1
|
Wen Y, Zhao S, Yu Z, Gong W, Lu S, Li H, Wang J. Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer for the specific adsorption and selective extraction of alkylresorcinols from whole wheat flour. Food Chem 2024; 454:139815. [PMID: 38820642 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols are important biomarkers for evaluating whole wheat foods. However, their structures encompass a broad spectrum of homologs, making isolating and analyzing individual alkylresorcinol notably challenging. Herein, we synthesized highly selective molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) utilizing a facile and cost-effective precipitation polymerization method and 5-heneicosylresorcinol (ARC21:0) as the template molecule. Various crucial preparation parameters were systematically optimized, such as different porogens, functional monomers, imprinting ratios, and polymerization time. The polymers were characterized through scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their adsorption performances were thoroughly evaluated. MIPs exhibited a notably enhanced adsorption capacity compared with that of non-imprinted polymers, reaching an optimal adsorption amount of 71.75 mg·mL-1 and imprinting factor of 2.02. Altogether, the synthesized MIPs showed superior affinity and selectivity for ARC21:0, as confirmed by their selective extraction, suggesting their potential applications in the analysis, separation, and monitoring of ARC21:0 in whole wheat foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shichao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhenjia Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shiyi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Doliente JE, Langer S, Dickinson MR, Cubas M, Colonese AC, Penkman K, Craig OE. Alkylresorcinol detection and identification in archaeological pottery using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/Orbitrap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9771. [PMID: 38778666 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alkylresorcinols (AR) are cereal-specific biomarkers and have recently been found in archaeological pots. However, their low concentrations and high susceptibility to degradation make them difficult to detect using conventional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Here we describe the development of a more sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method to detect these compounds. METHOD A method based on the use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to an Orbitrap mass analyser was established and validated for the detection of low-concentration ARs in pottery. During the preliminary experiments, UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap MS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/Orbitrap mass spectrometry) was demonstrated to be more sensitive, and a wide range of AR homologues in cereal extracts were detected, unlike UHPLC-QTOFMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry) and GC/MS. The developed method was utilised to profile AR homologue distribution in modern cereal samples and reanalyse AR-containing pots from the archaeological site of Must Farm. RESULTS A highly sensitive LC/MS method with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 μg/g and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.06 μg/g was used to profile ARs in five modern cereal grains. The obtained LOD is 250 times lower than that obtained using the conventional GC/MS approach. AR 21:0 was the most abundant homologue in all four Triticum spp.-einkorn, emmer, Khorasan wheat and common wheat. Meanwhile, AR 25:0 was the predominant homologue in barley, potentially enabling differentiation between wheat and barley. The developed LC/MS-based method was successfully used to analyse ARs extracted from Must Farm potsherds and identified the cereal species most likely processed in the pots-emmer wheat. CONCLUSION The described method offers an alternative and more sensitive approach for detecting and identifying ARs in ancient pottery. It has been successfully utilised to detect AR homologues in archaeological samples and discriminate which cereal species-wheat and barley-were processed in the pots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonica Ella Doliente
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Prehistory, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Swen Langer
- Department of Biology, Bioscience Technology Facility, University of York, York, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Miriam Cubas
- Department of History and Philosophy, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - André C Colonese
- Department of Prehistory, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Oliver E Craig
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun Z, Shao Y, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Ye S, Liu M, Lv Y, Xie S, Cao H, Zhang Z, Yang W. Urinary alkylresorcinol metabolites, biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake, are beneficially associated with liver fat and other fat measures. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 39056149 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01248h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Aims: Epidemiological studies that use dietary biomarkers to investigate the association between whole grain intake and the risk of obesity are sparse. We assessed the association between urinary alkylresorcinol metabolites including 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA) and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake, and body fat measures. Methods: We measured urinary excretion of DHPPA and DHBA, body weight, height, and circumferences of the waist and hip at the baseline and again after 1-year in a representative sample of 306 community-dwelling adults in Huoshan, China. We also measured liver fat accumulation [indicated by the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)] and other body composition after 1 year. Multivariate-adjusted linear models and linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze single measurement and repeated measurements, respectively. Results: Each 1 μg g-1 creatinine increase in urinary DHPPA levels was associated with 0.21%, 0.23%, 3.64%, and 4.80% decrease in body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM) and visceral fat level (VFL), respectively (all P < 0.05). Higher DHBA levels were inversely associated with CAP (percentage difference per 1 μg g-1 creatinine increment: -1.98%, P < 0.05). Higher total urinary alkylresorcinol metabolite (DHPPA + DHBA) levels were associated with lower body weight, BMI, BFM, VFL, and CAP, with the percentage differences per 1 μg g-1 creatinine increment of -0.27%, -0.27%, -3.79%, -5.12%, and -2.24%, respectively (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the intake of whole grain wheat and rye, reflected by urinary DHPPA and DHBA, is favorably associated with liver fat and other fat measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zisuo Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ;+86-551-65165037
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yaling Shao
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ;+86-551-65165037
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Physical Examination Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ;+86-551-65165037
| | - Shu Ye
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ;+86-551-65165037
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ;+86-551-65165037
| | - Yaning Lv
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shaoyu Xie
- Department of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Hongjun Cao
- Department of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ;+86-551-65165037
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ;+86-551-65165037
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhi L, Gong X, Zhang H, Liu J, Cao S, Zhang Y, Yan J, Tian W, He Z. Identification of QTL for Alkylresorcinols in Wheat and Development of KASP Markers for Marker-Assisted Selection of Health-Promoting Varieties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39052860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated alkylresorcinol concentration (ARC) in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross of Zhongmai 578 and Jimai 22 in three environments. ARC exhibited a continuous distribution ranging from 337.4 to 758.0, 495.4-768.0, and 456.3-764.7 μg/g, respectively, in three environments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant (P < 0.001) impacts of genotypes, environments, and their interactions. The broad-sense heritability of ARC was 0.76. Genome-wide linkage mapping analysis identified four stable quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ARC on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 4D, and 7A. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker of each QTL was developed and validated in 206 representative wheat varieties. Wheat varieties harboring 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 favorable alleles had ARC of 499.1, 587.8, 644.7, 668.5, and 711.1 μg/g, respectively. This study suggests that combining multiple minor-effect QTL through KASP markers can serve as an effective strategy for breeding high-ARC wheat, thereby enhancing innovations in functional food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xue Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jindong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuanghe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453519, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wenfei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ficco DBM, Petroni K, Mistura L, D'Addezio L. Polyphenols in Cereals: State of the Art of Available Information and Its Potential Use in Epidemiological Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:2155. [PMID: 38999902 PMCID: PMC11243113 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cereals are the basis of much of the world's daily diet. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the beneficial properties of wholegrains due to their content of phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols. Despite this, the existing data on polyphenolic composition of cereal-based foods reported in the most comprehensive databases are still not updated. Many cereal-based foods and phenolic compounds are missing, including pigmented ones. Observational epidemiological studies reporting the intake of polyphenols from cereals are limited and inconsistent, although experimental studies suggest a protective role for dietary polyphenols against cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Estimating polyphenol intake is complex because of the large number of compounds present in foods and the many factors that affect their levels, such as plant variety, harvest season, food processing and cooking, making it difficult matching consumption data with data on food composition. Further, it should be taken into account that food composition tables and consumed foods are categorized in different ways. The present work provides an overview of the available data on polyphenols content reported in several existing databases, in terms of presence, missing and no data, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of methods for assessing cereal polyphenol consumption. Furthermore, this review suggests a greater need for the inclusion of most up-to-date cereal food composition data and for the harmonization of standardized procedures in collecting cereal-based food data and adequate assessment tools for dietary intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Bianca Maria Ficco
