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Elvin OM, Modecki KL, Waters AM. An Expanded Conceptual Framework for Understanding Irritability in Childhood: The Role of Cognitive Control Processes. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024:10.1007/s10567-024-00489-0. [PMID: 38856946 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-024-00489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Children prone to irritability experience significant functional impairments and internalising and externalising problems. Contemporary models have sought to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in irritability, such as aberrant threat and reward biases to improve interventions. However, the cognitive control processes that underlie threat (e.g., attention towards threats) and reward (e.g., attention towards reward-related cues) biases and the factors which influence the differential activation of positive and negative valence systems and thus leading to maladaptive activation of cognitive control processes (i.e., proactive and reactive control) are unclear. Thus, we aim to integrate extant theoretical and empirical research to elucidate the cognitive control processes underlying threat and reward processing that contribute to irritability in middle childhood and provide a guiding framework for future research and treatment. We propose an expanded conceptual framework of irritability that includes broad intraindividual and environmental vulnerability factors and propose proximal 'setting' factors that activate the negative valence and positive valence systems and proactive and reactive cognitive control processes which underpin the expression and progression of irritability. We consider the implications of this expanded conceptualisation of irritability and provide suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Elvin
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kathryn L Modecki
- Centre for Mental Health and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia & Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Allison M Waters
- Centre for Mental Health and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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2
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Nazzari S, Grumi S, Mambretti F, Villa M, Giorda R, Bordoni M, Pansarasa O, Borgatti R, Provenzi L. Sex-dimorphic pathways in the associations between maternal trait anxiety, infant BDNF methylation, and negative emotionality. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:908-918. [PMID: 36855816 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Maternal antenatal anxiety is an emerging risk factor for child emotional development. Both sex and epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, may contribute to the embedding of maternal distress into emotional outcomes. Here, we investigated sex-dependent patterns in the association between antenatal maternal trait anxiety, methylation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF DNAm), and infant negative emotionality (NE). Mother-infant dyads (N = 276) were recruited at delivery. Maternal trait anxiety, as a marker of antenatal chronic stress exposure, was assessed soon after delivery using the Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y). Infants' BDNF DNAm at birth was assessed in 11 CpG sites in buccal cells whereas infants' NE was assessed at 3 (N = 225) and 6 months (N = 189) using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R). Hierarchical linear analyses showed that higher maternal antenatal anxiety was associated with greater 6-month-olds' NE. Furthermore, maternal antenatal anxiety predicted greater infants' BDNF DNAm in five CpG sites in males but not in females. Higher methylation at these sites was associated with greater 3-to-6-month NE increase, independently of infants' sex. Maternal antenatal anxiety emerged as a risk factor for infant's NE. BDNF DNAm might mediate this effect in males. These results may inform the development of strategies to promote mothers and infants' emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nazzari
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Grumi
- Developmental Psychobiology Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabiana Mambretti
- Molecular Biology Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Marco Villa
- Molecular Biology Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Roberto Giorda
- Molecular Biology Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Developmental Psychobiology Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Livio Provenzi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Developmental Psychobiology Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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3
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Penichet EN, Beam CR, Luczak SE, Davis DW. A genetically informed longitudinal study of early-life temperament and childhood aggression. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38557599 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The present study examined the longitudinal associations between three dimensions of temperament - activity, affect-extraversion, and task orientation - and childhood aggression. Using 131 monozygotic and 173 dizygotic (86 same-sex) twin pairs from the Louisville Twin Study, we elucidated the ages, from 6 to 36 months, at which each temperament dimension began to correlate with aggression at age 7. We employed latent growth modeling to show that developmental increases (i.e., slopes) in activity were positively associated with aggression, whereas increases in affect-extraversion and task orientation were negatively associated with aggression. Genetically informed models revealed that correlations between temperament and aggression were primarily explained by common genetic variance, with nonshared environmental variance accounting for a small proportion of each correlation by 36 months. Genetic variance explained the correlations of the slopes of activity and task orientation with aggression. Nonshared environmental variance accounted for almost half of the correlation between the slopes of affect-extraversion and aggression. Exploratory analyses revealed quantitative sex differences in each temperament-aggression association. By establishing which dimensions of temperament correlate with aggression, as well as when and how they do so, our work informs the development of future child and family interventions for children at highest risk of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Penichet
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R Beam
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Geronotology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan E Luczak
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah W Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Norton Children's Research Institute affiliated with the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Wagner KM, Sanchez D, Valdez CR. Maternal and Child Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Low-income Families of Color: The Mediating Role of Child Adaptability. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:287-294. [PMID: 35904678 PMCID: PMC10351487 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Maternal depressive symptoms are linked with child internalizing concerns, such as depressive symptoms. The impact that maternal depressive symptoms have on the onset and maintenance of child depressive symptoms might be especially salient in families of color who are low-income because of elevated rates of maternal depressive symptoms and environmental stressors in those populations. The relationship between maternal and child depressive symptoms might be partially explained by a child's capacity to flexibly respond to stressors in the environment, a construct known as adaptability. A simple mediation model was conducted with a sample of low-income, Black/African American and Latina mothers and their children (n = 128). Results suggested that child adaptability partially mediated the link between maternal and child depressive symptoms. We discussed how this study can inform research and practice that aim to assist low-income families of color with mental health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Wagner
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1701 Trinity Street, 78712, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Delida Sanchez
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1701 Trinity Street, 78712, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Carmen R Valdez
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1701 Trinity Street, 78712, Austin, TX, USA
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5
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Stavish CM, Lengua LJ. Parent Behaviors as Predictors of Preadolescent Appraisal and Coping. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 89:101599. [PMID: 37981997 PMCID: PMC10655564 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Preadolescent appraisal and coping are significant predictors of youth psychopathology. However, little research examines how parenting behaviors relate to the development of these skills by forming a key context in which children learn to manage stressors. This study examined how observed maternal and paternal behaviors derived from a parent-child interaction task relate to levels of and growth in child appraisal (threat, positive) and coping (active, avoidant) across three years in preadolescence (n = 214, ages 8-12 years old at Time 1). Greater maternal warmth predicted lower threat appraisal and avoidant coping, and greater maternal negativity predicted greater increases in avoidance. Increased paternal warmth predicted lower initial levels of threat appraisal. Boys showed less growth in active coping than girls. These findings suggest parenting behaviors relate to preadolescents' utilization of maladaptive coping strategies such as avoidance and may be important intervention targets for supporting youth managing stressors.
