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Song X, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wen Y, Wang Y. Natural mineral colloids facilitated transport of EE2 in saturated porous media: Effects of humic acid and conjugate form. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 265:104387. [PMID: 38896908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Steroid estrogens have posed significant ecological risks to aquatic organisms due to their potent endocrine-disrupting effects. The role of natural mineral colloids in facilitating the transport of hydrophobic organic pollutants in the environment has been confirmed, but the control mechanisms of colloids on 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) migration in the subsurface environment are often still not well understood. This study combined the batch sorption equilibrium experiments and dynamic transport simulations to reveal the interface interactions and co-transport characteristics between illite colloids and EE2 at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. The existing form changes of EE2 and the influence of coexisting humic acid (HA) during transport in porous media were also specifically investigated. The batch experiments demonstrated that the primary mechanisms governing EE2 sorption onto illite colloids involved surface sorption and hydrogen bonding. The coexistence of HA could load onto the surface of illite colloids, thereby enhancing the colloidal sorption capacity for EE2. Transport experiments demonstrated that the migratory ability of EE2 in silty clay was limited, but illite colloids could significantly promote its penetration, with the peak penetration content (Ct/C0) increasing from 0.64 to 0.77. In the absence of HA, EE2 primarily transported in a dissolved form, accounting for 62.86% of the total concentrations. When HA concentrations were increased to 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L, the proportion of colloidal conjugate EE2 in the effluents reached 52.13% and 54.49%, respectively. The enhanced transport of EE2 by HA was primarily attributed to the improved migration ability of illite colloids and the increased proportion of illite-EE2 conjugate, resulting in a maximum Ct/C0 value of 0.94. The validity of these results was further confirmed by employing calculations based on the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek and Colloidal Filtration Theory. This study provides new insights of understanding the transport of EE2 in subsurface environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Song
- Key Lab of Eco-Restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 11044, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Qinghai 906 Engineering Survey and Design Institute Co. LTD, Xining 810001, China; Bureau of Qinghai Environmental Geological Prospecting, Xining 810001, China.
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Sichuan Geological Environment Survey and Research Center, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yujuan Wen
- Key Lab of Eco-Restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 11044, China; Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110000, China; Key Laboratory of Black Soil Evolution and Ecological Effect, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenyang 110000, China.
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Key Lab of Eco-Restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 11044, China
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2
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Hui X, Fakhri Y, Heidarinejad Z, Ranaei V, Daraei H, Mehri F, Limam I, Nam Thai V. Steroid hormones in surface water resources in China: systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic ecological risk assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2213-2229. [PMID: 37437042 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2234843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
A Search was conducted in international databases including Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from 10 January 2005 to 15 January 2023. The risk quotient (RQ) of Estrone (E1), 17β-E2 (E2), and Estriol (E3) on the surface water resources of China was calculated by Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique. The rank order of steroid hormones based on pooled (weighted average) concentration in surface water was E3 (2.15 ng/l) > E2 (2.01 ng/l) > E1 (1.385 ng/l). The concentration of E1 in Dianchi lake (236.50.00 ng/l), 17β-E2 in Licun river (78.50 ng/l), and E3 in Dianchi lake (103.1 ng/l) were higher than in other surface water resources in China. RQ related to E1, 17β-E2 and E3 in 68.00%, 88.89% and 3.92% of surface water resources were high ecological risk, respectively. Therefore, carrying out source control plans for steroid hormones in surface water sources should be conducted continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Hui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanxi Jinhou Ecological Environment Co, L td, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zoha Heidarinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ranaei
- School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hasti Daraei
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Intissar Limam
- Laboratory of Materials, Treatment and Analysis, National Institute of Research and Physicochemical Analysis, Biotechpole Sidi-Thabet; and High School for Science and Health Techniques of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Van Nam Thai
- HUTECH Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH University, 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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3
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Liu J, Zeng D, Pan J, Hu J, Zheng M, Liu W, He D, Ye Q. Effects of polyethylene microplastics occurrence on estrogens degradation in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141727. [PMID: 38499076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Growing focus has been drawn to the continuous detection of high estrogens levels in the soil environment. Additionally, microplastics (MPs) are also of growing concern worldwide, which may affect the environmental behavior of estrogens. However, little is known about effects of MPs occurrence on estrogens degradation in soil. In this study, polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) were chosen to examine the influence on six common estrogens (estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (17α-EE2)) degradation. The results indicated that PE-MPs had little effect on the degradation of E3 and DES, and slightly affected the degradation of 17α-E2, however, significantly inhibited the degradation of E1, 17α-EE2, and 17β-E2. It was explained that (i) obvious oxidation reaction occurred on the surface of PE-MPs, indicating that PE-MPs might compete with estrogens for oxidation sites, such as redox and biological oxidation; (ii) PE-MPs significantly changed the bacterial community in soil, resulting in a decline in the abundance of some bacterial communities that biodegraded estrogens. Moreover, the rough surface of PE-MPs facilitated the estrogen-degrading bacterial species (especially for E1, E2, and EE2) to adhere, which decreased their reaction to estrogens. These findings are expected to deepen the understanding of the environmental behavior of typical estrogens in the coexisting system of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jie Pan
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Jiawu Hu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Mimi Zheng
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Wangrong Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Dechun He
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Quanyun Ye
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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4
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Wakim LM, Occelli F, Paumelle M, Brousmiche D, Bouhadj L, Cuny D, Descat A, Lanier C, Deram A. Unveiling the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals in northern French soils: Land cover variability and implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169617. [PMID: 38157891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that can be found in the environment and have adverse effects on human health by mimicking, perturbing and blocking the function of hormones. They are commonly studied in water surfaces, rarely in soils, although it can be an important source of their presence in the environment. Their detection in soils is analytically challenging to quantify, hence the lack of known background concentrations found in the literature. This scientific research aimed to detect EDCs in soils by analyzing 240 soil samples using an optimized protocol of double extraction and analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The optimized protocol allowed for very sensitive detection of the targeted compounds. The results showed a high concentration of 29.391 ng/g of 17β-estradiol in soils and 47.16 ng/g for 17α-ethinylestradiol. Testosterone and Progesterone were detected at a highest of 1.02 and 6.58 ng/g, respectively. The ∑EDCs which included estrogens, progesterone, testosterone and Bisphenol A was found at an average of 22.72 ± 35.46 ng/g in the study area. The results of this campaign showed a heterogeneous geographic distribution of the EDCs compounds in the different zones of study. Additionally, the study conducted a comparison of the concentration of EDCs in different land covers including urban areas, agricultural lands, grasslands and forests. We observed a significant difference between forests and other land covers (p < 0.0001) for 17α-ethinylestradiol, estriol, and progesterone. This presence of EDCs in forest lands is not yet understood and requires further studies concerning its origins, its fate and its effect on human health. This study is the first large-scale sampling campaign targeting EDCs in soils in Europe and the second in the world. It is also the first to assess the concentrations of these compounds based on different land covers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Wakim
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - F Occelli
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, UFR3S - Faculté d'ingénierie et management de la santé (ILIS), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - M Paumelle
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - D Brousmiche
- Association pour la Prévention de la Pollution Atmosphérique APPA, F-59120 Loos, France
| | - L Bouhadj
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; Agence de Développement et d'Urbanisme de Lille Métropole, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - D Cuny
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, UFR3S - Faculté de Pharmacie de Lille, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques LSVF, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Descat
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - C Lanier
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, UFR3S - Faculté d'ingénierie et management de la santé (ILIS), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Deram
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, UFR3S - Faculté d'ingénierie et management de la santé (ILIS), F-59000 Lille, France
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5
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Gubó E, Plutzer J, Molnár T, Pordán-Háber D, Szabó L, Szalai Z, Gubó R, Szakál P, Szakál T, Környei L, Bede-Fazekas Á, Kalocsai R. A 4-year study of bovine reproductive hormones that are induced by pharmaceuticals and appear as steroid estrogenic pollutants in the resulting slurry, using in vitro and instrumental analytical methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125596-125608. [PMID: 38006481 PMCID: PMC10754748 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the research was to study the environmental "price" of the large-scale, milk production from a rarely known perspective, from the mapping of the estrogenic footprint (the amount of oestrus-inducer hormonal products, and the generated endoestrogens) in the resulting slurry in a dairy cow farm. These micropollutants are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and can be dangerous to the normal reproductive functions even at ng/kg concentration. One of them, 17ß-estradiol, has a 20,000 times stronger estrogenic effect than bisphenol-A, a widely known EDC of industrial origin. While most studies on EDCs are short-term and/or laboratory based, this study is longitudinal and field-based. We sampled the slurry pool on a quarterly basis between 2017 and 2020. Our purpose was testing the estrogenic effects using a dual approach. As an effect-based, holistic method, we developed and used the YES (yeast estrogen screen) test employing the genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJ3505 strain which contains human estrogenic receptor. For testing exact molecules, UHPLC-FLD was used. Our study points out that slurry contains a growing amount of EDCs with the risk of penetrating into the soil, crops and the food chain. Considering the Green Chemistry concept, the most benign ways to prevent of the pollution of the slurry is choosing appropriate oestrus-inducing veterinary pharmaceuticals (OIVPs) and the separation of the solid and liquid parts with adequate treatment methods. To our knowledge, this is the first paper on the adaptation of the YES test for medicine and slurry samples, extending its applicability. The adapted YES test turned out to be a sensitive, robust and reliable method for testing samples with potential estrogenic effect. Our dual approach was successful in evaluating the estrogenic effect of the slurry samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduárd Gubó
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary.
