1
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Harde E, Hierl M, Weber M, Waiz D, Wyler R, Wach JY, Haab R, Gundlfinger A, He W, Schnider P, Paina M, Rolland JF, Greiter-Wilke A, Gasser R, Reutlinger M, Dupont A, Roberts S, O'Connor EC, Bartels B, Hall BJ. Selective and brain-penetrant HCN1 inhibitors reveal links between synaptic integration, cortical function, and working memory. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:577-592.e23. [PMID: 38042151 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic-nucleotide-gated 1 (HCN1) ion channels are proposed to be critical for cognitive function through regulation of synaptic integration. However, resolving the precise role of HCN1 in neurophysiology and exploiting its therapeutic potential has been hampered by minimally selective antagonists with poor potency and limited in vivo efficiency. Using automated electrophysiology in a small-molecule library screen and chemical optimization, we identified a primary carboxamide series of potent and selective HCN1 inhibitors with a distinct mode of action. In cognition-relevant brain circuits, selective inhibition of native HCN1 produced on-target effects, including enhanced excitatory postsynaptic potential summation, while administration of a selective HCN1 inhibitor to rats recovered decrement working memory. Unlike prior non-selective HCN antagonists, selective HCN1 inhibition did not alter cardiac physiology in human atrial cardiomyocytes or in rats. Collectively, selective HCN1 inhibitors described herein unmask HCN1 as a potential target for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Harde
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Hierl
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weber
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Waiz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger Wyler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Yves Wach
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Haab
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Gundlfinger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Weiping He
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan) Co., Ltd, 666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Huibei, China
| | - Patrick Schnider
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andrea Greiter-Wilke
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rodolfo Gasser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Reutlinger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Dupont
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Roberts
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eoin C O'Connor
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Björn Bartels
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin J Hall
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Cao D, Zhang P, Wang S. Advances in structure-based drug design: The potential for precision therapeutics in psychiatric disorders. Neuron 2024; 112:526-538. [PMID: 38290517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, the field of GPCR drug design has undergone a remarkable evolution, fueled by advancements in science and technology. This evolution has given rise to a diverse range of ideas and approaches in structure-based drug design, bolstering the versatility and strength of the GPCR drug design toolbox. This review encapsulates the iterative development process, navigating challenges and opportunities in structure-based drug design within GPCRs. With a focused emphasis on its impact on psychiatric disorders, the review accentuates recent advancements and delves into the potentials unlocked by emerging technologies. The review explores the intricate interplay between scientific progress and iterative refinement, offering profound insights into the potential pathways that lie ahead for GPCR drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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3
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Du Y, Gao F, Sun H, Wu C, Zhu G, Zhu M. Novel substituted 4-(Arylethynyl)-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) Treat depressive disorder in mice. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115855. [PMID: 37847955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
In view of the fact that the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) sit at the top of the signaling pathways triggering a diverse range of signaling cascades towards a cellular event, GPCRs are regarded as central drug targets. mGlu5, a type of classical GPCRs, is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and responds to the neurotransmitter glutamate. Researches show that mGlu5 is a potential drug target for the treatment of depression. Up to now, multiple mGlu5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) have entered clinical trials, but no small molecule mGlu5 NAM has yet to reach market. Herein, we report the structural optimization and structure-activity relationship studies of a series of novel mGlu5 NAMs. Among them, the novel compound 10b is a high-affinity mGluR5 antagonist, with an IC50 value of 11.5 nM. Besides, we evaluated the anti-depressant effect of compound 10b using the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression model. The data showed that the mice in CUMS group were featured by decreased level of serum 5-HT and increased level of serum CORT, and the expression of synaptic proteins were reduced, including GluA1, GluA2, p-PKA, BDNF and TrkB. However, those factors for identifying sensitivity to depression-like behaviors could be improved by compound 10b treatment. The preliminary toxicology evaluations indicated that compound 10b had a good safety profile in vivo. Collectively, the compound 10b represents a promising lead compound for the treatment of depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Du
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
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4
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Cheng L, Xia F, Li Z, Shen C, Yang Z, Hou H, Sun S, Feng Y, Yong X, Tian X, Qin H, Yan W, Shao Z. Structure, function and drug discovery of GPCR signaling. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:46. [PMID: 38047990 PMCID: PMC10695916 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile and vital proteins involved in a wide array of physiological processes and responses, such as sensory perception (e.g., vision, taste, and smell), immune response, hormone regulation, and neurotransmission. Their diverse and essential roles in the body make them a significant focus for pharmaceutical research and drug development. Currently, approximately 35% of marketed drugs directly target GPCRs, underscoring their prominence as therapeutic targets. Recent advances in structural biology have substantially deepened our understanding of GPCR activation mechanisms and interactions with G-protein and arrestin signaling pathways. This review offers an in-depth exploration of both traditional and recent methods in GPCR structure analysis. It presents structure-based insights into ligand recognition and receptor activation mechanisms and delves deeper into the mechanisms of canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways downstream of GPCRs. Furthermore, it highlights recent advancements in GPCR-related drug discovery and development. Particular emphasis is placed on GPCR selective drugs, allosteric and biased signaling, polyphamarcology, and antibody drugs. Our goal is to provide researchers with a thorough and updated understanding of GPCR structure determination, signaling pathway investigation, and drug development. This foundation aims to propel forward-thinking therapeutic approaches that target GPCRs, drawing upon the latest insights into GPCR ligand selectivity, activation, and biased signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ziyan Li
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenglong Shen
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqian Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanlin Hou
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Suyue Sun
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuying Feng
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xihao Yong
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowen Tian
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxi Qin
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenhua Shao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Frontiers Medical Center, Chengdu, 610212, China.
