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Chen J, Li Y, Gu X, Wu T, Du H, Bai C, Yang J, Hu K. Identifying Anti-NSCLC Bioactive Compounds in Scutellaria via 2D NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis of Pharmacologically Classified Crude Extracts. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400258. [PMID: 38581076 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
We presented a strategy utilizing 2D NMR-based metabolomic analysis of crude extracts, categorized by different pharmacological activities, to rapidly identify the primary bioactive components of TCM. It was applied to identify the potential bioactive components from Scutellaria crude extracts that exhibit anti-non-small cell lung cancer (anti-NSCLC) activity. Four Scutellaria species were chosen as the study subjects because of their close phylogenetic relationship, but their crude extracts exhibit significantly different anti-NSCLC activity. Cell proliferation assay was used to assess the anti-NSCLC activity of four species of Scutellaria. 1H-13C HSQC spectra were acquired for the chemical profiling of these crude extracts. Based on the pharmacological classification (PCA, OPLS-DA and univariate hypothesis test) were performed to identify the bioactive constituents in Scutellaria associated with the anti-NSCLC activity. As a result, three compounds, baicalein, wogonin and scutellarin were identified as bioactive compounds. The anti-NSCLC activity of the three potential active compounds were further confirmed via cell proliferation assay. The mechanism of the anti-NSCLC activity by these active constituents was further explored via flow cytometry and western blot analyses. This study demonstrated 2D NMR-based metabolomic analysis of pharmacologically classified crude extracts to be an efficient approach to the identification of active components of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, No.1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China Tel
| | - Xiu Gu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China Tel
| | - Tianren Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Huan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Caihong Bai
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, No.1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China Tel
| | - Jiahui Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, No.1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China Tel
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China Tel
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Decoding Metabolic Reprogramming in Plants under Pathogen Attacks, a Comprehensive Review of Emerging Metabolomics Technologies to Maximize Their Applications. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030424. [PMID: 36984864 PMCID: PMC10055942 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In their environment, plants interact with a multitude of living organisms and have to cope with a large variety of aggressions of biotic or abiotic origin. What has been known for several decades is that the extraordinary variety of chemical compounds the plants are capable of synthesizing may be estimated in the range of hundreds of thousands, but only a fraction has been fully characterized to be implicated in defense responses. Despite the vast importance of these metabolites for plants and also for human health, our knowledge about their biosynthetic pathways and functions is still fragmentary. Recent progress has been made particularly for the phenylpropanoids and oxylipids metabolism, which is more emphasized in this review. With an increasing interest in monitoring plant metabolic reprogramming, the development of advanced analysis methods should now follow. This review capitalizes on the advanced technologies used in metabolome mapping in planta, including different metabolomics approaches, imaging, flux analysis, and interpretation using bioinformatics tools. Advantages and limitations with regards to the application of each technique towards monitoring which metabolite class or type are highlighted, with special emphasis on the necessary future developments to better mirror such intricate metabolic interactions in planta.
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Tran TLC, Callahan DL, Islam MT, Wang Y, Arioli T, Cahill D. Comparative metabolomic profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana roots and leaves reveals complex response mechanisms induced by a seaweed extract. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1114172. [PMID: 36968386 PMCID: PMC10035662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed extracts are a prominent class of biostimulants that enhance plant health and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses due to their unique bioactive components. However, the mechanisms of action of biostimulants are still unknown. Here, we have used a metabolomic approach, a UHPLC-MS method, to uncover the mechanisms induced following application to Arabidopsis thaliana of a seaweed extract derived from Durvillaea potatorum and Ascophyllum nodosum. We have identified, following the application of the extract, key metabolites and systemic responses in roots and leaves across 3 timepoints (0, 3, 5 days). Significant alterations in metabolite accumulation or reduction were found for those belonging to broad groups of compounds such as lipids, amino acids, and phytohormones; and secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids, glucosinolates, and organic acids. Strong accumulations of TCA cycle and N-containing and defensive metabolites such as glucosinolates were also found revealing the enhancement of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and defence systems. Our study has demonstrated that application of seaweed extract dramatically altered the metabolomic profiles of Arabidopsis and revealed differences in roots and leaves that varied across the timepoints tested. We also show clear evidence of systemic responses that were initiated in the roots and resulted in metabolic alterations in the leaves. Collectively, our results suggest that this seaweed extract promotes plant growth and activates defence systems by altering various physiological processes at the individual metabolite level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Linh Chi Tran
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Md Tohidul Islam
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Yichao Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Tony Arioli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Seasol International R&D Department, Bayswater, VIC, Australia
| | - David Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Rodriguez VM, Velasco P, Abilleira R, Cartea E. Metabolomic fingerprint of cabbage resistance to Mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:803-810. [PMID: 36259248 PMCID: PMC10092884 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants defend themselves from insect feeding by activating specific metabolic pathways. We performed a metabolomic analysis to compare the metabolome reorganization that occurs in the leaves of two genotypes of cabbage (one partially resistant and one susceptible) when attacked by Mamestra brassicae caterpillars. RESULTS The comparison of the metabolomic reorganization of both genotypes allowed us to identify 43 metabolites that are specifically associated with the insect feeding response in the resistant genotype. Of these, 19% are lipids or lipid-related compounds, most of which are modified fatty acids. These include glycosylated, glycerol-binding and oxidized fatty acids, the majority being associated with the oxylipin pathway. Some of the identified lipids are unlikely to be produced by plants and may be the result of biochemical reactions in the caterpillar oral secretions. A further 16% are phenylpropanoids. Interestingly, some phenylpropanoids were not present in the susceptible genotype, making them possible candidates for specific resistance-related compounds. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that glucosinolates do not have a clear role in the resistance to M. brassicae feeding on cabbage. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, we associated the regulation of metabolic pathways related to lipid signalling and phenylpropanoid compounds with the resistance to this pest. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Rodriguez
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassica CropsMision Biologica de Galicia (MBG), CSICPontevedraSpain
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassica CropsMision Biologica de Galicia (MBG), CSICPontevedraSpain
| | - Rosaura Abilleira
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassica CropsMision Biologica de Galicia (MBG), CSICPontevedraSpain
| | - Elena Cartea
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassica CropsMision Biologica de Galicia (MBG), CSICPontevedraSpain
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Li J, Wang Z, Fan M, Hu G, Guo M. Potential Antioxidative and Anti-Hyperuricemic Components Targeting Superoxide Dismutase and Xanthine Oxidase Explored from Polygonatum Sibiricum Red. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091651. [PMID: 36139724 PMCID: PMC9495925 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum Red. (P. sibiricum) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine with a wide range of pharmacology effects. However, the responsible bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action concerning its antioxidative and anti-hyperuricemic activities remain unexplored. In this work, the antioxidant capacity of P. sibiricum was firstly evaluated with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis-(3ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, from which the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction exhibited the highest DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, and ferric-reducing capacities. Meanwhile, the EA fraction displayed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents among the four fractions. Next, the potential ligands from the EA fraction were screened out by bio-affinity ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XOD). As a result, N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine, N-trans-feruloyloctopamine, N-trans-feruloyltyramine were identified as potential SOD ligands, while N-cis-p-coumaroyltyramine was determined as potential XOD ligand. Additionally, these four ligands effectively interact with SOD and XOD in the molecular docking analysis, with binding energies (BEs) ranging from –6.83 to –6.51 kcal/mol, and the inhibition constants (Ki) from 9.83 to 16.83 μM, which were better than the positive controls. In conclusion, our results indicated that P. sibiricum has good antioxidative and anti-hyperuricemic activities, and its corresponding active ligands targeting SOD and XOD could be explored by the UF-LC-MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Minxia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guangwan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (M.G.)