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De France K, Stack DM, Serbin LA. Associations between early poverty exposure and adolescent well-being: The role of childhood negative emotionality. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1808-1820. [PMID: 36039975 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using a longitudinal design (Wave 1 n = 164, Mage = 3.57 years, 54% female, predominantly White and French-speaking), the current study sought to answer two questions: 1) does poverty influence children's negative emotionality through heightened family-level, poverty-related stress? and 2) is negative emotionality, in turn, predictive of adolescent internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, cognitive abilities, and physical health? Results confirmed an indirect pathway from family poverty to child emotionality through poverty-related stress. In addition, negative emotionality was associated with adolescent internalizing symptoms, attention difficulties, and physical health, but not externalizing symptoms, even when controlling for early poverty exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalee De France
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dale M Stack
- Psychology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa A Serbin
- Psychology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Mohamed Ali O, Vandermeer MRJ, Liu P, Joanisse MF, Barch DM, Hayden EP. Associations between childhood irritability and neural reactivity to maternal feedback in adolescence. Biol Psychol 2023; 182:108645. [PMID: 37596151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Early irritability, a transdiagnostic vulnerability for psychopathology, is associated with alterations in neural reactivity to emotional stimuli and reward; however, associations between childhood irritability and neural markers of risk may be mitigated by the quality of caregiving youth receive. We examined longitudinal relationships between irritability in childhood and young adolescents' neural activity of regions typically associated with emotion regulation and reward processing during processing of maternal feedback and tested whether these associations were moderated by youth's perceptions of the parent-child relationship quality. Eighty-one adolescents (Mage = 11.1 years) listened to maternal critical and praising feedback while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Age 3 irritability, assessed observationally, was negatively associated with age 11 neural reactivity to maternal criticism in a cluster in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), particularly for youths who reported more positive maternal parenting. Given the role of the dlPFC activation in the effortful processing of emotional stimuli, decreased activation may reflect disengagement from negatively valenced interpersonal feedback in the context of a positive caregiving environment, thereby mitigating psychopathology risk associated with irritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Mohamed Ali
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Matthew R J Vandermeer
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Marc F Joanisse
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Hayden
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Ravi S, Havewala M, Kircanski K, Brotman MA, Schneider L, Degnan K, Almas A, Fox N, Pine DS, Leibenluft E, Filippi C. Parenting and childhood irritability: Negative emotion socialization and parental control moderate the development of irritability. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1444-1453. [PMID: 35039102 PMCID: PMC9289071 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Irritability, characterized by anger in response to frustration, is normative in childhood. While children typically show a decline in irritability from toddlerhood to school age, elevated irritability throughout childhood may predict later psychopathology. The current study (n = 78) examined associations between trajectories of irritability in early childhood (ages 2-7) and irritability in adolescence (age 12) and tested whether these associations are moderated by parenting behaviors. Results indicate that negative emotion socialization moderated trajectories of irritability - relative to children with low stable irritability, children who exhibited high stable irritability in early childhood and who had parents that exhibited greater negative emotion socialization behaviors had higher irritability in adolescence. Further, negative parental control behavior moderated trajectories of irritability - relative to children with low stable irritability, children who had high decreasing irritability in early childhood and who had parents who exhibited greater negative control behaviors had higher irritability in adolescence. In contrast, positive emotion socialization and control behaviors did not moderate the relations between early childhood irritability and later irritability in adolescence. These results suggest that both irritability in early childhood and negative parenting behaviors may jointly influence irritability in adolescence. The current study underscores the significance of negative parenting behaviors and could inform treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Ravi
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mazneen Havewala
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Katharina Kircanski
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa A. Brotman
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leslie Schneider
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn Degnan
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alisa Almas
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nathan Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney Filippi
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Pham C, Desmarais E, Jones V, French BF, Wang Z, Putnam S, Casalin S, Linhares MBM, Lecannelier F, Tuovinen S, Heinonen K, Raikkonen K, Montirosso R, Giusti L, Park SY, Han SY, Lee EG, Huitron B, de Weerth C, Beijers R, Majdandžić M, Gonzalez-Salinas C, Acar I, Slobodskaya H, Kozlova E, Ahmetoglu E, Benga O, Gartstein MA. Relations between bedtime parenting behaviors and temperament across 14 cultures. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1004082. [PMID: 36507001 PMCID: PMC9731114 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1004082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study examined parental sleep-supporting practices during toddlerhood in relation to temperament across 14 cultures. We hypothesized that passive sleep-supporting techniques (e.g., talking, cuddling), but not active techniques (e.g., walking, doing an activity together), would be associated with less challenging temperament profiles: higher Surgency (SUR) and Effortful Control (EC) and lower Negative Emotionality (NE), with fine-grained dimensions exhibiting relationships consistent with their overarching factors (e.g., parallel passive sleep-supporting approach effects for dimensions of NE). Methods Caregivers (N = 841) across 14 cultures (M = 61 families per site) reported toddler (between 17 and 40 months of age; 52% male) temperament and sleep-supporting activities. Utilizing linear multilevel regression models and group-mean centering procedures, we assessed the role of between- and within-cultural variance in sleep-supporting practices in relation to temperament. Results Both within-and between-culture differences in passive sleep-supporting techniques were associated with temperament attributes, (e.g., lower NE at the between-culture level; higher within-culture EC). For active techniques only within-culture effects were significant (e.g., demonstrating a positive association with NE). Adding sleep-supporting behaviors to the regression models accounted for significantly more between-culture temperament variance than child age and gender alone. Conclusion Hypotheses were largely supported. Findings suggest parental sleep practices could be potential targets for interventions to mitigate risk posed by challenging temperament profiles (e.g., reducing active techniques that are associated with greater distress proneness and NE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie Pham
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States,*Correspondence: Christie Pham,
| | - Eric Desmarais
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Victoria Jones
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Brian F. French
- College of Education, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- College of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Sara Casalin
- Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Soile Tuovinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katri Raikkonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rosario Montirosso
- 0-3 Centre for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Giusti
- 0-3 Centre for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Seong-Yeon Park
- Department of Child Development, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sae-Young Han
- Department of Child Development, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Gyoung Lee
- Department of Child Development, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul, South Korea,Ewha Social Science Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Blanca Huitron
- Department of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, México City, Mexico
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Department of Developmental Psychology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mirjana Majdandžić
- Department of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Ibrahim Acar
- Department of Psychology, Özyeğin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Helena Slobodskaya
- Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Kozlova
- Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Emine Ahmetoglu
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Trakya University in Edirne, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Oana Benga
- Department of Psychology, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria A. Gartstein
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Smith MR, Parrish KH, Shimomaeda L, Zalewski M, Rosen ML, Rodman A, Kasparek S, Mayes M, Meltzoff AN, McLaughlin KA, Lengua LJ. Early-childhood temperament moderates the prospective associations of coping with adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1011095. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1011095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While appraisal and coping are known to impact adolescent psychopathology, more vulnerable or resilient responses to stress may depend on individual temperament. This study examined early life temperament as a moderator of the prospective relations of pre-adolescent appraisal and coping with adolescent psychopathology. The sample included 226 (62% female, 14–15 years) adolescents with assessments starting at 3 years of age. Adolescents were predominately White (12% Black 9% Asian, 11% Latinx, 4% Multiracial, and 65% White). Observed early-childhood temperament (fear, frustration, executive control, and delay ability) were tested as moderators of pre-adolescent coping (active and avoidant) and appraisal (threat, positive) on internalizing and externalizing symptoms during the pandemic. Interaction effects were tested using regression in R. Sex and family context of stress were covariates. Early-childhood temperament was correlated with pre-adolescent symptoms, however, pre-adolescent appraisal and coping but not temperament predicted adolescent psychopathology. Frustration moderated the relations of active and avoidant coping and positive appraisal to symptoms such that coping and appraisal related to lower symptoms only for those low in frustration. Executive control moderated the associations of avoidant coping with symptoms such that avoidance reduced the likelihood of symptoms for youth low in executive control. Findings underscore the role of emotionality and self-regulation in youth adjustment, with the impact of coping differing with temperament. These findings suggest that equipping youth with a flexible assortment of coping skills may serve to reduce negative mental health outcomes.
