1
|
Johnson M, Finlayson K, van de Merwe JP, Leusch FDL. Adaption and application of cell-based bioassays to whole-water samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142572. [PMID: 38852631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The increasing presence of contaminants of emerging concern in wastewater and their potential environmental risks require improved monitoring and analysis methods. Direct toxicity assessment (DTA) using bioassays can complement chemical analysis of wastewater discharge, but traditional in vivo tests have ethical considerations and are expensive, low-throughput, and limited to apical endpoints (mortality, reproduction, development, and growth). In vitro bioassays offer an alternative approach that is cheaper, faster, and more ethical, and can provide higher sensitivity for some environmentally relevant endpoints. This study explores the potential benefits of using whole water samples of wastewater and environmental surface water instead of traditional solid phase extraction (SPE) methods for in vitro bioassays testing. Whole water samples produced a stronger response in most bioassays, likely due to the loss or alteration of contaminants during SPE sample extraction. In addition, there was no notable difference in results for most bioassays after freezing whole water samples, which allows for increased flexibility in testing timelines and cost savings. These findings highlight the potential advantages of using whole water samples in DTA and provide a framework for future research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Johnson
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia; Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia.
| | - Kimberly Finlayson
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia.
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia.
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Cui Y, Li J, Xu N, Shi T, Sun Y, Zhang C. Glyphosate hormesis stimulates tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant growth and enhances tolerance against environmental abiotic stress by triggering nonphotochemical quenching. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3628-3639. [PMID: 38456569 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate is the most widely applied herbicide in the world. Hormesis caused by low glyphosate doses has been widely documented in many plant species. However, the specific adaptative mechanism of plants responding to glyphosate hormesis stimulation remains unclear. This study focused on the biphasic relationship between glyphosate dose and tomato plant growth, and how glyphosate hormesis stimulates plant growth and enhances tolerance to environmental stress. RESULTS We constructed a hormesis model to describe the biphasic relationship with a maximal stimulation (MAX) of 162% above control by glyphosate at 0.063 g ha-1. Low-dose glyphosate increased photosynthetic pigment contents and improve photosynthetic efficiency, leading to plant growth stimulation. We also found that glyphosate hormesis enhanced plant tolerance to diuron (DCMU; a representative photosynthesis inhibitor) by triggering the nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ) reaction to dissipate excess energy stress from photosystem II (PSII). Transcriptomic analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results revealed that the photosynthesis-antenna proteins pathway was the most sensitive to glyphosate hormesis, and PsbS (encoding photosystem II subunit S), ZEP (encoding zeaxanthin epoxidase) and VDE (encoding violaxanthin de-epoxidase) involved in NPQ played crucial roles in the plant response to glyphosate hormesis. CONCLUSION These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of plant hormesis and is meaningful to the application of glyphosate hormesis in agriculture. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yidi Cui
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Nuo Xu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Taozhong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lim YK, Kim M, Yoon JN, Soon ZY, Shin K, Baek SH. Effect of wastewater from the in-water cleaning of ship hulls on attached and unattached microalgae. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115273. [PMID: 37454603 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental spills of in-water hull cleaning wastewater (HCW) containing heavy metals and biocides is inevitable, and the effects of HCW on microalgae are unknown. To investigate this, we conducted microcosm experiments by adding HCW to natural seawater. HCW samples were obtained from two different cleaning methods (soft: sponge, hard: brush), and 5 % or 10 % were added to natural seawater as treatments. Dissolved Cu concentrations were 5 to 10 times higher in the treatments than those in the control. There were significant differences in growth of unattached microalgae depending on HCW dose (chlorophyll a: 34.1 ± 0.8 μg L-1 in control vs. 12.6 ± 4.3 μg L-1 in treatments). Conversely, the biomass of attached microalgae increased with HCW dose, which was associated with most of the nutrient reduction later in the experiment, rather than unattached microalgae. Our findings suggest that HCW can significantly impact microalgal community, especially depending on spill volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Kyun Lim
- Ecological Risk Research Department, KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Ecological Risk Research Department, KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Nam Yoon
- Ecological Risk Research Department, KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhi Yang Soon
- Ecological Risk Research Department, KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD 20688, United States
| | - Kyoungsoon Shin
- Ballast Water Research Center, KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- Ecological Risk Research Department, KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Loken LC, Corsi SR, Alvarez DA, Ankley GT, Baldwin AK, Blackwell BR, De Cicco LA, Nott MA, Oliver SK, Villeneuve DL. Prioritizing Pesticides of Potential Concern and Identifying Potential Mixture Effects in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Passive Samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:340-366. [PMID: 36165576 PMCID: PMC10107608 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To help meet the objectives of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative with regard to increasing knowledge about toxic substances, 223 pesticides and pesticide transformation products were monitored in 15 Great Lakes tributaries using polar organic chemical integrative samplers. A screening-level assessment of their potential for biological effects was conducted by computing toxicity quotients (TQs) for chemicals with available US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Aquatic Life Benchmark values. In addition, exposure activity ratios (EAR) were calculated using information from the USEPA ToxCast database. Between 16 and 81 chemicals were detected per site, with 97 unique compounds detected overall, for which 64 could be assessed using TQs or EARs. Ten chemicals exceeded TQ or EAR levels of concern at two or more sites. Chemicals exceeding thresholds included seven herbicides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, diuron, metolachlor, acetochlor, atrazine, simazine, and sulfentrazone), a transformation product (deisopropylatrazine), and two insecticides (fipronil and imidacloprid). Watersheds draining agricultural and urban areas had more detections and higher concentrations of pesticides compared with other land uses. Chemical mixtures analysis for ToxCast assays associated with common modes of action defined by gene targets and adverse outcome pathways (AOP) indicated potential activity on biological pathways related to a range of cellular processes, including xenobiotic metabolism, extracellular signaling, endocrine function, and protection against oxidative stress. Use of gene ontology databases and the AOP knowledgebase within the R-package ToxMixtures highlighted the utility of ToxCast data for identifying and evaluating potential biological effects and adverse outcomes of chemicals and mixtures. Results have provided a list of high-priority chemicals for future monitoring and potential biological effects warranting further evaluation in laboratory and field environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:340-366. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. Loken
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Steven R. Corsi
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - David A. Alvarez
- US Geological SurveyColumbia Environmental Research CenterColombiaMissouriUSA
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and ExposureGreat Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Brett R. Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and ExposureGreat Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Laura A. De Cicco
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Michele A. Nott
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Samantha K. Oliver
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and ExposureGreat Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miller JL, Bailey HC, Walker CM, Miller KK, Connor V. Use of Toxicity Identification Evaluation Procedures to Clarify the Relationship Between Ammonium Concentrations and Phytoplankton Blooms in the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:178-190. [PMID: 36342341 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton blooms in the northern San Francisco Bay Estuary have historically supported much of the larval fish production in the estuary. In the past, blooms were limited largely by reduced light intensities and net outflows through the system, as well as dense populations of introduced clams that continuously filter the water column. Conversely, the estuary is exposed to a wide variety of contaminants that may also impact phytoplankton growth. Interestingly, previous investigations have suggested that relatively low concentrations of ammonium may inhibit development of bloom conditions by interfering with nitrate assimilation. Given the complex dynamics of the system, with multiple factors that could potentially affect algal growth, additional data to validate this hypothesis are important to identify appropriate management options. Consequently, toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedures were applied to ambient water samples and monitored for 72-96 h under controlled conditions to evaluate their effects on algal growth and utilization of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. The TIE treatments specifically targeted ammonium, as well as the potential contributions of metals and nonpolar organic contaminants. Notably, all samples exhibited positive growth over the exposure period with no evidence of toxicity, and TIE treatments did not further improve growth. A subsequent 72-h study evaluated the effect of ammonium up to 12 µM at a fixed concentration of nitrate was monitored at 24-h intervals and showed no inhibition of the development of bloom conditions. Collectively, there was no evidence that ammonium interfered with growth, even at concentrations well above the range of postulated effect levels. Of additional interest, the lack of increased growth in TIE treatments targeting chelatable metals and nonpolar organics suggested that these contaminant classes were not present at inhibitory concentrations. These results demonstrate the importance of validation of cause in multistressor environments, and further clarify the roles of different factors that may limit development of bloom conditions in the estuary. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:178-190. © 2022 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Valerie Connor