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Kashyap A, Jiménez-Jiménez ÁL, Zhang W, Capellades M, Srinivasan S, Laromaine A, Serra O, Figueras M, Rencoret J, Gutiérrez A, Valls M, Coll NS. Induced ligno-suberin vascular coating and tyramine-derived hydroxycinnamic acid amides restrict Ralstonia solanacearum colonization in resistant tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1411-1429. [PMID: 35152435 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tomato varieties resistant to the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum have the ability to restrict bacterial movement in the plant. Inducible vascular cell wall reinforcements seem to play a key role in confining R. solanacearum into the xylem vasculature of resistant tomato. However, the type of compounds involved in such vascular physico-chemical barriers remain understudied, while being a key component of resistance. Here we use a combination of histological and live-imaging techniques, together with spectroscopy and gene expression analysis to understand the nature of R. solanacearum-induced formation of vascular coatings in resistant tomato. We describe that resistant tomato specifically responds to infection by assembling a vascular structural barrier formed by a ligno-suberin coating and tyramine-derived hydroxycinnamic acid amides. Further, we show that overexpressing genes of the ligno-suberin pathway in a commercial susceptible variety of tomato restricts R. solanacearum movement inside the plant and slows disease progression, enhancing resistance to the pathogen. We propose that the induced barrier in resistant plants does not only restrict the movement of the pathogen, but may also prevent cell wall degradation by the pathogen and confer anti-microbial properties, effectively contributing to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kashyap
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Weiqi Zhang
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Capellades
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sumithra Srinivasan
- Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB), CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Laromaine
- Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB), CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Olga Serra
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Rencoret
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS), CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS), CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Marc Valls
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08001, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Chervin J, Romeo-Oliván A, Fournier S, Puech-Pages V, Dumas B, Jacques A, Marti G. Modification of Early Response of Vitis vinifera to Pathogens Relating to Esca Disease and Biocontrol Agent Vintec ® Revealed By Untargeted Metabolomics on Woody Tissues. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835463. [PMID: 35308402 PMCID: PMC8924477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esca disease is one of the most destructive grapevine trunk diseases. Phaeoacremonium minimum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora are two of the known fungal pathogens associated with this disease. Today, biocontrol agents against Esca are mainly based on the use of the strain of the mycoparasite fungal genus Trichoderma such as the Vintec® product. The aim of this study was to investigate early response of woody tissues to Esca pathogens and identify metabolites that could be correlated with a biocontrol activity within a complex woody matrix. An untargeted liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomic approach coupled to a spectral similarity network was used to highlight clusters of compounds associated with the plant response to pathogens and biocontrol. Dereplication highlighted the possible role of glycerophospholipids and polyphenol compounds, the latest mainly belonging to stilbenoids. Antifungal activity of some relevant biomarkers, evaluated in vitro on Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Botrytis cinerea, suggests that some of these compounds can play a role to limit the development of Esca pathogens in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Chervin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France.,Metatoul-AgromiX Platform, LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Ana Romeo-Oliván
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie, et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), INP PURPAN, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Fournier
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France.,Metatoul-AgromiX Platform, LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Puech-Pages
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France.,Metatoul-AgromiX Platform, LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Dumas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Alban Jacques
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie, et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), INP PURPAN, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Marti
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France.,Metatoul-AgromiX Platform, LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
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8
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Backes A, Charton S, Planchon S, Esmaeel Q, Sergeant K, Hausman JF, Renaut J, Barka EA, Jacquard C, Guerriero G. Gene expression and metabolite analysis in barley inoculated with net blotch fungus and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:488-500. [PMID: 34757299 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Net blotch, caused by the ascomycete Drechslera teres, can compromise barley production. Beneficial bacteria strains are of substantial interest as biological agents for plant protection in agriculture. Belonging to the genus Paraburkholderia, a bacterium, referred to as strain B25, has been identified as protective for barley against net blotch. The strain Paraburkholderia phytofirmans (strain PsJN), which has no effect on the pathogen's growth, has been used as control. In this study, the expression of target genes involved in cell wall-related processes, defense responses, carbohydrate and phenylpropanoid pathways was studied under various conditions (with or without pathogen and/or with or without bacterial strains) at different time-points (0-6-12-48 h). The results show that specific genes were subjected to a circadian regulation and that the expression of most of them increased in barley infected with D. teres and/or bacterized with the strain PsJN. On the contrary, a decreased gene expression was observed in the presence of strain B25. To complement and enrich the gene expression analysis, untargeted metabolomics was carried out on the same samples. The data obtained show an increase in the production of lipid compounds in barley in the presence of the pathogen. In addition, the presence of strain B25 leads to a decrease in the production of defense compounds in this crop. The results contribute to advance the knowledge on the mechanisms occurring at the onset of D. teres infection and in the presence of a biocontrol agent limiting the severity of net blotch in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Backes
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100, Reims, France.
| | - Sophie Charton
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Sébastien Planchon
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Qassim Esmaeel
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100, Reims, France.