- reAgro Research and Development Ltd., Győrújbarát, Hungary.
| | - Judit Plutzer
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Molnár
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Dóra Pordán-Háber
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
- reAgro Research and Development Ltd., Győrújbarát, Hungary
| | - Lili Szabó
- Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Geographical Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szalai
- Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Geographical Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richard Gubó
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co. Ltd., Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Huairou District, Beijing, 101407, China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Pál Szakál
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szakál
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - László Környei
- Department of Mathematics and Computational Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Ákos Bede-Fazekas
- Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Lóránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renátó Kalocsai
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
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6
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Khushboo M, Sanjeev S, Murthy MK, Sunitadevi M, Dinata R, Bhanushree B, Bidanchi RM, Nisa N, Lalrinzuali S, Manikandan B, Saeed AL, Abinash G, Pori B, Arati C, Roy VK, Gurusubramanian G. Dietary phytoestrogen diosgenin interrupts metabolism, physiology, and reproduction of Swiss albino mice: Possible mode of action as an emerging environmental contaminant, endocrine disruptor and reproductive toxicant. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113798. [PMID: 37146712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary phytoestrogens are the main source of environmental contamination due to their estrogen-mimicking and endocrine-disrupting effects, posing a threat to microbial, soil, plant, and animal health. Diosgenin, a phytosteroid saponin, is used in many traditional medicines, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapies against numerous diseases and disorders. It is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with diosgenin, as well as its potential to cause reproductive and endocrine toxicity. Due to the lack of research on the safety and probable adverse side effects of diosgenin, this work evaluated the endocrine-disrupting and reproductive toxicity of diosgenin in albino mice by following acute toxicity (OECD-423), repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity (OECD-468), and F1 extended one-generation reproductive toxicity (OECD-443) studies. Diosgenin was found to be slightly toxic, with LD50 for male and female mice being 546.26 and 538.72 mg/kg, respectively. Chronic exposure of diosgenin (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) generated oxidative stress, depleted antioxidant enzymes, disturbed homeostasis of the reproductive hormones, and interrupted steroidogenesis, germ cell apoptosis, gametogenesis, sperm quality, estrous cycle, and reproductive performance in the F0 and F1 offspring. Long-term oral exposure of diosgenin to the mice disturbed the endocrine and reproductive functions and generated transgenerational reproductive toxic effects in F0 and F1 offspring. These results suggest that diosgenin should be used carefully in food products and medical applications due to its potential endocrine-disrupting and reproductive toxic effects. The findings of this study provide a better understanding of the potential adverse effects of diosgenin and the need for appropriate risk assessment and management of its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurya Khushboo
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Sanasam Sanjeev
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | | | - Maibam Sunitadevi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Roy Dinata
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Baishya Bhanushree
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | | | - Nisekhoto Nisa
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Sailo Lalrinzuali
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Bose Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Ahmed-Laskar Saeed
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Giri Abinash
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Buragohain Pori
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Chettri Arati
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
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7
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Uchida M, Addai-Arhin S, Ishibashi H, Hirano M, Fukushima S, Ishibashi Y, Tominaga N, Arizono K. Developmental toxicity and transcriptome analysis of equine estrogens in developing medaka (Oryzias latipes) using nanosecond pulsed electric field incorporation. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 266:109547. [PMID: 36621632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Equine estrogens (EQs) are steroidal hormones isolated from the urine of pregnant mares and are used in the formulation of human medications. This study initially investigated the embryonic developmental toxicity of equilin (Eq) and equilenin (Eqn) in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Malformations were observed in embryos exposed to nominal concentrations of 1 and 10 mg/L of Eq and Eqn. Delayed hatching was observed at 1 mg/L of Eq. To further investigate the molecular mechanism of developmental toxicity caused by Eq and Eqn, transcriptome and bioinformatics analyses were performed. Among 2016 and 3855 total differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 1117 DEGs overlapped between Eq. (55.4 % of total DEGs) and Eq. (29.0 % of total DEGs). Gene ontology indicated effects in terms related to blood circulation and cell junctions. Pathway analyses using DEGs revealed that both Eq and Eqn treatments at 10 mg/L affected various KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, retinol metabolism, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. These results suggest that the disruption of these KEGG pathways is involved in the developmental toxicity of EQs in medaka embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Uchida
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi-Hagio, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8585, Japan
| | - Sylvester Addai-Arhin
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Higashi-ku, Tsukide, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan; Pharmaceutical Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumasi Technical University, Post Office Box 854, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Higashi-ku, Tsukide, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Univ. St. 1-1-1, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishibashi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Higashi-ku, Tsukide, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tominaga
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi-Hagio, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8585, Japan.
| | - Koji Arizono
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Higashi-ku, Tsukide, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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8
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Hung HS, Yeh KJC, Chen TC. Investigation of free and conjugated estrogen fate and emission coefficients in three duck farms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9874-9885. [PMID: 36059016 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concentration animal feeding operation (CAFO) is an important source of environmental estrogen. However, to the best of our knowledge, the data on estrogen discharge during duck breeding and growth is insufficient. This study used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to analyze the free and conjugated estrogen concentrations in the surface water, outlet water, groundwater, and duck manure/soil mixture at three duck farms in Taiwan. Natural estrogen species included estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), estrone-3-sulfate (E1-3S), 17β-estradiol-3-sulfate (E2-3S), estrone-3-glucuronide (E1-3G), and 17β-estradiol-3-glucuronide (E2-3G), whereas synthetic estrogen included 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and diethylstilbestrol (DES). This study showed that the total estrogen concentrations in the surface water and groundwater were 15.4 and 4.5 ng/L, respectively, which constituted 56% and 58%, respectively, conjugated estrogen. From the pond to the outlet water, the total estrogen concentration decreased by 3.9 ng/L (23% loss) in the duck farms. However, the estrogenic potency was slightly reduced from 0.91 to 0.88 E2 equivalent/L, showing a negligible decrease. From the pond to the outlet water, the field results showed that converting the conjugated estrogen into free estrogen in the duck farm-released water increased their environmental hazard. Primarily E1, with an average concentration of 0.9 ± 1.6 ng/g, was present in the duck manure. The estrogen excreted by the ducks in the pond (from surface water to outlet water) was estimated to be 0.18 kg/million head-year. Although the estrogen concentration in the duck farms was low, the environmental impact of CAFO should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Shen Hung
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Jyum C Yeh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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9
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Sanchez-Arcos C, Ueberschaar N, Pohnert G. Aquifer system and depth specific chemical patterns in fractured-rock groundwater from the Critical Zone revealed by untargeted LC-MS-based metabolomics. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118566. [PMID: 35580391 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the Earth's Critical Zone, water plays an essential role as a collector and transporter of metabolites and their transformation products. It is generally believed that the chemical profiles of groundwater are strongly impacted by land use. However, predictors for the effects of above-ground natural and anthropogenic activities on below-ground chemistry are rare. We reasoned that comparing groundwater metabolomes from different land-use sites and depths can give insight into this coupling of above and below-ground processes in the Critical Zone. This study used an LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic approach to identify links between groundwater metabolomes from monitoring wells in fractured carbonate-/siliciclastic alternations along a hillslope of the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory (CZE) in Thuringia, Germany. Our results identify the land-use type, aquifer system, and sampling depth as critical factors determining the differences among groundwater metabolomes. We established five groundwater metabolic clusters and correlated these to the aquifer systems, hydrogeochemistry, and microbial community composition. Our untargeted metabolomic approach reveals the limited connectivity of groundwater chemical profiles with above-ground activities and illustrates how deep the input signals can travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sanchez-Arcos
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Ueberschaar
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
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10
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Du B, Yu W, Yang L, Fan G, Yang S, Jiang H, Bi S, Yu C. Migration and abiotic transformation of estrone (E1) and estrone-3-sulfate (E1-3S) during soil column transport. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:911-924. [PMID: 34117975 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Steroid estrogens have received worldwide attention and given rise to great challenges of aquatic ecosystems security, posing potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms and human health even at low levels (ng/L). The present study focused on understanding the mobility and abiotic transformation of estrone (E1) and estrone-3-sulfate (E1-3S) over spatial and time scales during soil transport. Column transport experiments showed that the migration capacity of E1-3S was far stronger than E1 in soil. The calculated groundwater ubiquity score and leachability index values also indicated the high leaching mobility of E1-3S. The hydrolysis of E1-3S and abiotic transformation into estradiol and estriol was observed in the sterilized soil. Furthermore, possible transformation products (e.g., SE239, E2378, E1 dimer538, E1-E2 dimer541) of E1 and E1-3S in soil were analyzed and identified after the column transport experiments. The estrogenic activity was estimated by 17β-estradiol equivalency values during the transport process in aqueous and soil phases. Additionally, the potential leaching transport to groundwater of E1-3S requires further critical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghao Du
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China.
