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Chen Y, Xie B, Hu Y, Sun J, Xu J, Shen Y, Zhu Y, Song X. Transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 circumvents oxidative stress in primary human melanocytes. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13772. [PMID: 38899729 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) serves as a pivotal reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensor in cells, which is implicated in the regulation of autophagy. However, its function in melanocyte autophagy under oxidative stress remains elusive. METHODS The expression and ion channel function of TRPML1 were investigated using immunofluorescence and calcium imaging in primary human melanocytes (MCs). After activating TRPML1 with MLSA1 (TRPML1 agonist), autophagy-related molecules were investigated via western blot. ROS level, apoptosis- and autophagy-related molecules were investigated after pretreatment with MLSA1. After interference with TRPML1 expression, mitochondrial structures were visualized by electron microscopy with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)treatment. RESULTS TRPML1 was expressed and functionally active in primary human MCs, and its activation promotes elevated expression of LC3-II and reduced apoptosis and ROS levels under oxidative stress. TRPML1 downregulation caused mitochondrial swelling and disruption of cristae structures under oxidative stress in primary human MCs. CONCLUSIONS TRPML1 might mediate lysosomal autophagy in primary human MCs under oxidative stress, participating in mechanisms that maintain the oxidative and antioxidant systems in balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yebei Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Nadezhdin KD, Neuberger A, Khosrof LS, Talyzina IA, Khau J, Yelshanskaya MV, Sobolevsky AI. TRPV3 activation by different agonists accompanied by lipid dissociation from the vanilloid site. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2453. [PMID: 38691614 PMCID: PMC11062575 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
TRPV3 represents both temperature- and ligand-activated transient receptor potential (TRP) channel. Physiologically relevant opening of TRPV3 channels by heat has been captured structurally, while opening by agonists has only been observed in structures of mutant channels. Here, we present cryo-EM structures that illuminate opening and inactivation of wild-type human TRPV3 in response to binding of two types of agonists: either the natural cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) or synthetic agonist 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB). We found that THCV binds to the vanilloid site, while 2-APB binds to the S1-S4 base and ARD-TMD linker sites. Despite binding to distally located sites, both agonists induce similar pore opening and cause dissociation of a lipid that occupies the vanilloid site in their absence. Our results uncover different but converging allosteric pathways through which small-molecule agonists activate TRPV3 and provide a framework for drug design and understanding the role of lipids in ion channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill D. Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lena S. Khosrof
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina A. Talyzina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Khau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria V. Yelshanskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Albrecht PJ, Liu Y, Houk G, Ruggiero B, Banov D, Dockum M, Day A, Rice FL, Bassani G. Cutaneous targets for topical pain medications in patients with neuropathic pain: individual differential expression of biomarkers supports the need for personalized medicine. Pain Rep 2024; 9:e1119. [PMID: 38375092 PMCID: PMC10876238 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous potential cutaneous targets exist for treating chronic pain with topically applied active pharmaceutical ingredients. This preliminary human skin tissue investigation was undertaken to characterize several key biomarkers in keratinocytes and provide proof-of-principle data to support clinical development of topical compounded formulations for peripheral neuropathic pain syndromes, such as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Objectives The study intended to identify objective biomarkers in PHN skin on a patient-by-patient personalized medicine platform. The totality of biopsy biomarker data can provide a tissue basis for directing individualized compounded topical preparations to optimize treatment efficacy. Methods Referencing 5 of the most common actives used in topical pain relief formulations (ketamine, gabapentin, clonidine, baclofen, and lidocaine), and 3 well-established cutaneous mediators (ie, neuropeptides, cannabinoids, and vanilloids), comprehensive immunolabeling was used to quantify receptor biomarkers in skin biopsy samples taken from ipsilateral (pain) and contralateral (nonpain) dermatomes of patients with PHN. Results Epidermal keratinocyte labeling patterns were significantly different among the cohort for each biomarker, consistent with potential mechanisms of action among keratinocytes. Importantly, the total biomarker panel indicates that the enriched PHN cohort contains distinct subgroups. Conclusion The heterogeneity of the cohort differences may explain studies that have not shown statistical group benefit from topically administered compounded therapies. Rather, the essential need for individual tissue biomarker evaluations is evident, particularly as a means to direct a more accurately targeted topical personalized medicine approach and generate positive clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Liu
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA), Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Houk
- Integrated Tissue Dynamics, LLC (INTiDYN), Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Beth Ruggiero
- Integrated Tissue Dynamics, LLC (INTiDYN), Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Banov
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marilyn Dockum
- Integrated Tissue Dynamics, LLC (INTiDYN), Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - A.J. Day
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frank L. Rice
- Integrated Tissue Dynamics, LLC (INTiDYN), Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Gus Bassani
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA), Houston, TX, USA
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4
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Bonsignore G, Martinotti S, Ranzato E. Wound Repair and Ca 2+ Signalling Interplay: The Role of Ca 2+ Channels in Skin. Cells 2024; 13:491. [PMID: 38534335 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of wound healing is intricate and tightly controlled, involving a number of different cellular and molecular processes. Numerous cellular functions, especially those related to wound healing, depend critically on calcium ions (Ca2+). Ca2+ channels are proteins involved in signal transduction and communication inside cells that allow calcium ions to pass through cell membranes. Key Ca2+ channel types involved in wound repair are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Bonsignore
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Simona Martinotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- SSD Laboratori di Ricerca-DAIRI, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elia Ranzato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- SSD Laboratori di Ricerca-DAIRI, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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5
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Hwang CD, Hoftiezer YAJ, Raasveld FV, Gomez-Eslava B, van der Heijden EPA, Jayakar S, Black BJ, Johnston BR, Wainger BJ, Renthal W, Woolf CJ, Eberlin KR. Biology and pathophysiology of symptomatic neuromas. Pain 2024; 165:550-564. [PMID: 37851396 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neuromas are a substantial cause of morbidity and reduction in quality of life. This is not only caused by a disruption in motor and sensory function from the underlying nerve injury but also by the debilitating effects of neuropathic pain resulting from symptomatic neuromas. A wide range of surgical and therapeutic modalities have been introduced to mitigate this pain. Nevertheless, no single treatment option has been successful in completely resolving the associated constellation of symptoms. While certain novel surgical techniques have shown promising results in reducing neuroma-derived and phantom limb pain, their effectiveness and the exact mechanism behind their pain-relieving capacities have not yet been defined. Furthermore, surgery has inherent risks, may not be suitable for many patients, and may yet still fail to relieve pain. Therefore, there remains a great clinical need for additional therapeutic modalities to further improve treatment for patients with devastating injuries that lead to symptomatic neuromas. However, the molecular mechanisms and genetic contributions behind the regulatory programs that drive neuroma formation-as well as the resulting neuropathic pain-remain incompletely understood. Here, we review the histopathological features of symptomatic neuromas, our current understanding of the mechanisms that favor neuroma formation, and the putative contributory signals and regulatory programs that facilitate somatic pain, including neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammatory peptides, cytokines, along with transient receptor potential, and ionotropic channels that suggest possible approaches and innovations to identify novel clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Hwang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yannick Albert J Hoftiezer
- Hand and Arm Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Floris V Raasveld
- Hand and Arm Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Gomez-Eslava
- Hand and Arm Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - E P A van der Heijden
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Den Bosch, the Netherlands
| | - Selwyn Jayakar
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bryan James Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin R Johnston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian J Wainger