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, GreenTech Innovation Centre, 5 rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, L-4940, Hautcharage, Luxembourg.
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, GreenTech Innovation Centre, 5 rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, L-4940, Hautcharage, Luxembourg.
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, GreenTech Innovation Centre, 5 rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, L-4940, Hautcharage, Luxembourg.
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100, Reims, France.
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100, Reims, France.
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, GreenTech Innovation Centre, 5 rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, L-4940, Hautcharage, Luxembourg.
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Seo SY, Kim YJ, Kim J, Nam MH, Park KY. Phytosphingosine induces systemic acquired resistance through activation of sphingosine kinase. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e351. [PMID: 34622122 PMCID: PMC8483070 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytosphingosine (PHS) is a naturally occurring bioactive sphingolipid molecule. Intermediates such as sphingolipid long-chain bases (LCBs) in sphingolipid biosynthesis have been shown to have important roles as signaling molecules. PHS treatment caused rapid cell damage and upregulated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ethylene in tobacco plants. These events were followed by the induction of sphingosine kinase (SphK) in a biphasic manner, which metabolized PHS to phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (PHS-1-P). On the other hand, a PHS treatment with a virulent pathogen, Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn), alleviated the pathogen-induced cell damage and reduced the growth of Ppn. A Ppn infection increased the PHS and PHS-1-P levels significantly in the upper part of the leaves at the infection site at the later stage. In addition, Ppn increased the transcription levels of serine palmitoyltransferase (LCB1 and LCB2) for sphingolipid biosynthesis at the later stage, which was enhanced further by PHS. Moreover, the PHS treatment increased the transcription and activity of SphK, which was accompanied by prominent increases in the transcription levels of ROS-detoxifying enzymes and PR proteins in the later phase of the pathogen infection. Overall, the PHS-induced resistant effects were prominent during the necrotic stage of this hemibiotrophic infection, indicating that it is more beneficial for inhibiting the pathogenicity on necrotic cell death. Phosphorylated LCBs reduced the pathogen-induced cell damage significantly in this stage. These results suggest that the selective channeling of sphingolipids into phosphorylated forms has a pro-survival effect on plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Seo
- Department of Biology Sunchon National University Suncheon Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Department of Biology Sunchon National University Suncheon Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Nam
- Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ky Young Park
- Department of Biology Sunchon National University Suncheon Republic of Korea
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Toljamo A, Koistinen V, Hanhineva K, Kärenlampi S, Kokko H. Terpenoid and lipid profiles vary in different Phytophthora cactorum - strawberry interactions. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 189:112820. [PMID: 34091112 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Specialized metabolites are essential components in plant defence systems, serving as signalling molecules and chemical weapons against pathogens. The manipulation of plant defence metabolome or metabolites can thus be an important virulence strategy for pathogens. Because of their central role, metabolites can give valuable insights into plant-pathogen interactions. Here, we have conducted nontargeted metabolite profiling with UPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS to investigate the metabolic changes that have taken place in the crown tissue of Fragaria vesca L. (woodland strawberry) and Fragaria × ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (garden strawberry) during 48 h after Phytophthora cactorum challenge. Two P. cactorum isolates were compared: Pc407 is highly virulent to F. × ananassa and causes crown rot, whereas Pc440 is mildly virulent. In total, 45 metabolites differentially accumulated between the treatment groups were tentatively identified. Triterpenoids and various lipid compounds were highly represented. The levels of several triterpenoids increased upon inoculation, some of them showing distinct accumulation patterns in different interactions. Triterpenoids could either inhibit or stimulate P. cactorum growth and, therefore, triterpenoid profiles might have significant impact on disease progression. Of the lipid compounds, lysophospholipids, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were highly accumulated in the most compatible Pc407 - F. × ananassa interaction. As lysophospholipids promote cell death and have been linked to susceptibility, these compounds might be involved in the pathogenesis of crown rot disease. This metabolite analysis revealed potential factors contributing to the outcome of P. cactorum - strawberry interactions. The information is highly valuable, as it can help to find new breeding strategies and new solutions to control P. cactorum in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Toljamo
- Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ville Koistinen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Microkatu 1, FI-70210, Kuopio, Finland; Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Kärenlampi
- Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Harri Kokko
- Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Szatmári Á, Móricz ÁM, Schwarczinger I, Kolozsváriné Nagy J, Alberti Á, Pogány M, Bozsó Z. A pattern-triggered immunity-related phenolic, acetosyringone, boosts rapid inhibition of a diverse set of plant pathogenic bacteria. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:153. [PMID: 33765920 PMCID: PMC7992983 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetosyringone (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone, AS) is a syringyl-type phenolic compound rarely found in plants in free form. It has been shown earlier to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas bacteria in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase (AS mix). RESULTS We detected elevated levels of free AS in Nicotiana tabacum and N. benthamiana plants after inducing pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) by injecting bacterial elicitor flg22, or pathogenicity-mutant Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 hrcC- bacteria; but not after inoculations with compatible or incompatible pathogens at the time of PTI onset. In this study, we demonstrate that the antibacterial effect of the AS mix is general, as growth of several Gram-negative and -positive phytopathogenic bacteria was characteristically inhibited. The inhibition of bacterial metabolism by the AS mix was rapid, shown by the immediate drop of luminescence intensity of P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 lx strain after addition of AS mix. The mechanism of the bacteriostatic effect was investigated using fluorescent reporter dye assays. SYTOX Green experiments supported others' previous findings that the AS mix does not result in membrane permeabilization. Moreover, we observed that the mode of action could be depolarization of the bacterial cell membrane, as shown by assays carried out with the voltage sensitive dye DIBAC4(3). CONCLUSIONS Level of free acetosyringone is elevated during plant PTI responses in tobacco leaves (N. tabacum and N. benthamiana). When combined with hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase (AS mix), components of the mix act synergistically to inhibit bacterial metabolism and proliferation rapidly in a wide range of plant pathogens. This effect is related to depolarization rather than to permeabilization of the bacterial cell membrane. Similar AS mixture to the in vivo model might form locally at sites of invading bacterial attachment to the plant cells and the presence of acetosyringone might have an important role in the inhibition of bacterial proliferation during PTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Szatmári
- Plant Protection Institute, ELKH Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó St. 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary.