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Lawson KM, Bleidorn W, Hopwood CJ, Cheng R, Robins RW. Trajectories of temperament from late childhood through adolescence and associations with anxiety and depression in young adulthood. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are pervasive and pernicious mental health problems for young adults. Developmental trajectories of adolescent temperament (Effortful Control, Negative Emotionality, and Positive Emotionality) may help us predict who will experience anxiety/depression during young adulthood. The present study used longitudinal data from a large, community sample of Mexican-origin youth ( N = 674) to examine how temperament develops across adolescence (age 10–16) and whether the developmental trajectories of temperament are associated with anxiety/depression during young adulthood (ages 19 and 21). Results indicate that Effortful Control, Negatively Emotionality, and the Affiliation facet of Positive Emotionality tend to decrease across adolescence, whereas Surgency tends to increase. Smaller decreases in Effortful Control and greater increases in Positive Emotionality across adolescence were associated with fewer anxiety/depression symptoms during young adulthood, whereas smaller decreases in Negative Emotionality were associated with more anxiety/depression symptoms later on. Thus, temperament development serves as both a protective factor (Effortful Control, Positive Emotionality) and a risk factor (Negative Emotionality) for later anxiety/depression in Mexican-origin youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wiebke Bleidorn
- University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Serrano S, Atherton OE, Robins RW, Damian RI. Whose self-control development suffers or benefits in the face of adversity? A longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth followed from age 10 to 16. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022; 36:653-664. [PMID: 37886041 PMCID: PMC10601790 DOI: 10.1177/08902070221080278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the co-development of adversity and effortful control based on a sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674) and their parents. We used a four-wave longitudinal design and followed target participants from age 10 to 16. At each time point, we measured adversity experienced by the children and their parents and children's effortful control (self- and parent-reported). We also assessed children's shift-and-persist coping strategies at ages 14 and 16. Across time, we found slight decreases in child-adversity and slight increases in parent-adversity. Based on bivariate LGC analyses, we found that the strongest effects surfaced for child- (vs. parent-) adversity. Specifically, we found that greater increases in child-adversity were associated with greater decreases in effortful control from ages 10 to 16. Moreover, we found a positive association between initial levels of child-adversity and the slope of effortful control, as well as a cross-sectional negative association between child- and parent-adversity and effortful control (at age 10). We found no evidence of moderation by shift-and-persist coping strategies. In sum, our results suggest that, on average, Mexican-origin youth exposed to more adversity might experience more maladaptive change with respect to effortful control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia E Atherton
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard W Robins
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Gartstein MA, Seamon DE, Mattera JA, Bosquet Enlow M, Wright RJ, Perez-Edgar K, Buss KA, LoBue V, Bell MA, Goodman SH, Spieker S, Bridgett DJ, Salisbury AL, Gunnar MR, Mliner SB, Muzik M, Stifter CA, Planalp EM, Mehr SA, Spelke ES, Lukowski AF, Groh AM, Lickenbrock DM, Santelli R, Du Rocher Schudlich T, Anzman-Frasca S, Thrasher C, Diaz A, Dayton C, Moding KJ, Jordan EM. Using machine learning to understand age and gender classification based on infant temperament. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266026. [PMID: 35417495 PMCID: PMC9007342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and gender differences are prominent in the temperament literature, with the former particularly salient in infancy and the latter noted as early as the first year of life. This study represents a meta-analysis utilizing Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R) data collected across multiple laboratories (N = 4438) to overcome limitations of smaller samples in elucidating links among temperament, age, and gender in early childhood. Algorithmic modeling techniques were leveraged to discern the extent to which the 14 IBQ-R subscale scores accurately classified participating children as boys (n = 2,298) and girls (n = 2,093), and into three age groups: youngest (< 24 weeks; n = 1,102), mid-range (24 to 48 weeks; n = 2,557), and oldest (> 48 weeks; n = 779). Additionally, simultaneous classification into age and gender categories was performed, providing an opportunity to consider the extent to which gender differences in temperament are informed by infant age. Results indicated that overall age group classification was more accurate than child gender models, suggesting that age-related changes are more salient than gender differences in early childhood with respect to temperament attributes. However, gender-based classification was superior in the oldest age group, suggesting temperament differences between boys and girls are accentuated with development. Fear emerged as the subscale contributing to accurate classifications most notably overall. This study leads infancy research and meta-analytic investigations more broadly in a new direction as a methodological demonstration, and also provides most optimal comparative data for the IBQ-R based on the largest and most representative dataset to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children’s Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Koraly Perez-Edgar
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Kristin A. Buss
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Vanessa LoBue
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | | | | | - Susan Spieker
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Amy L. Salisbury
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Megan R. Gunnar
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Shanna B. Mliner
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Maria Muzik
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Stifter
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Samuel A. Mehr
- Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Ashley M. Groh
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | | | - Rebecca Santelli
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, VA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Anjolii Diaz
- Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Dayton
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | | | - Evan M. Jordan
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
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14
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Winebrake DA, Almeida CF, Tuladhar CT, Kao K, Meyer JS, Tarullo AR. Social Fear in US Infants: The Roles of Hair and Salivary Cortisol. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022; 95:71-85. [PMID: 35370495 PMCID: PMC8961713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Elevated social fear in infancy poses risk for later social maladjustment and psychopathology. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC), an index of cumulative cortisol exposure, and diurnal salivary cortisol slope, a biomarker of acute stress regulation, have been associated with social fear behaviors in childhood; however, no research has addressed their relations in infancy. Elucidating potential biomarkers of infant social fear behaviors, as well as environmental factors associated with these biomarkers, may grant insights into the ontogeny of fear behaviors that increase risk for internalizing and externalizing psychopathologies later in life. The current study used multiple linear regression to examine if infant HCC, infant diurnal cortisol slope, and income-to-needs ratios (ITN) were differentially associated with observed social fear responses to a Stranger Approach task at 12 months. Using a sample of 90 infants (M age = 12.26m, SD = 0.81m, 50% female), results indicated that increased infant HCC was associated with increased distress vocalizations during the Stranger Approach task, while steeper diurnal cortisol slope was associated with fewer distress vocalizations. Ordinary least squares path analyses did not reveal group differences between economically strained and non-strained infants in how cortisol measures and social fear responses related. Findings underscore very early psychobiological correlates of fearfulness that may increase risk for fear-related disorders and adverse mental health symptomology across childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deaven A. Winebrake
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences,
Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
Deaven A. Winebrake, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston
University, Boston, MA; ; ORCID iD:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4279-7305
| | - Carlos F. Almeida
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences,
Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charu T. Tuladhar
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences,
Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie Kao
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerrold S. Meyer
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Amanda R. Tarullo
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences,
Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Herd T, Brieant A, King-Casas B, Kim-Spoon J. Associations between developmental patterns of negative parenting and emotion regulation development across adolescence. Emotion 2022; 22:270-282. [PMID: 34435842 PMCID: PMC8881298 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research has documented changes in parenting practices and in emotion regulation (ER) during adolescence. However, developmental trajectories of these constructs and how they may be linked are not clearly known. The present study examined longitudinal associations between developmental trajectories of negative parenting and developmental trajectories of ER (e.g., abilities and strategy use, including cognitive reappraisal and suppression). The sample included 167 adolescents (53% males) who were first recruited at age 13 or 14 years and assessed annually four times. Adolescents self-reported on the perceived degree of their parent's negative parenting and ER. Growth mixture modeling revealed two distinct trajectories of negative parenting across adolescence: Class 1 contained the majority of adolescents (84%), with moderate initial levels of negative parenting that decreased across adolescence; Class 2 contained a smaller group of adolescents (16%), reporting moderate initial levels of negative parenting that increased across adolescence. Though growth curve modeling did not reveal significant growth in ER across time in the sample as a whole, results from a two-group model demonstrated that ER development significantly differs depending on adolescents' experiences of negative parenting trajectories. Adolescents experiencing decreases in negative parenting showed significant increases in ER abilities and no significant changes in suppression. Adolescents experiencing increases in negative parenting exhibited significant decreases in ER abilities. Adolescent's cognitive reappraisal was unaffected by negative parenting. The findings underscore the significant role of differential parenting environments in the development of ER abilities during adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toria Herd
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Alexis Brieant
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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16
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Sutin AR, Strickhouser JE, Sesker AA, Terracciano A. Prenatal and postnatal maternal distress and offspring temperament: A longitudinal study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 147:262-268. [PMID: 35074742 PMCID: PMC8939128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Maternal distress experienced prenatally and in the child's first year of life has been associated consistently with offspring psychopathology. Less research has addressed whether it is also associated with variations in psychological traits. The present research used two samples from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children to examine the association between maternal prenatal and postnatal distress and offspring temperament across childhood. Maternal distress experienced by mothers was associated with higher offspring reactivity and lower offspring persistence. These associations replicated across both types of maternal distress (prenatal/postnatal), across two different measures of temperament, and remained significant controlling for maternal distress concurrent with the temperament measures and controlling for maternal personality. There was less evidence that either type of maternal distress was associated with sociability and no evidence that it was associated with the trajectory of the three dimensions of temperament across childhood. Maternal distress is associated with traits that reflect dysregulation and may be one mechanism through which prenatal and early life factors contribute to individual differences in psychological function.