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA)-Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, S.S. 673 m 25200, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Katia Petroni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Mistura
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA)-Centro di Ricerca Alimenti e Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Laura D'Addezio
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA)-Centro di Ricerca Alimenti e Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Frank A, Greve H, Hübner F, Humpf HU. Human Intervention Study: Alkylresorcinol Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers for Grain Intake and the Occurrence of Alkylresorcinols in Commonly Consumed Foods in the German Retail Sector. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23555-23566. [PMID: 38854560 PMCID: PMC11154960 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Grains are one of the primary nutrients and are associated with many health benefits. To reflect the intake of grain-based products, two promising potential biomarkers are alkylresorcinol (AR) metabolites 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (3,5-DHPPA). The aim of this study was to validate the occurrence of AR in food samples and investigate the suitability of their metabolites as potential biomarkers in human intervention studies. In the first step, the AR content in different grain products from the German retail sector was analyzed by GC-MS. ARs were found in higher concentrations in whole grain products and in moderate contents in refined grains and quinoa. Based on these results, human intervention studies were performed in the next step, and the AR metabolites 3,5-DHBA and 3,5-DHPPA were analyzed by LC-MS/MS in urine samples. The intake of only whole grain products leads to an increasing level of both potential biomarkers, while a refined grain diet shows decreasing levels of the AR metabolites. The excretion of 3,5-DHBA after a whole grain-rich diet differs significantly (p = 0.043) from no grain intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Frank
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hanna Greve
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Hübner
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Shabasy RM, Farag MA. Dissecting dietary alkylresorcinols: a compile of their distribution, biosynthesis, extraction and functional properties. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:581-617. [PMID: 37156550 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2193860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are natural bioactive ingredients produced by: bacteria, fungi, sponges, and higher plants, possessing a lipophilic polyphenol structure with a myriad of biological properties. Focusing on the importance of ARs, several analogs can be extracted from different natural resources. Interestingly, the composition of ARs is usually reflective of their source, with structural differences to exist among ARs isolated from different natural sources. The identified compounds from marine are distinguished by sulfur atom and disulfide bond, while the alkyl chain of bacterial homologs are recognized for their saturated fatty acid chains. ARs occurrence in fungi is still poorly documented however most of the isolated fungal molecules are characterized by a sugar unit attached to their alkylated side chains. The biosynthetic pathway of ARs is postulated via a type III polyketide synthase in which the fatty-acyl chain is elongated and cyclized to generate ARs. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) has gained an increasing interest to mediate for ARs biological activities as discussed herein for the first time from their different resources. ARs extraction procedures showed much progress compared to classical methods compiling organic solvents with supercritical extraction appearing as a potential technique for producing highly purified food-grade of AR homologs. The current review also presents on the rapid qualitative and quantitative determination of ARs to increase accessibility for screening cereals as potential sources of these bioactives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rehan M El-Shabasy
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Díaz-Galiano FJ, Murcia-Morales M, Fernández-Alba AR. From sound check to encore: A journey through high-resolution mass spectrometry-based food analyses and metabolomics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13325. [PMID: 38532695 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript presents a comprehensive review of high-resolution mass spectrometry in the field of food analysis and metabolomics. We have followed the historical evolution of metabolomics, its associated techniques and technologies, and its increasing role in food science and research. The review provides a critical comparison and synthesis of tentative identification guidelines proposed for over 15 years, offering a condensed resource for researchers in the field. We have also examined a wide range of recent metabolomics studies, showcasing various methodologies and highlighting key findings as a testimony of the versatility of the field and the possibilities it offers. In doing so, we have also carefully provided a compilation of the software tools that may be employed in this type of studies. The manuscript also explores the prospects of high-resolution mass spectrometry and metabolomics in food science. By covering the history, guidelines, applications, and tools of metabolomics, this review attempts to become a comprehensive guide for researchers in a rapidly evolving field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Díaz-Galiano
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - María Murcia-Morales
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Amadeo Rodríguez Fernández-Alba
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Landberg R, Karra P, Hoobler R, Loftfield E, Huybrechts I, Rattner JI, Noerman S, Claeys L, Neveu V, Vidkjaer NH, Savolainen O, Playdon MC, Scalbert A. Dietary biomarkers-an update on their validity and applicability in epidemiological studies. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad119. [PMID: 37791499 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this literature review was to identify and provide a summary update on the validity and applicability of the most promising dietary biomarkers reflecting the intake of important foods in the Western diet for application in epidemiological studies. Many dietary biomarker candidates, reflecting intake of common foods and their specific constituents, have been discovered from intervention and observational studies in humans, but few have been validated. The literature search was targeted for biomarker candidates previously reported to reflect intakes of specific food groups or components that are of major importance in health and disease. Their validity was evaluated according to 8 predefined validation criteria and adapted to epidemiological studies; we summarized the findings and listed the most promising food intake biomarkers based on the evaluation. Biomarker candidates for alcohol, cereals, coffee, dairy, fats and oils, fruits, legumes, meat, seafood, sugar, tea, and vegetables were identified. Top candidates for all categories are specific to certain foods, have defined parent compounds, and their concentrations are unaffected by nonfood determinants. The correlations of candidate dietary biomarkers with habitual food intake were moderate to strong and their reproducibility over time ranged from low to high. For many biomarker candidates, critical information regarding dose response, correlation with habitual food intake, and reproducibility over time is yet unknown. The nutritional epidemiology field will benefit from the development of novel methods to combine single biomarkers to generate biomarker panels in combination with self-reported data. The most promising dietary biomarker candidates that reflect commonly consumed foods and food components for application in epidemiological studies were identified, and research required for their full validation was summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Prasoona Karra
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rachel Hoobler
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erikka Loftfield
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Jodi I Rattner
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Stefania Noerman
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liesel Claeys
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Lyon, France
| | - Vanessa Neveu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Nanna Hjort Vidkjaer
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mary C Playdon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Targońska-Karasek M, Kwiatek M, Groszyk J, Walczewski J, Kowalczyk M, Pawelec S, Boczkowska M, Rucińska A. Characteristic of the gene candidate SecARS encoding alkylresorcinol synthase in Secale. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8373-8383. [PMID: 37615923 PMCID: PMC10520190 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are compounds belonging to the class of phenolic lipids. A rich source of ARs are cereal grains such as rye, wheat, triticale or barley. ARs found in plants are characterized by a variety of biological properties such as antimicrobial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity. Moreover, they are proven to have a positive influence on human health. Here, we aimed to find and characterize the gene with ARs synthase activity in the species Secale cereale. METHODS AND RESULTS Using BAC library screening, two BAC clones containing the gene candidate were isolated and sequenced. Bioinformatic analyses of the resulting contigs were used to examine the structure and other features of the gene, including promoter, intron, 3'UTR and 5'UTR. Mapping using the FISH procedure located the gene on the 4R chromosome. Comparative analysis showed that the gene is highly similar to sequences coding for type III polyketide synthase. The level of gene expression in various parts of the plant was investigated, and the biochemical function of the gene was confirmed by heterologous expression in yeast. CONCLUSIONS The conducted analyses contributed to a better understanding of the processes related to ARs synthesis. Although the research concerned the rye model, the knowledge gained may help in understanding the genetic basis of ARs biosynthesis in other species of the Poaceae family as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Targońska-Karasek
- Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden-Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Michał Kwiatek
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jolanta Groszyk
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR), National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Jakub Walczewski
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR), National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pawelec
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Maja Boczkowska
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR), National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Anna Rucińska
- Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden-Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin, Warszawa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hammerschick T, Vetter W. Silver ion chromatography enables the separation of 2-methylalkylresorcinols from alkylresorcinols. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300243. [PMID: 37650347 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (∑ARs) is the generic term for a highly varied class of lipids found mainly in cereals. These bioactive compounds consist mainly of 5-alkylresorcinols (ARs), which differ in length, unsaturation, and substituents on the alkyl side chain on C-5. In addition, 2-methyl-5-alkylresorcinols (mARs) are scarcely studied minor compounds that are supposed to exist with the same structural diversity. In the first step, ∑ARs were enriched by solid-phase extraction from wheat grain and quinoa seed extracts. The subsequent application of silver ion chromatography (SIC), silica gel, coated with 20% AgNO3 , then deactivated with 1% water) enabled an unprecedented full separation of saturated mARs from conventional ARs. Specifically, saturated mARs were eluted with n-hexane/ethyl acetate (92:8, v/v), and conventional ARs with n-hexane/ethyl acetate (80:20, v/v). The unpreceded separation indicated that the SIC method could be useful not only for separations according to the degree of unsaturation, but also in the case of steric hindrance by additional (alkyl) substituents. Continued fractionation enabled the collection of unsaturated ARs in wheat and quinoa extracts. In this way, 35 ∑ARs (including five mARs) were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis in wheat and 45 ∑ARs (including 21 mARs) in quinoa. These included several low abundant and partly unknown ∑ARs such as 1,3-dihydroxy-5-tricosadienylbenzene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hammerschick
- Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sztupecki W, Rhazi L, Depeint F, Aussenac T. Functional and Nutritional Characteristics of Natural or Modified Wheat Bran Non-Starch Polysaccharides: A Literature Review. Foods 2023; 12:2693. [PMID: 37509785 PMCID: PMC10379113 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran (WB) consists mainly of different histological cell layers (pericarp, testa, hyaline layer and aleurone). WB contains large quantities of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), including arabinoxylans (AX) and β-glucans. These dietary fibres have long been studied for their health effects on management and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cholesterol, obesity, type-2 diabetes, and cancer. NSP benefits depend on their dose and molecular characteristics, including concentration, viscosity, molecular weight, and linked-polyphenols bioavailability. Given the positive health effects of WB, its incorporation in different food products is steadily increasing. However, the rheological, organoleptic and other problems associated with WB integration are numerous. Biological, physical, chemical and combined methods have been developed to optimise and modify NSP molecular characteristics. Most of these techniques aimed to potentially improve food processing, nutritional and health benefits. In this review, the physicochemical, molecular and functional properties of modified and unmodified WB are highlighted and explored. Up-to-date research findings from the clinical trials on mechanisms that WB have and their effects on health markers are critically reviewed. The review points out the lack of research using WB or purified WB fibre components in randomized, controlled clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thierry Aussenac
- Institut Polytechnique Unilasalle, Université d’Artois, ULR 7519, 60026 Beauvais, France; (W.S.); (L.R.); (F.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hammerschick T, Vetter W. Profiling and Isolation of Ten Rare Branched-Chain Alkylresorcinols in Quinoa. Molecules 2023; 28:5220. [PMID: 37446882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (∑ARs) are bioactive lipid compounds predominantly found in cereals. These amphiphilic compounds exist in a high structural diversity and can be divided into two main groups, i.e., 5-alkylresorcinols (ARs) and 2-methyl-5-alkylresorcinols (mARs). The pseudocereal quinoa has a very unique AR profile, consisting not only of straight-chain alkyl chains but also iso- and anteiso-branched isomers. Here, we describe a method for the isolation of such methyl-branched ARs and mARs from quinoa. The enrichment of the ∑AR fraction from the lipid extracts by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was followed by ∑AR profiling using countercurrent chromatography (CCC) and GC/MS analysis of CCC fractions. A total of 112 ∑ARs could be detected, 63 of which had not been previously described in quinoa. Due to this high number of ∑ARs, the direct isolation of individual ARs was not possible using conventional CCC. Instead, the more powerful heart-cut mode was applied to enrich the target compounds. A final purification step-the separation of CCC-co-eluting mARs from ARs -was performed via silver ion chromatography. Altogether, ten rare branched-chain ∑ARs (five iso-branched mARs and five anteiso-branched ARs, including mAR19:0-i and AR20:0-a) were isolated with purities up to 98% in the double-digit mg range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hammerschick
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wilke V, Kamphues J. Effects of substituting wheat by rye in diets for young fattening pigs on nutrient digestibility, performance, products of intestinal fermentation, and fecal characteristics. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1199505. [PMID: 37456967 PMCID: PMC10349133 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1199505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change and increasing demands to reduce the environmental impact of feed production are major challenges for animal nutritionists. Compared to wheat, which is commonly used in high levels in European piglet diets, rye is more efficient in using limited resources, most importantly, water and phosphorus. As a result, its cultivation has a relatively low carbon footprint. The high amounts of non-starch polysaccharides of rye might lead to an increased intestinal fermentation with potential beneficial effects on gut health. However, the high levels of non-starch polysaccharides in rye, which have a major impact on the physico-chemical conditions of the digesta, might affect digestibility and performance especially in young animals. It was therefore of interest to compare the effects of isoenergetic diets with increasing levels of rye as a replacement for wheat fed to young fattening pigs (bodyweight: 16-40 kg). The control diet contained 69% of wheat, while in the other three experimental diets, the amount of wheat was gradually replaced (by a third in each case) with rye. Thus, the experimental diets contained 23, 46, and 69% of rye. A total of 40 young pigs were housed individually in four dietary treatment groups. During a 4 week trial, effects on performance, digestibility, products of intestinal fermentation, and fecal characteristics were evaluated. There were no negative effects on feed intake and gains, even though the feed conversion ratio increased with the highest dietary rye level (69%). Digestibility rates of organic matter and crude protein did not differ significantly. Without affecting the characteristics of the feces, numerically higher amounts of intestinal fermentation products and higher colonic digesta mass were observed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Vingrys K, Mathai ML, Apostolopoulos V, Bassett JK, de Courten M, Stojanovska L, Millar L, Giles GG, Milne RL, Hodge AM, McAinch AJ. Estimated dietary intake of polyphenols from cereal foods and associated lifestyle and demographic factors in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8556. [PMID: 37237174 PMCID: PMC10220042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal foods are consumed globally and are important sources of polyphenols with potential health benefits, yet dietary intakes are unclear. We aimed to calculate the dietary intakes of polyphenols from cereal foods in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), and describe intakes by demographic and lifestyle factors. We estimated intakes of alkylresorcinols, lignans and phenolic acids in n = 39,892 eligible MCCS participants, using baseline dietary data (1990-1994) from a 121-item FFQ containing 17 cereal foods, matched to a polyphenol database developed from published literature and Phenol-Explorer Database. Intakes were estimated within groups according to lifestyle and demographic factors. The median (25th-75th percentile) intake of total polyphenols from cereal foods was 86.9 mg/day (51.4-155.8). The most consumed compounds were phenolic acids, with a median intake of 67.1 mg (39.5-118.8), followed by alkylresorcinols of 19.7 mg (10.8-34.6). Lignans made the smallest contribution of 0.50 mg (0.13-0.87). Higher polyphenol intakes were associated with higher relative socio-economic advantage and prudent lifestyles, including lower body mass index (BMI), non-smoking and higher physical activity scores. The findings based on polyphenol data specifically matched to the FFQ provide new information on intakes of cereal polyphenols, and how they might vary according to lifestyle and demographic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Vingrys
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
- VU First Year College ®, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
| | - Michael L Mathai
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Julie K Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Maximilian de Courten
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Mitchell Institute for Education and Health Policy, Victoria University, 300 Queen St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Lynne Millar
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison M Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao C, Tong J, Gao Z, Liu J, Hao Y, Xia X, He Z, Zhang Y, Tian W. Genome-wide association study of alkylresorcinols content in 161 wheat cultivars. J Cereal Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2023.103679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|