- Present address: Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes M Móricz
- Plant Protection Institute, ELKH Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó St. 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Schwarczinger
- Plant Protection Institute, ELKH Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó St. 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Judit Kolozsváriné Nagy
- Plant Protection Institute, ELKH Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó St. 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Alberti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllői St. 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Miklós Pogány
- Plant Protection Institute, ELKH Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó St. 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bozsó
- Plant Protection Institute, ELKH Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó St. 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary.
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Chromatographic Profiling with Machine Learning Discriminates the Maturity Grades of Nicotiana tabacum L. Leaves. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotiana tabacum L. (NTL) is an important agricultural and economical crop. Its maturity is one of the key factors affecting its quality. Traditionally, maturity is discriminated visually by humans, which is subjective and empirical. In this study, we concentrated on detecting as many compounds as possible in NTL leaves from different maturity grades using ultra-performance liquid chromatography ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IT-TOF/MS). Then, the low-dimensional embedding of LC-MS dataset by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) clearly showed the separation of the leaves from different maturity grades. The discriminant models between different maturity grades were established using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The quality metrics of the models are R2Y = 0.939 and Q2 = 0.742 (unripe and ripe), R2Y = 0.900 and Q2 = 0.847 (overripe and ripe), and R2Y = 0.972 and Q2 = 0.930 (overripe and unripe). The differential metabolites were screened by their variable importance in projection (VIP) and p-Values. The existing tandem mass spectrometry library of plant metabolites, the user-defined library of structures, and MS-FINDER were combined to identify these metabolites. A total of 49 compounds were identified, including 12 amines, 14 lipids, 10 phenols, and 13 others. The results can be used to discriminate the maturity grades of the leaves and ensure their quality.
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Wang X, Chen X, Li J, Evans OB, Wang H, Yang X, He J, Gao XM, Chang YX. Thrombin-based discovery strategy of bioactive-chemical quality marker combination for pollen of Typha orientalis by metabolomics coupled with chemometrics. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:153246. [PMID: 32510336 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is of utmost significance to choose the bioactive components as quality markers for ensuring the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Nonetheless, some markers are able to assess effectively the quality of TCM without considering the pharmacological mechanisms and intrinsic chemical complexities. OBJECTIVE This underscores the need to discover new and efficient markers which can assess both quality and mechanism of action. Herein, a strategy of bioactive-chemical quality marker combination was proposed to improve the level of the quality control of TCM by metabolomics coupled with chemometrics. METHODS A four-step plan was followed. Firstly, acquisition of metabolic features and component characterization of different batches of pollen of Typha orientalis C.Presl were performed using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Secondly, the direct inhibitory effects of pollen of T. orientalis on thrombin was assessed by using chromogenic substrate method together with HPLC. Thereafter, bioactive-chemical marker combination associated with anti-thrombin segregation was screened using supervised classifiers. Finally, quantitative assay and prediction-model of selected markers were established for guarantying the quality of pollen of T. orientalis. RESULTS A total of 22 compounds were annotated based on comparison with previous work from pollen of T. orientalis by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Citric acid and linolenic acid inhibited the thrombin activity with IC50 values, 0.52 ± 0.02 and 0.51 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. A bioactive-chemical marker combination including citric acid, linolenic acid, typhaneoside, and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside were discovered and selected as quality markers for evaluation of pollen of T. orientalis according to their capacity for inhibiting thrombin. CONCLUSION The thrombin-based discovery strategy of bioactive-chemical marker combination was a powerful tool for screening the quality markers for evaluation of pollen of T. orientalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xuanhao Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Owusu Boadi Evans
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Jun He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Joo YH, Nam MH, Chung N, Lee YK. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS screening and identification of bioactive compounds in fresh, aged, and browned Magnolia denudata flower extracts. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang X, Zhao Z, Guo N, Wang H, Zhao J, Xing H. Comparative Proteomics Analysis Reveals That Lignin Biosynthesis Contributes to Brassinosteroid-Mediated Response to Phytophthora sojae in Soybeans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5496-5506. [PMID: 32302119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of steroid plant hormones regulating normal growth, development, and stress response in plants. However, the mechanisms by which BRs interfere with the resistance of soybean to Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae) remain largely unknown. The present study analyzed the role of BRs in soybean response against P. sojae by comparative proteomic approaches. A total of 52,381 peptides were obtained by trypsin digestion of 9,680 proteins, among which 6,640 proteins were quantified, and 402 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Further analysis revealed that DEPs were significantly involved in the lignin biosynthesis pathway. The expression of the majority of key enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis was upregulated by BR-pretreatment and P. sojae infection, and lignin accumulation was faster in BR-pretreated soybeans than in untreated controls. Additionally, accumulation of lignin was consistent with these enzyme expressions levels and resistance phenotype. These findings advance the understanding of the role of BRs in the interaction between soybeans and P. sojae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zisu Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Na Guo
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haitang Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinming Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Han Xing
