provides an efficient and practical approach to the detection of exosomes, which should lead to point-of-care testing in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China.
| | - Jianming Lan
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Yingxin Liu
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Li Li
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Liu Yan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China
| | - Yaokun Xia
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Fang Wu
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Chunyan Li
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Shirong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, PR China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China.
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45
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Gianazza E, Miller I, Guerrini U, Palazzolo L, Parravicini C, Eberini I. Gender proteomics II. Which proteins in sexual organs. J Proteomics 2017; 178:18-30. [PMID: 28988880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In continuity with the review dealing with differences by gender in non-sexual organs [1], this review collects data on the proteomes of the sexual organs as involved in human reproduction, under both physiological and pathological conditions. It also collects data on the tissue structures and biological fluids typical of pregnancy, such as placenta and amniotic fluid, as well as what may be tested on preimplantation embryos during medically assisted reproduction. The review includes as well mention to all fluids and secretions connected with sex organs and/or reproduction, including sperm and milk, to exemplify two distinctive items in male and female physiology. SIGNIFICANCE The causes of infertility are only incompletely understood; the same holds for the causes, and even the early markers, of the most frequent complications of pregnancy. To these established medical challenges, present day practice adds new issues connected with medically assisted reproduction. Omics approaches, including proteomics, are building the database for basic knowledge to possibly translate into clinical testing and eventually into medical routine in this critical branch of health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gianazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Uliano Guerrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Palazzolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Parravicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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46
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Dauros Singorenko P, Chang V, Whitcombe A, Simonov D, Hong J, Phillips A, Swift S, Blenkiron C. Isolation of membrane vesicles from prokaryotes: a technical and biological comparison reveals heterogeneity. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1324731. [PMID: 28717421 PMCID: PMC5505020 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1324731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prokaryotes release membrane vesicles (MVs) with direct roles in disease pathogenesis. MVs are heterogeneous when isolated from bacterial cultures so Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC) is valuable for separation of MV subgroups from contaminating material. Here we report the technical variability and natural biological heterogeneity seen between DGC preparations of MVs for Mycobacterium smegmatis and Escherichia coli and compare these DGC data with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) columns. Crude preparations of MVs, isolated from cultures by ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation were separated by DGC with fractions manually collected as guided by visible bands. Yields of protein, RNA and endotoxin, protein banding and particle counts were analysed in these. DGC and SEC methods enabled separation of molecularly distinct MV populations from crude MVs. DGC banding profiles were unique for each of the two species of bacteria tested and further altered by changing culture conditions, for example with iron supplementation. SEC is time efficient, reproducible and cost effective method that may also allow partial LPS removal from Gram-negative bacterial MVs. In summary, both DGC and SEC are suitable for the separation of mixed populations of MVs and we advise trials of both, coupled with complete molecular and single vesicle characterisation prior to downstream experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Dauros Singorenko
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alana Whitcombe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Denis Simonov
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiwon Hong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony Phillips
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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47
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Park J, Hwang M, Choi B, Jeong H, Jung JH, Kim HK, Hong S, Park JH, Choi Y. Exosome Classification by Pattern Analysis of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Data for Lung Cancer Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6695-6701. [PMID: 28541032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the role of exosome as a cargo for intercellular communication, especially in cancer metastasis, the evidence has been consistently accumulated that exosomes can be used as a noninvasive indicator of cancer. Consequently, several studies applying exosome have been proposed for cancer diagnostic methods such as ELISA assay. However, it has been still challenging to get reliable results due to the requirement of a labeling process and high concentration of exosome. Here, we demonstrate a label-free and highly sensitive classification method of exosome by combining surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and statistical pattern analysis. Unlike the conventional method to read different peak positions and amplitudes of a spectrum, whole SERS spectra of exosomes were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). By employing this pattern analysis, lung cancer cell derived exosomes were clearly distinguished from normal cell derived exosomes by 95.3% sensitivity and 97.3% specificity. Moreover, by analyzing the PCA result, we could suggest that this difference was induced by 11 different points in SERS signals from lung cancer cell derived exosomes. This result paved the way for new real-time diagnosis and classification of lung cancer by using exosome as a cancer marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaena Park
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Miyeon Hwang
- School of Bio-medical Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - ByeongHyeon Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital , Seoul 08308, South Korea
| | - Hyesun Jeong
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Korea University , Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jik-Han Jung
- Department of Bio and Brain Bioengineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyun Koo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital , Seoul 08308, South Korea
| | - Sunghoi Hong
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Korea University , Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Bioengineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yeonho Choi
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, South Korea.,School of Bio-medical Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, South Korea
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48
