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Zhou L, Xiao M, Li Y, Chitrakar B, Sheng Q, Zhao W. Ursolic Acid Ameliorates Alcoholic Liver Injury through Attenuating Oxidative Stress-Mediated Ferroptosis and Modulating Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:21181-21192. [PMID: 39277869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a triterpenoid found in plants, has many health benefits for liver function. However, understanding how UA intervenes in alcohol-induced ferroptosis remains unclear because of the lack of research. This study explored the protective effects of UA on alcohol-induced liver injury and further elucidated its mechanism of action. Using a mouse model, acute liver injury was induced via high-dose alcohol gavage, and UA's protective effects were assessed by analyzing serum and liver indicators. The results indicated that UA has a significant protective effect against alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. UA significantly decreased serum ALT, AST, TC, and TG levels. Histopathological examination revealed that UA significantly ameliorated liver damage. UA increased ADH, ALDH, and CYP2E1 enzyme expression levels and alleviated alcohol-induced oxidative damage by regulating alcohol metabolism. Moreover, UA increased SOD and GSH-Px levels and lowered the MDA levels in the liver. Furthermore, UA regulated ACC expression by activating the LKB1/AMPK pathway, thereby inhibiting lipid synthesis and peroxidation. UA also upregulated the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 in the liver and exerted hepatoprotective effects by inhibiting alcohol-induced ferroptosis. Additionally, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that excessive alcohol consumption significantly affected the composition of the mouse gut microbiota, with UA intervention proving to be beneficial for improving gut microbiota imbalance. We also validated the protective effects of UA on alcohol-treated HepG2 cells at the cellular level. In summary, these results revealed that UA can alleviate alcoholic liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated ferroptosis and regulating gut microbiota. These findings suggest that UA may serve as a functional component in the prevention of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfu Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Miao Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Bimal Chitrakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qinghai Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
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Bencheikh N, Elbouzidi A, Baraich A, Bouhrim M, Azeroual A, Addi M, Mothana RA, Al-Yousef HM, Eto B, Elachouri M. Ethnobotanical survey and scientific validation of liver-healing plants in northeastern Morocco. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1414190. [PMID: 39318777 PMCID: PMC11420034 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1414190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Liver diseases represent a significant global health challenge, with primary causes including excessive alcohol consumption, infections, chemotherapy, and autoimmune disorders. Medicinal plants, due to their natural bioactive compounds, hold promise for developing effective treatments and preventive measures against liver ailments. This study aimed to document the use of herbal remedies in northeastern Morocco for liver diseases and correlate these uses with scientific evidence through a bibliometric analysis. Methods An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in remote communities of northeastern Morocco from October 2020 to January 2022. A total of 189 informants were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires to gather information on local medicinal plants used for liver ailments. The data were analyzed using four ethnobotanical quantitative indices: use value (UV), familial use value (FUV), informant consensus factor (ICF), and fidelity level (FL). Additionally, a bibliometric analysis was performed to evaluate the scientific support for the ethnopharmacological uses documented. Results The survey identified 45 plant species from 26 different families used in the treatment of liver diseases. The most frequently utilized species were Cuminum cyminum L. (UV = 0.1065), Allium sativum L. (UV = 0.1015), Salvia officinalis L. (UV = 0.0761), Asparagus officinalis L. (UV = 0.0558), and Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. (UV = 0.0457). The Apiaceae family showed the highest familial use value (FUV = 0.1066), followed by Alliaceae (FUV = 0.1015). Liver congestion had the highest informant consensus factor (ICF = 0.83), followed by hepatic colic (ICF = 0.80). Bibliometric analysis revealed that 61% of the plants identified had documented pharmacological effects related to liver health. Discussion The study demonstrates that traditional knowledge in northeastern Morocco encompasses a rich diversity of medicinal plants used to treat liver diseases. The high ICF values indicate a strong consensus among informants on the efficacy of these remedies. The correlation between ethnopharmacological use and scientific validation for a significant portion of these plants suggests their potential as reliable therapeutic agents for liver conditions. However, further scientific investigations are necessary to confirm their efficacy and safety in clinical settings. This research contributes valuable information for future studies on the therapeutic potential of these plants. Conclusion This ethnobotanical survey provides a comprehensive database of medicinal plants used in northeastern Morocco for liver diseases. The findings highlight the potential of these plants in developing novel treatments for hepatic conditions, although further research is essential to substantiate their therapeutic claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine Bencheikh
- Agri-Food and Health Laboratory (AFHL), École Supérieure Normale, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco
| | - Amine Elbouzidi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Baraich
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Functional and Pathological Biology, University Sultan Moulay Slimane Faculty of Sciences and Technology Beni Mellal, Meknes, Morocco
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhamid Azeroual
- Agri-Food and Health Laboratory (AFHL), École Supérieure Normale, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M. Al-Yousef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruno Eto
- Laboratories TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mostafa Elachouri
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
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Jin Z, Wang X. Traditional Chinese medicine and plant-derived natural products in regulating triglyceride metabolism: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107387. [PMID: 39216839 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiometabolic disease is increasing globally, with a trend toward younger age of onset. Among these, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the efficacy of traditional lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins, in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, a significant residual risk of cardiovascular events remains, which is closely related to unmet triglyceride (TG) targets. The clinical application of current TG-lowering Western medicines has certain limitations, necessitating alternative or complementary therapeutic strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and plant-derived natural products, known for their safety owing to their natural origins and diverse biological activities, offer promising avenues for TG regulation with potentially fewer side effects. This review systematically summarises the mechanisms of TG metabolism and subsequently reviews the regulatory effects of TCM and plant-derived natural products on TG metabolism, including the inhibition of TG synthesis (via endogenous and exogenous pathways), promotion of TG catabolism, regulation of fatty acid absorption and transport, enhancement of lipophagy, modulation of the gut microbiota, and other mechanisms. In conclusion, through a comprehensive analysis of recent studies, this review consolidates the multifaceted regulatory roles of TCM and plant-derived natural products in TG metabolism and elucidates their potential as safer, multi-target therapeutic agents in managing hypertriglyceridemia and mitigating cardiovascular risk, thereby providing a basis for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Jin