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Khizar M, Shi J, Saleem S, Liaquat F, Ashraf M, Latif S, Haroon U, Hassan SW, Rehman SU, Chaudhary HJ, Quraishi UM, Munis MFH. Resistance associated metabolite profiling of Aspergillus leaf spot in cotton through non-targeted metabolomics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228675. [PMID: 32049975 PMCID: PMC7015376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus tubingensis is an important pathogen of economically important crops. Different biotic stresses strongly influence the balance of metabolites in plants. The aim of this study was to understand the function and response of resistance associated metabolites which, in turn are involved in many secondary metabolomics pathways to influence defense mechanism of cotton plant. Analysis of non-targeted metabolomics using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) revealed abundant accumulation of key metabolites including flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, fatty acids and carbohydrates, in response to leaf spot of cotton. The principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots illustrated the evidences of variation between two varieties of cotton under mock and pathogen inoculated treatments. Primary metabolism was affected by the up regulation of pyruvate and malate and by the accumulation of carbohydrates like cellobiose and inulobiose. Among 241 resistance related (RR) metabolites, 18 were identified as resistance related constitutive (RRC) and 223 as resistance related induced (RRI) metabolites. Several RRI metabolites, identified in the present study were the precursors for many secondary metabolic pathways. These included phenylpropanoids (stilbenes and furanocoumarin), flavonoids (phlorizin and kaempferol), alkaloids (indolizine and acetylcorynoline) and terpenoids (azelaic acid and oleanolic acid). Our results demonstrated that secondary metabolism, primary metabolism and energy metabolism were more active in resistant cultivar, as compared to sensitive cultivar. Differential protein and fatty acid metabolism was also depicted in both cultivars. Accumulation of these defense related metabolites in resistant cotton cultivar and their suppression in susceptible cotton cultivar revealed the reason of their respective tolerance and susceptibility against A. tubingensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khizar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jianxin Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sadia Saleem
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Liaquat
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sadia Latif
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Haroon
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Waqas Hassan
- Department of Bioscience, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt., Pakistan
| | - Shafiq ur Rehman
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umar Masood Quraishi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zhang J, Zhang F, Li D, Liu Y, Liu B, Meng X. Characterization of metabolite profiles of white and green spears of asparagus officinalis L. from Caoxian, East China. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108869. [PMID: 31955777 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
China is the largest planting country of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) in the world. Caoxian, as the famous asparagus township in China, enjoys a reputation for producing asparagus with high yield and good quality, due to its unique geological characteristic. In this study, a method of reverse-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (RP-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was established for profiling metabolites from three segments (tip, mid, and base) of 'Caoxian white and green Asparagus'. A total of 114 metabolites were identified, among them, 43 were found for the first time in this vegetable. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied to provide an overview of the metabolite profiles of Caoxian asparagus and to separate different segments of spears. The variables most decisive to discriminate among segments included 9 of the metabolites tentatively identified. This study will help to improve the protection of Caoxian asparagus geographical indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Danrui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Bingjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xianghong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Sun G, Strebl M, Merz M, Blamberg R, Huang FC, McGraphery K, Hoffmann T, Schwab W. Glucosylation of the phytoalexin N-feruloyl tyramine modulates the levels of pathogen-responsive metabolites in Nicotiana benthamiana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:20-37. [PMID: 31124249 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme promiscuity, a common property of many uridine diphosphate sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) that convert small molecules, significantly hinders the identification of natural substrates and therefore the characterization of the physiological role of enzymes. In this paper we present a simple but effective strategy to identify endogenous substrates of plant UGTs using LC-MS-guided targeted glycoside analysis of transgenic plants. We successfully identified natural substrates of two promiscuous Nicotiana benthamiana UGTs (NbUGT73A24 and NbUGT73A25), orthologues of pathogen-induced tobacco UGT (TOGT) from Nicotiana tabacum, which is involved in the hypersensitive reaction. While in N. tabacum, TOGT glucosylated scopoletin after treatment with salicylate, fungal elicitors and the tobacco mosaic virus, NbUGT73A24 and NbUGT73A25 produced glucosides of phytoalexin N-feruloyl tyramine, which may strengthen cell walls to prevent the intrusion of pathogens, and flavonols after agroinfiltration of the corresponding genes in N. benthamiana. Enzymatic glucosylation of fractions of a physiological aglycone library confirmed the biological substrates of UGTs. In addition, overexpression of both genes in N. benthamiana produced clear lesions on the leaves and led to a significantly reduced content of pathogen-induced plant metabolites such as phenylalanine and tryptophan. Our results revealed some additional biological functions of TOGT enzymes and indicated a multifunctional role of UGTs in plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Sun
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Strebl
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Maximilian Merz
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Robert Blamberg
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Fong-Chin Huang
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Kate McGraphery
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Galeano Garcia P, Neves Dos Santos F, Zanotta S, Eberlin MN, Carazzone C. Metabolomics of Solanum lycopersicum Infected with Phytophthora infestans Leads to Early Detection of Late Blight in Asymptomatic Plants. Molecules 2018; 23:E3330. [PMID: 30558273 PMCID: PMC6320815 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato crops suffer attacks of various pathogens that cause large production losses. Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a devastating disease in tomatoes because of its difficultly to control. Here, we applied metabolomics based on liquid chromatography⁻mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and metabolic profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) in combination with multivariate data analysis in the early detection of late blight on asymptomatic tomato plants and to discriminate infection times of 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 96 h after inoculation (hpi). MALDI-MS and LC-MS profiles of metabolites combined with multivariate data analysis are able to detect early-late blight-infected tomato plants, and metabolomics based on LC-MS discriminates infection times in asymptomatic plants. We found the metabolite tomatidine as an important biomarker of infection, saponins as early infection metabolite markers and isocoumarin as early and late asymptomatic infection marker along the post infection time. MALDI-MS and LC-MS analysis can therefore be used as a rapid and effective method for the early detection of late blight-infected tomato plants, offering a suitable tool to guide the correct management and application of sanitary defense approaches. LC-MS analysis also appears to be a suitable tool for identifying major metabolites of asymptomatic late blight-infected tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Galeano Garcia
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
- Bioprospección de los Productos Naturales Amazónicos, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180002, Colombia.
