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Larrea Murrell JA, Alvarez BR, Petre A, Gómez AS, Moya DL, Rojas Badía MM, Boltes K. Presence of pharmaceutical contaminants of emerging concerns in two rivers of western Cuba and their relationship with the extracellular enzymatic activity of microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123589. [PMID: 38373626 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the concern derived from the presence of emerging contaminants in the environment and the possible effects on the One Health trilogy has increased. This study determined the concentration of pharmaceutical contaminants of emerging concern and their relationship with the extracellular enzymatic activity of microbial communities from two rivers in western Cuba. Two sampling stations were analyzed; one in the Almendares River (urban) and the other in the San Juan River (rural), taking into account the pollution sources that arrive at these stations and previous physicochemical characterizations. Extracellular protease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lipase, and catalase activities in water and sediments were determined and correlated with contaminants of emerging concern determined by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. This study evidenced the presence of different pharmaceutical contaminants found in the categories of antihypertensives, stimulants, anti-inflammatories, and antibiotics in both rivers. Concentrations of contaminants of emerging concern were greater in the Almendares River compared to the San Juan River. In addition, through the canonical redundancy analysis, the influence of these contaminants on the extracellular enzymatic activities of microbial communities was documented, where in most cases they inhibit protease, phosphatase, and lipase activities and enhance catalase activity in response to oxidative stress. The present investigation constitutes the first report in Cuba of the presence of pharmaceutical contaminants of emerging concern and one of the few works that exist in the Latin American region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeny Adina Larrea Murrell
- Department of Microbiology and Virology. Biology Faculty. University of Havana. #455 25 Street between J and I. Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, Havana, Cuba
| | - Beatriz Romeu Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology and Virology. Biology Faculty. University of Havana. #455 25 Street between J and I. Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, Havana, Cuba
| | - Alice Petre
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Water, Avda. Punto Com, 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Salcedo Gómez
- Department of Microbiology and Virology. Biology Faculty. University of Havana. #455 25 Street between J and I. Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, Havana, Cuba
| | - Daysi Lugo Moya
- Department of Microbiology and Virology. Biology Faculty. University of Havana. #455 25 Street between J and I. Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, Havana, Cuba
| | - Marcia María Rojas Badía
- Department of Microbiology and Virology. Biology Faculty. University of Havana. #455 25 Street between J and I. Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, Havana, Cuba
| | - Karina Boltes
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Water, Avda. Punto Com, 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Rajendiran A, S P. Assessing the efficacy of river bank filtration around a check dam in a non-perennial river for rural water supply in southern India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:883. [PMID: 37354338 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Ideal locations for bank filtration wells were identified by assessing the efficiency of river bank filtration around a check dam in a non-perennial river located in southern India. The methodology of this study includes water sampling and water level measurements from existing wells, analysis of geochemical and biological parameters, pumping tests and borehole drilling. The conservative chloride and water level measurements indicate that production wells can be positioned up to 300 m from the check dam along the groundwater flow direction. It is recommended that if wells are not receiving 50% surface water contribution, then the production wells must be chosen within 110 m. In addition, the effectiveness of a river bank in improving water quality is evaluated by examining its hydraulic conductivity of 20 to 50 m/day (estimated using borehole data and pumping tests) and travel time and analysed water quality parameters. A significant reduction in microbiological load from surface water is evident even with a short travel time of 46 days. Substantial reduction in turbidity and improved geochemical characteristics were observed in wells located within the production zones which are supported by the Schoeller plot. The above results reveal that for the non-perennial river, in order to achieve maximum benefit through bank filtration, the same well cannot be used as a production well. Based on the water level in the check dam, the direction of groundwater flow and the percentage contribution of the river, it is necessary to shift the production well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbuchezhian Rajendiran
- Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parimalarenganayaki S
- Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sun H, Zhang L, Wang L, Dong D, Li Y, Guo Z. Enhanced freezing-induced carbamazepine degradation by bromate under solar irradiation via the formation of hypobromous acid and hydroxyl radical. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131793. [PMID: 37302190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ice is a crucial medium in cold regions and plays an important role in the transformation of pollutants. When waters receiving treated wastewater freeze in cold regions during winter, the emerging contaminant carbamazepine (CBZ) and the disinfection by-product bromate ( [Formula: see text] ) can coexist in ice. However, their interaction in ice remains poorly understood. Here, CBZ degradation by [Formula: see text] in ice was investigated via a simulation experiment. Results showed that 96% of CBZ was degraded by [Formula: see text] after 90 min in ice in dark, while the degradation was negligible in water. The time required for nearly 100% CBZ degradation by [Formula: see text] in ice under solar irradiation was 22.2% shorter than in dark. The production of hypobromous acid (HOBr) was responsible for the gradually accelerated CBZ degradation rate in ice. The HOBr generation time in ice under solar irradiation was 50% shorter than in dark. The formation of HOBr and hydroxyl radical by the direct photolysis of [Formula: see text] under solar irradiation enhanced the CBZ degradation in ice. CBZ was mainly degraded by deamidation, decarbonylation, decarboxylation, hydroxylation, molecular rearrangement, and oxidation reactions. Furthermore, 18.5% of degradation products exhibited lower toxicity than their parent CBZ. This work can provide new insights into the environmental behaviors and fate of emerging contaminants in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Liting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Deming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Zeeshan M, Schumann P, Pabst S, Ruhl AS. Transformation of potentially persistent and mobile organic micropollutants in column experiments. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15822. [PMID: 37159681 PMCID: PMC10163653 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of potentially persistent and mobile (PM) organic micropollutants (OMP) in the aquatic environment is recognized as a severe threat to water resources and drinking water suppliers. The current study investigated long-term fate (persistency and bio-transformation) of several emerging contaminants in a simulated bank filtration (BF) for the first time. In parallel, four sand column systems were operated with groundwater and continuously spiked with an average concentration of 1 μg/L for 24 OMP. Each column system consisted of two sand columns connected in series. Presumably, biological activities in the first column were higher than in the second column, as dissolved oxygen utilization, dissolved organic matter (DOM) and UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) reduction rates were high in the first column. This study revealed that 9 out of 24 OMP were persistent and mobile throughout the study under oxic conditions and within a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 days. However, 2 (out of 9) OMP were persistent but showed sorption behavior. 15 (out of 24) OMP displayed bio-transformation, 4 were eliminated entirely within 4.5 days of HRT. Others showed constant or improved degradation with the adaptation (or operation) time. Improved degradation with adaption was high in the bioactive sand columns. However, 8 OMP showed improved elimination at high HRT, even in low biologically active columns. In addition, no significant effect of the DOM on the eliminations of OMP was found except for 4-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine (HHTMP), 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid (MPSA) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The eliminations of HHTMP (Pearson's r > 0.80, p < 0.05), MPSA (Pearson's r > 0.70) and SMX (Pearson's r > 0.80) correlated with the removals of humic substances in the sand columns. Overall, adaptation time and HRT play a crucial role in the elimination of emerging OMP through BF, yet at the same time several OMP exhibit persistent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Water Treatment, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author. German Environment Agency, Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Pia Schumann
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Water Treatment, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Pabst
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.1, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aki Sebastian Ruhl
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Water Treatment, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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Handl S, Kutlucinar KG, Allabashi R, Troyer C, Mayr E, Langergraber G, Hann S, Perfler R. Importance of hydraulic travel time for the evaluation of organic compounds removal in bank filtration. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137852. [PMID: 36669539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The growing global demand for drinking water is driving both the diversification of water supply sources and their sustainability. River bank filtration (RBF) is an excellent option since it strongly reduces the extent of treatment steps compared to direct usage of surface water. Organic micropollutants (e.g. pharmaceuticals) are widely recognized as a hazard in drinking water production from surface water. Due to their potentially high mobility, stability, bioaccumulation and persistency, these substances can pass through RBF-systems. Scientific studies on compound removal and attenuation efficiency of RBF rely on the knowledge of travel time to compare concentrations in the river to the ones in the bank filtrate since water quality in rivers can change rapidly. However, bank filtrate samples represent a mixture of water with different travel times as the flow paths vary. This has not yet been considered in studies of bank filtration removal efficiency for organic micro pollutants. Here we present a method that considers the residence-time distribution of the bank filtrate sample obtained by groundwater modelling to evaluate the removal efficiency of RBF for organic micropollutants. The method was tested in a comprehensive study with 50 samples taken over a one-year-period at a river bank filtration site in Vienna (Austria). Our findings revealed that better coverage of varying river water quality (higher sampling frequency during the period of infiltration) resulted not only in a higher number of compounds considered as removed but also significantly reduced the number of compounds considered to have formed during the RBF process. The application of the presented method indicated that RBF is very effective in removing organic micropollutants. Considering different travel times will provide better models and a better understanding of the potential of RBF for pollutant removal and thus supports its safe application as a solution to the growing demand for drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Handl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Kaan Georg Kutlucinar
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roza Allabashi
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Troyer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernest Mayr
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Langergraber
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Hann
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Perfler
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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Chen Y, Su X, Wan Y, Lyu H, Dong W, Shi Y, Zhang Y. Quantifying the effect of the nitrogen biogeochemical processes on the distribution of ammonium in the riverbank filtration system. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114358. [PMID: 36210547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) enrichment of riverbank filtration (RBF) systems is gaining popularity. However, most previous research has concentrated on NO3- removal efficiencies, while the mechanisms of NH4+ enrichment remain unknown. A nitrogen biogeochemical process model was developed for the quantitative analysis of NH4+ enrichment in the Kaladian well field in northwest Songyuan City, NE China. Data from laboratory experiments and in-situ monitoring were used to determine initial values and calibrate the thermodynamic/kinetic parameters representing nitrogen (N) biogeochemical reactions. (1) The NO3- from river was subjected to denitrification (DNF) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) within 10-14 m of the shore, whereas the NH4+ in groundwater was caused by DNRA, organic nitrogen mineralization (MIN), and mixing with laterally recharged high NH4+ groundwater. (2) DNF and DNRA were regulated by hydrodynamic processes, with the ranges of these processes being more significant in the wet season due to a higher hydraulic gradient. MIN occurred widely throughout the water flow path, with temperature primarily controlling the rates of the three reactions. (3) DNRA activity was relatively higher in the wet season when the water temperature was higher within 10-14 m of the shore. In the wet season, DNRA contributed 25%-30% to NO3- reduction, which was higher than in the dry season (5%-10%). DNRA contributed at least 40% and 15% to NH4+ enrichment in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. (4). Organic N in media gradually released NH4+ into groundwater via MIN and desorption across the entire flow path, with contributions to NH4+ enrichment reaching 75% and 85%, respectively, in the wet and dry seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxuan Chen
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130026, China; China Institute of Geo-Environmental Monitoring, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaosi Su
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130026, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China
| | - Yuyu Wan
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130026, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China.