- Departments of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kyle R Eberlin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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Coelho MP, Duarte P, Calado M, Almeida AJ, Reis CP, Gaspar MM. The current role of cannabis and cannabinoids in health: A comprehensive review of their therapeutic potential. Life Sci 2023; 329:121838. [PMID: 37290668 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increased interest of the scientific community in cannabis and its constituents for therapeutic purposes. Although it is believed that cannabinoids can be effective for a few different conditions and syndromes, there are little objective data that clearly support the use of cannabis, cannabis extracts or even cannabidiol (CBD) oil. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids for the treatment of several diseases. A broad search covering the past five years, was performed in PubMed and ClinicalTrial.gov databases, to identify papers focusing on the use of medical phytocannabinoids in terms of tolerability, efficacy and safety. Accordingly, there are preclinical data supporting the use of phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids for the management of neurological pathologies, acute and chronical pain, cancer, psychiatric disorders and chemotherapy-induced emetic symptoms. However, regarding the clinical trials, most of the collected data do not fully support the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of such conditions. Consequently, more studies are still needed to clarify ascertain if the use of these compounds is useful in the management of different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pinto Coelho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Duarte
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Calado
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António J Almeida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; IBEB, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - M Manuela Gaspar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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García-Rodríguez C, Mujica P, Illanes-González J, López A, Vargas C, Sáez JC, González-Jamett A, Ardiles ÁO. Probenecid, an Old Drug with Potential New Uses for Central Nervous System Disorders and Neuroinflammation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1516. [PMID: 37371611 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Probenecid is an old uricosuric agent used in clinics to treat gout and reduce the renal excretion of antibiotics. In recent years, probenecid has gained attention due to its ability to interact with membrane proteins such as TRPV2 channels, organic anion transporters, and pannexin 1 hemichannels, which suggests new potential therapeutic utilities in medicine. Some current functions of probenecid include their use as an adjuvant to increase the bioavailability of several drugs in the Central Nervous System (CNS). Numerous studies also suggest that this drug has important neuroprotective, antiepileptic, and anti-inflammatory properties, as evidenced by their effect against neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. In these studies, the use of probenecid as a Panx1 hemichannel blocker to reduce neuroinflammation is highlighted since neuroinflammation is a major trigger for diverse CNS alterations. Although the clinical use of probenecid has declined over the years, advances in its use in preclinical research indicate that it may be useful to improve conventional therapies in the psychiatric field where the drugs used have a low bioavailability, either because of a deficient passage through the blood-brain barrier or a high efflux from the CNS or also a high urinary clearance. This review summarizes the history, pharmacological properties, and recent research uses of probenecid and discusses its future projections as a potential pharmacological strategy to intervene in neurodegeneration as an outcome of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia García-Rodríguez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Paula Mujica
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Javiera Illanes-González
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Araceli López
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Camilo Vargas
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Arlek González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Álvaro O Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2540064, Chile
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8
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Martins MS, Almeida IF, Cruz MT, Sousa E. Chronic pruritus: from pathophysiology to drug design. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115568. [PMID: 37116666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Pruritus, the most common symptom in dermatology, is an innate response capable of protecting skin against irritants. Nonetheless, when it lasts more than six weeks it is assumed to be a chronic pathology having a negative impact on people's lives. Chronic pruritus (CP) can occur in common and rare skin diseases, having a high prevalence in global population. The existing therapies are unable to counteract CP or are associated with adverse effects, so the development of effective treatments is a pressing issue. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CP are not yet completely dissected but, based on current knowledge, involve a wide range of receptors, namely neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), Janus kinase (JAK), and transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels, especially transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). This review will address the relevance of these molecular targets for the treatment of CP and molecules capable of modulating these receptors that have already been studied clinically or have the potential to possibly alleviate this pathology. According to scientific and clinical literature, there is an increase in the expression of these molecular targets in the lesioned skin of patients experiencing CP when compared with non-lesioned skin, highlighting their importance for the development of potential efficacious drugs through the design of antagonists/inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia S Martins
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaobel F Almeida
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria T Cruz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Cannabis sativa: A look at protozoa, helminths, insect vectors, and pests. Fitoterapia 2023; 166:105467. [PMID: 36893925 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Active principles extracted from plants, such as essential oils, have been commonly described in the literature as therapeutic targets for numerous pathological conditions. Cannabis sativa, which has an ancient and peculiar history, has been used for various purposes, from recreational to compounds of pharmacotherapeutic and industrial importance, such as pesticides based on this plant. It is a plant that contains approximately 500 described cannabinoid compounds and is the target of in vitro and in vivo studies at different locations. This review clarifies the role of cannabinoid compounds in parasitic infections caused by helminths and protozoa. In addition, this study briefly presented the use of C. sativa constituents in the formulation of pesticides for vector control, as the latter topic is justified by the economic burden faced by several regions where vector-borne diseases are a troubling reality. Studies involving cannabis compounds with pesticidal potential should be encouraged, especially those that evaluate their effectiveness against the different life cycles of insects, seeking to interrupt vector proliferation after egg laying. Actions aimed at the management and cultivation of plant species with ecologically correct pharmacotherapeutic and pesticide potentials are becoming urgent.
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Vander Does A, Ju T, Mohsin N, Chopra D, Yosipovitch G. How to get rid of itching. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 243:108355. [PMID: 36739914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant sensation arising from a variety of dermatologic, neuropathic, systemic, and psychogenic etiologies. Various itch pathways are implicated according to the underlying etiology. A variety of pruritogens, or itch mediators, as well as receptors have been identified and provide potential therapeutic targets. Recent research has primarily focused on targeting inflammatory cytokines and Janus kinase signaling, protease-activated receptors, substance P and neurokinin, transient receptor potential-vanilloid ion channels, Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (MRGPRX2 and MRGPRX4), the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid balance, and phosphodiesterase 4. Periostin, a newly identified pruritogen, should be further explored with clinical trials. Drugs targeting neural sensitization including the gabergic system and P2X3 are other potential drugs for chronic itch. There is a need for more targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes and reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Vander Does
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Ju
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Noreen Mohsin
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Divya Chopra
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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11
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Swindell WR, Bojanowski K, Singh P, Randhawa M, Chaudhuri RK. Bakuchiol and ethyl (linoleate/oleate) synergistically modulate endocannabinoid tone in keratinocytes and repress inflammatory pathway mRNAs. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 3:100178. [PMID: 36992949 PMCID: PMC10041561 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays an active role in epidermal homeostasis. Phytocannabinoids such as cannabidiol modulate this system but also act through eCB-independent mechanisms. This study evaluated the effects of cannabidiol, bakuchiol (BAK), and ethyl (linoleate/oleate) (ELN) in keratinocytes and reconstituted human epidermis. Molecular docking simulations showed that each compound binds the active site of the eCB carrier FABP5. However, BAK and ethyl linoleate bound this site with the highest affinity when combined 1:1 (w/w), and in vitro assays showed that BAK + ELN most effectively inhibited FABP5 and fatty acid amide hydrolase. In TNF-stimulated keratinocytes, BAK + ELN reversed TNF-induced expression shifts and uniquely downregulated type I IFN genes and PTGS2 (COX2). BAK + ELN also repressed expression of genes linked to keratinocyte differentiation but upregulated those associated with proliferation. Finally, BAK + ELN inhibited cortisol secretion in reconstituted human epidermis skin (not observed with cannabidiol). These results support a model in which BAK and ELN synergistically interact to inhibit eCB degradation, favoring eCB mobilization and inhibition of downstream inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF, COX-2, type I IFN). A topical combination of these ingredients may thus enhance cutaneous eCB tone or potentiate other modulators, suggesting novel ways to modulate the eCB system for innovative skincare product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Correspondence: William R. Swindell, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5959 Harry Hines Boulevard, Ste 7.700, Dallas, Texas 75390-9175, USA.
| | | | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa
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Zouboulis CC, Coenye T, He L, Kabashima K, Kobayashi T, Niemann C, Nomura T, Oláh A, Picardo M, Quist SR, Sasano H, Schneider MR, Törőcsik D, Wong SY. Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029818. [PMID: 36439142 PMCID: PMC9686445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents several aspects of the innovative concept of sebaceous immunobiology, which summarizes the numerous activities of the sebaceous gland including its classical physiological and pathophysiological tasks, namely sebum production and the development of seborrhea and acne. Sebaceous lipids, which represent 90% of the skin surface lipids in adolescents and adults, are markedly involved in the skin barrier function and perifollicular and dermal innate immune processes, leading to inflammatory skin diseases. Innovative experimental techniques using stem cell and sebocyte models have clarified the roles of distinct stem cells in sebaceous gland physiology and sebocyte function control mechanisms. The sebaceous gland represents an integral part of the pilosebaceous unit and its status is connected to hair follicle morphogenesis. Interestingly, professional inflammatory cells contribute to sebocyte differentiation and homeostasis, whereas the regulation of sebaceous gland function by immune cells is antigen-independent. Inflammation is involved in the very earliest differentiation changes of the pilosebaceous unit in acne. Sebocytes behave as potent immune regulators, integrating into the innate immune responses of the skin. Expressing inflammatory mediators, sebocytes also contribute to the polarization of cutaneous T cells towards the Th17 phenotype. In addition, the immune response of the perifollicular infiltrate depends on factors produced by the sebaceous glands, mostly sebaceous lipids. Human sebocytes in vitro express functional pattern recognition receptors, which are likely to interact with bacteria in acne pathogenesis. Sex steroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands, neuropeptides, endocannabinoids and a selective apoptotic process contribute to a complex regulation of sebocyte-induced immunological reaction in numerous acquired and congenital skin diseases, including hair diseases and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC Research Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mauro Picardo
- San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sven R. Quist
- Department of Dermatology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marlon R. Schneider
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen and ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sunny Y. Wong
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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13
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Ranjbar H, Soti M, Razavinasab M, Kohlmeier KA, Shabani M. The neglected role of endocannabinoid actions at TRPC channels in ataxia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104860. [PMID: 36087758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are highly expressed in cells of the cerebellum including in the dendrites and somas of Purkinje cells (PCs). Their endogenous activation promotes influx of Ca2+ and Na+, resulting in depolarization. TRP channels can be activated by endogenous endocannabinoids (eCBs) and activity of TRP channels has been shown to modulate GABA and glutamate transmission. Ataxia is caused by disruption of multiple intracellular pathways which often involve changes in Ca2+ homeostasis that can result in neural cellular dysfunction and cell death. Based on available literature, alteration of transmission of eCBs would be expected to change activity of cerebellar TRP channels. Antagonists of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) including enzymes which break eCBs down have been shown to result in reductions in postsynaptic excitatory activity mediated by TRPC channels. Further, TRPC channel antagonists could modulate both pre and postsynaptically-mediated glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission, resulting in reductions in cell death due to excitotoxicity and dysfunctions caused by abnormal inhibitory signaling. Accordingly, TRP channels, and in particular the TRPC channel, represent a potential therapeutic target for management of ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Ranjbar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Monavareh Soti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moazamehosadat Razavinasab
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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The Effects of Nutrient Signaling Regulators in Combination with Phytocannabinoids on the Senescence-Associated Phenotype in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158804. [PMID: 35955938 PMCID: PMC9368899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying effective anti-aging compounds is a cornerstone of modern longevity, aging, and skin-health research. There is considerable evidence of the effectiveness of nutrient signaling regulators such as metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin in longevity and anti-aging studies; however, their potential protective role in skin aging is controversial. In light of the increasing appearance of phytocannabinoids in beauty products without rigorous research on their rejuvenation efficacy, we decided to investigate the potential role of phytocannabinoids in combination with nutrient signaling regulators in skin rejuvenation. Utilizing CCD-1064Sk skin fibroblasts, the effect of metformin, triacetylresveratrol, and rapamycin combined with phytocannabinoids on cellular viability, functional activity, metabolic function, and nuclear architecture was tested. We found triacetylresveratrol combined with cannabidiol increased the viability of skin fibroblasts (p < 0.0001), restored wound-healing functional activity (p < 0.001), reduced metabolic dysfunction, and ameliorated nuclear eccentricity and circularity in senescent fibroblasts (p < 0.01). Conversely, metformin with or without phytocannabinoids did not show any beneficial effects on functional activity, while rapamycin inhibited cell viability (p < 0.01) and the speed of wound healing (p < 0.001). Therefore, triacetylresveratrol and cannabidiol can be a valuable source of biologically active substances used in aging and more studies using animals to confirm the efficacy of cannabidiol combined with triacetylresveratrol should be performed.
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Chiocchetti R, De Silva M, Aspidi F, Cunha RZ, Gobbo F, Tagliavia C, Sarli G, Morini M. Distribution of Cannabinoid Receptors in Keratinocytes of Healthy Dogs and Dogs With Atopic Dermatitis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:915896. [PMID: 35873682 PMCID: PMC9305491 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.915896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that some form of skin barrier dysfunction is present in canine atopic dermatitis (AD), one of the most common cutaneous pruritic inflammatory diseases of dogs. The impaired skin barrier function facilitates the penetration of allergens and subsequently stronger sensitization responses. The role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the physiology and pathology of the skin is becoming increasingly established. It has been demonstrated that cannabinoid receptors are expressed in healthy and diseased skin and, based on current knowledge, it could be stated that cannabinoids are important mediators in the skin. The present study has been designed to immunohistochemically investigate the expression of the cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and 2 (CB2R) and the cannabinoid-related receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα), and serotoninergic receptor 1a (5-HT1aR) in keratinocytes of healthy dogs and of dogs with AD. Samples of skin tissues were collected from 7 healthy controls (CTRL-dogs) and from 8 dogs with AD (AD-dogs). The tissue samples were processed using an immunofluorescence assay with commercially available antibodies, and the immunolabelling of the receptors studied was quantitatively evaluated. The keratinocytes of the CTRL- and the AD-dogs showed immunoreactivity for all the receptors investigated with a significant upregulation of CB2R, TRPA1, and 5-HT1aR in the epidermis of the AD-dogs. The presence of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors in healthy keratinocytes suggested the possible role of the ECS in canine epidermal homeostasis while their overexpression in the inflamed tissues of the AD-dogs suggested the involvement of the ECS in the pathogenesis of this disease, having a possible role in the related skin inflammation and itching. Based on the present findings, the ECS could be considered a potential therapeutic target for dogs with AD.
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16
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Martinelli G, Magnavacca A, Fumagalli M, DellʼAgli M, Piazza S, Sangiovanni E. Cannabis sativa and Skin Health: Dissecting the Role of Phytocannabinoids. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:492-506. [PMID: 33851375 DOI: 10.1055/a-1420-5780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of Cannabis sativa is currently recognized to ease certain types of chronic pain, reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea, and improve anxiety. Nevertheless, few studies highlighted the therapeutic potential of C. sativa extracts and related phytocannabinoids for a variety of widespread skin disorders including acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pruritus, and pain. This review summarized the current evidence on the effects of phytocannabinoids at the cutaneous level through the collection of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies published on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science until October 2020. Phytocannabinoids have demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-acne properties by various mechanisms involving either CB1/2-dependent and independent pathways. Not only classical immune cells, but also several skin-specific actors, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and sebocytes, may represent a target for phytocannabinoids. Cannabidiol, the most investigated compound, revealed photoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms at the cutaneous level, while the possible impact on cell differentiation, especially in the case of psoriasis, would require further investigation. Animal models and pilot clinical studies supported the application of cannabidiol in inflammatory-based skin diseases. Also, one of the most promising applications of non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids is the treatment of seborrheic disorders, especially acne. In conclusion, the incomplete knowledge of the role of the endocannabinoid system in skin disorders emerged as an important limit for pharmacological investigations. Moreover, the limited studies conducted on C. sativa extracts suggested a higher potency than single phytocannabinoids, thus stimulating new research on phytocannabinoid interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Magnavacca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario DellʼAgli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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17
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Makhakhe L. Topical cannabidiol (CBD) in skin pathology – A comprehensive review and prospects for new therapeutic opportunities. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2022; 64:e1-e4. [PMID: 35695447 PMCID: PMC9210160 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v64i1.5493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have utilised cannabis products in various forms throughout the recorded history. To date, more than 500 biologically active components have been identified in the plants of the Cannabis genus, amongst which more than 100 were classified as phytocannabinoids (exocannabinoids). The plant genus Cannabis is a member of the plant family Cannabaceae, and there are three primary cannabis species which vary in their biochemical constituents: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis. There has been a growing level of interest in research on the topical usage of a cannabis-based extract as a safer and more effective alternative to the usage of topical corticosteroids in treating some dermatoses. Together with the discovery of the cannabinoid receptors on the skin, it has been further illustrated that topical cannabis has anti-inflammatory, anti-itching, analgesics, wound healing and anti-proliferative effects on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehlohonolo Makhakhe
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; and, The South African Institute of Dermatology, Bloemfontein.
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18
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Effects of Rare Phytocannabinoids on the Endocannabinoid System of Human Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105430. [PMID: 35628241 PMCID: PMC9145865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The decriminalization and legalization of cannabis has paved the way for investigations into the potential of the use of phytocannabinoids (pCBs) as natural therapeutics for the treatment of human diseases. This growing interest has recently focused on rare (less abundant) pCBs that are non-psychotropic compounds, such as cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). Notably, pCBs can act via the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is involved in the regulation of key pathophysiological processes, and also in the skin. In this study, we used human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) as an in vitro model that expresses all major ECS elements in order to systematically investigate the effects of CBG, CBC, THCV and CBGA. To this end, we analyzed the gene and protein expression of ECS components (receptors: CB1, CB2, GPR55, TRPV1 and PPARα/γ/δ; enzymes: NAPE-PLD, FAAH, DAGLα/β and MAGL) using qRT-PCR and Western blotting, along with assessments of their functionality using radioligand binding and activity assays. In addition, we quantified the content of endocannabinoid(-like) compounds (AEA, 2-AG, PEA, etc.) using UHPLC-MS/MS. Our results demonstrated that rare pCBs modulate the gene and protein expression of distinct ECS elements differently, as well as the content of endocannabinoid(-like) compounds. Notably, they all increased CB1/2 binding, TRPV1 channel stimulation and FAAH and MAGL catalytic activity. These unprecedented observations should be considered when exploring the therapeutic potential of cannabis extracts for the treatment of human skin diseases.