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Xu G, Pan H, Fan L, Zhang L, Li J, Cheng S, Meng L, Shen N, Liu Y, Li Y, Huang T, Zhou L. Dietary Betaine Improves Glucose Metabolism in Obese Mice. J Nutr 2024; 154:1309-1320. [PMID: 38417550 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity caused by the overconsumption of energy-dense foods high in fat and sugar has contributed to the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Betaine, found in food or supplements, has been found to lower blood glucose concentrations, but its exact mechanism of action is not well understood. OBJECTIVES A comprehensive evaluation of the potential mechanisms by which betaine supplementation improves glucose metabolism. METHODS Hyperglycemic mice were fed betaine to measure the indexes of glucose metabolism in the liver and muscle. To explore the mechanism behind the regulation of betaine on glucose metabolism, Ribonucleic Acid-Seq was used to analyze the livers of the mice. In vitro, HepG2 and C2C12 cells were treated with betaine to more comprehensively evaluate the effect of betaine on glucose metabolism. RESULTS Betaine was added to the drinking water of high-fat diet-induced mice, and it was found to reduce blood glucose concentrations and liver triglyceride concentrations without affecting body weight, confirming its hypoglycemic effect. To investigate the specific mechanism underlying its hypoglycemic effect, protein-protein interaction enrichment analysis of the liver revealed key nodes associated with glucose metabolism, including cytochrome P450 family activity, insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and triglyceride concentrations. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene ontogeny enrichment analyses showed significant enrichment of the Notch signaling pathway. These results provided bioinformatic evidence for specific pathways through which betaine regulates glucose metabolism. Key enzyme activities involved in glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and glycogenolysis pathways of the liver and muscle were measured, and improvements were observed in these pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insight into the mechanisms by which betaine improves glucose metabolism in the liver and muscle and supports its potential as a drug for the treatment of metabolic disorders related to glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiao Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Hongyuan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Shimei Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Libing Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Nana Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Yixing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tengda Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
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Musolino V, Macrì R, Cardamone A, Tucci L, Serra M, Lupia C, Maurotti S, Mare R, Nucera S, Guarnieri L, Marrelli M, Coppoletta AR, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Mollace V. Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (Lamiaceae) Hydroalcoholic Extract: Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Evaluation of Fatty Acid Accumulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3306. [PMID: 37765470 PMCID: PMC10536996 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. is a native Mediterranean shrub belonging to the Lamiaceae family and is well-known as a flavoring and spicing agent. In addition to its classical use, it has drawn attention because its biological activities, due particularly to the presence of polyphenols, including carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, and phenolic diterpenes as carnosol. In this study, the aerial part of rosemary was extracted with a hydroalcoholic solution through maceration, followed by ultrasound sonication, to obtain a terpenoids-rich Salvia rosmarinus extract (TRSrE) and a polyphenols-rich Salvia rosmarinus extract (PRSrE). After phytochemical characterization, both extracts were investigated for their antioxidant activity through a classical assay and with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for their DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging. Finally, their potential beneficial effects to reduce lipid accumulation in an in vitro model of NAFLD were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Maria Serra
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rosario Mare
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
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Li S, Hao L, Hu X. Natural products target glycolysis in liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1242955. [PMID: 37663261 PMCID: PMC10469892 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1242955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the occurrence and development of different liver diseases. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) dysfunction and production of reactive oxygen species are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, forcing glycolysis to become the main source of energy metabolism of liver cells. Moreover, glycolysis is also enhanced to varying degrees in different liver diseases, especially in liver cancer. Therefore, targeting the glycolytic signaling pathway provides a new strategy for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis associated with liver cancer. Natural products regulate many steps of glycolysis, and targeting glycolysis with natural products is a promising cancer treatment. In this review, we have mainly illustrated the relationship between glycolysis and liver disease, natural products can work by targeting key enzymes in glycolysis and their associated proteins, so understanding how natural products regulate glycolysis can help clarify the therapeutic mechanisms these drugs use to inhibit liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Hao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chauhan S, Singh AP, Rana AC, Kumar S, Kumar R, Singh J, Jangra A, Kumar D. Natural activators of AMPK signaling: potential role in the management of type-2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:47-59. [PMID: 37255783 PMCID: PMC10225395 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase involved in the homeostasis of cellular energy. AMPK has developed as an appealing clinical target for the diagnosis of multiple metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, inflammation, and cancer. Genetic and pharmacological studies indicate that AMPK is needed in response to glucose deficiency, dietary restriction, and increased physical activity for preserving glucose homeostasis. After activation, AMPK influences metabolic mechanisms contributing to enhanced ATP production, thus growing processes that absorb ATP simultaneously. In this review, several natural products have been discussed which enhance the sensitivity of AMPK and alleviate sub complications or different pathways by which such AMPK triggers can be addressed. AMPK Natural products as potential AMPK activators can be developed as alternate pharmacological intervention to reverse metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyogita Chauhan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
| | - Aakash Partap Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
| | - Avtar Chand Rana
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Haryana 122502 Rewari, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, 123031 Haryana India
| | - Jitender Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IET Bhaddal Technical Campus, P.O. Mianpur, Ropar, 140108 Punjab India
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
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Fareed SA, Yousef EM, Abd El-Moneam SM. Assessment of Effects of Rosemary Essential Oil on the Kidney Pathology of Diabetic Adult Male Albino Rats. Cureus 2023; 15:e35736. [PMID: 37016650 PMCID: PMC10067024 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy is a severe condition that causes persistent kidney problems and chronic renal failure. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L) is widely recognized for its antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, hepatoprotective, and anticancer activities. The current study evaluated rosemary essential oil (REO) effects on biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical kidney alterations in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and compared these effects with those of insulin and both combined. Methods We randomly distributed 36 adult albino rats into 6 groups: normal control (non-diabetic), diabetic (streptozotocin, 55 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), diabetic insulin-treated (Lantus insulin 2 units/day, SC), diabetic REO-treated (REO, 10 ml, nasogastric gavage), and diabetic insulin & REO-treated groups. Biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted. Results The diabetic group revealed a substantial increase in blood glucose, urea, creatinine, and uric acid, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) concentrations in kidney homogenates, high score of tubular injury, and increased glomerulosclerosis, along with marked reduction of total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) when compared to control. Evident improvement was detected in rats treated with REO as it demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-proliferative, and mild anti-hyperglycemic effects on diabetic rats, reducing the kidney damage caused by diabetes. Combined insulin and REO restored normal blood glucose, renal excretory function tests, antioxidant markers, and renal cortex histology. Conclusion The data presented in the current study's in vivo animal model suggests that REO supplementation has beneficial nephroprotective effects on the structural and, to a lesser extent, functional levels of diabetic rats. Furthermore, the detected nephroprotective effects of insulin and REO combined are superior to those of either administered alone. However, further studies are needed to evaluate these conclusions in humans further.