| | - Hang Lyu
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130026, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China
| | - Weihong Dong
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China
| | - Yakun Shi
- No. 1 Institute of Geo-environment Survey of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yiwu Zhang
- Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing, 210000, China
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Kruisdijk E, Stuyfzand PJ, van Breukelen BM. Degradation of seven pesticides and two metabolites before and during aquifer storage transfer and recovery operation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 251:104094. [PMID: 36228506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of 7 common pesticides (bentazon, boscalid, chloridazon, fluopyram, flutolanil, imidacloprid, and methoxyfenozide) and 2 metabolites of chloridazon (desphenyl-chloridazon, and methyl-desphenyl-chloridazon) was studied in an anoxic and brackish sandy aquifer before and during Aquifer Storage Transfer and Recovery (ASTR) operation. Fresh tile drainage water was injected and stored for later re-use as irrigation water. We hypothesized that electron acceptors (O2, NO3), dissolved organic carbon (∼24.7 mg/L), nutrients (NO3: ∼14.1 mg/L, NH4: ∼0.13 mg/L, PO4: ∼5.2 mg/L), and biodegrading bacteria in tile drainage water could stimulate degradation of the pesticides and metabolites (ranging between 0.013 and 10.8 μg/L) introduced in the aquifer. Pesticide degradation was studied at 6 depths in the aquifer using push-pull tests lasting ±18 days before the onset of ASTR operation. Degradation was too limited to quantify and/or could not be assessed because of the potential occurrence of pesticide retardation. Utilizing push-pull tests to obtain degradation constants should only be considered in future studies for non-retarding pesticides with relative low half-lives (here <20 days). During ASTR operation, pesticide degradation was studied at the same depths during 3 storage periods equally spread over 1.5 years of ASTR operation. Overall, trends of degradation were observed, although with relatively high half-lives of at least 53 days. Microbial adaptation of the aquifer and/or bioaugmentation by the injected biodegrading bacteria did not result in enhanced degradation during consecutive storage periods. Operational monitoring data over longer periods and distances yielded half-lives of at least 141 days. The slow degradation mostly agrees with previous studies. The injected tile drainage water composition did therefore not notably stimulate pesticide degradation. The relatively persistent behavior of the studied pesticides/metabolites implies that ASTR abstracted water will have generally high pesticide concentrations, and non-abstracted water may form a contamination risk for the surrounding native brackish groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel Kruisdijk
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands; Acacia Water B.V., Van Hogendorpplein 4, 2805 BM Gouda, the Netherlands.
| | - Pieter J Stuyfzand
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands; Stuyfzand Hydroconsult+, 2042 BL Zandvoort, the Netherlands
| | - Boris M van Breukelen
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
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Zhao J, Fang S, Liu G, Qi W, Bai Y, Liu H, Qu J. Role of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the removal of organic micropollutants during simulated riverbank filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119250. [PMID: 36274354 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation plays an important role in the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) during riverbank filtration (RBF) for drinking water production. The ability of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM) to remove OMPs has attracted increasing attention. However, the distribution of AOM in RBF and its role in the degradation of OMPs remains unknown. In this study, the behavior of 128 selected OMPs and the distribution of AOM and their roles in the degradation of OMPs in RBF were explored by column and batch experiments simulating the first meter of the riverbank. The results showed that the selected OMPs were effectively removed (82/128 OMPs, >70% removal) primarily by biodegradation and partly by adsorption. Inefficiently removed OMPs tended to have low molecular weights, low log P, and contain secondary amides, secondary sulfonamides, secondary ketimines, and benzyls. In terms of the microbial communities, the relative abundance of AOM increased from 0.1%-0.2% (inlet-sand) to 5.3%-5.9% (outlet-sand), which was dominated by ammonia-oxidizing archaea whose relative abundance increased from 23%-72% (inlet-sand) to 97% (outlet-sand). Comammox accounted for 23%-64% in the inlet-sand and 1% in the outlet-sand. The abundances of AOM amoA genes kept stable in the inlet-sand of control columns, while decreased by 78% in the treatment columns, suggesting the inhibition effect of allylthiourea (ATU) on AOM. It is observed that AOM played an important role in the degradation of OMPs, where its inhibition led to the corresponding inhibition of 32 OMPs (5/32 were completely suppressed). In particular, OMPs with low molecular weights and containing primary amides, secondary amides, benzyls, and secondary sulfonamides were more likely to be removed by AOM. This study reveals the vital role of AOM in the removal of OMPs, deepens our understanding of the degradation of OMPs in RBF, and offers valuable insights into the physiochemical properties of OMPs and their AOM co-metabolic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shangbiao Fang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600GA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Su X, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Wan Y, Lyu H, Dong W. Effects of carbon load on nitrate reduction during riverbank filtration: Field monitoring and batch experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157198. [PMID: 35810902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Riverbank filtration (RBF) is a well-established technique worldwide, and is critical for the maintenance of groundwater quality and production of clean drinking water. Evaluation of the decay of exogenous nitrate (NO3-) in river water and the enrichment of ammonium (NH4+) in groundwater during RBF is important; these two processes are mainly influenced by denitrification (DNF) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) controlled by the groundwater carbon load. In this study, the effects of carbon load (organic carbon [OC]: NO3-) on the competing nitrate reduction (DNRA and DNF) were assessed during RBF using field monitoring and a laboratory batch experiment. Results show the groundwater OC: NO3- ratio did not directly affect the reaction rate of DNRA and DNF, however, it could control the competitive partitioning between the two. In the near-shore zone, the groundwater OC: NO3- ratio shows significant seasonal variations along the filtration path owing to the changing conditions of redox, OC-rich, and NO3--limited. A greater proportion of NO3- would be available for DNRA in the wet season with higher OC: NO3- ratio (> 10), resulting in a significantly NH4+-N enrichment rate (from 1.43 × 10-3 to 9.54 × 10-4 mmol L-1 d-1) in the near-shore zone where the zone of Mn (IV) oxide reduction. However, the activity of DNRA was suppressed with lower OC: NO3- ratio (< 10) in the dry season, resulting in a stable NH4+-N enrichment rate (from 3.12 × 10-4 to 1.30 × 10-4 mmol L-1 d-1). Benefiting from seasonal variation of OC-rich and NO3--limited conditions, DNRA bacteria outcompeted denitrifiers, which eventually led to seasonal differences in NO3- reduction in the near-shore zone. Overall, under the effect of DNRA induced by continuous high carbon load in RBF systems, nitrogen input is not permanently removed but rather retained in groundwater during RBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosi Su
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Zhuyan Zheng
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Yaoxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China.