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17
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Payen A, Chen MJ, Carter TG, Kilmer RP, Bennett JM. Childhood ADHD, Going Beyond the Brain: A Meta-Analysis on Peripheral Physiological Markers of the Heart and the Gut. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:738065. [PMID: 35299964 PMCID: PMC8921263 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.738065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed in children. Questions regarding its increased diagnostic rates and pharmacological treatments in developing children have led to a more holistic review of the multi-system pathophysiology observed in ADHD. The dopaminergic neurotransmitter system, known for its influence on reward-motivated behaviors and motor control, and the frontostriatal systems, that mediate motor, cognition, and behavior, are associated with ADHD's development. However, studies have shown that these neural systems do not wholly account for ADHD's multilayered and heterogeneous symptom presentation. For instance, the literature suggests that emotional dysregulation, the inability to regulate one's emotional responses to provoking stimuli, is associated with increased risk for social impairment in ADHD. A broader examination of physiological systems in children with ADHD has found potential markers in the heart-brain and gut-brain axes that correspond with certain behaviors associated with emotional dysregulation in recent studies. Hence, the purpose of this meta-analysis is to aggregate ten applicable published case studies and analyze task-related heart rate reactivity (HRR; n = 5 studies) and gut microbiota (n = 5 studies) data in children with and without ADHD. Data from a total of 531 youth with ADHD and 603 youth without ADHD revealed significant small and medium effect sizes for higher Chao1 levels and Actinobacteria levels in the ADHD group, respectively, but no evidence of altered task-related HRR. Thus, further research into multi-system psychophysiological measures of emotional dysregulation and ADHD is warranted. The clinical, empirical, and educational implications of these findings are discussed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier PROSPERO (CRD42021236819).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameanté Payen
- Health Psychology PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Michelle J. Chen
- Health Psychology PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - T. Grace Carter
- Health Psychology PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Ryan P. Kilmer
- Health Psychology PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Jeanette M. Bennett
- Health Psychology PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeanette M. Bennett,
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18
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Halvorson MA, King KM, Lengua LJ. Examining interactions between negative emotionality and effortful control in predicting preadolescent adjustment problems. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 79:101374. [PMID: 35221412 PMCID: PMC8865403 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Negative emotionality and effortful control consistently predict child adjustment, yet few studies explore their interactive effects on adjustment. In concurrent and longitudinal (one-year follow-up) analyses, we examined negative emotionality-by-effortful control interactions in predicting anxiety, depression, and conduct problems in 214 children aged 8-12. Temperament was assessed using behavioral tasks measuring fear, frustration, executive control, and delay ability. An interaction between frustration and executive control predicting conduct problems was observed; higher executive control was related to fewer concurrent conduct problems for those moderate to high in frustration, but did not predict conduct problems for those low in frustration. This interaction did not predict conduct problems one year later. No support was found for negative emotionality-by-effortful control interactions predicting anxiety or depression. Our findings highlight the importance of executive control during preadolescence and provide mixed evidence regarding whether facets of negative emotionality and executive control interact with one another to influence adjustment.
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19
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Ostlund B, Myruski S, Buss K, Pérez-Edgar KE. The centrality of temperament to the research domain criteria (RDoC): The earliest building blocks of psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:1584-1598. [PMID: 34365985 PMCID: PMC10039756 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The research domain criteria (RDoC) is an innovative approach designed to explore dimensions of human behavior. The aim of this approach is to move beyond the limits of psychiatric categories in the hope of aligning the identification of psychological health and dysfunction with clinical neuroscience. Despite its contributions to adult psychopathology research, RDoC undervalues ontogenetic development, which circumscribes our understanding of the etiologies, trajectories, and maintaining mechanisms of psychopathology risk. In this paper, we argue that integrating temperament research into the RDoC framework will advance our understanding of the mechanistic origins of psychopathology beginning in infancy. In illustrating this approach, we propose the incorporation of core principles of temperament theories into a new "life span considerations" subsection as one option for infusing development into the RDoC matrix. In doing so, researchers and clinicians may ultimately have the tools necessary to support emotional development and reduce a young child's likelihood of psychological dysfunction beginning in the first years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Ostlund
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, US
| | - Sarah Myruski
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, US
| | - Kristin Buss
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, US
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, US
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20
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Lengua LJ, Thompson SF, Ruberry EJ, Kiff CJ, Klein MR, Moran LR, Zalewski M. Concurrent and prospective effects of income, adversity, and parenting behaviors on middle‐childhood effortful control and adjustment. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lyndsey R. Moran
- Boston Child Study Center McLean Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
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21
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Campagna AX, Pham CN, Gartstein MA. Understanding emerging regulation: The role of frontal electroencephalography asymmetry and negative affectivity. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22198. [PMID: 34674241 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined frontal electroencephalography (EEG) asymmetry and negative affectivity (NA) as predictors of infant behaviors during the Still-Face Paradigm (SFP). It was hypothesized that infants with lower NA subscale scores who also demonstrate greater left frontal activation would exhibit more frequent social engagement and self-soothing behaviors during the SFP. Mothers reported infant temperament at 6-12 months of age (N = 62), and EEG was recorded during a baseline task and the SFP. Social engagement, distress, and self-soothing behaviors were coded during the SFP. A three-factor solution emerged based on exploratory factor analysis of eight infant behaviors. After considering bivariate relations, multiple regression analyses predicting the behavior factor labeled social engagement (containing vocalizations and handwaving; average factor loading = .56) were conducted separately for asymmetry and NA subscales, controlling for infant sex and age. The SFP asymmetry predicted social engagement after controlling for covariates and baseline asymmetry; however, NA subscales (falling reactivity and distress to limitations) did not uniquely explain significant variance. These findings highlight the importance of frontal EEG asymmetry in contributing to emerging social engagement and regulation in infancy. Implications include potentially utilizing asymmetry markers as screening and intervention targets in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra X Campagna
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Christie N Pham
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Maria A Gartstein
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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22
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Ochi M, Fujiwara T. Paternal childcare in early childhood and problematic behavior in children: a population-based prospective study in Japan. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:397. [PMID: 34507526 PMCID: PMC8431892 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been numerous reports on the effects of paternal childcare on children's behavioral development. However, little is known about these effects in Asian countries such as Japan, where fathers do not have sufficient time for childcare due to long working hours. This study explored the association between paternal childcare during toddlerhood in terms of childcare hours and the type of caregiving behavior and subsequent behavioral problems in children aged 5.5 years, stratified by sex. METHODS We analyzed data from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the twenty-first Century (2001-2006), a population-based cohort survey in Japan (N = 27,870). Paternal childcare was assessed at 18 months in terms of paternal childcare hours on weekdays or weekends and the frequency of each type of childcare (feeding, changing diapers, bathing, putting the child to sleep, playing with the child at home, and taking the child outside). Based on the frequency or lack of paternal involvement, six categories of child behavioral problems were assessed when the children were 5.5 years old. Logistic regression analysis was applied to account for the known confounding variables. RESULTS Longer paternal childcare hours, on both weekdays and weekends in toddlerhood, had a protective effect on behavioral problems at 5.5 years of age. The dose-effect relationships were found between the frequency of fathers taking their children outside and behavioral problems in boys, and the frequency of fathers playing with their children at home and behavioral problems in both boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS Paternal childcare during toddlerhood could prevent subsequent behavioral problems in children. Several specific paternal caregiving behaviors, such as taking their children outside and playing with them at home, may play an important role in preventing subsequent behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Ochi
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako City, Saitama, Japan.
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Cundiff JM, Duggan KA, Xia M, Matthews KA. Prospective Associations of Parenting and Childhood Maltreatment with Personality in Adolescent Males. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:417-434. [PMID: 33792995 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examines whether early experiences with caregivers between the ages of 10 and 12 are associated with later adolescent personality at age 16 using both parent and child reports. Lower positive parenting was prospectively associated with higher neuroticism and lower extraversion and conscientiousness for both parent and self-reports of personality, as well as lower openness and agreeableness by parent report. Substantiated maltreatment was prospectively associated with greater neuroticism and lower agreeableness and conscientiousness assessed by parent report. Prospective associations were similar across Black and White participants. Positive parenting and, to a lesser extent, a lack of maltreatment were associated with adaptive personality profiles in adolescents, and associations were stronger for parent reports of personality.