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5
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Vecera CM, C. Courtes A, Jones G, Soares JC, Machado-Vieira R. Pharmacotherapies Targeting GABA-Glutamate Neurotransmission for Treatment-Resistant Depression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1572. [PMID: 38004437 PMCID: PMC10675154 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a term used to describe a particular type of major depressive disorder (MDD). There is no consensus about what defines TRD, with various studies describing between 1 and 4 failures of antidepressant therapies, with or without electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). That is why TRD is such a growing concern among clinicians and researchers, and it explains the necessity for investigating novel therapeutic targets beyond conventional monoamine pathways. An imbalance between two primary central nervous system (CNS) neurotransmitters, L-glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), has emerged as having a key role in the pathophysiology of TRD. In this review, we provide an evaluation and comprehensive review of investigational antidepressants targeting these two systems, accessing their levels of available evidence, mechanisms of action, and safety profiles. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism has shown the most promise amongst the glutamatergic targets, with ketamine and esketamine (Spravato) robustly generating responses across trials. Two specific NMDA-glycine site modulators, D-cycloserine (DCS) and apimostinel, have also generated promising initial safety and efficacy profiles, warranting further investigation. Combination dextromethorphan-bupropion (AXS-05/Auvelity) displays a unique mechanism of action and demonstrated positive results in particular applicability in subpopulations with cognitive dysfunction. Currently, the most promising GABA modulators appear to be synthetic neurosteroid analogs with positive GABAA receptor modulation (such as brexanolone). Overall, advances in the last decade provide exciting perspectives for those who do not improve with conventional therapies. Of the compounds reviewed here, three are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA): esketamine (Spravato) for TRD, Auvelity (dextromethorphan-bupropion) for major depressive disorder (MDD), and brexanolone (Zulresso) for post-partum depression (PPD). Notably, some concerns have arisen with esketamine and brexanolone, which will be detailed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Vecera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Alan C. Courtes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Gregory Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Jair C. Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- John S. Dunn Behavioral Sciences Center at UTHealth Houston, 5615 H.Mark Crosswell Jr St, Houston, TX 77021, USA
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6
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Xie X, Yu T, Li X, Zhang N, Foster LJ, Peng C, Huang W, He G. Recent advances in targeting the "undruggable" proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:335. [PMID: 37669923 PMCID: PMC10480221 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Undruggable proteins are a class of proteins that are often characterized by large, complex structures or functions that are difficult to interfere with using conventional drug design strategies. Targeting such undruggable targets has been considered also a great opportunity for treatment of human diseases and has attracted substantial efforts in the field of medicine. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the recent development of drug discovery targeting "undruggable" proteins and their application in clinic. To make this review well organized, we discuss the design strategies targeting the undruggable proteins, including covalent regulation, allosteric inhibition, protein-protein/DNA interaction inhibition, targeted proteins regulation, nucleic acid-based approach, immunotherapy and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tingting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Torazza C, Provenzano F, Gallia E, Cerminara M, Balbi M, Bonifacino T, Tessitore S, Ravera S, Usai C, Musante I, Puliti A, Van Den Bosch L, Jafar-nejad P, Rigo F, Milanese M, Bonanno G. Genetic Downregulation of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 Dampens the Reactive and Neurotoxic Phenotype of Adult ALS Astrocytes. Cells 2023; 12:1952. [PMID: 37566031 PMCID: PMC10416852 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). Astrocytes display a toxic phenotype in ALS, which results in MN damage. Glutamate (Glu)-mediated excitotoxicity and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) play a pathological role in the disease progression. We previously demonstrated that in vivo genetic ablation or pharmacological modulation of mGluR5 reduced astrocyte activation and MN death, prolonged survival and ameliorated the clinical progression in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS. This study aimed to investigate in vitro the effects of mGluR5 downregulation on the reactive spinal cord astrocytes cultured from adult late symptomatic SOD1G93A mice. We observed that mGluR5 downregulation in SOD1G93A astrocytes diminished the cytosolic Ca2+ overload under resting conditions and after mGluR5 simulation and reduced the expression of the reactive glial markers GFAP, S100β and vimentin. In vitro exposure to an anti-mGluR5 antisense oligonucleotide or to the negative allosteric modulator CTEP also ameliorated the altered reactive astrocyte phenotype. Downregulating mGluR5 in SOD1G93A mice reduced the synthesis and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and ameliorated the cellular bioenergetic profile by improving the diminished oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis and by lowering the excessive lactate dehydrogenase activity. Most relevantly, mGluR5 downregulation hampered the neurotoxicity of SOD1G93A astrocytes co-cultured with spinal cord MNs. We conclude that selective reduction in mGluR5 expression in SOD1G93A astrocytes positively modulates the astrocyte reactive phenotype and neurotoxicity towards MNs, further supporting mGluR5 as a promising therapeutic target in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Torazza
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Francesca Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Elena Gallia
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Maria Cerminara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Matilde Balbi
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Tessitore
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Via Alberti L.B. 2, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Musante
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- VIB-Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA; (P.J.-n.); (F.R.)
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (C.T.); (F.P.); (E.G.); (M.B.); (T.B.); (S.T.); (G.B.)
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8
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Shen S, Zhao C, Wu C, Sun S, Li Z, Yan W, Shao Z. Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1137604. [PMID: 36875468 PMCID: PMC9978769 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1137604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of transmembrane proteins, regulate a wide array of physiological processes in response to extracellular signals. Although these receptors have proven to be the most successful class of drug targets, their complicated signal transduction pathways (including different effector G proteins and β-arrestins) and mediation by orthosteric ligands often cause difficulties for drug development, such as on- or off-target effects. Interestingly, identification of ligands that engage allosteric binding sites, which are different from classic orthosteric sites, can promote pathway-specific effects in cooperation with orthosteric ligands. Such pharmacological properties of allosteric modulators offer new strategies to design safer GPCR-targeted therapeutics for various diseases. Here, we explore recent structural studies of GPCRs bound to allosteric modulators. Our inspection of all GPCR families reveals recognition mechanisms of allosteric regulation. More importantly, this review highlights the diversity of allosteric sites and presents how allosteric modulators control specific GPCR pathways to provide opportunities for the development of new valuable agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Yan
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenhua Shao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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9
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Jismy B, El Qami A, Jacquemin J, Guillot R, Tikad A, Abarbri M. Efficient Synthesis of
tert
‐Butyl 2,4‐Dialkynylated and 2‐Alkynylated‐4‐Arylated‐1
H
‐Imidazole‐1‐Carboxylate
via
Regioselective Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reaction. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Badr Jismy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E) EA 6299 Université de Tours Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
| | - Abdelkarim El Qami
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et de Chimie Bioorganique URAC 22 Département de Chimie Université Hassan II de Casablanca Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia B.P. 146 28800 Mohammedia Morocco
| | - Johan Jacquemin
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E) EA 6299 Université de Tours Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
| | - Regis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) UMR CNRS 8182 Université Paris Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Abdellatif Tikad
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Substances Naturelles Département de Chimie Faculté des Sciences Université Moulay Ismail B.P. 11201, Zitoune 50050 Meknès Morocco
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E) EA 6299 Université de Tours Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
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10
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Milanese M, Bonifacino T, Torazza C, Provenzano F, Kumar M, Ravera S, Zerbo AR, Frumento G, Balbi M, Nguyen TPN, Bertola N, Ferrando S, Viale M, Profumo A, Bonanno G. Blocking glutamate mGlu 5 receptors with the negative allosteric modulator CTEP improves disease course in SOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3747-3764. [PMID: 33931856 PMCID: PMC8457068 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not fully clarified, although excessive glutamate (Glu) transmission and the downstream cytotoxic cascades are major mechanisms for motor neuron death. Two metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1 and mGlu5 ) are overexpressed in ALS and regulate cellular disease processes. Expression and function of mGlu5 receptors are altered at early symptomatic stages in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS and knockdown of mGlu5 receptors in SOD1G93A mice improved disease progression. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We treated male and female SOD1G93A mice with 2-chloro-4-((2,5-dimethyl-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethynyl)pyridine (CTEP), an orally available mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator (NAM), using doses of 2 mg·kg-1 per 48 h or 4 mg·kg-1 per 24 h from Day 90, an early symptomatic disease stage. Disease progression was studied by behavioural and histological approaches. KEY RESULTS CTEP dose-dependently ameliorated clinical features in SOD1G93A mice. The lower dose increased survival and improved motor skills in female mice, with barely positive effects in male mice. Higher doses significantly ameliorated disease symptoms and survival in both males and females, females being more responsive. CTEP also reduced motor neuron death, astrocyte and microglia activation, and abnormal glutamate release in the spinal cord, with equal effects in male and female mice. No differences were also observed in CTEP access to the brain. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results suggest that mGlu5 receptors are promising targets for the treatment of ALS and highlight mGlu5 receptor NAMs as effective pharmacological tools with translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Genoa, Italy
| | - Carola Torazza
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Arianna Roberta Zerbo
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Frumento
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matilde Balbi
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - T P Nhung Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nadia Bertola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Ferrando
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Profumo
- IRCCS Ospedale policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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11
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Streffer J, Treyer V, Buck A, Ametamey SM, Blagoev M, Maguire RP, Gautier A, Auberson YP, Schmidt ME, Vranesic IT, Gomez-Mancilla B, Gasparini F. Regional brain mGlu5 receptor occupancy following single oral doses of mavoglurant as measured by [ 11C]-ABP688 PET imaging in healthy volunteers. Neuroimage 2021; 230:117785. [PMID: 33545349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mavoglurant binds to same allosteric site on metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) as [11C]-ABP688, a radioligand. This open-label, single-center pilot study estimates extent of occupancy of mGluR5 receptors following single oral doses of mavoglurant, using [11C]-ABP688 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, in six healthy males aged 20-40 years. This study comprised three periods and six subjects were divided into two cohorts. On Day 1 (Period 1), baseline clinical data and safety samples were obtained along with PET scan. During Period 2 (1-7 days after Period 1), cohort 1 and 2 received mavoglurant 25 mg and 100 mg, respectively. During Period 3 (7 days after Period 2), cohort 1 and 2 received mavoglurant 200 mg and 400 mg, respectively. Mavoglurant showed the highest distribution volumes in the cingulate region with lower uptake in cerebellum and white matter, possibly because myelinated axonal sheets maybe devoid of mGlu5 receptors. Maximum concentrations of mavoglurant were observed around 2-3.25 h post-dose. Mavoglurant passed the blood-brain barrier and induced dose- and exposure-dependent displacement of [11C]-ABP688 from the mGluR5 receptors, 3-4 h post-administration (27%, 59%, 74%, 85% receptor occupancy for mavoglurant 25 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg dose, respectively). There were no severe adverse effects or clinically significant changes in safety parameters. This is the first human receptor occupancy study completed with Mavoglurant. It served to guide the dosing of mavoglurant in the past and currently ongoing clinical studies. Furthermore, it confirms the utility of [11C]-ABP688 as a unique tool to study drug-induced occupancy of mGlu5 receptors in the living human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Streffer
- Division of Psychiatric Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milen Blagoev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph P Maguire
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Gautier
- Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yves P Auberson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Mark E Schmidt
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Ivan-Toma Vranesic
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Baltazar Gomez-Mancilla
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Gasparini
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.