| | - Yuyu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Hang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Weihong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
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10
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Bech TB, Stehrer T, Jakobsen R, Badawi N, Schostag MD, Hinsby K, Aamand J, Hellal J. Degradation potential of MCPA, metolachlor and propiconazole in the hyporheic sediments of an agriculturally impacted river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155226. [PMID: 35461929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyporheic sediments are influenced by physical, biological, and chemical processes due to the interactions with river water and has been shown to play an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides. Therefore, this study evaluated the bacterial degradation potential of MCPA, metolachlor and propiconazole in hyporheic sediments sampled along a 20 km long stretch of an agriculturally impacted river dominated primarily by water losing conditions. Water physicochemical parameters in the river and nearby groundwater wells were assessed along with pesticide sorption to sediments and bacterial community composition. Degradation and mineralisation batch experiments were set up from six locations (five water losing, one water gaining) using environmentally relevant concentrations of pesticides (10 μg kg-1). Highly variable DT50 values from 11 to 44 days for MCPA, 11-27 days for metolachlor (MTC) and 60-147 days for propiconazole were calculated based on ~140 day studies. Degradation of MTC led to accumulation of the transformation products MOA and MESA in batch experiments. Noteworthy, MESA was detected in the groundwater wells adjacent to the part of the river impacted by losing conditions suggesting that degradation processes in hyporheic sediments may lead to the formation of transformation products (TP) leaching towards groundwater. Further, from propiconazole was identified a persistent transformation product being different from 1,2,4-triazole. Specific calculated DT50 values could not the linked to bacterial diversity. However, generally all sediment samples were characterised by high bacterial diversity, where approximately 80% of the relative sequence abundances were < 1%, which may increase the likelihood of finding contaminant-degrading genes, thereby explaining the general high contaminant-degrading activity. The studied sediments revealed a high potential to degrade pesticides despite only being exposed to low diffuse pollutant concentrations that is similar to calculated DT50 values in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B Bech
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Stehrer
- Proteomics Service Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rasmus Jakobsen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nora Badawi
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten D Schostag
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klaus Hinsby
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Hydrology, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Aamand
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Zhao J, Fang S, Qi W, Liu H, Qu J. Do NH 4+-N and AOB affect atenolol removal during simulated riverbank filtration? CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134653. [PMID: 35447203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation is regarding as the most important organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) removal mechanism during riverbank filtration (RBF), but the OMPs co-metabolism mechanism and the role of NH4+-N during this process are not well understood. Here, we selected atenolol as a typical OMP to explore the effect of NH4+-N concentration on atenolol removal and the role of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in atenolol biodegradation. The results showed that RBF is an effective barrier for atenolol mainly by biodegradation and adsorption. The ratio of biodegradation and adsorption to atenolol removal was dependent on atenolol concentration. Specifically, atenolol with low concentration (500 ng/L) is almost completely removed by adsorption, while atenolol with higher concentration (100 μg/L) is removed by biodegradation (51.7%) and adsorption (30.8%). Long-term difference in influent NH4+-N concentrations did not show significant impact on atenolol (500 ng/L) removal, which was mainly dominated by adsorption. Besides, AOB enhanced the removal of atenolol (100 μg/L) as biodegradation played a more crucial role in removing atenolol under this concentration. Both AOB and heterotrophic bacteria can degrade atenolol during RBF, but the degree of AOB's contribution may be related to the concentration of atenolol exposure. The main reactions occurred during atenolol biodegradation possibly includes primary amide hydrolysis, hydroxylation and secondary amine depropylation. About 90% of the bio-transformed atenolol was produced as atenolol acid. AOB could transform atenolol to atenolol acid by inducing primary amide hydrolysis but failed to degrade atenolol acid further under the conditions of this paper. This study provides novel insights regarding the roles played by AOB in OMPs biotransformation during RBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shangbiao Fang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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12
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Ma L, Liu Y, Yang Q, Jiang L, Li G. Occurrence and distribution of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in wastewater related riverbank groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153372. [PMID: 35085625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are among the most frequently reported groups of emerging contaminants in groundwater worldwide. PPCPs in rivers may infiltrate into groundwater through hydraulic exchange and potentially threaten drinking water safety and human health. In the present study, the occurrence and distribution of nine PPCPs in riverbank groundwater and adjacent rivers (distance up to 113 m) were investigated at four sites with different lithological features and permeabilities of aquifers in a city in North China. Seven of nine PPCPs were detectable in groundwater, ranging from <LOQ (limit of quantification) to 128 ng/L. N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), carbamazepine, and caffeine had the highest detection frequencies (>90%). The concentrations and major compounds in river water varied with the sampling location and water system distribution, resulting in distinct compositions of PPCPs in the groundwater at each site along with different lithology and hydrological conditions. The spatial distribution of PPCPs in riverbank groundwater was affected by the hydraulic connection between the groundwater and river and the lithology of aquifers. Direct hydraulic connection of a fine sand aquifer to the adjacent river caused a decrease in PPCPs with increasing distance. The results also suggested that sandy gravel aquifers had a lower capacity to attenuate PPCPs compared to that of fine sand. Significant correlations between PPCP concentrations and thirteen physicochemical factors of groundwater were discovered, including nitrate, potassium, and manganese. Overall, this study provides important evidence on the role of lithology and hydrological conditions on the composition, distribution, and influential physicochemical factors of PPCPs in riverbank groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Guanghe Li
- School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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13
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Rolston H, Hyman M, Semprini L. Single-well push-pull tests evaluating isobutane as a primary substrate for promoting in situ cometabolic biotransformation reactions. Biodegradation 2022; 33:349-371. [PMID: 35553282 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-09987-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A series of single-well push-pull tests (SWPPTs) were performed to investigate the efficacy of isobutane (2-methylpropane) as a primary substrate for in situ stimulation of microorganisms able to cometabolically transform common groundwater contaminants, such as chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D). In biostimulation tests, the disappearance of isobutane relative to a nonreactive bromide tracer indicated an isobutane-utilizing microbial community rapidly developed in the aquifer around the test well. SWPPTs were performed as natural drift tests with first-order rates of isobutane consumption ranging from 0.4 to 1.4 day-1. Because groundwater contaminants were not present at the demonstration site, isobutene (2-methylpropene) was used as a nontoxic surrogate to demonstrate cometabolic activity in the subsurface after biostimulation. The transformation of isobutene to isobutene epoxide (2-methyl-1,2-epoxypropane) illustrates the epoxidation process previously shown for common groundwater contaminants after cometabolic transformation by alkane-utilizing bacteria. The rate and extent of isobutene consumption and the formation and transformation of isobutene epoxide were greater in the presence of isobutane, with no evidence of primary substrate inhibition. Modeled concentrations of isobutane-utilizing biomass in microcosms constructed with groundwater collected before and after each SWPPT offered additional evidence that the isobutane-utilizing microbial community was stimulated in the aquifer. Experiments in groundwater microcosms also demonstrated that the isobutane-utilizing bacteria stimulated in the subsurface could cometabolically transform a mixture of co-substrates including isobutene, 1,1-dichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and 1,4-D with the same co-substrate preferences as the bacterium Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC strain 21198 after growth on isobutane. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of isobutane as primary substrate for stimulating in situ cometabolic activity and the use of isobutene as surrogate to investigate in situ cometabolic reactions catalyzed by isobutane-stimulated bacteria.
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14
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Oberleitner D, Schmid R, Schulz W, Bergmann A, Achten C. Feature-based molecular networking for identification of organic micropollutants including metabolites by non-target analysis applied to riverbank filtration. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5291-5300. [PMID: 34286355 PMCID: PMC8405475 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to growing concern about organic micropollutants and their transformation products (TP) in surface and drinking water, reliable identification of unknowns is required. Here, we demonstrate how non-target liquid chromatography (LC)-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and the feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) workflow provide insight into water samples from four riverbank filtration sites with different redox conditions. First, FBMN prioritized and connected drinking water relevant and seasonally dependent compounds based on a modification-aware MS/MS cosine similarity. Within the resulting molecular networks, forty-three compounds were annotated. Here, carbamazepine, sartans, and their respective TP were investigated exemplarily. With chromatographic information and spectral similarity, four additional TP (dealkylated valsartan, dealkylated irbesartan, two oxygenated irbesartan isomers) and olmesartan were identified and partly verified with an authentic standard. In this study, sartans and TP were investigated and grouped regarding their removal behavior under different redox conditions and seasons for the first time. Antihypertensives were grouped into compounds being well removed during riverbank filtration, those primarily removed under anoxic conditions, and rather persistent compounds. Observed seasonal variations were mainly limited to varying river water concentrations. FBMN is a powerful tool for identifying previously unknown or unexpected compounds and their TP in water samples by non-target analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Oberleitner
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Robin Schmid
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schulz
- Laboratory for Operation Control and Research, Zweckverb and Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129, Langenau, Germany
| | - Axel Bergmann
- Rheinisch-Westfälische Wasserwerksgesellschaft mbH, Am Schloß Broich 1-3, 45479, Mülheim (Ruhr), Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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15
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Li Z, Yu X, Yu F, Huang X. Occurrence, sources and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and artificial sweeteners in groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:20903-20920. [PMID: 33666841 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is considered as the main source for supplying the public drinking water in many countries and regions; however, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and artificial sweeteners (ASs) found in groundwater can exert harmful effects on human health and aquatic ecosystems, and therefore, they are of persistent concern. The recent data on the occurrence of a series of PPCPs (including antibiotics, excitants and lipid regulators) and ASs often detected in groundwater are reviewed, in which the PPCPs and ASs occur in groundwater at the concentration from several nanograms to several micrograms per litre. In addition, the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of PPCPs and ASs are discussed and the main sources and possibly pollution pathways of PPCPs and ASs in groundwater are summarised and analysed. Additionally, the adsorption, migration and degradation of PPCPs and ASs in underground environments are evaluated. Due to the long residence time in groundwater, pollutants are likely to threaten the freshwater body for decades under certain conditions. Therefore, according to the current level of pollution, it is necessary to improve and enhance the supervision on PPCP and AS pollutants and prevent and control groundwater pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Li
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Furong Yu
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
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16
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Barkow IS, Oswald SE, Lensing HJ, Munz M. Seasonal dynamics modifies fate of oxygen, nitrate, and organic micropollutants during bank filtration - temperature-dependent reactive transport modeling of field data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9682-9700. [PMID: 33151490 PMCID: PMC7884598 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bank filtration is considered to improve water quality through microbially mediated degradation of pollutants and is suitable for waterworks to increase their production. In particular, aquifer temperatures and oxygen supply have a great impact on many microbial processes. To investigate the temporal and spatial behavior of selected organic micropollutants during bank filtration in dependence of relevant biogeochemical conditions, we have set up a 2D reactive transport model using MODFLOW and PHT3D under the user interface ORTI3D. The considered 160-m-long transect ranges from the surface water to a groundwater extraction well of the adjacent waterworks. For this purpose, water levels, temperatures, and chemical parameters were regularly measured in the surface water and groundwater observation wells over one and a half years. To simulate the effect of seasonal temperature variations on microbial mediated degradation, we applied an empirical temperature factor, which yields a strong reduction of the degradation rate at groundwater temperatures below 11 °C. Except for acesulfame, the considered organic micropollutants are substantially degraded along their subsurface flow paths with maximum degradation rates in the range of 10-6 mol L-1 s-1. Preferential biodegradation of phenazone, diclofenac, and valsartan was found under oxic conditions, whereas carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole were degraded under anoxic conditions. This study highlights the influence of seasonal variations in oxygen supply and temperature on the fate of organic micropollutants in surface water infiltrating into an aquifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isolde S Barkow
- Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Sascha E Oswald
- Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Lensing
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute (BAW), Kussmaulstraße 17, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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17
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Kondor AC, Jakab G, Vancsik A, Filep T, Szeberényi J, Szabó L, Maász G, Ferincz Á, Dobosy P, Szalai Z. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the Danube and drinking water wells: Efficiency of riverbank filtration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114893. [PMID: 32544664 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface waters are becoming increasingly contaminated by pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), which is a potential risk factor for drinking water quality owing to incomplete riverbank filtration. This study examined the efficiency of riverbank filtration with regard to 111 PhACs in a highly urbanized section of the river Danube. One hundred seven samples from the Danube were compared to 90 water samples from relevant drinking water abstraction wells (DWAW) during five sampling periods. The presence of 52 PhACs was detected in the Danube, the quantification of 19 agents in this section of the river was without any precedent, and 10 PhACs were present in >80% of the samples. The most frequent PhACs showed higher concentrations in winter than in summer. In the DWAWs, 32 PhACs were quantified. For the majority of PhACs, the bank filtration efficiency was >95%, and not influenced by concentrations measured in the river. For carbamazepine lidocaine, tramadol, and lamotrigine, low (<50%) filtration efficiency was observed; however, no correlations were observed between the concentrations detected in the Danube and in the wells. These frequently occurring PhACs in surface waters have a relatively even distribution, and their sporadic appearance in wells is a function of both space and time, which may be caused by the constantly changing environment and micro-biological parameters, the dynamic operating schedule of abstraction wells, and the resulting sudden changes in flow rates. Due to the changes in the efficiency of riverbank filtration in space and time, predicting the occurrence and concentrations of these four PhACs poses a further challenge to ensuring a safe drinking water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Csaba Kondor
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary
| | - Gergely Jakab
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., Budapest, H-1117, Hungary; Institute of Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros, Miskolc, H-3515, Hungary.