- State and Federal Contractors Water Agency, Sacramento, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carafa R, Gallé T, Massarin S, Huck V, Bayerle M, Pittois D, Braun C. Combining Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) with Toxicity Testing on Microalgae to Evaluate the Impact of Herbicide Mixtures in Surface Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2667-2678. [PMID: 35959884 PMCID: PMC9826030 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide risk assessment within the European Union Water Framework Directive is largely deficient in the assessment of the actual exposure and chemical mixture effects. Pesticide contamination, in particular herbicidal loading, has been shown to exert pressure on surface waters. Such pollution can have direct impact on autotrophic species, as well as indirect impacts on freshwater communities through primary production degradation. The present study proposes a screening method combining polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) with mode of action-specific toxicity testing on microalgae exposed to POCIS extracts as a standard approach to effectively address the problem of herbicide mixture effects detection. This methodology has been tested using Luxembourgish rivers as a case study and has proven to be a fast and reliable information source that is complementary to chemical analysis, allowing assessment of missing target analytes. Pesticide pressure in the 24 analyzed streams was mainly exerted by flufenacet, terbuthylazine, nicosulfuron, and foramsulfuron, with occasional impacts by the nonagricultural biocide diuron. Algae tests were more sensitive to endpoints affecting photosystem II and reproduction than to growth and could be best predicted with the concentration addition model. In addition, analysis revealed that herbicide mixture toxicity is correlated with macrophyte disappearance in the field, relating mainly to emissions from maize cultures. Combining passive sampler extracts with standard toxicity tests offers promising perspectives for ecological risk assessment. The full implementation of the proposed approach, however, requires adaptation of the legislation to scientific progress. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2667-2678. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Gallé
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Sandrine Massarin
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Viola Huck
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Michael Bayerle
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Denis Pittois
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Christian Braun
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fusilero A, De Rop J, Spanoghe P, Arts GHP, De Schamphelaere KAC. Mixture Toxicity of Herbicides with Dissimilar Modes of Action to Myriophyllum spicatum. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2209-2220. [PMID: 35698929 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Considering the vital role of rooted macrophytes in the aquatic ecosystem, validating assumptions on the interactive effects of herbicides with different modes of action at an environmentally relevant mixture ratio is necessary. We investigated the effects of diflufenican (a carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor) and iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (IMS; an acetolactate synthase inhibitor) in a 14-day growth inhibition experiment with Myriophyllum spicatum, wherein single compounds and their combination were tested in parallel (n = 84). The assessment was done using three different methods: significance testing, model deviation ratio (MDR), and mixture interaction factor (MIF). Interactions relative to both concentration addition and independent action were assessed via significance testing. This revealed that diflufenican and IMS acted antagonistically relative to both models for fresh weight and total shoot length (p < 0.05) and that there was slight synergism for the number of side shoots (p < 0.001) relative to concentration addition. The MDR and MIF can only assess interactions relative to the concentration addition model. According to MDR, the mixture appeared to show no interaction (neither antagonistic nor synergistic), whereas the MIF method revealed that the compounds acted antagonistically for fresh weight and that there was a slight synergism for total shoot length and number of side shoots. We conclude that inferences about mixture toxicity interactions are method- and endpoint-dependent, which can have implications for regulatory mixtures assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2209-2220. © 2022 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abegail Fusilero
- GhenToxLab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Rotam Crop Protection Europe, Lyon, France
| | - Jasmine De Rop
- Laboratory for Crop Protection Chemistry, Department of Plant and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Spanoghe
- Laboratory for Crop Protection Chemistry, Department of Plant and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gertie H P Arts
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Food web rewiring drives long-term compositional differences and late-disturbance interactions at the community level. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117364119. [PMID: 35439049 PMCID: PMC9173581 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117364119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple anthropogenic disturbances affect the structure and functioning of communities. Recent evidence highlighted that, after pulse disturbance, the functioning a community performs may be recovered fast due to functional redundancy, whereas community multivariate composition needs a longer time. Yet, the mechanisms that drive the different community recovery times have not been quantified empirically. We use quantitative food-web analysis to assess the influence of species interactions on community recovery. We found species-interactions strength to be the main mechanism driving differences between structural and functional recovery. Additionally, we show that interactions between multiple disturbances appear in the long term only when both species-interaction strength and food-web architecture change significantly. Ecological communities are constantly exposed to multiple natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Multivariate composition (if recovered) has been found to need significantly more time to be regained after pulsed disturbance compared to univariate diversity metrics and functional endpoints. However, the mechanisms driving the different recovery times of communities to single and multiple disturbances remain unexplored. Here, we apply quantitative ecological network analyses to try to elucidate the mechanisms driving long-term community-composition dissimilarity and late-stage disturbance interactions at the community level. For this, we evaluate the effects of two pesticides, nutrient enrichment, and their interactions in outdoor mesocosms containing a complex freshwater community. We found changes in interactions strength to be strongly related to compositional changes and identified postdisturbance interaction-strength rewiring to be responsible for most of the observed compositional changes. Additionally, we found pesticide interactions to be significant in the long term only when both interaction strength and food-web architecture are reshaped by the disturbances. We suggest that quantitative network analysis has the potential to unveil ecological processes that prevent long-term community recovery.
Collapse
|
9
|
Polazzo F, Dos Anjos TBO, Arenas-Sánchez A, Romo S, Vighi M, Rico A. Effect of multiple agricultural stressors on freshwater ecosystems: The role of community structure, trophic status, and biodiversity-functioning relationships on ecosystem responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151052. [PMID: 34749964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity and widespread use of agricultural pesticides threaten freshwater biodiversity, but their long-term effects under different nutrient concentrations are poorly understood. We evaluated the single or combined effects of two pesticides (chlorpyrifos and diuron) under different nutrient regimes (mesotrophic and eutrophic) on community structure and ecosystem functions in replicated pond mesocosms. The individual application of nutrients and pesticides affected community composition and species richness. Ecosystem functioning was generally less sensitive to chemical stress than community structure, while eutrophication fostered the dominance of species that are more resilient to pesticides. Stressor interactions were significant at different time points, with late stressor interactions affecting the recovery of community composition. We also found that the correlation between biodiversity and relevant ecosystem functions, such as primary productivity and total ecosystem respiration, can be shifted from positive to negative under particular stress conditions. Our study demonstrates that nutrients enrichment is a key factor influencing the resilience of freshwater ecosystems to multiple stressors and that functional redundancy allows maintaining constant levels of functioning even under high toxic stress pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Polazzo
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Alba Arenas-Sánchez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Romo
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang Y, Chen C, Sheng Y, Ding P, Wu X, Beardall J, Wu Y. The inhibitory effects of the antifouling compound Irgarol 1051 on the marine diatom Skeletonema sp. across a broad range of photosynthetically active radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48535-48542. [PMID: 33909247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The release of anthropogenic organic pollutants has resulted in extensive environmental risks to coastal waters. Among pollutants released, the most common antifoulant, Irgarol 1051, is an effective inhibitor of photosystem II of photoautotrophs; thus, the continuous release of this compound into surrounding seawater would potentially threaten marine algae. To investigate this, we grew the model marine diatom Skeletonema sp. at different concentrations of Irgarol 1051 and levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Irgarol did not affect the photochemical capacity when cells were incubated in the dark, but photochemical yields all significantly decreased, and relative inhibition by Irgarol increased once cells were exposed to even the lowest PAR, with lower photochemical yields observed under increased level of Irgarol. In addition, the rate of decrease in yield increased with Irgarol concentration but was unchanged among PAR treatments. The growth rates showed a similar pattern to photochemical yields, with lower values under higher Irgarol concentrations, but with no significant differences in the effect of Irgarol observed between the light levels employed. The ratio of repair to damage rates of PSII clearly shows that this ratio decreased with light intensity, largely due to increases in damage rates and that the PAR level at which repair balanced damage decreased under a high level of Irgarol. Our results suggest that the inhibitory effects of Irgarol become obvious after PAR exposure even at a relatively low light level, suggesting that Irgarol would affect phytoplankton throughout the daytime, and may therefore have a broad environmental risk, potentially limiting coastal primary production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yangjie Sheng
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Peijian Ding
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Yaping Wu