17
|
Grela ER, Kowalczuk-Vasilev E, Świątkiewicz M, Skiba G. Barley, Triticale, or Rye? The Type of Grain Can Affect the Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Sustainable Raised Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081331. [PMID: 37106894 PMCID: PMC10135029 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of high level of barley, triticale, or rye as base of complete mixtures for growing-finishing pigs on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and fatty acid profile in meat and backfat was investigated. The 100-day experiment involved 72 pigs, assigned into three groups (24 animals each). Pigs of each group were kept in six pens (two gilts and two barrows per pen). Diets offered to pigs differed in the proportion of cereals as the leading ingredients in the mixture formulation: I-barley, II-triticale, III-rye. The results showed diversified grain influence on the production results and meat quality. Triticale- and barley-based diets ensured better weight gain and lower carcass fatness than rye (p ≤ 0.05). The basic nutrients digestibility of mixtures containing triticale was comparable to that containing barley and higher than that of rye (p ≤ 0.05). The meat and backfat of pigs receiving diet with triticale or barley was characterized by more favorable fatty acids profile in respect to the health-promoting indicators (atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes; hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio). The cholesterol level in various tissues was the lowest in pigs fed with rye diet, and their meat characterized by better water holding capacity and more SFA. Higher fat saturation indicate better resistance to oxidation during storage and longer meat shelf life. It seems that the supplementation of triticale to diet may improve the growth efficiency of pigs and the health-promoting value of meat, while the supplementation of rye may be better for the production of traditional or long-matured meat products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugeniusz R Grela
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Świątkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska St. 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Skiba
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka St. 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nardini M. An Overview of Bioactive Phenolic Molecules and Antioxidant Properties of Beer: Emerging Trends. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073221. [PMID: 37049984 PMCID: PMC10096009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Beer is one of the oldest and most common beverages worldwide. The phenolic contents and antioxidant properties of beer are crucial factors in evaluating its nutritional quality. Special beers brewed with the addition of adjuncts are gaining in consumer preference, in response to demands for healthy food and new gustatory and olfactory stimuli. Many studies recently dealt with functional beers brewed with the addition of adjuncts. This review focuses on bioactive molecules, particularly the composition of phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant activity of beer. The current knowledge concerning the effect of the addition of adjuncts in the form of fruit, vegetables, herbs, and natural foods on the polyphenol content, antioxidant properties, and phenolic profile of beer is reviewed, with an outline of the emerging trends in brewing processes. Future studies need to complete the identification and characterization of the bioactive molecules in beer, as well as studying their absorption and metabolic fate in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Nardini
- CREA, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lundy J, Drieu L, Orecchioni P, Meo A, Aniceti V, Fiorentino G, Primavera M, Talbot H, Molinari A, Carver MOH, Craig OE. Cuisine in transition? Organic residue analysis of domestic containers from 9th-14th century Sicily. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221305. [PMID: 36908986 PMCID: PMC9993051 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
From the 9th to 14th centuries AD, Sicily experienced a series of rapid and quite radical changes in political regime, but the impact of these regime changes on the lives of the people that experienced them remains largely elusive within the historical narrative. We use a multi-faceted lipid residue approach to give direct chemical evidence of the use of 248 everyday domestic ceramic containers from Islamic and post-Islamic contexts in western Sicily to aid our understanding of daily habits throughout this period of political change. A range of commodities was successfully identified, including animal fats, vegetable products, fruit products (potentially including wine) and plant resins. The study highlights the complexity of residues in early medieval Mediterranean society as, in many cases, mixtures of commodities were observed reflecting sequential cooking events and/or the complex mixtures reflective of medieval recipes. However, overall, there were no clear changes in the composition of the residues following the imposition of Norman control over the island and through subsequent periods, despite some differences between urban centres and rural sites. Thus, lending to the idea that post-Islamic populations largely flourished and benefited from the agricultural systems, resources and recipes left by their predecessors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Lundy
- Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5ND, UK
| | - Lea Drieu
- Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5ND, UK
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CEPAM, Nice UMR 7264, France
| | - Paola Orecchioni
- Dipartimento di Storia, Patrimonio Culturale, Formazione e Società, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Antonino Meo
- Dipartimento di Storia, Patrimonio Culturale, Formazione e Società, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Veronica Aniceti
- ’Antonino Sallinas’, Regional Archaeological Museum of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, Bergen 5007, Norway
| | - Girolamo Fiorentino
- Laboratory of Archaeobotany and Palaeoecology, Università del Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Milena Primavera
- Laboratory of Archaeobotany and Palaeoecology, Università del Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Helen Talbot
- Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5ND, UK
| | - Alessandra Molinari
- Dipartimento di Storia, Patrimonio Culturale, Formazione e Società, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | | | - Oliver E. Craig
- Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5ND, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Fan M, Qian H, Ying H, Li Y, Wang L. Whole grains-derived functional ingredients against hyperglycemia: targeting hepatic glucose metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7268-7289. [PMID: 36847153 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2183382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by the dysregulation of glucose homeostasis, resulting in hyperglycemia. However, concerns have been raised about the safety and efficacy of current hypoglycemic drugs due to undesirable side effects. Increasing studies have shown that whole grains (WG) consumption is inversely associated with the risk of T2DM and its subsequent complications. Thus, dietary strategies involving functional components from the WG provide an intriguing approach to restoring and maintaining glucose homeostasis. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the major functional components derived from WG and their positive effects on glucose homeostasis, demonstrates the underlying molecular mechanisms targeting hepatic glucose metabolism, and discusses the unclear aspects according to the latest viewpoints and current research. Improved glycemic response and insulin resistance were observed after consumption of WG-derived bioactive ingredients, which are involved in the integrated, multi-factorial, multi-targeted regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism. Promotion of glucose uptake, glycolysis, and glycogen synthesis pathways, while inhibition of gluconeogenesis, contributes to amelioration of abnormal hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin resistance by bioactive components. Hence, the development of WG-based functional food ingredients with potent hypoglycemic properties is necessary to manage insulin resistance and T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key laboratory of nutrition, metabolism and food safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hammann S, Bishop RR, Copper M, Garrow D, Greenwood C, Hewson L, Sheridan A, Sturt F, Whelton HL, Cramp LJE. Neolithic culinary traditions revealed by cereal, milk and meat lipids in pottery from Scottish crannogs. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5045. [PMID: 36068217 PMCID: PMC9448721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal cultivation in Britain dates back to ca. 4000 BCE, probably introduced by migrant farmers from continental Europe. Widespread evidence for livestock appears in the archaeozoological record, also reflected by ubiquitous dairy lipids in pottery organic residues. However, despite archaeobotanical evidence for domesticated plants (such as cereals), organic residue evidence has been near-absent. Our approach, targeting low-abundance cereal-specific markers, has now revealed evidence for cereals (indicating wheat) in Neolithic pottery from Scottish ‘crannogs’, dating to ca. 3600 – 3300 BCE. Their association with dairy products suggests cereals may have been regularly prepared together as a milk-based gruel. We also observed a strong association between the occurrence of dairy products and smaller-mouthed vessels. Here, we demonstrate that cereal-specific markers can survive in cooking pots for millennia, revealing the consumption of specific cereals (wheat) that are virtually absent from the archaeobotanical record for this region and illuminating culinary traditions among early farming communities. Despite archaeobotanical evidence for domesticated cereals, organic residue evidence is scarce. Here, the authors identify cereal-specific markers in pottery from Scottish ‘crannogs’, revealing the presence of cereals in Neolithic pottery which might have been mixed with dairy products as a milk-based gruel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hammann
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol, BS81UU, UK. .,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Rosie R Bishop
- Arkeologisk Museum, Universitetet i Stavanger, Peder Klows gate 31A, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mike Copper
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Duncan Garrow
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Whiteknights Box 227, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK.