| | - Anna Vancsik
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary
| | - Tibor Filep
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary
| | - József Szeberényi
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary
| | - Lili Szabó
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gábor Maász
- MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., Tihany, H-8237, Hungary
| | - Árpád Ferincz
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1., Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary
| | - Péter Dobosy
- MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Karolina út 29., Budapest, H-1113, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szalai
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
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18
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Oberleitner D, Schulz W, Bergmann A, Achten C. Impact of seasonality, redox conditions, travel distances and initial concentrations on micropollutant removal during riverbank filtration at four sites. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126255. [PMID: 32092574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Riverbank filtration (RBF) is a reliable water purification technique that has proven to be suitable for the removal of organic micropollutants. Its removal efficiency and dependency on a variety of factors such as redox conditions, temperatures, geology, travel times, level of initial micropollutant concentrations and seasonality were investigated during three seasonal sampling campaigns. Two anoxic (silty sand, Ems river) and two oxic (gravel, Ruhr river) RBF sites in Germany with different travel distances (42-633 m) were studied. Micropollutant concentrations were examined using a large-volume direct injection liquid chromatography method coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Seasonal differences in micropollutant concentrations in the rivers were observed for chlorotolurone, diclofenac, terbuthylazine, mecoprop-P, MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) and propyphenazone. Redox dependencies in RBF were only found for sulfamethoxazole, propyphenazone, terbuthylazine and carbamazepine. Data for oxazepam, tramadol, N-desmethyl-tramadol, tilidin-desmethyl, carbamazepine and carbendazim indicate a required minimum travel distance of e.g. 100-200 m for the complete removal. Notably, travel time did not seem to be a substantial factor for their removal. High conductivity aquifers are also well suited for micropollutant removal. Seasonal initial concentration level variations showed no impact on the resulting abstraction well concentrations. Although the calculated removal efficiencies varied, they proved to be improper for seasonal raw water quality comparison. Knowledge of micropollutant behavior in riverbank filtration was broadened and RBF proved to be well suited for effective micropollutant reduction throughout the year, yet for a complete removal long travel distances or further technical purification steps are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Oberleitner
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schulz
- Laboratory for Operation Control and Research, Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129, Langenau, Germany
| | - Axel Bergmann
- Rheinisch-Westfälische Wasserwerksgesellschaft mbH, Am Schloß Broich 1-3, 45479, Mülheim (Ruhr), Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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19
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Ma R, Qu H, Wang B, Wang F, Yu G. Widespread monitoring of chiral pharmaceuticals in urban rivers reveals stereospecific occurrence and transformation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105657. [PMID: 32240890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to discuss the enantiomeric occurrence of chiral pharmaceuticals including 5 parent compounds (PCs) metoprolol, propranolol, atenolol, venlafaxine and fluoxetine as well as 6 of their transformation products (TPs) in surface water in Beijing. Among which, 9 out of 11 were detected during the two sampling campaigns with N-O-Didesmethylvenlafaxine (NODDV) and α-hydroxymetoprolol confirmed in the catchment for the first time. Metoprolol acid (MTPA) was the most abundant up to 1508 ng L-1, followed by metoprolol and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV). Most compounds showed 100% detection frequency or nearly, while norfluoxetine (the main metabolite of fluoxetine) and 4-hydroxypropranololone (one TP of propranolol) were not detected. Metoprolol (MTP) and venlafaxine (VFX) did not vary significantly between two sampling periods with mean concentrations of 280.7 and 22.9 ng L-1, respectively. Enantiomeric enrichment was observed for venlafaxine, metoprolol and NODDV, where R-venlafaxine was preferentially biotransformed than the S-form through O-desmethylation. Risk assessment indicated that fluoxetine and atenolol could pose harmful effects to aquatic organisms. This work provides enantiospecific profiles of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), and extended the concept of applying the ratio of TPs vs. parent compound plus their enantiomeric traits for quantitative assessment of in situ biodegradation. Due to the considerable contribution by TPs (64% in present study) as well as the unexpected impacts from enantiomeric existence, the stereoselectivity of chiral pollutants during environmental process should be taken into account in future study. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it is the first comprehensive evaluation of chiral pharmaceuticals and transformation products at enantiomeric level in aquatic environment in China, which would facilitate better understanding of their environmental fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Albergamo V, Schollée JE, Schymanski EL, Helmus R, Timmer H, Hollender J, de Voogt P. Nontarget Screening Reveals Time Trends of Polar Micropollutants in a Riverbank Filtration System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7584-7594. [PMID: 31244084 PMCID: PMC6610556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The historic emissions of polar micropollutants in a natural drinking water source were investigated by nontarget screening with high-resolution mass spectrometry and open cheminformatics tools. The study area consisted of a riverbank filtration transect fed by the river Lek, a branch of the lower Rhine, and exhibiting up to 60-year travel time. More than 18,000 profiles were detected. Hierarchical clustering revealed that 43% of the 15 most populated clusters were characterized by intensity trends with maxima in the 1990s, reflecting intensified human activities, wastewater treatment plant upgrades and regulation in the Rhine riparian countries. Tentative structure annotation was performed using automated in silico fragmentation. Candidate structures retrieved from ChemSpider were scored based on the fit of the in silico fragments to the experimental tandem mass spectra, similarity to openly accessible accurate mass spectra, associated metadata, and presence in a suspect list. Sixty-seven unique structures (72 over both ionization modes) were tentatively identified, 25 of which were confirmed and included contaminants so far unknown to occur in bank filtrate or in natural waters at all, such as tetramethylsulfamide. This study demonstrates that many classes of hydrophilic organics enter riverbank filtration systems, persisting and migrating for decades if biogeochemical conditions are stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Albergamo
- Institute
for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Jennifer E. Schollée
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Emma L. Schymanski
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University
of Luxembourg, House
of Biomedicine II 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rick Helmus
- Institute
for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Timmer
- Oasen, Nieuwe Gouwe
O.Z 3, 2801 SB Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse
16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pim de Voogt
- Institute
for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- KWR Watercycle
Research Institute, Groningenhaven
7, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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21
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Schaper JL, Posselt M, Bouchez C, Jaeger A, Nuetzmann G, Putschew A, Singer G, Lewandowski J. Fate of Trace Organic Compounds in the Hyporheic Zone: Influence of Retardation, the Benthic Biolayer, and Organic Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4224-4234. [PMID: 30905154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fate of 28 trace organic compounds (TrOCs) was investigated in the hyporheic zone (HZ) of an urban lowland river in Berlin, Germany. Water samples were collected hourly over 17 h in the river and in three depths in the HZ using minipoint samplers. The four relatively variable time series were subsequently used to calculate first-order removal rates and retardation coefficients via a one-dimensional reactive transport model. Reversible sorption processes led to substantial retardation of many TrOCs along the investigated hyporheic flow path. Some TrOCs, such as dihydroxy-carbamazepine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, and venlafaxine, were found to be stable in the HZ. Others were readily removed with half-lives in the first 10 cm of the HZ ranging from 0.1 ± 0.01 h for iopromide to 3.3 ± 0.3 h for tramadol. Removal rate constants of the majority of reactive TrOCs were highest in the first 10 cm of the HZ, where removal of biodegradable dissolved organic matter was also the highest. Because conditions were oxic along the top 30 cm of the investigated flow path, we attribute this finding to the high microbial activity typically associated with the shallow HZ. Frequent and short vertical hyporheic exchange flows could therefore be more important for reach-scale TrOC removal than long, lateral hyporheic flow paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Schaper
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Chair of Water Quality Engineering , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Malte Posselt
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) , Stockholm University , 114 19 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Camille Bouchez
- CNRS , Univ Rennes , Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118 , 35000 Rennes , France
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Geography Department , Humboldt University Berlin , Rudower Chaussee 16 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gunnar Nuetzmann
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Geography Department , Humboldt University Berlin , Rudower Chaussee 16 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Anke Putschew
- Chair of Water Quality Engineering , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gabriel Singer
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
| | - Joerg Lewandowski
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Geography Department , Humboldt University Berlin , Rudower Chaussee 16 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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22
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Peter KT, Herzog S, Tian Z, Wu C, McCray JE, Lynch K, Kolodziej EP. Evaluating emerging organic contaminant removal in an engineered hyporheic zone using high resolution mass spectrometry. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:140-152. [PMID: 30508711 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The hyporheic zone (HZ), located at the interface of surface and groundwater, is a natural bioreactor for attenuation of chemical contaminants. Engineered HZs can be incorporated into stream restoration projects to enhance hyporheic exchange, with flowpaths optimized to promote biological habitat, water quantity, and water quality improvements. Designing HZs for in-stream treatment of stormwater, a significant source of flow and contaminant loads to urban creeks, requires assessment of both the hydrology and biogeochemical capacity for water quality improvement. Here, we applied tracer tests and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to characterize an engineered hyporheic zone unit process, called a hyporheic design element (HDE), in the Thornton Creek Watershed in Seattle, WA. Dye, NaCl, and bromide were used to hydrologically link downwelling and upwelling zones and estimate the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of hyporheic flowpaths. We then compared water quality improvements across hydrologically-linked surface and hyporheic flowpaths (3-5 m length; ∼30 min to >3 h) during baseflow and stormflow conditions. We evaluated fate outcomes for 83 identified contaminants during stormflow, including those correlated with an urban runoff mortality syndrome in coho salmon. Non-target HRMS analysis was used to assess holistic water quality improvements and evaluate attenuation mechanisms. The data indicated substantial water quality improvement in hyporheic flowpaths relative to surface flow and improved contaminant removal with longer hyporheic HRT (for ∼1900 non-target compounds detected during stormflow, <17% were attenuated >50% via surface flow vs. 59% and 78% via short and long hyporheic residence times, respectively), and strong contributions of hydrophobic sorption towards observed contaminant attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Peter