| | - Lun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Shenglan Bi
- Chongqing Comprehensive Management Center of Urban Pipeline, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
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11
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Adjei JK, Dayie AD, Addo JK, Asamoah A, Amoako EO, Egoh BY, Bekoe E, Ofori NO, Adjei GA, Essumang DK. Occurrence, ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones and xenoestrogens in the Ghanaian aquatic environments. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1398-1409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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12
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Yang S, Yu W, Yang L, Du B, Chen S, Sun W, Jiang H, Xie M, Tang J. Occurrence and Fate of Steroid Estrogens in a Chinese Typical Concentrated Dairy Farm and Slurry Irrigated Soil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:67-77. [PMID: 33205963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Animal husbandry is the second largest source of steroid estrogen (SE) pollutants in the environment, and it is significant to investigate the occurrence and fate of SEs discharged from concentrated animal feeding operations. In this research, with a Chinese typical concentrated dairy farm as the object, the concentrations of SEs (E1, 17α-E2, 17β-E2, E3, and E1-S3) in slurry, lagoon water, and slurry-irrigated soil samples in summer, autumn, and winter were determined. The total concentrations of SEs (mainly E1, 17α-E2, and 17β-E2) in slurry were very high in the range of 263.1-2475.08 ng·L-1. In the lagoon water, the removal efficiencies of the aerobic tank could reach up to 89.53%, with significant fluctuation in different seasons. In the slurry-irrigated soil, the maximum concentrations of SEs in the topsoil and subsoil were 21.54 ng·g-1 to 6.82 g·g-1, respectively. Most of the SEs tended to transport downward and accumulate in the soil accompanied with the complex mutual conversion. Correlations and hierarchical clustering analysis showed a variety of intertransformation among SEs, and the concentrations of SEs were correlated with various physicochemical indexes, such as TN and NO3--N of the slurry, chemical oxygen demand of the lagoon water, and the heavy metals of soil. In addition, 17β-estradiol equivalency assessment and risk quotients indicated that the slurry irrigation and discharge of the lagoon water would cause potential estrogenic risks to the environment. Consequently, reasonable slurry irrigation and lagoon water discharge are essential to efficiently control SE pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Lun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Banghao Du
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Shiling Chen
- Risland Thailand Co., Ltd., Huai Khwang, Bangkok 10310, Thailand
| | - Weizhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Mingyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
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13
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Tao HY, Zhang J, Shi J, Guo W, Liu X, Zhang M, Ge H, Li XY. Occurrence and emission of phthalates, bisphenol A, and oestrogenic compounds in concentrated animal feeding operations in Southern China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111521. [PMID: 33254396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates (PAEs), bisphenol A (BPA), and oestrogenic compounds have become major concerns due to their endocrine-disrupting effect. However, few studies related to the occurrence of PAEs, BPA, and oestrogen in food and compost from different growth age livestock have been conducted. In this study, faeces, urine and food samples were collected from a typical livestock (cow) and a special livestock (pigeon) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). The daily total oestrogen excretion of a single cow ranged from 192 μg/day to 671 μg/day, which was significantly higher than that of a single pigeon (0-0.01 μg/day). Conjugated oestrogens represented 22.0-46.0% of the total oestrogens excreted from cow faeces and 80.7-91.8% of those from cow urine, indicating that the form of the excreted oestrogens depends on the livestock species and type of excrement. BPA was all detected in all livestock manure and food, and the concentration in pigeon was 9.2-40.2 ng/g and 23.1 ng/g respectively, while that in cattle was 50.5-72.0 ng/g and 41.1 ng/g respectively. The results indicated that the food is significant sources of BPA entering the process of cow and pigeon breeding. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) was detected at high frequency in pigeon faeces samples, suggesting that pigeons were highly exposed to these plasticisers. The total oestradiol equivalent quantity (EEQt) of livestock origin in aquatic environments was estimated to be 2.99 ng/L, which was higher than the baseline hazard value (1 ng/L) (Xu et al., 2018). The study provides data on the emissions and sources of PAEs, BPA, and oestrogenic compounds from different livestock in CAFOs and demonstrates that food is a significant source of BPA entering livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yu Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianghong Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Mengtao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Ge
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Sun SX, Wu JL, Lv HB, Zhang HY, Zhang J, Limbu SM, Qiao F, Chen LQ, Yang Y, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Environmental estrogen exposure converts lipid metabolism in male fish to a female pattern mediated by AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122537. [PMID: 32203715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental estrogens, including bisphenol A (BPA) and 17β-estradiol (E2), which are widely used in industries and medicine, pose a severe ecological threat to fish due to feminization induction. However, the related metabolic basis for reproductive feminization in male fish has not been well addressed. We first found that female zebrafish exhibited higher lipid accumulation and lipogenesis activity than males. Next, we exposed male and female zebrafish to E2 (200 ng/L) or BPA (100 μg/L) for six weeks, and observed an early-phase reproductive feminization in males, accompanied with reduced spermatids, significant fat deposition and lipogenic gene expressions that mimicked female patterns. Cellular signaling assays revealed that, E2 or BPA modulated lipid metabolism in males mainly through lowering 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and upregulating the lipogenic mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. For the first time, we show that environmental estrogens could alter lipid metabolism in male fish to a female pattern (metabolic feminization) prior to gonad feminization in male fish, to allows males to accumulate efficiently lipids to harmonize with the feminized gonads. This study suggests that negative effects of environmental estrogens, as hazardous materials, on vertebrate health are more complicated than originally thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xiang Sun
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jun-Lin Wu
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hong-Bo Lv
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar as Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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15
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Xiao C, Wang L, Zhou Q, Huang X. Hazards of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure: A systematic review of plant toxicology studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121488. [PMID: 31699483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of bisphenol A (BPA) has led to its ubiquity in the natural environment. Thus, BPA is considered as a contaminant of emerging concern. Due to its widespread use, BPA has been detected in a range of soils and surface waters. This is of concern because BPA has been shown to elicit slight to moderate toxicity to plants. Based on current research and our own work, this paper reviews the toxic effects of BPA on plant growth and development, including effects at the macroscopic (e.g. seed germination, root, stem, and leaf growth) and microscopic (photosynthesis, uptake of mineral nutrient, hormone secretion, antioxidant systems, and reproductive genetic behavior) levels. Furthermore, this paper will discuss effects of BPA exposure on metabolic reactions in exposed plant species, and explore the use of high-efficiency plants in BPA pollution control (e.g. phytoremediation). Finally, this paper proposes some ideas for the future of BPA phytotoxicity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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16
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Yang X, Lin H, Dai X, Zhang Z, Gong B, Hu Z, Jiang X, Li Y. Sorption, transport, and transformation of natural and synthetic progestins in soil-water systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121482. [PMID: 31668762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic progestins are emerging endocrine disruptors that can be transported from livestock farms and agricultural fields to receiving waters via surface runoff. The transformation of progestins during transport is expected to affect the efficiencies of runoff management systems. Therefore, this study explored the sorption, transport, and transformation of progesterone, norethisterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, cyproterone acetate, dydrogesterone, and norethisterone in agricultural soil-water systems. The sorption coefficients and retardation factors (R) were positively correlated with the progestin hydrophobicities, indicating that hydrophobic interactions dominated the sorption and transport processes. During transport, dydrogesterone and progesterone were transformed into 9-10 products. The breakthrough curves of the parents and products exhibited periodical patterns over extended times. Specifically, the R values of the parents and products were positively correlated with chromatographic retention times (hydrophobicities) when the products were generated before transport. In contrast, a negative correlation (R2 = 0.75-0.88) was observed when products were successively generated during transport, indicating that the transformation kinetics changed the retardation of these solutes in the columns. These observations also demonstrated that the transport potential estimates based on traditional metrics of steroid hydrophobicity are not always accurate and that runoff management measures are less effective for metastable progestins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Hang Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiong Dai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Beini Gong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zheng Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiuping Jiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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17
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Casey FXM, Hakk H, DeSutter TM. Free and conjugated estrogens detections in drainage tiles and wells beneath fields receiving swine manure slurry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113384. [PMID: 31677876 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although livestock manure, such as from swine (Sus scrofa domestica), have high capacity to introduce endocrine-disrupting free estrogens into the environment, the frequency of estrogen detections from reconnaissance studies suggest that these compounds are ubiquitous in the environment, perhaps resulting from historic manure inputs (e.g. cattle grazing residues, undocumented historic manure applications) or uncontrolled natural sources. Compared to free estrogens, conjugates of estrogens are innocuous but have greater mobility in the environment. Estrogen conjugates can also hydrolyze to re-form the potent free estrogens. The objective of this study was to identify the transport of free and conjugated estrogens to subsurface tile drains and groundwater beneath fields treated with swine manure slurry. Three field treatments were established, two receiving swine lagoon manure slurry and one with none. Manure slurry was injected into soils at a shallow depth (∼8 cm) and water samples from tile drains and shallow wells were sampled periodically for three years. Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) were the only estrogen compounds detected in the tile drains (total detects = 31; 5% detection frequency; conc. range = 3.9-23.1 ng L-1), indicating the important role conjugates played in the mobility of estrogens. Free estrogens and estrogen conjugates were more frequently detected in the wells compared to the tile drains (total detects = 70; 11% detection frequency; conc. range = 4.0-1.6 × 103 ng L-1). No correlations were found between estrogen compound detections and dissolved or colloidal organic carbon (OC) fractions or other water quality parameters. Estrogenic compounds were detected beneath both manure treated and non-treated plots; furthermore, the total potential estrogenic equivalents (i.e. estrogenicity of hydrolyzed conjugates + free estrogens) were similar between treated and non-treated plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis X M Casey
- Department of Soil Science, School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Heldur Hakk
- USDA-ARS, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102-2765, USA
| | - Thomas M DeSutter
- Department of Soil Science, School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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18