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Smith PN, Armbrust KL, Brain RA, Chen W, Galic N, Ghebremichael L, Giddings JM, Hanson ML, Maul J, Van Der Kraak G, Solomon KR. Assessment of risks to listed species from the use of atrazine in the USA: a perspective. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2021; 24:223-306. [PMID: 34219616 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2021.1902890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is a triazine herbicide used predominantly on corn, sorghum, and sugarcane in the US. Its use potentially overlaps with the ranges of listed (threatened and endangered) species. In response to registration review in the context of the Endangered Species Act, we evaluated potential direct and indirect impacts of atrazine on listed species and designated critical habitats. Atrazine has been widely studied, extensive environmental monitoring and toxicity data sets are available, and the spatial and temporal uses on major crops are well characterized. Ranges of listed species are less well-defined, resulting in overly conservative designations of "May Effect". Preferences for habitat and food sources serve to limit exposure among many listed animal species and animals are relatively insensitive. Atrazine does not bioaccumulate, further diminishing exposures among consumers and predators. Because of incomplete exposure pathways, many species can be eliminated from consideration for direct effects. It is toxic to plants, but even sensitive plants tolerate episodic exposures, such as those occurring in flowing waters. Empirical data from long-term monitoring programs and realistic field data on off-target deposition of drift indicate that many other listed species can be removed from consideration because exposures are below conservative toxicity thresholds for direct and indirect effects. Combined with recent mitigation actions by the registrant, this review serves to refine and focus forthcoming listed species assessment efforts for atrazine.Abbreviations: a.i. = Active ingredient (of a pesticide product). AEMP = Atrazine Ecological Monitoring Program. AIMS = Avian Incident Monitoring SystemArach. = Arachnid (spiders and mites). AUC = Area Under the Curve. BE = Biological Evaluation (of potential effects on listed species). BO = Biological Opinion (conclusion of the consultation between USEPA and the Services with respect to potential effects in listed species). CASM = Comprehensive Aquatic System Model. CDL = Crop Data LayerCN = field Curve Number. CRP = Conservation Reserve Program (lands). CTA = Conditioned Taste Avoidance. DAC = Diaminochlorotriazine (a metabolite of atrazine, also known by the acronym DACT). DER = Data Evaluation Record. EC25 = Concentration causing a specified effect in 25% of the tested organisms. EC50 = Concentration causing a specified effect in 50% of the tested organisms. EC50RGR = Concentration causing a 50% reduction in relative growth rate. ECOS = Environmental Conservation Online System. EDD = Estimated Daily Dose. EEC = Expected Environmental Concentration. EFED = Environmental Fate and Effects Division (of the USEPA). EFSA = European Food Safety Agency. EIIS = Ecological Incident Information System. ERA = Environmental Risk Assessment. ESA = Endangered Species Act. ESU = Evolutionarily Significant UnitsFAR = Field Application RateFIFRA = Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. FOIA = Freedom of Information Act (request). GSD = Genus Sensitivity Distribution. HC5 = Hazardous Concentration for ≤ 5% of species. HUC = Hydrologic Unit Code. IBM = Individual-Based Model. IDS = Incident Data System. KOC = Partition coefficient between water and organic matter in soil or sediment. KOW = Octanol-Water partition coefficient. LC50 = Concentration lethal to 50% of the tested organisms. LC-MS-MS = Liquid Chromatograph with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. LD50 = Dose lethal to 50% of the tested organisms. LAA = Likely to Adversely Affect. LOAEC = Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Concentration. LOC = Level of Concern. MA = May Affect. MATC = Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentration. NAS = National Academy of Sciences. NCWQR = National Center of Water Quality Research. NE = No Effect. NLAA = Not Likely to Adversely Affect. NMFS = National Marine Fisheries Service. NOAA = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NOAEC = No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Concentration. NOAEL = No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Dose-Level. OECD = Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. PNSP = Pesticide National Synthesis Project. PQ = Plastoquinone. PRZM = Pesticide Root Zone Model. PWC = Pesticide in Water Calculator. QWoE = Quantitative Weight of Evidence. RGR = Relative growth rate (of plants). RQ = Risk Quotient. RUD = Residue Unit Doses. SAP = Science Advisory Panel (of the USEPA). SGR = Specific Growth Rate. SI = Supplemental Information. SSD = Species Sensitivity Distribution. SURLAG = Surface Runoff Lag Coefficient. SWAT = Soil & Water Assessment Tool. SWCC = Surface Water Concentration Calculator. UDL = Use Data Layer (for pesticides). USDA = United States Department of Agriculture. USEPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency. USFWS = United States Fish and Wildlife Service. USGS = United States Geological Survey. WARP = Watershed Regressions for Pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip N Smith
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kevin L Armbrust
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Wenlin Chen
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nika Galic
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont, Canada
| | - Keith R Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mausz MA, Segovia M, Larsen A, Berger SA, Egge JK, Pohnert G. High CO 2 concentration and iron availability determine the metabolic inventory in an Emiliania huxleyi-dominated phytoplankton community. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3863-3882. [PMID: 32656913 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA), a consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions, strongly impacts marine ecosystems. OA also influences iron (Fe) solubility, affecting biogeochemical and ecological processes. We investigated the interactive effects of CO2 and Fe availability on the metabolome response of a natural phytoplankton community. Using mesocosms we exposed phytoplankton to ambient (390 μatm) or future CO2 levels predicted for the year 2100 (900 μatm), combined with ambient (4.5 nM) or high (12 nM) dissolved iron (dFe). By integrating over the whole phytoplankton community, we assigned functional changes based on altered metabolite concentrations. Our study revealed the complexity of phytoplankton metabolism. Metabolic profiles showed three stages in response to treatments and phytoplankton dynamics. Metabolome changes were related to the plankton group contributing respective metabolites, explaining bloom decline and community succession. CO2 and Fe affected metabolic profiles. Most saccharides, fatty acids, amino acids and many sterols significantly correlated with the high dFe treatment at ambient pCO2 . High CO2 lowered the abundance of many metabolites irrespective of Fe. However, sugar alcohols accumulated, indicating potential stress. We demonstrate that not only altered species composition but also changes in the metabolic landscape affecting the plankton community may change as a consequence of future high-CO2 oceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela A Mausz
- Department for Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, Jena, 07743, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany.,School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - María Segovia
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Aud Larsen
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Nygårdsgaten 112, Bergen, 5038, Norway.,Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgaten 53A/B, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Stella A Berger
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgaten 53A/B, Bergen, 5020, Norway.,Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin, 16775, Germany
| | - Jorun K Egge
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgaten 53A/B, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Department for Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, Jena, 07743, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Endocrine disruption and obesity: A current review on environmental obesogens. CURRENT RESEARCH IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2020; 3. [PMCID: PMC7326440 DOI: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity represents an important public health concern because it substantially increases the risk of multiple chronic diseases and thereby contributing to a decline in both quality of life and life expectancy. Besides unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and genetic susceptibility, environmental pollutants also contribute to the rising prevalence of obesity epidemic. An environmental obesogen is defined as a chemical that can alter lipid homeostasis to promote adipogenesis and lipid accumulation whereas an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) is defined as a synthetic chemical that can interfere with the endocrine function and cause adverse health effects. Many obesogens are EDCs that interfere with normal endocrine regulation of metabolism, adipose tissue development and maintenance, appetite, weight and energy balance. An expanding body of scientific evidence from animal and epidemiological studies has begun to provide links between exposure to EDCs and obesity. Despite the significance of environmental obesogens in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, the contribution of synthetic chemical exposure to obesity epidemic remains largely unrecognised. Hence, the purpose of this review is to provide a current update on the evidences from animal and human studies on the role of fourteen environmental obesogens in obesity, a comprehensive view of the mechanisms of action of these obesogens and current green and sustainable chemistry strategies to overcome chemical exposure to prevent obesity. Designing of safer version of obesogens through green chemistry approaches requires a collaborative undertaking to evaluate the toxicity of endocrine disruptors using appropriate experimental methods, which will help in developing a new generation of inherently safer chemicals. Many environmental obesogens are endocrine disrupting chemicals that interfere with normal endocrine regulation of metabolism. Understanding the role of environmental obesogens in the epidemics of obesity is in an infant stage. Green chemistry approach aims to design a safer version of these chemicals by understanding their hazardous effects. Further studies are necessary to fully establish the hazardous effects of obesogens and their association to human obesity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sigurnjak M, Ukić Š, Cvetnić M, Markić M, Novak Stankov M, Rasulev B, Kušić H, Lončarić Božić A, Rogošić M, Bolanča T. Combined toxicities of binary mixtures of alachlor, chlorfenvinphos, diuron and isoproturon. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124973. [PMID: 31726602 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are the chemicals of increased concern regarding their adverse environmental effects. In particular, the reports on their joint toxicity effects are scarce in the literature. Therefore, this paper describes the experiments on toxicities of four pesticides: alachlor, chlorfenvinphos, diuron, and isoproturon, toward Vibrio fischeri. In particular, the joint toxicity effects for all possible binary combinations of the pesticides were analyzed. The analysis included the application of concentration addition and independent action models at two toxicity levels: EC10 and EC50. The analysis revealed additive behavior between all pesticide pairs. The only exception was isoproturon and chlorfenvinphos whose combination resulted in synergistic toxic activity. The original form of the logistic function was given preference over the linearized form in describing the response-dose relationships of investigated pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sigurnjak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Š Ukić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - M Cvetnić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Markić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Novak Stankov
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Rasulev
- North Dakota State University, Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - H Kušić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Lončarić Božić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Rogošić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - T Bolanča
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ding YR, Yan ZT, Si FL, Li XD, Mao QM, Asghar S, Chen B. Mitochondrial genes associated with pyrethroid resistance revealed by mitochondrial genome and transcriptome analyses in the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:769-778. [PMID: 31392850 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticides are still the main method of mosquito control, but mosquito resistance presents a large obstacle. The function of mitochondrial genes in the evolution of insecticide resistance is still poorly understood. Pyrethroid is the most commonly used insecticide, and Anopheles sinensis is an important malaria vector in China and Southeast Asia. In this study, we investigated the mitochondrial genes associated with pyrethroid resistance through their genetic and expression variation based on analyses of transcriptomes and 36 individuals with resequencing in three geographical populations in China. RESULTS The nucleotide diversity (Pi) in 18 resistant individuals was much lower than that in 18 susceptible individuals, which suggests that some sites experienced purifying selection subject to pyrethroid stress. Ka/Ks and amino acid analyses showed that ND4 experienced positive selection and had 23 amino acid mutations due to pyrethroid stress. These mutations might change the ND4 structure and function and thus alter the efficiency of the respiratory chain. ND5 was significantly upregulated, and ATP8 was significantly downregulated in these three pyrethroid resistant populations, which suggests that these two genes function in the production and maintenance of pyrethroid resistance. There are differences in mitochondrial genes involved in pyrethroid resistance among these three populations. CONCLUSION This is the first study to reveal the association of mitochondrial genes in the evolution of insecticide resistance through amino acid mutation and expression patterns and can help us further understand insecticide resistance mechanisms. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Ding