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Science, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA; Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA.
| | - Skuyler Herzog
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Science, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA; Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA
| | - Christopher Wu
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Science, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA; Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA
| | - John E McCray
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | | | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Science, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA; Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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23
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van Driezum IH, Derx J, Oudega TJ, Zessner M, Naus FL, Saracevic E, Kirschner AKT, Sommer R, Farnleitner AH, Blaschke AP. Spatiotemporal resolved sampling for the interpretation of micropollutant removal during riverbank filtration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:212-223. [PMID: 30173030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Riverbank filtration (RBF) systems along rivers are widely used as public water supplies. In these systems, many organic micropollutants (OMPs) are attenuated, but some compounds have shown to be rather persistent. Their fate and transport has been studied in RBF sites along lakes and small rivers, but not extensively along large and dynamic rivers. Therefore, the influence of flood events on OMP behavior in these large and dynamic RBF sites was investigated. Monthly samples were taken from surface- and groundwater up to a distance of 900 m from the riverbank of the Danube from March 2014 till May 2016. Two flood events were sampled more extensively nearby the river. Results showed that changes in flow conditions in the river not only caused changes in OMP concentrations, but also in their load. It was seen that the load of benzotriazole, carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole in the river increased with increasing river discharges. After a relatively long, oxic groundwater passage, several OMPs were reduced. In contrast to previous work, we found that benzotriazole was almost fully removed under oxic conditions. When entering the aquifer, benzotriazole concentrations were significantly reduced and at a distance of 550 m from the river, >97% was degraded. Carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole showed relatively persistent behavior in the aquifer. The concentrations measured during flood events were in the same range as seasonal sampling. Furthermore concentrations in the groundwater were higher during these events than in the Danube and can reach further into the aquifer. During flood events some highly degradable compounds (i.e. diclofenac) were found up to a distance of 24 m from the river. These results implied that drinking water utilities with RBF wells in oxic, alluvial aquifers located close to highly dynamic rivers need to consider a potential reduction in groundwater quality during and directly after flood events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge H van Driezum
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technische Universität Wien, E222/2, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Julia Derx
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technische Universität Wien, E222/2, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas J Oudega
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technische Universität Wien, E222/2, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Zessner
- Centre for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Technische Universität Wien, E226/1, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Floris L Naus
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ernis Saracevic
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Technische Universität Wien, E226/1, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K T Kirschner
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Hygiene, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department for Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University for Health Sciences, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Regina Sommer
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Hygiene, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas H Farnleitner
- Department for Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University for Health Sciences, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria; Research Group Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering 166/5/r3, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Paul Blaschke
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technische Universität Wien, E222/2, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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24
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Albergamo V, Blankert B, Cornelissen ER, Hofs B, Knibbe WJ, van der Meer W, de Voogt P. Removal of polar organic micropollutants by pilot-scale reverse osmosis drinking water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 148:535-545. [PMID: 30414537 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The robustness of reverse osmosis (RO) against polar organic micropollutants (MPs) was investigated in pilot-scale drinking water treatment. Experiments were carried in hypoxic conditions to treat a raw anaerobic riverbank filtrate spiked with a mixture of thirty model compounds. The chemicals were selected from scientific literature data based on their relevance for the quality of freshwater systems, RO permeate and drinking water. MPs passage and the influence of permeate flux were evaluated with a typical low-pressure RO membrane and quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. A strong inverse correlation between size and passage of neutral hydrophilic compounds was observed. This correlation was weaker for moderately hydrophobic MPs. Anionic MPs displayed nearly no passage due to electrostatic repulsion with the negatively charged membrane surface, whereas breakthrough of small cationic MPs could be observed. The passage figures observed for the investigated set of MPs ranged from less than 1%-25%. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between physicochemical properties and passage. The effects of permeate flux were more pronounced for small neutral MPs, which displayed a higher passage after a pressure drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Albergamo
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bastiaan Blankert
- Oasen Drinking Water Company, Postbus 122, 2800 AC Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Emile R Cornelissen
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bas Hofs
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Willem-Jan Knibbe
- Oasen Drinking Water Company, Postbus 122, 2800 AC Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Walter van der Meer
- Oasen Drinking Water Company, Postbus 122, 2800 AC Gouda, The Netherlands; Membrane Science and Technology Group, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pim de Voogt
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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25
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Hollender J, Rothardt J, Radny D, Loos M, Epting J, Huggenberger P, Borer P, Singer H. Comprehensive micropollutant screening using LC-HRMS/MS at three riverbank filtration sites to assess natural attenuation and potential implications for human health. WATER RESEARCH X 2018; 1:100007. [PMID: 31194029 PMCID: PMC6549901 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2018.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Riverbank filtration (RBF) is used worldwide to produce high quality drinking water. With river water often contaminated by micropollutants (MPs) from various sources, this study addresses the occurrence and fate of such MPs at three different RBF sites with oxic alluvial sediments and short travel times to the drinking water well down to hours. A broad range of MPs with various physico-chemical properties were analysed with detection limits in the low ng L-1 range using solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem high resolution mass spectrometry. Out of the 526 MPs targeted, a total of 123 different MPs were detected above the limit of quantification at the three different RBF sites. Of the 75-96 MPs detected in each river, 43-59% were attenuated during RBF. The remaining total concentrations of the MPs in the raw drinking water accounted to 0.6-1.6 μgL-1 with only a few compounds exceeding 0.1 μgL-1, an often used threshold value. The attenuation was most pronounced in the first meters of infiltration with a full elimination of 17 compounds at all three sites. However, a mixing with groundwater related to regional groundwater flow complicated the characterisation of natural attenuation potentials along the transects. Additional non-target screening at one site revealed similar trends for further non-target components. Overall, a risk assessment of the target and estimated non-target compound concentrations finally indicated during the sampling period no health risk of the drinking water according to current guidelines. Our results demonstrate that monitoring of contamination sources within a catchment and the affected water quality remains important in such vulnerable systems with partially short residence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Universitätstrasse 16, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Judith Rothardt
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Radny
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Loos
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jannis Epting
- Applied and Environmental Geology, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Huggenberger
- Applied and Environmental Geology, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Borer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Singer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
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26
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Schaper JL, Posselt M, McCallum JL, Banks EW, Hoehne A, Meinikmann K, Shanafield MA, Batelaan O, Lewandowski J. Hyporheic Exchange Controls Fate of Trace Organic Compounds in an Urban Stream. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12285-12294. [PMID: 30293423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
First-order half-lives for 26 trace organic compounds (TrOCs) were determined in the hyporheic zone (HZ) and along a 3 km reach of a first-order stream in South Australia during both dry and wet seasons. Two salt tracer experiments were conducted and evaluated using a transient storage model to characterize seasonal differences in stream residence time and transient storage. Lagrangian and time-integrated surface water sampling were conducted to calculate half-lives in the surface water. Half-lives in the HZ were calculated using porewater samples obtained from a modified mini-point sampler and hyporheic residence times measured via active heat-pulse sensing. Half of the investigated TrOCs (e.g., oxazepam, olmesartan, candesartan) were not significantly removed along both the investigated river stretch and the sampled hyporheic flow paths. The remaining TrOCs (e.g., metformin, guanylurea, valsartan) were found to be significantly removed in the HZ and along the river stretch with relative removals in the HZ correlating to reach-scale relative removals. Using the modeled transport parameters, it was estimated that wet season reach-scale removal of TrOCs was predominately caused by removal in the HZ when the intensity of hyporheic exchange was also higher. Factors that increase HZ exchange are thus likely to promote in-stream reactivity of TrOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Schaper