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19
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Zhang Y, Miao Q, Shi S, Hao H, Li X, Pu Z, Yang Y, An H, Zhang W, Kong Y, Pang X, Gu C, Gamper N, Wu Y, Zhang H, Du X. Protein disulfide isomerase modulation of TRPV1 controls heat hyperalgesia in chronic pain. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110625. [PMID: 35385753 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) plays a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by mediating protein folding via catalyzing disulfide bond formation, breakage, and rearrangement in the endoplasmic reticulum. Increasing evidence suggests that PDI can be a potential treatment target for several diseases. However, the function of PDI in the peripheral sensory nervous system is unclear. Here we report the expression and secretion of PDI from primary sensory neurons is upregulated in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Deletion of PDI in nociceptive DRG neurons results in a reduction in inflammatory and neuropathic heat hyperalgesia. We demonstrate that secreted PDI activates TRPV1 channels through oxidative modification of extracellular cysteines of the channel, indicating that PDI acts as an unconventional positive modulator of TRPV1. These findings suggest that PDI in primary sensory neurons plays an important role in development of heat hyperalgesia and can be a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Handan, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, Hebei, China
| | - Han Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xinmeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zeyao Pu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yakun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hailong An
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Youzhen Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xu Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cunyang Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Nikita Gamper
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - Yi Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiaona Du
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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20
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Sivesind TE, Maghfour J, Rietcheck H, Kamel K, Malik AS, Dellavalle RP. Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Dermatologic Conditions. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100095. [PMID: 35199092 PMCID: PMC8841811 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cannabinoid (CB) products have gained popularity among the public. The anti-inflammatory properties of CBs have piqued the interest of researchers and clinicians because they represent promising avenues for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory skin disorders that may be refractory to conventional therapy. The objective of this study was to review the existing literature regarding CBs for dermatologic conditions. A primary literature search was conducted in October 2020, using the PubMed and Embase databases, for all articles published from 1965 to October 2020. Review articles, studies using animal models, and nondermatologic and pharmacologic studies were excluded. From 248 nonduplicated studies, 26 articles were included. There were 13 articles on systemic CBs and 14 reports on topical CBs. Selective CB receptor type 2 agonists were found to be effective in treating diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis. Dronabinol showed efficacy for trichotillomania. Sublingual cannabidiol and Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol were successful in treating the pain associated with epidermolysis bullosa. Available evidence suggests that CBs may be effective for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders. Although promising, additional research is necessary to evaluate efficacy and to determine dosing, safety, and long-term treatment guidelines.
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Key Words
- 2-AG, 2-arachidonoylglycerol
- ACR-CRISS, American College of Rheumatology-combined response index in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
- AEA, anandamide
- CB, cannabinoid
- CB1R, cannabinoid receptor 1
- CB2R, cannabinoid receptor 2
- CBD, cannabidiol
- CDASI, cutaneous dermatomyositis disease area and severity index
- DM, dermatomyositis
- ECS, endocannabinoid system
- KC, keratinocyte
- MRSS, modified Rodnan skin thickness score
- N-PEA, N-palmitoylethanolamide
- QOLHEQ, Quality of Life Hand Eczema Questionnaire
- RCT, randomized controlled trial
- SSc, systemic sclerosis
- VAS, Visual Analog Score
- Δ9-THC, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn E. Sivesind
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jalal Maghfour
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Care, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Hope Rietcheck
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kevin Kamel
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ali S. Malik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert P. Dellavalle
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Mahmoudinoodezh H, Telukutla SR, Bhangu SK, Bachari A, Cavalieri F, Mantri N. The Transdermal Delivery of Therapeutic Cannabinoids. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020438. [PMID: 35214170 PMCID: PMC8876728 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, several studies have indicated an increased interest in the scientific community regarding the application of Cannabis sativa plants, and their extracts, for medicinal purposes. This plant of enormous medicinal potential has been legalised in an increasing number of countries globally. Due to the recent changes in therapeutic and recreational legislation, cannabis and cannabinoids are now frequently permitted for use in clinical settings. However, with their highly lipophilic features and very low aqueous solubility, cannabinoids are prone to degradation, specifically in solution, as they are light-, temperature-, and auto-oxidation-sensitive. Thus, plant-derived cannabinoids have been developed for oral, nasal-inhalation, intranasal, mucosal (sublingual and buccal), transcutaneous (transdermal), local (topical), and parenteral deliveries. Among these administrations routes, topical and transdermal products usually have a higher bioavailability rate with a prolonged steady-state plasma concentration. Additionally, these administrations have the potential to eliminate the psychotropic impacts of the drug by its diffusion into a nonreactive, dead stratum corneum. This modality avoids oral administration and, thus, the first-pass metabolism, leading to constant cannabinoid plasma levels. This review article investigates the practicality of delivering therapeutic cannabinoids via skin in accordance with existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Mahmoudinoodezh
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (H.M.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Telukutla
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (H.M.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Ava Bachari
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (H.M.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (H.M.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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O’Brien K. Cannabidiol (CBD) in Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040885. [PMID: 35205633 PMCID: PMC8869992 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main constituents of the plant Cannabis sativa. Surveys suggest that medicinal cannabis is popular amongst people diagnosed with cancer. CBD is one of the key constituents of cannabis, and does not have the potentially intoxicating effects that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the other key phytocannabinoid has. Research indicates the CBD may have potential for the treatment of cancer, including the symptoms and signs associated with cancer and its treatment. Preclinical research suggests CBD may address many of the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. Preclinical and clinical research also suggests some evidence of efficacy, alone or in some cases in conjunction with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the other key phytocannabinoid in cannabis), in treating cancer-associated pain, anxiety and depression, sleep problems, nausea and vomiting, and oral mucositis that are associated with cancer and/or its treatment. Studies also suggest that CBD may enhance orthodox treatments with chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy and protect against neural and organ damage. CBD shows promise as part of an integrative approach to the management of cancer. Abstract The plant Cannabis sativa has been in use medicinally for several thousand years. It has over 540 metabolites thought to be responsible for its therapeutic effects. Two of the key phytocannabinoids are cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Unlike THC, CBD does not have potentially intoxicating effects. Preclinical and clinical research indicates that CBD has a wide range of therapeutic effects, and many of them are relevant to the management of cancer. In this article, we explore some of the potential mechanisms of action of CBD in cancer, and evidence of its efficacy in the integrative management of cancer including the side effects associated with its treatment, demonstrating its potential for integration with orthodox cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie O’Brien
- Adelaide Campus, Torrens University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- NICM Health Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Releaf Group Ltd., St Kilda, VIC 3182, Australia
- International College of Cannabinoid Medicine, iccm.co, London N1 7GU, UK
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Junaid MSA, Tijani AO, Puri A, Banga AK. In vitro percutaneous absorption studies of cannabidiol using human skin: Exploring the effect of drug concentration, chemical enhancers, and essential oils. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121540. [PMID: 35124116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive constituent of cannabis, has garnered much attention after United States Food and Drug Administration approved Epidiolex® for oral use. Although therapeutic effect of cannabidiol after systemic absorption has been investigated extensively, its therapeutic potential in treating skin disorders after local delivery still needs further exploration. Our study has investigated the effect of cannabidiol concentration, chemical enhancers, and essential oils on percutaneous absorption of cannabidiol. In vitro permeation tests were conducted on human skin. The 24 h study results suggest no significant difference in amount of drug absorbed into skin, between 5% (242.41 ± 12.17 µg/cm2) and 10% (232.79 ± 20.82 cm2) cannabidiol solutions. However, 1% delivered (23.02 ± 4.74 µg/cm2) significantly lower amount of drug into skin than 5% and 10%. Transcutol and isopropyl myristate did not enhance delivery of cannabidiol. However, oleic acid was found to be useful as chemical enhancer. Oleic acid (43.07 ± 10.11 µg/cm2) had significantly higher cannabidiol delivery into skin than the group without oleic acid (10.98 ± 3.40 µg/cm2) after a 4 h in vitro permeation study. Essential oils at concentrations tested had lower total cannabidiol delivery when compared to control. This study's findings will help guide future research on the pharmacological effect of percutaneously delivered cannabidiol on inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shajid Ashraf Junaid
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Akeemat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Ajay K Banga
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Venkatakrishna K, Sundeep K, Sudeep HV, Gouthamchandra K, Shyamprasad K. ViphyllinTM, a Standardized Black Pepper Seed Extract Exerts Antinociceptive Effects in Murine Pain Models via Activation of Cannabinoid Receptor CB2, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Alpha and TRPV1 Ion Channels. J Pain Res 2022; 15:355-366. [PMID: 35153513 PMCID: PMC8827412 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s351513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuppam Sundeep
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560 105, Karnataka, India
| | - Heggar Venkataramana Sudeep
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560 105, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: Heggar Venkataramana Sudeep, Tel +91 80-42094158, Email
| | | | - Kodimule Shyamprasad
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560 105, Karnataka, India
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25