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen-Tian Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng-Ling Si
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu-Dong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi-Meng Mao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sana Asghar
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carena L, Vione D. Mapping the Photochemistry of European Mid-Latitudes Rivers: An Assessment of Their Ability to Photodegrade Contaminants. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020424. [PMID: 31968645 PMCID: PMC7024250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The abiotic photochemical reactions that take place naturally in sunlit surface waters can degrade many contaminants that pose concern to water bodies for their potentially toxic and long-term effects. This works aims at assessing the ability of European rivers to photoproduce reactive transient intermediates, such as HO• radicals and the excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*), involved in pollutant degradation. A photochemical mapping of the steady-state concentrations of these transients was carried out by means of a suitable modeling tool, in the latitude belt between 40 and 50°N. Such a map allowed for the prediction of the photochemical lifetimes of the phenylurea herbicide isoproturon (mostly undergoing photodegradation upon reaction with HO• and especially 3CDOM*) across different European countries. For some rivers, a more extensive dataset was available spanning the years 1990–2002, which allowed for the computation of the steady-state concentration of the carbonate radicals (CO3•−). With these data, it was possible to assess the time trends of the photochemical half-lives of further contaminants (atrazine, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, and clofibric acid). The calculated lifetimes were in the range of days to weeks, which might or might not allow for efficient depollution depending on the river-water flow velocity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Varga M, Horvatić J, Žurga P, Brusić I, Moslavac M. Phytotoxicity assessment of isoproturon on growth and physiology of non-targeted aquatic plant Lemna minor L. - A comparison of continuous and pulsed exposure with equivalent time-averaged concentrations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 213:105225. [PMID: 31220755 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenylurea herbicides are often present in the aquatic ecosystems and may be accumulated by the non-targeted organisms and impose a negative effect on the organism and the community. This study aims to investigate and compare the effects of two different isoproturon (IPU) pulse exposure scenarios on the non-targeted aquatic plant Lemna minor with effects observed in the standard test with continuous exposure. The obtained results showed that continuous IPU treatment causes significant reduction of photosynthetic pigment concentration and proteins as well as inhibition of L. minor growth. The activities of CAT, G-POX, and APX were significantly induced to diminish the accumulation of ROS under IPU treatment, but the induction of antioxidant enzymes was not sufficient to protect the plants from herbicide-induced oxidative stress. The growth of L. minor under pulse exposure to IPU recovers fast, but pulse treatment results in significant physiological changes in treated plants. The accumulation of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation products, alongside the reduced concentration of proteins and photosynthetic pigments in pulse treatment after a recovery period, indicates that IPU causes prolonged oxidative stress in L. minor plants. The recovery potential of L. minor plants after treatment with herbicides may have an important role in maintaining the population of essential primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, but IPU-induced physiological changes could potentially have a significant role in modulating the response of the plants to the next exposure event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Varga
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Janja Horvatić
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Paula Žurga
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-goranska County, Krešimirova 52, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Iva Brusić
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-goranska County, Krešimirova 52, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marko Moslavac
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang H, Liu N, Zhao J, Ge F, Xu Y, Chen Y. Disturbance of photosystem II-oxygen evolution complex induced the oxidative damage in Chlorella vulgaris under the stress of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:659-667. [PMID: 30802831 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen evolution complex (OEC) in photosystem II (PSII) is sensitive to environmental stressors. However, oxidative damage mechanism in PSII-OEC is still unclear. Here, we investigated photosynthetic performance of PSII, oxidative stress and antioxidant reaction induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) under the stress of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC). From the changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and PSII activity, it was proved that the electron transport, which occurred initially at the electron donor side of OEC, was disturbed by CTAC. Moreover, a significant decrease of the oxygen evolution rate in OEC (40.95%) while an increase of ROS (50.50%) was obtained after the exposure to 0.6 mg/L CTAC compared to the control (without CTAC), confirming that more oxygen transferred to ROS under the stress. Furthermore, the increased ROS in chloroplast and the structural destruction in thylakoid membrane were observed, respectively. These results proved that oxidative damage mechanism in PSII-OEC is mainly through the reduction of oxygen evolution and the production of excessive ROS, thus leading to the destruction of OEC performance and chloroplast structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
| | - Yin Xu
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yuehui Chen
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xie J, Zhao L, Liu K, Liu W. Enantiomeric environmental behavior, oxidative stress and toxin release of harmful cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa in response to napropamide and acetochlor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:728-733. [PMID: 30623828 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms have emerged as a worldwide issue. After concentrations of herbicides entering water, herbicides in water may pose ecological effects on them. The present study investigates the toxicity and environmental behavior of the herbicides, napropamide and acetochlor as enantiomers and as racemates on Microcystis aeruginosa which is the main specie known to produce hepatotoxins. S-napropamide/acetochlor are degraded faster than their corresponding isomer R-napropamide/acetochlor, with the latter more prone to accumulate in algal cells. Moreover, all the enantiomers did not undergo measurable racemization in the medium and algal cells. S-napropamide/acetochlor exhibited much higher toxicity than R-napropamide/acetochlor, with the S-enantiomer inducing a much greater production of antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and microcystins (MC). SOD and MC increased after treatment with the herbicides and these increases were dependent on the exposure time, whereas MDA showed no apparent change. The information provided in this work will be useful for understanding the toxicity mechanism and environmental behaviors of different amide herbicides (napropamide and acetochlor) in aquatic environments at the enantiomeric level. Additionally, analysis of chiral herbicides in aquatic system needs more attention to aide in the environmental assessment of chiral herbicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Xie
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd., Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kelly MR, Cohen RA. The Effects of an Herbicide and Antibiotic Mixture on Aquatic Primary Producers and Grazers. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:556-561. [PMID: 30244274 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Widespread use of agrochemicals increases their likelihood of entering aquatic systems in mixture. Despite different modes of action, atrazine (herbicide) and tetracycline (antibiotic) adversely affect non-target photosynthetic organisms individually, but the effects of simultaneous exposure to both contaminants are untested. We created microcosms containing microalgae (Chlorella sp.), floating macrophytes (Lemna minor), and a zooplankton grazer (Daphnia magna). Microcosms were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine and tetracycline, alone and together, for 10 days. Atrazine decreased Chlorella sp. abundance, but not enough to reduce food availability to D. magna whose reproduction and mortality were unaffected. In contrast, tetracycline and atrazine appeared to have additive effects on L. minor abundance and growth inhibition. These additive adverse effects suggest increased potential for L. minor population decline over the long term, and potential for altered species interactions in aquatic systems receiving agricultural runoff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison R Kelly
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, PO Box 8042-1, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - Risa A Cohen
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, PO Box 8042-1, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Moro L, Pezzotti G, Turemis M, Sanchís J, Farré M, Denaro R, Giacobbe MG, Crisafi F, Giardi MT. Fast pesticide pre-screening in marine environment using a green microalgae-based optical bioassay. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 129:212-221. [PMID: 29680540 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates an optical bioassay based on green photosynthetic microalgae as a promising alternative for monitoring of relevant seawater pollutants. Photosystem II fluorescence parameters from several microalgae species were examined in the presence of three common marine pesticides that act as photosynthesis inhibitors. The three pollutants were detected within 10 min in concentrations between ng/L-μg/L. The different algae species showed slightly diverse pesticide sensitivities, being Chlorella mirabilis the most sensitive one. Potential interferences due to oil-spill pollutants were discarded. The lipid content was characterized to identify microorganisms with suitable mechanisms that could facilitate stress acclimatization. C. mirabilis presented elevated content of unsaturated lipids, showing a promising potential for biosensing in saline stress conditions. The optimized microalgae-based bioassay was preliminarily incorporated into a marine buoy for autonomous pre-screening of pesticides in coastal areas, demonstrating its suitability for real-time monitoring of marine water and quantitative evaluation of total biotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moro
- Biosensor Srl, Via degli Olmetti 44, 00060 Formello, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianni Pezzotti
- Biosensor Srl, Via degli Olmetti 44, 00060 Formello, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mehmet Turemis
- Biosensor Srl, Via degli Olmetti 44, 00060 Formello, Rome, Italy.