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Neves Dos Santos
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Samantha Zanotta
- Laboratório de Diagnostico Fitopatológico, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo 04014-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Chiara Carazzone
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
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Ding M, Jiang Y, Yu X, Zhang D, Li J, Wang H, Shen J, Gao XM, Chang YX. Screening of Combinatorial Quality Markers for Natural Products by Metabolomics Coupled With Chemometrics. A Case Study on Pollen Typhae. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:691. [PMID: 30002628 PMCID: PMC6033115 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products, especially for traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), are of great importance to cure diseases. Yet it was hard to screen the influential quality markers for monitoring the quality. A simple and comprehensive strategy was developed and validated to screen for the combinatorial quality markers for precise quality evaluation and discrimination of natural products. In this study, Pollen Typhae (PT) and it's processed products carbonized PT were selected as the representative case. Firstly, metabolomics data of 49 batches crude PT and carbonized PT was obtained by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). Then, metabolomics approaches were performed to screen for the potential markers that lead to the quality difference. Finally, chemometric methods were used to validate the accuracy of combinatorial quality markers. Thus, 42 compounds were identified from PT, 5 markers (isorhamnetin-3-O-(2G-α-L-rhamnosyl)-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside, astragalin, kaempferol and umbelliferone) were successfully screened, identified, quantified and regarded as combinatorial quality markers for precise quality evaluation of crude and carbonized PT. It was demonstrated that the established comprehensively strategy provide an efficient tool for precise quality evaluation of natural products from the whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingya Ding
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiean Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayuan Shen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiu-mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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da Silva GS, Canuto KM, Ribeiro PRV, de Brito ES, Nascimento MM, Zocolo GJ, Coutinho JP, de Jesus RM. Chemical profiling of guarana seeds ( Paullinia cupana ) from different geographical origins using UPLC-QTOF-MS combined with chemometrics. Food Res Int 2017; 102:700-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Shinde BA, Dholakia BB, Hussain K, Panda S, Meir S, Rogachev I, Aharoni A, Giri AP, Kamble AC. Dynamic metabolic reprogramming of steroidal glycol-alkaloid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis may impart early blight resistance in wild tomato (Solanum arcanum Peralta). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:411-423. [PMID: 28980117 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Exploration with high throughput leaf metabolomics along with functional genomics in wild tomato unreveal potential role of steroidal glyco-alkaloids and phenylpropanoids during early blight resistance. Alternaria solani severely affects tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield causing early blight (EB) disease in tropical environment. Wild relative, Solanum arcanum Peralta could be a potential source of EB resistance; however, its underlying molecular mechanism largely remains unexplored. Hence, non-targeted metabolomics was applied on resistant and susceptible S. arcanum accessions upon A. solani inoculation to unravel metabolic dynamics during different stages of disease progression. Total 2047 potential metabolite peaks (mass signals) were detected of which 681 and 684 metabolites revealed significant modulation and clear differentiation in resistant and susceptible accessions, respectively. Majority of the EB-triggered metabolic changes were active from steroidal glycol-alkaloid (SGA), lignin and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Further, biochemical and gene expression analyses of key enzymes from these pathways positively correlated with phenotypic variation in the S. arcanum accessions indicating their potential role in EB. Additionally, transcription factors regulating lignin biosynthesis were also up-regulated in resistant plants and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed sequence-specific binding of rSaWRKY1 with MYB20 promoter. Moreover, transcript accumulation of key genes from phenylpropanoid and SGA pathways along with WRKY and MYB in WRKY1 transgenic tomato lines supported above findings. Overall, this study highlights vital roles of SGAs as phytoalexins and phenylpropanoids along with lignin accumulation unrevealing possible mechanistic basis of EB resistance in wild tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balkrishna A Shinde
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bhushan B Dholakia
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Sayantan Panda
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
| | - Avinash C Kamble
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
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23
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Kim MS, Seo JY, Oh J, Jang YK, Lee CH, Kim JS. Neuroprotective Effect of Halophyte Salicornia herbacea L. Is Mediated by Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Mouse Hippocampal HT22 Cells. J Med Food 2017; 20:140-151. [PMID: 28146411 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicornia herbacea L. (glasswort, tungtungmadi in Korean), a halophyte that grows in salt marshes and muddy seashores along the western coast of Korea, has been used as a seasoning vegetable and a folk medicine for intestinal ailments, nephropathy, and hepatitis. As the salt-tolerant herb was reported to contain antioxidants, including tungtungmadic acid, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid, we hypothesized that the ethanolic extract of S. herbacea L. (SH extract) enriched with antioxidative compounds will have neuroprotective activity. The herbal extract and its methylene chloride (MC) fraction showed a strong protective effect against glutamate-induced cell death in murine hippocampal HT22 cells. In addition, SH extract and MC fraction not only scavenged reactive oxygen species efficiently but also caused nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and subsequently significant induction of antioxidant enzymes such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and glutathione reductase. Inhibition of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1 by tin protoporphyrin abolished the neuroprotective effect of the SH extract, suggesting an important role of HO-1 in protection against glutamate-induced neural damage. Metabolite profiling for ethanolic extract and solvent fractions of the herb suggested that diosmetin and a few unidentified compounds were responsible for the neuroprotective effect. Taken together, SH extract and its MC fraction exhibited a neuroprotective effect through Nrf2-mediated induction of antioxidant enzymes, such as HO-1, and warrant further in vivo and clinical studies to confirm its effects and potentially develop a neuroprotective salt substitute or dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Kim
- 1 School of Food Science and Biotechnology and BK21 Plus Program, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Seo
- 1 School of Food Science and Biotechnology and BK21 Plus Program, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- 1 School of Food Science and Biotechnology and BK21 Plus Program, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Jang