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Sun SX, Zhang YN, Lu DL, Wang WL, Limbu SM, Chen LQ, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Concentration-dependent effects of 17β-estradiol and bisphenol A on lipid deposition, inflammation and antioxidant response in male zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124422. [PMID: 31352104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental estrogenic compounds are important pollutants, which are widely distributed in natural water bodies. They produce various adverse effects on fish, but their concentration-dependent toxicities in fish metabolism and health are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and bisphenol A (BPA) at low and high concentrations on lipid deposition, inflammation and antioxidant response in male zebrafish. We measured fish growth parameters, gonad development, lipid contents and the activities of inflammatory and antioxidant enzymes, as well as their mRNA expressions. All E2 and BPA concentrations used increased body weight, damaged gonad structure and induced feminization in male zebrafish. The exposure of zebrafish to E2 and BPA promoted lipid accumulation by increasing total fat, liver triglycerides and free fatty acid contents, and also upregulated lipogenic genes expression, although they decreased total cholesterol content. Notably, zebrafish exposed to low concentrations of E2 (200 ng/L) and BPA (100 μg/L) had higher lipid synthesis and deposition compared to high concentrations (2000 ng/L and 2000 μg/L, respectively). However, the high concentrations of E2 and BPA increased inflammation and antioxidant response. Furthermore, BPA caused greater damage to fish gonad development and more severe lipid peroxidation compared to E2. Overall, the results suggest that the toxic effects of E2 and BPA on zebrafish are concentration-dependent such that, the relative low concentrations used induced lipid deposition, whereas the high ones caused adverse effects on inflammation and antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xiang Sun
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yun-Ni Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Dong-Liang Lu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wei-Li Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar as Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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19
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Lobsiger N, Venetz JE, Gregorini M, Christen M, Christen B, Stark WJ. YestroSens, a field-portable S. cerevisiae biosensor device for the detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Reliability and stability. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 146:111710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Zhao X, Grimes KL, Colosi LM, Lung WS. Attenuation, transport, and management of estrogens: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:462-478. [PMID: 31121510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Overabundance of endocrine disruptors (EDs), such as steroid estrogens, in the natural environment disrupts hormone synthesis in aquatic organisms. Livestock and wastewater outflows contribute measurable quantities of steroid estrogens into the environment where they are picked up and transported via surface runoff and feedlot effluents into water matrices. E1, E2β, E2α, E3 and EE2 are the most prevalent estrogens in these environmental systems. Estrogens in soils and water undergo several concurrent attenuation processes including sorption to particles, biotransformation, photo-transformation, and plant uptake. This review summarizes current studies on the attenuation and transport of steroid estrogens with a focus on estrogen attenuation and transport modeling. The authors use this information to synthesize appropriate strategies for reducing estrogenicity in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Kassandra L Grimes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lisa M Colosi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wu-Seng Lung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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21
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Lan X, Wang T, Ewald F, Chen Z, Cui K, Schäffer A, Wang L, Ji R. 14C-Labelling of the natural steroid estrogens 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 375:26-32. [PMID: 31035183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide environmental occurrence of natural steroid estrogens has drawn increasing concerns. However, the fate of the estrogens, especially the α-isomer of estradiol, in the environmental matrices is still obscure. Using 14C-radioactively labelled forms of these estrogens can facilitate and is sometimes a prerequisite for studying their transformation and residual distribution in the environment, but the availability of labelled compounds (owing to commercially high prices or unavailable) hampers such studies. Here we developed simple and stable methods to synthesize 14C-labelled estradiol isomers and estrone using relatively low-priced [carboxyl-14C]-labelled sodium acetate as a precursor. The radiochemical syntheses started from an enol lactone, which was prepared from nandrolone by oxidation to open the A-ring followed by recyclization. Inversion of the 17β-hydroxyl group into its 17α-form was achieved via the Walden inversion using the Mitsunobu reaction. [3-14C]-17β-estradiol, [3-14C]-17α-estradiol, and [3-14C]-estrone were synthesized in five, six, and seven steps with an overall radiochemical yield of 17.4%, 16.2%, and 13.9%, respectively. The synthesized 14C-labelled compounds provide materials for studying the fate and behavior of estrogens in complex environmental matrixes and for further synthesis of their 14C-labelled sulfate and glucuronide conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resources Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Henan Province, No. 10 Xueli Road, Zhengdong Xinqu, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Franziska Ewald
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Zaixin Chen
- Yabang Medical Research Institute, No. 66 Changhong West Road, West Taihu Lake Science & Technology Zone, Changzhou 213145, China
| | - Kai Cui
- School of Chemistry & Life Science, Nanjing University Jinling College, Nanjing 210089, China
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Lianhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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22
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Yu W, Du B, Yang L, Zhang Z, Yang C, Yuan S, Zhang M. Occurrence, sorption, and transformation of free and conjugated natural steroid estrogens in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9443-9468. [PMID: 30758794 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural steroid estrogens (NSEs), including free estrogens (FEs) and conjugated estrogens (CEs), are of emerging concern globally among public and scientific community due to their recognized adverse effects on human and wildlife endocrine systems in recent years. In this review, the properties, occurrence, sorption process, and transformation pathways of NSEs are clarified in the environment. The work comprehensively summarizes the occurrence of both free and conjugated estrogens in different natural and built environments (e.g., river, WWTPs, CAFOs, soil, and sediment). The sorption process of NSEs can be impacted by organic compounds, colloids, composition of clay minerals, specific surface area (SSA), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and pH value. The degradation and transformation of free and conjugated estrogens in the environment primarily involves oxidation, reduction, deconjugation, and esterification reactions. Elaboration about the major, subordinate, and minor transformation pathways of both biotic and abiotic processes among NSEs is highlighted. The moiety types and binding sites also would affect deconjugation degree and preferential transformation pathways of CEs. Notably, some intermediate products of NSEs still remain estrogenic potency during transformation process; the elimination of total estrogenic activity needs to be addressed in further studies. The in-depth researches regarding the behavior of both free and conjugated estrogens are further required to tackle their contamination problem in the ecosystem. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, No.66 Xuefu Rd., Nan'an Dist, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Banghao Du
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, No.66 Xuefu Rd., Nan'an Dist, Chongqing, 400074, China.
| | - Lun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, No.66 Xuefu Rd., Nan'an Dist, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Shaochun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, No.66 Xuefu Rd., Nan'an Dist, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Minne Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, No.66 Xuefu Rd., Nan'an Dist, Chongqing, 400074, China
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23
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A review on structural elucidation of metabolites of environmental steroid hormones via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Adeel M, Yang YS, Wang YY, Song XM, Ahmad MA, Rogers HJ. Uptake and transformation of steroid estrogens as emerging contaminants influence plant development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1487-1497. [PMID: 30292158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Steroid estrogens are emerging contaminants of concern due to their devastating effects on reproduction and development in animals and humans at very low concentrations. The increasing steroid estrogen in the environment all over the world contrasts very few studies for potential impacts on plant development as a result of estrogen uptake. This study evaluated the uptake, transformation and effects of estradiol (17β-E2) and ethinyl estradiol (EE2) (0.1-1000 μg L-1) on lettuce. Uptake increased in leaves and roots in a dose-dependent manner, and roots were the major organ in which most of the estrogen was deposited. The transformation of estrogens to major metabolite and their further reverse biotransformation in lettuce tissue was identified. At low concentrations (0.1 and 50 μg L-1) estrogens resulted in enhanced photosynthetic pigments, root growth and shoot biomass. Application of higher concentrations of estrogens (10 mg L-1) significantly reduced total root growth and development. This was accompanied by increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Taken together, these findings suggest that at low concentrations estrogens may biostimulate growth and primary metabolism of lettuce, while at elevated levels they have adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 11044, PR China
| | - Y S Yang
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 11044, PR China; Key Lab of Groundwater Resources & Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
| | - Y Y Wang
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 11044, PR China
| | - X M Song
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 11044, PR China
| | - M Arslan Ahmad
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 11044, PR China
| | - Hilary J Rogers
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK
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25
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Brown AK, Wong CS. Distribution and fate of pharmaceuticals and their metabolite conjugates in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:774-783. [PMID: 30176575 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Some pharmaceutical conjugates can be excreted into wastewaters at levels rivalling those of the parent compounds; however, little is known about this potential reservoir of pharmaceuticals to aquatic systems. We evaluated the occurrence and distribution of four different classes of pharmaceuticals and their metabolite conjugates in a wastewater treatment plant over four months. Aqueous and suspended solids fractions of primary, mixed liquor, secondary, and final effluent, along with return activated sludge, and waste activated sludge were assessed. The only conjugate not found in the final effluent was acetaminophen sulfate. Moreover, thyroxine and thyroxine glucuronide were the only compounds quantified in the suspended solids in the final effluent. Propranolol, propranolol sulfate, thyroxine, and thyroxine glucuronide all had no significant decreases in concentration going through the wastewater treatment process, from primary to final effluent. However, there were significant decreases observed for acetaminophen (99.8%), sulfamethoxazole (71%), N-acetyl sulfamethoxazole (59%), and sulfamethoxazole glucuronide (79%). The mean (±SEM) mass loadings in the aqueous fraction of the final effluent for each compound ranged from 0.84 ± 0.2 g/d for thyroxine to 45.3 ± 4.2 g/d for acetaminophen. At least as much conjugate was released into receiving waters, if not more: 1.6 ± 0.2 g/d for thyroxine glucuronide to 18.5 ± 4.5 g/d for sulfamethoxazole glucuronide, and 61.2 ± 9.6 g/d for N-acetyl sulfamethoxazole. Additionally, the mean loading of thyroxine was 0.29 ± 0.025 g/day and thyroxine glucuronide 1.8 ± 0.59 g/day in the suspended solids. This equates to 26% of total thyroxine and 53% of total thyroxine glucuronide associated with suspended particulate matter that reaches receiving waters. This study reflects the importance of including phase II conjugates in assessing overall compound load of pharmaceutical discharge from wastewaters, and also that substantial amounts of such contaminants are associated with wastewater solids when drugs are in the pg/L to μg/L range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair K Brown
- University of Manitoba, Department of Chemistry, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Charles S Wong
- University of Manitoba, Department of Chemistry, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; The University of Winnipeg, Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Studies and Sciences, Richardson College for the Environment, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.