| | - Josep Sanchís
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Marinella Farré
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Renata Denaro
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC-CNR), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Giacobbe
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC-CNR), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesca Crisafi
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC-CNR), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Giardi
- Biosensor Srl, Via degli Olmetti 44, 00060 Formello, Rome, Italy; Crystallography Institute, CNR Area della Ricerca di Roma, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mansano AS, Moreira RA, Dornfeld HC, Freitas EC, Vieira EM, Sarmento H, Rocha O, Seleghim MHR. Effects of diuron and carbofuran and their mixtures on the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:312-321. [PMID: 28433596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, organisms are often exposed to mixtures of several pesticides. In this study, the effects of carbofuran and diuron and their mixtures on the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata were investigated. For this purpose, toxicity tests were performed with the single compounds (active ingredients and commercial formulations) and their combinations (only active ingredients). According to the results, the toxicity of active ingredients and their commercial formulations to R. subcapitata was similar. In the single exposures, both carbofuran and diuron inhibited significantly the R. subcapitata growth and caused physiological (chlorophyll a content) and morphological (complexity and cell size) changes in cells, as captured by flow cytometry single-cell properties. Regarding the mixture toxicity tests, data fitted to both reference models, concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA), and evidenced significant deviations. After the CA fitting, dose-ratio dependent deviation had the best fit to the data, demonstrating synergism caused mainly by diuron and antagonism caused mainly by carbofuran. After fitting the IA model, a synergistic deviation represented the best fit for the diuron and carbofuran mixtures. In general, the two reference models indicated the occurrence of synergism in the mixtures of these compounds, especially when diuron was the dominant chemical in the combinations. The increased toxicity caused by the mixture of these pesticides could pose a greater environmental risk for phytoplankton. Thus, exposure to diuron and carbofuran mixtures must also be considered in risk assessments, since the combination of these compounds may result in more severe effects on algae population growth than single exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrislaine S Mansano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raquel A Moreira
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo C Dornfeld
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuela C Freitas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eny M Vieira
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Odete Rocha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirna H R Seleghim
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Larras F, Coulaud R, Gautreau E, Billoir E, Rosebery J, Usseglio-Polatera P. Assessing anthropogenic pressures on streams: A random forest approach based on benthic diatom communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:1101-1112. [PMID: 28222924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Benthic diatoms have been widely used to assess the ecological status of freshwater ecosystems, especially in the context of recent international water framework directive policies (e.g. the WFD). Despite diatom-based indices are known to respond fastly to water quality degradation, they are not designed to precisely identify the nature of pressures co-occurring in the environment. Based on large scale monitoring data, we aimed at building models able to estimate the risk of stream impairment by many types of anthropogenic pressures from taxonomy-based and trait-based characteristics of diatom assemblages. Random forest models were built to individually evaluate the impairment risk of diatom assemblages for six chemical and five hydromorphological or land-use related pressure categories. Eight models provided good impairment risk assessment (Area Under the Curve≥0.70). Under multi-pressure scenarios, models built for chemical pressures exhibited a better accuracy than hydromorphological or land-use related ones. Models were able to detect both ecological restoration and degradation, based on long-term surveys. These models have been implemented in a R user-friendly routine, to help stream managers to early identify degrading processes and prioritize management actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Larras
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, University of Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France; Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Romain Coulaud
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, University of Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, 76063 Le Havre, France
| | - Edwige Gautreau
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, University of Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France; Laboratory for Ecology of Natural and Anthropized Hydrosystems (LEHNA), CNRS UMR 5023, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elise Billoir
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, University of Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Juliette Rosebery
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Changes Research Unit, IRSTEA, 33612 Cestas, France
| | - Philippe Usseglio-Polatera
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, University of Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Thorngren JL, Harwood AD, Murphy TM, Huff Hartz KE, Fung CY, Lydy MJ. Fate and risk of atrazine and sulfentrazone to nontarget species at an agriculture site. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1301-1310. [PMID: 27779324 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the risk associated with the application and co-occurrence of 2 herbicides, atrazine and sulfentrazone, applied to a 32-ha corn and soybean rotational field. Field concentrations of the compounds were measured in soil, runoff water, and groundwater, with peak mean atrazine and sulfentrazone concentrations found in the soil (144 ng/g dry wt, and 318 ng/g dry wt, respectively). Individual and mixture laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the effects of atrazine and sulfentrazone on the survival of Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas, the germination of Lactuca sativa, and the growth of Pseudokirchneriella subcapita and Lemna minor. Pseudokirchneriella subcapita and L. minor were the most susceptible species tested, and the effects on growth of the herbicides in mixtures best fit an independent action model. Risk quotients and margin of safety of 10% (MOS10) values were used to estimate risk and were calculated using runoff water concentrations. The MOS10 values were more sensitive than risk quotients in estimating risk. The MOS10 value for sulfentrazone runoff water concentration effects on P. subcapita was 7.8, and for L. minor was 1.1, with MOS10 values < 1 indicating potential risk. Overall, the environmentally relevant concentrations fell below the effect concentrations; therefore, atrazine and sulfentrazone posed little to no risk to the nontarget species tested. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1301-1310. © 2016 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Thorngren
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Amanda D Harwood
- Departments of Environmental Studies and Biology, Alma College, Alma, Michigan, USA
| | - Tracye M Murphy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Kara E Huff Hartz
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Courtney Y Fung
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schreiner VC, Szöcs E, Bhowmik AK, Vijver MG, Schäfer RB. Pesticide mixtures in streams of several European countries and the USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:680-689. [PMID: 27589819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the multitude of pesticides used in agriculture, adjacent streams are typically exposed to pesticide mixtures. Previous studies analysed the ecological risks of a few pesticide mixtures or were limited to an individual region or crop, whereas a large scale analysis of pesticide mixtures is missing. We analysed routine monitoring data from Germany, France, the Netherlands and the USA comprising a total of 4532 sites and 56,084 sampling occasions with the aim to identify the most frequently detected pesticides, their metabolites and mixtures. The most frequently detected compounds were dominated by herbicides and their metabolites. Mixtures mostly comprised of two up to five compounds, whereas mixtures in the USA and France had clearly less compounds than those of Germany and the Netherlands. The number of detected pesticides and thereby the size of mixtures is positively correlated to the number of measured pesticides (r=0.57). In contrast, a low relationship was found to the ratio of agricultural areas within the catchment (r=0.17), and no relationship was found to the size of the catchment (r=0.06). Overall, our study provides priority mixtures for different countries that may be used for future ecotoxicological studies to improve risk assessment for stream ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena C Schreiner
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Eduard Szöcs
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Avit Kumar Bhowmik
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, NL-2333 Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Knežević V, Tunić T, Gajić P, Marjan P, Savić D, Tenji D, Teodorović I. Getting More Ecologically Relevant Information from Laboratory Tests: Recovery of Lemna minor After Exposure to Herbicides and Their Mixtures. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 71:572-588. [PMID: 27757496 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recovery after exposure to herbicides-atrazine, isoproturon, and trifluralin-their binary and ternary mixtures, was studied under laboratory conditions using a slightly adapted standard protocol for Lemna minor. The objectives of the present study were (1) to compare empirical to predicted toxicity of selected herbicide mixtures; (2) to assess L. minor recovery potential after exposure to selected individual herbicides and their mixtures; and (3) to suggest an appropriate recovery potential assessment approach and endpoint in a modified laboratory growth inhibition test. The deviation of empirical from predicted toxicity was highest in binary mixtures of dissimilarly acting herbicides. The concentration addition model slightly underestimated mixture effects, indicating potential synergistic interactions between photosynthetic inhibitors (atrazine and isoproturon) and a cell mitosis inhibitor (trifluralin). Recovery after exposure to the binary mixture of atrazine and isoproturon was fast and concentration-independent: no significant differences between relative growth rates (RGRs) in any of the mixtures (IC10Mix, 25Mix, and 50Mix) versus control level were recorded in the last interval of the recovery phase. The recovery of the plants exposed to binary and ternary mixtures of dissimilarly acting herbicides was strictly concentration-dependent. Only plants exposed to IC10Mix, regardless of the herbicides, recovered RGRs close to control level in the last interval of the recovery phase. The inhibition of the RGRs in the last interval of the recovery phase compared with the control level is a proposed endpoint that could inform on reversibility of the effects and indicate possible mixture effects on plant population recovery potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varja Knežević
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Dositej Obradović Square 3, 21 000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Tanja Tunić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Dositej Obradović Square 3, 21 000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Pero Gajić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Dositej Obradović Square 3, 21 000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Patricija Marjan
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Dositej Obradović Square 3, 21 000, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Danko Savić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Dositej Obradović Square 3, 21 000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dina Tenji
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Dositej Obradović Square 3, 21 000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Teodorović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Dositej Obradović Square 3, 21 000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wilkinson AD, Collier CJ, Flores F, Negri AP. Acute and additive toxicity of ten photosystem-II herbicides to seagrass. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17443. [PMID: 26616444 PMCID: PMC4663499 DOI: 10.1038/srep17443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II herbicides are transported to inshore marine waters, including those
of the Great Barrier Reef, and are usually detected in complex mixtures. These
herbicides inhibit photosynthesis, which can deplete energy reserves and reduce
growth in seagrass, but the toxicity of some of these herbicides to seagrass is
unknown and combined effects of multiple herbicides on seagrass has not been tested.
Here we assessed the acute phytotoxicity of 10 PSII herbicides to the seagrass
Halophila ovalis over 24 and/or 48 h. Individual herbicides
exhibited a broad range of toxicities with inhibition of photosynthetic activity
(∆F/Fm′) by 50% at
concentrations ranging from 3.5 μg
l−1 (ametryn) to 132 μg
l−1 (fluometuron). We assessed potential additivity
using the Concentration Addition model of joint action for binary mixtures of diuron
and atrazine as well as complex mixtures of all 10 herbicides. The effects of both
mixture types were largely additive, validating the application of additive effects
models for calculating the risk posed by multiple PSII herbicides to seagrasses.
This study extends seagrass ecotoxicological data to ametryn, metribuzin, bromacil,
prometryn and fluometuron and demonstrates that low concentrations of PSII herbicide
mixtures have the potential to impact ecologically relevant endpoints in seagrass,
including ∆F/Fm′.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Wilkinson
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Catherine J Collier
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.,Centre for Tropical Water &Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - Florita Flores
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Siebman C, Velev OD, Slaveykova VI. Two-Dimensional Algal Collection and Assembly by Combining AC-Dielectrophoresis with Fluorescence Detection for Contaminant-Induced Oxidative Stress Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2015; 5:319-36. [PMID: 26083806 PMCID: PMC4493552 DOI: 10.3390/bios5020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An alternative current (AC) dielectrophoretic lab-on-chip setup was evaluated as a rapid tool of capture and assembly of microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in two-dimensional (2D) close-packed arrays. An electric field of 100 V·cm⁻¹, 100 Hz applied for 30 min was found optimal to collect and assemble the algae into single-layer structures of closely packed cells without inducing cellular oxidative stress. Combined with oxidative stress specific staining and fluorescence microscopy detection, the capability of using the 2D whole-cell assembly on-chip to follow the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress during short-term exposure to several environmental contaminants, including mercury, methylmercury, copper, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), and diuron was explored. The results showed significant increase of the cellular ROS when C. reinhardtii was exposed to high concentrations of methylmercury, CuO-NPs, and 10⁻⁵ M Cu. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of combining AC-dielectrophoretically assembled two-dimensional algal structures with cell metabolic analysis using fluorescence staining, as a rapid analytical tool for probing the effect of contaminants in highly impacted environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Siebman
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Institute F.-A. Forel, Earth and Environmental Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 10 route de Suisse, Versoix CH-1290, Switzerland.