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12
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Telias M. Pharmacological Treatments for Fragile X Syndrome Based on Synaptic Dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4394-4404. [PMID: 31682210 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191102165206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of monogenic hereditary cognitive impairment, including intellectual disability, autism, hyperactivity, and epilepsy. METHODS This article reviews the literature pertaining to the role of synaptic dysfunction in FXS. RESULTS In FXS, synaptic dysfunction alters the excitation-inhibition ratio, dysregulating molecular and cellular processes underlying cognition, learning, memory, and social behavior. Decades of research have yielded important hypotheses that could explain, at least in part, the development of these neurological disorders in FXS patients. However, the main goal of translating lab research in animal models to pharmacological treatments in the clinic has been so far largely unsuccessful, leaving FXS a still incurable disease. CONCLUSION In this concise review, we summarize and analyze the main hypotheses proposed to explain synaptic dysregulation in FXS, by reviewing the scientific evidence that led to pharmaceutical clinical trials and their outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Telias
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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13
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Jmaeff S, Sidorova Y, Lippiatt H, Barcelona PF, Nedev H, Saragovi LM, Hancock MA, Saarma M, Saragovi HU. Small-Molecule Ligands that Bind the RET Receptor Activate Neuroprotective Signals Independent of but Modulated by Coreceptor GFR α1. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:1-12. [PMID: 32362584 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.118950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) binds the GFRα1 receptor, and the GDNF-GFRα1 complex binds to and activates the transmembrane RET tyrosine kinase to signal through intracellular Akt/Erk pathways. To dissect the GDNF-GFRα1-RET signaling complex, agents that bind and activate RET directly and independently of GFRα1 expression are valuable tools. In a focused naphthalenesulfonic acid library from the National Cancer Institute database, we identified small molecules that are genuine ligands binding to the RET extracellular domain. These ligands activate RET tyrosine kinase and afford trophic signals irrespective of GFRα1 coexpression. However, RET activation by these ligands is constrained by GFRα1, likely via an allosteric mechanism that can be overcome by increasing RET ligand concentration. In a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa, monotherapy with a small-molecule RET agonist activates survival signals and reduces neuronal death significantly better than GDNF, suggesting therapeutic potential. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A genuine ligand of RET receptor ectodomain was identified, which acts as an agonist. Binding and agonism are independent of a coreceptor glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α, which is required by the natural growth factor glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and are selective for cells expressing RET. The lead agent protects neurons from death in vivo. This work validates RET receptor as a druggable therapeutic target and provides for potential leads to evaluate in neurodegenerative states. We also report problems that arise when screening chemical libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Jmaeff
- Lady Davis Institute - Jewish General Hospital (S.J., H.L., P.F.B., H.N., L.M.S., H.U.S.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (S.J., H.U.S.), and SPR-MS Facility (M.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Y.S., M.S.)
| | - Yulia Sidorova
- Lady Davis Institute - Jewish General Hospital (S.J., H.L., P.F.B., H.N., L.M.S., H.U.S.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (S.J., H.U.S.), and SPR-MS Facility (M.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Y.S., M.S.)
| | - Hayley Lippiatt
- Lady Davis Institute - Jewish General Hospital (S.J., H.L., P.F.B., H.N., L.M.S., H.U.S.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (S.J., H.U.S.), and SPR-MS Facility (M.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Y.S., M.S.)
| | - Pablo F Barcelona
- Lady Davis Institute - Jewish General Hospital (S.J., H.L., P.F.B., H.N., L.M.S., H.U.S.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (S.J., H.U.S.), and SPR-MS Facility (M.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Y.S., M.S.)
| | - Hinyu Nedev
- Lady Davis Institute - Jewish General Hospital (S.J., H.L., P.F.B., H.N., L.M.S., H.U.S.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (S.J., H.U.S.), and SPR-MS Facility (M.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Y.S., M.S.)
| | - Lucia M Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute - Jewish General Hospital (S.J., H.L., P.F.B., H.N., L.M.S., H.U.S.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (S.J., H.U.S.), and SPR-MS Facility (M.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Y.S., M.S.)
| | - Mark A Hancock
- Lady Davis Institute - Jewish General Hospital (S.J., H.L., P.F.B., H.N., L.M.S., H.U.S.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (S.J., H.U.S.), and SPR-MS Facility (M.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Y.S., M.S.)
| | - Mart Saarma
- Lady Davis Institute - Jewish General Hospital (S.J., H.L., P.F.B., H.N., L.M.S., H.U.S.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (S.J., H.U.S.), and SPR-MS Facility (M.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Y.S., M.S.)
| | - H Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute - Jewish General Hospital (S.J., H.L., P.F.B., H.N., L.M.S., H.U.S.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (S.J., H.U.S.), and SPR-MS Facility (M.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Y.S., M.S.)
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14
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Arsova A, Møller TC, Vedel L, Hansen JL, Foster SR, Gregory KJ, Bräuner-Osborne H. Detailed In Vitro Pharmacological Characterization of Clinically Tested Negative Allosteric Modulators of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:49-60. [PMID: 32358164 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.119032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative allosteric modulation of the metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor has emerged as a potential strategy for the treatment of neurologic disorders. Despite the success in preclinical studies, many mGlu5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) that have reached clinical trials failed due to lack of efficacy. In this study, we provide a detailed in vitro pharmacological characterization of nine clinically and preclinically tested NAMs. We evaluated inhibition of l-glutamate-induced signaling with Ca2+ mobilization, inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and real-time receptor internalization assays on rat mGlu5 expressed in HEK293A cells. Moreover, we determined association rates (kon) and dissociation rates (koff), as well as NAM affinities with [3H]methoxy-PEPy binding experiments. kon and koff values varied greatly between the nine NAMs (34- and 139-fold, respectively) resulting in long receptor residence times (>400 min) for basimglurant and mavoglurant, medium residence times (10-30 min) for AZD2066, remeglurant, and (RS)-remeglurant, and low residence times (<10 mins) for dipraglurant, F169521, F1699611, and STX107. We found that all NAMs inhibited l-glutamate-induced mGlu5 receptor internalization, generally with a similar potency to IP1 accumulation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas Ca2+ mobilization was less potently inhibited. Operational model of allosterism analyses revealed that dipraglurant and (RS)-remeglurant were biased toward (affinity) receptor internalization and away (cooperativity) from the ERK1/2 phosphorylation pathway, respectively. Our study is the first to measure mGlu5 NAM binding kinetics and negative allosteric modulation of mGlu5 receptor internalization and adds significant new knowledge about the molecular pharmacology of a diverse range of clinically relevant NAMs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor is important in many brain functions and implicated in several neurological pathologies. Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) have shown promising results in preclinical models but have so far failed in human clinical trials. Here we provide the most comprehensive and comparative molecular pharmacological study to date of nine preclinically/clinically tested NAMs at the mGlu5 receptor, which is also the first study to measure ligand binding kinetics and negative allosteric modulation of mGlu5 receptor internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Arsova
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Thor C Møller
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Line Vedel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Jakob Lerche Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Simon R Foster
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
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15
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Rossi R, Ciofalo M. Current Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pharmacologically Relevant 1,2,4,5-Tetrasubstituted-1H-Imidazole Derivatives. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191014154129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
:
In recent years, the synthesis and evaluation of the
biological properties of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole
derivatives have been the subject of a large number of studies
by academia and industry. In these studies it has been shown
that this large and highly differentiated class of heteroarene
derivatives includes high valuable compounds having important
biological and pharmacological properties such as
antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer,
antiviral, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, antifibrotic,
antiuricemic, antidiabetic, antileishmanial and antiulcer
activities.