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26
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Wang S, Liu F, Wu W, Hu Y, Liao R, Chen G, Wang J, Li J. Migration and health risks of nonylphenol and bisphenol a in soil-winter wheat systems with long-term reclaimed water irrigation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 158:28-36. [PMID: 29656161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reclaimed water reuse has become an important means of alleviating agricultural water shortage worldwide. However, the presence of endocrine disrupters has roused up considerable attention. Barrel test in farmland was conducted to investigate the migration of nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in soil-winter wheat system simulating reclaimed water irrigation. Additionally, the health risks on humans were assessed based on US EPA risk assessment model. The migration of NP and BPA decreased from the soil to the winter wheat; the biological concentration factors (BCFs) of NP and BPA in roots, stems, leaves, and grains all decreased with their added concentrations in soils. The BCFs of NP and BPA in roots were greatest (0.60-5.80 and 0.063-1.45, respectively). The average BCFs of NP and BPA in winter wheat showed negative exponential relations to their concentrations in soil. The amounts of NP and BPA in soil-winter wheat system accounted for 8.99-28.24% and 2.35-4.95%, respectively, of the initial amounts added into the soils. The hazard quotient (HQ) for children and adults ranged between 10-6 and 1, so carcinogenic risks could be induced by ingesting winter wheat grains under long-term reclaimed water irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of theWater Cycle in the River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Wenyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of theWater Cycle in the River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Yaqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of theWater Cycle in the River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Renkuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of theWater Cycle in the River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Gaoting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of theWater Cycle in the River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Jiulong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of theWater Cycle in the River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Jialin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
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27
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Ma L, Yates SR. Degradation and metabolite formation of 17ß-estradiol-3-glucuronide and 17ß-estradiol-3-sulphate in river water and sediment. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 139:1-9. [PMID: 29621712 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory degradation tests with two model estrogen conjugates, 17ß-estradiol-3-glucuronide (E2-3G) and 17ß-estradiol-3-sulphate (E2-3S), using river water and sediment as inoculum under aerobic conditions were investigated. Throughout the 14-day incubation, degradation of E2-3G in river water, at environmentally-relevant level (25 ng/L), obeyed first-order kinetics with the formation of 17-ß estradiol and estrone; in contrast, E2-3S was slowly converted to estrone-3-sulphate stoichiometrically. Degradation of the two conjugates across the spiking concentrations (0.01-1 μg/g) was much faster in sediment than in river water where 25 ng/L of conjugate standards were spiked, possibly due to relatively high population densities of microorganisms in sediment. De-conjugation of the thio-ester bond at C-3 position and oxidation at C-17 position were the predominant degradation mechanisms for E2-3G and E2-3S, respectively, with negligible presence of metabolites estrone-3-glucuronide for E2-3G and 17ß-estradiol for E2-3S. In addition, delta-9(11)-dehydroestrone and 6-ketoestrone were determined as new metabolites of the two conjugates. Also, a lactone compound, hydroxylated estrone and a few sulfate conjugates were tentatively identified. With the observation of new metabolites, biodegradation pathways of E2-3G and E2-3S were proposed. The formation of new metabolites may pose unknown risks to aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Contaminant Fate and Transport Unit, Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Scott R Yates
- Contaminant Fate and Transport Unit, Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverside, CA 92507, United States.
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28
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Bai X, Lutz A, Carroll R, Keteles K, Dahlin K, Murphy M, Nguyen D. Occurrence, distribution, and seasonality of emerging contaminants in urban watersheds. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:133-142. [PMID: 29477762 PMCID: PMC6705126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of natural and synthetic organic chemicals in surface waters can cause ecological risks and human health concerns. This study measured a suite of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in water samples collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 8 around the Denver, Colorado, metropolitan area. The results showed that 109 of 144 analyzed pharmaceutical compounds, 42 of 55 analyzed waste-indicator compounds (e.g., flame retardants, hormones, and personal care products), and 39 of 72 analyzed pesticides were detected in the water samples collected monthly between April and November in both 2014 and 2015. Pharmaceutical compounds were most abundant in the surface waters and their median concentrations were measured up to a few hundred nanograms per liter. The CEC concentrations varied depending on sampling locations and seasons. The primary source of CECs was speculated to be wastewater effluent. The CEC concentrations were correlated to streamflow volume and showed significant seasonal effects. The CECs were less persistent during spring runoff season compared with baseflow season at most sampling sites. These results are useful for providing baseline data for surface CEC monitoring and assessing the environmental risks and potential human exposure to CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Bai
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV, 89119, United States.
| | - Alex Lutz
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States
| | - Rosemary Carroll
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States
| | - Kristen Keteles
- Environmental Protection Agency National Enforcement Investigations Center, Denver, CO, 80225, United States
| | - Kenneth Dahlin
- Environmental Protection Agency Region 8 Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80403, United States
| | - Mark Murphy
- Environmental Protection Agency Region 8 Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80403, United States
| | - David Nguyen
- Environmental Protection Agency Region 8 Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80403, United States
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29
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Brown AK, Wong CS. Measurement of thyroxine and its glucuronide in municipal wastewater and solids using weak anion exchange solid phase extraction and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1525:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Ma L, Yates SR. Degradation and metabolite formation of estrogen conjugates in an agricultural soil. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:634-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Kind T, Fiehn O. Strategies for dereplication of natural compounds using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMISTRY LETTERS 2017; 21:313-319. [PMID: 29225718 PMCID: PMC5720153 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Complete structural elucidation of natural products is commonly performed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), but annotating compounds to most likely structures using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry is a faster and feasible first step. The CASMI contest 2016 (Critical Assessment of Small Molecule Identification) provided spectra of eighteen compounds for the best manual structure identification in the natural products category. High resolution precursor and tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) were available to characterize the compounds. We used the Seven Golden Rules, Sirius2 and MS-FINDER software for determination of molecular formulas, and then we queried the formulas in different natural product databases including DNP, UNPD, ChemSpider and REAXYS to obtain molecular structures. We used different in-silico fragmentation tools including CFM-ID, CSI:FingerID and MS-FINDER to rank these compounds. Additional neutral losses and product ion peaks were manually investigated. This manual and time consuming approach allowed for the correct dereplication of thirteen of the eighteen natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kind
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, Davis 95616, California, U.S.A
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, Davis 95616, California, U.S.A
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi-Arabia
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32
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Casey FXM, Shappell NW, Hakk H. Halogenated 17β-Estradiol Surrogates: Synthesis, Estrogenic Activity, and Initial Investigations of Fate in Soil/Water Systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2017; 46:802-810. [PMID: 28783794 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.02.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (E2), a natural, endocrine-disrupting, steroid hormone, is excreted by all vertebrates and can enter the environment from domestic animal and wildlife wastes. Multiple field studies using livestock manures as E2 sources suggest significant background concentrations of E2 (e.g., wildlife sources, hydrolysis of E2 conjugates, previous inputs). To accurately understand field fate and transport processes of E2, it is necessary to address the issue of background detections. In this study, two fluorinated and three brominated surrogate compounds of E2 were synthesized and compared to native E2 using soil/water batch experiments and for estrogenic activity. Analytical difficulties presented by the two fluorinated congeners deemed these compounds to be unsuitable surrogates of E2, and further assessment was abandoned. However, the brominated congeners proved promising, with log( ) values that fell within the range previously reported for E2. Batch studies yielded similar relative aqueous concentrations and linear sorption isotherms across time for E2 and 2-bromo-17β-estradiol; however, the relative aqueous concentrations and linear sorption isotherms of 4-bromo-17β-estradiol and 2,4-dibromo-17β-estradiol were different from E2 but similar to one another. All three brominated congeners possessed estrogenic activity by E-Screen assay, albeit three orders of magnitude less than native E2, putatively due to steric interference introduced by the large bromine atom on the phenolic ring, the group that mediates interaction with the estrogen receptor. The data suggest that 2-bromo-17β-estradiol may serve as a suitable surrogate for E2 in planned field scale tracer studies designed to distinguish between antecedent and de novo inputs.