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Omale S, Amagon KI, Johnson TO, Bremner SK, Gould GW. A systematic analysis of anti-diabetic medicinal plants from cells to clinical trials. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14639. [PMID: 36627919 PMCID: PMC9826616 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing health emergencies of the 21st century, placing a severe economic burden on many countries. Current management approaches have improved diabetic care, but several limitations still exist, such as decreased efficacy, adverse effects, and the high cost of treatment, particularly for developing nations. There is, therefore, a need for more cost-effective therapies for diabetes management. The evidence-based application of phytochemicals from plants in the management of diseases is gaining traction. Methodology Various plants and plant parts have been investigated as antidiabetic agents. This review sought to collate and discuss published data on the cellular and molecular effects of medicinal plants and phytochemicals on insulin signaling pathways to better understand the current trend in using plant products in the management of diabetes. Furthermore, we explored available information on medicinal plants that consistently produced hypoglycemic effects from isolated cells to animal studies and clinical trials. Results There is substantial literature describing the effects of a range of plant extracts on insulin action and insulin signaling, revealing a depth in knowledge of molecular detail. Our exploration also reveals effective antidiabetic actions in animal studies, and clear translational potential evidenced by clinical trials. Conclusion We suggest that this area of research should be further exploited in the search for novel therapeutics for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Omale
- African Centre for Excellence in Phytomedicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy I. Amagon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Titilayo O. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Shaun Kennedy Bremner
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gwyn W. Gould
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Arrout A, El Ghallab Y, El Otmani IS, Said AAH. Ethnopharmacological survey of plants prescribed by herbalists for traditional treatment of hypercholesterolemia in Casablanca, Morocco. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yao Y, Liu Y, Li C, Huang X, Zhang X, Deng P, Jiang G, Dai Q. Effects of rosemary extract supplementation in feed on growth performance, meat quality, serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, and immune function of meat ducks. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102357. [PMID: 36502565 PMCID: PMC9763849 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of diets supplemented with different levels of rosemary extract (RE) on the growth performance, meat quality, serum biochemistry, antioxidative capacity, and immunological capacity of Cherry Valley meat ducks. A total of 525 healthy Cherry Valley female meat ducks at 1 d of age were selected for this study. Ducks were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 7 replicates per treatment, and each replicate had 15 ducks. All replicates were randomly assigned to treatments. The study was designed as a dose response experiment. Treatment 1 (CON) was fed with the basal diet, and Treatment 2 to 5 (RE250, RE500, RE750, RE1000) were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 g/t RE, respectively. The whole experiment lasted 42 days with early stage (1-21 d) and late stage (22-42 d). Results showed that during 22 to 42 d, ducks that were fed over 500 g/t RE had significantly lower feed gain ratio than the ones in CON (P = 0.006). In addition, ducks in RE750 had significantly lower L* and a* in leg muscle compared with the ones in CON (P < 0.05). Besides, ducks that were fed between 250 and 750 g/t RE had significantly lower total protein level in serum compared with the ones in CON (P = 0.005). Ducks in RE250 and RE750 had significantly lower albumin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in serum compared with the ones in CON and RE1000 (P < 0.05), and significant quadratic relationships were noticed between albumin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and dietary RE level (P < 0.05). Moreover, ducks that were fed between 500 and 750 g/t RE had significantly higher levels of interleukin-2 in serum compared to the ones in CON and RE1000 (P = 0.003). Ducks in RE250 and RE750 had significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin G in serum compared to the ones in CON and RE1000 (P < 0.001). Ducks that were fed over 500 g/t RE had significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin A in serum compared to the ones in CON (P = 0.001). Finally, ducks that were fed between 500 and 750 g/t RE had significantly higher serum levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) compared to the ones in CON. Ducks that were fed over 250 g/t RE had significantly lower serum level of malondialdehyde compared to the ones in CON (P = 0.020). Collectively, dietary supplementation of RE improved the growth performance and meat qualities of meat ducks during 22 to 42 d, which were possibly associated with the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of RE. Based on the serum antioxidative and immunological parameters, we suggested that 500 to 750 g/t was the optimal supplementation rate for RE in diets for meat ducks aged 22 to 42 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhou Yao
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, 410131, China,Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Guitao Jiang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Qiuzhong Dai
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, 410131, China,Corresponding author.
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12
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Bouzas A, Gómez de Cedrón M, Colmenarejo G, Laparra-Llopis JM, Moreno-Rubio J, Montoya JJ, Reglero G, Casado E, Tabares B, Sereno M, Ramírez de Molina A. Phenolic diterpenes from Rosemary supercritical extract inhibit non-small cell lung cancer lipid metabolism and synergise with therapeutic drugs in the clinic. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1046369. [PMID: 36439419 PMCID: PMC9682134 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1046369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lung cancer is one of the most deadly and common cancers in the world. The molecular features of patient's tumours dictate the different therapeutic decisions, which combines targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Altered cellular metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Tumour cells reprogram their metabolism to adapt to their novel requirements of growth, proliferation, and survival. Together with the Warburg effect, the role of lipid metabolism alterations in cancer development and prognosis has been highlighted. Several lipid related genes have been shown to promote transformation and progression of cancer cells and have been proposed as biomarkers for prognosis. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of the regulation of lipid metabolism and the biological consequences in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been elucidated yet. There is an urgent necessity to develop multidisciplinary and complementary strategies to improve NSCLC patients´ well-being and treatment response. Nutrients can directly affect fundamental cellular processes and some diet-derived ingredients, bioactive natural compounds and natural extracts have been shown to inhibit the tumour growth in preclinical and clinical trials. Previously, we described a supercritical extract of rosemary (SFRE) (12 - 16% composition of phenolic diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol) as a potential antitumoral agent in colon and breast cancer due to its effects on the inhibition of lipid metabolism and DNA synthesis, and in the reduction of resistance to 5-FluoroUracil (5-FU). Herein, we demonstrate SFRE inhibits NSCLC cell bioenergetics identifying several lipid metabolism implicated targets. Moreover, SFRE synergises with standard therapeutic drugs used in the clinic, such as cisplatin, pemetrexed and pembrolizumab to inhibit of cell viability of NSCLC cells. Importantly, the clinical relevance of SFRE as a complement in the treatment of NSCLC patients is suggested based on the results of a pilot clinical trial where SFRE formulated with bioactive lipids (PCT/ES2017/070263) diminishes metabolic and inflammatory targets in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), such as MAPK (p=0.04), NLRP3 (p=0.044), and SREBF1 (p=0.047), which may augment the immune antitumour function. Based on these results, SFRE merits further investigation as a co-adjuvant in the treatment of NSCLC. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05080920.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Bouzas
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- CANAAN Research & Investment Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Colmenarejo
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Moreno-Rubio
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Montoya
- CANAAN Research & Investment Group, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC.UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Casado
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Tabares
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sereno
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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13
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The Potential of Lamiaceae Herbs for Mitigation of Overweight, Obesity, and Fatty Liver: Studies and Perspectives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155043. [PMID: 35956991 PMCID: PMC9370348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous plants, plant extracts, and plant-derived compounds are being explored for their beneficial effects against overweight and liver diseases. Obesity is associated with the increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), becoming the most common liver disease in Western countries. Obesity and NAFLD are closely associated with many other metabolic alternations such as insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. Many herbs of the Lamiaceae family are widely employed as food and spices in the Mediterranean area, but also in folk medicine, and their use for the management of metabolic disorders is well documented. Hereby, we summarized the scientific results of the medicinal and nutraceutical potential of plants from the Lamiaceae family for prevention and mitigation of overweight and fatty liver. The evidence indicates that Lamiaceae plants may be a cost-effective source of nutraceuticals and/or phytochemicals to be used in the management of metabolic-related conditions such as obesity and NAFLD. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder were accessed to collect data on traditional medicinal plants, compounds derived from plants, their reported anti-obesity mechanisms, and therapeutic targets.
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14
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Arulkumar R, Jung HJ, Noh SG, Chung HY. Soyasapogenol C from Fermented Soybean ( Glycine Max) Acting as a Novel AMPK/PPARα Dual Activator Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis: A Novel SANDA Methodology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5468. [PMID: 35628280 PMCID: PMC9141180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Soyasapogenol C (SSC), a derivative of soyasapogenol B (SSB), is specifically found high in many fermented soybean (Glycine max) products, including Cheonggukjang (in Korean). However, the biological activities for preventing and treating hepatic steatosis, and the precise underlying mechanisms of SSC, remain to be explored. (2) Methods: A novel SANDA (structural screening, ADMET prediction, network pharmacology, docking validation, and activity evaluation) methodology was used to examine whether SSC exerts hepatoprotective effects in silico and in vitro. (3) Results: SSC had better ADMET characteristics and a higher binding affinity with predicted targets chosen from network pathway analysis than SSB. SSC induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and stimulated the nuclear translocation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), further enhancing PPAR response element (PPRE) binding activity in HepG2 cells. Concurrently, SSC significantly inhibited triglyceride accumulation, which was associated with the suppression of lipogenesis genes and the enhancement of fatty acid oxidation gene expression in HepG2 cells. (4) Conclusions: Soyasapogenol C, discovered using a novel SANDA methodology from fermented soybean, is a novel AMPK/PPARα dual activator that is effective against hepatic steatosis. Dietary supplementation with soyasapogenol C may prevent the development of hepatic steatosis and other diseases associated with fat accumulation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Arulkumar
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (R.A.); (S.G.N.)