:
The present review with 411 references, in which we focused on the literature data published mainly from 2011
to 2017, aims to update the readers on the recent developments on the synthesis and biological evaluation of
pharmacologically relevant 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole derivatives with an emphasis on their different
molecular targets and their potential use as drugs to treat various types of diseases. Reference was also
made to substantial literature data acquired before 2011 in this burgeoning research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa - via Moruzzi, 3, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ciofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo - Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 4, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
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16
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Masilamoni GJ, Smith Y. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in the primate motor thalamus: subsynaptic association with cortical and sub-cortical glutamatergic afferents. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2787-2804. [PMID: 31422483 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical evidence indicates that mGluR5 is a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. However, the mechanisms through which these therapeutic benefits are mediated remain poorly understood. Although the regulatory role of mGluR5 on glutamatergic transmission has been examined in various basal ganglia nuclei, very little is known about the localization and function of mGluR5 in the ventral motor and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, the main targets of basal ganglia output in mammals. Thus, we used immuno-electron microscopy to map the cellular and subcellular localization of group I mGluRs (mGluR1a and mGluR5) in the ventral motor and caudal intralaminar thalamic nuclei in rhesus monkeys. Furthermore, using double immuno-electron microscopy, we examined the subsynaptic localization of mGluR5 in relation to cortical and sub-cortical glutamatergic afferents. Four major conclusions can be drawn from these data. First, mGluR1a and mGluR5 are expressed postsynaptically on the plasma membrane of dendrites of projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons in the basal ganglia- and cerebellar-receiving regions of the ventral motor thalamus and in CM. Second, the plasma membrane-bound mGluR5 immunoreactivity is preferentially expressed perisynaptically at the edges of cortical and sub-cortical glutamatergic afferents. Third, the mGluR5 immunoreactivity is more strongly expressed in the lateral than the medial tiers of CM, suggesting a preferential association with thalamocortical over thalamostriatal neurons in the primate CM. Overall, mGluR5 is located to subserve powerful modulatory role of cortical and subcortical glutamatergic transmission in the primate ventral motor thalamus and CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasingh Jeyaraj Masilamoni
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. .,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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17
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Yohn SE, Galbraith J, Calipari ES, Conn PJ. Shared Behavioral and Neurocircuitry Disruptions in Drug Addiction, Obesity, and Binge Eating Disorder: Focus on Group I mGluRs in the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2125-2143. [PMID: 30933466 PMCID: PMC7898461 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated data from clinical and preclinical studies suggest that, in drug addiction and states of overeating, such as obesity and binge eating disorder (BED), there is an imbalance in circuits that are critical for motivation, reward saliency, executive function, and self-control. Central to these pathologies and the extensive topic of this Review are the aberrations in dopamine (DA) and glutamate (Glu) within the mesolimbic pathway. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) are highly expressed in the mesolimbic pathway and are poised in key positions to modulate disruptions in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release observed in drug addiction, obesity, and BED. The use of allosteric modulators of group I mGlus has been studied in drug addiction, as they offer several advantages over traditional orthosteric agents. However, they have yet to be studied in obesity or BED. With the substantial overlap between the neurocircuitry involved in drug addiction and eating disorders, group I mGlus may also provide novel targets for obesity and BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Yohn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - Jordan Galbraith
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - Erin S. Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
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18
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Zafarullah M, Tassone F. Molecular Biomarkers in Fragile X Syndrome. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E96. [PMID: 31035599 PMCID: PMC6562871 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability (ID) and a known monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is a trinucleotide repeat disorder, in which more than 200 CGG repeats in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene causes methylation of the promoter with consequent silencing of the gene, ultimately leading to the loss of the encoded fragile X mental retardation 1 protein, FMRP. FMRP is an RNA binding protein that plays a primary role as a repressor of translation of various mRNAs, many of which are involved in the maintenance and development of neuronal synaptic function and plasticity. In addition to intellectual disability, patients with FXS face several behavioral challenges, including anxiety, hyperactivity, seizures, repetitive behavior, and problems with executive and language performance. Currently, there is no cure or approved medication for the treatment of the underlying causes of FXS, but in the past few years, our knowledge about the proteins and pathways that are dysregulated by the loss of FMRP has increased, leading to clinical trials and to the path of developing molecular biomarkers for identifying potential targets for therapies. In this paper, we review candidate molecular biomarkers that have been identified in preclinical studies in the FXS mouse animal model and are now under validation for human applications or have already made their way to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Zafarullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, 95817 CA, USA.
| | - Flora Tassone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, 95817 CA, USA.
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, 95817 CA, USA.
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19
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Ondrejcak T, Hu NW, Qi Y, Klyubin I, Corbett GT, Fraser G, Perkinton MS, Walsh DM, Billinton A, Rowan MJ. Soluble tau aggregates inhibit synaptic long-term depression and amyloid β-facilitated LTD in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:582-590. [PMID: 30910746 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble synaptotoxic aggregates of the main pathological proteins of Alzheimer's disease, amyloid β-protein (Aß) and tau, have rapid and potent inhibitory effects on long-term potentiation (LTP). Although the promotion of synaptic weakening mechanisms, including long-term depression (LTD), is posited to mediate LTP inhibition by Aß, little is known regarding the action of exogenous tau on LTD. The present study examined the ability of different assemblies of full-length human tau to affect LTD in the dorsal hippocampus of the anaesthetized rat. Unlike Aß, intracerebroventricular injection of soluble aggregates of tau (SτAs), but not monomers or fibrils, potently increased the threshold for LTD induction in a manner that required cellular prion protein. However, MTEP, an antagonist of the putative prion protein coreceptor metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, did not prevent the disruption of synaptic plasticity by SτAs. In contrast, systemic treatment with Ro 25-6981, a selective antagonist at GluN2B subunit-containing NMDA receptors, reduced SτA-mediated inhibition of LTD, but not LTP. Intriguingly, SτAs completely blocked Aß-facilitated LTD, whereas a subthreshold dose of SτAs facilitated Aß-mediated inhibition of LTP. Overall, these findings support the importance of cellular prion protein in mediating a range of, sometimes opposing, actions of soluble Aß and tau aggregates with different effector mechanisms on synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ondrejcak