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Liu X, Shi J, Bo T, Meng Y, Zhan X, Zhang M, Zhang Y. Distributions and ecological risk assessment of estrogens and bisphenol A in an arid and semiarid area in northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7216-7225. [PMID: 28101707 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Free estrogens (estrone, E1; 17β-estradiol, 17β-E2; estriol, E3; and 17α-ethinylestradiol, EE2), their corresponding sulfate and glucuronide conjugates, and bisphenol A (BPA) were investigated in water and sediments in the Fen River catchment, an arid and semiarid area in northwest China. E1 and BPA were frequently detected in the wet and dry sampling seasons. In addition to the sulfate conjugates, other conjugated estrogens were not detected in water and sediments. The concentrations of these compounds in water generally increased from upstream to downstream. The concentrations in water samples of most sites were higher in the wet season than those in the dry season, but concentrations in sediments of most sites were higher in the dry season than those in the wet season. The distributions of these compounds in sediments were positively correlated with the total organic carbon (TOC) contents of sediments (0.3 < R 2 < 0.6, p < 0.01) and concentrations in water (0.25 < R 2 < 0.50, p < 0.01). In this catchment, E1 was the main contributor to endocrine disrupting risk. The surface water in most of the tributaries and the sewage in the drainage channels were at risk. The pore waters of sediments were at risk at most sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- Hefei University of Technology (Xuancheng Campus), Xuancheng, Anhui, 242000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jianghong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Ting Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yaobin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster (Ministry of Education), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mengtao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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Biswas S, Kranz WL, Shapiro CA, Snow DD, Bartelt-Hunt SL, Mamo M, Tarkalson DD, Zhang TC, Shelton DP, van Donk SJ, Mader TL. Effect of rainfall timing and tillage on the transport of steroid hormones in runoff from manure amended row crop fields. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 324:436-447. [PMID: 27836408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Runoff generated from livestock manure amended row crop fields is one of the major pathways of hormone transport to the aquatic environment. The study determined the effects of manure handling, tillage methods, and rainfall timing on the occurrence and transport of steroid hormones in runoff from the row crop field. Stockpiled and composted manure from hormone treated and untreated animals were applied to test plots and subjected to two rainfall simulation events 30days apart. During the two rainfall simulation events, detection of any steroid hormone or metabolites was identified in 8-86% of runoff samples from any tillage and manure treatment. The most commonly detected hormones were 17β-estradiol, estrone, estriol, testosterone, and α-zearalenol at concentrations ranging up to 100-200ngL-1. Considering the maximum detected concentrations in runoff, no more than 10% of the applied hormone can be transported through the dissolved phase of runoff. Results from the study indicate that hormones can persist in soils receiving livestock manure over an extended period of time and the dissolved phase of hormone in runoff is not the preferred pathway of transport from the manure applied fields irrespective of tillage treatments and timing of rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagor Biswas
- Dept. of Population Health and Reproduction, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - William L Kranz
- Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, 57905 866 Road, Concord, NE 68728-2828, United States
| | - Charles A Shapiro
- Dept. of Agronomy and Horticulture, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, 57905 866 Road, Concord, NE 68728-2828, United States
| | - Daniel D Snow
- Nebraska Water Center and School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, 202 Water Sciences Laboratory, Lincoln, NE 68583-0844, United States
| | - Shannon L Bartelt-Hunt
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Peter Kiewit Institute, Omaha, NE 68182-0178, United States
| | - Mitiku Mamo
- Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, 57905 866 Road, Concord, NE 68728-2828, United States
| | - David D Tarkalson
- USDA-ARS, NW Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83341-5076, United States
| | - Tian C Zhang
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Peter Kiewit Institute, Omaha, NE 68182-0178, United States
| | - David P Shelton
- Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, 57905 866 Road, Concord, NE 68728-2828, United States
| | - Simon J van Donk
- Iteris, Inc., 4324 University Ave, Grand Forks, ND 58203, United States
| | - Terry L Mader
- Dept. of Animal Science, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, 57905 866 Road, Concord, NE 68728-2828, United States
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Adeel M, Song X, Wang Y, Francis D, Yang Y. Environmental impact of estrogens on human, animal and plant life: A critical review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 99:107-119. [PMID: 28040262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the inception of global industrialization, steroidal estrogens have become an emerging and serious concern. Worldwide, steroid estrogens including estrone, estradiol and estriol, pose serious threats to soil, plants, water resources and humans. Indeed, estrogens have gained notable attention in recent years, due to their rapidly increasing concentrations in soil and water all over the world. Concern has been expressed regarding the entry of estrogens into the human food chain which in turn relates to how plants take up and metabolism estrogens. OBJECTIVES In this review we explore the environmental fate of estrogens highlighting their release through effluent sources, their uptake, partitioning and physiological effects in the ecological system. We draw attention to the potential risk of intensive modern agriculture and waste disposal systems on estrogen release and their effects on human health. We also highlight their uptake and metabolism in plants. METHODS We use MEDLINE and other search data bases for estrogens in the environment from 2005 to the present, with the majority of our sources spanning the past five years. Published acceptable daily intake of estrogens (μg/L) and predicted no effect concentrations (μg/L) are listed from published sources and used as thresholds to discuss reported levels of estrogens in the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Global levels of estrogens from river sources and from Waste Water Treatment Facilities have been mapped, together with transport pathways of estrogens in plants. RESULTS Estrogens at polluting levels have been detected at sites close to waste water treatment facilities and in groundwater at various sites globally. Estrogens at pollutant levels have been linked with breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. Estrogens also perturb fish physiology and can affect reproductive development in both domestic and wild animals. Treatment of plants with steroid estrogen hormones or their precursors can affect root and shoot development, flowering and germination. However, estrogens can ameliorate the effects of other environmental stresses on the plant. CONCLUSIONS There is published evidence to establish a causal relationship between estrogens in the environment and breast cancer. However, there are serious gaps in our knowledge about estrogen levels in the environment and a call is required for a world wide effort to provide more data on many more samples sites. Of the data available, the synthetic estrogen, ethinyl estradiol, is more persistent in the environment than natural estrogens and may be a greater cause for environmental concern. Finally, we believe that there is an urgent requirement for inter-disciplinary studies of estrogens in order to better understand their ecological and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 11044, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 11044, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 11044, PR China
| | - Dennis Francis
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 11044, PR China
| | - Yuesuo Yang
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 11044, PR China; Key Lab of Groundwater Resources & Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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Du X, Dai L, Jiang D, Li H, Hao N, You T, Mao H, Wang K. Gold nanrods plasmon-enhanced photoelectrochemical aptasensing based on hematite/N-doped graphene films for ultrasensitive analysis of 17β-estradiol. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:706-713. [PMID: 28126660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It remains a vital task to establish ultrasensitive sensing interfaces for detection of target analytes to meet the demands of modern analysis. Herein, a highly sensitive turn-on photoelectrochemical (PEC) platform for trace 17β-estradiol (E2) assay was developed based on Au nanrods (AuNRs) with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties induced signal amplification. Specifically, a ternary hybrid was prepared by integrating hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanocrystals and N-doped graphene (NG) with AuNRs, which further served as highly efficient photoactive species. Subsequently, a PEC sensing platform was fabricated based on the specific binding of E2 and its aptamer. On such a sensor, the capture of E2 molecules by aptamers led to increased photocurrent. This was attributed to that the specific recognition reaction between E2 and aptamer resulted in the conformational change of the aptamers and complete dissociation of some aptamers on the PEC sensing interface. It can be confirmed by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results. This process decreased the steric hindrances between the electrode surface and solution and thus increased the photocurrent response. Under the optimal conditions, the as-prepared PEC aptasensor exhibited superb analytical performances for detection of E2 in the range from 1×10-15M to 1×10-9M with a detection limit of 3.3×10-16M. The aptasensor manifested outstanding selectivity towards E2 when other endocrine disrupting compounds with similar structure coexisted. Furthermore, the aptasensor was successfully applied for the determination of E2 in milk powder. The present strategy provides a potential way to boost the activity of photoactive materials and improve the sensitivity of PEC biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Du
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Liming Dai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ding Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Henan Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Nan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Tianyan You
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Hanping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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Zhou LJ, Zhang BB, Zhao YG, Wu QL. Occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution, and ecological risks of steroids in a large shallow Chinese lake, Lake Taihu. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 557-558:68-79. [PMID: 26994795 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Steroids have been frequently detected in surface waters, and might pose adverse effects on aquatic organisms. However, little information is available regarding the occurrence and spatiotemporal distribution of steroids in lake environments. In addition to pollution sources, the occurrence and spatiotemporal distribution of steroids in lake environments might be related to lake types (shallow or deep), lake hydrodynamics, and sorption-desorption processes in the water-sediment systems. In this study, the occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution, and ecological risks of 36 steroids in a large shallow lake were evaluated by investigating surface water and sediment samples at 32 sites in Lake Taihu over two seasons. Twelve and 15 analytes were detected in aqueous and sedimentary phases, respectively, with total concentrations ranging from 0.86 to 116ng/L (water) and from 0.82 to 16.2ng/g (sediment, dry weight). Temporal variations of steroid concentrations in the water and sediments were statistically significant, with higher concentrations in winter. High concentrations of steroids were found in the seriously polluted bays rather than in the pelagic zone of the lake. Strong lake currents might mix pelagic waters, resulting in similar concentrations of steroids in the pelagic zone. Mass balance analysis showed that sediments in shallow lakes are in general an important sink for steroids. Steroids in the surface water and sediments of Lake Taihu might pose potential risks to aquatic organisms. Overall, our study indicated that the concentrations and spatiotemporal distribution of steroids in the large shallow lake are influenced simultaneously by pollution sources and lake hydrodynamics. CAPSULE Steroids in the large shallow Lake Taihu showed clear temporal and spatial variations and lake sediments may be a potential sink of steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water, Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water, Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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38