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (R.A.); (S.G.N.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (R.A.); (S.G.N.)
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
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15
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Akbari S, Sohouli MH, Ebrahimzadeh S, Ghanaei FM, Hosseini AF, Aryaeian N. Effect of rosemary leaf powder with weight loss diet on lipid profile, glycemic status, and liver enzymes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2186-2196. [PMID: 35318738 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and some clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of rosemary leaf on liver function and biochemical parameters. The present study aimed to examine the impact of rosemary leaf powder with a weight loss diet in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In a randomized double-blinded clinical trial, 110 patients were randomly assigned to receive either 4 g rosemary leaf or placebo (starch) powders for 8 weeks. In addition, all participants in the study were given weight loss diet and physical activity recommendations. Compared with baseline, alanine aminotransferase (p < .001), aspartate aminotransferase (p < .001), alkaline phosphatase (p < .001), gamma glutamyltransferase (p < .001), fasting blood glucose (p < .001), fasting insulin (p < .001), insulin resistance (p < .001), total cholesterol (p = .003), triglyceride (p < .001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < .001), and anthropometric indices (weight, body mass index, and waist circumferences) decreased significantly in the rosemary and placebo group with weight loss. However, after 8 weeks, no significant difference between the rosemary and placebo groups was detected in the variables as mentioned above except homeostasis model assessment of β-cell dysfunction (p = .014). The findings of the current clinical trial study revealed that rosemary group did produce changes, but they were not statistically different from those produced by the diet/activity intervention alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Akbari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Agha Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Hybertson BM, Gao B, McCord JM. Effects of the Phytochemical Combination PB123 on Nrf2 Activation, Gene Expression, and the Cholesterol Pathway in HepG2 Cells. OBM INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLIMENTARY MEDICINE 2022; 7. [PMID: 35252766 PMCID: PMC8896855 DOI: 10.21926/obm.icm.2201002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There has been a long history of human usage of the biologically-active phytochemicals in Salvia rosmarinus, Zingiber officinale, and Sophora japonica for health purposes, and we recently reported on a combination of those plant materials as the PB123 dietary supplement. In the present work we extended those studies to evaluate activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor and differential gene expression in cultured HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) cells treated with PB123. We determined transcriptome changes using mRNA-seq methods, and analyzed the affected pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and BioJupies, indicating that primary effects included increasing the Nrf2 pathway and decreasing the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Pretreatment of cultured HepG2 cells with PB123 upregulated Nrf2-dependent cytoprotective genes and increased cellular defenses against cumene hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress. In contrast, pretreatment of cultured HepG2 cells with PB123 downregulated cholesterol biosynthesis genes and decreased cellular cholesterol levels. These findings support the possible beneficial effects of PB123 as a healthspan-promoting dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks M Hybertson
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bifeng Gao
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joe M McCord
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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17
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Global use of folk medicinal plants against hypercholesterolemia: A review of ethnobotanical field studies. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Li T, Gong H, Zhan B, Mao X. Chitosan oligosaccharide attenuates hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cells via the activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14045. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Beijing China
| | - Han Gong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Beijing China
| | - Biyuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Beijing China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Beijing China
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19
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Shiravi A, Akbari A, Mohammadi Z, Khalilian MS, Zeinalian A, Zeinalian M. Rosemary and its protective potencies against COVID-19 and other cytokine storm associated infections: A molecular review. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nowadays, medicinal plants have attracted great interest in treatment of human diseases. Rosemary is a well-known medicinal plant which has been widely used for different therapeutic purposes. METHODS: This is a narrative review using databases including PubMed, ISI, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and google scholar, the most authoritative articles were searched, screened, and analyzed. RESULTS: Rosemary is a natural antioxidant which removes reactive oxygen species from tissues and increases expression on Nrf2 gene. Rosemary and its metabolites reduce inflammation by inhibiting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreasing expression of NF-κB, inhibiting infiltration of immune cells to inflamed sites, and affecting gut microbiome. Besides, rosmarinic acid in rosemary extract has positive effects on renin-angiotensin-system. Rosemary affects respiratory system by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle spasm, and also through anti-fibrotic properties. Carnosic acid is able to penetrate blood-brain-barrier and act against free radicals, ischemia and neurodegeneration in brain. Cardioprotective effects include correcting lipid profile, controlling blood pressure by inhibition of ACE, prevention of atherosclerosis, and reduction of cardiac muscle hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Accordingly, rosemary supplementation has potential protective effects against COVID-19 and other cytokine storm associated infections, a conclusion that needs more evaluations in the next clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirabbas Shiravi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Akbari
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Sadegh Khalilian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Zeinalian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Zeinalian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Iranians Cancer Control Charity Institute (MACSA), Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Vemu B, Tocmo R, Nauman MC, Flowers SA, Veenstra JP, Johnson JJ. Pharmacokinetic characterization of carnosol from rosemary (Salvia Rosmarinus) in male C57BL/6 mice and inhibition profile in human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 431:115729. [PMID: 34592323 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rosemary (Salvia Rosmarinus) is a rich source of dietary diterpenes with carnosol as one of the major polyphenols used to standardize rosemary extracts approved as a food preservative, however, at present there is not any information on the murine pharmacokinetic profile of carnosol or its potential for drug interactions. The present study utilizes cell-free, cell-based, and animal-based experiments to define the pharmacokinetic profile of the food based phytochemical carnosol. Mice were administered carnosol (100 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage and plasma levels were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to establish a detailed pharmacokinetic profile. The maximum plasma concentration exceeded 1 μM after a single administration. The results are significant as they offer insights on the potential for food-drug interactions between carnosol from rosemary and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Carnosol was observed to inhibit selected CYP450 enzymes and modulate metabolic enzymes and transporters in in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Vemu
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Restituo Tocmo
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mirielle C Nauman
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A Flowers
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jacob P Veenstra
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jeremy J Johnson
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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21
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Traditional herbal medicines used in obesity management: A systematic review of ethnomedicinal surveys. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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PPAR γ Plays an Important Role in Acute Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via AMPK/mTOR Pathway. PPAR Res 2021; 2021:6626295. [PMID: 34285690 PMCID: PMC8275421 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6626295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the severe complications associated with liver surgery and leads to liver dysfunction. PPARγ is always linked with various physiologic pathways, and it can alleviate liver damage in IR injury. Aim In this study, we explored the potential mechanism of PPARγ in the pathogenesis of hepatic IR injury by mice model. Methods After treated with si-PPARγ or rosiglitazone, mice were subjected to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. Liver tissue and blood samples were collected to evaluate liver injury and detected relative mRNA and protein expressions. Results The expression of PPARγ was increased after reperfusion. And the alleviation of PPARγ aggravated the liver damage in IR; at the same time, upregulation of the expression of PPARγ released the liver damage. And these effects of PPARγ in IR were related to the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway. Conclusion PPARγ plays an important role in hepatic IR injury at least partly via the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway.