| | - Orlin D Velev
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Institute F.-A. Forel, Earth and Environmental Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 10 route de Suisse, Versoix CH-1290, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rubira RJG, Camacho SA, Aoki PHB, Maximino MD, Alessio P, Martin CS, Oliveira ON, Fatore FM, Paulovich FV, Constantino CJL. Detection of trace levels of atrazine using surface-enhanced Raman scattering and information visualization. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Kumar KS, Dahms HU, Lee JS, Kim HC, Lee WC, Shin KH. Algal photosynthetic responses to toxic metals and herbicides assessed by chlorophyll a fluorescence. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 104:51-71. [PMID: 24632123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence is established as a rapid, non-intrusive technique to monitor photosynthetic performance of plants and algae, as well as to analyze their protective responses. Apart from its utility in determining the physiological status of photosynthesizers in the natural environment, chlorophyll a fluorescence-based methods are applied in ecophysiological and toxicological studies to examine the effect of environmental changes and pollutants on plants and algae (microalgae and seaweeds). Pollutants or environmental changes cause alteration of the photosynthetic capacity which could be evaluated by fluorescence kinetics. Hence, evaluating key fluorescence parameters and assessing photosynthetic performances would provide an insight regarding the probable causes of changes in photosynthetic performances. This technique quintessentially provides non-invasive determination of changes in the photosynthetic apparatus prior to the appearance of visible damage. It is reliable, economically feasible, time-saving, highly sensitive, versatile, accurate, non-invasive and portable; thereby comprising an excellent alternative for detecting pollution. The present review demonstrates the applicability of chlorophyll a fluorescence in determining photochemical responses of algae exposed to environmental toxicants (such as toxic metals and herbicides).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Suresh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Green Life Science Department, College of Convergence, Sangmyung University, 7 Hongij-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Hyung Chul Kim
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chan Lee
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Beyer J, Petersen K, Song Y, Ruus A, Grung M, Bakke T, Tollefsen KE. Environmental risk assessment of combined effects in aquatic ecotoxicology: a discussion paper. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 96:81-91. [PMID: 24246633 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental regulatory edicts within the EU, such as the regulatory framework for chemicals REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals), the Water Framework Directive (WFD), and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) focus mainly on toxicity assessment of individual chemicals although the effect of contaminant mixtures is a matter of increasing concern. This discussion paper provides an overview of the field of combined effects in aquatic ecotoxicology and addresses some of the major challenges related to assessment of combined effects in connection with environmental risk assessment (ERA) and regulation. Potentials and obstacles related to different experimental, modelling and predictive ERA approaches are described. On-going ERA guideline and manual developments in Europe aiming to incorporate combined effects of contaminants, the use of different experimental approaches for providing combined effect data, the involvement of biomarkers to characterize Mode of Action and toxicity pathways and efforts to identify relevant risk scenarios related to combined effects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Beyer
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research - NIVA, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; University of Stavanger, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Karina Petersen
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research - NIVA, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research - NIVA, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences - UMB, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Ruus
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research - NIVA, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Grung
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research - NIVA, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Bakke
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research - NIVA, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research - NIVA, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences - UMB, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sjollema SB, Martínezgarcía G, van der Geest HG, Kraak MHS, Booij P, Vethaak AD, Admiraal W. Hazard and risk of herbicides for marine microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 187:106-111. [PMID: 24463473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to their specific effect on photosynthesis, herbicides pose a potential threat to coastal and estuarine microalgae. However, comprehensive understanding of the hazard and risk of these contaminants is currently lacking. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the toxic effects of four ubiquitous herbicides (atrazine, diuron, Irgarol(®)1051 and isoproturon) and herbicide mixtures on marine microalgae. Using a Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometry based bioassay we demonstrated a clear species and herbicide specific toxicity and showed that the current environmental legislation does not protect algae sufficiently against diuron and isoproturon. Although a low actual risk of herbicides in the field was demonstrated, monitoring data revealed that concentrations occasionally reach potential effect levels. Hence it cannot be excluded that herbicides contribute to observed changes in phytoplankton species composition in coastal waters, but this is likely to occur only occasionally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha B Sjollema
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gema Martínezgarcía
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Harm G van der Geest
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel H S Kraak
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Petra Booij
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A Dick Vethaak
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Deltares, Marine and Coastal Systems, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim Admiraal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Moreau P, Burgeot T, Renault T. Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hemocyte are not affected by a mixture of pesticides in short-term in vitro assays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4940-9. [PMID: 23818075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are frequently detected in estuaries among the pollutants found in estuarine and coastal areas and may have major ecological consequences. They could endanger organism growth, reproduction, or survival. In the context of high-mortality outbreaks affecting Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in France since 2008, it appears of importance to determine the putative effects of pesticides on oyster susceptibility to infectious agents. Massive mortality outbreaks reported in this species, mainly in spring and summer, may suggest an important role played by the seasonal use of pesticides and freshwater input in estuarine areas where oyster farms are frequently located. To understand the impact of some pesticides detected in French waters, their effects on Pacific oyster hemocytes were studied through short-term in vitro experiments. Bivalve immunity is mainly supported by hemocytes eliminating pathogens by phagocytosis and producing compounds including lysosomal enzymes and antimicrobial molecules. In this study, oyster hemocytes were incubated with a mixture of 14 pesticides and metaldehyde alone, a molecule used to eliminate land mollusks. Hemocyte parameters including dead/alive cells, nonspecific esterase activities, intracytoplasmic calcium, lysosome number and activity, and phagocytosis were monitored by flow cytometry. No significant effect of pesticides tested at different concentrations was reported on oyster hemocytes maintained in vitro for short-term periods in the present study. It could be assumed that these oyster cells were resistant to pesticide exposure in tested conditions and developing in vivo assays appears as necessary to better understand the effects of pollutants on immune system in mollusks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Moreau
- Ifremer (Institut Français pour la Recherche et l'Exploitation de la Mer), Unité Santé Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, 17390, La Tremblade, France,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ni Y, Lai J, Wan J, Chen L. Photosynthetic responses and accumulation of mesotrione in two freshwater algae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:2288-2294. [PMID: 25059419 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00254g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesotrione is a herbicide used for killing annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds in maize. A recent investigation has shown that mesotrione has been detected as an organic contaminant in aquatic environments and may have a negative impact on aquatic organisms. To evaluate the eco-toxicity of mesotrione to algae, experiments focusing on photosynthetic responses and mesotrione accumulation in Microcystis sp. and Scenedesmus quadricauda were carried out. Both algae treated with mesotrione at 0.05-10 mg L(-1) for 7 days reduced the photosynthetic capacity. The fluorescence of chlorophyll a, the maximal PSII activity (Fv/Fm), and the parameters (Ik, α and ETRmax) of rapid light curves (RLCs) in both algae were decreased under mesotrione exposure. The 96 h EC50 values for mesotrione on S. quadricauda and Microcystis sp. were 4.41 and 6.19 mg L(-1), respectively. The latter shows more tolerance to mesotrione. Mesotrione was shown to be readily accumulated by both species. Such uptake of mesotrione led to the rapid removal of mesotrione from the medium. Overall, this study represents the initial comprehensive analyses of Microcystis sp. and S. quadricauda in adaptation to the mesotrione contaminated aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Larras F, Lambert AS, Pesce S, Rimet F, Bouchez A, Montuelle B. The effect of temperature and a herbicide mixture on freshwater periphytic algae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 98:162-70. [PMID: 24119653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a strong driver of biofilm formation and of the dynamics of microalgae in freshwater. Moreover, exposure to herbicides is a well-known stressor of periphytic communities in anthropized aquatic environments. We tested these two environmental factors on periphytic communities that had been sampled from the littoral zone of Lake Geneva and acclimatized in the lab for 3 weeks at 18, 21, 24 and 28 °C. After this acclimation period, differences in the composition of the diatom community and decreases in cell density were observed corresponding to the temperature gradient. These acclimated communities were then exposed to 23 and 140 nM of a mixture composed of equitoxic quantities of atrazine, terbutryn, diuron and isoproturon. The periphytic community was more sensitive to the herbicide mixture at 18 °C than at higher temperatures, suggesting that higher temperature reduced its toxicity. Small and pioneer diatom species known to be promoted by contamination also appeared to benefit from higher temperatures. Temperature therefore appears to condition the herbicide sensitivity of periphytic communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Larras
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 0042 Carrtel, Thonon, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Babut M, Arts GH, Barra Caracciolo A, Carluer N, Domange N, Friberg N, Gouy V, Grung M, Lagadic L, Martin-Laurent F, Mazzella N, Pesce S, Real B, Reichenberger S, Roex EWM, Romijn K, Röttele M, Stenrød M, Tournebize J, Vernier F, Vindimian E. Pesticide risk assessment and management in a globally changing world--report from a European interdisciplinary workshop. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:8298-312. [PMID: 23975709 PMCID: PMC3824372 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Babut