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Hakk H, Shelver WL, Casey FXM. Fate and transport of the β-adrenergic agonist ractopamine hydrochloride in soil-water systems. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 45:40-48. [PMID: 27372117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The feed additive ractopamine hydrochloride was fortified at four concentrations into batch vials containing soils that differed in both biological activity and organic matter (OM). Sampling of the liquid layer for 14days demonstrated that ractopamine rapidly dissipated from the liquid layer. Less than 20% of the fortified dose remained in the liquid layer after 4hr, and recoveries of dosed ractopamine ranged from 8 to 18% in the liquid layer at 336hr. Sorption to soil was the major fate for ractopamine in soil:water systems, i.e., 42%-51% of the dose at 14days. The major portion of the sorbed fraction was comprised of non-extractables; a smaller fraction of the sorbed dose was extracted into water and acetone, portions which would be potentially mobile in the environment. Partitioning coefficients for all soils suggested strong sorption of ractopamine to soil which is governed by hydrophobic interactions and cation exchange complexes within the soil OM. Ractopamine degradation was observed, but to mostly non-polar compounds which had a higher potential than ractopamine to sorb to soil. The formation of volatiles was also suggested. Therefore, despite rapid and extensive soil sorption, these studies indicated a portion of ractopamine, present in manures used to fertilize soils, may be mobile in the environment via water-borne events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heldur Hakk
- USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
| | - Weilin L Shelver
- USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Francis X M Casey
- Department of Soil Sciences, North Dakota State University, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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Goeppert N, Dror I, Berkowitz B. Fate and transport of free and conjugated estrogens during soil passage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:80-7. [PMID: 26142754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as the free estrogens 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and the conjugated estrogen estrone-sulfate (E1-3S) are found at low concentration levels in the environment. This is somehow contradictory to the strong sorption and high degradation potentials found in laboratory experiments. In particular, the fate and transport behavior of conjugated estrogens is poorly understood, and the importance of enzymes triggering the transformation pathways has received little attention. To address these deficiencies, the present research uses packed laboratory soil columns with pulse injections of free estrogens, either E2 or E1, or E1-3S, to provide sound evidence of the transformation pathways. It is further shown that (i) transport of free estrogens is subject to strong retardation and degradation, (ii) the transport of conjugated estrogens is less retarded and only to a minor degree affected by degradation, and (iii) arylsulfotransferase is the enzyme triggering the transformation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Goeppert
- Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ishai Dror
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Brian Berkowitz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
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40
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Li Y, Zhao X, Li P, Huang Y, Wang J, Zhang J. Highly sensitive Fe 3 O 4 nanobeads/graphene-based molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for 17β-estradiol in water. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 884:106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Postigo C, Barceló D. Synthetic organic compounds and their transformation products in groundwater: occurrence, fate and mitigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 503-504:32-47. [PMID: 24974362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater constitutes the main source of public drinking water supply in many regions. Thus, the contamination of groundwater resources by organic chemicals is a matter of growing concern because of its potential effects on public health. The present manuscript compiles the most recent works related to the study of synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) in groundwater, with special focus on the occurrence of contaminants not or barely covered by previously published reviews, e.g., pesticide and pharmaceutical transformation products, lifestyle products, and industrial chemicals such as corrosion inhibitors, brominated and organophosphate flame retardants, plasticizers, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Moreover, the main challenges in managed aquifer recharge, i.e., reclaimed water injection and infiltration, and riverbank filtration, regarding natural attenuation of organic micropollutants are discussed, and insights into the future chemical quality of groundwater are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Postigo
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H2O, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Bai X, Casey FXM, Hakk H, DeSutter TM, Oduor PG, Khan E. Sorption and degradation of 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate in sterilized soil-water systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:1322-1328. [PMID: 24630461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To identify abiotic processes that govern the fate of a sulfate conjugated estrogen, 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate (E2-17S), soil batch experiments were conducted to investigate the dissipation, sorption, and degradation of radiolabeled E2-17S under sterilized conditions. The aqueous dissipation half-lives (DT50) for E2-17S ranged from 2.5 to 9.3h for the topsoil of high organic carbon (OC) content (1.29%), but E2-17S remained at ∼80% of applied dose in the low OC (0.26%) subsoil by 14 d. The non-linear sorption isotherms indicated limited sorption of E2-17S, and the concentration-dependent log KOC values were 2.20 and 2.45 for the topsoil and subsoil, respectively. Additionally, two types of hydroxyl E2-17S (OH-E2-17S and diOH-E2-17S) were found as major metabolites in the aqueous phase, which represented 9-25% and 6-7% of applied dose for the topsoil and subsoil at 14 d, respectively. Free estrogens, 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), were detected from the sorbed phase of the soil-water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Bai
- Department of Soil Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Francis X M Casey
- Department of Soil Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Heldur Hakk
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58102-2765, USA
| | - Thomas M DeSutter
- Department of Soil Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Peter G Oduor
- Department of Geosciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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Bai X, Shrestha SL, Casey FXM, Hakk H, Fan Z. Modeling coupled sorption and transformation of 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate in soil-water systems. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2014; 168:17-24. [PMID: 25247675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal manure is the primary source of exogenous free estrogens in the environment, which are known endocrine-disrupting chemicals to disorder the reproduction system of organisms. Conjugated estrogens can act as precursors to free estrogens, which may increase the total estrogenicity in the environment. In this study, a comprehensive model was used to simultaneously simulate the coupled sorption and transformation of a sulfate estrogen conjugate, 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate (E2-17S), in various soil-water systems (non-sterile/sterile; topsoil/subsoil). The simulated processes included multiple transformation pathways (i.e. hydroxylation, hydrolysis, and oxidation) and mass transfer between the aqueous, reversibly sorbed, and irreversibly sorbed phases of all soils for E2-17S and its metabolites. The conceptual model was conceived based on a series of linear sorption and first-order transformation expressions. The model was inversely solved using finite difference to estimate process parameters. A global optimization method was applied for the inverse analysis along with variable model restrictions to estimate 36 parameters. The model provided a satisfactory simultaneous fit (R(2)adj=0.93 and d=0.87) of all the experimental data and reliable parameter estimates. This modeling study improved the understanding on fate and transport of estrogen conjugates under various soil-water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Bai
- Department of Soil Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | | | - Francis X M Casey
- Department of Soil Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Heldur Hakk
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58102-2765, USA
| | - Zhaosheng Fan
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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Yost EE, Meyer MT, Dietze JE, Williams CM, Worley-Davis L, Lee B, Kullman SW. Transport of steroid hormones, phytoestrogens, and estrogenic activity across a swine lagoon/sprayfield system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:11600-9. [PMID: 25148584 PMCID: PMC5428989 DOI: 10.1021/es5025806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The inflow, transformation, and attenuation of natural steroid hormones and phytoestrogens and estrogenic activity were assessed across the lagoon/sprayfield system of a prototypical commercial swine sow operation. Free and conjugated steroid hormones (estrogens, androgens, and progesterone) were detected in urine and feces of sows across reproductive stages, with progesterone being the most abundant steroid hormone. Excreta also contained phytoestrogens indicative of a soy-based diet, particularly, daidzein, genistein, and equol. During storage in barn pits and the anaerobic lagoon, conjugated hormones dissipated, and androgens and progesterone were attenuated. Estrone and equol persisted along the waste disposal route. Following application of lagoon slurry to agricultural soils, all analytes exhibited attenuation within 2 days. However, analytes including estrone, androstenedione, progesterone, and equol remained detectable in soil at 2 months postapplication. Estrogenic activity in the yeast estrogen screen and T47D-KBluc in vitro bioassays generally tracked well with analyte concentrations. Estrone was found to be the greatest contributor to estrogenic activity across all sample types. This investigation encompasses the most comprehensive suite of natural hormone and phytoestrogen analytes examined to date across a livestock lagoon/sprayfield and provides global insight into the fate of these analytes in this widely used waste management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Yost
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
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Osachoff HL, Mohammadali M, Skirrow RC, Hall ER, Brown LLY, van Aggelen GC, Kennedy CJ, Helbing CC. Evaluating the treatment of a synthetic wastewater containing a pharmaceutical and personal care product chemical cocktail: compound removal efficiency and effects on juvenile rainbow trout. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 62:271-280. [PMID: 24963889 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) can evade degradation in sewage treatment plants (STPs) and can be chronically discharged into the environment, causing concern for aquatic organisms, wildlife, and humans that may be exposed to these bioactive chemicals. The ability of a common STP process, conventional activated sludge (CAS), to remove PPCPs (caffeine, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, estrone, 17α-ethinylestradiol, ibuprofen, naproxen, 4-nonylphenol, tonalide, triclocarban and triclosan) from a synthetic wastewater was evaluated in the present study. The removal of individual PPCPs by the laboratory-scale CAS treatment plant ranged from 40 to 99.6%. While the efficiency of removal for some compounds was high, remaining quantities have the potential to affect aquatic organisms even at low concentrations. Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to influent recreated model wastewater with methanol (IM, solvent control) or with PPCP cocktail (IC), or CAS-treated effluent wastewater with methanol (EM, treated control) or with PPCP cocktail (EC). Alterations in hepatic gene expression (evaluated using a quantitative nuclease protection plex assay) and plasma vitellogenin (VTG) protein concentrations occurred in exposed fish. Although there was partial PPCP removal by CAS treatment, the 20% lower VTG transcript levels and 83% lower plasma VTG protein concentration found in EC-exposed fish compared to IC-exposed fish were not statistically significant. Thus, estrogenic activity found in the influent was retained in the effluent even though typical percent removal levels were achieved raising the issue that greater reduction in contaminant load is required to address hormone active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Osachoff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6; Environment Canada, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, 2645 Dollarton Hwy., North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7H 1B1
| | - Mehrnoush Mohammadali
- Department of Civil Engineering, 2002 - 6250 Applied Science Lane, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Rachel C Skirrow
- Environment Canada, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, 2645 Dollarton Hwy., North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7H 1B1
| | - Eric R Hall
- Department of Civil Engineering, 2002 - 6250 Applied Science Lane, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Lorraine L Y Brown
- Environment Canada, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, 2645 Dollarton Hwy., North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7H 1B1
| | - Graham C van Aggelen
- Environment Canada, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, 2645 Dollarton Hwy., North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7H 1B1
| | - Christopher J Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Caren C Helbing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, PO Box 3055 STN CSC, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6.