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Rayff da Silva P, do Nascimento Gonzaga TKS, Maia RE, Araújo da Silva B. Ionic Channels as Potential Targets for the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1834-1849. [PMID: 34370640 PMCID: PMC9886809 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210809102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition that directly affects brain functions and can culminate in delayed intellectual development, problems in verbal communication, difficulties in social interaction, and stereotyped behaviors. Its etiology reveals a genetic basis that can be strongly influenced by socio-environmental factors. Ion channels controlled by ligand voltage-activated calcium, sodium, and potassium channels may play important roles in modulating sensory and cognitive responses, and their dysfunctions may be closely associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD. This is due to ionic flow, which is of paramount importance to maintaining physiological conditions in the central nervous system and triggers action potentials, gene expression, and cell signaling. However, since ASD is a multifactorial disease, treatment is directed only to secondary symptoms. Therefore, this research aims to gather evidence concerning the principal pathophysiological mechanisms involving ion channels in order to recognize their importance as therapeutic targets for the treatment of central and secondary ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bagnólia Araújo da Silva
- Address correspondence to this author at the Postgraduate Program in Natural Synthetic and Bioactive Products, Heath Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba - Campus I, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Tel: ++55-83-99352-5595; E-mail:
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26
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Wu H, Niu C, Qu Y, Sun X, Wang K. Selective activation of TRPA1 ion channels by nitrobenzene skin sensitizers DNFB and DNCB. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101555. [PMID: 34973335 PMCID: PMC8800105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) are well known as skin sensitizers that can cause dermatitis. DNFB has shown to more potently sensitize skin; however, how DNFB and DNCB cause skin inflammation at a molecular level and why this difference in their sensitization ability is observed remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify the molecular targets and mechanisms on which DNFB and DNCB act. We used a fluorescent calcium imaging plate reader in an initial screening assay before patch-clamp recordings for validation. Molecular docking in combination with site-directed mutagenesis was then carried out to investigate DNFB and DNCB binding sites in the TRPA1 ion channel that may be selectively activated by these tow sensitizers. We found that DNFB and DNCB selectively activated TRPA1 channel with EC50 values of 2.3 ± 0.7 μM μM and 42.4 ± 20.9 μM, respectively. Single-channel recordings revealed that DNFB and DNCB increase the probability of channel opening and acts on three residues (C621, E625 and Y658) critical for TRPA1 activation. Our findings may not only help explain the molecular mechanism underlying the dermatitis and pruritus caused by chemicals like DNFB and DNCB, but also provide a molecular tool 7.5-fold more potent than the current TRPA1 activator allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) used for investigating TRPA1 channel pharmacology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, #1 Ningde Road, Qingdao 266073
| | - Canyang Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, #1 Ningde Road, Qingdao 266073
| | - Yaxuan Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, #1 Ningde Road, Qingdao 266073
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, #1 Ningde Road, Qingdao 266073; Institue of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, #1 Ningde Road, Qingdao 266073; Institue of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China.
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D'Andre S, McAllister S, Nagi J, Giridhar KV, Ruiz-Macias E, Loprinzi C. Topical Cannabinoids for Treating Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy: A Case Series. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211061739. [PMID: 34841942 PMCID: PMC8646190 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211061739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common and often severe side effect from many chemotherapeutic agents, with limited treatment options. There is no literature on the use of topical cannabinoids for chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. CASE PRESENTATIONS The current manuscript presents a case series of patients presenting in oncology clinics at Sutter Health, CA and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN from April 2019 to December 2020 with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy who used topical creams containing the cannabinoids delta-nine-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD). CONCLUSIONS This case series suggests that topical cannabinoids may be helpful for patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. This paper also discusses the potential mechanisms of action by which topical cannabinoids might alleviate established CIPN symptoms. A randomized placebo-controlled trial using a standardized product is planned to study the actual efficacy of such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D'Andre
- Sutter Institute for Medical Research, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sean McAllister
- Sutter California Pacific Medical Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jasdeepa Nagi
- Sutter Institute for Medical Research, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Abstract
As the world's population ages, the treatment of osteoporosis is a major problem to be addressed. The cause of osteoporosis remains unclear. Ca2+ is not only an important component of bones but also plays a key role in osteoporosis treatment. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels are one of the TRP channel families that is widely distributed in various organs, playing an important role in the physiological regulation of the human body. Bone formation and bone absorption may require Ca2+ transport via TRPV channels. It has been proven that the TRPV subtypes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 (TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPV5, TRPV6) may affect bone metabolism balance through selective regulation of Ca2+. They significantly regulate osteoblast/osteoclast proliferation, differentiation and function. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms of TRPV channels involved in regulation of the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as to discuss the latest developments in current researches, which may provide new clues and directions for an in-depth study of osteoporosis and other related bone metabolic diseases.
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29
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Garbutcheon-Singh KB, Smith SD. Cannabinoids interaction with transient receptor potential family and implications in the treatment of rosacea. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e15162. [PMID: 34664381 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the recent interest in medical marijuana, research into cannabinoids is regaining wider attention. Cannabinoids are collectively a group of active compounds that can be produced by animals (endocannabinoids), plants (phytocannabinoids), or synthetically. By acting on a number of different receptors like cannabinoids receptors and transient receptor potential ion channel family, cannabinoids are known to modulate cutaneous inflammation, pain, and itch. Rosacea is a highly prevalent disease and can be associated with a significant degree of morbidity associated with its symptom. Transient receptor potential ion channels are known to be triggered in rosacea and may underlie a portion of rosacea's pathophysiology. This article aims to detail the transient receptor potential channel pathways in rosacea and the known effects of cannabinoids on these pathways and further discussing the potential role of cannabinoids in treating rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saxon D Smith
- The Dermatology and Skin Cancer Centre, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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30
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Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. plant is currently attracting increasing interest in cosmetics and dermatology. In this review, the biologically active compounds of hemp are discussed. Particularly the complex interactions of cannabinoids with the endocannabinoid system of the skin to treat various conditions (such as acne, allergic contact dermatitis, melanoma, and psoriasis) with clinical data. Moreover, the properties of some cannabinoids make them candidates as cosmetic actives for certain skin types. Hemp seed oil and its minor bioactive compounds such as terpenes, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phytosterols are also discussed for their added value in cosmetic formulation.
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31
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Wang M, Sun Y, Li L, Wu P, Dkw O, Shi H. Calcium Channels: Noteworthy Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Dermatological Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:702264. [PMID: 34489697 PMCID: PMC8418299 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.702264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional skin barrier and impaired skin homeostasis may lead to or aggravate a series of dermatologic diseases. A large variety of biological events and bioactive molecules are involved in the process of skin wound healing and functional recovery. Calcium ions (Ca2+) released from intracellular stores as well as influx through plasma membrane are essential to skin function. Growing evidence suggests that calcium influx is mainly regulated by calcium-sensing receptors and channels, including voltage-gated, transient potential receptor, store-operated, and receptor-operated calcium channels, which not only maintain cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, but also participate in cell proliferation and skin cell homeostasis through Ca2+-sensitive proteins such as calmodulin (CaM). Furthermore, distinct types of Ca2+ channels not merely work separately, they may work concertedly to regulate cell function. In this review, we discussed different calcium-sensing receptors and channels, including voltage-gated, transient receptor potential, store-operated, and receptor-operated calcium channels, particularly focusing on their regulatory functions and inherent interactions as well as calcium channels-related reagents and drugs, which is expected to bridge basic research and clinical applications in dermatologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yaoxiang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Linli Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ocansey Dkw
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Boczek T, Zylinska L. Receptor-Dependent and Independent Regulation of Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Channels and Ca 2+-Permeable Channels by Endocannabinoids in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158168. [PMID: 34360934 PMCID: PMC8348342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of specific populations of neurons in different brain areas makes decisions regarding proper synaptic transmission, the ability to make adaptations in response to different external signals, as well as the triggering of specific regulatory pathways to sustain neural function. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) appears to be a very important, highly expressed, and active system of control in the central nervous system (CNS). Functionally, it allows the cells to respond quickly to processes that occur during synaptic transmission, but can also induce long-term changes. The endocannabinoids (eCBs) belong to a large family of bioactive lipid mediators that includes amides, esters, and ethers of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are produced “on demand” from the precursors located in the membranes, exhibit a short half-life, and play a key role as retrograde messengers. eCBs act mainly through two receptors, CB1R and CB2R, which belong to the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily (GPCRs), but can also exert their action via multiple non-receptor pathways. The action of eCBs depends on Ca2+, but eCBs can also regulate downstream Ca2+ signaling. In this short review, we focus on the regulation of neuronal calcium channels by the most effective members of eCBs-2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA) and originating from AEA-N-arachidonoylglycine (NAGly), to better understand the contribution of ECS to brain function under physiological conditions.