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23
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Fakhri S, Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Hussain Y, Abbaszadeh F, Lu B, Hu X, Wu J, Zou L, Smeriglio A, Simal-Gandara J, Cao H, Xiao J, Khan H. Antioxidant and anticancer potentials of edible flowers: where do we stand? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8589-8645. [PMID: 34096420 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1931022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Edible flowers are attracting special therapeutic attention and their administration is on the rise. Edible flowers play pivotal modulatory roles on oxidative stress and related interconnected apoptotic/inflammatory pathways toward the treatment of cancer. In this review, we highlighted the phytochemical content and therapeutic applications of edible flowers, as well as their modulatory potential on the oxidative stress pathways and apoptotic/inflammatory mediators, resulting in anticancer effects. Edible flowers are promising sources of phytochemicals (e.g., phenolic compounds, carotenoids, terpenoids) with several therapeutic effects. They possess anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Edible flowers potentially modulate oxidative stress by targeting erythroid nuclear transcription factor-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Nrf2/ERK/MAPK), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant response elements (AREs). As the interconnected pathways to oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukins (ILs) as well as apoptotic pathways such as Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2, caspase and cytochrome C are critical targets of edible flowers in combating cancer. In this regard, edible flowers could play promising anticancer effects by targeting oxidative stress and downstream dysregulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Merve Tomas
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yaseen Hussain
- Control release drug delivery system, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain.,Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Wang Z, Sun L, Fang Z, Nisar T, Zou L, Li D, Guo Y. Lycium ruthenicum Murray anthocyanins effectively inhibit α-glucosidase activity and alleviate insulin resistance. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Pietrzyk N, Zakłos-Szyda M, Koziołkiewicz M, Podsędek A. Viburnum opulus L. fruit phenolic compounds protect against FFA-induced steatosis of HepG2 cells via AMPK pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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26
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Hasei S, Yamamotoya T, Nakatsu Y, Ohata Y, Itoga S, Nonaka Y, Matsunaga Y, Sakoda H, Fujishiro M, Kushiyama A, Asano T. Carnosic Acid and Carnosol Activate AMPK, Suppress Expressions of Gluconeogenic and Lipogenic Genes, and Inhibit Proliferation of HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084040. [PMID: 33919842 PMCID: PMC8070802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (CL) and rosmarinic acid (RA), components of the herb rosemary, reportedly exert favorable metabolic actions. This study showed that both CA and CL, but not RA, induce significant phosphorylation of AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) and its downstream acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), rate-limiting enzymes of hepatic gluconeogenesis, are upregulated by forskolin stimulation, and this upregulation was suppressed when incubated with CA or CL. Similarly, a forskolin-induced increase in CRE transcriptional activity involved in G6PC and PCK1 regulations was also stymied when incubated with CA or CL. In addition, mRNA levels of ACC1, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) were significantly reduced when incubated with CA or CL. Finally, it was shown that CA and CL suppressed cell proliferation and reduced cell viability, possibly as a result of AMPK activation. These findings raise the possibility that CA and CL exert a protective effect against diabetes and fatty liver disease, as well as subsequent cases of hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Hasei
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yukino Ohata
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Shota Itoga
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan; (S.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuji Nonaka
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan; (S.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yasuka Matsunaga
- Center for Translational Research in Infection & Inflammation, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan;
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose City, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan;
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Etsassala NG, Hussein AA, Nchu F. Potential Application of Some Lamiaceae Species in the Management of Diabetes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:279. [PMID: 33535455 PMCID: PMC7912742 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most dangerous metabolic disorders, with high rates of mortality worldwide. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases, including diabetes and its related complications. Plants are widely accepted, affordable, and perceived to have minimal adverse side effects. The Lamiaceae family is a potential source of therapeutic agents for the management of metabolic disorders, including diabetes. Hence, this review paper summarizes the antidiabetic use of Lamiaceae species in folk medicine globally. Furthermore, we present the antidiabetic activities and phytochemical constituents of twenty-three (23) Lamiaceae species and the antidiabetic activity of some notable chemical constituents isolated from some of these Lamiaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon G.E.R. Etsassala
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Felix Nchu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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28
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He D, Yan L, Hu Y, Wu Q, Wu M, Choi JI, Tong H. Optimization of Porphyran Extraction from Pyropia yezoensis by Response Surface Methodology and Its Lipid-Lowering Effects. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:53. [PMID: 33498781 PMCID: PMC7911723 DOI: 10.3390/md19020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae polysaccharides are phytochemicals that are beneficial to human health. In this study, response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction procedure of Pyropia yezoensis porphyran (PYP). The optimum extraction parameters were: 100 °C (temperature), 120 min (time), and 29.32 mL/g (liquid-solid ratio), and the maximum yield of PYP was 22.15 ± 0.55%. The physicochemical characteristics of PPYP, purified from PYP, were analyzed, along with its lipid-lowering effect, using HepG2 cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae. PPYP was a β-type sulfated hetero-rhamno-galactan-pyranose with a molecular weight of 151.6 kDa and a rhamnose-to-galactose molar ratio of 1:5.3. The results demonstrated that PPYP significantly reduced the triglyceride content in palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells and high-sucrose-fed D. melanogaster larvae by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, reducing lipogenesis and increasing fatty acid β-oxidation. To summarize, PPYP can lower lipid levels in HepG2 cells and larval fat body (the functional homolog tissue of the human liver), suggesting that PPYP may be administered as a potential marine lipid-lowering drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (D.H.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Liping Yan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (D.H.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yingxia Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (D.H.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qifang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (D.H.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (D.H.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Jong-il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (D.H.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
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29
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Han B, Niu D, Wang T, An S, Wang Y, Chen X, Bi H, Xue X, Kang J. Ultrasonic-microwave assisted extraction of total triterpenoid acids from Corni Fructus and hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of the extract in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:10709-10723. [PMID: 33226385 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02568b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triterpene acids, the main component of Corni Fructus, could improve diabetes mellitus, for which the underlying hypoglycemic mechanism is still unclear, in patients. In this study, total triterpenoid acids were extracted by ultrasonic-microwave assisted extraction optimized by the response surface methodology. The extract was then purified with an X-5 macroporous resin, and the yield of total triterpenoid acids increased to 281.24 mg g-1 as compared with the 35.71 mg g-1 obtained by unassisted extraction. The contents of five components were determined by ultrafast performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of total triterpenoid acids in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin and a high fat diet were studied. The results indicated that all parameters (oral glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and liver damage) related to diabetes were significantly improved by total triterpenoid acids. Furthermore, total triterpenoid acids significantly recovered the expression level of AMP-activated protein kinase and its downstream proteins, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase, carnitine palmityltransferase-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase. Altogether, total triterpenoid acids could ameliorate hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in diabetic mice, probably by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and inhibiting the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase signaling pathways. Therefore, total triterpene acids, isolated from Corni Fructus which is a prevailing health food, could be a functional food ingredient with therapeutic and commercial values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binkai Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
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30