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24
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Franssens R, Abrahams L, Brenning K, Van Leeuwen K, De Clercq B. Unraveling Prospective Reciprocal Effects between Parental Invalidation and Pre-Adolescents' Borderline Traits: Between- and Within-Family Associations and Differences with Common Psychopathology-Parenting Transactions. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1387-1401. [PMID: 34021460 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of borderline personality pathology has consistently been framed as an interactional process between child vulnerability (i.e. emotional sensitivity and reactivity; Linehan, 1993) and invalidating parenting strategies, which evolves into increased emotion dysregulation and disinhibited behavior of the child and in turn activates more parental invalidation. Despite the strong theoretical base in support of these high-risk parent-child transactions, invalidating parenting behaviors have mostly been explored as a cause of child dysregulation and disinhibition, rather than as a result of child-driven effects. Also, most transactional research in this regard focused at differences between families, thereby not addressing potential changes within families across time. The current study therefore examines bidirectional between- and within-family effects of childhood borderline-related traits and maternal invalidation in the sensitive developmental phase of pre-adolescence (n = 574; 54.4% girls) along three assessment points. Cross-Lagged Panel Models and Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models indicated detrimental parenting effects of invalidation on subsequent development in borderline-related traits of the child both between and within families, and additional child-driven effects for subsequent invalidating parenting strategies within families. Beyond these transactions between borderline-related traits and parenting, the current study also indicates significant differences in the direction of effects when exploring transactions between more common dimensions of child internalizing/externalizing symptomatology and parental invalidation, suggesting a more substantial parenting etiology in the developmental process of borderline traits throughout pre-adolescence. Future longitudinal research may explore to what extent the transactional nature of borderline personality traits during important developmental stages indeed holds unique aspects compared to more common manifestations of symptomatology at young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Franssens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University. H, Dunantlaan 2, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Loes Abrahams
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University. H, Dunantlaan 2, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Katrijn Brenning
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University. H, Dunantlaan 2, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Barbara De Clercq
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University. H, Dunantlaan 2, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
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Wang M, Niu H, Liu L. Intergenerational Transmission of Corporal Punishment: The Independent and Interactive Moderating Role of Children's Negative Affectivity and Effortful Control. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP4588-NP4610. [PMID: 30132715 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518794513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the independent and interactive moderating effects of children's negative affectivity (NA) and effortful control (EC) on the relations between parental childhood history of corporal punishment (CP) and their current use of CP. A total of 634 Chinese father-mother dyads with preschoolers (M age = 4.69 years, 53.8% boys) reported on their experience of CP in childhood, their current use of CP toward children, and their children's NA and EC. For both mothers and fathers, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that children's NA and EC independently and interactively moderated the relations between parental childhood history of CP and their current use of CP. Specifically, high NA intensified but high EC weakened the relations between parental childhood history of CP and their current use of CP. Moreover, high EC also weakened the intensifying effect of NA, with the intergenerational stability of CP being weakest and even disrupted when children were at low NA and high EC meanwhile. Findings from the present study highlight the importance of considering how the child factor may influence the intergenerational transmission of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Niu
- Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P. R. China
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26
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YILDIZ BB, MUTLU C, OCAKOĞLU FT, DOĞAN EB, YALÇIN Ö, DUT R, KARAÇETİN G. Relationship of Temperament Differences with Diagnosis, Severity and Accompanying Psychiatric Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2021; 59:26-32. [PMID: 35317508 PMCID: PMC8895812 DOI: 10.29399/npa.27830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Temperament differences were shown in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, associations of temperament with ASD severity and accompanying psychiatric symptoms have yet to be studied. METHODS We evaluated 58 ASD-diagnosed children's temperaments through disorder severity and psychiatric symptoms and compared them with 58 typically developed children. We utilized the Children's Behavior Questionnaire-Short Form, The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to evaluate psychiatric symptoms and ASD severity levels of children. RESULTS Negative affect, effortful control, and perceptual sensitivity were found lower in ASD-diagnosed children and decreased with ASD severity. Effortful control was also found negatively correlated with scores of behavioral problems, hyperactivity, and total difficulties. Besides, anger/frustration was found predictive for conduct and peer problems, and total difficulty scores. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed to verify and expand these pioneer findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Birsen YILDIZ
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Caner MUTLU
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Tuna OCAKOĞLU
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Bilgen DOĞAN
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özhan YALÇIN
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Raziye DUT
- Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül KARAÇETİN
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Otterpohl N, Wild E, Havighurst SS, Stiensmeier-Pelster J, Kehoe CE. The Interplay of Parental Response to Anger, Adolescent Anger Regulation, and Externalizing and Internalizing Problems: A Longitudinal Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 50:225-239. [PMID: 33712990 PMCID: PMC8813686 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported substantive correlations between anger socialization, children’s anger regulation, and internalizing/externalizing problems. However, substantially less is known about the interplay among these constructs during the developmental stage of adolescence, and longitudinal studies on causal relations (i.e., parent-directed, adolescent-directed, or reciprocal effects) are rare. It is also unclear whether the development of internalizing and externalizing problems have similar causal relations. We collected three waves of longitudinal data (Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 9) from multiple informants. A sample of N = 634 adolescents (mostly 11–12 years at Time 1; 50.6% male) and their parents (predominantly Caucasian with German nationality) completed questionnaires assessing parents’ responses to anger, adolescents’ anger regulation, and adolescents’ internalizing/externalizing problems at each wave. Comparisons of different cross-lagged models revealed reciprocal rather than unidirectional effects. However, we found more parent-directed effects with respect to the development of internalizing problems, whereas relations regarding externalizing problems were more adolescent-directed, i.e., adolescents’ externalizing problems and their anger regulation predicted changes in their parents’ responses to anger across time. Adolescent anger regulation was an important maintaining factor of parents’ responses to anger in later adolescence. Our findings suggest that assumptions regarding bidirectional relations should be emphasized much more in emotion socialization frameworks, particularly for the period of adolescence. Moreover, our study emphasizes the transdiagnostic importance of parents’ responses to anger for both externalizing and internalizing problems and also suggests different underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantje Otterpohl
- Department of Psychology and Sports, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Elke Wild
- Department of Psychology and Sports, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sophie S Havighurst
- Department of Psychiatry, Mindful-Centre for Training and Research in Developmental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Christiane E Kehoe
- Department of Psychiatry, Mindful-Centre for Training and Research in Developmental Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Lawler JM, Hruschak J, Aho K, Liu Y, Ip KI, Lajiness‐O’Neill R, Rosenblum KL, Muzik M, Fitzgerald KD. The error-related negativity as a neuromarker of risk or resilience in young children. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02008. [PMID: 33354942 PMCID: PMC7994696 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The error-related negativity (ERN) is a neural response that reflects error monitoring. Contradictorily, an enlarged (more negative) ERN has been cited as both a risk factor and a protective factor, which hinders its utility as a predictive indicator. The aim of the current study was to examine the associations between ERN measured in early childhood with the development of cognitive control (CC), emotion regulation, and internalizing/externalizing symptoms over 1-2 years. METHODS When children were ages 5-7, EEG was collected during a Go/No-Go task. A subset of the original participants (n = 30) were selected based on their baseline ERN in an extreme-case design: half with high-amplitude ERN, matched by age and sex with another group with low-amplitude ERN. RESULTS At follow-up, children in the High-Amplitude group showed better executive function, less self-reported anxiety and depression, less affect dysregulation, more parent-rated CC, less lability/negativity, and fewer parent-reported externalizing problems. Many results held even when accounting for baseline levels. Further, emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between the ERN and both anxiety and externalizing problems, while CC mediated the ERN's relationship with externalizing problems only. CONCLUSIONS These results can inform identification and intervention efforts for children at risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanni Liu
- University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
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Eggers K, Millard S, Kelman E. Temperament and the Impact of Stuttering in Children Aged 8-14 Years. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:417-432. [PMID: 33465312 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The goal of this study was to evaluate possible associations between child- and mother-reported temperament, stuttering severity, and child-reported impact of stuttering in school-age children who stutter. Method Participants were 123 children who stutter (94 boys and 29 girls) who were between 9;0 and 14;10 (years;months) and their mothers. Temperament was assessed with the revised child and parent version of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (Ellis & Rothbart, 2001). The Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (Yaruss & Quesal, 2006) was used to evaluate the stuttering impact. Results Child- and mother-reported Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised temperament factors correlated moderately. No statistically significant associations were found between temperament and stuttering severity. The temperament factors of Surgency (both child- and mother-reported) and Negative Affect (only child-reported) correlated moderately with the Overall Impact and several subsections (i.e., Speaker's Reactions, Daily Communication, and/or Quality of Life) of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Conclusions More extraverted and less fearful/shy children experience a lower overall impact of their stuttering. Children with higher levels of irritability and frustration experience a higher overall impact of their stuttering. Since children's ratings of temperament were more sensitive to these associations than mothers, this study supports the inclusion of child-reported temperament questionnaires in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Eggers