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Neng-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yingjie Qi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Grant T Corbett
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Graham Fraser
- Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Dominic M Walsh
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Billinton
- Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Michael J Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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20
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Graziani D, Caligari S, Callegari E, De Toma C, Longhi M, Frigerio F, Dilernia R, Menegon S, Pinzi L, Pirona L, Tazzari V, Valsecchi AE, Vistoli G, Rastelli G, Riva C. Evaluation of Amides, Carbamates, Sulfonamides, and Ureas of 4-Prop-2-ynylidenecycloalkylamine as Potent, Selective, and Bioavailable Negative Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1246-1273. [PMID: 30624919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) hold great promise for the treatment of a variety of central nervous system disorders. We have recently reported that prop-2-ynylidenecycloalkylamine derivatives are potent and selective NAMs of the mGlu5 receptor. In this work, we explored the amide, carbamate, sulfonamide, and urea derivatives of prop-2-ynylidenecycloalkylamine compounds with the aim of improving solubility and metabolic stability. In silico and experimental analyses were performed on the synthesized series of compounds to investigate structure-activity relationships. Compounds 12, 32, and 49 of the carbamate, urea, and amide classes, respectively, showed the most suitable cytochrome inhibition and metabolic stability profiles. Among them, compound 12 showed excellent selectivity, solubility, and stability profiles as well as suitable in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. It was highly absorbed in rats and dogs and was active in anxiety, neuropathic pain, and lower urinary tract models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Graziani
- Drug Discovery Department , Recordati S.p.A. , Via M. Civitali 1 , 20148 Milan , Italy
| | - Silvia Caligari
- Drug Discovery Department , Recordati S.p.A. , Via M. Civitali 1 , 20148 Milan , Italy
| | - Elisa Callegari
- Drug Discovery Department , Recordati S.p.A. , Via M. Civitali 1 , 20148 Milan , Italy
| | - Carlo De Toma
- Drug Discovery Department , Recordati S.p.A. , Via M. Civitali 1 , 20148 Milan , Italy
| | - Matteo Longhi
- Drug Discovery Department , Recordati S.p.A. , Via M. Civitali 1 , 20148 Milan , Italy
| | - Fabio Frigerio
- Drug Discovery Department , Recordati S.p.A. , Via M. Civitali 1 , 20148 Milan , Italy
| | - Roberto Dilernia
- Drug Discovery Department , Recordati S.p.A. , Via M. Civitali 1 , 20148 Milan , Italy
| | - Sergio Menegon
- Drug Discovery Department , Recordati S.p.A. , Via M. Civitali 1 , 20148 Milan , Italy
| | - Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103 , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Lorenza Pirona
- Drug Discovery Department , Recordati S.p.A. , Via M. Civitali 1 , 20148 Milan , Italy
| | - Valerio Tazzari
- Drug Discovery Department , Recordati S.p.A. , Via M. Civitali 1 , 20148 Milan , Italy
| | - Anna Elisa Valsecchi
- Drug Discovery Department , Recordati S.p.A. , Via M. Civitali 1 , 20148 Milan , Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103 , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Carlo Riva
- Drug Discovery Department , Recordati S.p.A. , Via M. Civitali 1 , 20148 Milan , Italy
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21
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Felts AS, Bollinger KA, Brassard CJ, Rodriguez AL, Morrison RD, Scott Daniels J, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Conn PJ, Emmitte KA, Lindsley CW. Discovery of 4-alkoxy-6-methylpicolinamide negative allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:47-50. [PMID: 30446311 PMCID: PMC6295259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This letter describes the further chemical optimization of VU0424238 (auglurant), an mGlu5 NAM clinical candidate that failed in non-human primate (NHP) 28 day toxicology due to accumulation of a species-specific aldehyde oxidase (AO) metabolite of the pyrimidine head group. Here, we excised the pyrimidine moiety, identified the minimum pharmacophore, and then developed a new series of saturated ether head groups that ablated any AO contribution to metabolism. Putative back-up compounds in this novel series provided increased sp3 character, uniform CYP450-mediated metabolism across species, good functional potency and high CNS penetration. Key to the optimization was a combination of matrix and iterative libraries that allowed rapid surveillance of multiple domains of the allosteric ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Felts
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Katrina A Bollinger
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christopher J Brassard
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ryan D Morrison
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kyle A Emmitte
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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22
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Sandoval GM, Shim S, Hong DS, Garrett AS, Quintin EM, Marzelli MJ, Patnaik S, Lightbody AA, Reiss AL. Neuroanatomical abnormalities in fragile X syndrome during the adolescent and young adult years. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 107:138-144. [PMID: 30408626 PMCID: PMC6249038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal brain development and cognitive dysfunction have been reported both in children and in adults with fragile X syndrome (FXS). However, few studies have examined neuroanatomical abnormalities in FXS during adolescence. In this study we focus on adolescent subjects with FXS (N = 54) as compared to age- and sex-matched subjects with idiopathic intellectual disability (Comparison Group) (N = 32), to examine neuroanatomical differences during this developmental period. Brain structure was assessed with voxel-based morphometry and independent groups t-test in SPM8 software. Results showed that the FXS group, relative to the comparison group, had significantly larger gray matter volume (GMV) in only one region: the bilateral caudate nucleus, but have smaller GMV in several regions including bilateral medial frontal, pregenual cingulate, gyrus rectus, insula, and superior temporal gyrus. Group differences also were noted in white matter regions. Within the FXS group, lower FMRP levels were associated with less GMV in several regions including cerebellum and gyrus rectus, and less white matter volume (WMV) in pregenual cingulate, middle frontal gyrus, and other regions. Lower full scale IQ within the FXS group was associated with larger right caudate nucleus GMV. In conclusion, adolescents and young adults with FXS demonstrate neuroanatomical abnormalities consistent with those previously reported in children and adults with FXS. These brain variations likely result from reduced FMRP during early neurodevelopment and mediate downstream deleterious effects on cognitive function.
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23
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Biased agonism and allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2323-2338. [PMID: 30389826 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors belong to class C G-protein-coupled receptors and consist of eight subtypes that are ubiquitously expressed throughout the central nervous system. In recent years, the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) has emerged as a promising target for a broad range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Drug discovery programs targetting mGlu5 are primarily focused on development of allosteric modulators that interact with sites distinct from the endogenous agonist glutamate. Significant efforts have seen mGlu5 allosteric modulators progress into clinical trials; however, recent failures due to lack of efficacy or adverse effects indicate a need for a better understanding of the functional consequences of mGlu5 allosteric modulation. Biased agonism is an interrelated phenomenon to allosterism, describing how different ligands acting through the same receptor can differentially influence signaling to distinct transducers and pathways. Emerging evidence demonstrates that allosteric modulators can induce biased pharmacology at the level of intrinsic agonism as well as through differential modulation of orthosteric agonist-signaling pathways. Here, we present key considerations in the discovery and development of mGlu5 allosteric modulators and the opportunities and pitfalls offered by biased agonism and modulation.