- Irstea, UR MALY, 5 rue de la Doua, CS70077, 69626, Villeurbanne, France,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Magnusson M, Heimann K, Ridd M, Negri AP. Pesticide contamination and phytotoxicity of sediment interstitial water to tropical benthic microalgae. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:5211-5221. [PMID: 23870432 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many organic compounds including some herbicides concentrate in sediment, thus it may be expected that interstitial waters contain higher concentrations of these contaminants than the water column. To estimate benthic microalgal exposure to pesticides, sediment and interstitial water sampled in the dry season from four major rivers in north Queensland, Australia, were analysed for these contaminants. Interstitial water extracts from the sediments were tested for acute phytotoxicity to benthic microalgae using PAM fluorometry and the results were compared with chemical analyses of the same water samples. A range of pesticides were detected in both sediment and interstitial waters from all sites, notably the herbicide diuron at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 11 μg kg(-1) dry weight sediment, and up to 68 ng L(-1) in interstitial waters. Herbicide concentrations estimated from partition coefficients and the sediment concentrations typically overestimated analytically determined concentrations present in interstitial water by an order of magnitude. The analytically determined herbicide concentrations in the interstitial water explained most of the phytotoxicity measured with the bioassay; however, photoinhibition was slightly higher than expected based on analytical results, indicating the presence of unidentified phytotoxins. These results demonstrate the presence of pesticides in interstitial waters in the Tropical dry season, sometimes at concentrations that may affect sensitive benthic organisms, and supports the use of the I-PAM bioassay as a valuable tool in exposure- and environmental risk- and impact-assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Magnusson
- AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Altenburger R, Backhaus T, Boedeker W, Faust M, Scholze M. Simplifying complexity: Mixture toxicity assessment in the last 20 years. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:1685-7. [PMID: 23843317 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Altenburger
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Knauer K, Hommen U. Environmental quality standards for mixtures: a case study with a herbicide mixture tested in outdoor mesocosms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 89:196-203. [PMID: 23273621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Traces of pesticides are frequently detected in surface waters. As a consequence, specific environmental quality criteria (EQS) for a set of single pesticides in surface waters were defined by the environmental authorities in several countries. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate if the sum of the five percentile hazard concentration (ΣHC(5-95 percent), meaning that 5 percent of the aquatic assemblage remains affected considering a 95 percent confidence interval) of three herbicides with the same mode of action derived from a species sensitivity distribution based on acute toxicity data (EC(50) values) of the most sensitive taxonomic group is a suitable EQS for surface water addressing the occurrence of herbicide mixtures as common exposure scenario. Therefore, an outdoor mesocosm study was performed with three replicates per treatment for a period of 173 days. Results demonstrated that a constant long-term exposure over 35 days to the HC(5-95 percent) of a mixture of three PSII inhibitors did not lead to adverse effects on the aquatic community in this field mesocosm study. Neither adverse effects on very sensitive functional endpoints such as photosynthesis measurements of algae and macrophytes nor adverse effects on structural endpoints such as abundance data and species composition were determined. In contrast and as a positive control, the HC(30) treatment affected statistically significant all investigated endpoints and it was demonstrated that the PSII inhibitors acted additive on various level of organization (Knauert et al., 2008). This study is filling the gap that no empirical evidence is published indicating that the chronic exposure at the HC(5-95 percent) estimate is leading to no adverse effects for the aquatic community and is therefore a suitable EQS for surface waters in the agriculture landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Knauer
- University of Basel, Program Sustainability Research, Klingelbergstr 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Larras F, Bouchez A, Rimet F, Montuelle B. Using bioassays and species sensitivity distributions to assess herbicide toxicity towards benthic diatoms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44458. [PMID: 22952981 PMCID: PMC3431383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although benthic diatoms are widely used in ecological studies of aquatic systems, there is still a dearth of data concerning species sensitivities towards several contaminants. Within the same community, different species may respond differently depending on their physiological and ecological characteristics. This lack of knowledge makes specific appropriate risk assessment impossible. To find out whether species sensitivity distribution (SSD) could be used to estimate the risk of herbicide toxicity for diatoms, we need to know whether their sensitivity depends on their physiological and ecological characteristics. We carried out single-species bioassays on 11 diatom species exposed to 8 herbicides. Dose-responses relationships were used to extrapolate the Effective Concentration 5 (EC5) and the Effective Concentration 50 (EC50) for each exposure. These data were used to fit a SSD curve for each herbicide, and to determine the Hazardous concentration 5 (HC5) and 50 (HC50). Our results revealed a high level of variability of the sensitivity in the set of species tested. For photosystem-II inhibitor (PSII) herbicides, diatoms species displayed a typical grouping of sensitivity levels consistent with their trophic mode and their ecological guild. N-heterotroph and “motile” guild species were more tolerant of PSII inhibitors, while N-autotroph and “low profile” guild species were more sensitive. Comprehensive SSD curves were obtained for 5 herbicides, but not for sulfonylurea herbicides or for dimetachlor, which had toxicity levels that were below the range of concentration tested. The SSD curves provided the following ranking of toxicity: diuron> terbutryn> isoproturon> atrazine> metolachlor. The HC that affected 5% of the species revealed that, even at the usual environmental concentrations of herbicides, diatom assemblages could be affected, especially by isoproturon, terbutryn, and diuron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Larras
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 0042, Carrtel, Thonon, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Morin S, Pesce S, Kim-Tiam S, Libert X, Coquery M, Mazzella N. Use of polar organic chemical integrative samplers to assess the effects of chronic pesticide exposure on biofilms. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:1570-1580. [PMID: 22531901 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The responses of aquatic organisms to chronic exposure to environmental concentrations of toxicants, often found in mixtures, are poorly documented. Here passive sampler extracts were used in experimental contamination of laboratory channels, to investigate their effects on natural biofilm communities. A realistic mixture of pesticides extracted from Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers was used to expose biofilms in laboratory channels to total pesticide concentrations averaging 0.5 ± 0.1 μg l⁻¹. The level of exposure was representative of field conditions in terms of relative proportions of the substances but the exposure concentration was not maintained (decreasing concentrations between contamination occasions). The impact on the structural as well as the functional characteristics of the autotrophic and heterotrophic components was determined, using biofilm grown in uncontaminated conditions (reference site) and in sites exposed to pesticides (contaminated site). The exposure imposed did not significantly modify the structure or functions of reference biofilms, nor did it modify tolerance as measured by mixture EC₅₀ (EC₅₀ mix). In contrast, the communities from the more contaminated downstream section lost tolerance following decreased dose exposure, but community composition remained fairly stable. Overall, these results indicate that low levels of contamination did not lead to strong changes in community structure, and 14-day changes in tolerance seemed to depend mainly on physiological adaptation, suggesting that other environmental factors or longer-lasting processes prevailed. This study reports the first attempt to use passive sampler extracts as a realistic composite contaminant for experimental exposure of biofilms, with promising perspectives in further ecotoxicology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soizic Morin
- Irstea, UR REBX, 50 Avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Knauer K, Hommen U. Sensitivity, variability, and recovery of functional and structural endpoints of an aquatic community exposed to herbicides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 78:178-183. [PMID: 22153306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A mesocosm study with three photosystem-II inhibitors and an equipotent mixture was performed to address the value of functional and structural endpoints in evaluating the impact of herbicides on aquatic systems. The herbicides atrazine, diuron, and isoproturon were dosed in the ratio of their relative potencies as HC30 for the single substance treatments and as 1/3 HC30 for the mixture treatment to obtain comparable effect concentrations. To investigate the effects of the three herbicides and their mixture on photosynthesis of the whole system, the physical-chemical parameters pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity were monitored. To address effects on photosynthesis more specifically, the photosynthetic efficiency of phytoplankton and three submersed macrophytes (Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Potamogeton lucens) were investigated applying in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator for their activity. As a structural endpoint, the species abundance and community structure of the phytoplankton community was determined. Effects were continuously monitored over a five week period of constant exposure, and during a 3 month post-exposure period. The sensitivity, expressed as maximum effect during constant exposure, was higher for the structural parameters (total and single species abundances and PRC) than for the functional parameters. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) for the physical-chemical parameters was below 10%, for the photosynthesis measurement of the phytoplankton and macrophytes below 10 and 30%, respectively. Structural parameters, however, yielded higher variability with mean CVs for phytoplankton abundance data and single sensitive species reaching up to 96%. Effects on the phytoplankton photosynthesis measured via in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence were constant during the exposure period; whereas macrophytes recovered quickly from photosynthesis inhibition despite constant exposure. Effects on total system photosynthesis, determined via physical-chemical parameters, lasted for a shorter period than for the phytoplankton photosynthesis demonstrating the importance of the macrophytes for total primary production. Thus, the evaluation of effects on communities in model ecosystems such as micro- and mesocosms should not be based on structural endpoints only due to their comparably high inherent variability. Instead, we recommend complementing the risk assessment with data obtained from sensitive functional endpoints addressing the specific mode of action of the respective compound for the most sensitive group of organisms to avoid over-estimation of the recovery potential of the aquatic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Knauer
- University of Basel, Program for Sustainability Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fojut TL, Palumbo AJ, Tjeerdema RS. Aquatic life water quality criteria derived via the UC Davis method: III. Diuron. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 216:105-141. [PMID: 22298114 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2260-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa L Fojut
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8588, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Backhaus T, Porsbring T, Arrhenius A, Brosche S, Johansson P, Blanck H. Single-substance and mixture toxicity of five pharmaceuticals and personal care products to marine periphyton communities. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:2030-2040. [PMID: 21647943 DOI: 10.1002/etc.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The single-substance and mixture toxicity of five pharmaceuticals and personal care products (fluoxetine, propranolol, triclosan, zinc-pyrithione, and clotrimazole) to marine microalgal communities (periphyton) was investigated. All compounds proved to be toxic, with median effective concentration values (EC50s) between 1,800 nmol/L (triclosan) and 7.2 nmol/L (Zn-pyrithione). With an EC50 of 356 nmol/L, the toxicity of the mixture falls into this span, indicating the absence of strong synergisms or antagonisms. In fact, a comparison with mixture toxicity predictions by the classical mixture concepts of concentration addition and independent action showed a good predictability in the upper effect range. However, the mixture provoked stimulating effects (hormesis) in the lower effect range, hampering the application of either concept. An independent repetition of the mixture experiment resulted in a principally similar concentration-response curve, again with clear hormesis effects in the lower range of test concentrations. However, the curve was shifted toward higher effect concentrations (EC50 1,070 nmol/L), which likely is due to changes in the initial species composition. Clear mixture effects were observed even when all five components were present only at their individual no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs). These results show that, even with respect to mixtures of chemically and functionally dissimilar compounds, such as the five pharmaceuticals and personal care products investigated, environmental quality standards must take possible mixture effects from low-effect concentrations of individual compounds into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pesce S, Morin S, Lissalde S, Montuelle B, Mazzella N. Combining polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) with toxicity testing to evaluate pesticide mixture effects on natural phototrophic biofilms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:735-741. [PMID: 21177009 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) are valuable tools in passive sampling methods for monitoring polar organic pesticides in freshwaters. Pesticides extracted from the environment using such methods can be used to toxicity tests. This study evaluated the acute effects of POCIS extracts on natural phototrophic biofilm communities. Our results demonstrate an effect of POCIS pesticide mixtures on chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic efficiency and community structure. Nevertheless, the range of biofilm responses differs according to origin of the biofilms tested, revealing spatial variations in the sensitivity of natural communities in the studied stream. Combining passive sampler extracts with community-level toxicity tests offers promising perspectives for ecological risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Pesce