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May DH, Tamura K, Noble WS. Param-Medic: A Tool for Improving MS/MS Database Search Yield by Optimizing Parameter Settings. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1817-1824. [PMID: 28263070 PMCID: PMC5738039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In shotgun proteomics analysis, user-specified parameters are critical to database search performance and therefore to the yield of confident peptide-spectrum matches (PSMs). Two of the most important parameters are related to the accuracy of the mass spectrometer. Precursor mass tolerance defines the peptide candidates considered for each spectrum. Fragment mass tolerance or bin size determines how close observed and theoretical fragments must be to be considered a match. For either of these two parameters, too wide a setting yields randomly high-scoring false PSMs, whereas too narrow a setting erroneously excludes true PSMs, in both cases, lowering the yield of peptides detected at a given false discovery rate. We describe a strategy for inferring optimal search parameters by assembling and analyzing pairs of spectra that are likely to have been generated by the same peptide ion to infer precursor and fragment mass error. This strategy does not rely on a database search, making it usable in a wide variety of settings. In our experiments on data from a variety of instruments including Orbitrap and Q-TOF acquisitions, this strategy yields more high-confidence PSMs than using settings based on instrument defaults or determined by experts. Param-Medic is open-source and cross-platform. It is available as a standalone tool ( http://noble.gs.washington.edu/proj/param-medic/ ) and has been integrated into the Crux proteomics toolkit ( http://crux.ms ), providing automatic parameter selection for the Comet and Tide search engines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon H May
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kaipo Tamura
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - William S Noble
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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49
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An M, Lohse I, Tan Z, Zhu J, Wu J, Kurapati H, Morgan MA, Lawrence TS, Cuneo KC, Lubman DM. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Serum Exosomes from Patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1763-1772. [PMID: 28240915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA. Despite extensive research, minimal improvements in patient outcomes have been achieved. Early identification of treatment response and metastasis would be valuable to determine the appropriate therapeutic course for patients. In this work, we isolated exosomes from the serum of 10 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer at serial time points over a course of therapy, and quantitative analysis was performed using the iTRAQ method. We detected approximately 700-800 exosomal proteins per sample, several of which have been implicated in metastasis and treatment resistance. We compared the exosomal proteome of patients at different time points during treatment to healthy controls and identified eight proteins that show global treatment-specific changes. We then tested the effect of patient-derived exosomes on the migration of tumor cells and found that patient-derived exosomes, but not healthy controls, induce cell migration, supporting their role in metastasis. Our data show that exosomes can be reliably extracted from patient serum and analyzed for protein content. The differential loading of exosomes during a course of therapy suggests that exosomes may provide novel insights into the development of treatment resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui An
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ines Lohse
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhijing Tan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Himabindu Kurapati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Meredith A Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kyle C Cuneo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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50
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Mateescu B, Kowal EJK, van Balkom BWM, Bartel S, Bhattacharyya SN, Buzás EI, Buck AH, de Candia P, Chow FWN, Das S, Driedonks TAP, Fernández-Messina L, Haderk F, Hill AF, Jones JC, Van Keuren-Jensen KR, Lai CP, Lässer C, Liegro ID, Lunavat TR, Lorenowicz MJ, Maas SLN, Mäger I, Mittelbrunn M, Momma S, Mukherjee K, Nawaz M, Pegtel DM, Pfaffl MW, Schiffelers RM, Tahara H, Théry C, Tosar JP, Wauben MHM, Witwer KW, Nolte-'t Hoen ENM. Obstacles and opportunities in the functional analysis of extracellular vesicle RNA - an ISEV position paper. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1286095. [PMID: 28326170 PMCID: PMC5345583 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1286095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of RNA-containing extracellular vesicles (EV) into the extracellular milieu has been demonstrated in a multitude of different in vitro cell systems and in a variety of body fluids. RNA-containing EV are in the limelight for their capacity to communicate genetically encoded messages to other cells, their suitability as candidate biomarkers for diseases, and their use as therapeutic agents. Although EV-RNA has attracted enormous interest from basic researchers, clinicians, and industry, we currently have limited knowledge on which mechanisms drive and regulate RNA incorporation into EV and on how RNA-encoded messages affect signalling processes in EV-targeted cells. Moreover, EV-RNA research faces various technical challenges, such as standardisation of EV isolation methods, optimisation of methodologies to isolate and characterise minute quantities of RNA found in EV, and development of approaches to demonstrate functional transfer of EV-RNA in vivo. These topics were discussed at the 2015 EV-RNA workshop of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. This position paper was written by the participants of the workshop not only to give an overview of the current state of knowledge in the field, but also to clarify that our incomplete knowledge – of the nature of EV(-RNA)s and of how to effectively and reliably study them – currently prohibits the implementation of gold standards in EV-RNA research. In addition, this paper creates awareness of possibilities and limitations of currently used strategies to investigate EV-RNA and calls for caution in interpretation of the obtained data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Mateescu
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zürich) , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Emma J K Kowal
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Bas W M van Balkom
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, UMC Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Bartel
- Experimental Asthma Research, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Borstel , Germany
| | - Suvendra N Bhattacharyya
- Department of Science and Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Kolkata , India
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Amy H Buck
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | | | - Franklin W N Chow
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Tom A P Driedonks
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | | | - Franziska Haderk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Australia
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Molecular Immunogenetics & Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, NCI , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | | | - Charles P Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Italia di Liegro
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BIONEC), University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Taral R Lunavat
- Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magdalena J Lorenowicz
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht & Regenerative Medicine Center , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maria Mittelbrunn
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital 12 de Octubre , Madrid , Spain
| | - Stefan Momma
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt University Medical School , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- Department of Science and Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Kolkata , India
| | - Muhammed Nawaz
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - D Michiel Pegtel
- Department of Pathology, Exosomes Research Group, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Weihenstephan , Freising , Germany
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Laboratory Clinical Chemistry & Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932 , Paris , France
| | - Juan Pablo Tosar
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Nuclear Research Center, Faculty of Science, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology and Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Esther N M Nolte-'t Hoen
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
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