| | - Caitlin Greenwood
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol, BS81UU, UK
| | - Lanah Hewson
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Whiteknights Box 227, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK.,Museum of London Archaeology (MOLA) Northampton, 30 Billing Road, Northampton, NN1 5DQ, UK
| | - Alison Sheridan
- c/o Scottish History & Archaeology Department, National Museums Scotland, Chambers St, Edinburgh, EH1 1JF, UK
| | - Fraser Sturt
- Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BF, UK.
| | - Helen L Whelton
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Lucy J E Cramp
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol, BS81UU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Environmental and cultivar variability in composition, content and biological activity of phenolic acids and alkylresorcinols of winter wheat grains from a multi-site field trial across Europe. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
23
|
Both alkyl chain length and V-amylose structure affect the structural and digestive stability of amylose-alkylresorcinols inclusion complexes. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
24
|
The Role of Resorcinolic Lipids of Caryopsis Surface in the Process of Cereal Infection by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium culmorum. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cereal caryopses are rich in 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols, antimicrobial compounds. In this paper, the correlation between the presence of resorcinolic lipids on the surface of cereal grains and the susceptibility of their seedlings to infection by Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium culmorum was evaluated. The declines in length of both the roots and coleoptiles were observed in barley seedlings of Scarlett and Rabel cultivars grown from the wax-impoverished seeds infected with F92 and F93 strains of Rhizoctonia solani, respectively. Regarding wheat, R. solani F93 significantly reduced only the coleoptile growth. Resorcinolic lipids, being the mixture of homologues with C17–C25 carbon chains, were the only compounds washed off wheat caryopses by chloroform. Moreover, the better anti-Rhizoctonia solani F93 activity of 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols of wheat grains than that of rye caryopsis lipids was proven by the poisoned medium technique. Two saturated homologues (C21:0 and C23:0) were the most effective inhibitors of the mycelial growth of this fungus. Thus, the susceptibilities of barley and wheat seedlings to some fungal pathogens have been found to be related to the content and composition of 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols in the waxy layer of cereal grains, confirming the protective role of these compounds, during the early stages of cereal development.
Collapse
|
25
|
Online hyphenation of centrifugal partition chromatography with countercurrent chromatography (CPC-CCC) and its application to the separation of saturated alkylresorcinols. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5043-5051. [PMID: 35639138 PMCID: PMC9234026 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and countercurrent chromatography (CCC) are two preparative techniques mainly used for the isolation and purification of natural products. While CPC benefits from a larger sample capacity, CCC typically provides better peak resolutions and hereby higher purities. In this study, we aimed to combine both advantages by the direct linking of CPC and CCC which was achieved by installation of switching valves and connection tube. The hyphenated CPC-CCC setup was tested with major alkylresorcinols which were obtained from a transesterified and hydrogenated rye extract. Injections of 1- and 5-g samples into the individual CCC system confirmed the limited sample capacity because of immediate flooding with the 5-g sample (total loss of stationary phase). In comparison, the CPC system was stable with 5- and 10-g samples but the peak resolution with 1-g sample was poorer than with the CCC system. Injections of 5- and 10-g samples into the CPC-CCC system were successful. However, a sample load of 10 g resulted in lower purities of the alkylresorcinols (80% or less) due to peak tailing. By contrast, injection of 5-g sample provided high amounts of ~ 1.2 g alkylresorcinols with purities of > 95%.
Collapse
|
26
|
Aslam M, Aparato VPM, Suh DY. (2'-Oxo)alkylresorcinols restore dehydration tolerance in a knockout line of PpORS, a bryophyte-specific type III polyketide synthase in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens. PLANTA 2022; 255:129. [PMID: 35587293 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PpORS-produced 2'-oxo-5-pentacosylresorcinol (2'-oxo-C25-RL) restored dehydration tolerance in ors-3, a knockout mutant of PpORS. Feeding experiments with [14C]-2'-oxo-C25-RL suggested the role of PpORS products in cuticular polymer that confer dehydration resistance. 2'-Oxoalkylresorcinol synthase from the moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens (PpORS) is the earliest diverged member of plant type III polyketide synthases, and produces very-long-chain 2'-oxoalkylresorcinols in vitro. Targeted knockouts of PpORS (ors) exhibited an abnormal phenotype (increased susceptibility to dehydration), and a defective cuticle in ors was suggested (Li et al., Planta 247:527-541, 2018). In the present study, we investigated chemical rescue of the ors phenotype and also metabolic fates of the PpORS products in the moss. Using C24-CoA as substrate, 2'-oxo-5-pentacosylresorcinol (2'-oxo-C25-RL) and two minor pyrones were first enzymatically prepared as total in vitro products. When a knockout mutant (ors-3) and control strains were grown in the presence of the total in vitro products or purified 2'-oxo-C25-RL, the ability of ors-3 and the control to survive dehydration stress increased in a dose-dependent manner. Structurally analogous long-chain alkylresorcinols also rescued the ors phenotype, although less efficiently. When the moss was grown in the presence of 14C-radiolabeled 2'-oxo-C25-RL, 96% of the radioactivity was recovered only after acid hydrolysis. These findings led us to propose that 2'-oxoalkylresorcinols are the functional in planta products of PpORS and are incorporated into cuticular biopolymers that confer resistance to dehydration. In addition, the earliest diverging ORS clade in phylogenetic trees of plant type III PKSs exclusively comprises bryophyte enzymes that share similar active site substitutions with PpORS. Further studies on these bryophyte enzymes may shed light on their roles in early plant evolution and offer a novel strategy for improving dehydration tolerance in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Aslam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Vincent P M Aparato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Dae-Yeon Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Millets and Cereal Meals from the Early Iron Age Underwater Settlement of “Gran Carro” (Bolsena Lake, Central Italy). SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Archeobotanical materials recovered from pottery vessels originating from the underwater archeological site of “Gran Carro”, located in Central Italy on the shore of Bolsena Lake, were analyzed to obtain new insight into the agricultural habits present in this Iron Age settlement. The archeobotanical study of cereal remains was combined with analytical data obtained from an amorphous organic residue using optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, ATR/FT-IR and Py-GC/MS. The cereal remains of emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica) were identified as the preferred crops used for food and/or fodder at the site. The presence of charred millets, which have been directly dated by AMS, confirms consumption at the site and adds to the little-known background of millet use in central Italy. The find of millets in a perilacustrine pile-dwelling during a period when the water level of the Bolsena Lake was several meters lower than at present, attesting to a general dry period, suggests that the cultivation of millets, complementing more productive crops of wheat and barley, may have been favored by the availability of a large seasonally dry coastal plain, characterized by poor and sandy soils unsuitable for more demanding cereals.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sun T, Deng Y, Geng X, Fang Q, Li X, Chen L, Zhan M, Li D, Zhu K, Li H, Liu L. Plasma Alkylresorcinol Metabolite, a Biomarker for Whole-Grain Intake, Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Case-Control Study of Chinese Adults. J Nutr 2022; 152:1052-1058. [PMID: 36967162 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background
Epidemiological studies consistently find associations between whole-grain intake and reduced risk of obesity and related metabolic diseases, yet data on the potential of whole grains to prevent fatty liver diseases are scarce.
Objectives
To examine whether plasma 3-(3, 5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA), a biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Methods
This case-control study of Chinese adults enrolled 940 NAFLD cases and 940 age- and sex-matched non-NAFLD controls (mean age: 55.2 years; 65% males). NAFLD diagnosis was defined as individuals whose hepatic ultrasound disclosed hepatic steatosis at any stage, after the exclusion of alcohol abuse and other liver diseases. Fasting plasma DHPPA concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to assess the association between plasma DHPPA and NAFLD using conditional logistic regression.