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Alavi MS, Fanoudi S, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H. An updated review of protective effects of rosemary and its active constituents against natural and chemical toxicities. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1313-1328. [PMID: 33044022 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural and chemical toxic agents cause severe adverse effects on people's health in a variety of exposing ways. Herbal medications have taken into consideration as alternative safe treatments for toxicities. Rosmarinus officinalis also known as rosemary belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Rosemary and its constituents including carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and carnosol have a lot of benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-bacterial, antiviral, antinociceptive, and neuroprotective activities. In this literate review, we focused on the protective effects of rosemary and its main compounds against natural and chemical toxicities in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The protective effects of rosemary and its components are mostly mediated through different mechanisms such as the inhibition of oxidative stress, reduction of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor ĸB (NF-ĸB) as well as the modulation of apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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31
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Liu Y, Li J, Liu Y. Effects of epoxy stearic acid on lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3644-3652. [PMID: 32885409 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, effects of cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid (ESA) generated by the thermal oxidation of oleic acid on HepG2 cells, including intracellular lipid accumulation, fatty acid composition, and lipid metabolism, were investigated. Our results revealed that ESA increased the number and size of cellular lipid droplets. Intracellular triacylglycerol and total cholesterol content demonstrated that ESA induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Results of fatty acid composition further indicated that ESA could lead to intracellular lipid accumulation. Our results also revealed that ESA may suppress the fatty acid oxidation in peroxisomes and mitochondria, including PPARα, Cpt1α, and Acox1, whereas the expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis, including Srebp-1c and Scd1, was enhanced. These findings provide critical information on the effects of ESA on HepG2 cells, particularly lipid accumulation and metabolism, which is important for evaluating the biosafety of the oxidative product of oleic acid. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The administration of cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid to HepG2 cells could lead to disorder of lipid metabolism of cells by enhancing the intracellular lipid content, as well as suppressing the fatty acid oxidation in peroxisomes and mitochondria. These findings could provide information for the evaluation of the biosafety of the oxidative product of oleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
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32
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Targeting type II diabetes with plant terpenes: the new and promising antidiabetic therapeutics. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chen P, Zhao H, Wu M, He S, Yuan T, Yi X, Liu S, Pan Y, Li Q, Wang S, Sun X. A novel 17 bp InDel polymorphism within the PPARGC1A gene is significantly associated with growth traits in sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:312-320. [PMID: 32772770 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1796697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) is a member of transcriptional coactivator of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. It is involved in lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, adipocyte differentiation and regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, the genetic variation of PPARGC1A gene will be of great value. The purposes of this study were to detect novel InDels within the PPARGC1A gene and analyze the effects of genetic polymorphisms on growth traits. We detected a novel 17 bp insertion polymorphism within the eleventh intron of the sheep PPARGC1A gene. Experimental results revealed that the InDel (insertion/deletion) genotypes distribution of the seven breeds of sheep was significant differences, of which three genotypes were detected. After correlation analysis, there were many significant phenotypic differences between the body size traits of the three genotypes. Interestingly, the dominant genotype was different in body weight both in STHS sheep and HS sheep. In summary, the 17 bp insertion polymorphism within the PPARGC1A gene had a great influence on the growth traits of sheep, which may provide a potential theoretical basis for marker-assisted selection in sheep genetic breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingbo Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haidong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingli Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuai He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaohua Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yun Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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34
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Li D, Yang Y, Sun L, Fang Z, Chen L, Zhao P, Wang Z, Guo Y. Effect of young apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Red Fuji) polyphenols on alleviating insulin resistance. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Figueira LW, de Oliveira JR, Camargo SEA, de Oliveira LD. Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary), and Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) extracts aid murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) to fight Streptococcus mutans during in vitro infection. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2269-2277. [PMID: 32535791 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Finding an effective alternative way to aid defense cells to fight Streptococcus mutans was the main goal of this study. The effect of plant extracts from Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary), and Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) was evaluated on murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) infected by S. mutans. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined. Macrophages were infected by S. mutans and treated with each extract. From the supernatants, it was measured nitric oxide (NO) level. Posteriorly, RAW 264.7 were lysed to expose living and phagocytosed bacteria. Cytotoxicity was checked by lysosomal activity analysis, using neutral red assay. Each extract helped RAW 264.7 to eliminate S. mutans during infection, as observed by a significant bacterial reduction. Significant cell viability was also found. Besides, an increased production of NO was verified using R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L. extracts. The evaluated extracts demonstrated an effective action to assist RAW 264.7 to fight S. mutans during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Wagner Figueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
- Anhembi Morumbi University, School of Medicine, Av. Dep. Benedito Matarazzo, 4050, São José dos Campos, SP, 12230-002, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
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(-)-Hydroxycitric acid regulates energy metabolism by activation of AMPK - PGC1α - NRF1 signal pathway in primary chicken hepatocytes. Life Sci 2020; 254:117785. [PMID: 32416167 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As the most important bioactive substance in Garcinia cambogia, (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is widely used in food additives to regulate obesity and diabetes in animals or humans, while the mechanism is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the regulatory effect and mechanism of (-)-HCA in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in chicken primary hepatocytes. The results showed that (-)-HCA obviously decreased triglyceride content through inhibiting the fatty acid synthase protein level, and enhancing the protein level of phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase, enoyl coenzyme A hydratase short chain 1 and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A in hepatocytes. Moreover, (-)-HCA markedly enhanced the protein level of phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase A and complex IV, and which led to the enhancing of glucose uptake and catabolism in hepatocytes. Importantly, the regulation of (-)-HCA on these key factors associated with lipid and glucose metabolism in hepatocytes was mainly achieved through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α-nuclear respiratory factor 1 signaling pathway. These results convincingly demonstrated the mechanism of (-)-HCA's regulating on glucose and lipid metabolism, and provided a strategy in prevention of diseases associated with glycolipid metabolic abnormalities in animals, even in humans.
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Yan X, Chen X, Xu X, Liu J, Fu C, Zhao D, Zhao W, Ma R, Sun L. Mechanism Underlying p-Coumaric Acid Alleviation of Lipid Accumulation in Palmitic Acid-Treated Human Hepatoma Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3742-3749. [PMID: 32129993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect and mechanism of action of p-coumaric acid for alleviating palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte injury were investigated using a PA-induced human hepatoma cell (HepG2)-based hepatocellular injury model and MTT cell viability determinations. Additionally, reduced glutathione content and catalase activity were detected using commercial kits, while intracellular lipid accumulation and total triglyceride content were measured using Oil Red O staining and a triglyceride quantification kit, respectively. Meanwhile, levels of proteins (fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1) and proliferator-activated receptor-α mRNA were determined using western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. After p-coumaric acid targets were identified using network pharmacological analysis, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was assessed via western blotting, while prostaglandin E2 accumulation was measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Notably, PA-treated hepatocytes exhibited increased viability (87.3 ± 2.2% vs 65.5 ± 2.5% for untreated cells), with reduced intracellular lipid accumulation reflecting promotion of lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation; this protective effect may depend on inhibition of both PA-induced HepG2 cell COX-2 expression and PGE2 accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuci Yan
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Xuenan Chen
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Xiaohao Xu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Jianzeng Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Chunge Fu