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24
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Belhocine A, Veglianese P, Hounsou C, Dupuis E, Acher F, Durroux T, Goudet C, Pin JP. Profiling of orthosteric and allosteric group-III metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands on various G protein-coupled receptors with Tag-lite ® assays. Neuropharmacology 2018; 140:233-245. [PMID: 30099051 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Group-III metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are important synaptic regulators and are potential druggable targets for Parkinson disease, autism and pain. Potential drugs include orthosteric agonists in the glutamate binding extracellular domain and positive allosteric modulators interacting with seven-pass transmembrane domains. Orthosteric agonists are rarely completely specific for an individual group-III mGlu subtype. Furthermore they often fail to pass the blood-brain barrier and they constitutively activate their target receptor. These properties limit the potential therapeutic use of orthosteric agonists. Allosteric modulators are more specific and maintain the biological activity of the targeted receptor. However, they bind in a hydrophobic pocket and this limits their bio-availability and increases possible off-target action. It is therefore important to characterize the action of potential drug targets with a multifaceted and deeply informative assay. Here we aimed at multifaceted deep profiling of the effect of seven different agonists, and seven positive allosteric modulators on 34 different G protein-coupled receptors by a Tag-lite® assay. Our results did not reveal off-target activity of mGlu orthosteric agonists. However, five allosteric modulators had either positive or negative effects on non-cognate G protein-coupled receptors. In conclusion, we demonstrate the power of the Tag-lite® assay for potential drug ligand profiling on G protein-coupled receptors and its potential to identify positive allosteric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Francine Acher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Cyril Goudet
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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25
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Fu T, Zheng G, Tu G, Yang F, Chen Y, Yao X, Li X, Xue W, Zhu F. Exploring the Binding Mechanism of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Negative Allosteric Modulators in Clinical Trials by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29522307 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) plays a key role in synaptic information storage and memory, which is a well-known target for a variety of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. In recent years, the increasing efforts have been focused on the design of allosteric modulators, and the negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) are the front-runners. Recently, the architecture of the transmembrane (TM) domain of mGlu5 receptor has been determined by crystallographic experiment. However, it has been not well understood how the pharmacophores of NAMs accommodated into the allosteric binding site. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on mGlu5 receptor bound with NAMs in preclinical or clinical development to shed light on this issue. In order to identify the key residues, the binding free energies as well as per-residue contributions for NAMs binding to mGlu5 receptor were calculated. Subsequently, the in silico site-directed mutagenesis of the key residues was performed to verify the accuracy of simulation models. As a result, the shared common features of the studied 5 clinically important NAMs (mavoglurant, dipraglurant, basimglurant, STX107, and fenobam) interacting with 11 residues in allosteric site were obtained. This comprehensive study presented a better understanding of mGlu5 receptor NAMs binding mechanism, which would be further used as a useful framework to assess and discover novel lead scaffolds for NAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fu
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guoxun Zheng
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gao Tu
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuzong Chen
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Xue
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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26
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Cosson V, Schaedeli-Stark F, Arab-Alameddine M, Chavanne C, Guerini E, Derks M, Mallalieu NL. Population Pharmacokinetic and Exposure-dizziness Modeling for a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 Negative Allosteric Modulator in Major Depressive Disorder Patients. Clin Transl Sci 2018; 11:523-531. [PMID: 29877614 PMCID: PMC6132363 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dizziness, the most frequently observed adverse event in patients with major depressive disorder, was observed with basimglurant, a selective, orally active metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 negative allosteric modulator. The potential relationship between dizziness and basimglurant exposure was explored. The pharmacokinetics of basimglurant was characterized with nonlinear mixed effects modeling using data from 288 trial participants enrolled in five clinical trials. The pharmacokinetics of basimglurant after daily oral administration of a modified release formulation was best described by a two-compartment disposition model with a transit compartment, lag time for the absorption, and first-order elimination. The largest covariate effects were the effect of smoking and male gender on apparent clearance followed by the effect of body weight on distribution volumes. Clearance was twofold higher in smokers and 40% higher in males. A logistic regression model showed a statistically significant correlation between basimglurant Cmax and incidence of dizziness. An increased risk of dizziness is predicted with increasing doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Cosson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Schaedeli-Stark
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mona Arab-Alameddine
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clarisse Chavanne
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Guerini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Derks
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Welwyn, Roche Products, Welwyn, UK
| | - Navita L Mallalieu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center New York, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, New York, New York, USA
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27
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Effect of the mGluR5-NAM Basimglurant on Behavior in Adolescents and Adults with Fragile X Syndrome in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial: FragXis Phase 2 Results. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:503-512. [PMID: 28816242 PMCID: PMC5770759 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical data suggest that inhibition of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) receptor might hold therapeutic benefits in Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Treatment of Fmr1 knockout mice with mGluR5-negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) has been reported to correct a broad range of phenotypes related to FXS. The early short-term clinical trials with mGluR5 NAMs, including basimglurant, assessing the effects in individuals with FXS, were supportive of further exploration in larger, well-controlled trials. We evaluated basimglurant, a potent and selective mGluR5 NAM, in a 12-week, double-blind, parallel-group study of 183 adults and adolescents (aged 14-50, mean 23.4 years) with FXS. Individuals with an FMR1 full mutation were randomized to placebo or one of two doses of basimglurant. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline in behavioral symptoms using the Anxiety Depression and Mood Scale (ADAMS) total score. All treatment arms showed marked behavioral improvements from baseline to week 12 with less improvement in the basimglurant 1.5 mg arm than placebo; however, basimglurant 0.5 mg was inferior to placebo in the ADAMs total score. Treatment with basimglurant was overall well-tolerated. A higher incidence of adverse events classified as psychiatric disorders were reported in patients treated with basimglurant, including three patients with hallucinations or psychosis. In this phase 2 clinical trial, basimglurant did not demonstrate improvement over placebo. Evaluation of the overall risk-benefit in younger patient populations is an important consideration for the design of potential further investigations of efficacy with this class of medications.
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28
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Das P, Takada M, Tokunaga E, Saito N, Shibata N. Synthesis of pyridine trans-tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfane derivatives via radical addition. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyridine-trans-SF4-alkenes or -alkanes have been synthesized for the first time via the radical addition reactions of pyridine-trans-SF4Cl to alkynes or alkenes in good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwalita Das
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Masahiro Takada
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | | | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
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Abd-Elrahman KS, Hamilton A, Hutchinson SR, Liu F, Russell RC, Ferguson SSG. mGluR5 antagonism increases autophagy and prevents disease progression in thezQ175mouse model of Huntington’s disease. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/510/eaan6387. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan6387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lacivita E, Perrone R, Margari L, Leopoldo M. Targets for Drug Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9114-9141. [PMID: 29039668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Various factors are involved in the etiopathogenesis of ASD, including genetic factors, environmental toxins and stressors, impaired immune responses, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. The heterogeneity in the phenotype among ASD patients and the complex etiology of the condition have long impeded the advancement of the development of pharmacological therapies. In the recent years, the integration of findings from mouse models to human genetics resulted in considerable progress toward the understanding of ASD pathophysiology. Currently, strategies to treat core symptoms of ASD are directed to correct synaptic dysfunctions, abnormalities in central oxytocin, vasopressin, and serotonin neurotransmission, and neuroinflammation. Here, we present a survey of the studies that have suggested molecular targets for drug development for ASD and the state-of-the-art of medicinal chemistry efforts in related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Perrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Margari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze e Organi di Senso, Unità di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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31
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David TK, Prashanth NK, Rajendraswami M, Pallalu D, Castelhano AL, Kates MJ, Blobaum AL, Jones CK, Emmitte KA, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Development and kilogram-scale synthesis of mGlu5 negative allosteric modulator VU0424238 (auglurant). Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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32
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Rakesh G, Pae CU, Masand PS. Beyond serotonin: newer antidepressants in the future. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 17:777-790. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1341310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopalkumar Rakesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash S. Masand
- Academic Medicine Education Institute, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Global Medical Education, New York, NY, USA
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33
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Felts AS, Rodriguez AL, Blobaum AL, Morrison RD, Bates BS, Thompson Gray A, Rook JM, Tantawy MN, Byers FW, Chang S, Venable DF, Luscombe VB, Tamagnan GD, Niswender CM, Daniels JS, Jones CK, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Emmitte KA. Discovery of N-(5-Fluoropyridin-2-yl)-6-methyl-4-(pyrimidin-5-yloxy)picolinamide (VU0424238): A Novel Negative Allosteric Modulator of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 Selected for Clinical Evaluation. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5072-5085. [PMID: 28530802 PMCID: PMC5484149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Preclinical evidence in support of
the potential utility of mGlu5 NAMs for the treatment of
a variety of psychiatric and neurodegenerative
disorders is extensive, and multiple such molecules have entered clinical
trials. Despite some promising results from clinical studies, no small
molecule mGlu5 NAM has yet to reach market. Here we present
the discovery and evaluation of N-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-6-methyl-4-(pyrimidin-5-yloxy)picolinamide
(27, VU0424238), a compound selected for clinical evaluation.