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Technical University of Berlin , Chair of Water Quality Engineering , Strasse des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Malte Posselt
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) , Stockholm University , Stockholm 114 18 , Sweden
| | - James L McCallum
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, College of Science and Engineering , Flinders University , GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001 , South Australia , Australia
| | - Eddie W Banks
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, College of Science and Engineering , Flinders University , GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001 , South Australia , Australia
| | - Anja Hoehne
- Technical University of Berlin , Chair of Water Quality Engineering , Strasse des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Karin Meinikmann
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
| | - Margaret A Shanafield
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, College of Science and Engineering , Flinders University , GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001 , South Australia , Australia
| | - Okke Batelaan
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, College of Science and Engineering , Flinders University , GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001 , South Australia , Australia
| | - Joerg Lewandowski
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Humboldt University Berlin , Geography Department , Rudower Chaussee 16 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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27
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Park S, Lee W. Removal of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products in reclaimed water during simulated managed aquifer recharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:671-677. [PMID: 29870943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the removal of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in a simulated managed aquifer recharge (MAR) system. The PPCPs included antibiotic, antiepileptic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antilipidemic drugs, contrast media, herbicides, and stimulants. We first monitored the occurrence and fate of 22 PPCPs at a water reclamation facility (WRF) in Korea, and found carbamazepine and primidone were not readily removed (below 25% removal in average) by the WRF. This reclaimed water passed through a laboratory-scale soil column set-up at 0.5 m/d over one year, simulating MAR system. Atenolol, propranolol, and trimethoprim exhibited higher removal rates (>80%) than other PPCPs through the simulated MAR, while atrazine, carbamazepine, lincomycin, primidone, and sulfamethazine were not readily removed, exhibiting removal rates below 20%. It can be efficient to monitor and manage these recalcitrant compounds at MAR systems to improve water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyung Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea
| | - Wontae Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea.
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28
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Schaper JL, Seher W, Nützmann G, Putschew A, Jekel M, Lewandowski J. The fate of polar trace organic compounds in the hyporheic zone. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 140:158-166. [PMID: 29705619 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The hyporheic zone (HZ) is often considered to efficiently remove polar trace organic compounds (TrOCs) from lotic systems, mitigating potential adverse effects of TrOCs on ecosystem functioning and drinking water production. Predicting the fate of TrOCs in the hyporheic zone (HZ) is difficult as the in-situ removal rate constants are not known and the biogeochemical factors as well as hydrological conditions controlling the removal efficiency are not fully understood. To determine the in-situ removal efficiency of the HZ for a variety of TrOCs as a function of the biogeochemical milieu, we conducted a field study in an urban river near Berlin, Germany. Subsurface flow was studied by time series of temperature depth profiles and the biogeochemical milieu of the HZ by concentration depth profiles. These results, in conjunction with a 1D advection-dispersion transport model, were used to calculate first-order removal rate constants of several polar TrOCs in the HZ. For the majority of TrOCs investigated, removal rate constants were strongly dependent on redox conditions, with significantly higher removal rates observed under predominantly suboxic (i.e. denitrifying) compared to anoxic (i.e. Fe and Mn reducing) conditions. Compared to previous studies on the fate of TrOCs in saturated sediments, half-lives within oxic/suboxic sections of the HZ were relatively low, attributable to the site-specific characteristics of the HZ in a stream dominated by wastewater treatment plant effluent. For nine out of thirteen investigated TrOCs, concentrations decreased significantly in the HZ with relative removal percentages ranging from 32% for primidone to 77% for gabapentin. For many TrOCs, removal efficiency decreased drastically as redox conditions became anoxic. For the majority of compounds investigated here, the HZ indeed acts as an efficient bioreactor that is capable of removing TrOCs along relatively short flow paths. Depending on the TrOC, removal capacity may be enhanced by either increasing the magnitude of groundwater-surface exchange fluxes, by increasing the total residence time in the HZ or the exposure time to suboxic zones, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Schaper
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department Ecohydrology, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Technical University of Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Seher
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department Ecohydrology, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Nützmann
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department Ecohydrology, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt University Berlin, Geography Department, Rudower Chaussee 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Putschew
- Technical University of Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Jekel
- Technical University of Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Lewandowski
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department Ecohydrology, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt University Berlin, Geography Department, Rudower Chaussee 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Sathyamoorthy S, Hoar C, Chandran K. Identification of Bisphenol A-Assimilating Microorganisms in Mixed Microbial Communities Using 13C-DNA Stable Isotope Probing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9128-9135. [PMID: 30040394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of trace organic contaminants (TOrCs), including the endocrine-disrupting compound bisphenol A (BPA), are subject to microbial transformations during biological wastewater treatment. However, relatively little is known about the identity of organisms capable of assimilating emerging contaminants. Here, 13C-DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) was used to investigate biodegradation and assimilation of BPA by mixed microbial communities collected from two full-scale wastewater treatment plant bioreactors in New York City and subsequently enriched under two BPA exposure conditions. The four enrichment modes (two reactors with two initial BPA concentrations) resulted in four distinct communities with different BPA degradation rates. On the basis of DNA-SIP, bacteria related to Sphingobium spp. were dominant in the assimilation of BPA or its metabolites. Variovorax spp. and Pusillimonas spp. also assimilated BPA or its metabolites. Our results highlight that microbial communities originating from wastewater treatment facilities harbor the potential for addressing not only human-derived carbon but also BPA, a complex anthropogenic TOrC. While previous studies focus on microbial biodegradation of BPA, this study uniquely determines the "active" fraction of microorganisms engaged in assimilation of BPA-derived carbon. Ultimately, information on both biodegradation and assimilation can facilitate better design and operation of engineered treatment processes to achieve BPA removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sathyamoorthy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering , Columbia University , Room 1045, Mudd Hall, 500 West 120th Street , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Catherine Hoar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering , Columbia University , Room 1045, Mudd Hall, 500 West 120th Street , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering , Columbia University , Room 1045, Mudd Hall, 500 West 120th Street , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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30
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van Driezum IH, Chik AHS, Jakwerth S, Lindner G, Farnleitner AH, Sommer R, Blaschke AP, Kirschner AKT. Spatiotemporal analysis of bacterial biomass and activity to understand surface and groundwater interactions in a highly dynamic riverbank filtration system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:450-461. [PMID: 29426167 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of surface water - groundwater interaction in riverbank filtration (RBF) systems is of decisive importance to drinking water utilities due to the increasing microbial and chemical contamination of surface waters. These interactions are commonly assessed by monitoring changes in chemical water quality, but this might not be indicative for microbial contamination. The hydrological dynamics of the infiltrating river can influence these interactions, but seasonal temperature fluctuations and the supply of oxygen and nutrients from the surface water can also play a role. In order to understand the interaction between surface water and groundwater in a highly dynamic RBF system of a large river, bacterial abundance, biomass and carbon production as well as standard chemical parameters were analyzed during a 20 month period under different hydrological conditions. In the investigated RBF system, groundwater table changes exhibited striking dynamics even though flow velocities were rather low under regular discharge conditions. Bacterial abundance, biomass, and bacterial carbon production decreased significantly from the river towards the drinking water abstraction well. The cell size distribution changed from a higher proportion of large cells in the river, towards a higher proportion of small cells in the groundwater. Although biomass and bacterial abundance were correlated to water temperatures and several other chemical parameters in the river, such correlations were not present in the groundwater. In contrast, the dynamics of the bacterial groundwater community was predominantly governed by the hydrogeological dynamics. Especially during flood events, large riverine bacteria infiltrated further into the aquifer compared to average discharge conditions. With such information at hand, drinking water utilities are able to improve their water abstraction strategies and react quicker to changing hydrological conditions in the RBF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge H van Driezum
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technische Universität Wien, E222/2, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alex H S Chik
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Stefan Jakwerth
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Hygiene, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Lindner
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technische Universität Wien, E222/2, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Hygiene, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas H Farnleitner
- Centre for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Research Group Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Institute for Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, 166/5/3, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Department for Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University for Health Sciences, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria.