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Science, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhao
- Center of Preventive Treatment of Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Rui Ma
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China
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Hassanen NHM, Fahmi A, Shams-Eldin E, Abdur-Rahman M. Protective effect of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis) against diethylnitrosamine-induced renal injury in rats. Biomarkers 2020; 25:281-289. [PMID: 32118487 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1737734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Context: The kidney plays a central role in detoxification and excretion of toxic metabolites, and therefore, is susceptible to toxicity by xenobiotics.Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) powder and its essential (volatile) oil against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced renal injury in rats.Materials and methods: Phenolic and flavonoid components were characterised in rosemary powder using HPLC-UV instrument while rosemary essential oil (E.O) was investigated via GC-MS technique. In rat model, rosemary was administrated orally (in diet) for two months. Lipid profile, antioxidant biomarkers, kidney functions and histopathological examinations were assessed.Results: Hesperidin (4878.88 ppm) and ellagic acid (403.57 ppm) are among the major phenolic and flavonoid constituents in rosemary powder. Camphor (18.36%) and α-pinene (12.74%) represent the main E.O active ingredients. Rats treated with rosemary E.O showed a significant elevation in serum HDL (28.28%) accompanied by a decrease in LDL (115.47%). A significant decrease in serum creatinine and urea was also reported (69.72 and 109.89%, respectively). Moreover, serum glutathione peroxidise (GSH-Px) activity has been significantly increased. Kidney histopathological examinations confirmed the protective effect against DEN-induced abnormalities.Conclusion: Rosemary (powder/E.O) was able to reduce or even prevent the severity of diethylnitrosamine-induced renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa H M Hassanen
- Special Food and Nutrition Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelgawad Fahmi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy Shams-Eldin
- Special Food and Nutrition Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Lazalde-Ramos BP, Zamora-Perez AL, Ortega-Guerrero AI, Quintero-Fraire SZ, Palacios-Lara O, Quirarte-Báez SM, Galaviz-Hernández C, Sosa-Macías M, Ortiz-García YM, Morales-Velazquez G. Genomic Instability Decreases in HIV Patient by Complementary Therapy with Rosmarinus officinalis Extracts. J Med Food 2020; 23:1070-1076. [PMID: 32125929 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is associated with increased oxidative stress in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intake of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis on genomic instability in HIV patients. We studied 67 HIV patients under pharmacological treatment with ATRIPLA who were divided into three groups: group 1, patients under ATRIPLA antiretroviral therapy; group 2, patients with ATRIPLA and rosemary aqueous extract (4 g/L per day); and group 3, patients with ATRIPLA and rosemary methanolic extract (400 mg/day). The genomic instability was evaluated through the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Oral epithelial cells were taken at the beginning and 1 and 4 months later. The groups that received the pharmacological therapy with ATRIPLA and the complementary therapy with R. officinalis extracts showed a decrease in the number of cells with micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities compared with the group that only received ATRIPLA. The complementary therapy with R. officinalis decreased the genomic instability in HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Patricia Lazalde-Ramos
- Master of Science and Chemical Technology, Chemistry Department, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez
- Institute of Dental Research, University Center for Health Science, University of Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Aymée Ileana Ortega-Guerrero
- Pharmaceutical-Biological Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Saira Zulema Quintero-Fraire
- Pharmaceutical-Biological Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Omar Palacios-Lara
- Outpatient Centers for the Prevention and Care of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections and Care Services Integral Hospital, Secretary of Health, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.,Mexican Institute of Social Security, Zacatecas Delegation, Mexico
| | | | | | - Martha Sosa-Macías
- National Polytechnic Institute, CIIDIR-Durango, Academy of Genomics, Durango, Mexico
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Noor HB, Mou NA, Salem L, Shimul MF, Biswas S, Akther R, Khan S, Raihan S, Mohib MM, Sagor MA. Anti-inflammatory Property of AMP-activated Protein Kinase. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2-41. [PMID: 31530260 PMCID: PMC7460777 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190830100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the many debated topics in inflammation research is whether this scenario is really an accelerated form of human wound healing and immunityboosting or a push towards autoimmune diseases. The answer requires a better understanding of the normal inflammatory process, including the molecular pathology underlying the possible outcomes. Exciting recent investigations regarding severe human inflammatory disorders and autoimmune conditions have implicated molecular changes that are also linked to normal immunity, such as triggering factors, switching on and off, the influence of other diseases and faulty stem cell homeostasis, in disease progression and development. METHODS We gathered around and collected recent online researches on immunity, inflammation, inflammatory disorders and AMPK. We basically searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar to assemble the studies which were published since 2010. RESULTS Our findings suggested that inflammation and related disorders are on the verge and interfere in the treatment of other diseases. AMPK serves as a key component that prevents various kinds of inflammatory signaling. In addition, our table and hypothetical figures may open a new door in inflammation research, which could be a greater therapeutic target for controlling diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance and preventing autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION The relationship between immunity and inflammation becomes easily apparent. Yet, the essence of inflammation turns out to be so startling that the theory may not be instantly established and many possible arguments are raised for its clearance. However, this study might be able to reveal some possible approaches where AMPK can reduce or prevent inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Md A.T. Sagor
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Tel: +8801719130130; E-mail:
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Bao TQ, Li Y, Qu C, Zheng ZG, Yang H, Li P. Antidiabetic Effects and Mechanisms of Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and its Phenolic Components. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1353-1368. [PMID: 33016104 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disease result from absolute or relative insulin secretion deficiency, insulin resistance, or both, and has become a major and growing public healthy menace worldwide. Currently, clinical antidiabetic drugs still have some limitations in efficacy and safety such as gastrointestinal side effects, hypoglycemia, or weight gain. Rosmarinus officinalis is an aromatic evergreen shrub used as a food additive and medicine, which has been extensively used to treat hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetic wounds. A great deal of pharmacological research showed that rosemary extract and its phenolic constituents, especially carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and carnosol, could significantly improve diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation, exhibiting extremely high research value. Therefore, this review summarizes the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of rosemary extract and its primary phenolic constituents on diabetes and relative complications both in vitro and in vivo studies from 2000 to 2020, to provide some scientific evidence and research ideas for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy China, Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy China, Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy China, Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zu-Guo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy China, Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy China, Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy China, Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
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A shortened treatment with rosemary tea (rosmarinus officinalis) instead of glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (TSD). JOURNAL OF POPULATION THERAPEUTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 26:e18-e28. [PMID: 31909576 DOI: 10.15586/jptcp.v26i4.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosemary leaves powder has been reported to reduce in a dose-dependent manner, glucose levels, lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in humans. However, patients should ingest high doses of powder contained in capsules. This formulation constitutes the intake of 10 capsules per day, so the active metabolite must first, be released and then absorbed (for which, rosemary leaf powder must be mixed with gastric juice). AIM Evaluate whether a shortened dose and time of treatment as well as the pharmaceutical presentation in rosemary tea (Rosmarinus officinalis) instead of powder have a therapeutic effect in the treatment of T2D. METHOD The complementary therapy with Rosemary tea (2g/1 litre of water per day) were evaluate on resistance to insulin, oxidative stress, biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements in forty patients T2D under treatment with metformin and/or glibenclamide afther giving your authorization through informed consent. RESULTS The data indicated that Rosemary tea intake after 90 days, statistically decreased (p < 0.05) anthropometric parameters like the body mass index and waist-hip ratio. Remarkably, this treatment decreased the percentages of glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, and the pancreatic β-cell function and lastly, a significant difference in lipid peroxide levels was found. CONCLUSION These data show that shortening time and dose, as well as changing the formulation of the Rosemary plant constitutes a promising treatment for drug-resistant T2D patients.