Results
Plasma concentration of DHPPA was significantly lower in NAFLD patients compared to controls (median: 9.86 nmol/L vs. 10.9 nmol/L, P = 0.002). In multivariable logistic regression models, the ORs (95% CI) for NAFLD across increasing tertiles of plasma DHPPA were 1 (referent), 0.76 (0.54, 1.05) and 0.65 (0.45, 0.93), respectively (P for trend = 0.026). In addition, the inverse associations persisted in subgroups stratified by sex, age, BMI, abdominal adiposity, smoking status, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.
Conclusions
These results indicate that increased plasma DHPPA concentration is associated with lower risk of NAFLD in Chinese adults, independently of well-known risk factors. Our finding provides evidence to support health benefits of whole-grain consumption on NAFLD. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03845868.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taoping Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xuyang Geng
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of medical affairs, Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Deyun Li
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kejing Zhu
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Huawen Li
- Department of Gynecology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lamine M, Gargouri M, Rahali FZ, Hamdi Z, Mliki A. Local Tunisian durum wheat landraces revisited and rediscovered through modern integrative GC–TOF-MS™-based lipidomic profiling and chemometric approaches. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-03958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
Pedrazzani C, Vanara F, Bhandari DR, Bruni R, Spengler B, Blandino M, Righetti L. 5- n-Alkylresorcinol Profiles in Different Cultivars of Einkorn, Emmer, Spelt, Common Wheat, and Tritordeum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14092-14102. [PMID: 34793147 PMCID: PMC8640985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
5-n-Alkylresorcinols (AR) are bioactive compounds found in the edible parts of many cereals. Here, saturated and unsaturated homologues, including the oxidized forms 5-(2'-oxo) AR and their plant metabolites, were profiled by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility separation-high-resolution mass spectrometry in 18 cultivars of einkorn, emmer, spelt, common wheat, and tritordeum, cultivated in two consecutive years under uniform agronomic conditions. The average content of AR ranged between 672.5 ± 129.8 and 1408.9 ± 528.0 mg/kg, exceeding 2380 mg/kg in some samples and highlighting a superior content in tritordeum and in modern cultivars with respect to old wheat genotypes. By evaluating the effect of environmental and agronomic factors on the different variables, the harvest year resulted to be always significant, while location and variety influenced AR abundance only for some homologues. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of AR was investigated by mass spectrometry imaging using transversal cross sections of wheat kernels. Our results show that AR homologues are mainly localized in the testa and in the outer pericarp of wheat kernels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Pedrazzani
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Francesca Vanara
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Dhaka Ram Bhandari
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus
Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Renato Bruni
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus
Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Massimo Blandino
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shi L, Zhou J, Guo J, Gladden I, Kong L. Starch inclusion complex for the encapsulation and controlled release of bioactive guest compounds. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 274:118596. [PMID: 34702447 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The linear component of starch, especially amylose, is capable of forming inclusion complex (IC) with various small molecules. It could significantly modify the structure and properties of starch, and it could bring beneficial effects when bioactive compounds can be encapsulated. This review discusses the formation and characterization of the starch-guest IC and focuses on the recent developments in the use of starch ICs for the encapsulation and controlled release of bioactive guest compounds. A great number of guest compounds, such as lipids, aroma compounds, pharmaceuticals, and phytochemicals, were studied for their ability to be complexed with starch and/or amylose and some of the formed ICs were evaluated for the chemical stability improvement and the guest release regulation. Starch-guest ICs has a great potential to be a delivery system, as most existing studies demonstrated the enhancement on guest retention and the possibility of controlled release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linfan Shi
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Jiayue Guo
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Isabella Gladden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Lingyan Kong
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
How do coffee substitutes compare to coffee? A comprehensive review of its quality characteristics, sensory characters, phytochemicals, health benefits and safety. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
New Antiproliferative Compounds against Glioma Cells from the Marine-Sourced Fungus Penicillium sp. ZZ1750. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19090483. [PMID: 34564145 PMCID: PMC8465473 DOI: 10.3390/md19090483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven novel compounds, namely peniresorcinosides A–E (1–5), penidifarnesylin A (6), and penipyridinone A (7), together with the 11 known ones 8–17, were isolated from a culture of the marine-associated fungus Penicillium sp. ZZ1750 in rice medium. The structures of the new compounds were established based on their high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) data, extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses, chemical degradation, Mosher’s method, 13C-NMR calculations, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Peniresorcinosides A (1) and B (2) are rare glycosylated alkylresorcinols and exhibited potent antiglioma activity, with IC50 values of 4.0 and 5.6 µM for U87MG cells and 14.1 and 9.8 µM for U251 cells, respectively.
Collapse
|
35
|
Dornan K, Gunenc A, Oomah BD, Hosseinian F. Odd chain fatty acids and odd chain phenolic lipids (alkylresorcinols) are essential for diet. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Dornan
- Food Science, Chemistry Department Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Aynur Gunenc
- Food Science, Chemistry Department Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - B. Dave Oomah
- (Retired) Formerly with Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Summerland British Columbia Canada
| | - Farah Hosseinian
- Food Science, Chemistry Department Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lundy J, Drieu L, Meo A, Sacco V, Arcifa L, Pezzini E, Aniceti V, Fiorentino G, Alexander M, Orecchioni P, Mollinari A, Carver MOH, Craig OE. New insights into early medieval Islamic cuisine: Organic residue analysis of pottery from rural and urban Sicily. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252225. [PMID: 34106970 PMCID: PMC8189454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sicily, during the 9th-12th century AD, thrived politically, economically, and culturally under Islamic political rule and the capital of Palermo stood as a cultural and political centre in the Mediterranean Islamic world. However, to what extent the lifeways of the people that experienced these regimes were impacted during this time is not well understood, particularly those from lesser studied rural contexts. This paper presents the first organic residue analysis of 134 cooking pots and other domestic containers dating to the 9th -12th century in order to gain new insights into the culinary practices during this significant period. Ceramics from three sites in the urban capital of Palermo and from the rural town of Casale San Pietro were analysed and compared. The multi-faceted organic residue analysis identified a range of commodities including animal products, vegetables, beeswax, pine and fruit products in the ceramics, with a complex mixing of resources observed in many cases, across all four sites and ceramic forms. Alongside the identification of commodities and how they were combined, new light has been shed on the patterning of resource use between these sites. The identification of dairy products in calcite wares from the rural site of Casale San Pietro and the absence of dairy in ceramics from the urban centre of Palermo presents interesting questions regarding the role of rural sites in food consumption and production in Islamic Sicily. This is the first time organic residue analysis of ceramics has been used to explore foodways in a medieval multi-faith society and offers new pathways to the understanding of pottery use and resources that were prepared, consumed and combined, reflecting cuisine in different socio-economic environments within the pluralistic population of medieval Sicily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Lundy
- Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Lea Drieu
- Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Antonino Meo
- Dipartimento di Storia, Patrimonio Culturale, Formazione e Società, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Arcifa
- Facoltà di Scienze della Formazione, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Pezzini
- “Antonino Sallinas”, Regional Archaeological Museum of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Veronica Aniceti
- Dipartimento di Storia, Patrimonio Culturale, Formazione e Società, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Girolamo Fiorentino
- Laboratory of Archaeobotany and Palaeoecology, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Michelle Alexander
- Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Orecchioni
- Dipartimento di Storia, Patrimonio Culturale, Formazione e Società, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mollinari
- Dipartimento di Storia, Patrimonio Culturale, Formazione e Società, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin O. H. Carver
- Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver E. Craig
- Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hammerschick T, Wagner T, Vetter W. Isolation of saturated alkylresorcinols from rye grains by countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1904-1912. [PMID: 33655655 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (5-alkyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzenes) are amphiphilic phenolic lipid compounds that are abundant in cereals with highest contents in rye. Alkylresorcinols are suspected to show a wide range of favourable biological activities. For such and further testing, highly pure alkylresorcinol standards are required. Especially, purities >> 98% were partly difficult to obtain in the past. Here, we aimed to isolate the most abundant (saturated) alkylresorcinols from rye using countercurrent chromatography. To achieve very high purity, alkylresorcinol-containing extract (∼7.14 g) of rye grains (cold extracts with cyclohexane/ethyl acetate (46/54, w/w)) were preparatively transesterified followed by a preparative hydrogenation. Countercurrent chromatography separation of ∼1 g hydrogenated and transesterified rye grain extract using the solvent system n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (9:1:9:1, v/v/v/v) yielded 51.8 mg AR17:0, 77.4 mg AR19:0, 57.2 mg AR21:0, 28.8 mg AR23:0 and 11.5 mg AR25:0 with purities >99% in either case. The isolated alkylresorcinol homologues can be used for subsequent bioassays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hammerschick
- Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tim Wagner
- Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Magnucka EG, Oksińska MP, Pietr SJ. Monitoring of changes in 5- n-alkylresorcinols during wheat seedling development. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 76:67-70. [PMID: 32915769 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
For seven days of wheat growth, caryopsis remained the main source of 5-n-alkylresorcinols with C19 and/or C21 homolog as a main compound. Shoot contained small amount of these phenolic lipids; their average content was 3.23% of level obtained in the whole seedling. Moreover, 41.38% of resorcinolic lipids of seven-day-old shoot was accumulated in part of leaf covered by coleoptile. Interestingly, a removal of 1.07% of the primary pool of kernel alkylresorcinols by short-term washing (10 s) of wheat seed with acetone before planting decreased their level only in seed of seven-day old seedling. Compared to the respective controls, this treatment did not affect the amount of these lipids in the green part of seedling that proved that de novo synthesis of 5-n-alkylresorcinols takes place in shoots. The very similar homolog profiles of these lipids in four- and seven-day-old shoots turned out to be markedly less diversified than those found in respective seed samples. Compared to the mature wheat caryopsis, the rise in the content of very-long-chain homologs was observed only in the oldest shoot. Their increased accumulation was probably connected with formation of cuticular layer providing the defensive barrier against various phytopathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta G Magnucka
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland
| | - Małgorzata P Oksińska
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland
| | - Stanisław J Pietr
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zou Y, Fan F, Fang Y, Li P, Xia J, Shen X, Liu Q, Hu Q. Neuroprotective Effect of Alkylresorcinols from Wheat Bran in HT22 Cells: Correlation with in vitro Antioxidant Activity. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.210125.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
40
|
Xiong Y, Zhang P, Warner RD, Shen S, Fang Z. Cereal grain-based functional beverages: from cereal grain bioactive phytochemicals to beverage processing technologies, health benefits and product features. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2404-2431. [PMID: 33938780 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1853037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Increased consumer awareness of health and wellness has promoted a high demand for foods and beverages with functional and therapeutic properties. Cereals, apart from being important staple crops and primary sources of energy and nutrition, are replete with bioactive phytochemicals with health properties. Cereal grains contain a diverse range of bioactive phytochemicals including phenolic compounds, dietary fibers, carotenoids, tocols, phytosterols, γ-oryzanol, and phytic acid and therefore have great potential for processing into functional beverages. Although there are a variety of cereal grain-based beverages produced world-wide, very little scientific and technological attention has been paid to them. In this review, we have discussed cereal grain-based functional beverages based on 3 main categories: cereal grain-based milk alternatives, roasted cereal grain teas, fermented nonalcoholic cereal grain beverages. The processing techniques, health properties and product features of these beverages are elaborated, and the challenges and future perspectives are proposed. As the food market becomes increasingly diverse, cereal grain-based beverages could be a promising new category of health functional beverages in our daily life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn Dorothy Warner
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shuibao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Taiyuan Brand Will Firm Biotechnology Development Co, Ltd, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fan F, Zou Y, Fang Y, Li P, Xia J, Shen X, Liu Q, Hu Q. Potential neuroprotection of wheat alkylresorcinols in hippocampal neurons via Nrf2/ARE pathway. Food Funct 2020; 11:10161-10169. [PMID: 33155602 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02285c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
5-n-Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are abundant in wheat bran and potentially antioxidative, although the neuroprotective mechanism is not fully understood. The neuroprotective effect of wheat bran ARs on H2O2-induced neuronal cells and the relationship between neuroprotection and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant-response element (ARE) pathway were investigated in this study. Seven homologs were identified in the purified ARs by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pretreatment with 80 μg mL-1 ARs alleviated 23% HT22 cell death and the up-regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species level and malondialdehyde under H2O2 stimulation. The neuroprotection effect was proved by the increase in the Nrf2 nuclear location and up-regulation of mRNA and protein expressions of heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit l. Wheat bran ARs displayed a neuroprotective function, possibly by promoting the endogenous antioxidant defense system. ARs may be regarded as a functional food ingredient for preventing neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu J, Yu LL, Wu Y. Bioactive Components and Health Beneficial Properties of Whole Wheat Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12904-12915. [PMID: 32324395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found that whole wheat consumption is inversely associated with the risk of chronic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The health benefits of whole wheat foods are attributed to their bioactive components, including phytochemicals and dietary fiber. In this review, the current studies regarding bioactive components and their health-promoting roles and the underlying mechanisms were summarized and discussed. The current research advances in processing technologies capable of potentially enhancing the nutritional quality of wheat and wheat-based foods were also included. This review may promote the research, development, and consumption of whole wheat foods in reducing the risk of human chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yanbei Wu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Martín-García B, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Marconi E, Verardo V. Distribution of free and bound phenolic compounds, and alkylresorcinols in wheat aleurone enriched fractions. Food Res Int 2020; 140:109816. [PMID: 33648163 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several companies have focused their attention on the development of technologies able to enrich/isolate the wheat aleuronic layer because it is a source of bioactive compounds. In this work two different wheat bran fractions enriched in aleurone (AF1, 55-70% aleurone and AF2, 75-90% aleurone) were obtained by a dry fractionation based on air classification. Free and bound phenolic compounds, and alkylresorcinols were determined in the two fractions by HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF-MS and GC-MS, respectively. To our knowledge, feruloyl di-hexoside was described for the first time in wheat aleurone and flavonoids were quantified for the first time in this fraction. The results have shown that the most concentrated free phenolic compounds were flavonoids, and AF1 was the fraction that presented the highest flavonoid content; whereas trans ferulic acid was the most abundant bound phenolic acid, which highest content was obtained in AF2. Besides, total content of ferulic acid monomers in AF2 was 33.63% higher than in AF1, whereas total content of ferulic acid dimers/trimers in AF1 was 33.9% higher than in AF2. The highest content of alkylresorcinols was obtained in AF1 and it was 10.30% higher than the obtained in AF2. Therefore, it can be stated that this green technology could be used to produce enriched aleurone fractions as source of phenolic and alkylresorcinol compounds. These fractions could be of great interest for the formulation of enriched foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martín-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana María Gómez-Caravaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Emanuele Marconi
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università del Molise, via De Sanctis s/n, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Vito Verardo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ciccoritti R, Taddei F, Gazza L, Nocente F. Influence of kernel thermal pre-treatments on 5-n-alkylresorcinols, polyphenols and antioxidant activity of durum and einkorn wheat. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
45
|