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Graczyk M, Lewandowska AA, Dzierżanowski T. The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154551. [PMID: 34361704 PMCID: PMC8347461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant growth of interest in cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.), especially its natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, has been observed recently. This narrative review aimed to present the state of the art of research concerning the anti-inflammatory activity of all classes of cannabinoids published in the last five years. Multimodal properties of cannabinoids include their involvement in immunological processes, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. Cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid compounds of cannabis proved their anti-inflammatory effects in numerous animal models. The research in humans is missing, and the results are unconvincing. Although preclinical evidence suggests cannabinoids are of value in treating chronic inflammatory diseases, the clinical evidence is scarce, and further well-designed clinical trials are essential to determine the prospects for using cannabinoids in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Graczyk
- Department of Palliative Care, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | | | - Tomasz Dzierżanowski
- Laboratory of Palliative Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Correia-Sá I, Carvalho C, A Machado V, Carvalho S, Serrão P, Marques M, Vieira-Coelho MA. Targeting cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) limits collagen production-An in vitro study in a primary culture of human fibroblasts. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:89-99. [PMID: 34259358 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor is involved in skin inflammation, fibrogenesis and re-epithelialization in mice, indicating that this receptor may be implicated in wound healing. Thus, topical use of cannabinoids may have a role in local fibrotic and wound healing diseases such as scars or keloids. We investigate the effect of the CB2 selective receptor agonist (6aR,10aR)-3-(1,1-Dimethylbutyl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran (JWH133) and the CB2 selective receptor antagonist (6-Iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl)(4-methoxyphenyl)-methanone (AM630), on primary cultures of human fibroblasts. Primary cultures of adult human fibroblasts were obtained from abdominal human skin samples. Fibroblasts pretreated with JWH133 and/or AM630 were stimulated with TGF-β (10 ng/ml). Fibroblast activation into myofibroblasts was quantified by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) using Immunocytochemistry and Western Blot assays. Collagen content was quantified with the Sirius red staining assay. Upon human fibroblasts stimulation with TGF-β, a significant increase on α-SMA and CB2 receptor expression was observed. In these cells, JWH133 decreased α-SMA expression and collagen content. However, this effect was not observed in resting human fibroblasts. AM630 decreased α-SMA expression and collagen content in both resting and activated fibroblasts. This effect was time- and concentration-dependent with an IC50 value of 11 μM. The CB2 receptor appears to be involved in fibroblast repair during skin wound healing in humans, as TGF-β increases CB2 receptor expression and JWH133 produces an anti-fibrotic effect in human fibroblasts. AM630 also showed an anti-fibrotic effect hypothesizing that other cannabinoid receptors, such as TRPV, may be involved in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Correia-Sá
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine-Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Carvalho
- Department of Biomedicine-Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera A Machado
- Department of Biomedicine-Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Carvalho
- Department of Biomedicine-Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Serrão
- Department of Biomedicine-Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Marques
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria A Vieira-Coelho
- Department of Biomedicine-Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
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35
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Ahmed I, Rehman SU, Shahmohamadnejad S, Zia MA, Ahmad M, Saeed MM, Akram Z, Iqbal HMN, Liu Q. Therapeutic Attributes of Endocannabinoid System against Neuro-Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders. Molecules 2021; 26:3389. [PMID: 34205169 PMCID: PMC8199938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, various sites like cannabinoid receptors (CBR) having a binding affinity with cannabinoids are distributed on the surface of different cell types, where endocannabinoids (ECs) and derivatives of fatty acid can bind. The binding of these substance(s) triggers the activation of specific receptors required for various physiological functions, including pain sensation, memory, and appetite. The ECs and CBR perform multiple functions via the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1); cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), having a key effect in restraining neurotransmitters and the arrangement of cytokines. The role of cannabinoids in the immune system is illustrated because of their immunosuppressive characteristics. These characteristics include inhibition of leucocyte proliferation, T cells apoptosis, and induction of macrophages along with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. The review seeks to discuss the functional relationship between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and anti-tumor characteristics of cannabinoids in various cancers. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for cancer-both in vivo and in vitro clinical trials-has also been highlighted and reported to be effective in mice models in arthritis for the inflammation reduction, neuropathic pain, positive effect in multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes mellitus, and found beneficial for treating in various cancers. In human models, such studies are limited; thereby, further research is indispensable in this field to get a conclusive outcome. Therefore, in autoimmune disorders, therapeutic cannabinoids can serve as promising immunosuppressive and anti-fibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China;
- School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Saif Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China;
| | - Shiva Shahmohamadnejad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-13151, Iran;
| | - Muhammad Anjum Zia
- Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.Z.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (SBBUVAS), Sakrand 67210, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Muzammal Saeed
- Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.Z.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Zain Akram
- School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849 Monterrey, Mexico;
| | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China;
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Tijani AO, Thakur D, Mishra D, Frempong D, Chukwunyere UI, Puri A. Delivering therapeutic cannabinoids via skin: Current state and future perspectives. J Control Release 2021; 334:427-451. [PMID: 33964365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adequate evidence exists in the literature indicating a relatively positive shift with regards to the legal acceptance of cannabis and cannabis-derived products for medicinal purposes in some countries. Concomitantly, scientists are showing renewed interest in cannabis-related research work. Over the years, clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic significance of cannabinoids for diverse indications. Additionally, efforts are being made to develop cannabis-related products into acceptable prescription products. FDA authorization for the commercial use of four cannabinoid-derived products, available as oral dosage forms is a significant progress already. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the conventional delivery forms of cannabinoids. These include low oral bioavailability due to hepatic degradation, gastric instability, poor water solubility, and the side effects experienced upon the use of high doses of psychotropic cannabinoids associated with heightened plasma concentrations of the drug. These are however, limitable with the aid of transcutaneous drug delivery. Emerging topical and transdermal strategies could be exploited for the successful development of highly effective delivery systems for cannabinoids. This review discusses the feasibility of delivering therapeutic cannabinoids via skin and provides a comprehensive account of the supporting research studies that have been reported in the literature till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeemat O Tijani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Divya Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Dhruv Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.
| | - Dorcas Frempong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | - Umeh I Chukwunyere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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Small A, Fisher AD, Lee C, Colditz I. Analgesia for Sheep in Commercial Production: Where to Next? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041127. [PMID: 33920025 PMCID: PMC8070992 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Increasing societal and customer pressure to provide animals with ‘a life worth living’ continues to apply pressure on industry to alleviate pain associated with husbandry practices, injury and illness. Although a number of analgesic solutions are now available for sheep, providing some amelioration of the acute pain responses, this review has highlighted a number of potential areas for further research. Abstract Increasing societal and customer pressure to provide animals with ‘a life worth living’ continues to apply pressure on livestock production industries to alleviate pain associated with husbandry practices, injury and illness. Over the past 15–20 years, there has been considerable research effort to understand and develop mitigation strategies for painful husbandry procedures in sheep, leading to the successful launch of analgesic approaches specific to sheep in a number of countries. However, even with multi-modal approaches to analgesia, using both local anaesthetic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), pain is not obliterated, and the challenge of pain mitigation and phasing out of painful husbandry practices remains. It is timely to review and reflect on progress to date in order to strategically focus on the most important challenges, and the avenues which offer the greatest potential to be incorporated into industry practice in a process of continuous improvement. A structured, systematic literature search was carried out, incorporating peer-reviewed scientific literature in the period 2000–2019. An enormous volume of research is underway, testament to the fact that we have not solved the pain and analgesia challenge for any species, including our own. This review has highlighted a number of potential areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Small
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 1, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (C.L.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6776-1435
| | - Andrew David Fisher
- Animal Welfare Science Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Caroline Lee
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 1, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (C.L.); (I.C.)
| | - Ian Colditz
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 1, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (C.L.); (I.C.)