- 2 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- 2 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- 1 School of Food Science and Biotechnology and BK21 Plus Program, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Dunkle MN, Yoshimura Y, T Kindt R, Ortiz A, Masugi E, Mitsui K, David F, Sandra P, Sandra K. Lipidomics of tobacco leaf and cigarette smoke. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1439:54-64. [PMID: 26585203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Detailed lipidomics experiments were performed on the extracts of cured tobacco leaf and of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) using high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF MS). Following automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) fractionation of the lipid extracts, over 350 lipids could be annotated. From a large-scale study on 22 different leaf samples, it was determined that differentiation based on curing type was possible for both the tobacco leaf and the CSC extracts. Lipids responsible for the classification were identified and the findings were correlated to proteomics data acquired from the same tobacco leaf samples. Prediction models were constructed based on the lipid profiles observed in the 22 leaf samples and successfully allowed for curing type classification of new tobacco leaves. A comparison of the leaf and CSC data provided insight into the lipidome changes that occur during the smoking process. It was determined that lipids which survive the smoking process retain the same curing type trends in both the tobacco leaf and CSC data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa N Dunkle
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Yuta Yoshimura
- Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka Aoba-ku Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 227-8512, Japan
| | - Ruben T Kindt
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Alexia Ortiz
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Eri Masugi
- Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka Aoba-ku Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 227-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Mitsui
- Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka Aoba-ku Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 227-8512, Japan
| | - Frank David
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Pat Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koen Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
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25
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Sensitive characterization of polyphenolic antioxidants in Polygonatum odoratum by selective solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 112:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Tata A, Perez CJ, Hamid TS, Bayfield MA, Ifa DR. Analysis of metabolic changes in plant pathosystems by imprint imaging DESI-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:641-8. [PMID: 25510927 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The response of plants to microbial pathogens is based on the production of secondary metabolites. The complexity of plant-pathogen interactions makes their understanding a challenging task for metabolomic studies requiring powerful analytical approaches. In this paper, the ability of ambient mass spectrometry to provide a snapshot of plant metabolic response to pathogen invasion was tested. The fluctuations of glycoalkaloids present in sprouted potatoes infected by the phytopathogen Pythium ultimum were monitored by imprint imaging desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). After 8 d from the inoculation, a decrease of the relative abundance of potato glycoalkaloids α-solanine (m/z 706) and α-chaconine (m/z 722) was observed, whereas the relative intensity of solanidine (m/z 398), solasodenone (m/z 412), solanaviol (m/z 430), solasodiene (m/z 396), solaspiralidine (m/z 428), γ-solanine/γ-chaconine (m/z 560) , β-solanine (m/z 706), and β-chaconine (m/z 722) increased. The progression of the disease, expressed by the development of brown necrotic lesions on the potato, led to the further decrease of all the glycoalkaloid metabolites. Therefore, the applicability of imprint imaging DESI-MS in studying the plant metabolic changes in a simple pathosystem was demonstrated with minimal sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tata
- Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Emwas AHM, Al-Talla ZA, Kharbatia NM. Sample collection and preparation of biofluids and extracts for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1277:75-90. [PMID: 25677148 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2377-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To maximize the utility of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in metabonomics research, all stages of the experimental design should be standardized, including sample collection, storage, preparation, and sample separation. Moreover, the prerequisite for any GC-MS analysis is that a compound must be volatile and thermally stable if it is to be analyzed using this technique. Since many metabolites are nonvolatile and polar in nature, they are not readily amenable to analysis by GC-MS and require initial chemical derivatization of the polar functional groups in order to reduce the polarity and to increase the thermal stability and volatility of the analytes. In this chapter, an overview is presented of the optimum approach to sample collection, storage, and preparation for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabonomics with particular focus on urine samples as example of biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hamid M Emwas
- NMR Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Room 0149, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
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28
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Häusler RE, Ludewig F, Krueger S. Amino acids--a life between metabolism and signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 229:225-237. [PMID: 25443849 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids serve as constituents of proteins, precursors for anabolism, and, in some cases, as signaling molecules in mammalians and plants. This review is focused on new insights, or speculations, on signaling functions of serine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and phenylalanine-derived phenylpropanoids. Serine acts as signal in brain tissue and mammalian cancer cells. In plants, de novo serine biosynthesis is also highly active in fast growing tissues such as meristems, suggesting a similar role of serine as in mammalians. GABA functions as inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. In plants, GABA is also abundant and seems to be involved in sexual reproduction, cell elongation, patterning and cell identity. The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are precursors for the production of secondary plant products. Besides their pharmaceutical value, lignans, neolignans and hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAA) deriving from phenylpropanoid metabolism and, in the case of HCAA, also from arginine have been shown to fulfill signaling functions or are involved in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. Although some basics on phenylpropanoid-derived signaling have been described, little is known on recognition- or signal transduction mechanisms. In general, mutant- and transgenic approaches will be helpful to elucidate the mechanistic basis of metabolite signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer E Häusler
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Frank Ludewig
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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29