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Thomas More University College, Belgium
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Sharon Millard
- Michael Palin Centre, London, United Kingdom
- City, University of London, United Kingdom
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Chavez Arana C, de Pauw SS, van IJzendoorn MH, de Maat DA, Kok R, Prinzie P. No differential susceptibility or diathesis stress to parenting in early adolescence: Personality facets predicting behaviour problems. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Omer S, Leonard HC. Internalising symptoms in Developmental Coordination Disorder: The indirect effect of everyday executive function. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 109:103831. [PMID: 33360963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) report elevated executive function (EF) difficulties and internalising symptoms. Previous research suggests EF is important for wellbeing, yet no research has examined its role in internalising symptoms in DCD. AIMS To explore an indirect relationship between DCD and internalising symptoms, through everyday EF difficulties. METHOD AND PROCEDURES Thirty-two children with a DCD diagnosis and 51 typically-developing children (ages 8-15) participated. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect parent-reported EF and self-reported internalising symptoms. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Internalising symptoms and everyday EF difficulties were significantly higher in the DCD group. A bias-corrected, bootstrapped mediation analysis identified an indirect effect of everyday EF difficulties on the relationship between DCD diagnosis and internalising symptoms. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This supports previous research indicating that individuals with DCD experience greater levels of internalising symptoms and EF difficulties than peers. It is the first to suggest an indirect effect of everyday EF difficulties in the pathway between DCD and internalising symptoms. This highlights hypotheses for future research into the role of EFs in understanding mental health in DCD. It suggests benefits from increased awareness, routine screening, and intervention for mental health and EF in people with poor motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serif Omer
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley C Leonard
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Neppl TK, Jeon S, Diggs O, Donnellan MB. Positive parenting, effortful control, and developmental outcomes across early childhood. Dev Psychol 2020; 56:444-457. [PMID: 32077716 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated bidirectional associations between mother and father positive parenting and child effortful control. Data were drawn from 220 families when children were 3, 4, 5, and 6 years old. Parenting and effortful control were assessed when the child was 3, 4, and 5 years old. These variables were used to statistically predict child externalizing and school performance assessed when the child was 6 years old. The study used random intercept cross-lagged panel models to evaluate within-person and between-person associations between parenting and effortful control. Results suggest that prior positive parenting was associated with later effortful control, whereas effortful control was not associated with subsequent parenting from ages 3 to 5. Stable between-child differences in effortful control from ages 3 to 5 were associated with school performance at age 6. These stable between-child differences in effortful control were correlated with externalizing at age 3. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia K Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| | - Shinyoung Jeon
- Early Childhood Education Institute, University of Oklahoma-Tulsa
| | - Olivia Diggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
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Quiñones-Camacho LE, Fishburn FA, Camacho MC, Hlutkowsky CO, Huppert TJ, Wakschlag LS, Perlman SB. Parent-child neural synchrony: a novel approach to elucidating dyadic correlates of preschool irritability. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:1213-1223. [PMID: 31769511 PMCID: PMC7247953 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research to date has largely conceptualized irritability in terms of intraindividual differences. However, the role of interpersonal dyadic processes has received little consideration. Nevertheless, difficulties in how parent-child dyads synchronize during interactions may be an important correlate of irritably in early childhood. Innovations in developmentally sensitive neuroimaging methods now enable the use of measures of neural synchrony to quantify synchronous responses in parent-child dyads and can help clarify the neural underpinnings of these difficulties. We introduce the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule: Biological Synchrony (DB-DOS:BioSync) as a paradigm for exploring parent-child neural synchrony as a potential biological mechanism for interpersonal difficulties in preschool psychopathology. METHODS Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) 4- to 5-year-olds (N = 116) and their mothers completed the DB-DOS:BioSync while assessing neural synchrony during mild frustration and recovery. Child irritability was measured using a latent irritability factor that was calculated from four developmentally sensitive indicators. RESULTS Both the mild frustration and the recovery contexts resulted in neural synchrony. However, less neural synchrony during the recovery context only was associated with more child irritability. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that recovering after a frustrating period might be particularly challenging for children high in irritability and offer support for the use of the DB-DOS:BioSync task to elucidate interpersonal neural mechanisms of developmental psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank A. Fishburn
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M. Catalina Camacho
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren S. Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA;,Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan B. Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA;,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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The Role of Adolescents’ and Their Parents’ Temperament Types in Adolescents’ Academic Emotions: A Goodness-of-Fit Approach. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-020-09582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Academic emotions (e.g., enjoyment of learning or anxiety) play a significant role in academic performance and educational choices. An important factor explaining academic emotions can be students’ temperament and the goodness-of-fit between their temperament and their social environment, including parents.
Objective
This study investigated the unique and interactive effects of early adolescents’ and their parents’ temperament types on adolescents’ academic emotions in literacy and mathematics.
Method
The participants in the study consisted of 690 adolescent–parent dyads. Parents rated their own and their adolescents’ temperaments, and adolescents reported their positive and negative emotions in literacy and mathematics.
Results
The results showed that adolescents’ temperament type was significantly related to their negative emotions in both school subjects. Adolescents with an undercontrolled temperament reported more anger compared to adolescents with a resilient or overcontrolled temperament, and more anxiety, shame, and hopelessness compared to resilient adolescents. In addition, undercontrolled adolescents reported more boredom in mathematics than resilient or overcontrolled adolescents. The parents’ temperament type was related to positive emotions. Adolescents of resilient parents reported greater pride in mathematics than adolescents of undercontrolled or overcontrolled parents and higher hope in mathematics than adolescents of overcontrolled parents. Finally, overcontrolled adolescents with a resilient or overcontrolled parent reported higher enjoyment of mathematics and literacy in comparison to overcontrolled adolescents with an undercontrolled parent.
Conclusions
The findings of the study provide new knowledge about the role of temperament in the school context by showing that differences in temperamental reactivity and regulation relate to adolescents’ academic emotions.
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Jacques DT, Sturge-Apple ML, Davies PT, Cicchetti D. Maternal alcohol dependence and harsh caregiving across parenting contexts: The moderating role of child negative emotionality. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:1509-1523. [PMID: 31735197 PMCID: PMC7231671 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parental alcohol dependence is a significant risk factor for harsh caregiving behaviors; however, it is unknown whether and how harsh caregiving changes over time and across parenting contexts for alcohol-dependent mothers. Furthermore, to our knowledge, no studies have examined whether and how distinct dimensions of child characteristics, such as negative emotionality modulate harsh caregiving among alcohol-dependent mothers. Guided by parenting process models, the present study examined how two distinct domains of children's negative emotionality-fear and frustration-moderate the association between maternal alcohol dependence and maternal harshness across discipline and free-play contexts. A high-risk sample of 201 mothers and their two-year-old children were studied over a one-year period. Results from latent difference score analyses indicated that harsh parenting among alcohol-dependent mothers increased over time in the more stressful discipline context, but not in the parent-child play context. This effect was maintained even after controlling for other parenting risk factors, including other forms of maternal psychopathology. Furthermore, this increase in harsh parenting was specific to alcohol-dependent mothers whose children were displaying high levels of anger and frustration. Findings provide support for specificity in conceptualizations of child negative emotionality and parenting contexts as potential determinants of maladaptive caregiving among alcohol-dependent mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick T Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Parental internalizing disorder and the developmental trajectory of infant self-regulation: The moderating role of positive parental behaviors. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 34:1-17. [PMID: 32958086 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Child self-regulation (SR), a key indicator for later optimal developmental outcomes, may be compromised in the presence of parental mental disorders, especially those characterized by affective dysregulation. However, positive parental behaviors have been shown to buffer against such negative effects, especially during infancy when SR shows great plasticity to environmental inputs. The current study investigated the effect of maternal and paternal lifetime and current internalizing disorders on the developmental trajectory of infant SR from 3 to 24 months, and the potential moderating role of positive parental behaviors. A latent growth model revealed that SR increased overall from 3 to 24 months. Mothers' positive parental behaviors demonstrated significant moderation effects, such that maternal lifetime internalizing disorder was associated with higher SR intercept only among those with low levels of positive parental behavior. Mothers' lifetime internalizing disorder was also associated with a lower linear slope in SR development with a moderate effect size. Fathers' current internalizing disorder was significantly associated with a higher intercept and lower linear slope of the SR trajectory. The current study expands the infant SR literature by describing its early developmental trajectory as well as early risk and protective factors within the parent-infant environment, taking into consideration developmental inputs from both parents.