Compound 27 is more than 900-fold selective for mGlu5 versus the other mGlu receptors, and binding studies established
a Ki value of 4.4 nM at a known allosteric
binding site. Compound 27 had a clearance of 19.3 and
15.5 mL/min/kg in rats and cynomolgus monkeys, respectively. Imaging
studies using a known mGlu5 PET ligand demonstrated 50%
receptor occupancy at an oral dose of 0.8 mg/kg in rats and an intravenous
dose of 0.06 mg/kg in baboons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed N Tantawy
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Gilles D Tamagnan
- Molecular NeuroImaging, a Division of inviCRO , New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
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Zhang D, Qi Y, Klyubin I, Ondrejcak T, Sarell CJ, Cuello AC, Collinge J, Rowan MJ. Targeting glutamatergic and cellular prion protein mechanisms of amyloid β-mediated persistent synaptic plasticity disruption: Longitudinal studies. Neuropharmacology 2017; 121:231-246. [PMID: 28390893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are synaptotoxic, inappropriately increasing extracellular glutamate concentration and glutamate receptor activation to thereby rapidly disrupt synaptic plasticity. Thus, acutely promoting brain glutamate homeostasis with a blood-based scavenging system, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and blocking metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor or its co-receptor cellular prion protein (PrP), prevent the acute inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP) by exogenous Aβ. Here, we evaluated the time course of the effects of such interventions in the persistent disruptive effects of Aβ oligomers, either exogenously injected in wild type rats or endogenously generated in transgenic rats that model Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. We report that repeated, but not acute, systemic administration of recombinant GOT type 1, with or without the glutamate co-substrate oxaloacetate, reversed the persistent deleterious effect of exogenous Aβ on synaptic plasticity. Moreover, similar repetitive treatment reversibly abrogated the inhibition of LTP monitored longitudinally in freely behaving transgenic rats. Remarkably, brief repeated treatment with an mGlu5 receptor antagonist, basimglurant, or an antibody that prevents Aβ oligomer binding to PrP, ICSM35, also had similar reversible ameliorative effects in the transgenic rat model. Overall, the present findings support the ongoing development of therapeutics for early Alzheimer's disease based on these complementary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Qi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tomas Ondrejcak
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Claire J Sarell
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - John Collinge
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Michael J Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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35
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Galambos J, Bielik A, Krasavin M, Orgován Z, Domány G, Nógrádi K, Wágner G, Balogh GT, Béni Z, Kóti J, Szakács Z, Bobok A, Kolok S, Mikó-Bakk ML, Vastag M, Sághy K, Laszy J, Halász AS, Balázs O, Gál K, Greiner I, Szombathelyi Z, Keserű GM. Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of 3-((4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-fluoroquinoline-3-yl)sulfonyl)benzonitrile, a Novel Non-acetylenic Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGluR5) Negative Allosteric Modulator for Psychiatric Indications. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2470-2484. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- János Galambos
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | - Attila Bielik
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospekt, Peterhof, 198504 Russia
| | - Zoltán Orgován
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - György Domány
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | - Katalin Nógrádi
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | - Gábor Wágner
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Béni
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | - János Kóti
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szakács
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | - Amrita Bobok
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | - Sándor Kolok
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | | | - Mónika Vastag
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | - Katalin Sághy
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | - Judit Laszy
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | | | - Ottilia Balázs
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | - Krisztina Gál
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | - István Greiner
- Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21 Gyömrői
út, Budapest, 1103 Hungary
| | | | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
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36
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Lenz B, Brink A, Siam M, De Paepe A, Bassett S, Eichinger-Chapelon A, Maliver P, Neff R, Niederhauser U, Steinhuber B, Zurbach R, Singer T, Funk C, Schuler F, Albassam M, Schadt S. Application of Imaging Techniques to Cases of Drug-Induced Crystal Nephropathy in Preclinical Studies. Toxicol Sci 2017; 163:409-419. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lenz
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Brink
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monira Siam
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bassett
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eichinger-Chapelon
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maliver
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Neff
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Niederhauser
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Steinhuber
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Zurbach
- Roche Pharma Technical Operation, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Singer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Funk
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franz Schuler
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mudher Albassam
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York 10016
| | - Simone Schadt
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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37
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Emmitte KA. mGlu5negative allosteric modulators: a patent review (2013 - 2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:691-706. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1280466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Emmitte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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38
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Peterlik D, Stangl C, Bauer A, Bludau A, Keller J, Grabski D, Killian T, Schmidt D, Zajicek F, Jaeschke G, Lindemann L, Reber SO, Flor PJ, Uschold-Schmidt N. Blocking metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 relieves maladaptive chronic stress consequences. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 59:79-92. [PMID: 27524668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Etiology and pharmacotherapy of stress-related psychiatric conditions and somatoform disorders are areas of high unmet medical need. Stressors holding chronic plus psychosocial components thereby bear the highest health risk. Although the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) is well studied in the context of acute stress-induced behaviors and physiology, virtually nothing is known about its potential involvement in chronic psychosocial stress. Using the mGlu5 negative allosteric modulator CTEP (2-chloro-4-[2-[2,5-dimethyl-1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazol-4yl]ethynyl]pyridine), a close analogue of the clinically active drug basimglurant - but optimized for rodent studies, as well as mGlu5-deficient mice in combination with a mouse model of male subordination (termed CSC, chronic subordinate colony housing), we demonstrate that mGlu5 mediates multiple physiological, immunological, and behavioral consequences of chronic psychosocial stressor exposure. For instance, CTEP dose-dependently relieved hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunctions, colonic inflammation as well as the CSC-induced increase in innate anxiety; genetic ablation of mGlu5 in mice largely reproduced the stress-protective effects of CTEP and additionally ameliorated CSC-induced physiological anxiety. Interestingly, CSC also induced an upregulation of mGlu5 in the hippocampus, a stress-regulating brain area. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that mGlu5 is an important mediator for a wide range of chronic psychosocial stress-induced alterations and a potentially valuable drug target for the treatment of chronic stress-related pathologies in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peterlik
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Stangl
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Amelie Bauer
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Bludau
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jana Keller
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Grabski
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Killian
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Schmidt
- Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Zajicek
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Georg Jaeschke
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Discovery Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Basel, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lothar Lindemann
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Discovery Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter J Flor
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Nicole Uschold-Schmidt
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of patients suffering from major depression could be highly challenging for psychiatrists. Intractability as well as relapse is commonly seen among these patients, leading to functional impairment and poor quality of life. The present review discusses some of the novel investigational drugs that are under pre-clinical or clinical phases in the treatment of major depression. Areas covered: Molecules belonging to different classes such as triple reuptake inhibitors, opioid receptors, ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and neurotrophin in the treatment of major depression are covered in this article. Expert opinion: Although the historical discovery of earlier antidepressant molecules (iproniazid and imipramine) is through serendipitous discovery, the present research focuses on discovering novel molecules based on our current pathophysiological knowledge of the disease condition. The fast-acting antidepressant property of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor molecules, including ketamine is an exciting area of research. Other drug molecules such as amitifadine (triple reuptake inhibitor), ALKS-5461 (kappa receptor antagonist and mu opioidergic receptor agonist), rapastinel (NMDA glutamatergic receptor modulator) are under Phase-III clinical trials and could be approved in the near future for the treatment of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Dhir
- a Department of Neurology, School of Medicine , University of California Davis , Sacramento , CA , USA
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40
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Fowler S, Guerini E, Qiu N, Cleary Y, Parrott N, Greig G, Mallalieu NL. Low Potential of Basimglurant to Be Involved in Drug-Drug Interactions: Influence of Non–Michaelis-Menten P450 Kinetics on Fraction Metabolized. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:164-173. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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41
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Morissette M, Morin N, Grégoire L, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Di Paolo T. Brain α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in MPTP-lesioned monkeys and parkinsonian patients. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 109:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Mihov Y, Hasler G. Negative Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Subtype 5 in Addiction: a Therapeutic Window. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw002. [PMID: 26802568 PMCID: PMC4966271 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abundant evidence at the anatomical, electrophysiological, and molecular levels implicates metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) in addiction. Consistently, the effects of a wide range of doses of different mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) have been tested in various animal models of addiction. Here, these studies were subjected to a systematic review to find out if mGluR5 NAMs have a therapeutic potential that can be translated to the clinic. METHODS Literature on consumption/self-administration and reinstatement of drug seeking as outcomes of interest published up to April 2015 was retrieved via PubMed. The review focused on the effects of systemic (i.p., i.v., s.c.) administration of the mGluR5 NAMs 3-((2-Methyl-4-thiazolyl)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP) and 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) on paradigms with cocaine, ethanol, nicotine, and food in rats. RESULTS MTEP and MPEP were found to reduce self-administration of cocaine, ethanol, and nicotine at doses ≥1mg/kg and 2.5mg/kg, respectively. Dose-response relationship resembled a sigmoidal curve, with low doses not reaching statistical significance and high doses reliably inhibiting self-administration of drugs of abuse. Importantly, self-administration of cocaine, ethanol, and nicotine, but not food, was reduced by MTEP and MPEP in the dose range of 1 to 2mg/kg and 2.5 to 3.2mg/kg, respectively. This dose range corresponds to approximately 50% to 80% mGluR5 occupancy. Interestingly, the limited data found in mice and monkeys showed a similar therapeutic window. CONCLUSION Altogether, this review suggests a therapeutic window for mGluR5 NAMs that can be translated to the treatment of substance-related and addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Mihov
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Translational Research Center, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Translational Research Center, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
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43
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Computer-aided design of negative allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5): Comparative molecular field analysis of aryl ether derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1140-4. [PMID: 26826734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu receptors) have emerged as attractive targets for number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Recently, mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) have gained considerable attention in pharmacological research. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was performed on 73 analogs of aryl ether which were reported as mGluR5 NAMs. The study produced a statistically significant model with high correlation coefficient and good predictive abilities.