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Wi SJ, Seo SY, Cho K, Nam MH, Park KY. Lysophosphatidylcholine enhances susceptibility in signaling pathway against pathogen infection through biphasic production of reactive oxygen species and ethylene in tobacco plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 104:48-59. [PMID: 24837357 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It was previously reported that the amounts of lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs), which are naturally occurring bioactive lipid molecules, significantly increase following pathogen inoculation, as determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight/mass spectrometry analyses. Here, real-time quantitative RT-PCR was performed for the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) genes, Nt1PLA2 and Nt2PLA2, which are responsible for LysoPCs generation. The transcription level of Nt2PLA2 in pathogen-infected tobacco plants transiently peaked at 1h and 36 h, whereas induction of Nt1PLA2 transcription peaked at 36 h. A prominent biphasic ROS accumulation in lysoPC (C18:1(9Z))-treated tobacco leaves was also observed. Transcription of NtRbohD, a gene member of NADPH oxidase, showed biphasic kinetics upon lysoPC 18:1 treatment, as evidenced by an early transient peak in phase I at 1h and a massive peak in phase II at 12h. Each increase in NtACS2 and NtACS4 transcription, gene members of the ACC synthase family, was followed by biphasic peaks of ethylene production after lysoPC 18:1 treatment. This suggested that lysoPC (C18:1)-induced ethylene production was regulated at the transcriptional level of time-dependent gene members. LysoPC 18:1 treatment also rapidly induced cell damage. LysoPC 18:1-induced cell death was almost completely abrogated in ROS generation-impaired transgenic plants (rbohD-as and rbohF-as), ethylene production-impaired transgenic plants (CAS-AS and CAO-AS), and ethylene signaling-impaired transgenic plants (Ein3-AS), respectively. Taken together, pathogen-induced lysoPCs enhance pathogen susceptibility accompanied by ROS and ethylene biosynthesis, resulting in chlorophyll degradation and cell death. Expression of PR genes (PR1-a, PR-3, and PR-4b) and LOX3 was strongly induced in lysoPC 18:1-treated leaves, indicating the involvement of lysoPC 18:1 in the defense response. However, lysoPC 18:1 treatment eventually resulted in cell death, as evidenced by metacaspase gene expression. Therefore, a hypothesis is proposed that the antipathogenic potential of lysoPC 18:1 is dependent on how quickly it is removed from cells for avoidance of lysoPC toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Wi
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Chonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - So yeon Seo
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Chonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Cho
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Nam
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Ky Young Park
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Chonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Schuck S, Kallenbach M, Baldwin IT, Bonaventure G. The Nicotiana attenuata GLA1 lipase controls the accumulation of Phytophthora parasitica-induced oxylipins and defensive secondary metabolites. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1703-15. [PMID: 24450863 PMCID: PMC4190502 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana attenuata plants silenced in the expression of GLYCEROLIPASE A1 (ir-gla1 plants) are compromised in the herbivore- and wound-induced accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA). However, these plants accumulate wild-type (WT) levels of JA and divinyl-ethers during Phytophthora parasitica infection. By profiling oxylipin-enriched fractions with targeted and untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry approaches, we demonstrate that the accumulation of 9-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (9-OH-18:2) and additional C18 and C19 oxylipins is reduced by ca. 20-fold in P. parasitica-infected ir-gla1 leaves compared with WT. This reduced accumulation of oxylipins was accompanied by a reduced accumulation of unsaturated free fatty acids and specific lysolipid species. Untargeted metabolic profiling of total leaf extracts showed that 87 metabolites accumulated differentially in leaves of P. parasitica-infected ir-gla1 plants with glycerolipids, hydroxylated-diterpene glycosides and phenylpropanoid derivatives accounting together for ca. 20% of these 87 metabolites. Thus, P. parasitica-induced oxylipins may participate in the regulation of metabolic changes during infection. Together, the results demonstrate that GLA1 plays a distinct role in the production of oxylipins during biotic stress responses, supplying substrates for 9-OH-18:2 and additional C18 and C19 oxylipin formation during P. parasitica infection, whereas supplying substrates for the biogenesis of JA during herbivory and mechanical wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schuck
- Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mario Kallenbach
- Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T. Baldwin
- Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Gustavo Bonaventure
- Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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31
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Cho K, Kim Y, Wi SJ, Seo JB, Kwon J, Chung JH, Park KY, Nam MH. Metabolic survey of defense responses to a compatible hemibiotroph, Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, in ethylene signaling-impaired tobacco. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8477-89. [PMID: 23866065 DOI: 10.1021/jf401785w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ethylene play an important role in determining the resistance or susceptibility of plants to pathogen attack. A previous study of the response of tobacco cultivar ( Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38) to a compatible hemibiotroph, Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn) showed that biphasic bursts of ROS and ethylene are positively associated with disease severity. The levels of ethylene and ROS might influence the susceptibility of plants to pathogens, with changing levels of metabolite related to disease resistance or susceptibility. In this study, to obtain more detailed information on the interaction of ROS and ethylene signaling related to resistance and/or susceptibility of plants to pathogen, Ppn-induced metabolic profiles from wild type (WT) and ethylene signaling-impaired transgenic plants that expressed Ein3 antisense (Ein3-AS) were compared using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). Nonredundant mass ions (576 in ESI+ mode and 336 in ESI- mode) were selected, and 56 mass ions were identified on the basis of their accurate mass ions and MS/MS spectra. Two-way hierarchical clustering analysis of the selected mass ions revealed that nicotine and phenylpropanoid-polyamine conjugates, such as caffeoyl-dihydrocaffeoyl-spermidine, dicaffeoyl-spermidine, caffeoyl-feruloyl-spermidine, and two bis(dihydrocaffeoyl)-spermine isomers, and their intermediates, such as arginine and putrecine, were present at lower levels in Ein3-AS transgenic plants during Ppn interaction than in WT, whereas galactolipid and oxidized free fatty acid levels were higher in Ein3-AS transgenic plants. Taken together, these results reveal a function for ethylene signaling in tobacco defense responses during Ppn interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungwon Cho
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) , Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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32
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Park SY, Lim SH, Ha SH, Yeo Y, Park WT, Kwon DY, Park SU, Kim JK. Metabolite profiling approach reveals the interface of primary and secondary metabolism in colored cauliflowers (Brassica oleracea L. ssp. botrytis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6999-7007. [PMID: 23782237 DOI: 10.1021/jf401330e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids of cauliflowers ( Brassica oleracea L. ssp. botrytis) with various colored florets (white, yellow, green, and purple) were characterized to determine their phytochemical diversity. Additionally, 48 metabolites comprising amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols were identified using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). Carotenoid content was considerably higher in green cauliflower; anthocyanins were detected only in purple cauliflower. Phenolic acids were higher in both green and purple cauliflower. Results of partial least-squares discriminant, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical clustering analyses showed that green cauliflower is distinct on the basis of the high levels of amino acids and clusters derived from common or closely related biochemical pathways. These results suggest that GC-TOFMS-based metabolite profiling, combined with chemometrics, is a useful tool for determining phenotypic variation and identifying metabolic networks connecting primary and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yun Park
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
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