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Bellina M, Grazioli S, Garzitto M, Mauri M, Rosi E, Molteni M, Brambilla P, Nobile M. Relationship between parenting measures and parents and child psychopathological symptoms: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:377. [PMID: 32680486 PMCID: PMC7367317 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests a complex role of family influences, such as the exposure to parent psychopathology through parenting behavior, in parent-to-child psychopathology transmission. Parenting behaviour could represent a relevant target of psychoeducative intervention. Given these premises, we aimed to evaluate homotypic and heterotypic relationships between parent and child psychopathology, mediated by parenting behaviours, taking into account the constructs of parent and offspring internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. METHODS Internalizing and externalizing symptoms in 272 clinically-referred subjects (mean age = 14.5 ± 2.3; F = 23.5%) and their parents (mothers n = 272, fathers n = 242) were assessed through the Child Behavior Checklist and the Adult Self Report; four areas of parenting behaviours were investigated through the Family Life Questionnaire. Multiple mediation models were built, considering mother and father psychopathology scales as independent variables, parenting measures and family functioning as mediators (Affirmation, Rules, Discipline and Special Allowances), child psychopathology scales as dependent variables and demographic variables as covariates. RESULTS Regression models showed a significant effect of maternal internalizing symptomatology on child externalizing behavioral problems; high levels of maternal pathology predicted high levels of children's psychopathology. A total mediating effect of parenting measures was found: high levels of internalizing symptoms in mothers predicted low levels of affirmation, which in turn predicted high levels of externalizing psychopathology in children. CONCLUSIONS Our study results confirmed the existence of interdependent links between mothers' psychiatric symptomatology, parenting behaviour and offspring outcomes, specifically in an Italian context. On a clinical and rehabilitation basis, this work offers suggestions about parenting practices, specifically maternal, involved in the maintenance of child psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bellina
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Silvia Grazioli
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Marco Garzitto
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mauri
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rosi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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Beauchaine TP, Tackett JL. Irritability as a Transdiagnostic Vulnerability Trait:Current Issues and Future Directions. Behav Ther 2020; 51:350-364. [PMID: 32138943 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, irritability has received increasing attention among mental health professionals given its transdiagnostic associations with diverse forms of psychopathology. In contrast to other emotional states and traits, however, literature addressing associations between irritability and related temperament and personality constructs is limited. In addition, those who study irritability have diverse perspectives on its neurobiological substrates. In this comment, we situate irritability in the literatures on child temperament and adult personality, and describe a model in which irritability derives from low tonic dopamine (DA) levels and low phasic DA reactivity in subcortical neural structures implicated in appetitive responding. We note that different findings often emerge in neuroimaging studies when irritability is assessed in circumscribed diagnostic groups versus representative samples. We conclude with directions for future research, and propose that more authors use hierarchical Bayesian modeling, which captures functional dependencies between irritability and other dispositional traits (e.g., trait anxiety) that standard regression models are insensitive too. Treatment implications are also considered.
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Atherton OE, Lawson KM, Robins RW. The development of effortful control from late childhood to young adulthood. J Pers Soc Psychol 2020; 119:417-456. [PMID: 31999153 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the developmental precursors of effortful control, a temperament trait that involves the propensity to regulate one's impulses and behaviors, to motivate the self toward a goal when there are conflicting desires, and to focus and shift attention easily. Data came from the California Families Project, a multimethod longitudinal study of 674 Mexican-origin youth (and their parents), who were assessed at ages 10, 12, 14, 16, and 19. Effortful control (measured via self- and parent-reports) was moderately stable over time (r = .47 from age 10 to 19), and its developmental trajectory followed a u-shaped pattern (decreasing from age 10 to 14, before increasing from age 14 to 19). Findings from latent growth curve models showed that youth who experience more hostility from their parents, associate more with deviant peers, attend more violent schools, live in more violent neighborhoods, and experience more ethnic discrimination tend to exhibit an exacerbated dip in effortful control. In contrast, youth with parents who closely monitor their behavior and whereabouts exhibited a shallower dip in effortful control. Analyses of the facets of effortful control revealed important disparities in their trajectories; specifically inhibitory control showed linear increases, attention control showed linear decreases, and activation control showed the same u-shaped trajectory as overall effortful control. Moreover, most of the precursors of effortful control replicated for inhibitory control and attention control, but not for activation control. We discuss the broader implications of the findings for adolescent personality development and self-regulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Iverson SL, Desmarais EE, Neumann AA, Gartstein MA. New brief temperament guidance program for parents of infants: A pilot evaluation. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2020; 33:38-48. [PMID: 31943598 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Intensive temperament guidance programs have been successfully utilized to improve caregiver understanding of temperament and teach strategies for appropriately responding to temperament traits. However, the effects of providing brief psychoeducational temperament information to parents have not been previously examined. METHODS Mothers of 3-12-month infants (n = 35) participated in an intervention examining the impact of a comprehensive temperament brochure on temperament knowledge, program attitudes, and parent-child interactions. FINDINGS Mothers demonstrated increased temperament knowledge and were generally accepting of the program. Behavioral changes in mother-child interactions were observed. Sensitivity increased, and interactions shifted from more parent-directed to more balanced following the intervention. Infant gender functioned as a moderator of intervention effects for two mother-infant interaction dynamics. A significant increase in reciprocity was observed between mothers and boys, largely as a function of significantly lower levels of reciprocity preintervention. Child gender also interacted with directedness, in that interactions became more balanced for girls, but remained more mother-directed with boys. Finally, maternal education functioned as a moderator of tempo, as mothers in the higher education group shifted from slower to moderate tempo following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Promising results suggest the need for continued implementation and evaluation of brief temperament interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric E Desmarais
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Alyssa A Neumann
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Maria A Gartstein
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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Gartstein MA, Hancock GR, Potapova NV, Calkins SD, Bell MA. Modeling development of frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry: Sex differences and links with temperament. Dev Sci 2020; 23:e12891. [PMID: 31359565 PMCID: PMC6893078 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric patterns of frontal brain electrical activity reflect approach and avoidance tendencies, with stability of relative right activation associated with withdrawal emotions/motivation and left hemisphere activation linked with approach and positive affect. However, considerable shifts in approach/avoidance-related lateralization have been reported for children not targeted because of extreme temperament. In this study, dynamic effects of frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) power within and across hemispheres were examined throughout early childhood. Specifically, EEG indicators at 5, 10, 24, 36, 48, and 72 months-of-age (n = 410) were analyzed via a hybrid of difference score and panel design models, with baseline measures and subsequent time-to-time differences modeled as potentially influencing all subsequent amounts of time-to-time change (i.e., predictively saturated). Infant sex was considered as a moderator of dynamic developmental effects, with temperament attributes measured at 5 months examined as predictors of EEG hemisphere development. Overall, change in left and right frontal EEG power predicted declining subsequent change in the same hemisphere, with effects on the opposing neurobehavioral system enhancing later growth. Infant sex moderated the pattern of within and across-hemisphere effects, wherein for girls more prominent left hemisphere influences on the right hemisphere EEG changes were noted and right hemisphere effects were more salient for boys. Largely similar patterns of temperament prediction were observed for the left and the right EEG power changes, with limited sex differences in links between temperament and growth parameters. Results were interpreted in the context of comparable analyses using parietal power values, which provided evidence for unique frontal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gartstein
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Gregory R Hancock
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, Measurement, Statistics and Evaluation (EDMS), College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Susan D Calkins
- Department of Psychology, Human Development and Family Studies, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Leve LD, Griffin AM, Natsuaki MN, Harold GT, Neiderhiser JM, Ganiban JM, Shaw DS, Reiss D. Longitudinal examination of pathways to peer problems in middle childhood: A siblings-reared-apart design. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1633-1647. [PMID: 31439063 PMCID: PMC6854293 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To advance research from Dishion and others on associations between parenting and peer problems across childhood, we used a sample of 177 sibling pairs reared apart since birth (because of adoption of one of the siblings) to examine associations between parental hostility and children's peer problems when children were ages 7 and 9.5 years (n = 329 children). We extended conventional cross-lagged parent-peer models by incorporating child inhibitory control as an additional predictor and examining genetic contributions via birth mother psychopathology. Path models indicated a cross-lagged association from parental hostility to later peer problems. When child inhibitory control was included, birth mother internalizing symptoms were associated with poorer child inhibitory control, which was associated with more parental hostility and peer problems. The cross-lagged paths from parental hostility to peer problems were no longer significant in the full model. Multigroup analyses revealed that the path from birth mother internalizing symptoms to child inhibitory control was significantly higher for birth parent-reared children, indicating the possible contribution of passive gene-environment correlation to this association. Exploratory analyses suggested that each child's unique rearing context contributed to his or her inhibitory control and peer behavior. Implications for the development of evidence-based interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie D Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Amanda M Griffin
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Misaki N Natsuaki
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Gordon T Harold
- School of Psychology, Andrew and Virginia Rudd Centre for Adoption Research and Practice, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Jenae M Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jody M Ganiban
- Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Ip KI, Jester JM, Sameroff A, Olson SL. Linking Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs to developmental psychopathology: The role of self-regulation and emotion knowledge in the development of internalizing and externalizing growth trajectories from ages 3 to 10. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1557-1574. [PMID: 30719962 PMCID: PMC6682471 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Identifying Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs in early childhood is essential for understanding etiological pathways of psychopathology. Our central goal was to identify early emotion knowledge and self-regulation difficulties across different RDoC domains and examine how they relate to typical versus atypical symptom trajectories between ages 3 and 10. Particularly, we assessed potential contributions of children's gender, executive control, delay of gratification, and regulation of frustration, emotion recognition, and emotion understanding at age 3 to co-occurring patterns of internalizing and externalizing across development. A total of 238 3-year-old boys and girls were assessed using behavioral tasks and parent reports and reassessed at ages 5 and 10 years. Results indicated that very few children developed "pure" internalizing or externalizing symptoms relative to various levels of co-occurring symptoms across development. Four classes of co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems were identified: low, low-moderate, rising, and severe-decreasing trajectories. Three-year-old children with poor executive control but high emotion understanding were far more likely to show severe-decreasing than low/low-moderate class co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptom patterns. Child gender and poor executive control differentiated children in rising versus low trajectories. Implications for early intervention targeting self-regulation of executive control are discussed.