Countercurrent chromatographic fractionation followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identification of alkylresorcinols in rye. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:8417-8430. [PMID: 33037907 PMCID: PMC7680747 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (5-alkyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzenes, ARs) are bioactive phenolic lipid compounds which are particularly abundant in rye and partly other cereals. In this study on ARs, whole rye grain extracts were gained with cyclohexane/ethyl acetate (46/54, w/w). Silylated extracts were used to develop a gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method in the selected ion monitoring mode (GC/MS-SIM) for the sensitive detection of conventional ARs along with keto-substituted (oxo-AR) and ring-methylated ARs (mAR) with 5-alkyl chain lengths of 14 to 27 carbon atoms and 0 to 4 double bonds in one run. Analysis was performed by countercurrent chromatographic (CCC) fractionation using the solvent system n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (9/1/9/1, v/v/v/v). Subsequent GC/MS-(SIM) analysis of 80 silylated CCC fractions enabled the detection of 74 ARs in the sample. The CCC elution of the ARs followed the equivalent chain length (ECL) rule in which one double bond compensated the effect of two (additional) carbon atoms. Novel or rarely reported ARs were detected in virtually all classes, i.e. saturated AR (AR14:0), even-numbered monounsaturated AR isomers (AR16:1-AR26:1), triunsaturated ARs (AR25:3), oxo-ARs (AR17:0 oxo, AR19:1 oxo, AR21:2 oxo, AR23:2 oxo) and odd-numbered methyl-ARs (mAR15:0-mAR23:0). Positions of the double bonds of monounsaturated ARs and oxo-ARs were determined with the help of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) derivatives. Graphical abstract ![]()
Collapse
|
46
|
Kowalska I, Jędrejek D. Benzoxazinoid and alkylresorcinol content, and their antioxidant potential, in a grain of spring and winter wheat cultivated under different production systems. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
47
|
Long-term whole-grain rye and wheat consumption and their associations with selected biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:123-132. [PMID: 32782386 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Whole-grain (WG) intake has been associated with a lowered risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers in epidemiological studies. Reduced subclinical inflammation could be one important mechanism behind such associations. This study investigated whether high long-term WG rye and wheat intakes were associated with lower concentrations of biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, and protein biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease. SUBJECTS/METHODS We assessed WG intake by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and by measuring alkylresorcinols (ARs) in plasma and adipose tissue, respectively. Selected biomarkers in free-living 109 women and 149 men were analyzed from two clinical subcohort studies (Swedish Mammography Cohort-Clinical (SMC-C) and Cohort of Swedish Men-Clinical (COSM-C), respectively. Total WG rye and wheat (WGRnW) and the ratio of WG rye to WG rye and wheat (WGR/WGRnW) were estimated from FFQs. ARs were measured in plasma and adipose tissue by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the biomarkers by ELISA. RESULTS We found no consistent associations between WG intake assessed by different methods and the selected biomarkers. However, WGRnW intake was inversely associated with cathepsin S (P-trend < 0.05) and total AR and C17:0/C21:0 in plasma were inversely associated with the endostatin concentration (P-trend < 0.05) adjusted for BMI, age, and sex. CONCLUSION The results give limited support to the hypothesis that a high WG wheat and rye intake is associated with lower concentrations of common biomarkers of inflammation and CVD that have previously been reported inversely associated with WG intake or an overall healthy lifestyle.
Collapse
|
48
|
A Method for the Rapid Measurement of Alkylresorcinols in Flour, Bread and Related Products Based on 1H qNMR. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081025. [PMID: 32751799 PMCID: PMC7466349 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objectives of the current work were to investigate differences among flours from traditionally preserved Greek varieties of cereals, and especially those of wheat, and in parallel, to correlate those potential differences with the presence of bioactive natural ingredients. In this context, we developed a new, fast, and simple method for the measurement of total 5-alkylresorcinols in cereals and related foods by qNMR. Several types of flour (white or whole-grain) coming from wheat, i.e., Triticum dicoccum, T. monococcum, T. aestivum, T. durum and T. turgidum, corn, barley, rye and oat from a certified producer in Greece were used either as raw materials or for the production of bread, pasta and flakes. A small portion of the flour or the corresponding product was extracted with DMSO-d6. The liquid part was directly analyzed by NMR (400 MHz). The simplicity of the NMR spectrum of the total extract and the lack of overlapping peaks permitted the development of a high throughput quantitative method for the measurement of total bioactive alkylresorcinols in less than 15 min. Grains, whole grain flours and breads from old varieties of T. dicoccum and T.monococcum showed high contents of alkylresorcinols (455–1148 mg/Kg), while the same compounds were completely absent from white flour and the corresponding bread. The term high-phenolic flour is proposed to distinguish among flour types.
Collapse
|
49
|
Rodríguez-Morató J, Jayawardene S, Huang NK, Dolnikowski GG, Galluccio J, Lichtenstein AH, Matthan NR. Simplified method for the measurement of plasma alkylresorcinols: Biomarkers of whole-grain intake. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8805. [PMID: 32297383 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Consumption of whole grains is negatively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but quantification of whole-grain intake is challenging. Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are biomarkers of whole-grain intake. Current methods for AR quantification involve a time-consuming multi-step separation process that hampers applicability in large-scale studies. METHODS We developed a streamlined method to quantify ARs in human plasma based on protein precipitation and direct injection into an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer operating in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization negative ion mode. RESULTS Separation of five major ARs was achieved, with linearity in the 5 to 550 nmol/L range and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 nmol/L and quantification (LOQ) of 5 nmol/L. The within-run and between-run precision and accuracy were below 15%, and recoveries above 90%. Once validated, the method was applied to measure concentrations of plasma ARs in subjects who participated in a randomized, crossover trial evaluating the effect of carbohydrate type on CVD risk factors. The unrefined carbohydrate diet with the highest fiber content resulted in the highest plasma AR concentration (93 ± 78 nmol/L), and was significantly different (p <0.01) from lower fiber diets (18 ± 26 nmol/L and 19 ± 26 nmol/L, simple and unrefined carbohydrate, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This method offers a simplified approach to measure concentrations of plasma ARs as an objective biomarker of whole-grain intake that can be applied to large-scale cohort studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Jayawardene
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Neil K Huang
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Gregory G Dolnikowski
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jean Galluccio
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Craig-Atkins E, Jervis B, Cramp L, Hammann S, Nederbragt AJ, Nicholson E, Taylor AR, Whelton H, Madgwick R. The dietary impact of the Norman Conquest: A multiproxy archaeological investigation of Oxford, UK. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235005. [PMID: 32628680 PMCID: PMC7337355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeology has yet to capitalise on the opportunities offered by bioarchaeological approaches to examine the impact of the 11th-century AD Norman Conquest of England. This study utilises an integrated multiproxy analytical approach to identify and explain changes and continuities in diet and foodways between the 10th and 13th centuries in the city of Oxford, UK. The integration of organic residue analysis of ceramics, carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis of human and animal bones, incremental analysis of δ13C and δ15N from human tooth dentine and palaeopathological analysis of human skeletal remains has revealed a broad pattern of increasing intensification and marketisation across various areas of economic practice, with a much lesser and more short-term impact of the Conquest on everyday lifestyles than is suggested by documentary sources. Nonetheless, isotope data indicate short-term periods of instability, particularly food insecurity, did impact individuals. Evidence of preferences for certain foodstuffs and cooking techniques documented among the elite classes were also observed among lower-status townspeople, suggesting that Anglo-Norman fashions could be adopted across the social spectrum. This study demonstrates the potential for future archaeological research to generate more nuanced understanding of the cultural impact of the Norman Conquest of England, while showcasing a method which can be used to elucidate the undocumented, everyday implications of other large-scale political events on non-elites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Craig-Atkins
- Department of Archaeology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RM); (ECA); (BJ)
| | - Ben Jervis
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RM); (ECA); (BJ)
| | - Lucy Cramp
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hammann
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth Nicholson
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Allie Rae Taylor
- Spokane Tribe of Indians Preservation Program, Wellpinit, WA, United States of America
| | - Helen Whelton
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Madgwick
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RM); (ECA); (BJ)
| |
Collapse
|