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Pereira AS, Banegas-Luna AJ, Peña-García J, Pérez-Sánchez H, Apostolides Z. Evaluation of the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Some Common Herbs and Spices: Providing New Insights with Inverse Virtual Screening. Molecules 2019; 24:E4030. [PMID: 31703341 PMCID: PMC6891552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Culinary herbs and spices are widely used as a traditional medicine in the treatment of diabetes and its complications, and there are several scientific studies in the literature supporting the use of these medicinal plants. However, there is often a lack of knowledge on the bioactive compounds of these herbs and spices and their mechanisms of action. The aim of this study was to use inverse virtual screening to provide insights into the bioactive compounds of common herbs and spices, and their potential molecular mechanisms of action in the treatment of diabetes. In this study, a library of over 2300 compounds derived from 30 common herbs and spices were screened in silico with the DIA-DB web server against 18 known diabetes drug targets. Over 900 compounds from the herbs and spices library were observed to have potential anti-diabetic activity and liquorice, hops, fennel, rosemary, and fenugreek were observed to be particularly enriched with potential anti-diabetic compounds. A large percentage of the compounds were observed to be potential polypharmacological agents regulating three or more anti-diabetic drug targets and included compounds such as achillin B from yarrow, asparasaponin I from fenugreek, bisdemethoxycurcumin from turmeric, carlinoside from lemongrass, cinnamtannin B1 from cinnamon, crocin from saffron and glabridin from liquorice. The major targets identified for the herbs and spices compounds were dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), intestinal maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM), liver receptor homolog-1 (NR5A2), pancreatic alpha-amylase (AM2A), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 9 (PTPN9), and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) with over 250 compounds observed to be potential inhibitors of these particular protein targets. Only bay leaves, liquorice and thyme were found to contain compounds that could potentially regulate all 18 protein targets followed by black pepper, cumin, dill, hops and marjoram with 17 protein targets. In most cases more than one compound within a given plant could potentially regulate a particular protein target. It was observed that through this multi-compound-multi target regulation of these specific protein targets that the major anti-diabetic effects of reduced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia of the herbs and spices could be explained. The results of this study, taken together with the known scientific literature, indicated that the anti-diabetic potential of common culinary herbs and spices was the result of the collective action of more than one bioactive compound regulating and restoring several dysregulated and interconnected diabetic biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S.P. Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria Hillcrest 0083, South Africa;
| | - Antonio J. Banegas-Luna
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (A.J.B.-L.)
| | - Jorge Peña-García
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (A.J.B.-L.)
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (A.J.B.-L.)
| | - Zeno Apostolides
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria Hillcrest 0083, South Africa;
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Wang SJ, Chen Q, Liu MY, Yu HY, Xu JQ, Wu JQ, Zhang Y, Wang T. Regulation effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.) on hepatic lipid metabolism in OA induced NAFLD rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:7356-7365. [PMID: 31650134 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01677e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. is a kind of medicinal and edible homologous plant, which is popular in the Mediterranean region with a significant effect on mind tranquilization, anti-oxidation, and metabolic improvement. However, the hypolipidemic effects and mechanism of rosemary ethanol extract (RO) and their metabolites are less known. In this study, the hypolipidemic effects of RO and its active compounds were clarified. The results showed that RO, rosmarinic acid (RA) and carnosic acid (CA) significantly reduced the contents of liver triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acids (FFA) and improved cell hypertrophy, vacuolation, and cell necrosis in the liver of orotic acid induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model rats. The mechanism and related pathways of RO and its main metabolites against lipid disorder were related to the up-regulation of the phosphorylation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the inhibition of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) cracking into the nucleus, following the down-regulation of fatty acid synthesis. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that RA and CA are active substances of RO, and provides scientific evidence to support functional food product development for improving NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Meng-Yang Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Hai-Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Jing-Qi Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Jia-Qi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Francini F, Schinella GR, Ríos JL. Activation of AMPK by Medicinal Plants and Natural Products: Its Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:880-901. [PMID: 30484403 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666181128120726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease characterized by permanent hyperglycemia, whose development can be prevented or delayed by using therapeutic agents and implementing lifestyle changes. Some therapeutic alternatives include regulation of glycemia through modulation of different mediators and enzymes, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly relevant cellular energy sensor for metabolic homeostasis regulation, with particular relevance in the modulation of liver and muscle insulin sensitivity. This makes it a potential therapeutic target for antidiabetic drugs. In fact, some of them are standard drugs used for treatment of T2D, such as biguanides and thiazolidindiones. In this review, we compile the principal natural products that are activators of AMPK and their effect on glucose metabolism, which could make them candidates as future antidiabetic agents. Phenolics such as flavonoids and resveratrol, alkaloids such as berberine, and some saponins are potential natural activators of AMPK with a potential future as antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Francini
- Centro de Endocrinologia Experimental y Aplicada, (CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP FCM, CEAS CICPBA), Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Schinella
- Cátedra de Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.,Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - José-Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Wu L, Wang Y, Chi G, Shen B, Tian Y, Li Z, Han L, Zhang Q, Feng H. Morin reduces inflammatory responses and alleviates lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19785-19798. [PMID: 30937936 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Morin (MO), a natural bioflavinoid, exists in many herbs. Previous studies have acclaimed MO's anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antifibrotic, anticancer, and antihyperglycemic biological effects. This study aimed to assess the molecular mechanism of MO involved in the oleic acid (OA)-induced inflammatory damage and lipid accumulation in HepG2 cell and tyloxapol (Ty)-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. We found that MO can efficaciously mitigate reactive tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in OA-induced HepG2 cell and in tyloxapol-induced mice. Next, the study testified that MO apparently suppressed OA-excited nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways in HepG2 cell. In addition, MO distinctly upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and decreased the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) in OA-induced HepG2 cell and in tyloxapol-induced mice, both of which are dependent upon the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase B (AKT). In conclusion, these results suggest that MO has protective potential against hyperlipidemia and steatosis, and the potential mechanism may have a close relation with activation of PPARα and inhibition of SREBP-1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Gefu Chi
- Medical Examination Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bingyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Skalli S, Hassikou R, Arahou M. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for diabetes treatment in Rabat, Morocco. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01421. [PMID: 30976694 PMCID: PMC6441794 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in Morocco. The value of ethnobotanical information is now increasingly acknowledged. To inventory and to provide ethnobotanical information on some of the medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes in Rabat (Morocco), a survey was undertaken from March 1st to April 30th 2018. This survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire targeting diabetic patients from the SOS Diabetes Center. 334 diabetic patients were interviewed. Of this group, 53.6% (34 men and 145 women) use medicinal plants to control their diabetes. 47.2% have type 2 diabetes and 52.5% have type 1diabetes. Thirty plant species belonging to 18 botanical families were recorded for the treatment of diabetes. The most represented families were Lamiaceae with 8 species followed by Fabaceae with 3 species. Based on the highest number of users, the most important species were Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (15.4%), Salvia officinalis L. (13.3%) and Olea europaea L. (10.8%). Leaves (47.5%), seeds (20.2%) and stem (17.6%) were the parts predominantly used to prepare the formulations, which were mainly infusions (50.9%), administrated by the oral route (98.9%). Some plants were used only by type 1 diabetics while others were used by type 2 diabetics. The observed adverse events related to the use of medicinal plants were represented by occasional heartburn in 2.2% of diabetic patients. This study is the first to collect and document information on medicinal plants and how they are used by diabetic patients. Calamintha alpina L. is reported for the first time at the international level as used in traditional treatment of diabetes and seven others were reported as new medicinal plants used to treat diabetes in Morocco. This will extend the list of plants already mentioned as used for diabetes. Further research should be carried out to validate the antidiabetic uses of most of these plant species.
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Salgueiro AC, Folmer V, Bassante FE, Cardoso MH, da Rosa HS, Puntel GO. Predictive antidiabetic activities of plants used by persons with Diabetes mellitus. Complement Ther Med 2018; 41:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Estevez-Areco S, Guz L, Candal R, Goyanes S. Release kinetics of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) polyphenols from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanofibers in several food simulants. Food Packag Shelf Life 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Atherosclerosis, characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in the vessel wall, is the main feature of cardiovascular disease. Although the amounts of fruits and vegetables present in the diets vary by country, diets, worldwide, contain large amounts of spices; this may have positive or negative effects on the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we focused on the potential protective effects of specific nutrients from spices, such as pepper, ginger, garlic, onion, cinnamon and chili, in atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms, epidemiological analysis, and clinical studies focusing on a variety of spices are covered in this review. Based on the integrated information, we aimed to raise specific recommendations for people with different dietary styles for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through dietary habit adjustments.
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