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Li JB, Willems YE, Stok FM, Deković M, Bartels M, Finkenauer C. Parenting and Self-Control Across Early to Late Adolescence: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019; 14:967-1005. [PMID: 31491364 DOI: 10.1177/1745691619863046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-control plays a significant role in positive youth development. Although numerous self-control challenges occur during adolescence, some adolescents control themselves better than others. Parenting is considered a critical factor that distinguishes adolescents with good self-control from those with poor self-control, but existing findings are inconsistent. This meta-analysis summarizes the overall relationship between parenting and self-control among adolescents aged 10 to 22 years. The analysis includes 191 articles reporting 1,540 effect sizes (N = 164,459). The results show that parenting is associated with adolescents' self-control both concurrently (r = .204, p < .001) and longitudinally (r = .157, p < .001). Longitudinal studies also reveal that adolescents' self-control influences subsequent parenting (r = .155, p < .001). Moderator analyses show that the effect sizes are largely invariant across cultures, ethnicities, age of adolescents, and parent and youth gender. Our results point to the importance of parenting in individual differences in adolescent self-control and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong.,Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong
| | - Yayouk E Willems
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.,Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Utrecht University
| | - F Marijn Stok
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Utrecht University
| | - Maja Deković
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.,Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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45
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Strickhouser JE, Sutin AR. Family and neighborhood socioeconomic status and temperament development from childhood to adolescence. J Pers 2019; 88:515-529. [PMID: 31442310 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children differ in their temperament and these differences predict consequential outcomes, including mental health, peer relations, substance use, academic performance, and adult personality. Additionally, children's temperament develops over time in response to environmental factors, such as the socioeconomic status (SES) of their family and the neighborhood in which they are raised. However, there has been lack on research on the relation between neighborhood SES and the development of temperament or personality. METHOD Using data from two cohorts of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC; N = 9,217) that followed children from 4 to 15 years old, the present analyses examined whether parent income, parent education, and neighborhood disadvantage were associated with three child temperament traits that are precursors to Five-Factor Model (FFM) adult personality traits. RESULTS Longitudinal hierarchical linear models (HLM) generally found that children with lower neighborhood SES or family SES tended to have lower sociability, higher reactivity, and lower persistence and these associations did not decrease over time. CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrates that both the neighborhood and the family SES in childhood are important for the development of temperament across childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Strickhouser
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
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46
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Ezpeleta L, Penelo E, de la Osa N, Navarro JB, Trepat E. Irritability and parenting practices as mediational variables between temperament and affective, anxiety, and oppositional defiant problems. Aggress Behav 2019; 45:550-560. [PMID: 31187514 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Irritability and parenting are potential targets for transdiagnostic studies to identify the common and core dysfunctional characteristics underlying several diagnostic pictures with the goal of addressing these issues in treatment. Our objective was to investigate the different paths from temperament to child psychopathology (affective, anxiety, and oppositional problems) through irritability and parenting using a prospective design from ages 3 to 7. A sample of 614 3-year-old preschoolers was followed at ages 4, 6, and 7. Parents answered questionnaires about temperament (age 3), irritability (age 4), parenting practices (age 6), and psychopathology (age 7). Statistical analyses were carried out through structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the mediation effect of irritability and parenting practices from temperament (negative affectivity and effortful control) through to affective, anxious, and oppositional problems. The proposed model fit the data well. SEM showed (a) an indirect effect from temperament to affective problems, via irritability and positive parenting; (b) a direct effect from negative affectivity to anxiety, plus an indirect effect from both temperament dimensions, via irritability and autonomy parenting practices; and (c) an indirect effect from temperament to oppositional problems, via irritability and punitive parenting. Irritability and parenting are transdiagnostic mediational variables that should be focused on in intervention programs for affective, anxiety, and oppositional problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Ezpeleta
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Unitat d’Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Spain
| | - Eva Penelo
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Unitat d’Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Spain
| | - Núria de la Osa
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Unitat d’Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Blas Navarro
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Unitat d’Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Spain
| | - Esther Trepat
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Unitat d’Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Psicologia Spain
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The Effects of Mothers’ Smartphone Overdependence on Children’s Problem Behaviors: The Dual Mediating Effects of Children’s Effortful Control and Smartphone Overdependence. ADONGHAKOEJI 2019. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2019.40.4.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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48
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Taylor ZE, Evich CD, Marceau K, Nair N, Jones BL. Associations between Effortful Control, Cortisol Awakening Response, and Depressive Problems in Latino Preadolescents. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2019; 39:1050-1077. [PMID: 31558851 PMCID: PMC6761986 DOI: 10.1177/0272431618798509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined associations between effortful control, a trait marker of self-regulation, adaptive HPA system functioning (as reflected by the CAR), and concurrent and longitudinal depressive problems, in a sample of preadolescent Latino youth (N = 119, mean age = 11.53 years, 59% female). We hypothesized that trait readiness for self-regulation (e.g., effortful control) could be related to physiological state readiness for self-regulation (e.g., CAR), and that both may counter depressive problems. We found that youth's CAR was positively associated with effortful control, and negatively with youth depressive problems. Effortful control and youth depressive problems were also negatively associated. Longitudinal relations of CAR and effortful control on depressive problems at T2 were not significant in the structural equation model after controlling for T1 depressive problems, although these variables were significant in the bivariate correlations. Results suggest that both trait-regulation and physiological regulation may counter depressive problems in Latino youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E. Taylor
- Purdue University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies
| | - Carly D. Evich
- Purdue University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Purdue University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies
| | - Nayantara Nair
- Purdue University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies
| | - Blake L. Jones
- Purdue University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies
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Transactional relations between early child temperament, structured parenting, and child outcomes: A three-wave longitudinal study. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 32:923-933. [PMID: 31298177 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While child self-regulation is shaped by the environment (e.g., the parents' caregiving behaviors), children also play an active role in influencing the care they receive, indicating that children's individual differences should be integrated in models relating early care to children's development. We assessed 409 children's observed temperamental behavioral inhibition (BI), effortful control (EC), and the primary caregiver's parenting at child ages 3 and 5. Parents reported on child behavior problems at child ages 3, 5, and 8. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine relations between child temperament and parenting in predicting child problems. BI at age 3 was positively associated with structured parenting at age 5, which was negatively related to child internalizing and attention-academic problems at age 8. In contrast, parenting at child age 3 did not predict child BI or EC at age 5, nor did age 3 EC predict parenting at age 5. Findings indicate that child behavior may shape the development of caregiving and, in turn, long-term child adjustment, suggesting that studies of caregiving and child outcomes should consider the role of child temperament toward developing more informative models of child-environment interplay.
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50
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Perone S, Gartstein MA. Mapping cortical rhythms to infant behavioral tendencies via baseline EEG and parent‐report. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:815-823. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Perone
- Department of Human Development Washington State University Pullman Washington
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