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46
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Chen TC, Yeh KJC, Kuo WC, Chao HR, Sheu SC. Estrogen degradation and sorption onto colloids in a constructed wetland with different hydraulic retention times. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 277:62-68. [PMID: 24751297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds are a global concern, owing to their interference with the endocrine system of wildlife. In particular, natural estrogens at concentrations as low as ng/L level can interrupt the endocrine system of many organisms. A constructed wetland is an effective means of removing the residual levels of estrogen. This study investigates the estrogen degradation and sorption on colloids in a constructed wetland at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 27.5, 45.9, and 137.5h. Three natural estrogens (i.e. estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3)) are analyzed with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. At HRT=27.5h, no degradation occurs; at HRT=45.9h, the degradation rates are 0-46.2%; and at HRT=137.5h, the degradation rates are 40-84.3%. Additionally, estrogen sorption coefficients (logKCOC values) range from 3.37 to 4.89. Average logKCOC values are 4.08±0.33, 4.04±0.34, and 4.11±0.28 for E1, E2, and E3, respectively. At different HRTs, values of logKCOC increase with an increasing HRT. Analytical results indicate that constructed wetlands can remove residual natural estrogens. With an increasing HRT, the estrogen degradation rate increases as well as the estrogen sorption on colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Emerging Compounds Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Jyum C Yeh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Emerging Compounds Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chien Kuo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Emerging Compounds Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Shyang-Chwen Sheu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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47
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Wang J, Wang Y, Wang T, Cui K, Wang L, Ji R. Synthesis and characterization of 14C-labelled sulfate conjugates of steroid oestrogens. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:470-6. [PMID: 24912940 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Steroid oestrogens are typical endocrine-disrupting compounds in the environment and are excreted from the human and animals mainly as conjugates, including sulfate and glucuronide salts. The oestrogen conjugates are largely biologically inactive, but they can be de-conjugated and release free oestrogens, which usually exhibit strong oestrogenicity. Therefore, it is important to study the fate of oestrogen conjugates in the environment. However, because of the complexity of environmental matrixes, time-consuming pre-treatments of samples are usually required to reduce the interference of the matrixes. (14)C radioisotope can trace target substances and their degradation products at low concentrations in complex environmental samples and is therefore essential in such studies. We synthesized three oestrogen sulfates with (14)C-labelling at the ring, i.e. [3-(14)C]-estrone-3-sulfate ammonium salt, [3-(14)C]-17β-estradiol-17-sulfate ammonium salt, and [3-(14)C]-17β-estradiol-3,17-disulfate diammonium salt with radiochemical purities of >98% by sulfation of [3-(14)C]-labelled estrone and 17β-estradiol in dry pyridine with SO3 -triethylamine at room temperature or 90-95 °C, followed by hydrolysis with KOH-methanol solution and purification by preparative thin-layer chromatography on silica gel using an ammonia-containing eluent. The products were characterized by mass spectrometry and (13)C and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, using their corresponding non-labelled compounds. The (14)C-labelled oestrogen conjugates provide possibilities for studying their fate in soil and sediment environments as well as in the animal manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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48
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Yost EE, Meyer M, Dietze JE, Meissner BM, Worley-Davis L, Williams CM, Lee B, Kullman SW. Comprehensive assessment of hormones, phytoestrogens, and estrogenic activity in an anaerobic swine waste lagoon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:13781-90. [PMID: 24144340 PMCID: PMC3854839 DOI: 10.1021/es4026408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the distribution of steroid hormones, phytoestrogens, and estrogenic activity was thoroughly characterized within the anaerobic waste lagoon of a typical commercial swine sow operation. Three independent rounds of sampling were conducted in June 2009, April 2010, and February 2011. Thirty-seven analytes in lagoon slurry and sludge were assessed using LC/MS-MS, and yeast estrogen screen was used to determine estrogenic activity. Of the hormone analytes, steroidal estrogens were more abundant than androgens or progesterone, with estrone being the predominant estrogen species. Conjugated hormones were detected only at low levels. The isoflavone metabolite equol was by far the predominant phytoestrogen species, with daidzein, genistein, formononetin, and coumestrol present at lower levels. Phytoestrogens were often more abundant than steroidal estrogens, but contributed minimally toward total estrogenic activity. Analytes were significantly elevated in the solid phases of the lagoon; although low observed log KOC values suggest enhanced solubility in the aqueous phase, perhaps due to dissolved or colloidal organic carbon. The association with the solid phase, as well as recalcitrance of analytes to anaerobic degradation, results in a markedly elevated load of analytes and estrogenic activity within lagoon sludge. Overall, findings emphasize the importance of adsorption and transformation processes in governing the fate of these compounds in lagoon waste, which is ultimately used for broadcast application as a fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Yost
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Michael
T. Meyer
- Organic
Geochemistry Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological
Survey, 4821 Quail Crest
Place, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | - Julie E. Dietze
- Organic
Geochemistry Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological
Survey, 4821 Quail Crest
Place, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Meissner
- Organic
Geochemistry Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological
Survey, 4821 Quail Crest
Place, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | - Lynn Worley-Davis
- Prestage
Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina
State University, 2711
Founders Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - C. Michael Williams
- Prestage
Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina
State University, 2711
Founders Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Boknam Lee
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, 450 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27705, United States
| | - Seth W. Kullman
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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49
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Bai X, Casey FXM, Hakk H, DeSutter TM, Oduor PG, Khan E. Dissipation and transformation of 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate in soil-water systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 260:733-9. [PMID: 23846123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the environment, estrogen conjugates can be precursors to the endocrine-disrupting free estrogens, 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1). Compared to other estrogen conjugates, 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate (E2-17S) is detected at relatively high concentrations and frequencies in animal manure and surface runoff from fields receiving manure. To elucidate the lifecycle of manure-borne estrogens and their conjugates in the environment, the fate of radiolabelled E2-17S in agricultural soils was investigated using laboratory batch studies with soils of different organic carbon (OC) content (1.29% for topsoil versus 0.26% for subsoil). E2-17S was found relatively persistent in the aqueous phase throughout the duration of the 14 d experiment. The aqueous E2-17S persisted longer in the subsoil (half-lives (DT₅₀)=64-173 h) than the topsoil (DT₅₀=4.9-26 h), and the aqueous persistence of E2-17S depended on its initial concentration. The major transformation pathway was hydroxylation, yielding mono- and di-hydroxy-E2-17S (OH-E2-17S and diOH-E2-17S). Free estrogens, E2 and E1, were only observed in the sorbed phase of the soil at low concentrations (∼1% of applied dose), which demonstrated that deconjugation and subsequent oxidation had occurred. Although deconjugation was not a major pathway, E2-17S could be a precursor of free estrogens in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Bai
- Department of Soil Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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