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Anti-inflammatory Effect of Cannabidiol and Palmitoylethanolamide Containing Topical Formulation on Skin in a 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate-Induced Dermatitis Model in Mice. Dermatitis 2021; 33:277-281. [PMID: 33654018 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, have significant disease burden worldwide. Although efficacious, the adverse effect profile of topical corticosteroids limits long-term use. As an alternative, cannabinoids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a topical cannabinoid product using dermatitis mouse model. METHODS Thirty-five mice were randomized into treatment groups. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate was used as an irritant on 1 ear with the contralateral ear serving as a control. Ear edema was calipered. The test product containing 0.9% cannabidiol and palmitoylethanolamide was compared with a potent topical corticosteroid. RESULTS Treatment with topical cannabinoid formulation reduced ear edema by 51.27% at 24 hours' and 65.69% at 48 hours' postapplication. Alternatively, mometasone reduced ear edema by 89.82% at 24 hours and 98.25% at 48 hours. Natural reduction (control) in ear edema was 26.32% at 24 hours and 44.21% at 48 hours. Both test groups resulted in significantly decreased edema when compared with baseline (P < 0.05), as well as compared with the negative control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Significant reduction in ear edema, a marker for localized cutaneous inflammation, could be attributed to anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids. Although effects were less robust than topical corticosteroid use, cannabinoid formulations have therapeutic promise for dermatitis.
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Sugawara K, Zákány N, Tiede S, Purba T, Harries M, Tsuruta D, Bíró T, Paus R. Human epithelial stem cell survival within their niche requires "tonic" cannabinoid receptor 1-signalling-Lessons from the hair follicle. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:479-493. [PMID: 33523535 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates multiple aspects of human epithelial physiology, including inhibition/stimulation of keratinocyte proliferation/apoptosis, respectively. Yet, how the ECS impacts on human adult epithelial stem cell (eSC) functions remains unknown. Scalp hair follicles (HFs) offer a clinically relevant, prototypic model system for studying this directly within the native human stem cell niche. Here, we show in organ-cultured human HFs that, unexpectedly, selective activation of cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1)-mediated signalling via the MAPK (MEK/Erk 1/2) and Akt pathways significantly increases the number and proliferation of cytokeratin CK15+ or CK19+ human HF bulge eSCs in situ, and enhances CK15 promoter activity in situ. In striking contrast, CB1-stimulation promotes apoptosis in the differentiated progeny of these eSCs (CK6+ HF keratinocytes). Instead, intrafollicular CB1 gene knockdown or CB1 antagonist treatment significantly reduces human HF eSCs numbers and stimulates their apoptosis, while CB1 knockout mice exhibit a reduced bulge eSCs pool in vivo. This identifies "tonic" CB1 signalling as a required survival stimulus for adult human HF eSCs within their niche. This novel concept must be taken into account whenever the human ECS is targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugawara
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Stephan Tiede
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Talveen Purba
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, MAHSC, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Harries
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, MAHSC, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, MAHSC, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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40
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Paland N, Pechkovsky A, Aswad M, Hamza H, Popov T, Shahar E, Louria-Hayon I. The Immunopathology of COVID-19 and the Cannabis Paradigm. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631233. [PMID: 33643316 PMCID: PMC7907157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 caused by the novel RNA betacoronavirus SARS-CoV2 has first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and since then developed into a worldwide pandemic with >99 million people afflicted and >2.1 million fatal outcomes as of 24th January 2021. SARS-CoV2 targets the lower respiratory tract system leading to pneumonia with fever, cough, and dyspnea. Most patients develop only mild symptoms. However, a certain percentage develop severe symptoms with dyspnea, hypoxia, and lung involvement which can further progress to a critical stage where respiratory support due to respiratory failure is required. Most of the COVID-19 symptoms are related to hyperinflammation as seen in cytokine release syndrome and it is believed that fatalities are due to a COVID-19 related cytokine storm. Treatments with anti-inflammatory or anti-viral drugs are still in clinical trials or could not reduce mortality. This makes it necessary to develop novel anti-inflammatory therapies. Recently, the therapeutic potential of phytocannabinoids, the unique active compounds of the cannabis plant, has been discovered in the area of immunology. Phytocannabinoids are a group of terpenophenolic compounds which biological functions are conveyed by their interactions with the endocannabinoid system in humans. Here, we explore the anti-inflammatory function of cannabinoids in relation to inflammatory events that happen during severe COVID-19 disease, and how cannabinoids might help to prevent the progression from mild to severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Paland
- Medical Cannabis Research and Innovation Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Antonina Pechkovsky
- Medical Cannabis Research and Innovation Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Miran Aswad
- Medical Cannabis Research and Innovation Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Haya Hamza
- Medical Cannabis Research and Innovation Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tania Popov
- Medical Cannabis Research and Innovation Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eduardo Shahar
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Igal Louria-Hayon
- Medical Cannabis Research and Innovation Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Hematology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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41
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Özcan SS, Gürel G, Çakır M. Gene expression profiles of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of psoriasis patients. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1234-1240. [PMID: 33550865 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121991911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are involved in the pathological process. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels expressed in immune cells have been shown to be associated with inflammatory diseases. We aimed to evaluate mRNA expression levels of TRP channels in PBMCs of patients with psoriasis. 30 patients with plaque psoriasis and 30 healthy age- and gender-matched control subjects were included in this study. mRNA expression levels of TRP channels in psoriasis patients were determined by Real-time polymerase chain reaction. A decreased TRPM4, TRPM7, TRPV3, TRPV4, and TRPC6 genes expression levels were found in the patient group compared to controls, respectively (p = 0.045, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.045, p = 0.009), whereas, an increased expression level was found in TRPM2 and TRPV1 genes in the patient group compared to controls (p = 0.001 and p = 0.028). This is the first study showing the TRP channel mRNA expressions in PBMCs of psoriasis patients. Different expression patterns of TRP channels may have a role in pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Özcan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 162338Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - G Gürel
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, 162338Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - M Çakır
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, 162338Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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42
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Arora NB, von Salm JL. Fall 2020 Proceedings of the Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision. ACS CHEMICAL HEALTH & SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chas.0c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigam B. Arora
- Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision, Washington, D.C. 20036, United States
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43
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Sampson PB. Phytocannabinoid Pharmacology: Medicinal Properties of Cannabis sativa Constituents Aside from the "Big Two". JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:142-160. [PMID: 33356248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based therapies date back centuries. Cannabis sativa is one such plant that was used medicinally up until the early part of the 20th century. Although rich in diverse and interesting phytochemicals, cannabis was largely ignored by the modern scientific community due to its designation as a schedule 1 narcotic and restrictions on access for research purposes. There was renewed interest in the early 1990s when the endocannabinoid system (ECS) was discovered, a complex network of signaling pathways responsible for physiological homeostasis. Two key components of the ECS, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), were identified as the molecular targets of the phytocannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). Restrictions on access to cannabis have eased worldwide, leading to a resurgence in interest in the therapeutic potential of cannabis. Much of the focus has been on the two major constituents, Δ9-THC and cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabis contains over 140 phytocannabinoids, although only a handful have been tested for pharmacological activity. Many of these minor cannabinoids potently modulate receptors, ionotropic channels, and enzymes associated with the ECS and show therapeutic potential individually or synergistically with other phytocannabinoids. The following review will focus on the pharmacological developments of the next generation of phytocannabinoid therapeutics.