| | - Regina Sommer
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Hygiene, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alfred Paul Blaschke
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technische Universität Wien, E222/2, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexander K T Kirschner
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Hygiene, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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31
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Epting J, Huggenberger P, Radny D, Hammes F, Hollender J, Page RM, Weber S, Bänninger D, Auckenthaler A. Spatiotemporal scales of river-groundwater interaction - The role of local interaction processes and regional groundwater regimes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:1224-1243. [PMID: 29111243 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water production in the vicinity of rivers not only requires the consideration of different spatiotemporal scales and settings of river-groundwater interaction processes, but also of local and regional scale groundwater regimes. Selected case studies in combination with field-experiments and the setup of high-resolution groundwater flow models enabled the investigation of the spatiotemporal development of microbial (classical fecal indicator bacteria and total cell counts) and selected organic micropollutants in riverine and regional groundwater for different hydrological settings, including low and high flow conditions. Proxy indicators suitable as surrogates for the diverse contaminations in alluvial aquifers with different settings could be identified. Based on the study results, the basic elements for both groundwater management and river restoration concepts are derived, which include the: (1) compilation and evaluation of the "current state" concerning hydrogeology, microbiology and contamination by organic micropollutants, (2) definition of field-experiments to qualitatively assess variability related to the "current state", and (3) quantitative assessment of groundwater regimes, including variability of groundwater components and inflow areas, by application of high-resolution groundwater flow models. The validity and transferability of the concept and inferred controls (specifically drivers and controls of river-groundwater interaction) are tested by evaluations derived from hydraulic relationships to river sections with comparable settings and regional groundwater flow regimes in general. The results of our investigations illustrate the influence of dynamic hydrologic boundary conditions on river-groundwater interaction and of regional scale groundwater flow regimes on the water composition of riverine groundwater systems. It is demonstrated how to identify river sections and their variations with intensified river-groundwater exchange processes and how to quantify the transient character of the different groundwater components that constitute the raw water quality of drinking water wells near rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Epting
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Applied and Environmental Geology, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Huggenberger
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Applied and Environmental Geology, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Dirk Radny
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water (Research Group Hydrogeology), Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Frederik Hammes
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | | | - Stefanie Weber
- Office for Food Safety and Veterinary Affairs, Canton Basel-Landschaft, Liestal, Switzerland.
| | - Dominik Bänninger
- Department of Environmental Protection and Energy, Canton Basel-Landschaft, Rheinstrasse 29, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland.
| | - Adrian Auckenthaler
- Department of Environmental Protection and Energy, Canton Basel-Landschaft, Rheinstrasse 29, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland.
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32
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Li Z, Undeman E, Papa E, McLachlan MS. High-throughput evaluation of organic contaminant removal efficiency in a wastewater treatment plant using direct injection UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:561-571. [PMID: 29479595 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00552k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The removal efficiency (RE) of organic contaminants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a major determinant of the environmental impact of these contaminants. However, RE data are available for only a few chemicals due to the time and cost required for conventional target analysis. In the present study, we applied non-target screening analysis to evaluate the RE of polar contaminants, by analyzing influent and effluent samples from a Swedish WWTP with direct injection UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS. Matrix effects were evaluated by spiking the samples with isotope-labeled standards of 40 polar contaminants. For 85% of the compounds, the matrix effects in the influent and effluent were not significantly different. Approximately 10 000 compounds were detected in the wastewater, of which 319 were identified by using the online database mzCloud. Level 1 identification confidence was achieved for 31 compounds for which we had reference standards, and level 2 was achieved for the remainder. RE was calculated from the ratio of the peak areas in the influent and the effluent from the non-target analysis. Good agreement was found with RE determined from the target analysis of the target compounds. The method generated reliable estimates of RE for large numbers of contaminants with comparatively low effort and is foreseen to be particularly useful in applications where information on a large number of chemicals is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Emma Undeman
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ester Papa
- QSAR Research Unit in Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Michael S McLachlan
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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33
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Greskowiak J, Hamann E, Burke V, Massmann G. The uncertainty of biodegradation rate constants of emerging organic compounds in soil and groundwater - A compilation of literature values for 82 substances. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 126:122-133. [PMID: 28938146 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports on biodegradation rate constants of emerging organic compounds (EOCs) in soil and groundwater available in the literature. The major aim of this compilation was to provide an assessment of the uncertainty of hydrological models with respect to the fate of EOCs. The literature search identified a total number of 82 EOCs for which 1st-order rate constants could be derived. It was found that for the majority of compounds degradation rate constants vary over more than three orders of magnitude. Correlation to factors that are well known to affect the degradation rate, such as temperature or redox condition was weak. No correlation at all was found with results from available quantitative structure-activity relationship models. This suggests that many unknown site specific or experimentally specific factors influence the degradation behavior of EOCs in the environment. Thus, local and catchment scale predictive models to estimate EOC concentration at receptors, e.g., receiving waters or drinking water wells, need to consider the large uncertainty in 1st-order rate constants. As a consequence, applying rate constants that were derived from one experiment or field site investigation to other experiments or field sites should be done with extreme caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Greskowiak
- Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Enrico Hamann
- Geodienste GmbH, Leinestr. 33, D-30827 Garbsen, Germany
| | - Victoria Burke
- Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Massmann
- Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany
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34
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Völker J, Vogt T, Castronovo S, Wick A, Ternes TA, Joss A, Oehlmann J, Wagner M. Extended anaerobic conditions in the biological wastewater treatment: Higher reduction of toxicity compared to target organic micropollutants. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 116:220-230. [PMID: 28340420 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extended anaerobic conditions during biological wastewater treatment may enhance the biodegradation of micropollutants. To explore this, we combined iron-reducing or substrate-limited anaerobic conditions and aerobic pilot-scale reactors directly at a wastewater treatment plant. To investigate the detoxification by these processes, we applied two in vitro bioassays for baseline toxicity (Microtox) and reactive toxicity (AREc32) as well as in vivo bioassays with aquatic model species in two laboratory experiments (Desmodesmus subspicatus, Daphnia magna) and two on-site, flow-through experiments (Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Lumbriculus variegatus). Moreover, we analyzed 31 commonly occurring micropollutants and 10 metabolites. The baseline toxicity of raw wastewater was effectively removed in full-scale and reactor scale activated sludge treatment (>85%), while the oxidative stress response was only partially removed (>61%). A combination of an anaerobic pre-treatment under iron reducing conditions and an aerobic nitrification significantly further reduced the residual in vitro toxicities by 46-60% and outperformed the second combination consisting of an aerobic pre-treatment and an anaerobic post-treatment under substrate-limiting conditions (27-43%). Exposure to effluents of the activated sludge treatment did not induce adverse in vivo effects in aquatic invertebrates. Accordingly, no further improvement in water quality could be observed. Compared to that, the removal of persistent micropollutants was increased. However, this observation was restricted to a limited number of compounds and the removal of the sum concentration of all target micropollutants was relative low (14-17%). In conclusion, combinations of strictly anaerobic and aerobic processes significantly enhanced the removal of specific and non-specific in vitro toxicities. Thus, an optimization of biological wastewater treatment can lead to a substantially improved detoxification. These otherwise hidden capacities of a treatment technology can only be uncovered by a complementary biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Völker
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Tobias Vogt
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandro Castronovo
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Arne Wick
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Adriano Joss
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstr. 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
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35
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Elsner M, Imfeld G. Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of micropollutants in the environment - current developments and future challenges. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 41:60-72. [PMID: 27340797 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the occurrence of micropollutants in the environment has become a worldwide issue of increasing concern. Compound-specific stable-isotope analysis (CSIA) of natural isotopic abundance may greatly enhance the evaluation of sources and transformation processes of micropollutants, such as pesticides, personal care products or pharmaceuticals. We summarize recent advances from laboratory studies, review current limitations and analytical challenges associated with low concentrations and high polarity of micropollutants, and delineate the potential of micropolluant CSIA for field applications. We highlight future challenges and prospects regarding source apportionment, identification of biotic and abiotic transformation reactions on a mechanistic level, as well as integrative evaluation of degradation hot spots on the catchment scale. Such advances may feed into a framework for risk assessment of micropollutants that includes CSIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), UMR 7517, Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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36
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Li Z, Sobek A, Radke M. Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Their Transformation Products in Four Small European Rivers Receiving Treated Wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5614-21. [PMID: 27152425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b06327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A considerable knowledge gap exists with respect to the fate and environmental relevance of transformation products (TPs) of polar organic micropollutants in surface water. To narrow this gap we investigated the fate of 20 parent compounds (PCs) and 11 characteristic TPs in four wastewater-impacted rivers. Samples were obtained from time-integrated active sampling as well as passive sampling using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). Seventeen out of the 20 PCs were detected in at least one of the rivers. All the PCs except acesulfame, carbamazepine, and fluconazole were attenuated along the studied river stretches, with the largest decrease found in the smallest river which had an intense surface water-pore water exchange. Seven TPs were detected, all of which were already present directly downstream of the WWTP outfall, suggesting that the WWTPs were a major source of TPs to the recipients. For anionic compounds, attenuation was the highest in the two rivers with the lowest discharge, while the pattern was not as clear for neutral or cationic compounds. For most compounds the results obtained from active sampling were not significantly different from those using POCIS, demonstrating that the cost and labor efficient POCIS is suitable to determine the attenuation of organic micropollutants in rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University , 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sobek