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44
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Peterlik D, Flor PJ, Uschold-Schmidt N. The Emerging Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Stress-Related Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:514-39. [PMID: 27296643 PMCID: PMC4983752 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150515234920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress-related psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depression, and alcohol abuse are an enormous public health concern. The etiology of these pathologies is complex, with psychosocial stressors being among the most frequently discussed risk factors. The brain glutamatergic neurotransmitter system has often been found involved in behaviors and pathophysiologies resulting from acute stress and fear. Despite this, relatively little is known about the role of glutamatergic system components in chronic psychosocial stress, neither in rodents nor in humans. Recently, drug discovery efforts at the metabotropic receptor subtypes of the glutamatergic system (mGlu1-8 receptors) led to the identification of pharmacological tools with emerging potential in psychiatric conditions. But again, the contribution of individual mGlu subtypes to the manifestation of physiological, molecular, and behavioral consequences of chronic psychosocial stress remains still largely unaddressed. The current review will describe animal models typically used to analyze acute and particularly chronic stress conditions, including models of psychosocial stress, and there we will discuss the emerging roles for mGlu receptor subtypes. Indeed, accumulating evidence indicates relevance and potential therapeutic usefulness of mGlu2/3 ligands and mGlu5 receptor antagonists in chronic stress-related disorders. In addition, a role for further mechanisms, e.g. mGlu7-selective compounds, is beginning to emerge. These mechanisms are important to be analyzed in chronic psychosocial stress paradigms, e.g. in the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) model. We summarize the early results and discuss necessary future investigations, especially for mGlu5 and mGlu7 receptor blockers, which might serve to suggest improved therapeutic strategies to treat stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J Flor
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Nicole Uschold-Schmidt
- Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Topiol S, Sabio M. 7TM X-ray structures for class C GPCRs as new drug-discovery tools. 1. mGluR5. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:484-494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sengmany K, Gregory KJ. Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5: molecular pharmacology, allosteric modulation and stimulus bias. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:3001-17. [PMID: 26276909 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5 ) is a family C GPCR that has been implicated in various neuronal processes and, consequently, in several CNS disorders. Over the past few decades, GPCR-based drug discovery, including that for mGlu5 receptors, has turned considerable attention to targeting allosteric binding sites. Modulation of endogenous agonists by allosteric ligands offers the advantages of spatial and temporal fine-tuning of receptor activity, increased selectivity and reduced adverse effects with the potential to elicit improved clinical outcomes. Further, with greater appreciation of the multifaceted nature of the transduction of mGlu5 receptor signalling, it is increasingly apparent that drug discovery must take into consideration unique receptor conformations and the potential for stimulus-bias. This novel paradigm proposes that different ligands may differentially modulate distinct signalling pathways arising from the same receptor. We review our current understanding of the complexities of mGlu5 receptor signalling and regulation, and how these relate to allosteric ligands. Ultimately, a deeper appreciation of these relationships will provide the foundation for targeted drug design of compounds with increased selectivity, not only for the desired receptor but also for the desired signalling outcome from the receptor. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sengmany
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - K J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Jiang L, Li Y, Qiao L, Chen X, He Y, Zhang Y, Li G. Discovery of potential negative allosteric modulators of mGluR5 from natural products using pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
mGluR5, which belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, is believed to be associated with many human diseases, such as a wide range of neurological disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and cancer. Comparing with compounds that target on the orthosteric binding site, significant roles have been established for mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) due to their higher subtype selectivity and more suitable pharmacokinetic profiles. Nevertheless, to date, none of them have come to market for various reasons. In this study, a 3D quantitative pharmacophore model was generated by using the HypoGen module in Discovery Studio 4.0. With several validation methods ultilized, the optimal pharmacophore model Hypo2 was selected to discover potential mGluR5 NAMs from natural products. Two hundred and seventeen potential NAMs were obtained after being filtered by Lipinski’s rule (≥4). Then, molecular docking was used to refine the pharmacophore-based screening results and analyze the binding mode of NAMs and mGluR5. Three compounds, aglaiduline, 5-O-ethyl-hirsutanonol, and yakuchinone A, with good ADMET properties, acceptable Fit value and estimated value, and high docking score, were reserved for a molecular dynamics simulation study. All of them have stability of ligand binding. From our computational results, there might exhibit drug-like negative allosteric moderating effects on mGluR5 in these natural products. This work provides a reliable method for discovering mGluR5 NAMs from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Jiang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Liansheng Qiao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yusu He
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Gongyu Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
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Isherwood SN, Pekcec A, Nicholson JR, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Dissociable effects of mGluR5 allosteric modulation on distinct forms of impulsivity in rats: interaction with NMDA receptor antagonism. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:3327-44. [PMID: 26063678 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Impaired N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signalling underlies several psychiatric disorders that express high levels of impulsivity. Although synergistic interactions exist between NMDA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), the significance of this interaction for impulsivity is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effects of negative and positive allosteric mGluR5 modulation (NAM/PAM) on trait impulsivity and impulsivity evoked by NMDA receptor antagonism in rats. METHODS Motor and choice impulsivity were assessed using the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) and delayed-discounting task (DDT), respectively. The effects of RO4917523 and 3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]pyridine (MTEP) (NAMs) and ADX47273 (PAM) were investigated in non-impulsive rats and in trait high- and low-impulsive rats. The effects of these compounds on impulsivity induced by NMDA receptor antagonism (MK801) in the 5-CSRTT were also investigated. RESULTS RO4917523 (0.1-1 mg/kg) decreased premature responding and increased omissions but had no effect on locomotor activity up to 0.1 mg/kg. MTEP significantly increased omissions, decreased accuracy and slowed responding but had no effect on premature responding. ADX47273 decreased premature responding at doses that had no effect on locomotor activity. MK801 increased premature responding and impaired attentional accuracy; these deficits were dose dependently rescued by ADX47273 pre-treatment. Allosteric modulation of mGluR5 had no significant effect on choice impulsivity, nor did it modulate general task performance. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that mGluR5 allosteric modulation selectively dissociates motor and choice impulsivity. We further show that mGluR5 PAMs may have therapeutic utility in selectively targeting specific aspects of impulsivity and executive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Isherwood
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Div. Research Germany, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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Yoshikawa K, Ohyama T, Takahashi E, Numajiri Y, Konno M, Moriyama M, Takemi N, Kunita K, Nishimura K, Hayashi R. Identification of alpha-substituted acylamines as novel, potent, and orally active mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3135-41. [PMID: 26112438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes the identification of a series of novel non-acetylenic mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators based on the alpha-substituted acylamine structure. An initial structure-activity relationship study suggested that (R)-19b and (R)-19j might have good in vitro activity. When administered orally, these compounds were found to have an anxiolytic-like effect in a mouse model of stress-induced hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Yoshikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan.
| | - Tomofumi Ohyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Eiki Takahashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Numajiri
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Konno
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Moriyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Natsumi Takemi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Kana Kunita
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishimura
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
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Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO. Basimglurant for treatment of major depressive disorder: a novel negative allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1074175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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