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44
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Muller C, Reggio PH. An Analysis of the Putative CBD Binding Site in the Ionotropic Cannabinoid Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:615811. [PMID: 33362478 PMCID: PMC7755602 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.615811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids have been long studied for their therapeutic properties, particularly for their use in the treatment of pain. As new therapies are sought after to treat conditions of chronic pain, so is a better understanding of the ligands and their target receptors or channels. A recently published cryo-EM structure showed the putative binding location of a well-known cannabinoid ligand, cannabidiol (CBD), in TRPV2, a channel that has been implicated in inflammation and chronic pain. TRPV2, along with TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPA1, and TRPM8 all have the capability to be modulated by cannabinoid ligands and are located in the peripheral nervous system. Here, we analyze the putative CBD binding site in each of these channels and compare structural and sequential information with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia H. Reggio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
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45
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McKenna M, McDougall JJ. Cannabinoid control of neurogenic inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4386-4399. [PMID: 33289534 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of cannabinoids are known to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in various diseases. Due to their presynaptic/terminal location, cannabinoid receptors can inhibit synaptic transmission and have the potential to regulate neurogenic inflammation. Neurogenic inflammation occurs when a noxious signal is detected in the periphery initiating an antidromic axon reflex in the same sensory neurone leading to depolarization of the afferent terminal. Neuropeptides are subsequently released and contribute to vasodilation, plasma extravasation and modulation of immune cells. Endocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids and phytocannabinoids can reduce neuroinflammation by inhibiting afferent firing and inflammatory neuropeptide release. Thus, in addition to a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle and inflammatory cells, cannabinoids can reduce inflammation by silencing small diameter neurones. This review examines the neuropharmacological processes involved in regulating antidromic depolarization of afferent nerve terminals by cannabinoids and the control of neurogenic inflammation in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan McKenna
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jason J McDougall
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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46
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Diniz AFA, Ferreira RC, de Souza ILL, da Silva BA. Ionic Channels as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Erectile Dysfunction: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1120. [PMID: 32848741 PMCID: PMC7396897 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent condition, especially in men over 40 years old, characterized by the inability to obtain and/or maintain penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. Several psychological and/or organic factors are involved in the etiopathogenesis of ED. In this context, we gathered evidence of the involvement of Large-conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa), Small-conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SKCa), KCNQ-encoded voltage-dependent K+ channels (KV7), Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRP), and Calcium-activated Chloride channels (CaCC) dysfunctions on ED. In addition, the use of modulating agents of these channels are involved in relaxation of the cavernous smooth muscle cell and, consequent penile erection, suggesting that these channels are promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Fellyp Avelino Diniz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carlos Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Iara Leão Luna de Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia Araújo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Muller C, Lynch DL, Hurst DP, Reggio PH. A Closer Look at Anandamide Interaction With TRPV1. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:144. [PMID: 32793630 PMCID: PMC7385410 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential subfamily vanilloid type 1 ion channel (TRPV1), located in the peripheral nervous system has been implicated in the perception of pain and possesses the ability to be modulated by various cannabinoid ligands. Because of its location, TRPV1 is an ideal target for the development of novel pain therapeutics. Literature precedent suggests a wide range of cannabinoid ligands can activate TRPV1, but the location and mode of entry is not well understood. Understanding the modes in which cannabinoids can enter and bind to TRPV1 can aid in rational drug design. The first endogenous ligand identified for TRPV1 was the endocannabinoid, anandamide (AEA). The Molecular Dynamics (MD) studies discussed here investigate the entry mode of AEA into TRPV1. During the course of the 10+ microsecond MD simulations, two distinct binding modes were observed: AEA binding in the tunnel formed by the S1–S4 region, and AEA binding in the vanilloid binding pocket, with preference for the former. Unbiased MD simulations have revealed multiple spontaneous binding events into the S1–S4 region, with only one event of AEA binding the vanilloid binding pocket. These results suggest that AEA enters TRPV1 via a novel location between helices S1–S4 via the lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chante Muller
- Chemisty and Biochemistry Department, UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Diane L Lynch
- Chemisty and Biochemistry Department, UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Dow P Hurst
- Chemisty and Biochemistry Department, UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Patricia H Reggio
- Chemisty and Biochemistry Department, UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
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48
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Boudaka A, Al-Yazeedi M, Al-Lawati I. Role of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 Channel in Skin Physiology and Pathology. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2020; 20:e138-e146. [PMID: 32655905 PMCID: PMC7328835 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2020.20.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel responds to temperature, as well as various mechanical and chemical stimuli. This non-selective cation channel is expressed in several organs, including the blood vessels, kidneys, oesophagus and skin. In the skin, TRPV4 channel is present in various cell types such as keratinocytes, melanocytes and sensory neurons, as well as immune and inflammatory cells, and engages in several physiological actions, from skin homeostasis to sensation. In addition, there is substantial evidence implicating dysfunctional TRPV4 channel—in the form of either deficient or excessive channel activity—in pathological cutaneous conditions such as skin barrier compromise, pruritus, pain, skin inflammation and carcinogenesis. These varied functions, combined with the fact that TRPV4 channel owns pharmacologically-accessible sites, make this channel an attractive therapeutic target for skin disorders. In this review, we summarize the different physiological and pathophysiological effects of TRPV4 in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Boudaka
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mallak Al-Yazeedi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Intisar Al-Lawati
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Gray RA, Stott CG, Jones NA, Di Marzo V, Whalley BJ. Anticonvulsive Properties of Cannabidiol in a Model of Generalized Seizure Are Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Dependent. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2020; 5:145-149. [PMID: 32656346 PMCID: PMC7347071 DOI: 10.1089/can.2019.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) (approved as Epidiolex® in the United States) has demonstrated efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in patients with Lennox–Gastaut or Dravet syndrome in four randomized controlled trials. CBD possesses affinity for many target classes with functional effects relevant to the pathophysiology of many disease types, including epilepsy. Although the mechanism of action of CBD underlying the reduction of seizures in humans is unknown, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) represents a plausible target because (1) CBD activates and then desensitizes TRPV1, (2) TRPV1 is overexpressed in models of temporal lobe epilepsy and patients with epilepsy, (3) and TRPV1 modulates neuronal excitability. Methods: To investigate a potential role of TRPV1 in the anticonvulsive effects of CBD, the effect of CBD on seizure threshold was assessed using a mouse maximal electroshock threshold model of generalized seizure in TRPV1 knockout and wildtype mice. The dose dependence of the CBD effect was determined and compared with that of the positive comparator diazepam and vehicle. Results: At 50 and 100 mg/kg, CBD significantly (p<0.0001) increased seizure threshold in wildtype mice compared with TRPV1 knockout and vehicle controls. This effect was observed only at 100 mg/kg in TRPV1 knockout mice compared with knockout vehicle mice, in which gene deletion partially attenuated the CBD-increased seizure threshold. The effect of high-dose CBD in wildtype mice was nevertheless significantly different from vehicle-treated TRPV1 knockout mice (p<0.0001). Bioanalysis confirmed that genotype-specific differential brain exposure to CBD was not responsible for the observed effect on seizure threshold. Conclusion: These data strongly implicate TRPV1 in the potential mechanisms of action for the anticonvulsive effects of CBD. The partial inhibition of the anticonvulsive effect of high-dose CBD in TRPV1 knockout mice may indicate the involvement of targets other than TRPV1. Further characterization of TRPV1 in the anticonvulsive effect of CBD in validated models of seizure is warranted, as is pharmacological investigation of the molecular interaction between CBD and TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Whalley
- GW Research Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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Bonacin YS, Marques ICS, Garcia SB, Silva SBG, Canola PA, Marques JA. The role of vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1) in hyperalgesia related to bovine digital dermatitis. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7315-7321. [PMID: 32505399 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine digital dermatitis is a contagious and chronic disease affecting the digits of dairy cattle worldwide. Tissue degradation may alter ionic channels and further activate vanilloid channels, more specifically the vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1) that can generate and modulate hyperalgesia in cows affected with bovine digital dermatitis. The aim of this pilot study was to identify and quantify TRPV1 channels in dairy cows presenting with different stages of bovine digital dermatitis and compare these data according to the disease evolution and degree of hyperalgesia described in previous studies. Biopsies were taken from 15 lactating Holstein cows (23 lesions), and immunochemistry was performed to identify the number of TRPV1 fibers in the 4 M-stages of digital dermatitis and the control group. This pilot study had 5 experimental groups, M1 (5 samples), M2 (5 samples), M3 (4 samples), M4 (4 samples), and the control group (5 samples), with inclusion criteria was the presence of a bovine digital dermatitis lesion in at least one digit. The pilot results demonstrate an increase in expression of TRPV1 receptors in group M4 in comparison with the other groups. Bovine digital dermatitis may cause an increase in expression of TRPV1 receptors in the chronic stages of the disease, possibly contributing to the hyperalgesia described in affected animals; nevertheless, further research is needed to define this relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri S Bonacin
- Department of Clinical and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900.
| | - Isabela C S Marques
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil 14049-900
| | - Sérgio B Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil 14049-900
| | - Samara B G Silva
- Department of Clinical and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
| | - Paulo A Canola
- Department of Clinical and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
| | - José A Marques
- Department of Clinical and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
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