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University , 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Radke
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University , 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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LeFevre GH, Müller CE, Li RJ, Luthy RG, Sattely ES. Rapid Phytotransformation of Benzotriazole Generates Synthetic Tryptophan and Auxin Analogs in Arabidopsis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10959-10968. [PMID: 26301449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazoles (BTs) are xenobiotic contaminants widely distributed in aquatic environments and of emerging concern due to their polarity, recalcitrance, and common use. During some water reclamation activities, such as stormwater bioretention or crop irrigation with recycled water, BTs come in contact with vegetation, presenting a potential exposure route to consumers. We discovered that BT in hydroponic systems was rapidly (approximately 1-log per day) assimilated by Arabidopsis plants and metabolized to novel BT metabolites structurally resembling tryptophan and auxin plant hormones; <1% remained as parent compound. Using LC-QTOF-MS untargeted metabolomics, we identified two major types of BT transformation products: glycosylation and incorporation into the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. BT amino acid metabolites are structurally analogous to tryptophan and the storage forms of auxin plant hormones. Critical intermediates were synthesized (authenticated by (1)H/(13)C NMR) for product verification. In a multiple-exposure temporal mass balance, three major metabolites accounted for >60% of BT. Glycosylated BT was excreted by the plants into the hydroponic medium, a phenomenon not observed previously. The observed amino acid metabolites are likely formed when tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes substitute synthetic BT for native indolic molecules, generating potential phytohormone mimics. These results suggest that BT metabolism by plants could mask the presence of BT contamination in the environment. Furthermore, BT-derived metabolites are structurally related to plant auxin hormones and should be evaluated for undesirable biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory H LeFevre
- ReNUWIt Engineering Research Center, ‡Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Claudia E Müller
- ReNUWIt Engineering Research Center, ‡Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Russell Jingxian Li
- ReNUWIt Engineering Research Center, ‡Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Richard G Luthy
- ReNUWIt Engineering Research Center, ‡Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Sattely
- ReNUWIt Engineering Research Center, ‡Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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38
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Schaffer M, Kröger KF, Nödler K, Ayora C, Carrera J, Hernández M, Licha T. Influence of a compost layer on the attenuation of 28 selected organic micropollutants under realistic soil aquifer treatment conditions: insights from a large scale column experiment. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 74:110-121. [PMID: 25723339 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil aquifer treatment is widely applied to improve the quality of treated wastewater in its reuse as alternative source of water. To gain a deeper understanding of the fate of thereby introduced organic micropollutants, the attenuation of 28 compounds was investigated in column experiments using two large scale column systems in duplicate. The influence of increasing proportions of solid organic matter (0.04% vs. 0.17%) and decreasing redox potentials (denitrification vs. iron reduction) was studied by introducing a layer of compost. Secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant was used as water matrix for simulating soil aquifer treatment. For neutral and anionic compounds, sorption generally increases with the compound hydrophobicity and the solid organic matter in the column system. Organic cations showed the highest attenuation. Among them, breakthroughs were only registered for the cationic beta-blockers atenolol and metoprolol. An enhanced degradation in the columns with organic infiltration layer was observed for the majority of the compounds, suggesting an improved degradation for higher levels of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon. Solely the degradation of sulfamethoxazole could clearly be attributed to redox effects (when reaching iron reducing conditions). The study provides valuable insights into the attenuation potential for a wide spectrum of organic micropollutants under realistic soil aquifer treatment conditions. Furthermore, the introduction of the compost layer generally showed positive effects on the removal of compounds preferentially degraded under reducing conditions and also increases the residence times in the soil aquifer treatment system via sorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Schaffer
- Geoscience Center, Dept. Applied Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Kerrin Franziska Kröger
- Geoscience Center, Dept. Applied Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Nödler
- Geoscience Center, Dept. Applied Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carlos Ayora
- GHS Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Carrera
- GHS Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- CETaqua, Water Technology Center, Carretera d'Esplugues 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tobias Licha
- Geoscience Center, Dept. Applied Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Hillebrand O, Nödler K, Sauter M, Licha T. Multitracer experiment to evaluate the attenuation of selected organic micropollutants in a karst aquifer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 506-507:338-343. [PMID: 25460968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The increasing pressure on drinking water resources necessitates an efficient management of potential and actual drinking water resources. Karst aquifers play a key role in the supply of the world's population with drinking water. Around one quarter of all drinking water is produced from these types of aquifers. Unfortunately due to the aquifer characteristics with extremely high hydraulic conductivities and short residence times, these systems are vulnerable to contamination. For successful management, a fundamental understanding of mass transport and attenuation processes with respect to potential contaminants is vital. In this study, a multitracer experiment was performed in a karst aquifer in SW-Germany for determining the attenuation capacity of a karst environment by assessing the environmental fate of selected relevant micropollutants. Uranine, acesulfame and carbamazepine were injected into a sinkhole as reference tracers together with the reactive compounds atenolol, caffeine, cyclamate, ibuprofen and paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen). The breakthrough of the tracers was monitored at a karst spring at a distance of ca. 3 km. The breakthrough curves of the reactive compounds were interpreted relative to the reference substances. No significant retardation was found for any of the investigated micropollutants. The determined half-lives of the reactive compounds range from 38 to 1,400 h (i.e. persistent within the investigation period) in the following order (from high to no observed attenuation): paracetamol>atenolol≈ibuprofen>caffeine≫cyclamate. The attenuation rates are generally in agreement with studies from other environmental compartments. The occurrence of the biotransformation product atenolol acid served as evidence for in-situ biodegradation within the aquifer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav Hillebrand
- Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Karsten Nödler
- Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Sauter
- Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Licha
- Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Postigo C, Barceló D. Synthetic organic compounds and their transformation products in groundwater: occurrence, fate and mitigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 503-504:32-47. [PMID: 24974362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater constitutes the main source of public drinking water supply in many regions. Thus, the contamination of groundwater resources by organic chemicals is a matter of growing concern because of its potential effects on public health. The present manuscript compiles the most recent works related to the study of synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) in groundwater, with special focus on the occurrence of contaminants not or barely covered by previously published reviews, e.g., pesticide and pharmaceutical transformation products, lifestyle products, and industrial chemicals such as corrosion inhibitors, brominated and organophosphate flame retardants, plasticizers, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Moreover, the main challenges in managed aquifer recharge, i.e., reclaimed water injection and infiltration, and riverbank filtration, regarding natural attenuation of organic micropollutants are discussed, and insights into the future chemical quality of groundwater are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Postigo
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H2O, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Kahrilas GA, Blotevogel J, Stewart PS, Borch T. Biocides in hydraulic fracturing fluids: a critical review of their usage, mobility, degradation, and toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:16-32. [PMID: 25427278 DOI: 10.1021/es503724k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biocides are critical components of hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") fluids used for unconventional shale gas development. Bacteria may cause bioclogging and inhibit gas extraction, produce toxic hydrogen sulfide, and induce corrosion leading to downhole equipment failure. The use of biocides such as glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compounds has spurred a public concern and debate among regulators regarding the impact of inadvertent releases into the environment on ecosystem and human health. This work provides a critical review of the potential fate and toxicity of biocides used in hydraulic fracturing operations. We identified the following physicochemical and toxicological aspects as well as knowledge gaps that should be considered when selecting biocides: (1) uncharged species will dominate in the aqueous phase and be subject to degradation and transport whereas charged species will sorb to soils and be less bioavailable; (2) many biocides are short-lived or degradable through abiotic and biotic processes, but some may transform into more toxic or persistent compounds; (3) understanding of biocides' fate under downhole conditions (high pressure, temperature, and salt and organic matter concentrations) is limited; (4) several biocidal alternatives exist, but high cost, high energy demands, and/or formation of disinfection byproducts limits their use. This review may serve as a guide for environmental risk assessment and identification of microbial control strategies to help develop a sustainable path for managing hydraulic fracturing fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve A Kahrilas
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , 1872 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Rudolf von Rohr M, Hering JG, Kohler HPE, von Gunten U. Column studies to assess the effects of climate variables on redox processes during riverbank filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 61:263-275. [PMID: 24934267 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Riverbank filtration is an established technique used world-wide to produce clean drinking water in a reliable and cost-efficient way. This practice is, however, facing new challenges posed by climate change, as already observed during past heat waves with the local occurrence of anoxic conditions. In this study we investigated the effect of direct (temperature) and indirect (dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration and composition, flow rate) climate change variables on redox processes (aerobic respiration, denitrification and Mn(III/IV)/Fe(III) reduction) by means of column experiments. Natural river water, modified river water and river water mixed with treated wastewater effluent were used as feed waters for the columns filled with natural sand from a river-infiltration system in Switzerland. Biodegradable dissolved organic matter was mainly removed immediately at the column inlet and particulate organic matter (POM) associated with the natural sand was the main electron donor for aerobic respiration throughout the column. Low infiltration rates (≤0.01 m/h) enhanced the oxygen consumption leading to anoxic conditions. DOM consumption did not seem to be sensitive to temperature, although oxygen consumption (i.e., associated with POM degradation) showed a strong temperature dependence with an activation energy of ∼70 kJmol(-1). Anoxic conditions developed at 30 °C with partial denitrification and formation of nitrite and ammonium. In absence of oxygen and nitrate, Mn(II) was mobilized at 20 °C, highlighting the importance of nitrate acting as a redox buffer under anoxic conditions preventing the reductive dissolution of Mn(III/IV)(hydr)oxides. Reductive dissolution of Fe(III)(hydr)oxides was not observed under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rudolf von Rohr
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Water Resources & Drinking Water, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Janet G Hering
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Water Resources & Drinking Water, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter E Kohler
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Water Resources & Drinking Water, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Water Resources & Drinking Water, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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