- Cemagref, UR MALY, 3 bis quai Chauveau - CP 220, F-69336 Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pesce S, Bouchez A, Montuelle B. Effects of organic herbicides on phototrophic microbial communities in freshwater ecosystems. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 214:87-124. [PMID: 21913126 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0668-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, significant research efforts have been channeled into assessing the effects of organic herbicides on freshwater phototrophic microbial communities. The results of this research are reviewed herein. The main conclusions we have reached after performing this review can be summarized into five points: · Most relevant assessments have dealt with the effects of triazine and phenylurea herbicides. Herbicides from these chemical classes are often considered to be model compounds when photosystem-II inhibitors are studied. · Until the early 2000s, the vast majority of investigations conducted to evaluate herbicide effects on phototropic microbes were performed in microcosms or mesocosms. In such studies, herbicides were usually applied alone, and often at concentrations much higher than those detected in the environment. More recently, the trend has been toward more realistic and relevant studies, in which lower herbicide concentrations were considered, and compound mixtures or successive treatments were tested. Increasingly, in situ studies are being designed to directly evaluate microbial community responses, following chemical exposures in contaminated aquatic environments. · Several biological end points are used to evaluate how organisms in the phototrophic microbial community respond to herbicide exposure. These end points allow the detection of quantitative changes, such as chl a concentrations, total cell counts or periphytic biomass, qualitative changes such as community structure to algal diversity, or functional changes such as photosynthesis and respiration, among others. They may give different and complementary information concerning the responses of microbial communities. · PICT approaches, which have generally combined functional and structural measurements, may prove to be valuable for assessing both an immediate impact, and for factoring in the contamination history of an ecosystem at the community level. · Finally, any relevant assessment of pesticide effects should incorporate a detailed environmental characterization that would include abiotic parameters (light, flow speed, nutrient content), or biotic parameters (diversity and structure of biofilms), because these control the bioavailability of pesticides, and thereby the exposure of microbial communities. To improve the value of ecotoxicological risk assessments, future research is needed in two key areas: first, more information on the effects of pollutants at the community level must be obtained (new tools and new end points), and second, more effort must be directed to reinforce the ecological relevance of toxicological investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Pesce
- Cemagref, UR MALY, 3bis quai Chauveau, CP 220, Lyon cedex 09 69336, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Porsbring T, Backhaus T, Johansson P, Kuylenstierna M, Blanck H. Mixture toxicity from photosystem II inhibitors on microalgal community succession is predictable by concentration addition. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2010; 29:2806-13. [PMID: 20836067 DOI: 10.1002/etc.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The typical pollution situation involves chemical mixtures, and assessing the risks of single chemicals one at a time is not sufficient. Concentration addition (CA) has been suggested as a predictive tool in mixture ecotoxicology. The accuracy of CA for mixtures of similarly acting chemicals has been demonstrated under relatively simple biological conditions in single-species tests. To consider the high diversity of interconnected species in ecosystems, one must evaluate CA on a community level of biological organization. We sampled marine periphyton communities from the west coast of Sweden and exposed them to photosystem II (PSII) inhibiting herbicides for 4 d in the SWIFT test, a semistatic, small-scale laboratory test. During this time, the communities went through an ecological succession, influenced by the toxicants in a concentration-dependent manner. Multidimensional scaling was used to assess similarities in the effects of two different sets of PSII inhibitors on pigment profiles, which reflects the taxonomic structure and the physiological status of the microalgal community. One mixture of structurally congeneric phenylureas and one mixture of non-congeneric PSII inhibitors were tested. All PSII inhibitors and their mixtures caused similar changes in the pigment profiles, demonstrating that they not only have a similar biochemical mechanism of action but also are similarly acting on a community level. Concentration addition accurately predicted the effects of both mixtures over the entire effect range. This demonstrates that chemical congenericity is not required for a high predictive power of CA. Instead, in perfect analogy to the situation in single-species tests, a similar mode of action is a sufficient prerequisite for a successful application of CA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Porsbring
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pesce S, Lissalde S, Lavieille D, Margoum C, Mazzella N, Roubeix V, Montuelle B. Evaluation of single and joint toxic effects of diuron and its main metabolites on natural phototrophic biofilms using a pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) approach. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 99:492-499. [PMID: 20638141 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the single and joint acute toxicity of diuron and two of its metabolites (DCPMU and 3,4-DCA) on natural phototrophic biofilms using a PICT approach with photosynthesis bioassays. River biofilm communities were collected at three sampling stations exhibiting increasing concentrations of diuron, DCPMU and 3,4-DCA from upstream to downstream. Applied individually, the parent compound was more toxic than its metabolites, with DCPMU being more toxic than 3,4-DCA which only inhibited photosynthesis at very high concentrations (EC25 at about 5 mg/l). Sensitivity of biofilm communities to diuron and DCPMU decreased from upstream to downstream, revealing tolerance induction in contaminated sections of the river, as expected from the PICT concept. Nevertheless, PICT was not applicable for 3,4-DCA, which similarly affected upstream, intermediate and downstream biofilm communities. Chemical mixtures of diuron and DCPMU demonstrated additive effects whereas combinations with 3,4-DCA enhanced the observed effects. Our results reveal that the individual and combined presence of diuron and DCPMU in lotic ecosystems can have both short-term effects (as shown with bioassays) and long-term effects (as shown through the PICT approach) on phototrophic biofilms, whereas environmental concentrations of 3,4-DCA may not affect biofilm photosynthetic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Pesce
- Cemagref, UR MALY, 3bis Quai Chauveau-CP 220, F-69336 Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Laviale M, Prygiel J, Créach A. Light modulated toxicity of isoproturon toward natural stream periphyton photosynthesis: a comparison between constant and dynamic light conditions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 97:334-342. [PMID: 20116867 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study tested if a variation in light intensity, in comparison to constant light required in well-designed toxicity test, could have measurable consequences on the sensitivity of phototrophic biofilms (periphyton) to isoproturon. Two independent experiments were carried out to investigate the combined effects of light and isoproturon on the photochemical behavior of intact natural biofilms by measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and pigment composition. Experiment 1 consisted of exposing biofilms to series of isoproturon concentrations (0-2 mg L(-1)) for 7 h under constant light at different irradiance levels (25-300 micromol m(-2) s(-1)). In experiment 2, biofilms were exposed using more environmentally realistic conditions to three selected concentrations of isoproturon (2, 6 and 20 microg L(-1)) during a 7-h-simulated daily light cycle. Our results demonstrated that light, considered here as a direct physical stressor, slightly modulated the acute toxicity of isoproturon on these diatom dominated communities. This was attributed to the fact that these two factors act specifically on the photosynthetic activity. Furthermore, it was shown that a dynamic light regime increased periphyton sensitivity to isoproturon by challenging its photoprotective mechanisms such as the xanthophyll cycle, therefore implying that traditional ecotoxicological bioassays lead to underestimate the effect of isoproturon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Laviale
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille-Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
David JP, Coissac E, Melodelima C, Poupardin R, Riaz MA, Chandor-Proust A, Reynaud S. Transcriptome response to pollutants and insecticides in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti using next-generation sequencing technology. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:216. [PMID: 20356352 PMCID: PMC2867825 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The control of mosquitoes transmitting infectious diseases relies mainly on the use of chemical insecticides. However, mosquito control programs are now threatened by the emergence of insecticide resistance. Hitherto, most research efforts have been focused on elucidating the molecular basis of inherited resistance. Less attention has been paid to the short-term response of mosquitoes to insecticides and pollutants which could have a significant impact on insecticide efficacy. Here, a combination of LongSAGE and Solexa sequencing was used to perform a deep transcriptome analysis of larvae of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti exposed for 48 h to sub-lethal doses of three chemical insecticides and three anthropogenic pollutants. RESULTS Thirty millions 20 bp cDNA tags were sequenced, mapped to the mosquito genome and clustered, representing 6850 known genes and 4868 additional clusters not located within predicted genes. Mosquitoes exposed to insecticides or anthropogenic pollutants showed considerable modifications of their transcriptome. Genes encoding cuticular proteins, transporters, and enzymes involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and detoxification processes were particularly affected. Genes and molecular mechanisms potentially involved in xenobiotic response and insecticide tolerance were identified. CONCLUSIONS The method used in the present study appears as a powerful approach for investigating fine transcriptome variations in genome-sequenced organisms and can provide useful informations for the detection of novel transcripts. At the biological level, despite low concentrations and no apparent phenotypic effects, the significant impact of these xenobiotics on mosquito transcriptomes raise important questions about the 'hidden impact' of anthropogenic pollutants on ecosystems and consequences on vector control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe David
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA, UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble), France
| | - Eric Coissac
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA, UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble), France
| | | | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA, UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble), France
| | - Muhammad Asam Riaz
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA, UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble), France
| | | | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA, UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble), France
| |
Collapse
|